FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Liu, CW Chuang, CS Yang, YF Elmquist, RE Ho, YJ Lee, HY Liang, CT AF Liu, Chieh-Wen Chuang, Chiashain Yang, Yanfei Elmquist, Randolph E. Ho, Yi-Ju Lee, Hsin-Yen Liang, Chi-Te TI Temperature dependence of electron density and electron-electron interactions in monolayer epitaxial graphene grown on SiC SO 2D MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE graphene; Shubnikov-de Haas; electron-electron interactions; carrier density ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; QUANTUM HALL TRANSITION; WEAK-LOCALIZATION; 2 DIMENSIONS; SYSTEMS; GAS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; SCALE AB We report carrier density measurements and electron-electron (e-e) interactions in monolayer epitaxial graphene grown on SiC. The temperature (T)-independent carrier density determined from the Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations clearly demonstrates that the observed logarithmic temperature dependence of the Hall slope in our system must be due to e-e interactions. Since the electron density determined from conventional SdH measurements does not depend on e-e interactions based on Kohn's theorem, SdH experiments appear to be more reliable compared with the classical Hall effect when one studies the T dependence of the carrier density in the low T regime. On the other hand, the logarithmic T dependence of the Hall slope dRxy/dB can be used to probe e-e interactions even when the conventional conductivity method is not applicable due to strong electron-phonon scattering. C1 [Liu, Chieh-Wen; Chuang, Chiashain; Yang, Yanfei; Elmquist, Randolph E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Chieh-Wen; Ho, Yi-Ju; Liang, Chi-Te] Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Appl Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Chuang, Chiashain] Chiba Univ, Grad Sch Adv Integrat Sci, Chiba 2638522, Japan. [Lee, Hsin-Yen; Liang, Chi-Te] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. RP Elmquist, RE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM randolph.elmquist@nist.gov; ctliang@phys.ntu.edu.tw RI Liang, Chi-Te/A-3902-2009 OI Liang, Chi-Te/0000-0003-4435-5949 FU Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan [MOST 104-2811-M-002-250, MOST 105-2119-M-002-048-MY3]; JSPS FX We acknowledge the support from the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Grant numbers: MOST 104-2811-M-002-250 and MOST 105-2119-M-002-048-MY3). As an International Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), C. Chuang acknowledges a JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship. We thank Prof. David Goldhaber-Gordon for useful discussions. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2053-1583 J9 2D MATER JI 2D Mater. PD JUN PY 2017 VL 4 IS 2 AR 025007 DI 10.1088/2053-1583/aa55b9 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA EM6XV UT WOS:000395456800002 ER PT J AU Gades, LM Cecil, TW Divan, R Schmidt, DR Ullom, JN Madden, TJ Yan, DK Miceli, A AF Gades, Lisa M. Cecil, Thomas W. Divan, Ralu Schmidt, Dan R. Ullom, Joel N. Madden, Timothy J. Yan, Daikang Miceli, Antonino TI Development of Thick Electroplated Bismuth Absorbers for Large Collection Area Hard X-ray Transition Edge Sensors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Superconducting device fabrication; thick films; superconducting microcalorimeters; superconducting detectors ID FLUORESCENCE; STRATEGIES AB Transition edge sensors (TES) offer some of the highest resolutions for solid-state X-ray spectrometers. We are developing TES detectors for use at hard X-ray synchrotron light sources for energy ranges up to 20 keV. Because TES resolving power scales inversely with the square root of heat capacity, it is important to have an absorber with both a small heat capacity and a large Xray stopping power. We are developing electroplated bismuth (Bi) absorbers to meet these criteria. Although Bi has a smaller Xray absorption at 20 keV than gold, the specific heat is up to two orders of magnitude smaller, allowing for much larger collection area (up to 1 mm(2)) without significantly increasing the total device specific heat. However, due to its low thermal conductivity, Bi absorbers may have longer thermalization times. Also, some evaporated Bi absorbers may produce spectra with low-energy tails that will hinder X-ray line shape analysis and increase minimum detectability limits of trace metals for X-ray fluorescence microscopy. We examine the impact of plating current density, agitation, film thickness, and seed layer thickness on the grain size, residual resistance ratio, and uniformity of Bi absorbers. Additionally, we discuss processing considerations important for successful electroplating. C1 [Gades, Lisa M.; Cecil, Thomas W.; Divan, Ralu; Madden, Timothy J.; Yan, Daikang; Miceli, Antonino] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Schmidt, Dan R.; Ullom, Joel N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yan, Daikang] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Gades, LM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gades@aps.anl.gov; cecil@aps.anl.gov; divan@anl.gov; dan.schmidt@nist.gov; joel.ullom@nist.gov; tmadden@aps.anl.gov; daikangyan2013@u.northwestern.edu; amiceli@aps.anl.gov FU Accelerator and Detector R&D program in Basic Energy Sciences' Scientific User Facilities (SUF) Division at the Department of Energy; DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This research was supported by the Accelerator and Detector R&D program in Basic Energy Sciences' Scientific User Facilities (SUF) Division at the Department of Energy. This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source and Center for Nanoscale Materials, U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facilities operated for the DOE Office of Science by the Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2017 VL 27 IS 4 AR 2101105 DI 10.1109/TASC.2017.2662007 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA EN2ZB UT WOS:000395877700001 ER PT J AU Hashimoto, T Bazzi, M Bennett, DA Berucci, C Bosnar, D Curceanu, C Doriese, WB Fowler, JW Fujioka, H Guaraldo, C Gustafsson, FP Hayakawa, R Hayano, RS Hays-Wehle, JP Hilton, GC Hiraiwa, T Ichinohe, Y Iio, M Iliescu, M Ishimoto, S Ishisaki, Y Itahashi, K Iwasaki, M Ma, Y Noda, H Noumi, H O'Neil, GC Ohnishi, H Okada, S Outa, H Piscicchia, K Reintsema, CD Sada, Y Sakuma, F Sato, M Schmidt, DR Scordo, A Sekimoto, M Shi, H Sirghi, D Sirghi, F Suzuki, K Swetz, DS Tanida, K Tatsuno, H Tokuda, M Uhlig, J Ullom, JN Yamada, S Yamazaki, T Zmeskal, J AF Hashimoto, T. Bazzi, M. Bennett, D. A. Berucci, C. Bosnar, D. Curceanu, C. Doriese, W. B. Fowler, J. W. Fujioka, H. Guaraldo, C. Gustafsson, F. Parnefjord Hayakawa, R. Hayano, R. S. Hays-Wehle, J. P. Hilton, G. C. Hiraiwa, T. Ichinohe, Y. Iio, M. Iliescu, M. Ishimoto, S. Ishisaki, Y. Itahashi, K. Iwasaki, M. Ma, Y. Noda, H. Noumi, H. O'Neil, G. C. Ohnishi, H. Okada, S. Outa, H. Piscicchia, K. Reintsema, C. D. Sada, Y. Sakuma, F. Sato, M. Schmidt, D. R. Scordo, A. Sekimoto, M. Shi, H. Sirghi, D. Sirghi, F. Suzuki, K. Swetz, D. S. Tanida, K. Tatsuno, H. Tokuda, M. Uhlig, J. Ullom, J. N. Yamada, S. Yamazaki, T. Zmeskal, J. TI Beamline Test of a Transition-Edge-Sensor Spectrometer in Preparation for Kaonic-Atom Measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Nuclear physics; particle beams; superconducting photodetectors; X-ray detectors ID NUCLEAR; ENERGY; PHYSICS; MATTER AB We are developing a new technique to apply transition-edge sensors (TESs) to X-ray spectroscopy of exotic atoms, especially of kaonic atoms. To demonstrate the feasibility of this pioneering project, performance of a TES-based X-ray detector was evaluated in pion-and kaon-beam environments at particle accelerators. We successfully observed X-rays from pionic-carbon atoms with a resolution as good as 7 eV FWHM at 6 keV. Also at a kaon beamline, we confirmed that the TES spectrometer will be able to achieve our resolution goal, 6 eV, in our first scientific campaign to measure X-rays from kaonic-helium atoms. C1 [Hashimoto, T.; Itahashi, K.; Iwasaki, M.; Ma, Y.; Ohnishi, H.; Okada, S.; Outa, H.; Sakuma, F.; Sato, M.] RIKEN, Nishina Ctr, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Bazzi, M.; Curceanu, C.; Guaraldo, C.; Iliescu, M.; Piscicchia, K.; Scordo, A.; Shi, H.; Sirghi, D.; Sirghi, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Bennett, D. A.; Doriese, W. B.; Fowler, J. W.; Hays-Wehle, J. P.; Hilton, G. C.; O'Neil, G. C.; Reintsema, C. D.; Schmidt, D. R.; Swetz, D. S.; Ullom, J. N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Berucci, C.; Suzuki, K.; Zmeskal, J.] Stefan Meyer Inst Subatomare Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Bosnar, D.] Univ Zagreb, Dept Phys, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. [Fujioka, H.] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Gustafsson, F. Parnefjord; Tatsuno, H.; Uhlig, J.] Lund Univ, Dept Chem Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Hayakawa, R.; Ichinohe, Y.; Ishisaki, Y.; Yamada, S.] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. [Hayano, R. S.; Yamazaki, T.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Hiraiwa, T.; Noumi, H.; Sada, Y.] Osaka Univ, Res Ctr Nucl Phys, Osaka 5670047, Japan. [Iio, M.; Sekimoto, M.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Iwasaki, M.; Tokuda, M.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Noda, H.; Ullom, J. N.] Tohoku Univ, Frontier Res Inst Interdisciplinary Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Tanida, K.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191184, Japan. RP Hashimoto, T (reprint author), RIKEN, Nishina Ctr, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. EM tadashi.hashimoto@riken.jp; massimiliano.bazzi@lnf.infn.it; douglas.bennett@nist.gov; Car-olina.Berucci@oeaw.ac.at; bosnar@phy.hr; Catalina.Curceanu@lnf.infn.it; doriese@boulder.nist.gov; joe.fowler@nist.gov; fujioka@scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp; carlo.guaraldo@lnf.infn.it; fpg@live.se; hayakawa-ryota@ed.tmu.ac.jp; hayano@phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; gene.hilton@nist.gov; ichinohe@tmu.ac.jp; masami.iio@kek.jp; Mihai.Iliescu@lnf.infn.it; ishisaki@tmu.ac.jp; itahashi@riken.jp; masa@riken.jp; ma@riken.jp; hirofumi.noda@astr.tohoku.ac.jp; noumi@rcnp.osaka-u.ac.jp; galen.oneil@nist.gov; h-ohnishi@riken.jp; sokada@riken.jp; outa@riken.jp; carl.reintsema@nist.gov; sada@rcnp.osaka-u.ac.jp; sakuma@ribf.riken.jp; m-sato@riken.jp; dan.schmidt@nist.gov; sekimoto@post.kek.jp; Hexi.Shi@lnf.infn.it; ken.suzuki@oeaw.ac.at; daniel.swetz@nist.gov; ktanida@riken.jp; hideyuki.tatsuno.2364@chemphys.lu.se; jens.uhlig@chemphys.lu.se; joel.ullom@nist.gov; syamada@tmu.ac.jp; yamazaki@nucl.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; johann.zmeskal@oeaw.ac.at NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2017 VL 27 IS 4 AR 2100905 DI 10.1109/TASC.2016.2646374 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA EN1VQ UT WOS:000395798800001 ER PT J AU Madden, TJ Cecil, TW Gades, LM Quaranta, O Yan, DK Miceli, A Becker, DT Bennett, DA Hays-Wehle, JP Hilton, GC Gard, JD Mates, JAB Reintsema, CD Schmidt, DR Swetz, DS Vale, LR Ullom, JN AF Madden, Timothy J. Cecil, Thomas W. Gades, Lisa M. Quaranta, Orlando Yan, Daikang Miceli, Antonino Becker, Dan T. Bennett, Doug A. Hays-Wehle, James P. Hilton, Gene C. Gard, Johnathon D. Mates, John A. B. Reintsema, Carl D. Schmidt, Dan R. Swetz, Daniel S. Vale, Leila R. Ullom, Joel N. TI Development of ROACH Firmware for Microwave Multiplexed X-Ray TES Microcalorimeters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE FPGA; firmware; ROACH; microwave multiplexing; TES; superconducting microcalorimeters; superconducting detectors AB We are developing room temperature electronics based upon the ROACH platform to readout microwave multiplexed X-ray TES. ROACH is an open-source hardware and software platform featuring a large Xilinx Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), Power PC processor, several 10 GB Ethernet SFP+ interfaces, and a collection of daughter boards for analog signal generation and acquisition. The combination of a ROACH board, ADC/DAC conversion daughter boards, and hardware for RF mixing allows for the generation and capture of multiple RF tones for reading out microwave multiplexed X-ray TES microcalorimeters. The FPGA is used to generate multiple tones in base band, from 10 MHz to 250 MHz, which are subsequently mixed to RF in the multiple GHz range and sent through the microwave multiplexer. The tones are generated in theFPGAby storing a large lookup table in Quad Data Rate SRAM modules and playing out the waveform to a DAC board. Once the signal has been modulated to RF, passed through the microwave multiplexer, and has been modulated back to base band, the signal is digitized by an ADC board. The tones are modulated to 0 Hz by using a FPGA circuit consisting of a polyphase filter bank, several Xilinx FFT blocks, Xilinx CORDIC blocks (for converting to magnitude and phase), and special phase accumulator circuit for mixing to exactly 0 Hz. Upwards of 256 channels can be simultaneously captured and written into a bank of 256 First-In-First-Out (FIFO) memories, with each FIFO corresponding to a channel. Individual channel data can be further processed in the FPGA before being streamed through a 10 GB Ethernet fiber-optic interface to a Linux system. The Linux system runs software written in Python and QT C++ for controlling the ROACH system, capturing data, and processing data. C1 [Madden, Timothy J.; Cecil, Thomas W.; Gades, Lisa M.; Quaranta, Orlando; Yan, Daikang; Miceli, Antonino] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Yan, Daikang] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Becker, Dan T.; Bennett, Doug A.; Hays-Wehle, James P.; Hilton, Gene C.; Reintsema, Carl D.; Schmidt, Dan R.; Swetz, Daniel S.; Vale, Leila R.; Ullom, Joel N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Becker, Dan T.; Gard, Johnathon D.; Mates, John A. B.; Ullom, Joel N.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Madden, TJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM tmadden@anl.gov; cecil@anl.gov; gades@aps.anl.go; oquaranta@aps.anl.gov; daikangyan2013@u.northwestern.edu; amiceli@anl.gov; dan.becker@nist.gov; douglas.bennett@nist.gov; james.hays-wehle@nist.gov; gene.hilton@nist.gov; johnathon.gard@nist.gov; bmates1@gmail.com; carl.reintsema@nist.gov; dan.schmidt@nist.gov; daniel.swetz@nist.gov; leila.vale@nist.gov; joel.ullom@nist.gov FU Accelerator and Detector R&D program in Basic Energy Sciences Scientific User Facilities Division at the Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the Accelerator and Detector R&D program in Basic Energy Sciences Scientific User Facilities Division at the Department of Energy. This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source and Center for Nanoscale Materials, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facilities operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2017 VL 27 IS 4 AR 2500504 DI 10.1109/TASC.2017.2650903 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA EM9QY UT WOS:000395647400001 ER PT J AU Mateu, J Collado, C Hueltes, A O'Callaghan, JM Garcia-Pastor, D Perea-Robles, R Joshi, N Lu, X Orloff, N Booth, JC AF Mateu, J. Collado, C. Hueltes, A. O'Callaghan, J. M. Garcia-Pastor, D. Perea-Robles, R. Joshi, N. Lu, X. Orloff, N. Booth, J. C. TI Comprehensive Circuit Model of Autolimiting Superconductor Devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Nonlinearity; heating effects; autolimiting; microwave devices; filters ID RESISTANCE; LIMITER AB This paper presents a phenomenological equivalent circuit to model the phenomenon occurring when a section of superconducting transmission line transits from a superconducting state to a normal state. This phenomenon allows the use of superconductors for the design of autolimiting structures based on superconducting transmission line sections. Although this autolimiting effect happens when the current density achieved in the superconductor exceeds the critical current inherent to the superconducting material, heating effects also play a significant role in this behavior. The equivalent circuit presented in this work accounts for both electric and thermal effects, and the interaction between them. The circuitmodel is then used for the evaluation of a practical microwave and frequency selective IMUX configuration. C1 [Mateu, J.; Collado, C.; Hueltes, A.; O'Callaghan, J. M.; Garcia-Pastor, D.; Perea-Robles, R.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Joshi, N.; Lu, X.; Orloff, N.; Booth, J. C.] NIST, CTL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Mateu, J (reprint author), Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, Barcelona 08034, Spain. EM jmateu@tsc.upc.edu OI Mateu, Jordi/0000-0001-9833-9966 FU Generalitat de Catalunya [2014 SGR 1551]; U.S. Government FX This work was supported in part by the Generalitat de Catalunya under Grant 2014 SGR 1551 and in part by the U.S. Government. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2017 VL 27 IS 4 AR 1800704 DI 10.1109/TASC.2016.2638419 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA EK6NN UT WOS:000394041400001 ER PT J AU Fowler, JW Alpert, BK Doriese, WB Hays-Wehle, J Joe, YI Morgan, KM O' Neil, GC Reintsema, CD Schmidt, DR Ullom, JN Swetz, DS AF Fowler, J. W. Alpert, B. K. Doriese, W. B. Hays-Wehle, J. Joe, Y. -I. Morgan, K. M. O' Neil, G. C. Reintsema, C. D. Schmidt, D. R. Ullom, J. N. Swetz, D. S. TI When "Optimal Filtering" Isn't SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Superconducting photodetectors; linearization techniques; pulse measurements; signal processing algorithms ID NONSTATIONARY NOISE; MICROCALORIMETERS AB The so-called "optimal filter" analysis of a microcalorimeter's x-ray pulses is statistically optimal only if all pulses have the same shape, regardless of energy. However, the shapes of pulses from a nonlinear detector can and do depend on the pulse energy. A pulse-fitting procedure that we call "tangent filtering" accounts for the energy dependence of the shape and should, therefore, achieve superior energy resolution. We take a geometric view of the pulse-fitting problem and give expressions to predict how much the energy resolution stands to benefit from such a procedure. We also demonstrate the method with a case study of K-line fluorescence from several 3d transition metals. The method improves the resolution from 4.9 to 4.2 eV at the Cu K alpha line (8.0 keV). C1 [Fowler, J. W.; Alpert, B. K.; Doriese, W. B.; Hays-Wehle, J.; Joe, Y. -I.; Morgan, K. M.; O' Neil, G. C.; Reintsema, C. D.; Schmidt, D. R.; Ullom, J. N.; Swetz, D. S.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fowler, JW (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM joe.fowler@nist.gov; alpert@boulder.nist.gov; doriese@boulder.nist.gov; james.hays-wehle@nist.gov; youngil.joe@nist.gov; kelsey.morgan@nist.gov; galen.oneil@nist.gov; carl.reintsema@nist.gov; dan.schmidt@nist.gov; joel.ullom@nist.gov; daniel.swetz@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences; NIST Innovations in Measurement Science proagram; NASA FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences, in part by the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science proagram, and in part by NASA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2017 VL 27 IS 4 AR 2500404 DI 10.1109/TASC.2016.2637359 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA EK6NH UT WOS:000394040800001 ER PT J AU Fox, AE Golden, EB Dresselhaus, PD Benz, SP AF Fox, Anna E. Golden, Evan B. Dresselhaus, Paul D. Benz, Samuel P. TI On-Chip Temperature Distribution of Josephson Voltage Standard Devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Josephson junctions; Josephson devices; superconducting device fabrication; superconducting integrated circuits ID JUNCTIONS; CIRCUITS AB A substrate surface temperature characterization for the National Institute of Standards and Technology Josephson voltage standard has been performed by fabricating and measuring Josephson junction arrays with on-chip thermometry. Circuits were designed with a single voltage standard style array consisting of 12 810 junctions. 31 banks of thermometer junctions were placed around the array and microwave termination resistor to monitor temperature via a junction critical current measurement. Temperature rise in devices with on-chip termination resistors were compared to that of devices terminated off-chip. The thermal profiles on several different substrates were measured and compared to determine which substrate exhibited the best thermal transport. Finally, the thermal properties of junctions deposited directly on silicon were compared to those of the junctions deposited on an interface layer. We found that devices with off-chip terminations had half the temperature rise compared to the devices with on-chip termination, and the devices with remotely located terminations exhibited larger constant-voltage steps over a larger frequency/power range than the devices with termination resistors very close to array junctions. Comparing substrates, we found that sapphire was best for transporting heat from voltage standard circuits and that an interface layer did not affect heat transport in the substrate. C1 [Fox, Anna E.; Golden, Evan B.; Dresselhaus, Paul D.; Benz, Samuel P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fox, AE (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM anna.fox@nist.gov; evan.golden@nist.gov; haus@boulder.nist.gov; samuel.benz@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2017 VL 27 IS 4 AR 1500305 DI 10.1109/TASC.2016.2628308 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA EF6FL UT WOS:000390426400001 ER PT J AU Heigel, JC Whitenton, E Lane, B Donmez, MA Madhavan, V Moscoso-Kingsley, W AF Heigel, J. C. Whitenton, E. Lane, B. Donmez, M. A. Madhavan, V. Moscoso-Kingsley, W. TI Infrared measurement of the temperature at the tool-chip interface while machining Ti-6Al-4V SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Metal cutting; Titanium; Infrared temperature measurement; Transparent tool; Tool wear; Model validation ID RAKE FACE TEMPERATURE; FIELDS; STEEL AB The challenges associated with machining titanium alloys (e.g.,Ti-6Al-4V) are directly related to high cutting tool temperatures due to the low thermal conductivity of these alloys and the heat generated in the primary shear zone and at the tool-chip interface. Transparent yittrium aluminum garnet (YAG) tools are used in the current study to orthogonally machine a Ti-6Al-4V disk. Although YAG tools are not industrially relevant, they permit the temperature on the tool-chip interface to be measured. These measurements are relevant because they can be used to validate cutting models, which are in-turn used by industry to improve cutting processes. An infrared camera, using a high frame rate (700 Hz) and a large field of view (20 mm(2)), observes the tool-chip interface through these tools and measures the temperature distribution and records the chip curl and breakage while cutting with a feed rate of 50 mu m/rev and cutting speeds between 20 m/min and 100 m/min. In addition to the temperature measureirlents, cutting forces are recorded and the chip formation is documented using a high-speed (3 kHz) visible-light camera. Results show that radiant temperature increases with speed while the cutting and thrust fortes show no significant trend. Analysis of the temperature distribution from one edge of the chip to the other reveals differences from 6 % to 21 %, indicating that caution must be used when performing thermographic measurements of chip temperatures from the side of the cutting zone. Finally, post process measurements are performed using a scanning white-light interferometer to investigate any correlation between the tool condition and cutting temperature. Although the qualitative analysis of some cases appears to reveal a correlation between the condition of the YAG tool and the measured temperature distribution, further work work is required to understand this relationship. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Heigel, J. C.; Whitenton, E.; Lane, B.; Donmez, M. A.] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Madhavan, V.; Moscoso-Kingsley, W.] Wichita State Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. RP Heigel, JC (reprint author), NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jarred.heigel@nist.gov FU Department of Energy [DE-EE0006396] FX This work was funded in part by the Department of Energy contract number DE-EE0006396. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-0136 J9 J MATER PROCESS TECH JI J. Mater. Process. Technol. PD MAY PY 2017 VL 243 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.11.026 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA EL2XG UT WOS:000394483200014 ER PT J AU Pak, SJ Moon, JW Kim, J Chandler, MT Kim, HS Son, J Son, SK Choi, SK Baker, ET AF Pak, Sang-Joon Moon, Jai-Woon Kim, Jonguk Chandler, Michael T. Kim, Hyun-Sub Son, Juwon Son, Seung-Kyu Choi, Sun Ki Baker, Edward T. TI Widespread tectonic extension at the Central Indian Ridge between 8 degrees S and 18 degrees S SO GONDWANA RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; TRIPLE-JUNCTION; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY; AXIS DISCONTINUITIES; FOCUSED ACCRETION; GRAVITY-ANOMALIES; CRUSTAL THICKNESS; SPREADING CENTER; SOUTH-ATLANTIC AB The middle part of the Central Indian Ridge (MCIR) between 8 degrees S and 18 degrees S is representative of mid-ocean ridges in the Indian Ocean but has not previously been systematically surveyed. Here we present results from the first high-resolution mapping survey over both on-and off-axis sections of the MCIR including multibeam bathymetry, magnetics, hydrocasting, and seabed sampling. The 700-km-long MCIR consists of six first-order segments that are offset by >30 km along well-developed transform faults. Three of the first-order segments are further divided into seven second-order segments with <30 km offset along non-transform discontinuities. We have recognized for the first time 11 prominent ocean core complexes (OCCs). These occur at nearly all segment ends, corresponding to an occurrence every 60 km of the surveyed ridge. Seafloor spreading model studies using magnetic reversals show that the MCIR is a slow-spreading ridge with average full opening rates ranging from 33.7 to 45.1 mm/yr, increasing from north to south. The highly curved and intermittent axial ridge geometry, rugged flank fabric, variation in the depth and width of the middle valley, and the frequent occurrences of ocean core complexes and non-transform discontinuities demonstrate that asymmetric accretionary processes are dominant along the ridge. The spreading rate symmetry combined with morphotectonic features, reveal that the MCIR segments developed mainly via tectonic extension with little magmatism. Segments with asymmetric accretion controlled by tectonic extension makes up similar to 96% of the MCIR, whereas symmetric accretion controlled by robust magmatism make up <4%. Hydrothermal plumes with high methane concentrations occur frequently over the OCCs. This finding indicates that abundant OCCs exposed by detachment faults lead to extensive hydrothermal circulation at off-axis areas and that detachment faults are the primary fluid path for hydrothermal fluid circulation at off-axis regions. Serpentinization of mantle-derived rock at OCCs may be one of the major sources of heat and methane in off-axis areas. (C) 2017 International Association for Gondwana Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pak, Sang-Joon; Moon, Jai-Woon; Kim, Jonguk; Chandler, Michael T.; Kim, Hyun-Sub; Son, Juwon; Son, Seung-Kyu; Choi, Sun Ki] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Deep Sea & Seabed Mineral Resources Res Ctr, Ansan, South Korea. [Baker, Edward T.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean PMEL, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Pak, SJ (reprint author), Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Deep Sea & Seabed Mineral Resources Res Ctr, Ansan, South Korea. EM electrum@kiost.ac.kr FU Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries [PM59351]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148] FX We thank Jerome Dyment and Tsunogae for providing useful suggestions and comments on this paper. This work was financially supported by funds from the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (PM59351). We are grateful to the captain and crew of the R/V Onnuri. We also thank J. Ham, E.Y. Jeong, O. R. You and J. M. Ju for their help in collecting the samples and data during the Indian Ridge cruises. Support for ETB was supplied by the NOAA Vents (now Earth-Ocean Interactions) Program and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148. PMEL contribution 4044 and JISAO contribution 2153. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1342-937X EI 1878-0571 J9 GONDWANA RES JI Gondwana Res. PD MAY PY 2017 VL 45 BP 163 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.gr.2016.12.015 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EQ2BZ UT WOS:000397874600009 ER PT J AU Bentz, DP Ferraris, CF Jones, SZ Lootens, D Zunino, F AF Bentz, Dale P. Ferraris, Chiara F. Jones, Scott Z. Lootens, Didier Zunino, Franco TI Limestone and silica powder replacements for cement: Early-age performance SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE Early-age hydration; Heat release; Limestone powder; Precipitation Setting time; Silica powder; Sustainability ID PORTLAND CEMENTS; FLY-ASH; HYDRATION; FILLER; MORPHOLOGY AB Developing functional concrete mixtures with less ordinary portland cement (OPC) has been one of the key objectives of the 21st century sustainability movement. While the supplies of many alternatives to OPC (such as fly ash or slag) may be limited, those of limestone and silica powders produced by crushing rocks seem virtually endless. The present study examines the chemical and physical influences of these powders on the rheology, hydration, and setting of cement-based materials via experiments and three-dimensional microstructural modeling. It is shown that both limestone and silica particle surfaces are active templates (sites) for the nucleation and growth of cement hydration products, while the limestone itself is also somewhat soluble, leading to the formation of carboaluminate hydration products. Because the filler particles are incorporated as active members of the percolated backbone that constitutes initial setting of a cement-based system, replacements of up to 50% of the OPC by either of these powders on a volumetric basis have minimal impact on the initial setting time, and even a paste with only 5% OPC and 95% limestone powder by volume achieves initial set within 24 h. While their influence on setting is similar, the limestone and silica powders produce pastes with quite different rheological properties, when substituted at the same volume level. When proceeding from setting to later age strength development, one must also consider the dilution of the system due to cement removal, along with the solubility/reactivity of the filler. However, for applications where controlled (prompt) setting is more critical than developing high strengths, such as mortar tile adhesives, grouts, and renderings, significant levels of these powder replacements for cement can serve as sustainable, functional alternatives to the oft-employed 100% OPC products. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bentz, Dale P.; Ferraris, Chiara F.; Jones, Scott Z.; Zunino, Franco] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lootens, Didier] Sika Technol AG Cent Res, Tueffenwies 16, CH-8048 Zurich, Switzerland. [Zunino, Franco] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Sch Engn, Dept Construct Engn & Management, Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Macul Santiago, Chile. RP Bentz, DP (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dale.bentz@nist.gov; clarissa@nist.gov; scott.jones@nist.gov; lootens.didier@ch.sika.com; fazunino@ing.puc.cl FU Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Chilean Ministry of Education (MINEDUC) [PUC1202] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Mr. Max Peitz (NIST) for performing the PSD, helium pycnometry, and BET surface area measurements on the powders used in this study. The provision of materials by Carmeuse and the Lehigh Cement Company are gratefully acknowledged. The authors also acknowledge Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and the Chilean Ministry of Education (MINEDUC) through their agreement PUC1202 for funding Franco Zunino's internship at NIST. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-9465 EI 1873-393X J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP JI Cem. Concr. Compos. PD APR PY 2017 VL 78 BP 43 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.01.001 PG 14 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA EL2XV UT WOS:000394484900005 ER PT J AU Bhinge, R Park, J Law, KH Dornfeld, DA Helu, M Rachuri, S AF Bhinge, Raunak Park, Jinkyoo Law, Kincho H. Dornfeld, David A. Helu, Moneer Rachuri, Sudarsan TI Toward a Generalized Energy Prediction Model for Machine Tools SO JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE computer-integrated manufacturing; machining processes; sustainable manufacturing AB Energy prediction of machine tools can deliver many advantages to a manufacturing enterprise, ranging from energy-efficient process planning to machine tool monitoring. Physics-based energy prediction models have been proposed in the past to understand the energy usage pattern of a machine tool. However, uncertainties in both the machine and the operating environment make it difficult to predict the energy consumption of the target machine reliably. Taking advantage of the opportunity to collect extensive, contextual, energy-consumption data, we discuss a data-driven approach to develop an energy prediction model of a machine tool in this paper. First, we present a methodology that can efficiently and effectively collect and process data extracted from a machine tool and its sensors. We then present a data-driven model that can be used to predict the energy consumption of the machine tool for machining a generic part. Specifically, we use Gaussian process (GP) regression, a nonparametric machine-learning technique, to develop the prediction model. The energy prediction model is then generalized over multiple process parameters and operations. Finally, we apply this generalized model with a method to assess uncertainty intervals to predict the energy consumed by any part of the machine using a Mori Seiki NVD1500 machine tool. Furthermore, the same model can be used during process planning to optimize the energy-efficiency of a machining process. C1 [Bhinge, Raunak; Dornfeld, David A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lab Mfg & Sustainabil, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Park, Jinkyoo; Law, Kincho H.] Stanford Univ, Engn Informat Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Helu, Moneer] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rachuri, Sudarsan] US DOE, Adv Mfg Off, Off Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy EERE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Bhinge, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lab Mfg & Sustainabil, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM raunakbh@berkeley.edu; jkpark11@stanford.edu; law@stanford.edu; dornfeld@berkeley.edu; moneer.helu@nist.gov; sudarsan.rachuri@hq.doe.gov FU Smart Manufacturing Systems Design and Analysis Program at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [70NANB12H225, 70NANB12H273] FX The authors acknowledge the support by the Smart Manufacturing Systems Design and Analysis Program at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Grant Nos. 70NANB12H225 and 70NANB12H273 awarded to University of California, Berkeley, and to Stanford University, respectively. In addition, the authors appreciate the support of the Machine Tool Technologies Research Foundation (MTTRF) and System Insights for the equipment used in this research. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1087-1357 EI 1528-8935 J9 J MANUF SCI E-T ASME JI J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2017 VL 139 IS 4 AR 041013 DI 10.1115/1.4034933 PG 12 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA EM2BT UT WOS:000395122100013 ER PT J AU Li, Y Cheng, HB Liu, ML Zhang, YX Yan, P Wang, CM Ouyang, J AF Li, Yao Cheng, Hongbo Liu, Menglin Zhang, Yunxiang Yan, Peng Wang, Chunming Ouyang, Jun TI Creating adjoining polymorphic phase transition (PPT) regions in ferroelectric (Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ti)O-3 Ceramics SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Ferroelectric ceramics; Solid solution; Polymorphic phase transition; Piezoelectricity; Barium titanate ID LEAD-FREE CERAMICS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; PIEZOELECTRICS; BOUNDARY; SYSTEM AB In this work, we report the polymorphic phase transitions(PPT) in ferroelectric Ba0.95Sr0.05ZrxTi(1-x)O3,)03 (BSZT, x= 0.01-0.10) ceramics synthesized by using a solid-state reaction method. The doping elements and composition ratios were selected to create adjoining PPT phase boundaries near room temperature, hence to achieve a broadened peak of piezoelectric performance with respect to composition. The temperature-composition phase diagram was constructed and the effects of PPT on the electromechanical and ferroelectric properties of the ceramics were investigated. It was revealed that the two adjacent PPT regions at room temperature showed different characteristics in property enhancement. However, due to the proximity of the phase boundaries, Ba0.95Sr0.05ZrxTi(1-x)O3 03 ceramics in a fairly broad range of compositions (0.02 <= x <= 0.07) showed excellent piezoelectric properties, including a large piezoelectric constant (312 pC/N <= d(33) <= 365 pC/N) and a high electromechanical coupling coefficient k(p) (0.42 <= kp <= 0.49). (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Yao; Cheng, Hongbo; Liu, Menglin; Zhang, Yunxiang; Ouyang, Jun] Shandong Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Key Lab Liquid Solid Struct Evolut & Proc Mat, Minist Educ, Jinan 250061, Peoples R China. [Li, Yao; Cheng, Hongbo; Liu, Menglin; Zhang, Yunxiang; Ouyang, Jun] Shandong Univ, Suzhou Inst, Suzhou 215123, Peoples R China. [Yan, Peng] Shandong Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Jinan 250061, Peoples R China. [Wang, Chunming] Shandong Univ, Sch Phys, Jinan 250010, Peoples R China. [Ouyang, Jun] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ouyang, J (reprint author), Shandong Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Key Lab Liquid Solid Struct Evolut & Proc Mat, Minist Educ, Jinan 250061, Peoples R China. EM ouyangjun@sdu.edu.cn FU NSFC of China [91122024, 61327003, 50902087]; NSFC of Shandong Province of China [ZR2012EMQ005, ZR2014EMM012]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (State Education Ministry); Nano Projects of Soochow City [ZXG201445]; fundamental research fund of Shandong University [2015JC034, 2015YQ009, 2016JC036]; Material Measurement Laboratory of NIST (USA); [2015JMRH0103] FX The authors acknowledge the financial support of the NSFC of China (Project Grant No. 91122024, No. 61327003 and No. 50902087), the NSFC of Shandong Province of China (Project Grant No. ZR2012EMQ005 and ZR2014EMM012), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (State Education Ministry), Nano Projects of Soochow City (Grant No. ZXG201445), the fundamental research fund of Shandong University (Grant No. 2015JC034, 2015YQ009 and 2016JC036), and a foundation under the Grant No. 2015JMRH0103. J. Ouyang would also like to thank the "Qi-Lu Young Scholar Fund" of Shandong University, and support from the Material Measurement Laboratory of NIST, Gaithersburg, MD (USA). NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 EI 1873-619X J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PD APR PY 2017 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1421 EP 1427 DI 10.1016/jjeurceramsoc.2016.11.030 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA EL2XB UT WOS:000394482700027 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Benito, J Teno, J Gonzalez-Gaitano, G Xu, S Chiang, MY AF Gonzalez-Benito, J. Teno, J. Gonzalez-Gaitano, G. Xu, S. Chiang, M. Y. TI PVDF/TiO2 nanocomposites prepared by solution blow spinning: Surface properties and their relation with S. Mutans adhesion SO POLYMER TESTING LA English DT Article DE PVDF; TiO2; Blow spinning; Nanocomposites; Cell adhesion ID CELL FORCE SPECTROSCOPY; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS BIOFILMS; POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE); TITANIA NANOPARTICLES; TIO2 NANOPARTICLES; BACTERIAL ADHESION; PVDF; SCAFFOLDS; MEMBRANE; FILMS AB Thermoplastic nanocomposite materials with potential bactericide properties were prepared and their surface properties and adhesion to Streptococcus mutans, S. mutans, were characterized. Solution blow spinning was successfully used to prepare films with a fiber-like structure on the surface of nano composites based on Polyvinylidene fluoride, PVDF, filled with well dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles. PVDF/TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared varying the nanoparticles content (0%, 1%, 2%, 5% and 10% by weight). In order to understand the influence of the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles and the final surface properties on the adhesion of S. mutans to the materials, a deep characterization was carried out focusing on the morphology, roughness, surface free energy from contact angle measurements and cell adhesion by single cell force spectroscopy. It was observed that the Uniform dispersion of the nanofiber arose from nanoparticles embedded in the polymer when fibers were created during the blow spinning process. TiO2 content influenced the topography of the films probably due to a direct effect on the solvent evaporation rate. Although this factor greatly conditioned the roughness of the samples and therefore the surface free energy, S. mutant adhesion on the substrates under study was concluded to be more dependent on the specific interactions with the surface polar groups of the material. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gonzalez-Benito, J.; Teno, J.] Univ Carlos III Madrid, IQMAAB, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madrid, Spain. [Gonzalez-Gaitano, G.] Univ Navarra, Fac Ciencias, Dept Quim, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain. [Xu, S.; Chiang, M. Y.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gonzalez-Benito, J (reprint author), Av Univ 30, Madrid 28911, Spain. EM javid@ing.uc3m.es FU Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [MAT2014-59116-C2]; The Ministerio de Educacion Cultura y Deporte of Spain in the frame of "Modalidad A del Programa de estancias de movilidad de profesores e investigadores en centros extranjeros de ensefianza superior e investigacion" [PR2015-00018] FX Authors gratefully acknowledge financial support of Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (grant number MAT2014-59116-C2). Furthermore, the authors greatly appreciate The Ministerio de Educacion Cultura y Deporte of Spain in the frame of "Modalidad A del Programa de estancias de movilidad de profesores e investigadores en centros extranjeros de ensefianza superior e investigacion" for granting the research proposal of Javier Gonzalez Benito (Ref.: PR2015-00018) to do short stay at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST (USA). NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9418 EI 1873-2348 J9 POLYM TEST JI Polym. Test PD APR PY 2017 VL 58 BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2016.12.005 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA EM8ZN UT WOS:000395600700004 ER PT J AU Yang, JC Hnetkovsky, E Rinehart, D Fernandez, M Gonzalez, F Borowsky, J AF Yang, Jiann C. Hnetkovsky, Edward Rinehart, Doris Fernandez, Marco Gonzalez, Felix Borowsky, Joseph TI Performance of metal and polymeric O-ring seals during beyond-design-basis thermal conditions SO POLYMER TESTING LA English DT Article DE Cask; Shipping package; Fires; Beyond-design-basis conditions; Seals; Spent fuels AB This paper summarizes the small scale thermal exposure test results of the performance of metallic and polymeric O-ring seals typically used in radioactive material transportation packages. Five different O ring materials were evaluated: Inconel/silver, ethylene-propylene diene monomer (EPDM), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), silicone, butyl, and Viton. The overall objective of this study is to provide test data and insights to the performance of these O-ring seals when exposed to beyond-design-basis temperature conditions due to a severe fire. Tests were conducted using a small-scale stainless steel pressure vessel pressurized with helium to 2 bar or 5 bar at room temperature. The vessel was then heated in an electric furnace to temperatures up to 900 degrees C for a pre-determined period (typically 8 h-9 h). The pressure drop technique was used to determine if leakage occurred during thermal exposure. Out of a total of 46 tests performed, leakage (loss of vessel pressure) was detected in 13 tests. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Yang, Jiann C.; Hnetkovsky, Edward; Rinehart, Doris; Fernandez, Marco] NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gonzalez, Felix; Borowsky, Joseph] US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Yang, JC (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jiann.yang@nist.gov FU agency of the U.S. Government FX This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the U.S. Government. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for any third party's use, or the results of such use, of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use by such third party would not infringe privately owned rights. The views expressed in this paper are not necessarily those of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9418 EI 1873-2348 J9 POLYM TEST JI Polym. Test PD APR PY 2017 VL 58 BP 135 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2016.12.011 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA EM8ZN UT WOS:000395600700016 ER PT J AU Choi, W Jeon, S Kwon, SJ Park, H Park, YI Nam, SE Lee, PS Lee, JS Choi, J Hong, S Chan, EP Lee, JH AF Choi, Wansuk Jeon, Sungkwon Kwon, Soon Jin Park, Hosik Park, You-In Nam, Seung-Eun Lee, Pyung Soo Lee, Jong Suk Choi, Jongmoon Hong, Seungkwan Chan, Edwin P. Lee, Jung-Hyun TI Thin film composite reverse osmosis membranes prepared via layered interfacial polymerization SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Molecular layer-by-layer; Interfacial polymerization; Polyamide thin film composite membrane; Reverse osmosis; Water desalination ID POLYAMIDE MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY; WATER DESALINATION; RO MEMBRANES; PERFORMANCE; NANOFILTRATION; SEPARATION; PERMEABILITY; PURIFICATION; TECHNOLOGY AB Reverse osmosis (RO) process using a thin-film composite (TFC) membrane is a current leading technology for water desalination. The polyamide permselective layer of the TFC membrane enables salt retention and water permeation, with the ultimate goal of minimizing the permselective layer thickness for maximum energy efficiency. Yet this drive towards reducing the permselective layer thickness is greatly handicapped by the interfacial polymerization (IP) approach used to fabricate TFC membranes. We present layered interfacial polymerization (LIP) as a new paradigm for fabricating TFC membranes with unprecedented nanoscale control in the permselective layer thickness and smoothness, coupled with the advantage of industrial scale manufacturability. Membranes fabricated using LIP demonstrated high NaCl rejection necessary for water desalination, with water permeance approximate to 86% and permselectivity approximate to 450% greater than that of the membranes prepared using conventional IP and comparable water permeance and permselectivity approximate to 17% higher than that of commercial RO membranes. In addition, the unique smooth morphology of the LIP-assembled membrane surface enabled to mitigate the membrane fouling compared to the characteristic rough surface of the conventional IP-assembled membrane. C1 [Choi, Wansuk; Jeon, Sungkwon; Kwon, Soon Jin; Lee, Jung-Hyun] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, 5-1 Anam Dong, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Park, Hosik; Park, You-In; Nam, Seung-Eun; Lee, Pyung Soo] Korea Res Inst Chem Technol, Ctr Membranes, Adv Mat Div, Daejeon 305600, South Korea. [Lee, Jong Suk] Sogang Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Seoul 121742, South Korea. [Choi, Jongmoon; Hong, Seungkwan] Korea Univ, Sch Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, 5-1 Anam Dong, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Chan, Edwin P.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, 5-1 Anam Dong, Seoul 136713, South Korea.; Chan, EP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edwin.chan@nist.gov; leejhyyy@korea.ac.kr FU Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [2016R1D1A1B03933552]; Fundamental R&D Program for Technology of World Premier Materials - Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Republic of Korea [10037794]; Korean Ministry of Environment as "Global Top Project" [2016002100007] FX This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2016R1D1A1B03933552), by the Fundamental R&D Program for Technology of World Premier Materials funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Republic of Korea (10037794) and by Korean Ministry of Environment as "Global Top Project (2016002100007)". Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 EI 1873-3123 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD APR 1 PY 2017 VL 527 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.12.066 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA EK8SP UT WOS:000394195000014 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Levine, LE Allen, AJ Campbell, CE Lass, EA Cheruvathur, S Stoudt, MR Williams, ME Idell, Y AF Zhang, Fan Levine, Lyle E. Allen, Andrew J. Campbell, Carelyn E. Lass, Eric A. Cheruvathur, Sudha Stoudt, Mark R. Williams, Maureen E. Idell, Yaakov TI Homogenization kinetics of a nickel-based superalloy produced by powder bed fusion laser sintering SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Additive manufacturing; Homogenization kinetics; Microstructure; In situ synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering; Thermodynamics ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; PHOTON-CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; IN-SITU; HEAT-TREATMENT; INCONEL 718; MICROSTRUCTURE; COMPONENTS; MOBILITY AB Additively manufactured (AM) metal components often exhibit fine dendritic microstructures and elemental segregation due to the initial rapid solidification and subsequent melting and cooling during the build process, which without homogenization would adversely affect materials performance. In this letter, we report in situ observation of the homogenization kinetics of an AM nickel-based superalloy using synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering. The identified kinetic time scale is in good agreement with thermodynamic diffusion simulation predictions using microstructural dimensions acquired by ex situ scanning electron microscopy. These findings could serve as a recipe for predicting, observing, and validating homogenization treatments in AM materials. (C) 2017 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Fan; Levine, Lyle E.; Allen, Andrew J.; Campbell, Carelyn E.; Lass, Eric A.; Cheruvathur, Sudha; Stoudt, Mark R.; Williams, Maureen E.; Idell, Yaakov] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, F (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fan.zhang@nist.gov FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The Engineering Laboratory at NIST built the IN625 samples used in this study. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD APR 1 PY 2017 VL 131 BP 98 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.12.037 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA EL2UU UT WOS:000394476600023 ER PT J AU Marshall, KN Kaplan, IC Hodgson, EE Hermann, A Busch, DS Mcelhany, P Essington, TE Harvey, CJ Fulton, EA AF Marshall, Kristin N. Kaplan, Isaac C. Hodgson, Emma E. Hermann, Albert Busch, D. Shallin Mcelhany, Paul Essington, Timothy E. Harvey, Chris J. Fulton, Elizabeth A. TI Risks of ocean acidification in the California Current food web and fisheries: ecosystem model projections SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California Current; climate change; ecosystem model; fisheries; ocean acidification; risk assessment ID LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; AIR-SEA FLUXES; TO-END MODELS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; STOCK ASSESSMENT; PART I; MANAGEMENT AB The benefits and ecosystem services that humans derive from the oceans are threatened by numerous global change stressors, one of which is ocean acidification. Here, we describe the effects of ocean acidification on an upwelling system that already experiences inherently low pH conditions, the California Current. We used an end-to-end ecosystem model (Atlantis), forced by downscaled global climate models and informed by a meta-analysis of the pH sensitivities of local taxa, to investigate the direct and indirect effects of future pH on biomass and fisheries revenues. Our model projects a 0.2-unit drop in pH during the summer upwelling season from 2013 to 2063, which results in wide-ranging magnitudes of effects across guilds and functional groups. The most dramatic direct effects of future pH may be expected on epibenthic invertebrates (crabs, shrimps, benthic grazers, benthic detritivores, bivalves), and strong indirect effects expected on some demersal fish, sharks, and epibenthic invertebrates (Dungeness crab) because they consume species known to be sensitive to changing pH. The model's pelagic community, including marine mammals and seabirds, was much less influenced by future pH. Some functional groups were less affected to changing pH in the model than might be expected from experimental studies in the empirical literature due to high population productivity (e.g., copepods, pteropods). Model results suggest strong effects of reduced pH on nearshore state-managed invertebrate fisheries, but modest effects on the groundfish fishery because individual groundfish species exhibited diverse responses to changing pH. Our results provide a set of projections that generally support and build upon previous findings and set the stage for hypotheses to guide future modeling and experimental analysis on the effects of OA on marine ecosystems and fisheries. C1 [Marshall, Kristin N.; Kaplan, Isaac C.; Mcelhany, Paul; Harvey, Chris J.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hodgson, Emma E.; Essington, Timothy E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hermann, Albert] NOAA Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hermann, Albert] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, 3737 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Busch, D. Shallin] NOAA, Ocean Acidificat Program, Ocean & Atmospher Res, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Busch, D. Shallin] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Fulton, Elizabeth A.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Marshall, KN (reprint author), Cascade Ecol LLC, POB 25104, Seattle, WA 98165 USA. EM kmarsh2@gmail.com FU 'Vulnerability assessment of California Current Food Webs and Economics to Ocean Acidification', from the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; National Research Council at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX This work was funded by a grant 'Vulnerability assessment of California Current Food Webs and Economics to Ocean Acidification', from the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program and the National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. KNM was supported by a fellowship from the National Research Council at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 19 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2017 VL 23 IS 4 BP 1525 EP 1539 DI 10.1111/gcb.13594 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EO6XW UT WOS:000396836800014 PM 28078785 ER PT J AU Pulver, JR AF Pulver, J. R. TI Sink or swim? Factors affecting immediate discard mortality for the gulf of Mexico commercial reef fish fishery SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Discard mortality; Reef fish; Grouper; Snapper; Barotrauma; Logistic regression ID RELEASE MORTALITY; RED SNAPPER; SURVIVAL; BAROTRAUMA; RECAPTURE; CAUGHT; COAST AB Fishery observer data collected from June 2006 through December 2015 in the Gulf of Mexico commercial reef fish fishery were examined to determine if any covariates available affected immediate discard mortality for six species: red grouper Epinephelus morio, red snapper Lutjanus campechanus, vermilion snapper Rhomboplites aurorubens, gag grouper Mycteroperca microlepis, scamp grouper Mycteroperca phenax, and speckled hind Epinephelus drummondhayi. Using logistic regression models, this study predicted immediate discard mortality was positively correlated with increased depths, seasons associated with warmer water temperatures, and external evidence of barotrauma. Additionally, bottom longline gear increased the predicted probability of immediate mortality compared to vertical line gear for all species except vermilion snapper. Air bladder venting significantly decreased the predicted probability of immediate mortality for all species except speckled hind. Future research incorporating tag-recapture data into the current observer program for the commercial reef fish fishery is vital to assess if condition assessment at release can be relied on as an accurate proxy for long-term survival. This research provides information that managers could potentially use to make more informed decisions when implementing measures such as changes to existing size limits, venting requirements, and seasonal, area, or gear restrictions intended to reduce unwanted discard mortality. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pulver, J. R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Galveston Lab, 4700 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Pulver, JR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Galveston Lab, 4700 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. EM jeff.pulver@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD APR PY 2017 VL 188 BP 166 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.12.018 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EK7AG UT WOS:000394077100017 ER PT J AU Li, XD Grasley, ZC Bullard, JW Garboczi, EJ AF Li, Xiaodan Grasley, Zachary C. Bullard, Jeffrey W. Garboczi, Edward J. TI Irreversible desiccation shrinkage of cement paste caused by cement grain dissolution and hydrate precipitation SO MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Microstructure; Shrinkage; Cement paste; Modeling; Dissolution ID CALCIUM SILICATE PASTES; DRYING SHRINKAGE; PORTLAND-CEMENT; CREEP; APPARENT AB When cementitious materials are dried, internal stresses are generated that lead to desiccation shrinkage, a portion of which is irreversible. Previous research has indicated that, while a cementitious composite is subjected to a state of stress, dissolution of cement grains and precipitation of hydrates can yield irreversible creep strains, and it is hypothesized that the same process can lead to irreversible shrinkage during drying. To evaluate this hypothesis, a computationally implemented model integrating a microstructural evolution model with a finite element calculation routine was utilized. This computationally implemented model is capable of predicting the magnitude of shrinkage deformation of cement paste during drying conditions as a result of cement grain dissolution and hydrate precipitation. From the simulation results, the mechanism of cement grain dissolution and hydrate precipitation can lead to significant shrinkage behavior of cement paste, and it is also a potential mechanism resulting in the irreversible component of desiccation shrinkage at early ages (e.g., while the hydration rate is significant). The predicted irreversible shrinkage decreases with the age at which drying is initiated as a result of the decreasing hydration reaction rate. C1 [Li, Xiaodan; Grasley, Zachary C.] Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bullard, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Garboczi, Edward J.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Grasley, ZC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM xiaodanl@tamu.edu; zgrasley@tamu.edu; jeffrey.bullard@nist.gov; edward.garboczi@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [0843979, 1327314] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant numbers 0843979 and 1327314. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1359-5997 EI 1871-6873 J9 MATER STRUCT JI Mater. Struct. PD APR PY 2017 VL 50 IS 2 AR 104 DI 10.1617/s11527-016-0974-6 PG 14 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA EK9YY UT WOS:000394281100004 ER PT J AU Sisco, E Najarro, M Samarov, D Lawrence, J AF Sisco, Edward Najarro, Marcela Samarov, Daniel Lawrence, Jeffrey TI Quantifying the stability of trace explosives under different environmental conditions using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE Trace explosives; Mass spectrometry; Degradation; Environmental stability ID DEGRADATION; DECOMPOSITION; OXIDATION; OZONE; TNT; RDX AB This work investigates the stability of trace (tens of nanograms) deposits of six explosives: erythritol tetranitrate (ETN), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), and 2,4,6-trinitrophenylmethylnitramine (tetryl) to determine environmental stabilities and lifetimes of trace level materials. Explosives were inkjet printed directly onto substrates and exposed to one of seven environmental conditions (Laboratory, 4 degrees C, 30 degrees C, 47 degrees C, 90% relative humidity, UV light, and ozone) up to 42 days. Throughout the study, samples were extracted and quantified using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to determine the stability of the explosive as a function of time and environmental exposure. Statistical models were then fit to the data and used for pairwise comparisons of the environments. Stability was found to be exposure and compound dependent with minimal sample losses observed for HMX, RDX, and PETN while substantial and rapid losses were observed in all conditions except -4 degrees C for ETN and TNT and in all conditions for tetryl. The results of this work highlight the potential fate of explosive traces when exposed to various environments. C1 [Sisco, Edward; Najarro, Marcela; Lawrence, Jeffrey] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Samarov, Daniel] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sisco, E (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edward.sisco@nist.gov FU Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate [HSHQPM-14-X-00098]; NIST FX This work was partially supported by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate, under Interagency Agreement HSHQPM-14-X-00098 with NIST. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 EI 1873-3573 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD APR 1 PY 2017 VL 165 BP 10 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.12.029 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA EK6VS UT WOS:000394064700002 PM 28153227 ER PT J AU D'Amore, M Wilson, PF Li, EP Yin, WY AF D'Amore, Marcello Wilson, Perry F. Li, Er-Ping Yin, Wen-Yan TI Special Issue on EMC in the Near-Field: Theory, Measurements, and Applications Foreword SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [D'Amore, Marcello] Sapienza Univ Rome, Fac Engn, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Wilson, Perry F.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Li, Er-Ping; Yin, Wen-Yan] Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP D'Amore, M (reprint author), Sapienza Univ Rome, Fac Engn, I-00185 Rome, Italy. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 EI 1558-187X J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD APR PY 2017 VL 59 IS 2 SI SI BP 554 EP 556 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2016.2641538 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA EM6TL UT WOS:000395445000001 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, R Maxwell, S Johnson, BC Chapsky, L Lee, RAM Pollock, R AF Rosenberg, Robert Maxwell, Stephen Johnson, B. Carol Chapsky, Lars Lee, Richard A. M. Pollock, Randy TI Preflight Radiometric Calibration of Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Integrating sphere; Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2); radiometry; remote sensing AB The imaging spectrometers of the second orbiting carbon observatory were radiometrically calibrated before launch during instrumentlevel ground testing. The gain and dark responses were characterized for each focal plane array detector element. An integrating sphere source with an integrated monitoring spectroradiometer illuminated the OCO-2 spectrometers at many light levels. Instrument output was compared with the calibrated output of the source to derive gain coefficients. This source was calibrated in situ with respect to the National Institute of Standards and Technology reference standards, and the instrument met its absolute performance requirement of 5%. Matching fields of view for the internal monitor detectors and the external instrument under test was found to be particularly important, as observed in the results and supported by modeling. Temperature-dependent dark offsets were corrected in a separate process. Solar spectra with varying neutral density filters were used to validate the linearity of the spectrometers. C1 [Rosenberg, Robert; Chapsky, Lars; Lee, Richard A. M.; Pollock, Randy] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Maxwell, Stephen; Johnson, B. Carol] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rosenberg, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Rob.Rosenberg@jpl.nasa.gov FU NIST Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Measurements program FX A portion of the research described in this paper was carried out at JPL, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Support was also provided by the NIST Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Measurements program. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2017 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1994 EP 2006 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2634023 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EO0NN UT WOS:000396394900012 ER PT J AU Ivic, IR AF Ivic, Igor R. TI Phase Code to Mitigate the Copolar Correlation Coefficient Bias in PPAR Weather Radar SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Phase coding; phased array radar (PAR); radar polarimetry; radar signal processing; weather radar ID POLARIMETRIC COVARIANCE-MATRIX; ARRAY RADAR; POLARIZATION; PRECIPITATION; ANTENNA; SIGNALS; PLANAR AB One of the main challenges to the use of phased array radar for weather observations is the implementation of dual polarization with acceptable levels of cross-polar fields induced by the antenna. For example, to achieve acceptable differential reflectivity bias (i.e., less than 0.1 dB) using simultaneous transmission and reception of horizontally and vertically polarized waves, the isolation between coaxial cross-polar and copolar beams needs to be in excess of 50 dB. This presents a formidable challenge, because sufficient isolation cannot be achieved at an affordable price by the antenna hardware alone. Hence, additional approaches are required to reduce the differential reflectivity bias due to cross-polar fields. One proposed technique is a 180 degrees pulse-to-pulse phase change of signals injected in either the horizontal or vertical ports of the transmission elements. This approach mitigates the differential reflectivity bias but may increase the bias of the copolar correlation coefficient estimates and, in some cases, the bias of the differential phase estimates. Herein, a modified phase code is proposed, which maintains the differential reflectivity bias suppression but reduces the copolar correlation coefficient and differential phase bias with respect to the originally proposed phase code. C1 [Ivic, Igor R.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Ivic, IR (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM igor.ivic@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX This work was supported by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement #NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2017 VL 55 IS 4 BP 2144 EP 2166 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2637720 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EO0NN UT WOS:000396394900024 ER PT J AU Li, CY Li, XF Zhang, GS Boswell, KM Kimball, ME Shen, DL Lin, J AF Li, Chunyan Li, Xiaofeng Zhang, Guosheng Boswell, Kevin M. Kimball, Matthew E. Shen, Dongliang Lin, Jun TI Estuarine Plume: A Case Study by Satellite SAR Observations and In Situ Measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; sea coast; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; RIVER PLUME; OUTFLOW PLUME; FRONTS; SEA; LOUISIANA; EDDIES; WIND AB Estuary plumes on the western Louisiana continental shelf in the Gulf of Mexico, outside of constricted channels of the Sabine and Calcasieu Lakes were observed on two RADARSAT-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The in situ data showed a change in salinity of similar to 2-3 PSUs across the front on the northwest edge of the plume, corresponding to locations of vertical salinity variation of 5.5-7.5 PSU. Velocity magnitude outside of the inlet reached more than 2.3 ms(-1) seaward and a brackish lens in the upper 4.5 m of the water column, the spread of which contributed to the development of a plume. The volume of brackish water within the plume was estimated an order of magnitude larger than the volume output from the Calcasieu River within an entire ebb tidal period. This implies that the plume was formed during multiple tidal cycles and it sustained during the flood tides because only weak diurnal tides exist. Both satellite and in situ observations showed an interesting western intensification of the plume. An analysis to the momentum/vorticity equations suggests that the western intensification is due to the asymmetry of the vorticity-divergence relationship under the Coriolis force. This can also be enhanced by an ambient coastal current that strengthens the convergence at the front. Estuary plumes are shown as bright and dark features in two SAR images. Results from a radar model simulation and in situ water temperature data showed that the SAR observed plume features were dominated by the water temperature differences. C1 [Li, Chunyan] Zhejiang Ocean Univ, Zhoushan 316022, Peoples R China. [Li, Chunyan] Zhejiang Marine Dev Inst, Zhoushan 316022, Peoples R China. [Li, Chunyan] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, GST, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20770 USA. [Zhang, Guosheng; Shen, Dongliang; Lin, Jun] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Coll Marine Sci, Shanghai 201306, Peoples R China. [Boswell, Kevin M.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33181 USA. [Kimball, Matthew E.] Univ South Carolina, Baruch Marine Field Lab, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, GST, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20770 USA. EM xiaofeng.li@noaa.gov RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority; Water Institute of the Gulf [2503-13-55]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for GCOOS/WAVCIS [NA11NOS0120024]; NGOMEX Program [NA09NOS4780204] FX This work was supported in part by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority, the Water Institute of the Gulf under Contract 2503-13-55, in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for GCOOS/WAVCIS under Grant NA11NOS0120024, and in part by the NGOMEX09 Program under Grant NA09NOS4780204. (Corresponding author: Xiaofeng Li.) NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2017 VL 55 IS 4 BP 2276 EP 2287 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2641161 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EO0NN UT WOS:000396394900034 ER PT J AU Umeyama, AY Torres, SM Cheong, BL AF Umeyama, Arturo Y. Torres, Sebastian M. Cheong, Boon Leng TI Bootstrap Dual-Polarimetric Spectral Density Estimator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Bootstrap; polarimetric spectral density; spectral estimation; weather radar ID MOBILE DOPPLER RADAR; WEATHER RADAR; TORNADO; POLARIZATION; SUPERCELL; VARIABLES; QUALITY AB Weather radar variables provide useful information about the characteristics and motion of hydrometeors. However, the bulk information may be masked, when the meteorological signal of interest is contaminated by clutter. The dual-polarimetric spectral densities (DPSDs) may unveil additional information about the polarimetric characteristics of the groups of scatterers moving at different Doppler velocities in a given radar resolution volume. Previous DPSD estimation methods required averaging a large number of spectra (obtained from different spatial locations or times), or averaging in frequency to get accurate estimates; though by doing so, the resolution is degraded, and the important features of the meteorological phenomenon may be masked. In an attempt to overcome these limitations, the Bootstrap DPSD estimator is proposed, which allows the estimation of DPSDs from a single dwell with minimal spatial, temporal, or spectral resolution loss. The performance and the limitations of the Bootstrap and conventional DPSD estimators are assessed when identifying signals with different polarimetric signatures of scatterers moving at different radial velocities in the radar volume. The advantages of the Bootstrap DPSD estimator as a tool for the polarimetric spectral analysis are demonstrated with a few examples of polarimetric spectral signatures in data from tornado cases. It is expected that, with the Bootstrap DPSD and the polarimetric spectral analysis, it will be possible to better understand tornado dynamics and their connection to weather radar measurements, as well as to elucidate important scientific questions that motivated this paper. C1 [Umeyama, Arturo Y.; Torres, Sebastian M.; Cheong, Boon Leng] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Umeyama, Arturo Y.; Torres, Sebastian M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Torres, Sebastian M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Torres, Sebastian M.] NOAA, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Umeyama, AY (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA.; Umeyama, AY (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM aumeyama@ou.edu FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1303685] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant AGS-1303685. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2017 VL 55 IS 4 BP 2299 EP 2312 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2641385 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EO0NN UT WOS:000396394900036 ER PT J AU Shakeel, H Agah, M AF Shakeel, Hamza Agah, Masoud TI High density semipacked separation columns with optimized atomic layer deposited phases SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE Micro gas chromatography; Separation column; Stationary phase; Atomic layer deposition ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY SYSTEM; PROTECTED GOLD NANOPARTICLES; STATIONARY-PHASE; MICROFABRICATED CHANNELS; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; HIGH-SPEED; MICRO; FABRICATION; GC; DESIGN AB This paper reports the development of a new class of high-performance microfabricated separation columns called high-density semi-packed columns (HDSPCs). These columns are realized by using a meter long and 145 pm-wide silicon microchannel design with embedded circular micropillars (15 mu m diameters) and 5 m post spacing (perpendicular to the gas flow). The HDSPCs are coated using our previously developed atomic layer deposition (ALD) based aluminium oxide and silane functionalized thin adsorbent film. Moreover, in this study we optimize both ALD deposition temperature (100 degrees C, 150 degrees C, 250 degrees C and 300 degrees C) and film thickness (10 nm, 20 nm and 30 nm) using different chromatographic parameters (plate number, peak-to-peak resolution, and separation factor). Additionally, the thermodynamic characteristics of these silane functionalized/ALD films are also studied using Van't Hoff plots. These columns with optimized stationary phases are able to provide approximate to 8000 effective plates/meter and successfully separate a custom made hydrocarbon sample mixture with high peak-to-peak resolution. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Agah, Masoud] Virginia Tech, VT MEMS Lab, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Shakeel, Hamza] Univ Maryland, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shakeel, Hamza] Univ Maryland, JQI, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Agah, M (reprint author), Virginia Tech, VT MEMS Lab, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM agah@vt.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [ECCS-1002279]; National Institute of Occupational Safety and Hazards (NIOSH) Grant [5R21OH010330] FX This research has been supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Award no. ECCS-1002279 and National Institute of Occupational Safety and Hazards (NIOSH) Grant 5R21OH010330. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD APR PY 2017 VL 242 BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2016.11.046 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA EJ5ON UT WOS:000393267700027 ER PT J AU Jones, TA Koch, S Li, ZL AF Jones, Thomas A. Koch, Steven Li, Zhenglong TI Assimilating synthetic hyperspectral sounder temperature and humidity retrievals to improve severe weather forecasts SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hyperspectral sounders; Ensemble data assimilation; Storm-scale data assimilation; OSSE ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; SYSTEM SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; EXPLICIT FORECASTS; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; PART I; IMPACT; AIRS; RADIANCE; IMPLEMENTATION AB Assimilation of hyperspectral sounder data into numerical weather prediction (NWP) models has provenvital to generating accurate model analyses of tropospheric temperature and humidity where few conventional observations exist. Applications to storm-scale models are limited since the low temporal resolution provided by polar orbiting sensors cannot adequately sample rapidly changing environments associated with high impact weather events. To address this limitation, hyperspectral sounders have been proposed for geostationary orbiting satellites, but these have yet to be built and launched in part due to much higher engineering costs and a lack of a definite requirement for the data. This study uses an Observation System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) approach to simulate temperature and humidity profiles from a hypothetical geostationary-based sounder from a nature run of a high impact weather event on 20 May 2013. The simulated observations are then assimilated using an ensemble adjustment Kalman filter approach, testing both hourly and 15 minute cycling to determine their relative effectiveness at improving the near storm environment Results indicate that assimilating both temperature and humidity profiles reduced mid-tropospheric both mean and standard deviation of analysis and forecast errors compared to assimilating conventional observations alone. The 15 minute cycling generally produced the lowest errors while also generating the best 2-4 hour updraft helicity forecasts of ongoing convection. This study indicates the potential for significant improvement in short-term forecasting of severe storms from the assimilation of hyperspectral geostationary satellite data. However, more studies are required using improved OSSE designs encompassing multiple storm environments and additional observation types such as radar reflectivity to fully define the effectiveness of assimilating geostationary hyperspectral observations for high impact weather forecasting applications. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jones, Thomas A.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Jones, Thomas A.; Koch, Steven] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Li, Zhenglong] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. RP Jones, TA (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM Thomas.Jones@noaa.gov FU US Weather Research Program within NOAA/OAR Office of Weather and Air Quality; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOM-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX We thank the journal reviewers for their thoughtful and insightful comments. This material is based upon work supported by the US Weather Research Program within NOAA/OAR Office of Weather and Air Quality. Partial funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOM-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement #NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD APR 1 PY 2017 VL 186 BP 9 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.11.004 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EI5TM UT WOS:000392557700002 ER PT J AU Marvel, JA Norcross, R AF Marvel, Jeremy A. Norcross, Rick TI Implementing speed and separation monitoring in collaborative robot workcells SO ROBOTICS AND COMPUTER-INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE Robot safety; Speed and separation monitoring ID SAFETY ASSESSMENT; ENVIRONMENTS; MOTION AB We provide an overview and guidance for the speed and separation monitoring methodology as presented in the International Organization of Standardization's technical specification 15066 on collaborative robot safety. Such functionality is provided by external, intelligent observer systems integrated into a robotic workcell. The SSM minimum protective distance function equation is discussed in detail, with consideration for the input values, implementation specifications, and performance expectations. We provide analytical analyses and test results of the current equation, discuss considerations for implementing SSM in human-occupied environments, and provide directions for technological advancements toward standardization. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Marvel, Jeremy A.; Norcross, Rick] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marvel, JA (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeremy.marvel@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 30 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0736-5845 EI 1879-2537 J9 ROBOT CIM-INT MANUF JI Robot. Comput.-Integr. Manuf. PD APR PY 2017 VL 44 BP 144 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.rcim.2016.08.001 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA EF1IN UT WOS:000390078600011 PM 27885312 ER PT J AU Pecl, GT Araujo, MB Bell, JD Blanchard, J Bonebrake, TC Chen, IC Clark, TD Colwell, RK Danielsen, F Evengard, B Falconi, L Ferrier, S Frusher, S Garcia, RA Griffis, RB Hobday, AJ Janion-Scheepers, C Jarzyna, MA Jennings, S Lenoir, J Linnetved, HI Martin, VY McCormack, PC McDonald, J Mitchell, NJ Mustonen, T Pandolfi, JM Pettorelli, N Popova, E Robinson, SA Scheffers, BR Shaw, JD Sorte, CJB Strugnell, JM Sunday, JM Tuanmu, MN Verges, A Villanueva, C Wernberg, T Wapstra, E Williams, SE AF Pecl, Gretta T. Araujo, Miguel B. Bell, Johann D. Blanchard, Julia Bonebrake, Timothy C. Chen, I-Ching Clark, Timothy D. Colwell, Robert K. Danielsen, Finn Evengard, Birgitta Falconi, Lorena Ferrier, Simon Frusher, Stewart Garcia, Raquel A. Griffis, Roger B. Hobday, Alistair J. Janion-Scheepers, Charlene Jarzyna, Marta A. Jennings, Sarah Lenoir, Jonathan Linnetved, Hlif I. Martin, Victoria Y. McCormack, Phillipa C. McDonald, Jan Mitchell, Nicola J. Mustonen, Tero Pandolfi, John M. Pettorelli, Nathalie Popova, Ekaterina Robinson, Sharon A. Scheffers, Brett R. Shaw, Justine D. Sorte, Cascade J. B. Strugnell, Jan M. Sunday, Jennifer M. Tuanmu, Mao-Ning Verges, Adriana Villanueva, Cecilia Wernberg, Thomas Wapstra, Erik Williams, Stephen E. TI Biodiversity redistribution under climate change: Impacts on ecosystems and human well-being SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID RANGE SHIFTS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; EXTINCTION RISK; EMPIRICAL-EVIDENCE; ARCTIC VEGETATION; FISH COMMUNITIES; NORTH-AMERICAN; FOOD SECURITY; RESPONSES; MALARIA AB Distributions of Earth's species are changing at accelerating rates, increasingly driven by human-mediated climate change. Such changes are already altering the composition of ecological communities, but beyond conservation of natural systems, how and why does this matter? We review evidence that climate-driven species redistribution at regional to global scales affects ecosystem functioning, human well-being, and the dynamics of climate change itself. Production of natural resources required for food security, patterns of disease transmission, and processes of carbon sequestration are all altered by changes in species distribution. Consideration of these effects of biodiversity redistribution is critical yet lacking in most mitigation and adaptation strategies, including the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals. C1 [Pecl, Gretta T.; Blanchard, Julia; Clark, Timothy D.; Frusher, Stewart; Villanueva, Cecilia] Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Pecl, Gretta T.; Blanchard, Julia; Frusher, Stewart; Hobday, Alistair J.; Jennings, Sarah; McDonald, Jan; Villanueva, Cecilia] Ctr Marine Socioecol, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Araujo, Miguel B.] CSIC, Dept Biogeog & Global Change, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Madrid 28006, Spain. [Araujo, Miguel B.] Univ Evora, Ctr Invest Biodiversidade & Recursos Genet, P-7000890 Evora, Portugal. [Araujo, Miguel B.; Colwell, Robert K.] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Macroecol Evolut & Climate, Dept Biol, Univ Pk 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Bell, Johann D.] Univ Wollongong, Australian Natl Ctr Ocean Resources & Secur, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Bell, Johann D.] Conservat Int, Betty & Gordon Moore Ctr Sci & Oceans, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Bonebrake, Timothy C.] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Chen, I-Ching] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Life Sci, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Clark, Timothy D.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org CSIRO Agr & Food, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. [Colwell, Robert K.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Colwell, Robert K.] Univ Colorado, Museum Nat Hist, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Colwell, Robert K.] Univ Fed Goias, Dept Ecol, CP 131, BR-74001970 Goiania, Go, Brazil. [Danielsen, Finn] NORDECO, DK-1159 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Evengard, Birgitta] Umea Univ, Dept Clin Microbiol, Div Infect Dis, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Falconi, Lorena; Williams, Stephen E.] James Cook Univ, Coll Marine & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Ferrier, Simon] CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Garcia, Raquel A.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Stat Sci, Ctr Stat Ecol Environm & Conservat, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. [Garcia, Raquel A.] Univ Stellenbosch, Fac Sci, Dept Bot & Zool, Ctr Invas Biol, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. [Griffis, Roger B.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20912 USA. [Hobday, Alistair J.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. [Janion-Scheepers, Charlene] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Jarzyna, Marta A.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Jennings, Sarah] Univ Tasmania, Tasmanian Sch Business & Econ, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Lenoir, Jonathan] Univ Picardie Jules Verne, EDYSAN, CNRS, FRE 3498, F-80037 Amiens 1, France. [Linnetved, Hlif I.] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Sci, Inst Food & Resource Econ, Rolighedsvej 25, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Martin, Victoria Y.] Southern Cross Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia. [McCormack, Phillipa C.; McDonald, Jan] Univ Tasmania, Fac Law, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Mitchell, Nicola J.; Wernberg, Thomas] Univ Western Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Mustonen, Tero] Univ Eastern Finland, Snowchange Cooperat, FIN-80100 Joensuu, Finland. [Pandolfi, John M.] Univ Queensland, Autralian Res Council ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Re, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Pettorelli, Nathalie] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, Regents Pk, London NW1 4RY, England. [Popova, Ekaterina] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Waterfront Campus,European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Robinson, Sharon A.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Sustainable Ecosyst Solut, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Scheffers, Brett R.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Shaw, Justine D.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Sorte, Cascade J. B.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Strugnell, Jan M.] James Cook Univ, Coll Sci & Engn, Ctr Sustainable Trop Fisheries & Aquaculture, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Strugnell, Jan M.] La Trobe Univ, Sch Life Sci, Dept Ecol Environm & Evolut, Melbourne, Vic 3086, Australia. [Sunday, Jennifer M.] Univ British Columbia, Biodivers Res Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Tuanmu, Mao-Ning] Acad Sinica, Biodivers Res Ctr, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Verges, Adriana] Univ New South Wales, Ctr Marine Bioinnovat, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Verges, Adriana] Univ New South Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Evolut & Ecol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Wernberg, Thomas] Univ Western Australia, Oceans Inst, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Wapstra, Erik] Univ Tasmania, Sch Biol Sci, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Pecl, GT (reprint author), Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.; Pecl, GT (reprint author), Ctr Marine Socioecol, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. EM gretta.pecl@utas.edu.au OI Bastos Araujo, Miguel/0000-0002-5107-7265 FU ARC Future Fellowships [FT140100596, FT110100597, FT110100174]; South African National Research Foundation [KIC 98457, Blue Skies 449888]; Yale Climate and Energy Institute; WAPEAT (Finnish Academy) Project [263465]; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; ARC [DP130100250, DP150101491, DP110101714]; University of Tasmania; IMAS; NOAA Fisheries Service; CSIRO; National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility Natural Ecosystems Network; Ian Potter Foundation; Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre; ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions FX We thank the attendees of the international Species on the Move conference held in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, in February 2016. G.T.P., E.W., and T.W. were supported by ARC Future Fellowships (FT140100596, FT110100597, and FT110100174, respectively). R.A.G.'s participation was made possible by the South African National Research Foundation (KIC 98457 and Blue Skies 449888). M.A.J. was funded by Yale Climate and Energy Institute. T.M.'s participation was supported by the WAPEAT (Finnish Academy 263465) Project. J.M.P. was funded by the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and ARC DP130100250, J.M.St. was supported by ARC DP150101491, and S.A.R. was funded by ARC DP110101714. B.E. was supported by Nordforsk. A. Cooper [Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS)] assisted with the figures. The workshop and conference leading to this paper were supported by the University of Tasmania, IMAS, NOAA Fisheries Service, CSIRO, National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility Natural Ecosystems Network, the Ian Potter Foundation, the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, and the ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions. NR 117 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 31 PY 2017 VL 355 IS 6332 BP 1389 EP + AR eaai9214 DI 10.1126/science.aai9214 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EQ1DL UT WOS:000397809500032 ER PT J AU Gill, DA Mascia, MB Ahmadia, GN Glew, L Lester, SE Barnes, M Craigie, I Darling, ES Free, CM Geldmann, J Holst, S Jensen, OP White, AT Basurto, X Coad, L Gates, RD Guannel, G Mumby, PJ Thomas, H Whitmee, S Woodley, S Fox, HE AF Gill, David A. Mascia, Michael B. Ahmadia, Gabby N. Glew, Louise Lester, Sarah E. Barnes, Megan Craigie, Ian Darling, Emily S. Free, Christopher M. Geldmann, Jonas Holst, Susie Jensen, Olaf P. White, Alan T. Basurto, Xavier Coad, Lauren Gates, Ruth D. Guannel, Greg Mumby, Peter J. Thomas, Hannah Whitmee, Sarah Woodley, Stephen Fox, Helen E. TI Capacity shortfalls hinder the performance of marine protected areas globally SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; RESERVES; MANAGEMENT; SCIENCE AB Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly being used globally to conserve marine resources. However, whether many MPAs are being effectively and equitably managed, and how MPA management influences substantive outcomes remain unknown. We developed a global database of management and fish population data (433 and 218 MPAs, respectively) to assess: MPA management processes; the effects of MPAs on fish populations; and relationships between management processes and ecological effects. Here we report that many MPAs failed to meet thresholds for effective and equitable management processes, with widespread shortfalls in staff and financial resources. Although 71% of MPAs positively influenced fish populations, these conservation impacts were highly variable. Staff and budget capacity were the strongest predictors of conservation impact: MPAs with adequate staff capacity had ecological effects 2.9 times greater than MPAs with inadequate capacity. Thus, continued global expansion of MPAs without adequate investment in human and financial capacity is likely to lead to sub-optimal conservation outcomes. C1 [Gill, David A.] Natl Socioenvironm Synth Ctr SESYNC, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Gill, David A.] World Wildlife Fund Int, Luc Hoffmann Inst, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. [Mascia, Michael B.] Conservat Int, Moore Ctr Sci, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Ahmadia, Gabby N.; Glew, Louise; Fox, Helen E.] World Wildlife Fund US, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Lester, Sarah E.] Florida State Univ, Dept Geog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Barnes, Megan] Univ Queensland, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat Sci, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Barnes, Megan] Univ Hawaii, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Craigie, Ian] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Darling, Emily S.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Free, Christopher M.; Jensen, Olaf P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Geldmann, Jonas] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Conservat Sci Grp, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Geldmann, Jonas] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr Macroecol Evolut & Climate, Univ Pk 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen E, Denmark. [Holst, Susie] NOAA, Coral Reef Conservat Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [White, Alan T.] Nature Conservancy, Indo Pacific Div, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. [Basurto, Xavier] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Coad, Lauren] Univ Oxford, Environm Change Inst, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. [Coad, Lauren] Ctr Int Forestry Res, Bogor 16115, Barat, Indonesia. [Gates, Ruth D.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Guannel, Greg] Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Mumby, Peter J.] Univ Queensland, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Mumby, Peter J.] Univ Queensland, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Thomas, Hannah] UNEP World Conservat Monitoring Ctr, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England. [Whitmee, Sarah] UCL, CBER, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Woodley, Stephen] IUCN, WCPA SSC Joint Task Force Biodivers & Protected A, Quebec City, PQ J9B 1T3, Canada. [Fox, Helen E.] Natl Geog Soc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Gill, David A.] Conservat Int, Moore Ctr Sci, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Gill, David A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Gill, DA (reprint author), Natl Socioenvironm Synth Ctr SESYNC, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA.; Gill, DA (reprint author), World Wildlife Fund Int, Luc Hoffmann Inst, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland.; Gill, DA (reprint author), Conservat Int, Moore Ctr Sci, Arlington, VA 22202 USA.; Gill, DA (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM dgill@conservation.org FU National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC) under National Science Foundation [DBI-1052875]; Luc Hoffmann Institute; SESYNC FX This research was supported by the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC) under funding received from the National Science Foundation DBI-1052875, as part of the working group: Solving the Mystery of Marine Protected Area (MPA) Performance: Linking Governance, Conservation, Ecosystem Services and Human Well Being. D.A.G. was jointly supported by postdoctoral fellowships from the Luc Hoffmann Institute and SESYNC. We thank the following data providers: Atlantic Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA) contributors and data managers, Conservation International, Healthy Reefs Initiative, I. Williams (NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Program), NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, K. Knights (Global Database for Protected Area Management Effectiveness), G. Edgar and R. Stuart-Smith (Reef Life Surveys), The Nature Conservancy, Wildlife Conservation Society, and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. We also thank other members of the SESYNC MPA Pursuit team: A. Agrawal, G. Cid, A. Henshaw, I. Nur Hidayat, W. Liang, P. McConney, M. Nenadovic, J. E. Parks, B. Pomeroy, C. Strasser and M. Webster, and P. Marchand of SESYNC for scientific support. We acknowledge GEF, USAID, and the many other funders who supported authors' time and data collection. This is contribution no. 9 of the research initiative Solving the Mystery of MPA Performance. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 30 PY 2017 VL 543 IS 7647 BP 665 EP + DI 10.1038/nature21708 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EP8IS UT WOS:000397619700045 PM 28329771 ER PT J AU Chabera, P Liu, YZ Prakash, O Thyrhaug, E El Nahhas, A Honarfar, A Essen, S Fredin, LA Harlang, TCB Kjaer, KS Handrup, K Ericson, F Tatsuno, H Morgan, K Schnadt, J Haggstrom, L Ericsson, T Sobkowiak, A Lidin, S Huang, P Styring, S Uhlig, J Bendix, J Lomoth, R Sundstrom, V Persson, P Warnmark, K AF Chabera, Pavel Liu, Yizhu Prakash, Om Thyrhaug, Erling El Nahhas, Amal Honarfar, Alireza Essen, Sofia Fredin, Lisa A. Harlang, Tobias C. B. Kjaer, Kasper S. Handrup, Karsten Ericson, Fredric Tatsuno, Hideyuki Morgan, Kelsey Schnadt, Joachim Haggstrom, Lennart Ericsson, Tore Sobkowiak, Adam Lidin, Sven Huang, Ping Styring, Stenbjorn Uhlig, Jens Bendix, Jesper Lomoth, Reiner Sundstrom, Villy Persson, Petter Warnmark, Kenneth TI A low-spin Fe(III) complex with 100-ps ligand-to-metal charge transfer photoluminescence SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID EXCITED-STATES; IRON(II); LIFETIME; LIGHT; PHOTOSENSITIZER; ABSORPTION; DYNAMICS; SET; ROW AB Transition-metal complexes are used as photosensitizers(1), in light-emitting diodes, for biosensing and in photocatalysis(2). A key feature in these applications is excitation from the ground state to a charge-transfer state(3,4); the long charge-transfer-state lifetimes typical for complexes of ruthenium(5) and other precious metals are often essential to ensure high performance. There is much interest in replacing these scarce elements with Earth-abundant metals, with iron(6) and copper(7) being particularly attractive owing to their low cost and non-toxicity. But despite the exploration of innovative molecular designs(6,8-10), it remains a formidable scientific challenge(11) to access Earth-abundant transition-metal complexes with long-lived charge-transfer excited states. No known iron complexes are considered(12) photoluminescent at room temperature, and their rapid excited-state deactivation precludes their use as photosensitizers(13-15). Here we present the iron complex [Fe(btz)(3)](3+) (where btz is 3,3'-dimethyl-1,1'-bis(p-tolyl)-4,4'-bis(1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene)), and show that the superior sigma-donor and pi-acceptor electron properties of the ligand stabilize the excited state sufficiently to realize a long charge-transfer lifetime of 100 picoseconds (ps) and room-temperature photoluminescence. This species is a low-spin Fe(III) d(5) complex, and emission occurs from a long-lived doublet ligand-to-metal charge-transfer ((LMCT)-L-2) state that is rarely seen for transition-metal complexes(4,16,17). The absence of intersystem crossing, which often gives rise to large excited-state energy losses in transition-metal complexes, enables the observation of spin-allowed emission directly to the ground state and could be exploited as an increased driving force in photochemical reactions on surfaces. These findings suggest that appropriate design strategies can deliver new iron-based materials for use as light emitters and photosensitizers. C1 [Chabera, Pavel; Thyrhaug, Erling; El Nahhas, Amal; Honarfar, Alireza; Harlang, Tobias C. B.; Kjaer, Kasper S.; Tatsuno, Hideyuki; Uhlig, Jens; Sundstrom, Villy] Lund Univ, Dept Chem, Div Phys Chem, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Liu, Yizhu; Prakash, Om; Essen, Sofia; Lidin, Sven; Warnmark, Kenneth] Lund Univ, Dept Chem, CAS, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Fredin, Lisa A.; Ericson, Fredric; Persson, Petter] Lund Univ, Dept Chem, Div Theoret Chem, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Harlang, Tobias C. B.; Kjaer, Kasper S.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Handrup, Karsten; Schnadt, Joachim] Lund Univ, Dept Phys, Div Synchrotron Radiat Res, Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Morgan, Kelsey] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Haggstrom, Lennart; Ericsson, Tore; Sobkowiak, Adam] Uppsala Univ, Dept Chem, Angstrom Lab, Box 538, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. [Huang, Ping; Styring, Stenbjorn; Lomoth, Reiner] Uppsala Univ, Dept Chem, Angstrom Lab, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Bendix, Jesper] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Chem, Univ Pk 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Warnmark, K (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Chem, CAS, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. EM kenneth.warnmark@chem.lu.se FU Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse; Danish Research Council for Independent Research [12-125226]; Swedish Energy Agency (Energimyndigheten); Crafoord Foundation; Swedish National Infrastructure Committee (SNIC); Stiftelsen Olle Engkvist Byggmastare; Sten K. Johnsons Stiftelse FX K.S.K. acknowledges the Danish Council for Independent Research (DFF) and the Carlsbergfondet. J.U., V.S. and P. acknowledge financial support from the Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse. J.B. acknowledges support from the Danish Research Council for Independent Research (Grant 12-125226). P.P. also acknowledges support from the Swedish Energy Agency (Energimyndigheten), the Crafoord Foundation and the Swedish National Infrastructure Committee (SNIC). K.W. acknowledges financial support from Stiftelsen Olle Engkvist Byggmastare and Sten K. Johnsons Stiftelse. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 30 PY 2017 VL 543 IS 7647 BP 695 EP + DI 10.1038/nature21430 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EP8IS UT WOS:000397619700051 PM 28358064 ER PT J AU Roberts, DR Welsh, CA LeBel, DP Davis, WC AF Roberts, Donna R. Welsh, Cynthia A. LeBel, David P., II Davis, W. Clay TI DISTRIBUTION MAP OF GADOLINIUM DEPOSITION WITHIN THE CEREBELLUM FOLLOWING GBCA ADMINISTRATION SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONTRAST AGENTS; BRAIN C1 [Roberts, Donna R.; Welsh, Cynthia A.; LeBel, David P., II] Med Univ South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Davis, W. Clay] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Roberts, DR (reprint author), Med Univ South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM robertdr@musc.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0028-3878 EI 1526-632X J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD MAR 21 PY 2017 VL 88 IS 12 BP 1206 EP 1208 DI 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003735 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA EP4XK UT WOS:000397383000021 PM 28202695 ER PT J AU Kren, AC Pilewskie, P Coddington, O AF Kren, Andrew C. Pilewskie, Peter Coddington, Odele TI Where does Earth's atmosphere get its energy? SO JOURNAL OF SPACE WEATHER AND SPACE CLIMATE LA English DT Review DE Atmosphere; Ocean; Sun; Energy deposition; Energy distribution ID GLOBAL MHD SIMULATION; HEAT-FLOW; ZODIACAL LIGHT; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; SOLAR-ACTIVITY; COSMIC DUST; IMAGE-FUV; MIDINFRARED SPECTRUM; ULTRAVIOLET IMAGER AB The Sun is Earth's primary source of energy. In this paper, we compare the magnitude of the Sun to all other external (to the atmosphere) energy sources. These external sources were previously identified in Sellers (1965); here, we quantify and update them. These external sources provide a total energy to the Earth that is more than 3700 times smaller than that provided by the Sun, a vast majority of which is provided by heat from the Earth's interior. After accounting for the fact that 71% of incident solar radiation is deposited into the earth system, the Sun provides a total energy to Earth that is still more than 2600 times larger than the sum of all other external sources. C1 [Kren, Andrew C.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab,Global Syst Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Pilewskie, Peter] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Pilewskie, Peter; Coddington, Odele] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, 3665 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Kren, AC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab,Global Syst Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andrew.kren@noaa.gov FU NOAA [NA09NES4400016]; NASA [NNX15AK59G] FX This work was supported under NOAA Award NA09NES4400016 and NASA Award NNX15AK59G. We would like to thank in particular Richard Blakeslee, Geoff Crowley, Gang Lu, Mike Hauser, Richard Arendt, Lyle Broadfoot, Bob Meier, Bruce Draine, Jeff Forbes, Harmut Spetzler, Jonathan Fentzke, Eberhard Gruen, Rebecca Bernstein, Dirk Lummerzheim, E. J. (Ted) Llewellyn, Dan Baker, Sebastian Schmidt, J. Huw Davies, Galina Bazilevskaya, Thomas Kelsall, J. Scott Evans, Christoph Leinert, and Dale Fixsen, who have provided insight, guidance, and suggestions on the many energy sources described in this paper. We would also like to thank the editors and the two anonymous reviewers, whose comments and suggestions helped to greatly improve the manuscript. The editor thanks two anonymous referees for their assistance in evaluating this paper. NR 202 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2115-7251 J9 J SPACE WEATHER SPAC JI J. Space Weather Space Clim. PD MAR 20 PY 2017 VL 7 AR A10 DI 10.1051/swsc/2017007 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EO7HL UT WOS:000396861700001 ER PT J AU Abdelrahman, H ElHady, M Alcivar-Warren, A Allen, S Al-Tobasei, R Bao, LS Beck, B Blackburn, H Bosworth, B Buchanan, J Chappell, J Daniels, W Dong, S Dunham, R Durland, E Elaswad, A Gomez-Chiarri, M Gosh, K Guo, XM Hackett, P Hanson, T Hedgecock, D Howard, T Holland, L Jackson, M Jin, YL Khalil, K Kocher, T Leeds, T Li, N Lindsey, L Liu, SK Liu, ZJ Martin, K Novriadi, R Odin, R Palti, Y Peatman, E Proestou, D Qin, GY Reading, B Rexroad, C Roberts, S Salem, M Severin, A Shi, HT Shoemaker, C Stiles, S Tan, SX Tang, KFJ Thongda, W Tiersch, T Tomasso, J Prabowo, WT Vallejo, R van der Steen, H Vo, K Waldbieser, G Wang, HP Wang, XZ Xiang, JH Yang, YJ Yant, R Yuan, ZH Zeng, QF Zhou, T AF Abdelrahman, Hisham ElHady, Mohamed Alcivar-Warren, Acacia Allen, Standish Al-Tobasei, Rafet Bao, Lisui Beck, Ben Blackburn, Harvey Bosworth, Brian Buchanan, John Chappell, Jesse Daniels, William Dong, Sheng Dunham, Rex Durland, Evan Elaswad, Ahmed Gomez-Chiarri, Marta Gosh, Kamal Guo, Ximing Hackett, Perry Hanson, Terry Hedgecock, Dennis Howard, Tiffany Holland, Leigh Jackson, Molly Jin, Yulin Khalil, Karim Kocher, Thomas Leeds, Tim Li, Ning Lindsey, Lauren Liu, Shikai Liu, Zhanjiang Martin, Kyle Novriadi, Romi Odin, Ramjie Palti, Yniv Peatman, Eric Proestou, Dina Qin, Guyu Reading, Benjamin Rexroad, Caird Roberts, Steven Salem, Mohamed Severin, Andrew Shi, Huitong Shoemaker, Craig Stiles, Sheila Tan, Suxu Tang, Kathy F. J. Thongda, Wilawan Tiersch, Terrence Tomasso, Joseph Prabowo, Wendy Tri Vallejo, Roger van der Steen, Hein Vo, Khoi Waldbieser, Geoff Wang, Hanping Wang, Xiaozhu Xiang, Jianhai Yang, Yujia Yant, Roger Yuan, Zihao Zeng, Qifan Zhou, Tao CA Aquaculture Genomics Genetics Bre TI Aquaculture genomics, genetics and breeding in the United States: current status, challenges, and priorities for future research (vol 18, 191, 2017) SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Abdelrahman, Hisham; Bao, Lisui; Chappell, Jesse; Daniels, William; Dong, Sheng; Dunham, Rex; Elaswad, Ahmed; Gosh, Kamal; Hanson, Terry; Howard, Tiffany; Holland, Leigh; Jin, Yulin; Khalil, Karim; Li, Ning; Lindsey, Lauren; Liu, Shikai; Liu, Zhanjiang; Novriadi, Romi; Odin, Ramjie; Peatman, Eric; Qin, Guyu; Shi, Huitong; Tan, Suxu; Thongda, Wilawan; Tomasso, Joseph; Prabowo, Wendy Tri; Vo, Khoi; Wang, Xiaozhu; Yang, Yujia; Yuan, Zihao; Zeng, Qifan; Zhou, Tao] Auburn Univ, Sch Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [ElHady, Mohamed] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Alcivar-Warren, Acacia] Environm Genomics Inc, POB 196, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. [Allen, Standish] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Aquaculture Genet & Breeding Technol Ctr, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Al-Tobasei, Rafet; Salem, Mohamed] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. [Beck, Ben; Shoemaker, Craig] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Blackburn, Harvey] USDA ARS, NL Wheat & Corn Collect Glance GRP, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Bosworth, Brian; Waldbieser, Geoff] USDA ARS, CGRU, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38701 USA. [Buchanan, John] Ctr Aquaculture Technol, 8395 Camino Santa Fe,Suite E, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Durland, Evan] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gomez-Chiarri, Marta] Anim & Vet Sci, Dept Fisheries, 134 Woodward Hall,9 East Alumni Ave, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Guo, Ximing] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, Haskin Shellfish Res Lab, 6959 Miller Ave, Port Norris, NJ 08349 USA. [Hackett, Perry] Dept Genet Cell Biol & Dev, 5-108 MCB,420 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hedgecock, Dennis] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Jackson, Molly] Taylor Shellfish Farms, 130 SE Lynch RD, Shelton, WA 98584 USA. [Kocher, Thomas] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, 2132 Biosci Res Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Leeds, Tim; Palti, Yniv; Vallejo, Roger] ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Martin, Kyle] Troutlodge, 27090 Us Highway 12, Naches, WA 98937 USA. [Proestou, Dina] Univ Rhode Isl, USDA ARS, NEA NCWMAC Shellfish Genet, 469 CBLS,120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Reading, Benjamin] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Rexroad, Caird] USDA ARS, Off Natl Programs, George Washington Carver Ctr Room 4-2106,5601 Su, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Roberts, Steven] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Severin, Andrew] Iowa State Univ, Off Biotechnol, Genome Informat Facil, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Stiles, Sheila] NOAA, USDOC, Natl Marine Fisheries NEFSC, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Tang, Kathy F. J.] Univ Arizona, Sch Anim & Comparat Biomed Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Tiersch, Terrence] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Aquat Germplasm & Genet Resources Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. [van der Steen, Hein] Stonebridge breeding Ltd, Gate House, Evesham WR11 4NS, England. [Wang, Hanping] Ohio State Univ, South Ctr, Aquaculture Genet & Breeding Lab, Piketon, OH 45661 USA. [Xiang, Jianhai] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Expt Marine Biol, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. [Yant, Roger] Hybrid Catfish Co, 1233 Montgomery Dr, Inverness, MS 38753 USA. RP Liu, ZJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM liuzhan@auburn.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD MAR 16 PY 2017 VL 18 AR 235 DI 10.1186/s12864-017-3614-9 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA EO5UV UT WOS:000396759300002 ER PT J AU Hughes, TP Kerry, JT Alvarez-Noriega, M Alvarez-Romero, JG Anderson, KD Baird, AH Babcock, RC Beger, M Bellwood, DR Berkelmans, R Bridge, TC Butler, IR Byrne, M Cantin, NE Comeau, S Connolly, SR Cumming, GS Dalton, SJ Diaz-Pulido, G Eakin, CM Figueira, WF Gilmour, JP Harrison, HB Heron, SF Hoey, AS Hobbs, JPA Hoogenboom, MO Kennedy, EV Kuo, CY Lough, JM Lowe, RJ Liu, G Cculloch, MTM Malcolm, HA Mcwilliam, MJ Pandolfi, JM Pears, RJ Pratchett, MS Schoepf, V Simpson, T Skirving, WJ Sommer, B Torda, G Wachenfeld, DR Willis, BL Wilson, SK AF Hughes, Terry P. Kerry, James T. Alvarez-Noriega, Mariana Alvarez-Romero, Jorge G. Anderson, Kristen D. Baird, Andrew H. Babcock, Russell C. Beger, Maria Bellwood, David R. Berkelmans, Ray Bridge, Tom C. Butler, Ian R. Byrne, Maria Cantin, Neal E. Comeau, Steeve Connolly, Sean R. Cumming, Graeme S. Dalton, Steven J. Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo Eakin, C. Mark Figueira, Will F. Gilmour, James P. Harrison, Hugo B. Heron, Scott F. Hoey, Andrew S. Hobbs, Jean-Paul A. Hoogenboom, Mia O. Kennedy, Emma V. Kuo, Chao-yang Lough, Janice M. Lowe, Ryan J. Liu, Gang Cculloch, Malcolm T. M. Malcolm, Hamish A. Mcwilliam, Michael J. Pandolfi, John M. Pears, Rachel J. Pratchett, Morgan S. Schoepf, Verena Simpson, Tristan Skirving, William J. Sommer, Brigitte Torda, Gergely Wachenfeld, David R. Willis, Bette L. Wilson, Shaun K. TI Global warming and recurrent mass bleaching of corals SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RECOVERY; DISTURBANCE; RESILIENCE; MORTALITY; IMPACTS; TRENDS; SPACE AB During 2015-2016, record temperatures triggered a pan-tropical episode of coral bleaching, the third global-scale event since mass bleaching was first documented in the 1980s. Here we examine how and why the severity of recurrent major bleaching events has varied at multiple scales, using aerial and underwater surveys of Australian reefs combined with satellite-derived sea surface temperatures. The distinctive geographic footprints of recurrent bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef in 1998, 2002 and 2016 were determined by the spatial pattern of sea temperatures in each year. Water quality and fishing pressure had minimal effect on the unprecedented bleaching in 2016, suggesting that local protection of reefs affords little or no resistance to extreme heat. Similarly, past exposure to bleaching in 1998 and 2002 did not lessen the severity of bleaching in 2016. Consequently, immediate global action to curb future warming is essential to secure a future for coral reefs. C1 [Hughes, Terry P.; Kerry, James T.; Alvarez-Noriega, Mariana; Alvarez-Romero, Jorge G.; Anderson, Kristen D.; Baird, Andrew H.; Bellwood, David R.; Bridge, Tom C.; Connolly, Sean R.; Cumming, Graeme S.; Harrison, Hugo B.; Hoey, Andrew S.; Hoogenboom, Mia O.; Kuo, Chao-yang; Lough, Janice M.; Mcwilliam, Michael J.; Pratchett, Morgan S.; Torda, Gergely; Willis, Bette L.] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Alvarez-Noriega, Mariana; Bellwood, David R.; Connolly, Sean R.; Hoogenboom, Mia O.; Willis, Bette L.] James Cook Univ, Coll Sci & Engn, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Babcock, Russell C.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Beger, Maria] Univ Leeds, Sch Biol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Berkelmans, Ray] 24 Hanwood Court, Gilston, Qld 4211, Australia. [Bridge, Tom C.] Queensland Museum, 70-102 Flinders St, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Butler, Ian R.; Pandolfi, John M.; Sommer, Brigitte] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Byrne, Maria] Univ Sydney, Sch Med Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Cantin, Neal E.; Lough, Janice M.; Torda, Gergely] Australian Inst Marine Sci, PMB 3, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Comeau, Steeve; Lowe, Ryan J.; Cculloch, Malcolm T. M.; Schoepf, Verena] Univ Western Australia, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Comeau, Steeve; Lowe, Ryan J.; Cculloch, Malcolm T. M.; Schoepf, Verena] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Dalton, Steven J.; Malcolm, Hamish A.] Fisheries Res, Dept Primary Ind, POB 4291, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia. [Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo; Kennedy, Emma V.] Griffith Univ, Sch Environm, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. [Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo; Kennedy, Emma V.] Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. [Eakin, C. Mark; Heron, Scott F.; Liu, Gang; Skirving, William J.] US NOAA, Coral Reef Watch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Figueira, Will F.] Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Gilmour, James P.] Univ Western Australia, Indian Oceans Marine Res Ctr, Australian Inst Marine Sci, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.; Liu, Gang; Skirving, William J.] Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Marine Geophys Lab, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Hobbs, Jean-Paul A.] Curtin Univ, Dept Environm & Agr, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Pears, Rachel J.; Wachenfeld, David R.] Great Barrier Reef Marine Pk Author, POB 1379, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Simpson, Tristan] Torres Strait Reg Author, POB 261, Thursday Isl, Qld 4875, Australia. [Wilson, Shaun K.] Dept Parks & Wildlife, Perth, WA 6151, Australia. RP Hughes, TP (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM terry.hughes@jcu.edu.au RI Beger, Maria/F-9049-2013 OI Beger, Maria/0000-0003-1363-3571 FU Australian Research Council's Centre of Excellence Program; Australian Commonwealth Government; European Union; USA National Oceanographic & Atmospheric Administration; USA National Science Foundation FX The authors acknowledge the 21 institutions that supported this research, in Australia, the UK, and the USA. Twenty-six of the authors are supported by funding from the Australian Research Council's Centre of Excellence Program. Other funding support includes the Australian Commonwealth Government, the European Union, the USA National Oceanographic & Atmospheric Administration, and USA National Science Foundation. GlobColour data (http://globcolour. info) used in this study has been developed, validated, and distributed by ACRI-ST, France. The contents in this manuscript are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision or position on behalf of NOAA or the US Government. We thank the many student volunteers who participated in field studies. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 16 PY 2017 VL 543 IS 7645 BP 373 EP + DI 10.1038/nature21707 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN9RN UT WOS:000396337400041 PM 28300113 ER PT J AU Dewes, CF Rangwala, I Barsugli, JJ Hobbins, MT Kumar, S AF Dewes, Candida F. Rangwala, Imtiaz Barsugli, Joseph J. Hobbins, Michael T. Kumar, Sanjiv TI Drought risk assessment under climate change is sensitive to methodological choices for the estimation of evaporative demand SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CALCULATING POTENTIAL EVAPORATION; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ESTIMATION; TERRESTRIAL ARIDITY; WATER-RESOURCES; MODELS; VARIABILITY; 21ST-CENTURY; HYDROLOGY; RESPONSES; IMPACTS AB Several studies have projected increases in drought severity, extent and duration in many parts of the world under climate change. We examine sources of uncertainty arising from the methodological choices for the assessment of future drought risk in the continental US (CONUS). One such uncertainty is in the climate models' expression of evaporative demand (E-0), which is not a direct climate model output but has been traditionally estimated using several different formulations. Here we analyze daily output from two CMIP5 GCMs to evaluate how differences in E-0 formulation, treatment of meteorological driving data, choice of GCM, and standardization of time series influence the estimation of E-0. These methodological choices yield different assessments of spatio-temporal variability in E-0 and different trends in 21st century drought risk. First, we estimate E-0 using three widely used E-0 formulations: Penman-Monteith; Hargreaves-Samani; and Priestley-Taylor. Our analysis, which primarily focuses on the May-September warm-season period, shows that E-0 climatology and its spatial pattern differ substantially between these three formulations. Overall, we find higher magnitudes of E-0 and its interannual variability using Penman-Monteith, in particular for regions like the Great Plains and southwestern US where E-0 is strongly influenced by variations in wind and relative humidity. When examining projected changes in E-0 during the 21st century, there are also large differences among the three formulations, particularly the Penman-Monteith relative to the other two formulations. The 21st century E-0 trends, particularly in percent change and standardized anomalies of E-0, are found to be sensitive to the long-term mean value and the amplitude of interannual variability, i.e. if the magnitude of E-0 and its interannual variability are relatively low for a particular E-0 formulation, then the normalized or standardized 21 st century trend based on that formulation is amplified relative to other formulations. This is the case for the use of Hargreaves-Samani and Priestley-Taylor, where future E-0 trends are comparatively much larger than for Penman-Monteith. When comparing Penman-Monteith E-0 responses between different choices of input variables related to wind speed, surface roughness, and net radiation, we found differences in E-0 trends, although these choices had a much smaller influence on E-0 trends than did the E-0 formulation choices. These methodological choices and specific climate model selection, also have a large influence on the estimation of trends in standardized drought indices used for drought assessment operationally. We find that standardization tends to amplify divergences between the E-0 trends calculated using different E-0 formulations, because standardization is sensitive to both the climatology and amplitude of interannual variability of E-0. For different methodological choices and GCM output considered in estimating E-0, we examine potential sources of uncertainty in 21st century trends in the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Evaporative Demand Drought Index (EDDI) over selected regions of the CONUS to demonstrate the practical implications of these methodological choices for the quantification of drought risk under climate change. C1 [Dewes, Candida F.; Rangwala, Imtiaz; Barsugli, Joseph J.; Hobbins, Michael T.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dewes, Candida F.; Rangwala, Imtiaz; Barsugli, Joseph J.; Hobbins, Michael T.; Kumar, Sanjiv] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Dewes, Candida F.; Rangwala, Imtiaz; Barsugli, Joseph J.] North Cent Climate Sci Ctr, Dept Interior, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Dewes, CF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Dewes, CF (reprint author), NOAA, Div Phys Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA.; Dewes, CF (reprint author), North Cent Climate Sci Ctr, Dept Interior, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM candida.dewes@noaa.gov FU United States Geological Survey's North Central Climate Science Center [G13AC00392, G14AP00182]; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NOAA ESRL Physical Science Division FX This study is supported by the United States Geological Survey's North Central Climate Science Center (award # G13AC00392 and G14AP00182). SKs contribution was supported by the National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NOAA ESRL Physical Science Division. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 16 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 3 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0174045 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN9KE UT WOS:000396318300118 ER PT J AU Timpane-Padgham, BL Beechie, T Klinger, T AF Timpane-Padgham, Britta L. Beechie, Tim Klinger, Terrie TI A systematic review of ecological attributes that confer resilience to climate change in environmental restoration SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; EELGRASS ZOSTERA-MARINA; LONG-TERM IMPACTS; CORAL-REEFS; FOOD WEBS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; SEMINATURAL GRASSLANDS; FUNCTIONAL RESILIENCE AB Ecological restoration is widely practiced as a means of rehabilitating ecosystems and habitats that have been degraded or impaired through human use or other causes. Restoration practices now are confronted by climate change, which has the potential to influence long-term restoration outcomes. Concepts and attributes from the resilience literature can help improve restoration and monitoring efforts under changing climate conditions. We systematically examined the published literature on ecological resilience to identify biological, chemical, and physical attributes that confer resilience to climate change. We identified 45 attributes explicitly related to climate change and classified them as individual-(9), population-(6), community-(7), ecosystem-(7), or process-level attributes (16). Individual studies defined resilience as resistance to change or recovery from disturbance, and only a few studies explicitly included both concepts in their definition of resilience. We found that individual and population attributes generally are suited to species-or habitat-specific restoration actions and applicable at the population scale. Community attributes are better suited to habitat-specific restoration at the site scale, or system-wide restoration at the ecosystem scale. Ecosystem and process attributes vary considerably in their type and applicability. We summarize these relationships in a decision support table and provide three example applications to illustrate how these classifications can be used to prioritize climate change resilience attributes for specific restoration actions. We suggest that (1) including resilience as an explicit planning objective could increase the success of restoration projects, (2) considering the ecological context and focal scale of a restoration action is essential in choosing appropriate resilience attributes, and (3) certain ecological attributes, such as diversity and connectivity, are more commonly considered to confer resilience because they apply to a wide variety of species and ecosystems. We propose that identifying sources of ecological resilience is a critical step in restoring ecosystems in a changing climate. C1 [Timpane-Padgham, Britta L.; Klinger, Terrie] Univ Washington, Sch Marine & Environm Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Timpane-Padgham, Britta L.] NOAA, Ocean Associates Inc, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Natl Ocean & Atmospher, Seattle, WA USA. [Beechie, Tim] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Natl Ocean & Atmospher, Seattle, WA USA. RP Timpane-Padgham, BL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Marine & Environm Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Timpane-Padgham, BL (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Associates Inc, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Natl Ocean & Atmospher, Seattle, WA USA. EM britta.timpane-padgham@noaa.gov NR 189 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 16 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 3 AR e0173812 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0173812 PG 23 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN9KE UT WOS:000396318300075 PM 28301560 ER PT J AU Pienaar, EF Lew, DK Wallmo, K AF Pienaar, Elizabeth F. Lew, Daniel K. Wallmo, Kristy TI Intention to pay for the protection of threatened and endangered marine species: Implications for conservation program design SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; PLANNED BEHAVIOR; CONTINGENT VALUATION; ECOLOGICAL PARADIGM; SELF-EFFICACY; VALUES; BIODIVERSITY; WILDLIFE; MOTIVES; CONTEXT AB We investigate motivations for people's intention to contribute towards increased protection of eight threatened and endangered marine species in the United States, using factor analysis and ordered response analysis applied to data from 7425 respondents to a national household survey conducted in 2010. We find that the strength of individuals' intention to contribute towards species conservation depends on how conservation programs are funded, which species are being targeted for conservation, individuals' knowledge of and prior interaction with these species, awareness of need, awareness of responsibility, altruism, environmental concern, and contextual forces. We argue that individuals who are predisposed to contribute to conservation are likely to be incentivized by messages that focus on charismatic species and reinforce altruistic motives, and ethical beliefs. Individuals with more fiscally conservative viewpoints are more likely to respond to messages about how conservation complements their political beliefs and improves economic conditions or their quality of life. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pienaar, Elizabeth F.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, POB 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lew, Daniel K.] Univ Calif Davis, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lew, Daniel K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wallmo, Kristy] Off Sci & Technol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Pienaar, EF (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, POB 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM efpienaar@ufi.edu; Dan.Lew@noaa.gov; kristy.wallmo@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service [NA10NMF4340183] FX Funding for this research was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service, grant number NA10NMF4340183, awarded to the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 EI 1873-524X J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD MAR 15 PY 2017 VL 138 BP 170 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.01.019 PG 11 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA EM9AR UT WOS:000395603700017 ER PT J AU Eastwood, EK Clary, DG Melnick, DJ AF Eastwood, Erin K. Clary, Darien G. Melnick, Don J. TI Coral reef health and management on the verge of a tourism boom: A case study from Miches, Dominican Republic SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; ECHINOID DIADEMA-ANTILLARUM; RESERVE NETWORKS; CYPHOMA-GIBBOSUM; MACROALGAL COVER; CARIBBEAN REEF; PHASE-SHIFTS; CONSERVATION; FISH; FISHERIES AB The Miches Municipality lies in the second poorest province in the Dominican Republic, and its inhabitants rely heavily on nearby coral reefs for food and livelihoods. With the sudden influx of tourism from the completion of a new highway, now is a crucial time to ensure that future tourist development in this region is locally driven and environmentally responsible. As coral reefs are a foundation of Miches' identity, economy, and natural wealth, they play an integral role in the realization of this goal. This study employed global reef monitoring protocols to conduct the first-ever quantitative health assessment of Miches' reefs in order to guide future management practices. Surveys of multi-taxa indicator species were conducted alongside assessments of coral bleaching, disease prevalence, and evidence of anthropogenic impacts. Key findings include extremely low abundances of fishery-targeted species, high prevalence of diseased coral, anchor damage at nearly every site, and high abundances of indicator species for nutrient-based pollution such as fertilizers and raw sewage. Deeper, offshore reefs exhibited better health than shallow, inshore reefs, though they were still more degraded than comparable reefs in Dominican marine protected areas. Overall, Miches reefs are highly threatened by four main factors: overfishing, land-based pollution, human-related structural damage, and coral bleaching. To improve the well-being of the region's coral reefs and the communities that depend on them, an adaptive management plan is recommended that encompasses strong fisheries regulations, basic yet consistent monitoring efforts, and the integration of land-based and marine management practices. (c) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Eastwood, Erin K.; Melnick, Don J.] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, 1200 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY USA. [Clary, Darien G.; Melnick, Don J.] Ctr Environm Econ & Soc, 2853 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Eastwood, EK (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM eastwood.erin@gmail.com FU Orange County Community Fund; United States Agency for International Development (USAID) [CA 517-A-00-10-00103-00]; United States Peace Corps FX We would like to thank the Government of The Dominican Republic, particularly the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, the Dominican Council for Fisheries and Aquaculture (CODOPESCA), for their permission and strategic support of this research. We would also like to thank the Orange County Community Fund, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) (CA 517-A-00-10-00103-00), the United States Peace Corps, and Pamela M. Thye, Robert Hoguet, and Wes Wang for providing funding for this project. We thank Ruben Torres of Reef Check DR for providing invaluable information and expertise during the reef survey study design, as well as Dan Brumbaugh for reviewing and providing helpful comments on the manuscript. Thanks to James Danoff-Burg for his creative vision and hands-on approach to implement this study on behalf of CEES vertical bar Columbia University, Haolei Weng and Mengni Sun for invaluable insight into statistical analysis, and Jenny Mihaly for providing useful guidance regarding Reef Check protocols. Many thanks to Paul Williamson, Diane Bartlett, and Bosun of The Dive Academy for their help in implementing the dive surveys with data quality and diver safety at the forefront. We are grateful for Peace Corps Volunteers Helen Gagne, Lauren Maghran, Taylor Joyal, Amy Martin, Elisa Paltenghe, and Evan Poirson, who worked tirelessly as our core dive team. Their time, leadership, enthusiasm, comradery, and commitment to bring the Miches Reef story to the surface are truly commendable. And of course, we are thankful for the survey divers, many of whom were Peace Corps Volunteers who lent their time, energy, and dive skills to collect these data: Katie Conrad, Caleb Despins, Justin Espineli, Miguel Galhouse, Victor Galvan, Michal Gutowski, Ariel Jacobs, Peter Mach, Bekah Powell, Anne Tatarsky, and Sara Wyckoff. NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 EI 1873-524X J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD MAR 15 PY 2017 VL 138 BP 192 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.01.023 PG 13 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA EM9AR UT WOS:000395603700019 ER PT J AU Sheen, DA Rocha, WFC Lippa, KA Bearden, DW AF Sheen, David A. Rocha, Werickson F. C. Lippa, Katrice A. Bearden, Daniel W. TI A scoring metric for multivariate data for reproducibility analysis using chemometric methods SO CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Nuclear magnetic resonance; Metabolomics interlaboratory comparison ID JENSEN-SHANNON; NEURAL-NETWORK; RECOGNITION; ENTROPY; PCA; CLASSIFICATION; METABOLOMICS; ALGORITHM AB Process quality control and reproducibility in emerging measurement fields such as metabolomics is normally assured by interlaboratory comparison testing. As a part of this testing process, spectral features from a spectroscopic method such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are attributed to particular analytes within a mixture, and it is the metabolite concentrations that are returned for comparison between laboratories. However, data quality may also be assessed directly by using binned spectral data before the timeconsuming identification and quantification. Use of the binned spectra has some advantages, including preserving information about trace constituents and enabling identification of process difficulties. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of binned NMR spectra to conduct a detailed interlaboratory comparison. Spectra of synthetic and biologically-obtained metabolite mixtures, taken from a previous interlaboratory study, are compared with cluster analysis using a variety of distance and entropy metrics. The individual measurements are then evaluated based on where they fall within their clusters, and a laboratory-level scoring metric is developed, which provides an assessment of each laboratory's individual performance. C1 [Sheen, David A.; Lippa, Katrice A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rocha, Werickson F. C.] Natl Inst Metrol, Div Chem Metrol, Qual & Technol INMETRO, BR-25250020 Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil. [Bearden, Daniel W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Sheen, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientffico e Tecnologico (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) of Brazil [REF.203264/2014-26] FX This work was partially supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientffico e Tecnologico (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) of Brazil [grant number REF.203264/2014-26]. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7439 EI 1873-3239 J9 CHEMOMETR INTELL LAB JI Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. PD MAR 15 PY 2017 VL 162 BP 10 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.chemolab.2016.12.010 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA EN2MD UT WOS:000395843700002 ER PT J AU Kumar, P Sajjad, H Alare, RS Elvidge, CD Ahmed, R Mandal, VP AF Kumar, Pavan Sajjad, Haroon Alare, Rahinatu S. Elvidge, Christopher D. Ahmed, Raihan Mandal, Vinay Prasad TI Analysis of Urban Population Dynamics Based on Residential Buildings Volume in Six Provinces of Pakistan Using Operational Linescan System Sensors SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE OLS sensor; frequency distribution population dynamics; regression analysis ID NIGHTTIME LIGHTS; SATELLITE DATA; CLASSIFICATION; PATTERNS; DENSITY; IMAGERY AB Historically, an accurate knowledge of the size, behavior, and spatial distribution of the human population has been useful for understanding many social and political processes and phenomenon. The quality and availability of census data for a growing proportion of the world's population is continuing to deteriorate. Night lights have shown encouraging agreement between temporally stable lighted areas and the various definitions of urban extent. The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-Optical Line Scanner (DMSP-OLS) sensor of USA acquires images at night. Night-time satellite imagery is evaluated as a means of estimating the population of all the cities of the world based on their areal extent in the image. Models derived from night-time satellite imagery have the potential to dramatically improve our knowledge of the spatial distribution and intensity of human presence on the surface of the plane. The area of Pakistan is 881 913 km(2) having population of about 200 million (2015), which is equivalent to 2.57% of the world population. By using the known population of urban areas in every year (1992-2013), a total national population is also estimated using the regression analysis having r (2) = 0.87. Finally, we conclude that DMSP-OLS can be used to monitor the population and their activities. C1 [Kumar, Pavan; Sajjad, Haroon; Ahmed, Raihan; Mandal, Vinay Prasad] Jamia Millia Islamia, Dept Geog, New Delhi 110025, India. [Alare, Rahinatu S.] Univ Ghana, Inst Environm & Sanitat Studies, Accra Lg 209, Ghana. [Elvidge, Christopher D.] Stanford Univ, Appl Earth Sci, Stanford, CA USA. [Elvidge, Christopher D.] NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kumar, P (reprint author), Jamia Millia Islamia, Dept Geog, New Delhi 110025, India. EM pavan.jamia@gmail.com; haroon.geog@gmail.com; wusulu23@gmail.com; chris.elvidge@noaa.gov; raihan.geog@gmail.com; vinnumandal@gmail.com NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X EI 1558-1748 J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD MAR 15 PY 2017 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1656 EP 1662 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2017.2652720 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA EN3FU UT WOS:000395895200010 ER PT J AU Sridhar, V Anderson, KA AF Sridhar, Venkataramana Anderson, Korri A. TI Human-induced modifications to land surface fluxes and their implications on water management under past and future climate change conditions SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Irrigation; Surface fluxes; Climate change; Modeling ID PRECIPITATION RECYCLING VARIABILITY; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; RIVER-BASIN; PART I; ECOCLIMATOLOGICAL STABILITY; ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE; IRRIGATION; TEMPERATURE; MODEL; SYSTEM AB We used a coupled land-atmospheric simulation framework to quantify the feedback impacts of water resources in a changing climate. The simulations dynamically downscaled data from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) data, Climate Forecast System (CFS) Version 2 and the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP), to investigate irrigation effects on temperatures and surface fluxes under current and future scenarios in Southern Idaho. This study implements irrigation schemes within the Noah Land Surface Model (LSM) coupled with the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) 3.4 at a 4-km resolution to diagnose irrigation-induced changes to surface energy fluxes and boundary layer properties. Our results suggest that induced cooling via evaporation causes a decrease of 0.8 degrees C to the air temperature over April - October, a decrease of up to 90 m of the planetary boundary layer depth and an increase of 2.0 degrees C in the dew point over the irrigated areas. On average, the growing season start date trends 0.46 days/year earlier and the growing season termination date trends 0.60 days/year later. A decrease in precipitation with time is also seen at all elevation ranges from the year 2040-2070, with the lowest elevation levels seeing a bigger decrease than the higher levels. Thus, irrigation-induced increases in growing degree days and modifications to surface fluxes are shown in the basin and it is critical to consider when planning both crop and water management. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sridhar, Venkataramana] Virginia Tech, Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Anderson, Korri A.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Boise, ID 83705 USA. RP Sridhar, V (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM vsri@vt.edu FU NSF Idaho EPSCoR Program; National Science Foundation [EPS-0814387]; Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station (Blacksburg); Hatch Program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture; U.S Department of Agriculture (Washington) FX This research was partially supported by the NSF Idaho EPSCoR Program and by the National Science Foundation under award number EPS-0814387. This project was funded, in part, by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station (Blacksburg) and the Hatch Program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S Department of Agriculture (Washington, D.C.). We would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers as well as Associate Editor (Dr. Johannes Laubach) for their extraordinary review and editorial comments that helped improve the quality of the manuscript. Authors are thankful to Richard Allen, Wenguang Zhao, Ricardo Trezza and Thilini Jaksa for their collaboration on the flux tower data and Prasanth Valayamkunnath for revising a few graphical charts. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAR 15 PY 2017 VL 234 BP 66 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.12.009 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM3PL UT WOS:000395227000006 ER PT J AU Ward, EJ Adkison, M Couture, J Dressel, SC Litzow, MA Moffitt, S Neher, TH Trochta, J Brenner, R AF Ward, Eric J. Adkison, Milo Couture, Jessica Dressel, Sherri C. Litzow, Michael A. Moffitt, Steve Neher, Tammy Hoem Trochta, John Brenner, Rich TI Evaluating signals of oil spill impacts, climate, and species interactions in Pacific herring and Pacific salmon populations in Prince William Sound and Copper River, Alaska SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EXXON-VALDEZ OIL; HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA VIRUS; FRESH-WATER DISCHARGE; PINK SALMON; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; CLUPEA-PALLASI; ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; TROPHIC DYNAMICS; DATA CONFLICTS AB The Exxon Valdez oil spill occurred in March 1989 in Prince William Sound, Alaska, and was one of the worst environmental disasters on record in the United States. Despite long-term data collection over the nearly three decades since the spill, tremendous uncertainty remains as to how significantly the spill affected fishery resources. Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) and some wild Pacific salmon populations (Oncorhynchus spp.) in Prince William Sound declined in the early 1990s, and have not returned to the population sizes observed in the 1980s. Discerning if, or how much of, this decline resulted from the oil spill has been difficult because a number of other physical and ecological drivers are confounded temporally with the spill; some of these drivers include environmental variability or changing climate regimes, increased production of hatchery salmon in the region, and increases in populations of potential predators. Using data pre-and post-spill, we applied time-series methods to evaluate support for whether and how herring and salmon productivity has been affected by each of five drivers: (1) density dependence, (2) the EVOS event, (3) changing environmental conditions, (4) interspecific competition on juvenile fish, and (5) predation and competition from adult fish or, in the case of herring, humpback whales. Our results showed support for intraspecific density-dependent effects in herring, sockeye, and Chinook salmon, with little overall support for an oil spill effect. Of the salmon species, the largest driver was the negative impact of adult pink salmon returns on sockeye salmon productivity. Herring productivity was most strongly affected by changing environmental conditions; specifically, freshwater discharge into the Gulf of Alaska was linked to a series of recruitment failures-before, during, and after EVOS. These results highlight the need to better understand long terms impacts of pink salmon on food webs, as well as the interactions between nearshore species and freshwater inputs, particularly as they relate to climate change and increasing water temperatures. C1 [Ward, Eric J.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Adkison, Milo] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK USA. [Couture, Jessica] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Dressel, Sherri C.; Brenner, Rich] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Juneau, AK USA. [Litzow, Michael A.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA USA. [Moffitt, Steve] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Cordova, AK USA. [Neher, Tammy Hoem] NOAA, Kasitsna Bay Lab, Natl Ocean Serv, Homer, AK USA. [Trochta, John] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Ward, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM eric.ward@noaa.gov FU NCEAS working group (National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis); Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council (EVOSTC) FX This project was funded as an NCEAS working group (National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, https://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/) by Kristin Marshall, "Applying portfolio effects to the Gulf of Alaska ecosystem". Funding for the working group was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council (EVOSTC). NR 104 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 15 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 3 AR e0172898 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0172898 PG 24 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN9HQ UT WOS:000396311700017 PM 28296895 ER PT J AU Salipante, PF Little, CAE Hudson, SD AF Salipante, Paul F. Little, Charles A. E. Hudson, Steven D. TI Jetting of a shear banding fluid in rectangular ducts SO PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID WORMLIKE MICELLAR-SOLUTIONS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE MICROSCOPY; MESOSCOPIC SIMULATION METHOD; JOHNSON-SEGALMAN FLUID; COMPLEX FLUIDS; GRADUAL CONTRACTION; PARTICLE TRACKING; LINEAR RHEOLOGY; POISEUILLE FLOW; WALL SLIP AB Non-Newtonian fluids are susceptible to flowinstabilities such as shear banding, in which the fluid may exhibit a markedly discontinuous viscosity at a critical stress. Here we report the characteristics and causes of a jetting flow instability of shear banding wormlike micelle solutions in microfluidic channels with rectangular cross sections over an intermediate volumetric flow regime. Particle-tracking methods are used to measure the three-dimensional flow field in channels of differing aspect ratios, sizes, and wall materials. When jetting occurs, it is self-contained within a portion of the channel where the flow velocity is greater than the surroundings. We observe that the instability forms in channels with aspect ratio greater than 5, and that the location of the high-velocity jet appears to be sensitive to stress localizations. Jetting is not observed in a lower concentration solution without shear banding. Simulations using the Johnson-Segalman viscoelastic model show a qualitatively similar behavior to the experimental observations and indicate that compressive normal stresses in the cross-stream directions support the development of the jetting flow. Our results show that nonuniform flow of shear thinning fluids can develop across the wide dimension in rectangular microfluidic channels, with implications for microfluidic rheometry. C1 [Salipante, Paul F.; Hudson, Steven D.] NIST, Polymers & Complex Fluids Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Little, Charles A. E.] NIST, RF Elect Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Salipante, PF (reprint author), NIST, Polymers & Complex Fluids Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.salipante@nist.gov FU NIST FX We acknowledge funding from NIST on a Chip. We thank Kathleen Weigandt for assistance with rheology measurements and Javen Weston and Peter Olmsted for helpful discussions. NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-990X J9 PHYS REV FLUIDS JI Phys. Rev. Fluids PD MAR 14 PY 2017 VL 2 IS 3 AR 033302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevFluids.2.033302 PG 25 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA EN9GK UT WOS:000396308500001 ER PT J AU Lang, XL Lenart, WR Sun, JEP Hammouda, B Hore, MJA AF Lang, Xiaolong Lenart, William R. Sun, Jessie E. P. Hammouda, Boualem Hore, Michael J. A. TI Interaction and Conformation of Aqueous Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) Star Polymers below the LCST SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; EXCLUDED-VOLUME; CHAIN; POLYSTYRENE; TEMPERATURE; ADSORPTION; MODEL; BRUSH; MELTS AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is used to measure the conformation and solution thermodynamics of low dispersity, star branched poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) in water using a newly developed form factor for star branched polymers with excluded volume, in conjunction with the random phase approximation (RPA). Star PNIPAM is synthesized using both ATRP and RAFT, allowing the terminal group and number of arms to be precisely tuned from f = 3 to 6 arms, with bromine, phenyl, and dodecane terminal moieties. SANS measurements show that both the number of arms (f) and synthetic route (i.e., ATRP or RAFT) play a dominant role in the solution behavior of PNIPAM in relation to the interaction parameters, conformation of the arms of the polymer, and clustering/association of the polymers below the LCST. Dodecaneterminated PNIPAM polymers form small, sub-20 nm globules in solution, whereas phenyl- and bromine-terminated polymers form large, micrometer-scale clusters of nearly-Gaussian polymer chains. Multiangle light scattering (MALS) is used to probe the large clusters, finding that their size increases slightly with temperature but is largely independent of terminal group chemistry. C1 [Lang, Xiaolong; Lenart, William R.; Hore, Michael J. A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Sun, Jessie E. P.] Laurel Sch, One Lyman Circle, Shaker Hts, OH 44122 USA. [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hore, MJA (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM hore@case.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1508249] FX This work utilized neutron scattering facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-1508249. The identification of commercial products or experimental methods does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that they are the best for the purpose. The authors thank Prof. Emily Pentzer (Case Western Reserve University) for helpful discussions. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 14 PY 2017 VL 50 IS 5 BP 2145 EP 2154 DI 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00068 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA EO4BM UT WOS:000396639100038 ER PT J AU Li, XH Wang, XM Han, YF Jing, XP Huang, QZ Kuang, XJ Gao, QL Chen, J Xing, XR AF Li, Xiaohui Wang, Xiaoming Han, Yifeng Jing, Xiping Huang, Qingzhen Kuang, Xiaojun Gao, Qilong Chen, Jun Xing, Xianran TI High-Dielectric-Permittivity Layered Nitride CaTiN2 SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BARIUM-TITANATE CERAMICS; OXYNITRIDE PEROVSKITES; CACU3TI4O12; OXIDE C1 [Li, Xiaohui; Han, Yifeng; Kuang, Xiaojun] Guilin Univ Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Guangxi Minist Prov Jointly Constructed Cultivat, Guilin 541004, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaohui; Wang, Xiaoming; Jing, Xiping] Peking Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Huang, Qingzhen] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gao, Qilong; Chen, Jun; Xing, Xianran] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Dept Phys Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RP Kuang, XJ (reprint author), Guilin Univ Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Guangxi Minist Prov Jointly Constructed Cultivat, Guilin 541004, Peoples R China.; Wang, XM (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM wangxm@pku.edu.cn; kuangxj@glut.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21371015, 21622101]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-13-0752]; Guangxi University Hundred Talent Program for Returned Scholars FX National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21371015 and 21622101), Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-13-0752) and Guangxi University Hundred Talent Program for Returned Scholars are acknowledged for the financial support. Prof. Jiyong Yao (Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, CAS) and Mr. Kun Lin (USTB) are acknowledged for the help on the SHG effect measurement and spontaneous polarization calculation, respectively. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 14 PY 2017 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1989 EP 1993 DI 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b05226 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA EO4BO UT WOS:000396639400008 ER PT J AU Bokel, FA Engmann, S Herzing, AA Collins, BA Ro, HW DeLongchamp, DM Richter, LJ Schaible, E Hexemer, A AF Bokel, Felicia A. Engmann, Sebastian Herzing, Andrew A. Collins, Brian A. Ro, Hyun Wook DeLongchamp, Dean M. Richter, Lee J. Schaible, Eric Hexemer, Alexander TI In Situ X-ray Scattering Studies of the Influence of an Additive on the Formation of a Low-Bandgap Bulk Heterojunction SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; HIGH-EFFICIENCY; THIN-FILM; PROCESSING ADDITIVES; MORPHOLOGY CONTROL; ALKANE DITHIOLS; BLEND FILMS; REAL-TIME; PHOTOVOLTAICS; MIXTURES AB The evolution of the morphology of a high -efficiency, blade -coated, organic -photovoltaic (OPV) active layer containing the low band gap polymer poly[(4,8-bis[5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophene-2yl]benzo [1,2-b :4,5-b dithioph en e) -2,6-diyl-a lt-(4-(2-ethylh exan oyl) thieno [3,4-b]thiophene))-2,6-diy1] (PBDTTT-C-T) is examined by in situ X-ray scattering. In situ studies enable real-time characterization of the effect of the processing additive 1,8-diiodoocatane (DIO) on the active layer morphology. In the presence of DIO, X-ray scattering indicates that domain structure radically changes and increases in purity, while X-ray diffraction reveals little change in crystallinity/local order. The solidification behavior of this active layer differs dramatically from those that strongly crystallize such as poly(3hexylthiophene) and small molecule containing systems, exposing significant diversity in the solidification routes relevant to high-efficiency polymer fullerene OPV processing. In the presence of DIO, we find quantitative agreement between the evolution of the phase structure revealed by small -angle X-ray scattering and the binodal phase structure of a simple Flory Huggins model. C1 [Bokel, Felicia A.; Engmann, Sebastian; Collins, Brian A.; Ro, Hyun Wook; DeLongchamp, Dean M.; Richter, Lee J.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Herzing, Andrew A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schaible, Eric; Hexemer, Alexander] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bokel, Felicia A.] BASF Corp, Wyandotte, MI 48192 USA. [Collins, Brian A.] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Richter, LJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lee.richter@nist.gov FU National Research Council; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX F.A.B. and B.A.C. acknowledge a National Research Council fellowship. Beamline support at beamline 11.0.1.2 was provided by Anthony Young and Cheng Wang. Beamline support at beamline 7.3.3 was provided by Eric Schaible and Polite Stewart. Beamlines 11.0.1.2 and 7.3.3 at the Advanced Light Source are supported by the Director of the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 14 PY 2017 VL 29 IS 5 BP 2283 EP 2293 DI 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b05358 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA EO4BO UT WOS:000396639400043 ER PT J AU Schnell, JL Prather, MJ AF Schnell, Jordan L. Prather, Michael J. TI Co-occurrence of extremes in surface ozone, particulate matter, and temperature over eastern North America SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE extremes; ozone; particulate matter; heat waves ID UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AIR-QUALITY; HEAT WAVES; POLLUTION EPISODES; MORTALITY; IMPACT; VARIABILITY; PM2.5; 21ST-CENTURY AB Heat waves and air pollution episodes pose a serious threat to human health and may worsen under future climate change. In this paper, we use 15 years (1999-2013) of commensurately gridded (1 degrees x 1 degrees) surface observations of extended summer (April-September) surface ozone (O-3), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and maximum temperature (TX) over the eastern United States and Canada to construct a climatology of the coincidence, overlap, and lag in space and time of their extremes. Extremes of each quantity are defined climatologically at each grid cell as the 50 d with the highest values in three 5-y windows (similar to 95th percentile). Any two extremes occur on the same day in the same grid cell more than 50% of the time in the northeastern United States, but on a domain average, co-occurrence is approximately 30%. Although not exactly co-occurring, many of these extremes show connectedness with consistent offsets in space and in time, which often defy traditional mechanistic explanations. All three extremes occur primarily in large-scale, multiday, spatially connected episodes with scales of > 1,000 km and clearly coincide with large-scale meteorological features. The largest, longest-lived episodes have the highest incidence of co-occurrence and contain extreme values well above their local 95th percentile threshold, by +7 ppb for O3, +6 mu g m(-3) for PM2.5, and +1.7 degrees C for TX. Our results demonstrate the need to evaluate these extremes as synergistic costressors to accurately quantify their impacts on human health. C1 [Schnell, Jordan L.; Prather, Michael J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Schnell, Jordan L.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Schnell, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM jordan.schnell@princeton.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX15AE35G, NNX13AL12G]; Department of Energy Award [DESC0012536]; National Science Foundation's Graduate Research Fellowship Program [DGE-1321846] FX Research at the University of California, Irvine, was supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration Grants NNX15AE35G and NNX13AL12G and Department of Energy Award DESC0012536. J.L.S. was supported by the National Science Foundation's Graduate Research Fellowship Program (DGE-1321846). NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 14 PY 2017 VL 114 IS 11 BP 2854 EP 2859 DI 10.1073/pnas.1614453114 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN6DH UT WOS:000396094200037 PM 28242682 ER PT J AU Kamusella, S Klauss, HH Thakur, GS Haque, Z Gupta, LC Ganguli, AK Kraft, I Burkhardt, U Rosner, H Luetkens, H Lynn, JW Zhao, Y AF Kamusella, Sirko Klauss, Hans-Henning Thakur, Gohil S. Haque, Zeba Gupta, Laxmi C. Ganguli, Ashok K. Kraft, Inga Burkhardt, Ulrich Rosner, Helge Luetkens, Hubertus Lynn, Jeffrey W. Zhao, Yang TI Magnetism and site exchange in CuFeAs and CuFeSb: A microscopic and theoretical investigation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LIFEAS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MOSSBAUER; NAFEAS; SYSTEM AB We have investigated the magnetic ground state of CuFeAs and CuFeSb by means of Fe-57-Mossbauer spectroscopy, muon spin rotation/ relaxation (mu SR), neutron diffraction, and electronic structure calculations. Both materials share the 111-LiFeAs crystal structure and are closely related to the class of iron-based superconductors. In both materials there is a considerable occupancy of the Cu site by Fe, which leads to ferromagnetic moments, which are magnetically strongly coupled to the regular Fe site magnetism. Our study shows that CuFeAs is close to an antiferromagnetic instability, whereas a ferromagnetic ground state is observed in CuFeSb, supporting theoretical models of anion height driven magnetism. C1 [Kamusella, Sirko; Klauss, Hans-Henning] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Festkorperphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Thakur, Gohil S.; Haque, Zeba; Gupta, Laxmi C.; Ganguli, Ashok K.] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem, New Delhi 110016, India. [Ganguli, Ashok K.] INST, Mohali 160062, India. [Kraft, Inga; Burkhardt, Ulrich; Rosner, Helge] Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, D-01087 Dresden, Germany. [Luetkens, Hubertus] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Muon Spin Spect, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Lynn, Jeffrey W.; Zhao, Yang] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Yang] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kamusella, S (reprint author), Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Festkorperphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. EM sirko.kamusella@tu-dresden.de FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SPP 1458 (KL1086/10-2)]; Research Training Group [GRK 1621] FX We appreciate the financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through the priority program SPP 1458 (KL1086/10-2) and the Research Training Group GRK 1621. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 13 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 9 AR 094415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.95.094415 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA EN4SM UT WOS:000395997200008 ER PT J AU Wagner, R Killgore, J AF Wagner, Ryan Killgore, Jason TI Reconstructing the distributed force on an atomic force microscope cantilever SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; nanomechanics; vibrations ID PROBE; MODULATION; RESOLUTION; LIQUIDS AB A methodology is developed to reconstruct the force applied to an atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilever given the shape in which it vibrates. This is accomplished by rewriting Bernoulli-Euler beam theory such that the force on the cantilever is approximated as a linear superposition of the theoretical cantilever eigenmodes. The weighting factors in this summation are calculated from the amplitude and phase measured along the length of the cantilever. The accuracy of the force reconstruction is shown to depend on the frequency at which the measurement is performed, the number of discrete points measured along the length of the cantilever, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the measured signal. In contrast to other AFM force reconstruction techniques, this method can reconstruct the distribution of force applied over the length of the AFM cantilever. However, this method performs poorly for localized forces applied to the cantilever, such as is typical of most tip-sample interaction forces. Proof of concept experiments are performed on an electrostatically excited cantilever and the expected force distribution is recovered. This force reconstruction technique offers previously unavailable insight into the distributed forces experienced by an AFM cantilever. C1 [Wagner, Ryan; Killgore, Jason] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wagner, R (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD MAR 10 PY 2017 VL 28 IS 10 AR 104002 DI 10.1088/1361-6528/aa5965 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EN1GH UT WOS:000395758000001 PM 28085006 ER PT J AU Fay, G Link, JS Hare, JA AF Fay, Gavin Link, Jason S. Hare, Jonathan A. TI Assessing the effects of ocean acidification in the Northeast US using an end-to-end marine ecosystem model SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Strategic ecosystem modeling; Fisheries management; Climate change; Atlantis; Northwest Atlantic; Ecosystem indicators; Acidification ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; INDICATORS; FISHERIES; ORGANISMS; RESPONSES; ATLANTIC; SYSTEM AB The effects of ocean acidification on living marine resources present serious challenges for managers of these resources. An understanding of the ecosystem consequences of ocean acidification is required to assess tradeoffs among ecosystem components (e.g. fishery yield, protected species conservation, sensitive habitat) and adaptations to this perturbation. We used a marine ecosystem model for the Northeast US continental shelf to address direct and indirect effects of species responses to ocean acidification. Focusing on upper trophic level groups that are primary targets of fishing activity, we projected changes for systemic ecological and fisheries indicators. We modeled effects of ocean acidification as either fixed changes in mortality rate or production for select species groups over twenty years. Biomass and fishery yield of species groups that were modeled to have direct acidification impacts and groups that were not directly impacted both declined, due to both increased mortality/decreased growth and a decrease in availability of food for groups that prey on shelled invertebrates. Our analyses show that food web consequences of ocean acidification can extend beyond groups thought most vulnerable, and to fishery yield and ecosystem structure. However, the magnitude and precise nature of ocean acidification effects depend on understanding likely species' responses to decrease in pH. While predicting the effects of ocean acidification is difficult, the potential impacts on ecosystem structure and function need to be evaluated now to provide scientists and managers preliminary assessments for planning and priority setting. Scenario analysis using simulation models like ours provides a framework for testing hypotheses about ecosystem consequences of acidification, and for integrating results of experiments and monitoring. C1 [Fay, Gavin; Link, Jason S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hare, Jonathan A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Fay, Gavin] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dept Fisheries Oceanog, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. RP Link, JS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Jason.link@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program FX GF and JH were funded through NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program. The authors thank Robert Gamble (NOAA Fisheries) and Beth Fulton and Rebecca Gorton (CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research) for endless assistance with our Atlantis model. We thank Shallin Busch Isaac Kaplan and anonymous reviewers who provided helpful criticism on earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAR 10 PY 2017 VL 347 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.12.016 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK8SE UT WOS:000394193800001 ER PT J AU Kim, E Safavi-Naini, A Hite, DA McKay, KS Pappas, DP Weck, PF Sadeghpour, HR AF Kim, E. Safavi-Naini, A. Hite, D. A. McKay, K. S. Pappas, D. P. Weck, P. F. Sadeghpour, H. R. TI Electric-field noise from carbon-adatom diffusion on a Au(110) surface: First-principles calculations and experiments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; EMISSION FLICKER NOISE; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; COVERAGE DEPENDENCE; ION-TRAP AB The decoherence of trapped-ion quantum gates due to heating of their motional modes is a fundamental science and engineering problem. This heating is attributed to electric-field noise arising from the trap-electrode surfaces. In this work, we investigate the source of this noise by focusing on the diffusion of carbon-containing adsorbates on the surface of Au(110). We show by density functional theory, based on detailed scanning probe microscopy, how the carbon adatom diffusion on the gold surface changes the energy landscape and how the adatom dipole moment varies with the diffusive motion. A simple model for the diffusion noise, which varies quadratically with the variation of the dipole moment, predicts a noise spectrum, in accordance with the measured values. C1 [Kim, E.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys & Astron, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Safavi-Naini, A.] JILA, 440 Univ Ave, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Hite, D. A.; McKay, K. S.; Pappas, D. P.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Weck, P. F.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Sadeghpour, H. R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kim, E (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys & Astron, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors thank D. Wineland, D. Leibfried, and S. Kotler for helpful suggestions on the manuscript. A.S.-N. and H.R.S. benefited from discussions with P. Rabl. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. This article is a contribution of the U.S. Government and is not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 9 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 3 AR 033407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.95.033407 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA EN4ND UT WOS:000395983300010 ER PT J AU Weiner, JM Cox, KC Bohnet, JG Thompson, JK AF Weiner, Joshua M. Cox, Kevin C. Bohnet, Justin G. Thompson, James K. TI Phase synchronization inside a superradiant laser SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION; OSCILLATORS AB Superradiant lasers may soon achieve state-of-the-art frequency purity, with linewidths of 1 mHz or less. In a superradiant (or bad-cavity) laser, coherence is primarily stored in the atomic gain medium instead of the optical field. This phase storage is characterized by spontaneous quantum synchronization of the optical dipole moments of each atom. To observe this synchronization, we create two independent superradiant atomic ensembles lasing in a single optical cavity and observe the dynamics of phase realignment, collective power enhancement, and steady-state frequency locking. This work introduces superradiant ensembles as a testbed for fundamental study of quantum synchronization as well and informs research on narrow linewidth superradiant lasers. C1 [Weiner, Joshua M.; Cox, Kevin C.; Bohnet, Justin G.; Thompson, James K.] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Weiner, Joshua M.; Cox, Kevin C.; Bohnet, Justin G.; Thompson, James K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cox, KC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Cox, KC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM keco3197@colorado.edu FU DARPA QuASAR; ARO; NSF PFC; NIST; NDSEG; National Science Foundation [1125844] FX The authors acknowledge early contributions by Matthew A. Norcia. All authors acknowledge financial support from DARPA QuASAR, ARO, NSF PFC, and NIST. K.C.C. acknowledges support from NDSEG. This work is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1125844. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 9 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 3 AR 033808 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.95.033808 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA EN4ND UT WOS:000395983300014 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Hess, PW Kyprianidis, A Becker, P Lee, A Smith, J Pagano, G Potirniche, ID Potter, AC Vishwanath, A Yao, NY Monroe, C AF Zhang, J. Hess, P. W. Kyprianidis, A. Becker, P. Lee, A. Smith, J. Pagano, G. Potirniche, I. -D. Potter, A. C. Vishwanath, A. Yao, N. Y. Monroe, C. TI Observation of a discrete time crystal SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MANY-BODY LOCALIZATION AB Spontaneous symmetry breaking is a fundamental concept in many areas of physics, including cosmology, particle physics and condensed matter(1). An example is the breaking of spatial translational symmetry, which underlies the formation of crystals and the phase transition from liquid to solid. Using the analogy of crystals in space, the breaking of translational symmetry in time and the emergence of a 'time crystal' was recently proposed(2,3), but was later shown to be forbidden in thermal equilibrium(4-6). However, non-equilibrium Floquet systems, which are subject to a periodic drive, can exhibit persistent time correlations at an emergent subharmonic frequency(7-10). This new phase of matter has been dubbed a 'discrete time crystal'(10). Here we present the experimental observation of a discrete time crystal, in an interacting spin chain of trapped atomic ions. We apply a periodic Hamiltonian to the system under many-body localization conditions, and observe a subharmonic temporal response that is robust to external perturbations. The observation of such a time crystal opens the door to the study of systems with long-range spatio-temporal correlations and novel phases of matter that emerge under intrinsically nonequilibrium conditions(7). C1 [Zhang, J.; Hess, P. W.; Kyprianidis, A.; Becker, P.; Lee, A.; Smith, J.; Pagano, G.; Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhang, J.; Hess, P. W.; Kyprianidis, A.; Becker, P.; Lee, A.; Smith, J.; Pagano, G.; Monroe, C.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Potirniche, I. -D.; Vishwanath, A.; Yao, N. Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Potter, A. C.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Vishwanath, A.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Monroe, C.] IonQ Inc, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Zhang, J (reprint author), NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jiehang.zhang@gmail.com FU ARO Atomic and Molecular Physics Program; AFOSR MURI on Quantum Measurement and Verification; IARPA LogiQ program; IC Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program; NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI; Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science; AFOSR MURI grant [FA9550- 14-1-0035]; Simons Investigator Program; LDRD Program of LBNL under US DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We acknowledge discussions with M. Zaletel and D. Stamper-Kurn. This work was supported by the ARO Atomic and Molecular Physics Program, the AFOSR MURI on Quantum Measurement and Verification, the IARPA LogiQ program, the IC Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program, the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI (and the PFC Seed Grant), and the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science. A.V. was supported by the AFOSR MURI grant FA9550- 14-1-0035 and the Simons Investigator Program. N.Y.Y. acknowledges support from the LDRD Program of LBNL under US DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 9 PY 2017 VL 543 IS 7644 BP 217 EP + DI 10.1038/nature21413 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN0GQ UT WOS:000395688700033 PM 28277505 ER PT J AU Tettelbach, ST Europe, JR Tettelbach, CRH Havelin, J Rodgers, BS Furman, BT Velasquez, M AF Tettelbach, Stephen T. Europe, James R. Tettelbach, Christian R. H. Havelin, Jason Rodgers, Brooke S. Furman, Bradley T. Velasquez, Marissa TI Hard clam walking: Active horizontal locomotion of adult Mercenaria mercenaria at the sediment surface and behavioral suppression after extensive sampling SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ELLIPTIO-COMPLANATA MOLLUSCA; CRAWLING BEHAVIOR; INTENSIVE RESTORATION; FERTILIZATION SUCCESS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; BURROWING BEHAVIOR; MACOMA-BALTHICA; BODY-SIZE; UNIONIDAE; BIVALVIA AB Locomotion of infaunal bivalve mollusks primarily consists of vertical movements related to burrowing; horizontal movements have only been reported for a few species. Here, we characterize hard clam walking: active horizontal locomotion of adults (up to 118 mm shell length, SL) of the commercially important species, Mercenaria mercenaria, at the sediment surface-a behavior only briefly noted in the literature. We opportunistically observed walking over a 10-yr period, at 9 different sites in the Peconic Bays, New York, USA, and tested several hypotheses for the underlying cause of this behavior through quantitative field sampling and reproductive analyses. Hard clam walking was exhibited by males and females at equal frequency, predominantly during June/July and October, when clams were in peak spawning condition. Extensive walking behavior appears to be cued by a minimum population density; we suggest it may be mediated by unidentified pheromone(s), infaunal pressure waves and/or other unidentified factors. There was no directionality exhibited by walking clams, but individuals in an area of extensive walking were highly aggregated and walking clams were significantly more likely to move toward a member of the opposite sex. Thus, we conclude that hard clam walking serves to aggregate mature individuals prior to spawning, thereby facilitating greater fertilization success. In the process of investigating this behavior, however, we apparently oversampled one population and reduced clam densities below the estimated minimum threshold density and, in so doing, suppressed extensive walking for a period of > 3 years running. This not only reinforces the importance of detailed field investigations of species biology and ecology, even for those that are considered to be well studied, but also highlights the need for greater awareness of the potential for research activities to affect focal species behavior. C1 [Tettelbach, Stephen T.] LIU Post, Dept Biol, Brookville, NY 11548 USA. [Europe, James R.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Tettelbach, Christian R. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Nat Resources, Berkeley, CA USA. [Havelin, Jason] Cornell Cooperat Extens Suffolk Cty, Marine Program, Southold, NY USA. [Rodgers, Brooke S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Southampton, NY USA. [Furman, Bradley T.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Clark Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Velasquez, Marissa] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Tettelbach, ST (reprint author), LIU Post, Dept Biol, Brookville, NY 11548 USA. EM Stephen.Tettelbach@liu.edu FU Suffolk County Water Quality Protection and Restoration Program [HSN1]; Long Island University; Suffolk County (NY) Water Quality Protection and Restoration Program FX Funding which helped support the project activities was obtained from the Suffolk County Water Quality Protection and Restoration Program (http://www.suffolkcountyny.gov/Departments/ EnconomicDevelopmentandPlanning/PlanningandEnvironment/WaterOualityImpro vement aspx), under contract # HSN1 to Cornell Cooperative Extension of Suffolk County (Christopher F. Smith) and Long Island University (STT). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; We are grateful for funding from the Suffolk County (NY) Water Quality Protection and Restoration Program. We thank the following individuals for their assistance: Scott Hughes, Brigid Maloney, Matthew Schwartz, Michael Cotrone, Justin Ecret and Hailey Brosnan (field work); Bassem Allam (histological analyses); Matthew Harke and Christopher Gobler (chlorophyll analyses). We also appreciate the thoughtful and constructive comments of the Academic Editor and two reviewers. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 9 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 3 AR e0173626 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0173626 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN6AW UT WOS:000396087900021 PM 28278288 ER PT J AU Fossard, F Hug, G Gilmore, K Kas, JJ Rehr, JJ Vila, FD Shirley, EL AF Fossard, F. Hug, G. Gilmore, K. Kas, J. J. Rehr, J. J. Vila, F. D. Shirley, E. L. TI Quantitative first-principles calculations of valence and core excitation spectra of solid C-60 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-ENERGY-LOSS; THIN-FILMS; FULLERENE C-60; LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; BAND DISPERSION; CROSS-SECTION; GAS; CARBON; C60; BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE AB We present calculated valence and C 1s near-edge excitation spectra of solid C-60 and experimental results measured with high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy. The near-edge calculations are carried out using three different methods: solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) as implemented in the OCEAN suite (Obtaining Core Excitations with Ab Initio methods and the NIST BSE solver), the excited-electron core-hole approach, and the constrained-occupancy method using the Stockholm-Berlin core excitation code, StoBe. The three methods give similar results and are in good agreement with experiment, though the BSE results are the most accurate. The BSE formalism is also used to carry out valence level calculations using the NIST BSE solver. Theoretical results include self-energy corrections to the band gap and bandwidths, lifetime-damping effects, and Debye-Waller effects in the core excitation case. A comparison of spectral features to those observed experimentally illustrates the sensitivity of certain features to computational details, such as self-energy corrections to the band structure and core-hole screening. C1 [Fossard, F.; Hug, G.] CNRS, ONERA, Lab Etud Microstruct, BP 72, F-92322 Chatillon, France. [Gilmore, K.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Kas, J. J.; Rehr, J. J.; Vila, F. D.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Shirley, E. L.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr MS 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shirley, EL (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr MS 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.shirley@nist.gov FU DOE BES Grant [DE-FG02-97ER45623] FX This work was supported in part by DOE BES Grant No. DE-FG02-97ER45623 (J.J.R., J.J.K., F.D.V.). We thank H. Katayanagi for a digital version of the optical constants of Yagi et al. [19]. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 8 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 11 AR 115112 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.95.115112 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA EN4WJ UT WOS:000396007300001 ER PT J AU Berry, MA White, JD Davis, TW Jain, S Johengen, TH Dick, GJ Sarnelle, O Denef, VJ AF Berry, Michelle A. White, Jeffrey D. Davis, Timothy W. Jain, Sunit Johengen, Thomas H. Dick, Gregory J. Sarnelle, Orlando Denef, Vincent J. TI Are Oligotypes Meaningful Ecological and Phylogenetic Units? A Case Study of Microcystis in Freshwater Lakes SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oligotypes; microbial species; ecotypes; dada2; 16S rRNA gene sequencing; Microcystis ID RNA GENE-SEQUENCES; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; TOXIC CYANOBACTERIUM; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; FUNDAMENTAL UNITS; 16S; DIFFERENTIATION; PROKARYOTES; SYSTEMATICS; EVOLUTION AB Oligotyping is a computational method used to increase the resolution of marker gene microbiome studies. Although oligotyping can distinguish highly similar sequence variants, the resulting units are not necessarily phylogenetically and ecologically informative due to limitations of the selected marker gene. In this perspective, we examine how oligotyping data is interpreted in recent literature, and we illustrate some of the method's constraints with a case study of the harmful bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis. We identified three Microcystis oligotypes from a western Lake Erie bacterial community 16S rRNA gene (V4 region) survey that had previously clustered into one OTU. We found the same three oligotypes and two additional sequence variants in 46 Microcystis cultures isolated from Michigan inland lakes spanning a trophic gradient. In Lake Erie, shifts in Microcystis oligotypes corresponded to spatial nutrient gradients and temporal transitions in bloom toxicity. In the cultures, Microcystis oligotypes showed preferential distributions for different trophic states, but genomic data revealed that the oligotypes identified in Lake Erie did not correspond to toxin gene presence. Thus, oligotypes could not be used for inferring toxic ecotypes. Most strikingly, Microcystis oligotypes were not monophyletic. Our study supports the utility of oligotyping for distinguishing sequence types along certain ecological features, while it stresses that 16S rRNA gene sequence types may not reflect ecologically or phylogenetically cohesive populations. Therefore, we recommend that studies employing oligotyping or related tools consider these caveats during data interpretation. C1 [Berry, Michelle A.; Denef, Vincent J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [White, Jeffrey D.] Framingham State Univ, Dept Biol, Framingham, MA USA. [Davis, Timothy W.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Jain, Sunit; Dick, Gregory J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Johengen, Thomas H.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Sarnelle, Orlando] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Denef, VJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM vdenef@umich.edu FU Erb Family Foundation made through the University of Michigan Water Center; EPA Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; Gull Lake Quality Organization; Wildlife Fellowship at Michigan State University FX GD, TJ, TD, and VD were supported by a grant from the Erb Family Foundation made through the University of Michigan Water Center and by funds from EPA Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. JW and OS were supported by funds from the Gull Lake Quality Organization, and the Robert C. Ball and Betty A. Ball Fisheries and Wildlife Fellowship at Michigan State University. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD MAR 8 PY 2017 VL 8 AR 365 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00365 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EN0DY UT WOS:000395681700001 PM 28337183 ER PT J AU Karna, SK Zhao, Y Sankar, R Avdeev, M Tseng, PC Wang, W Shu, GJ Matan, K Guo, GY Chou, FC AF Karna, Sunil K. Zhao, Y. Sankar, R. Avdeev, M. Tseng, P. C. Wang, W. Shu, G. J. Matan, K. Guo, G. Y. Chou, F. C. TI Sodium layer chiral distribution and spin structure of Na2Ni2TeO6 with a Ni honeycomb lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PHASE-DIAGRAM; BATTERY AB The nature of Na ion distribution, diffusion path, and the spin structure of P2-type Na2Ni2TeO6 with a Ni honeycomb lattice has been explored. The nuclear density distribution of Na ions reveals a two-dimensional (2D) chiral pattern within Na layers without breaking the original 3D crystal symmetry, which has been achieved uniquely via an inverse Fourier transform (iFT)-assisted neutron-diffraction technique. The Na diffusion pathway described by the calculated isosurface of the Na ion bond valence sum (BVS) map is found consistent to a chiral diffusion mechanism. The Na site occupancy and Ni2+ spin ordering were examined in detail with the neutron diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, thermal conductivity, and transport measurements. Signatures of both strong incommensurate (ICM) and weak commensurate (CM) antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin ordering were identified in the polycrystalline sample studied, and the CM-AFM spin ordering was confirmed by using a single-crystal sample through the k scan in the momentum space corresponding to the AFM peak of (1/2,0,1). C1 [Karna, Sunil K.; Sankar, R.; Shu, G. J.; Chou, F. C.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Karna, Sunil K.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Zhao, Y.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sankar, R.] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Avdeev, M.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. [Tseng, P. C.; Guo, G. Y.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Wang, W.] Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Neutron Grp, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan. [Matan, K.] Mahidol Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Guo, G. Y.] Natl Ctr Theoret Sci, Div Phys, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Chou, F. C.] Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan. [Chou, F. C.] Minist Sci & Technol, Taiwan Consortium Emergent Crystalline Mat, Taipei 10622, Taiwan. RP Karna, SK (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.; Karna, SK (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM karna1@lsu.edu; fcchou@ntu.edu.tw FU Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan [103-2119-M-002-020-MY3]; neutron group of National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), Taiwan under MOST [103-2739-M-213-001-MY3]; ANSTO; NIST FX F.C.C. acknowledges support funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan under Project No. 103-2119-M-002-020-MY3 and the neutron group of National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), Taiwan under MOST Project No. 103-2739-M-213-001-MY3. We acknowledge the support of the ANSTO and NIST for providing the neutron beam time that made the neutronscattering measurements possible. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 8 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 10 AR 104408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.95.104408 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA EN4UG UT WOS:000396001800007 ER PT J AU Merrill, NA Nitka, TT Mckee, EM Merino, KC Drummy, LF Lee, S Reinhart, B Ren, Y Munro, CJ Pylypenko, S Frenkel, AI Bedford, NM Knecht, MR AF Merrill, Nicholas A. Nitka, Tadeusz T. McKee, Erik M. Merino, Kyle C. Drummy, Lawrence F. Lee, Sungsik Reinhart, Benjamin Ren, Yang Munro, Catherine J. Pylypenko, Svitlana Frenkel, Anatoly I. Bedford, Nicholas M. Knecht, Marc R. TI Effects of Metal Composition and Ratio on Peptide-Templated Multimetallic PdPt Nanomaterials SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE peptides; nanoparticle; bimetallic; catalysis; X-ray characterization; atomic characterization ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; DENDRIMER-ENCAPSULATED CATALYSTS; OXYGEN REDUCTION; CORE-SHELL; NANOPARTICLES; PLATINUM; HYDROGENATION; MORPHOGENESIS; NANOCATALYSTS; BACTERIOPHAGE AB It can be difficult to simultaneously control the size, composition, and morphology of metal nanomaterials under benign aqueous conditions. For this, bioinspired approaches have become increasingly popular due to their ability to stabilize a wide array of metal catalysts under ambient conditions. In this regard, we used the R5 peptide as a three-dimensional template for formation of PdPt bimetallic nanomaterials. Monometallic Pd and Pt nanomaterials have been shown to be highly reactive toward a variety of catalytic processes, but by forming bimetallic species, increased catalytic activity may be realized. The optimal metal to -metal ratio was determined by varying the Pd:Pt ratio to obtain the largest increase in catalytic activity. To better understand the morphology and the local atomic structure of the materials, the bimetallic PdPt nanomaterials were extensively studied by transmission electron microscopy, extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and pair distribution function analysis. The resulting PdPt materials were determined to form multicomponent nanostructures where the Pt component demonstrated varying degrees of oxidation based upon the Pd:Pt ratio. To test the catalytic reactivity of the materials, olefin hydrogenation was conducted, which indicated a slight catalytic enhancement for the multicomponent materials. These results suggest a strong correlation between the metal ratio and the stabilizing biotemplate in controlling the final materials morphology, composition, and the interactions between the two metal species. C1 [Merrill, Nicholas A.; McKee, Erik M.; Merino, Kyle C.; Munro, Catherine J.; Bedford, Nicholas M.; Knecht, Marc R.] Univ Miami, Dept Chem, 1301 Mem Dr, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Nitka, Tadeusz T.; Pylypenko, Svitlana] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Drummy, Lawrence F.; Bedford, Nicholas M.] US Air Force, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lee, Sungsik; Reinhart, Benjamin; Ren, Yang] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 South Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Frenkel, Anatoly I.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Chem Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Bedford, Nicholas M.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bedford, NM; Knecht, MR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Chem, 1301 Mem Dr, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA.; Bedford, NM (reprint author), US Air Force, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Frenkel, AI (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Chem Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.; Bedford, NM (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM anatoly.frenkel@stonybrook.edu; nicholas.bedford.ctr@us.afmil; knecht@miami.edu RI Frenkel, Anatoly/D-3311-2011 OI Frenkel, Anatoly/0000-0002-5451-1207 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1145175]; National Research Council; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences within the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-03ER15476]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was partially supportedby the National Science Foundation (M.R.K.: DMR-1145175). N.M.B. acknowledges fellowship support from a National Research Council associateship award during the initial phases of this work. A.I.F. acknowledges funding by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences within the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Grant DE-FG02-03ER15476. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD MAR 8 PY 2017 VL 9 IS 9 BP 8030 EP 8040 DI 10.1021/acsami.6b11651 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA EN7MD UT WOS:000396186000018 PM 28156088 ER PT J AU Rogers, HS Buhle, ER HilleRisLambers, J Fricke, EC Miller, RH Tewksbury, JJ AF Rogers, Haldre S. Buhle, Eric R. HilleRisLambers, Janneke Fricke, Evan C. Miller, Ross H. Tewksbury, Joshua J. TI Effects of an invasive predator cascade to plants via mutualism disruption SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL TREE COMMUNITY; SEED DISPERSAL; DEPENDENT MORTALITY; RECRUITMENT; PATTERNS; FORESTS; SNAKE; CONSEQUENCES; IMPACTS; MODELS AB Invasive vertebrate predators are directly responsible for the extinction or decline of many vertebrate species, but their indirect impacts often go unmeasured, potentially leading to an underestimation of their full impact. When invasives extirpate functionally important mutualists, dependent species are likely to be affected as well. Here, we show that the invasive brown treesnake, directly responsible for the extirpation of forest birds from the island of Guam, is also indirectly responsible for a severe decline in plant recruitment as a result of disrupting the fruit-frugivore mutualism. To assess the impact of frugivore loss on plants, we compare seed dispersal and recruitment of two fleshy-fruited tree species on Guam and three nearby islands with intact disperser communities. We conservatively estimate that the loss of frugivorous birds caused by the brown treesnake may have caused a 61-92% decline in seedling recruitment. This case study highlights the potential for predator invasions to cause indirect, pervasive and easily overlooked interaction cascades. C1 [Rogers, Haldre S.; Fricke, Evan C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, 251 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Rogers, Haldre S.; HilleRisLambers, Janneke; Fricke, Evan C.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rogers, Haldre S.] Rice Univ, Dept Biosci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Buhle, Eric R.] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Miller, Ross H.] Univ Guam, Western Pacific Trop Res Ctr, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. [Tewksbury, Joshua J.] Colorado Global Hub Future Earth, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tewksbury, Joshua J.] Univ Colorado, Sustainabil Innovat Lab Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tewksbury, Joshua J.] Colorado State Univ, Sch Global Environm Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Rogers, HS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, 251 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA.; Rogers, HS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Rogers, HS (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Biosci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM haldre@iastate.edu FU Budweiser Conservation Scholarship through the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship; National Science Foundation [DEB-0816465]; US Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative [2008-03106]; National Science Foundation IGERT Fellowship FX Funding was provided by the Budweiser Conservation Scholarship through the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, the National Science Foundation Graduate Research and IGERT Fellowships to HSR, and the National Science Foundation DEB-0816465 and US Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative 2008-03106. Thanks to Kaitlin Mattos, Eliza Hooshiar, Isaac Chellman and the EBL field crew for data collection. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD MAR 8 PY 2017 VL 8 AR 14557 DI 10.1038/ncomms14557 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN0CM UT WOS:000395677900001 PM 28270682 ER PT J AU Wen, JJ Koohpayeh, SM Ross, KA Trump, BA McQueen, TM Kimura, K Nakatsuji, S Qiu, Y Pajerowski, DM Copley, JRD Broholm, CL AF Wen, J. -J. Koohpayeh, S. M. Ross, K. A. Trump, B. A. McQueen, T. M. Kimura, K. Nakatsuji, S. Qiu, Y. Pajerowski, D. M. Copley, J. R. D. Broholm, C. L. TI Disordered Route to the Coulomb Quantum Spin Liquid: Random Transverse Fields on Spin Ice in Pr2Zr2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PYROCHLORE AB Inelastic neutron scattering reveals a broad continuum of excitations in Pr2Zr2O7, the temperature and magnetic field dependence of which indicate a continuous distribution of quenched transverse fields (Delta) acting on the non-Kramers Pr3+ crystal field ground state doublets. Spin-ice correlations are apparent within 0.2 meV of the Zeeman energy. A random phase approximation provides an excellent account of the data with a transverse field distribution rho(Delta) proportional to (Delta(2) + Gamma(2))(-1), where Gamma=0.27(1) meV. Established during high temperature synthesis due to an underlying structural instability, it appears disorder in Pr2Zr2O7 actually induces a quantum spin liquid. C1 [Wen, J. -J.; Koohpayeh, S. M.; Ross, K. A.; McQueen, T. M.; Broholm, C. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Wen, J. -J.; Koohpayeh, S. M.; Ross, K. A.; McQueen, T. M.; Broholm, C. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Wen, J. -J.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Wen, J. -J.] Stanford Inst Mat & Energy Sci, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ross, K. A.; Qiu, Y.; Pajerowski, D. M.; Copley, J. R. D.; Broholm, C. L.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Trump, B. A.; McQueen, T. M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [McQueen, T. M.; Broholm, C. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kimura, K.; Nakatsuji, S.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. [Kimura, K.] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Div Mat Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5608531, Japan. [Nakatsuji, S.] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. RP Wen, JJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.; Wen, JJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.; Wen, JJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.; Wen, JJ (reprint author), Stanford Inst Mat & Energy Sci, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Kimura, Kenta/F-4267-2017 FU U.S. Department of Energy, office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-08ER46544]; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency; Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science [16H02209, 15H05882, 15H05883, R2604]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1508249]; Stanford; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division [DE-AC02-76SF00515] FX The work at IQM was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46544. This work is partially supported by CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Grant No. 16H02209), by Grants-in-Aids for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Grants No. 15H05882, No. 15H05883) and Program for Advancing Strategic International Networks to Accelerate the Circulation of Talented Researchers (Program No. R2604) from the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-1508249. J. W. acknowledges the support at Stanford and SLAC by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 8 PY 2017 VL 118 IS 10 AR 107206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.107206 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA EN5LQ UT WOS:000396047400010 PM 28339241 ER PT J AU Forbes, TP Staymates, M AF Forbes, Thomas P. Staymates, Matthew TI Enhanced aerodynamic reach of vapor and aerosol sampling for real-time mass spectrometric detection using Venturi-assisted entrainment and ionization SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Vapor and aerosol detection; Remote sampling; Explosives detection; Venturi-assisted entrainment; Aerodynamic reach; Mass spectrometry ID PRESSURE CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; ANALYTICAL PERFORMANCE; MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; RAPID DETECTION; GAS-FLOW; EXPLOSIVES; AIR; ARRAY; DIFFERENTIATION AB Venturi-assisted ENTrainment and Ionization (VENTI) was developed, demonstrating efficient entrainment, collection, and transport of remotely sampled vapors, aerosols, and dust particulate for real-time mass spectrometry (MS) detection. Integrating the Venturi and Coanda( effects at multiple locations generated flow and analyte transport from non-proximate locations and more importantly enhanced the aerodynamic reach at the point of collection. Transport through remote sampling probes up to 2.5 m in length was achieved with residence times on the order of 10(-2) s to 10(-1) s and Reynolds numbers on the order of 10(3) to 10(4). The Venturi-assisted entrainment successfully enhanced vapor collection and detection by greater than an order of magnitude at 20 cm stand-off (limit of simple suction). This enhancement is imperative, as simple suction restricts sampling to the immediate vicinity, requiring close proximity to the vapor source. In addition, the overall aerodynamic reach distance was increased by approximately 3-fold over simple suction under the investigated conditions. Enhanced aerodynamic reach was corroborated and observed with laser-light sheet flow visualization and schlieren imaging. Coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), the detection of a range of volatile chemical vapors; explosive vapors; explosive, narcotic, and mustard gas surrogate (methyl salicylate) aerosols; and explosive dust particulate was demonstrated. Continuous real-time Venturi-assisted monitoring of a large room (approximately 90 m(2) area, 570 m(3) volume) was demonstrated for a 60-min period without the remote sampling probe, exhibiting detection of chemical vapors and methyl salicylate at approximately 3 m stand-off distances within 2 min of exposure. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Forbes, Thomas P.; Staymates, Matthew] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Forbes, TP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.forbes@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, Homeland Security Advanced Research Projects Agency, Explosives Division [IAA HSHQPM-15-T-00050]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The authors thank Dr. Edward Sisco and Dr. Greg Gillen at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for stimulating discussions. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, Homeland Security Advanced Research Projects Agency, Explosives Division sponsored a portion of the production of this material under Interagency Agreement IAA HSHQPM-15-T-00050 with the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 EI 1873-4324 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD MAR 8 PY 2017 VL 957 BP 20 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2016.12.037 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA EJ5IZ UT WOS:000393252900003 PM 28107830 ER PT J AU Burkholder, JB Abbate, JPD Barnes, I Roberts, JM Melamed, ML Ammann, M Bertram, AK Cappa, CD Carlton, AG Carpenter, LJ Crowley, JN Dubowski, Y Georges, C Heard, DE Herrmann, H Keutsch, FN Kroll, JH McNeill, VF Ng, NL Nizkorodov, SA Orlando, JJ Percival, CJ Picquet-Varrault, B Rudich, Y Seakins, PW Surratt, JD Tanimoto, H Thornton, JA Tong, Z Tyndall, GS Wahner, A Weschler, CJ Wilson, KR Ziemann, PJ AF Burkholder, James B. Abbate, Jonathan P. D. Barnes, Ian Roberts, James M. Melamed, Megan L. Ammann, Markus Bertram, Allan K. Cappa, Christopher D. Carlton, Annmarie G. Carpenter, Lucy J. Crowley, John N. Dubowski, Yael Georges, Christian Heard, Dwayne E. Herrmann, Hartmut Keutsch, Frank N. Kroll, Jesse H. McNeill, V. Faye Nga Lee Ng Nizkorodov, Sergey A. Orlando, John J. Percival, Carl J. Picquet-Varrault, Benedicte Rudich, Yinon Seakins, Paul W. Surratt, Jason D. Tanimoto, Hiroshi Thornton, Joel A. Tong, Zhu Tyndall, Geoffrey S. Wahner, Andreas Weschler, Charles J. Wilson, Kevin R. Ziemann, Paul J. TI The Essential Role for Laboratory Studies in Atmospheric Chemistry SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; NITROUS-ACID; AIR-QUALITY; GAS-PHASE; INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS; PARTICULATE MATTER; REACTIVE UPTAKE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLIMATE; ISOPRENE AB Laboratory studies of atmospheric chemistry characterize the nature of atmospherically relevant processes down to the molecular level, providing fundamental information used to assess how human activities drive environmental phenomena such as climate change, urban air pollution, ecosystem health, indoor air quality, and stratospheric ozone depletion. Laboratory studies have a central role in addressing the incomplete fundamental knowledge of atmospheric chemistry. This article highlights the evolving science needs for this community and emphasizes how our knowledge is far from complete, hindering our ability to predict the future state of our atmosphere and to respond to emerging global environmental change issues. Laboratory studies provide rich opportunities to expand our understanding of the atmosphere via collaborative research with the modeling and field measurement communities, and with neighboring disciplines. C1 [Burkholder, James B.; Roberts, James M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Abbate, Jonathan P. D.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. [Barnes, Ian] Univ Wuppertal, Sch Math & Nat Sci, Inst Atmospher & Environm Res, Gauss Str 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany. [Melamed, Megan L.] Univ Colorado CIRES, IGAC Execut Officer, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ammann, Markus] Paul Scherrer Inst, Environm Chem Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Bertram, Allan K.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Cappa, Christopher D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Carlton, Annmarie G.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92617 USA. [Carpenter, Lucy J.] Univ York, Dept Chem, Wolfson Atmospher Chem Labs, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Crowley, John N.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz, Germany. [Dubowski, Yael] Israel Inst Technol, Fac Civil & Environm Engn Techn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Georges, Christian] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, Inst Rech Catalyse & Environn Lyon, IRCELYON UMR5256, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France. [Heard, Dwayne E.] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Herrmann, Hartmut] Leibniz Inst Tropospharenforschung TROPOS, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Keutsch, Frank N.] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02128 USA. [Kroll, Jesse H.] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [McNeill, V. Faye] Columbia Univ, Chem Engn, New York, NY USA. [Nga Lee Ng] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nga Lee Ng] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nizkorodov, Sergey A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Orlando, John J.; Tyndall, Geoffrey S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Percival, Carl J.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Picquet-Varrault, Benedicte] Univ Paris Est Creteil, UMR CNRS 7583, LISA, Creteil, France. [Picquet-Varrault, Benedicte] Univ Paris Diderot, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Creteil, France. [Rudich, Yinon] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Seakins, Paul W.] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Surratt, Jason D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Tanimoto, Hiroshi] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Thornton, Joel A.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Tong, Zhu] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wahner, Andreas] Forschungszentrum Julich, IEK8 Troposphere, Inst Energy & Climate Res, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Weschler, Charles J.] Rutgers State Univ, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Wilson, Kevin R.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Ziemann, Paul J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Abbate, JPD (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov; jabbatt@chem.utoronto.ca RI Ammann, Markus/E-4576-2011 OI Ammann, Markus/0000-0001-5922-9000 FU International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project FX This article arose from discussions at a workshop sponsored by the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project (http://www.igacproject.org) on "The Future of Laboratory Studies in Atmospheric Chemistry". As well, we thank NOAA for hosting the event. We thank A. Reiser and D. K. Papanastasiou for help with the figures, and B. Christensen with help during the submission process. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 7 PY 2017 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2519 EP 2528 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b04947 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EN4FQ UT WOS:000395963800004 PM 28169528 ER PT J AU Olivieri, G Parry, KM Powell, CJ Tobias, DJ Brown, MA AF Olivieri, Giorgia Parry, Krista M. Powell, Cedric J. Tobias, Douglas J. Brown, Matthew A. TI Simulated photoelectron intensities at the aqueous solution- air interface for flat and cylindrical (microjet) geometries SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AUGER-ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; LIQUID-VAPOR INTERFACE; SURFACES; DEPTH AB Ion spatial distributions at the aqueous-air/ vacuum interface are accessible by energy-dependent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Here we quantify the difference between a flat surface and a cylindrical microjet in terms of the energy-dependent information depth of the XPS experiment and in terms of the simulated photoelectron intensities using solutions of pure water and of 1 mol L-1 NaI as examples. C1 [Olivieri, Giorgia; Brown, Matthew A.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Mat, Lab Surface Sci & Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Parry, Krista M.; Tobias, Douglas J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Powell, Cedric J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brown, MA (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Mat, Lab Surface Sci & Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. EM matthew.brown@mat.ethz.ch FU ETH Research [ETH-2013-2]; National Science Foundation [CHE- 0431312] FX G. O. was funded through an ETH Research Grant ( no.ETH-2013-2). The work at UC Irvine was supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation ( no.CHE-0431312). NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 7 PY 2017 VL 19 IS 9 BP 6330 EP 6333 DI 10.1039/c6cp07539h PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA EN5FO UT WOS:000396031200002 PM 28203664 ER PT J AU Kim, KW O'Brien, L Crowell, PA Leighton, C Stiles, MD AF Kim, K. -W. O'Brien, L. Crowell, P. A. Leighton, C. Stiles, M. D. TI Theory of Kondo suppression of spin polarization in nonlocal spin valves SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC MULTILAYERS; PERPENDICULAR MAGNETORESISTANCE; METALS; ACCUMULATION; RESISTIVITY; RELAXATION; INJECTION; CURRENTS; MINIMUM; ALLOYS AB We theoretically analyze contributions from the Kondo effect to the spin polarization and spin diffusion length in all-metal nonlocal spin valves. Interdiffusion of ferromagnetic atoms into the normal metal layer creates a region in which Kondo physics plays a significant role, giving discrepancies between experiment and existing theory. We start from a simple model and construct a modified spin drift-diffusion equation which clearly demonstrates how the Kondo physics not only suppresses the electrical conductivity but even more strongly reduces the spin diffusion length. We also present an explicit expression for the suppression of spin polarization due to Kondo physics in an illustrative regime. We compare this theory to previous experimental data to extract an estimate of the Elliot-Yafet probability for Kondo spin flip scattering of 0.7 +/- 0.4, in good agreement with the value of 2/3 derived in the original theory of Kondo. C1 [Kim, K. -W.; Stiles, M. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, K. -W.] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kim, K. -W.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [O'Brien, L.; Leighton, C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [O'Brien, L.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Thin Film Magnetism, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [O'Brien, L.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. [Crowell, P. A.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Leighton, C (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM leighton@umn.edu; mark.stiles@nist.gov FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [2016R1A6A3A03008831]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; ERC Synergy Grant SC2 [610115]; Transregional Collaborative Research Center [(SFB/TRR) 173 SPIN+X]; Seagate Technology Inc.; University of Minnesota (UMN) NSF MRSEC [DMR-1420013, DMR-1507048]; European Community [299376] FX The authors acknowledge P. Haney and O. Gomonay for critical reading of the manuscript. K.W.K. was supported by the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (70NANB10H193), through the University of Maryland. K.W.K also acknowledges support by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2016R1A6A3A03008831), Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, the ERC Synergy Grant SC2 (No. 610115), and the Transregional Collaborative Research Center (SFB/TRR) 173 SPIN+X. Work at the University of Minnesota was funded by Seagate Technology Inc., the University of Minnesota (UMN) NSF MRSEC under Awards No. DMR-1420013, and No. DMR-1507048. L.O'B. acknowledges a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within European Community Seventh Framework Programme (Project No. 299376). NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 7 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 10 AR 104404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.95.104404 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA EN4UB UT WOS:000396001300002 ER PT J AU Kennedy, DJ Seltzer, SJ Jimenez-Martinez, R Ring, HL Malecek, NS Knappe, S Donley, EA Kitching, J Bajaj, VS Pines, A AF Kennedy, Daniel J. Seltzer, Scott J. Jimenez-Martinez, Ricardo Ring, Hattie L. Malecek, Nicolas S. Knappe, Svenja Donley, Elizabeth A. Kitching, John Bajaj, Vikram S. Pines, Alexander TI An optimized microfabricated platform for the optical generation and detection of hyperpolarized Xe-129 SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; LASER-POLARIZED XE-129; SPIN-EXCHANGE; ATOMIC MAGNETOMETER; REMOTE-DETECTION; NMR DETECTION; NOBLE-GASES; VAPOR CELLS; HUMAN LUNG; MRI AB Low thermal-equilibrium nuclear spin polarizations and the need for sophisticated instrumentation render conventional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and imaging (MRI) incompatible with small-scale microfluidic devices. Hyperpolarized Xe-129 gas has found use in the study of many materials but has required very large and expensive instrumentation. Recently a microfabricated device with modest instrumentation demonstrated all-optical hyperpolarization and detection of Xe-129 gas. This device was limited by Xe-129 polarizations less than 1%, Xe-129 NMR signals smaller than 20 nT, and transport of hyperpolarized Xe-129 over millimeter lengths. Higher polarizations, versatile detection schemes, and flow of Xe-129 over larger distances are desirable for wider applications. Here we demonstrate an ultra-sensitive microfabricated platform that achieves Xe-129 polarizations reaching 7%, NMR signals exceeding 1 mu T, lifetimes up to 6 s, and simultaneous two-mode detection, consisting of a high-sensitivity in situ channel with signal-to-noise of 105 and a lower-sensitivity ex situ detection channel which may be useful in a wider variety of conditions. Xe-129 is hyperpolarized and detected in locations more than 1 cm apart. Our versatile device is an optimal platform for microfluidic magnetic resonance in particular, but equally attractive for wider nuclear spin applications benefitting from ultra-sensitive detection, long coherences, and simple instrumentation. C1 [Kennedy, Daniel J.; Seltzer, Scott J.; Ring, Hattie L.; Malecek, Nicolas S.; Bajaj, Vikram S.; Pines, Alexander] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kennedy, Daniel J.; Seltzer, Scott J.; Ring, Hattie L.; Bajaj, Vikram S.; Pines, Alexander] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jimenez-Martinez, Ricardo; Knappe, Svenja; Donley, Elizabeth A.; Kitching, John] NIST, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Jimenez-Martinez, Ricardo] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kennedy, Daniel J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nucl & Chem Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Seltzer, Scott J.] Chevron Energy Technol Co, Houston, TX USA. [Jimenez-Martinez, Ricardo] Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, ICFO Inst Ciencies Foton, Barcelona, Spain. [Ring, Hattie L.] Univ Minnesota, Ctr Magnet Resonance Res, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Bajaj, Vikram S.] Google X, Mountain View, CA USA. RP Kennedy, DJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Kennedy, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Kennedy, DJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nucl & Chem Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM daniel.kennedy@berkeley.edu FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DEAC02-05CH11231] FX We thank S. Schima, R.R. Rivers, and B.R. Patton for help with fabrication of the devices. Research was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering under contract No. DEAC02-05CH11231 (D.J.K., S.J.S., H.L.R., N.S.M., V.S.B., and A.P.). This work is a contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), an agency of the U.S. government, and is not subject to copyright (R.J.M., S.K., E.A.D., and J.K.). NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD MAR 7 PY 2017 VL 7 AR 43994 DI 10.1038/srep43994 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN3MO UT WOS:000395912800001 PM 28266629 ER PT J AU Li, ZS Liu, JF Mauzerall, DL Li, XY Fan, SM Horowitz, LW He, CL Yi, K Tao, S AF Li, Zhongshu Liu, Junfeng Mauzerall, Denise L. Li, Xiaoyuan Fan, Songmiao Horowitz, Larry W. He, Cenlin Yi, Kan Tao, Shu TI A potential large and persistent black carbon forcing over Northern Pacific inferred from satellite observations SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID EASTERN CHINA; AEROSOL; AEROCOM; EMISSIONS; SIMULATIONS; TRANSPORT; MONOXIDE; MODELS; GASES AB Black carbon (BC) aerosol strongly absorbs solar radiation, which warms climate. However, accurate estimation of BC's climate effect is limited by the uncertainties of its spatiotemporal distribution, especially over remote oceanic areas. The HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observation (HIPPO) program from 2009 to 2011 intercepted multiple snapshots of BC profiles over Pacific in various seasons, and revealed a 2 to 5 times overestimate of BC by current global models. In this study, we compared the measurements from aircraft campaigns and satellites, and found a robust association between BC concentrations and satellite-retrieved CO, tropospheric NO2, and aerosol optical depth (AOD) (R-2 > 0.8). This establishes a basis to construct a satellite-based column BC approximation (sBC*) over remote oceans. The inferred sBC* shows that Asian outflows in spring bring much more BC aerosols to the mid-Pacific than those occurring in other seasons. In addition, inter-annual variability of sBC* is seen over the Northern Pacific, with abundances varying consistently with the springtime Pacific/North American (PNA) index. Our sBC* dataset infers a widespread overestimation of BC loadings and BC Direct Radiative Forcing by current models over North Pacific, which further suggests that large uncertainties exist on aerosol-climate interactions over other remote oceanic areas beyond Pacific. C1 [Li, Zhongshu; Liu, Junfeng; Yi, Kan; Tao, Shu] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Lab Earth Surface Proc, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Li, Zhongshu; Mauzerall, Denise L.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Li, Zhongshu] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Mauzerall, Denise L.; Li, Xiaoyuan] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Fan, Songmiao; Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [He, Cenlin] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmosphere & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Liu, JF (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Lab Earth Surface Proc, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM jfliu@pku.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China under awards [41671491, 41390240, 41571130010]; 111 Project [B14001] FX We thank the HIPPO and A-Force measurement groups for providing extremely valuable aircraft BC measurement data. We appreciate the excellent modeling work conducted by the AeroCom groups. We also thank the OMI, AIRS, and MODIS teams for providing the valuable long-term satellite observations. This work was supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under awards 41671491, 41390240 and 41571130010, and the 111 Project (B14001). NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD MAR 7 PY 2017 VL 7 AR 43429 DI 10.1038/srep43429 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EM9IW UT WOS:000395626100001 PM 28266532 ER PT J AU Henson, SA Beaulieu, C Ilyina, T John, JG Long, M Seferian, R Tjiputra, J Sarmiento, JL AF Henson, Stephanie A. Beaulieu, Claudie Ilyina, Tatiana John, Jasmin G. Long, Matthew Seferian, Roland Tjiputra, Jerry Sarmiento, Jorge L. TI Rapid emergence of climate change in environmental drivers of marine ecosystems SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID FUTURE OCEAN CONDITIONS; EOCENE THERMAL MAXIMUM; 21ST-CENTURY PROJECTIONS; PARIS AGREEMENT; WARMING WORLD; ACIDIFICATION; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; PRODUCTIVITY; STRESSORS; RESPONSES AB Climate change is expected to modify ecological responses in the ocean, with the potential for important effects on the ecosystem services provided to humankind. Here we address the question of how rapidly multiple drivers of marine ecosystem change develop in the future ocean. By analysing an ensemble of models we find that, within the next 15 years, the climate change-driven trends in multiple ecosystem drivers emerge from the background of natural variability in 55% of the ocean and propagate rapidly to encompass 86% of the ocean by 2050 under a 'business-as-usual' scenario. However, we also demonstrate that the exposure of marine ecosystems to climate change-induced stress can be drastically reduced via climate mitigation measures; with mitigation, the proportion of ocean susceptible to multiple drivers within the next 15 years is reduced to 34%. Mitigation slows the pace at which multiple drivers emerge, allowing an additional 20 years for adaptation in marine ecological and socioeconomic systems alike. C1 [Henson, Stephanie A.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Beaulieu, Claudie] Univ Southampton, Ocean & Earth Sci, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Ilyina, Tatiana] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 53, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [John, Jasmin G.] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Long, Matthew] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Seferian, Roland] Meteo France CNRS, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, 42 Ave Gaspard Coriolis, F-31057 Toulouse, France. [Tjiputra, Jerry] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Uni Res Climate, Box 7803, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Henson, SA (reprint author), Natl Oceanog Ctr, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. EM S.Henson@noc.ac.uk FU Natural Environment Research Council National Capability funding; EU [641816]; BP under the Princeton Carbon Mitigation Initiative; Bjerknes Centre (BIGCHANGE); RCN [239965] FX We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modelling groups (listed in Supplementary Table 1 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. This work was supported by Natural Environment Research Council National Capability funding to S.A.H. Contributions of T.I. and R.S. were supported by EU H2020 project CRESCENDO (grant 641816). Contribution of J.L.S. was supported by BP under the Princeton Carbon Mitigation Initiative. Contribution of JT was supported by Bjerknes Centre (BIGCHANGE) and RCN (no. 239965). NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 29 U2 29 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD MAR 7 PY 2017 VL 8 AR 14682 DI 10.1038/ncomms14682 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN3LR UT WOS:000395910500001 PM 28267144 ER PT J AU Jordan, SP AF Jordan, Stephen P. TI Fast quantum computation at arbitrarily low energy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL LIMITS; INFORMATION-TRANSFER; MINIMUM ENERGY; FIELD THEORIES; EVOLUTION; ENTROPY; STATE; SPEED; TIME AB One version of the energy- time uncertainty principle states that the minimum time T-perpendicular to for a quantum system to evolve from a given state to any orthogonal state is h/( 4 Delta E), where Delta E is the energy uncertainty. Arelated bound called the Margolus-Levitin theorem states that T-perpendicular to >= h/(2 < E >), where < E > is the expectation value of energy and the ground energy is taken to be zero. Many subsequent works have interpreted T. as defining a minimal time for an elementary computational operation and correspondingly a fundamental limit on clock speed determined by a system's energy. Here we present local time-independent Hamiltonians in which computational clock speed becomes arbitrarily large relative to < E > and Delta E as the number of computational steps goes to infinity. We argue that energy considerations alone are not sufficient to obtain an upper bound on computational speed, and that additional physical assumptions such as limits to information density and information transmission speed are necessary to obtain such a bound. C1 [Jordan, Stephen P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jordan, Stephen P.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci QuICS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jordan, SP (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Jordan, SP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci QuICS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 6 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 3 AR 032305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.95.032305 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA EN4MP UT WOS:000395981900003 ER PT J AU Erickson, RP Pappas, DP AF Erickson, R. P. Pappas, D. P. TI Theory of multiwave mixing within the superconducting kinetic-inductance traveling-wave amplifier SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PERIODIC STRUCTURES; GAP SOLITONS; BAND; ARRAYS; SUPERLATTICES; AMPLIFICATION; NOISE AB We present a theory of parametric mixing within the coplanarwaveguide (CPW) of a superconducting nonlinear kinetic-inductance traveling-wave (KIT) amplifier engineered with periodic dispersion loadings. This is done by first developing a metamaterial band theory of the dispersion-engineered KIT using a Floquet-Bloch construction and then applying it to the description of mixing of the nonlinear RF traveling waves. Our theory allows us to calculate signal gain versus signal frequency in the presence of a frequency stop gap, based solely on loading design. We present results for both three-wave mixing (3WM), with applied dc bias, and four-wave mixing (4WM), without dc. Our theory predicts an intrinsic and deterministic origin to undulations of 4WM signal gain with signal frequency, apart from extrinsic sources, such as impedance mismatch, and shows that such undulations are absent from 3WM signal gain achievable with dc. Our theory is extensible to amplifiers based on Josephson junctions in a lumped LC-ladder transmission line (TWPA). C1 [Erickson, R. P.; Pappas, D. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pappas, DP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM David.Pappas@NIST.gov FU Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) LogiQ Program; NIST Quantum Initiative; US Department of Commerce, NIST [60NANB14D024] FX This work was supported by the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) LogiQ Program, and by the NIST Quantum Initiative. R.P.E. acknowledges grant 60NANB14D024 from the US Department of Commerce, NIST. We have benefited greatly from discussions with Peter Day, TomOhki, Hsiang-shengKu, and Mustafa Bal. This work is property of the US Government and not subject to copyright. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 6 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 10 AR 104506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.95.104506 PG 27 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA EN4TV UT WOS:000396000700007 ER PT J AU Farmer, NA Heyman, WD Karnauskas, M Kobara, S Smart, TI Ballenger, JC Reichert, MJM Wyanski, DM Tishler, MS Lindeman, KC Lowerre-Barbieri, SK Switzer, TS Solomon, JJ McCain, K Marhefka, M Sedberry, GR AF Farmer, Nicholas A. Heyman, William D. Karnauskas, Mandy Kobara, Shinichi Smart, Tracey I. Ballenger, Joseph C. Reichert, Marcel J. M. Wyanski, David M. Tishler, Michelle S. Lindeman, Kenyon C. Lowerre-Barbieri, Susan K. Switzer, Theodore S. Solomon, Justin J. McCain, Kyle Marhefka, Mark Sedberry, George R. TI Timing and locations of reef fish spawning off the southeastern United States SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-ATLANTIC BIGHT; GULF-OF-MEXICO; NASSAU GROUPER; SHELF-EDGE; EPINEPHELUS-STRIATUS; ECOLOGICAL-RESERVE; CAYMAN ISLANDS; PISCES SERRANIDAE; AGGREGATION SITES; PROTECTED AREAS AB Managed reef fish in the Atlantic Ocean of the southeastern United States (SEUS) support a multi-billion dollar industry. There is a broad interest in locating and protecting spawning fish from harvest, to enhance productivity and reduce the potential for overfishing. We assessed spatiotemporal cues for spawning for six species from four reef fish families, using data on individual spawning condition collected by over three decades of regional fishery-independent reef fish surveys, combined with a series of predictors derived from bathymetric features. We quantified the size of spawning areas used by reef fish across many years and identified several multispecies spawning locations. We quantitatively identified cues for peak spawning and generated predictive maps for Gray Triggerfish (Balistes capriscus), White Grunt (Haemulon plumierii), Red Snapper (Lutjanus campechanus), Vermilion Snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens), Black Sea Bass (Centropristis striata), and Scamp (Mycteroperca phenax). For example, Red Snapper peak spawning was predicted in 24.7-29.0 degrees C water prior to the new moon at locations with high curvature in the 24-30 m depth range off northeast Florida during June and July. External validation using scientific and fisherydependent data collections strongly supported the predictive utility of our models. We identified locations where reconfiguration or expansion of existing marine protected areas would protect spawning reef fish. We recommend increased sampling off southern Florida (south of 27 degrees N), during winter months, and in high-relief, high current habitats to improve our understanding of timing and location of reef fish spawning off the southeastern United States. C1 [Farmer, Nicholas A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Heyman, William D.; McCain, Kyle] LGL Ecol Res Associates Inc, Bryan, TX USA. [Karnauskas, Mandy] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fishery Sci Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Kobara, Shinichi] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Smart, Tracey I.; Ballenger, Joseph C.; Reichert, Marcel J. M.; Wyanski, David M.] Marine Resources Res Inst, South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Tishler, Michelle S.] Meadows Ecol Inc, Indialantic, FL USA. [Lindeman, Kenyon C.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Lowerre-Barbieri, Susan K.; Switzer, Theodore S.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Florida Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Solomon, Justin J.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Florida Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Jacksonville Field Lab, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Marhefka, Mark] Abundant Seafood, Charleston, SC USA. [Sedberry, George R.] NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Savannah, GA USA. RP Farmer, NA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM nick.farmer@noaa.gov NR 106 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 6 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 3 AR e0172968 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0172968 PG 35 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN5OE UT WOS:000396054300029 ER PT J AU Li, CH Lu, QM Zhang, HG Yue, M Wang, ML Zhang, DT Liu, DM Huang, ZQ AF Li, C. H. Lu, Q. M. Zhang, H. G. Yue, M. Wang, M. L. Zhang, D. T. Liu, D. M. Huang, Z. Q. TI The structure, intrinsic magnetic properties, and magnetic hardening of L1(0)-Mn1.15Ga alloy SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Mn-Ga alloy; Rare-earth-free; Hardening; Anisotropy ID MNGA; PHASE AB Recently, we successfully prepared L1(0)-ordered Mn1.15Ga alloy with space group P4/mmm by induction melting high purity Mn and Ga followed by annealing the as-melt ingot at 465 degrees C for 2 days. The highest experimental room-temperature saturation magnetization, Ms, of 92 emu/g, is reported, and the Curie temperature and anisotropy field are estimated to be 595 K and 6.3 T, respectively. Based on the compound, low-energy ball milling technique, along with size-selection and annealing treatment are utilized to study the magnetic hardening and magnetic anisotropy inducement. It was found that milling can effectively improve the coercivity. With increasing the milling time to 210 min, the coercivity gradually increases from 0.8 kOe to a maximum value of 4.71 kOe for powders milled for 120 min, and then decreases. After classifying the powders milled for 120 min into different sizes, the coercivity is caused varying degrees of improvement and up to 5.03 kOe for the particles less than 10 mu m. However, the remanence and magnetization are getting worse with long ball-milling time. After annealing at 465 degrees C for 1 min, remanence and magnetization are recovered without losing too much coercivity, leading to a great promotion of energy product, and the (BH)(max) of 2.96 MGOe is achieved for the L1(0)-Mn1.15Ga powders with particle size in the range of 20-37 mu m. In addition, the annealed powder shows possible magnetic anisotropy. The degree of alignment reaches 0.47 for the L1(0)-Mn1.15Ga powder, which is 18% higher than the as-milled powders with same size distribution. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, C. H.; Lu, Q. M.; Zhang, H. G.; Yue, M.; Wang, M. L.; Zhang, D. T.] Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China. [Liu, D. M.] Beijing Univ Technol, Inst Microstruct & Property Adv Mat, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China. [Huang, Z. Q.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yue, M (reprint author), Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China. EM yueming@bjut.edu.cn OI Zhang, Hongguo/0000-0002-8065-4172 FU Beijing Natural Science Foundation [2152006]; Fundamental Research and Seed Foundation through Beijing University of Technology FX This work was supported in part by Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant No. 2152006, and in part by the Fundamental Research and Seed Foundation through Beijing University of Technology. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 EI 1873-4669 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAR 5 PY 2017 VL 696 BP 604 EP 610 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.11.283 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA EH5NL UT WOS:000391819800081 ER PT J AU Liang, YF Vinson, J Pemmaraju, S Drisdell, WS Shirley, EL Prendergast, D AF Liang, Yufeng Vinson, John Pemmaraju, Sri Drisdell, Walter S. Shirley, Eric L. Prendergast, David TI Accurate X-Ray Spectral Predictions: An Advanced Self-Consistent-Field Approach Inspired by Many-Body Perturbation Theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; AB-INITIO CALCULATION; CORE-HOLE; OXYGEN; WATER; TRANSITION; CATALYSTS; SURFACE; OXIDE AB Constrained-occupancy delta-self-consistent-field (Delta SCF) methods and many-body perturbation theories (MBPT) are two strategies for obtaining electronic excitations from first principles. Using the two distinct approaches, we study the O 1s core excitations that have become increasingly important for characterizing transition-metal oxides and understanding strong electronic correlation. The Delta SCF approach, in its current single-particle form, systematically underestimates the pre-edge intensity for chosen oxides, despite its success in weakly correlated systems. By contrast, the Bethe-Salpeter equation within MBPT predicts much better line shapes. This motivates one to reexamine the many-electron dynamics of x-ray excitations. We find that the single-particle Delta SCF approach can be rectified by explicitly calculating many-electron transition amplitudes, producing x-ray spectra in excellent agreement with experiments. This study paves the way to accurately predict x-ray near-edge spectral fingerprints for physics and materials science beyond the Bethe-Salpether equation. C1 [Liang, Yufeng; Pemmaraju, Sri; Prendergast, David] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Vinson, John; Shirley, Eric L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Drisdell, Walter S.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liang, YF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Vinson, John/0000-0002-7619-7060 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, a DOE Energy Innovation Hub, supported through the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0004993] FX Theoretical and computational work was performed by Y. L. and D. P. at The Molecular Foundry, which is supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the United States Department of Energy under Contact No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. W. S. D. was supported by the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, a DOE Energy Innovation Hub, supported through the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy (Award No. DE-SC0004993). We acknowledge fruitful discussion with Chunjing Jia (Y. L.) and Bill Gadzuk (J. V.). We also would like to acknowledge the referees for giving very patient, professional, and thoughtful comments in the review process. Computations were performed with the computing resources at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC). NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 3 PY 2017 VL 118 IS 9 AR 096402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.096402 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA EN5LC UT WOS:000396045900014 PM 28306298 ER PT J AU Yu, H Siewny, MGW Edwards, DT Sanders, AW Perkins, TT AF Yu, Hao Siewny, Matthew G. W. Edwards, Devin T. Sanders, Aric W. Perkins, Thomas T. TI Hidden dynamics in the unfolding of individual bacteriorhodopsin proteins SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MOLECULE FORCE SPECTROSCOPY; SINGLE CALMODULIN MOLECULES; FOLDING ENERGY LANDSCAPES; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; MICROSCOPY; STABILITY; VELOCITY; NETWORK; TITIN AB Protein folding occurs as a set of transitions between structural states within an energy landscape. An oversimplified view of the folding process emerges when transiently populated states are undetected because of limited instrumental resolution. Using force spectroscopy optimized for 1-microsecond resolution, we reexamined the unfolding of individual bacteriorhodopsin molecules in native lipid bilayers. The experimental data reveal the unfolding pathway in unprecedented detail. Numerous newly detected intermediates-many separated by as few as two or three amino acids-exhibited complex dynamics, including frequent refolding and state occupancies of <10 mu s. Equilibrium measurements between such states enabled the folding free-energy landscape to be deduced. These results sharpen the picture of the mechanical unfolding of membrane proteins and, more broadly, enable experimental access to previously obscured protein dynamics. C1 [Yu, Hao; Siewny, Matthew G. W.; Edwards, Devin T.; Perkins, Thomas T.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yu, Hao; Siewny, Matthew G. W.; Edwards, Devin T.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Siewny, Matthew G. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sanders, Aric W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radio Frequency Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Perkins, TT (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Perkins, TT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Perkins, TT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tperkins@jila.colorado.edu FU National Institute of Health Molecular Biophysics Training Grant [T32 GM-065103]; National Research Council; National Science Foundation [DBI-135398, Phys-1125844]; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX We thank L. Randall for providing halobacterium and protocols for preparing BR samples, L. Uyetake for purifying BR, G. King and A. Churnside for initial AFM studies of BR, M. Woodside for critical reading of the manuscript, and G. Emmanuel for sharing code for a hidden Markov model. The data presented in this paper, including supplementary figures, is available via Dryad (http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.g0n2d). This work was supported by a National Institute of Health Molecular Biophysics Training Grant Slot to M.G.W.S. (T32 GM-065103), a National Research Council Fellowship to D.T.E., the National Science Foundation (DBI-135398; Phys-1125844), and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). T.T.P. is a staff member of NIST's quantum physics division. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 3 PY 2017 VL 355 IS 6328 BP 945 EP 949 DI 10.1126/science.aah7124 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EM2YM UT WOS:000395181700038 PM 28254940 ER PT J AU Cockayne, E AF Cockayne, Eric TI Thermodynamics of the Flexible Metal-Organic Framework Material MIL-53(Cr) From First-Principles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; STRUCTURAL TRANSITION; GAS-ADSORPTION; CO2 ADSORPTION; BEHAVIOR; FLEXIBILITY; SOLIDS; MODEL AB We use first-principles density functional theory total energy and linear response phonon calculations to compute the Helmholtz and Gibbs free energy as a function of temperature, pressure, and cell volume in the flexible metal-organic framework material MIL-53(Cr) within the quasiharmonic approximation. GGA and metaGGA calculations were performed, each including empirical van der Waals (vdW) forces under the D2, D3, or D3(BJ) parametrizations. At all temperatures up to 500 K and pressures from -30 to 30 MPa, two minima in the free energy versus volume are found, corresponding to the narrow pore (np) and large pore (lp) structures. Critical positive and negative pressures are identified, beyond which there is only one free energy minimum. While all results overestimated the stability of the np phase relative to the lp phase, the best overall agreement with experiment is found for the metaGGA PBEsol +RTPSS+U+J approach with D3 or D3(BJ) vdW forces. For these parametrizations, the calculated free energy barrier for the np-lp transition is only 3-6 kJ per mole of Cr-4(OH)(4)(C8H4O4)(4). C1 [Cockayne, Eric] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cockayne, E (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 2 PY 2017 VL 121 IS 8 BP 4312 EP 4317 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.61711692 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA EM9FF UT WOS:000395616200023 ER PT J AU O'Neil, GC Miaja-Avila, L Il Joe, Y Alpert, BK Balasubramanian, M Sagar, DM Doriese, W Fowler, JW Fullagar, WK Chen, N Hilton, GC Jimenez, R Ravel, B Reintsema, CD Schmidt, DR Silverman, KL Swetz, DS Uhlig, J Ullom, JN AF O'Neil, Galen C. Miaja-Avila, Luis Il Joe, Young Alpert, Bradley K. Balasubramanian, Mahalingam Sagar, D. M. Doriese, William Fowler, Joseph W. Fullagar, Wilfred K. Chen, Ning Hilton, Gene C. Jimenez, Ralph Ravel, Bruce Reintsema, Carl D. Schmidt, Dan R. Silverman, Kevin L. Swetz, Daniel S. Uhlig, Jens Ullom, Joel N. TI Ultrafast Time-Resolved X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Ferrioxalate Photolysis with a Laser Plasma X-ray Source and Microcalorimeter Array SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER; FINE-STRUCTURE; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; INSIGHT; COMPLEXES; MECHANISM; DYNAMICS; CHARGE; EXAFS AB The detailed pathways of photoactivity on ultrafast time scales are a topic of contemporary interest. Using a 'tabletop apparatus based on a laser plasma X-ray source and an array of cryogenic microcalorimeter X-ray detectors, we measured a transient X-ray absorption spectrum during the ferrioxalate photoreduction reaction. With these high-efficiency detectors, we observe the Fe K edge move to lower energies and the amplitude of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure reduce, consistent with a photoreduction mechanism in which electron transfer precedes disassociation. These results are compared to previously published transient X-ray absorption measurements on the same reaction and found to be consistent with the results from Ogi et al. and inconsistent with the results of Chen et al. (Ogi, Y.; et al. Struct. Dyn. 2015, 2, 034901; Chen, J.; Zhang, H.; Tomov, I. V.; Ding, X.; Rentzepis, P. M. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2007, 437, 50-55). We provide quantitative limits on the Fe-O bond length change. Finally, we review potential improvements to our measurement technique, highlighting the future potential of tabletop X-ray science using microcalorimeter sensors. C1 [O'Neil, Galen C.; Miaja-Avila, Luis; Il Joe, Young; Alpert, Bradley K.; Doriese, William; Fowler, Joseph W.; Hilton, Gene C.; Reintsema, Carl D.; Schmidt, Dan R.; Silverman, Kevin L.; Swetz, Daniel S.; Ullom, Joel N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Balasubramanian, Mahalingam] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Sagar, D. M.; Jimenez, Ralph] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sagar, D. M.; Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fullagar, Wilfred K.; Uhlig, Jens] Lund Univ, Dept Chem Phys, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Chen, Ning] Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada. [Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ravel, Bruce] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ullom, Joel N.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP O'Neil, GC; Ullom, JN (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Ullom, JN (reprint author), Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM galen.oneil@nist.gov; ullom@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy; Basic Energy Sciences and the Canadian Light Source FX The authors thank Eleanor Waxman for useful discussions and Ilari Maasilta and his group at Jyvaskyla University (Finland) for their international participation in the connection of micro calorimeter sensors to tabletop time-resolved X-ray science. The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program and U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences. Sector 20 facilities at the Advanced Photon Source are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences and the Canadian Light Source. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD MAR 2 PY 2017 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1099 EP 1104 DI 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00078 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EM9GF UT WOS:000395619100033 PM 28212035 ER PT J AU Meinen, CS Garzoli, SL Perez, RC Campos, E Piola, AR Chidichimo, MP Dong, SF Sato, OT AF Meinen, Christopher S. Garzoli, Silvia L. Perez, Renellys C. Campos, Edmo Piola, Alberto R. Paz Chidichimo, Maria Dong, Shenfu Sato, Olga T. TI Characteristics and causes of Deep Western Boundary Current transport variability at 34.5 degrees S during 2009-2014 SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; INVERTED ECHO SOUNDERS; BRAZIL-MALVINAS CONFLUENCE; SOUTH-ATLANTIC; NORTH-ATLANTIC; HEAT-TRANSPORT; ROSSBY WAVES; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; GEOSTROPHIC VELOCITY AB The Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) at 34.5 degrees S in the South Atlantic carries a significant fraction of the cold deep limb of the Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC), and therefore its variability affects the meridional heat transport and consequently the regional and global climate. Nearly 6 years of observations from a line of pressure-equipped inverted echo sounders (PIESs) have yielded an unprecedented data set for studying the characteristics of the time-varying DWBC volume transport at 34.5 degrees S. Furthermore, the horizontal resolution of the observing array was greatly improved in December 2012 with the addition of two current-and-pressure-equipped inverted echo sounders (CPIESs) at the midpoints of the two westernmost pairs of PIES moorings. Regular hydrographic sections along the PIES/CPIES line confirm the presence of recently ventilated North Atlantic Deep Water carried by the DWBC. The time-mean absolute geostrophic transport integrated within the DWBC layer, defined between 8004800 dbar and within longitude bounds of 51.5 to 44.5 degrees W, is -15 Sv (1 Sv = 10(6) m(3) s(-1); negative indicates southward flow). The observed peak-to-peak range in volume transport using these integration limits is from -89 to +50 Sv, and the temporal standard deviation is 23 Sv. Testing different vertical integration limits based on time-mean water-mass property levels yields small changes to these values, but no significant alteration to the character of the transport time se-ries. The time-mean southward DWBC flow at this latitude is confined west of 49.5 degrees W, with recirculations dominating the flow further offshore. As with other latitudes where the DWBC has been observed for multiple years, the time variability greatly exceeds the time mean, suggesting the presence of strong coherent vortices and/or Rossby Wave-like signals propagating to the boundary from the interior. C1 [Meinen, Christopher S.; Garzoli, Silvia L.; Perez, Renellys C.; Dong, Shenfu] Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Garzoli, Silvia L.; Perez, Renellys C.; Campos, Edmo] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Campos, Edmo; Sato, Olga T.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Oceanog, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Piola, Alberto R.; Paz Chidichimo, Maria] Serv Hidrog Naval, Dept Oceanog, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Piola, Alberto R.; Paz Chidichimo, Maria] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Oceanog, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Piola, Alberto R.; Paz Chidichimo, Maria] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn CONICET, Inst Francoargentino Estudios Clima & Impactos, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Meinen, CS (reprint author), Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM christopher.meinen@noaa.gov RI Dong, Shenfu/I-4435-2013 OI Dong, Shenfu/0000-0001-8247-8072 FU NOAA Climate Program Office's Climate Observations Division [100007298]; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS); Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami; NOAA [NA10OAR4320143, NA13OAR4310131]; NASA [NNX14AH60G]; Sao Paulo State Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2011/50552-4]; CNPq [302018/2014-0]; Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) [SGP2076, CRN3070]; US National Science Foundation [GEO-0452325, GEO-1128040]; NASA MEaSUREs program FX The authors would like to thank the ship captains and crews of the NH Cruzeiro do Sul, ARA Puerto Deseado, SV Ice Lady Patagonia II, N. Oc. Alpha-Crucis, and the N. Oc. Alpha Delphini, who have all ably supported our research cruises and project. Ulises Rivero, Rigoberto Garcia, Pedro Pen a, Carlos Franca, Marcela Charo, Daniel Valla, and the support teams in Miami, Sao Paulo and Buenos Aires have all helped collect and process the data presented herein. The US PIES/CPIES observations and the participation of Christopher S. Meinen, Silvia L. Garzoli, Renellys C. Perez, and Shenfu Dong were supported via the NOAA Climate Program Office's Climate Observations Division (FundRef number 100007298) under the Southwest Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (SAM) project, with additional support from the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Silvia L. Garzoli and Renellys C. Perez were also supported in part under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami and NOAA, cooperative agreement NA10OAR4320143. RP acknowledges additional support from NOAA (grant NA13OAR4310131) and NASA (grant NNX14AH60G). The Brazilian CPIES observations were supported by the Sao Paulo State Research Foundation (FAPESP) through the SAMOC-Br project (grant 2011/50552-4). EC acknowledges CNPq for a Research Fellowship (grant 302018/2014-0). Hydrographic observations were partially supported by the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) grants SGP2076 and CRN3070. The IAI is supported by the US National Science Foundation (grants GEO-0452325 and GEO-1128040). The merged, multi-sensor L4 Foundation sea-surface temperature (SST) data used herein were provided by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory under support from the NASA MEaSUREs program. Rick Lumpkin and Arthur Mariano provided several helpful ideas while the manuscript was being prepared, and Libby Johns, Shane Elipot, and two anonymous reviewers gave a number of suggestions for improving earlier drafts of the paper. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PD MAR 2 PY 2017 VL 13 IS 1 BP 175 EP 194 DI 10.5194/os-13-175-2017 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA EM6QC UT WOS:000395436200001 ER PT J AU Hu, ZZ Huang, B Tseng, YH Wang, WQ Kumar, A Zhu, JS Jha, B AF Hu, Zeng-Zhen Huang, Bohua Tseng, Yu-heng Wang, Wanqiu Kumar, Arun Zhu, Jieshun Jha, Bhaskar TI Does vertical temperature gradient of the atmosphere matter for El Nio development? SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE El Nino-Southern Oscillation; Vertical gradient of atmospheric temperature; Tropical convection; Long-term trend ID CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; TROPICAL TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; PREDICTION SKILL; VICTORIA MODE; VERSION 2; ENSO; VARIABILITY; NINO AB In this work, we examine the connection of vertical temperature gradient of the tropospheric atmosphere along the equator with El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the possible impact of the long-term change of the gradient. It is suggested that when the temperature anomalies in the lower troposphere are relatively warmer (cooler) than in the upper troposphere, the atmosphere is less (more) stable and favors an El Nio (a La Nia) event to develop. ENSO evolutions in 1997-1998 and 2014-2015 events are good examples of this relationship. They started from similar ocean anomaly states in the springs of 1997 and 2014, but developed into an extreme El Nio in 1997-1998 and a borderline El Nio in 2014-2015. That may be partially due to differences in the evolutions of the vertical temperature anomaly gradient in troposphere. Thus, in addition to the significant atmospheric response to ENSO, the preconditioning of vertical gradient of the tropospheric temperature due to internal atmospheric processes to some extent may play an active role in affecting ENSO evolution. The long-term trend with more pronounced warming in the upper troposphere than in the lower troposphere causes a reduction in the vertical temperature gradient in the troposphere. Moreover, unlike almost homogenous warm anomalies in the upper troposphere, the lower troposphere shows remarkable regional features along the equator during 1979-2014, with cold anomaly trends over the central and eastern Pacific Ocean associated with the so-called hiatus and some warm anomalies on its two sides in the east and west. This vertical and zonal distribution of the air temperature trends in the troposphere over the Pacific Ocean is consistent with the convection suppression over the central Pacific since 2000, implying a weakening of atmosphere and ocean coupling. C1 [Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Wang, Wanqiu; Kumar, Arun; Zhu, Jieshun; Jha, Bhaskar] NCEP NWS NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Huang, Bohua] George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Coll Sci, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Huang, Bohua] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, 270 Res Hall,Mail Stop 6C5,4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Tseng, Yu-heng] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Zhu, Jieshun; Jha, Bhaskar] Innovim, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Hu, ZZ (reprint author), NCEP NWS NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Zeng-Zhen.Hu@NOAA.GOV FU NSF [AGS-1338427]; NOAA [NA14OAR4310160]; NASA [NNX14AM19G] FX We appreciate the insight comments and constructive suggestions from Dr. Ji Nie and another two reviewers as well as Dr. Peitao Peng. Bohua Huang is supported by grants from NSF (AGS-1338427), NOAA (NA14OAR4310160), and NASA (NNX14AM19G). The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any view or opinions expressed herein, are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NWS, NOAA, or the Department of Commerce. All the data used in this work are available at NCEP/CPC. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 48 IS 5-6 BP 1413 EP 1429 DI 10.1007/s00382-016-3149-9 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM1EM UT WOS:000395060900002 ER PT J AU Tseng, YH Hu, ZZ Ding, RQ Chen, HC AF Tseng, Yu-heng Hu, Zeng-Zhen Ding, Ruiqiang Chen, Han-ching TI An ENSO prediction approach based on ocean conditions and ocean-atmosphere coupling SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE ENSO prediction; Tropical atmosphere ocean (TAO) array; North Pacific ID WESTERLY WIND BURSTS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WARM WATER VOLUME; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; PACIFIC MERIDIONAL MODE; EL-NINO; LA-NINA; TROPICAL PACIFIC; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; INTRASEASONAL VARIATIONS AB A simple statistical model for the El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) prediction is derived based on the evolution of the ocean heat condition and the oceanic Kelvin wave propagation associated with westerly wind events (WWEs) and easterly wind surges (EWSs) in the tropical Pacific. The multivariate linear regression model solely relies on the pentad thermocline depth anomaly evolution in 25 days along with the zonal surface wind modulation. It successfully hindcasts all ENSOs except for the 2000/01 La Nia, using the pentad (or monthly) mean tropical atmosphere ocean array data since 1994 with an averaged skill (measured by anomaly correlation) of 0.62 (or 0.67) with a 6-month lead. The exception is mainly due to the long-lasting cold sea surface temperature anomalies in the subtropics resulting from the strong 1998/99 La Nia, even though the tropical warm water volume (WWV) had rebounded and turned phases after 2000. We also note that the hindcast skill is comparable using pentad or monthly mean NCEP global ocean data assimilation system data for the same time period. The hindcast skill of the proposed statistical model is better than that based on the WWV index in terms of the monthly correlation, normalized RMSEs and ENSO occurrences, which suggest that including the evolution of the subsurface ocean temperature anomaly and the WWEs/EWSs in the central tropical Pacific can enhance the ability to predict ENSO. The hindcast skill is also comparable to the predictions using other dynamical and statistical models, indicating that these processes are the keys to ENSO development. The dynamics behind the statistical model are consistent with the physical processes of ENSO development as follows: the tropical WWV resulting from the interannually-varying meridional subtropical cell transport provides a sufficient heat source. When the seasonal phase lock of ocean-atmosphere coupling triggers the positive (negative) zonal wind anomaly in boreal summer and fall, an El Nio (a La Nia) will develop as evidenced by the Kelvin wave propagation. The triggering dynamic may be suppressed or enhanced by the influence of extratropical Pacific sea surface temperature. C1 [Tseng, Yu-heng] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, 1850 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hu, Zeng-Zhen] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, College Pk, MD USA. [Ding, Ruiqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Chen, Han-ching] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Tseng, YH (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, 1850 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ytseng@ucar.edu FU NSF [1419292] FX This study is supported by the NSF Earth System Model (EaSM) Grant 1419292 (EaSM-3: Collaborative Research: Quantifying Predictability Limits, Uncertainties, Mechanisms, and Regional Impacts of Pacific Decadal Climate Variability). We also appreciate the constructive comments from the anonymous reviewers. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 48 IS 5-6 BP 2025 EP 2044 DI 10.1007/s00382-016-3188-2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM1EM UT WOS:000395060900037 ER PT J AU Graham, FS Wittenberg, AT Brown, JN Marsland, SJ Holbrook, NJ AF Graham, Felicity S. Wittenberg, Andrew T. Brown, Jaclyn N. Marsland, Simon J. Holbrook, Neil J. TI Understanding the double peaked El Nio in coupled GCMs SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE El Nino evolution; Coupled general circulation model; CMIP5; Cold tongue bias; Climate change ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE PROJECTIONS; OCEAN RECHARGE PARADIGM; EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; WARM-POOL; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; ATMOSPHERE FEEDBACKS; FUTURE PROJECTIONS; ENSO STABILITY AB Coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) simulate a diverse range of El Nio-Southern Oscillation behaviors. "Double peaked" El Nio events-where two separate centers of positive sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies evolve concurrently in the eastern and western equatorial Pacific-have been evidenced in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project version 5 CGCMs and are without precedent in observations. The characteristic CGCM double peaked El Nio may be mistaken for a central Pacific warming event in El Nio composites, shifted westwards due to the cold tongue bias. In results from the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator coupled model, we find that the western Pacific warm peak of the double peaked El Nio event emerges due to an excessive westward extension of the climatological cold tongue, displacing the region of strong zonal SST gradients towards the west Pacific. A coincident westward shift in the zonal current anomalies reinforces the western peak in SST anomalies, leading to a zonal separation between the warming effect of zonal advection (in the west Pacific) and that of vertical advection (in the east Pacific). Meridional advection and net surface heat fluxes further drive growth of the western Pacific warm peak. Our results demonstrate that understanding historical CGCM El Nio behaviors is a necessary precursor to interpreting projections of future CGCM El Nio behaviors, such as changes in the frequency of eastern Pacific El Nio events, under global warming scenarios. C1 [Graham, Felicity S.; Holbrook, Neil J.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 129, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Wittenberg, Andrew T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Brown, Jaclyn N.] CSIRO, Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Marsland, Simon J.] CSIRO, Oceans & Atmosphere, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Holbrook, Neil J.] ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Hobart, Tas, Australia. RP Graham, FS (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 129, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. EM fsm@utas.edu.au FU Australian Government Department of the Environment; Bureau of Meteorology; CSIRO through the Australian Climate Change Science Program; NCI Facility at the ANU; Australian Postgraduate Award; CSIRO Wealth from Oceans scholarship FX The ACCESS model is supported by the Australian Government Department of the Environment, the Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO through the Australian Climate Change Science Program, and the NCI Facility at the ANU. FSG was supported by an Australian Postgraduate Award and a CSIRO Wealth from Oceans scholarship. This research makes a contribution to the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 106 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 48 IS 5-6 BP 2045 EP 2063 DI 10.1007/s00382-016-3189-1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM1EM UT WOS:000395060900038 ER PT J AU Zhang, LP Delworth, TL Zeng, FR AF Zhang, Liping Delworth, Thomas L. Zeng, Fanrong TI The impact of multidecadal Atlantic meridional overturning circulation variations on the Southern Ocean SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Atlantic meridional overturning circulation; Southern Ocean; Antarctic sea ice ID THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; DATA ASSIMILATION; BIPOLAR SEESAW; FRESH-WATER; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; SYSTEM; ENSO AB The impact of multidecadal variations of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) on the Southern Ocean (SO) is investigated in the current paper using a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. We find that the AMOC can influence the SO via fast atmosphere teleconnections and subsequent ocean adjustments. A stronger than normal AMOC induces an anomalous warm SST over the North Atlantic, which leads to a warming of the Northern Hemisphere troposphere extending into the tropics. This induces an increased equator-to-pole temperature gradient in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) upper troposphere and lower stratosphere due to an amplified tropical upper tropospheric warming as a result of increased latent heat release. This altered gradients leads to a poleward displacement of the SH westerly jet. The wind change over the SO then cools the SST at high latitudes by anomalous northward Ekman transports. The wind change also weakens the Antarctic bottom water (AABW) cell through changes in surface heat flux forcing. The poleward shifted westerly wind decreases the long term mean easterly winds over the Weddell Sea, thereby reducing the turbulent heat flux loss, decreasing surface density and therefore leading to a weakening of the AABW cell. The weakened AABW cell produces a temperature dipole in the SO, with a warm anomaly in the subsurface and a cold anomaly in the surface that corresponds to an increase of Antarctic sea ice. Opposite conditions occur for a weaker than normal AMOC. Our study here suggests that efforts to attribute the recent observed SO variability to various factors should take into consideration not only local process but also remote forcing from the North Atlantic. C1 [Zhang, Liping] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Zhang, Liping; Delworth, Thomas L.; Zeng, Fanrong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Zhang, LP (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.; Zhang, LP (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Liping.Zhang@noaa.gov NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 48 IS 5-6 BP 2065 EP 2085 DI 10.1007/s00382-016-3190-8 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM1EM UT WOS:000395060900039 ER PT J AU Vizza, C Sanderson, BL Coe, HJ Chaloner, DT AF Vizza, Carmella Sanderson, Beth L. Coe, Holly J. Chaloner, Dominic T. TI Evaluating the consequences of salmon nutrients for riparian organisms: Linking condition metrics to stable isotopes SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE aquatic-terrestrial subsidies; body condition index; marine-derived nutrients; mixing models; Pacific salmon ID BODY CONDITION INDEXES; PACIFIC SALMON; FRESH-WATER; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; SPAWNING SALMON; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; ESTIMATING FITNESS; MARINE NITROGEN; CHINOOK SALMON AB Stable isotope ratios (delta C-13 and delta N-15) have been used extensively to trace nutrients from Pacific salmon, but salmon transfer more than carbon and nitrogen to stream ecosystems, such as phosphorus, minerals, proteins, and lipids. To examine the importance of these nutrients, metrics other than isotopes need to be considered, particularly when so few studies have made direct links between these nutrients and how they affect riparian organisms. Our study specifically examined delta C-13 and delta N-15 of riparian organisms from salmon and non-salmon streams in Idaho, USA, at different distances from the streams, and examined whether the quality of riparian plants and the body condition of invertebrates varied with access to these nutrients. Overall, quality and condition metrics did not mirror stable isotope patterns. Most notably, all riparian organisms exhibited elevated delta N-15 in salmon streams, but also with proximity to both stream types suggesting that both salmon and landscape factors may affect delta N-15. The amount of nitrogen incorporated from Pacific salmon was low for all organisms (<20%) and did not correlate with measures of quality or condition, probably due to elevated delta N-15 at salmon streams reflecting historical salmon runs instead of current contributions. Salmon runs in these Idaho streams have been declining, and associated riparian ecosystems have probably seen about a 90% reduction in salmon-derived nitrogen since the 1950s. In addition, our results support those of other studies that have cautioned that inferences from natural abundance isotope data, particularly in conjunction with mixing models for salmon-derived nutrient percentage estimates, may be confounded by biogeochemical transformations of nitrogen, physiological processes, and even historical legacies of nitrogen sources. Critically, studies should move beyond simply describing isotopic patterns to focusing on the consequences of salmon-derived nutrients by quantifying the condition and fitness of organisms putatively using those resources. C1 [Vizza, Carmella; Sanderson, Beth L.; Coe, Holly J.] Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Vizza, Carmella; Chaloner, Dominic T.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Vizza, C (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM cvizza@nd.edu NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 7 IS 5 BP 1313 EP 1324 DI 10.1002/ece3.2697 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EM0MI UT WOS:000395012000001 PM 28261445 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Zhou, CL Lynam, MM Dvonch, JT Barres, JA Hopke, PK Cohen, M Holsen, TM AF Zhou, Hao Zhou, Chuanlong Lynam, Mary M. Dvonch, J. Timothy Barres, James A. Hopke, Philip K. Cohen, Mark Holsen, Thomas M. TI Atmospheric Mercury Temporal Trends in the Northeastern United States from 1992 to 2014: Are Measured Concentrations Responding to Decreasing Regional Emissions? SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES REGION; FIRED POWER-PLANTS; ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES; WET-DEPOSITION; OZONE; COAL; CHEMISTRY; DENUDERS; IMPACTS; CHINA AB Long-term atmospheric mercury measurements at Underhill, VT (VT99),' and Huntington Forest, NY (NY20), from 1992 to 2014 and 2005 to 2014, respectively, were used to determine concentration trends using Mann Kendall's tau test with Sen's slope estimator. These data, measured generally downwind of large Hg sources in the Midwestern United States, provide the longest record of ambient Hg concentrations available in the United States. At VT99, concentrations of gaseous element mercury (GEM), gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), and particle-bound mercury (PBM) declined at rates of -1.8, -3.2, and -6.7%/year, respectively. At NY20, GEM and GOM concentrations declined at rates of -1.6 and -7.8%/year, respectively; however, PBM concentrations increased at a rate of 2.0%/year, which is likely related to winter wood burning. A trajectory ensemble analysis using the potential source contribution function indicates the source locations associated with high mercury concentrations changed from Toronto Buffalo and Pennsylvania areas to east coast urban centers. The declining GEM concentrations in the northeastern United States are positively correlated with decreasing SO2 emissions in the upwind area. Overall, the results indicate that decreased mercury concentrations measured during the past decade are consistent with decreased Hg emissions from regional point sources and that increasing global emissions have not overwhelmed those decreases. C1 [Zhou, Hao; Hopke, Philip K.] Clarkson Univ, Inst Sustainable Environm, Potsdam, NY 13676 USA. [Zhou, Chuanlong; Holsen, Thomas M.] Clarkson Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Potsdam, NY 13676 USA. [Lynam, Mary M.; Dvonch, J. Timothy; Barres, James A.] Univ Michigan, Air Qual Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Cohen, Mark] US NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Holsen, TM (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Potsdam, NY 13676 USA. EM holsen@clarkson.edu OI Cohen, Mark/0000-0003-3183-2558 FU New York State Energy Research and Development Authority [26578]; National Science Foundation [02167]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EP08H000271, EP10H000343] FX We thank Eric Miller, Tim Scherbatskoy, Carl Waite, Miriam Pendleton, and Joanne Cummings for all of their effort spent on sample collection and coordination at the Vermont site and Fengchih Chang, Hyun-Deok Choi, Diana Delach, Young-Ji Han, Timothy Sharac, and Mark Omara for all of their effort spent on sample collection and coordination at the HF and Potsdam sites. A portion of the sample collection was funded by New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (26578), by a National Science Foundation (02167) Biocomplexity Grant (Charles T. Driscoll PI), and by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EP08H000271 and EP10H000343). We thank Hyun-Cheol Kim of the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory for converting the BPCH-format emissions data from ref 22 to plain text so that it could be conveniently mapped and analyzed. We also honor the late Jerry Keeler for his insightful leadership of project efforts at the Vermont site over many years. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2328-8930 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECH LET JI Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 4 IS 3 BP 91 EP 97 DI 10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00452 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EO4DV UT WOS:000396645800003 ER PT J AU Mao, JQ Fan, SM Horowitz, LW AF Mao, Jingqiu Fan, Songmiao Horowitz, Larry W. TI Soluble Fe in Aerosols Sustained by Gaseous HO2 Uptake SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; SURROGATE LUNG FLUID; CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; TRANSITION-METALS; TRACE-METALS; PHOTOCHEMICAL FORMATION; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; PARTICULATE MATTER; IRON DEPOSITION; OXALIC-ACID AB The soluble fraction of aerosol Fe, mainly Fe(II), represents a large source of nutrient iron to the open ocean. Fe(II) may also play an important role in the adverse health effects of ambient aerosols. Our current understanding of the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) in aerosols suggests that the major pathway is the photoreduction of Fe(III)-oxalate complexes, but this pathway cannot explain the observed nighttime Fe(II) in ambient aerosols and is also limited by the supply of oxalate. Here we propose a new pathway initiated by gaseous HO2 uptake, followed by Cu-Fe redox coupling, which can sustain nighttime Fe(II) and also dominate Fe(III) reduction in the absence of Fe(III)-oxalate complexes. Consequently, aqueous OH production is substantially enhanced via the Fenton reaction and sustained by the influx of HO2 from the gas phase. This mechanism is potentially the major mechanism for sustaining soluble Fe(II) in ambient aerosols and can be tested by a combination of modeling and aerosol Fe speciation measurements. We hypothesize that this mechanism may also be relevant to mineral Fe dissolution in dust aerosols. C1 [Mao, Jingqiu] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Mao, Jingqiu] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Fan, Songmiao; Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Mao, JQ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.; Mao, JQ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jmao2@alaska.edu OI Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751 FU NOAA Climate Program Office [NA130AR4310071] FX The data and code for this paper are stored at NOAA GFDL Blue Arc File Server and can be obtained by contacting J.M. The authors thank John Dunne and Paul Ginoux at NOAA GFDL for helpful comments. J.M. and L.W.H. acknowledge NOAA Climate Program Office Grant NA130AR4310071. NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2328-8930 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECH LET JI Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 4 IS 3 BP 98 EP 104 DI 10.1021/acs.estlett7b00017 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EO4DV UT WOS:000396645800004 ER PT J AU Nminibapiel, DM Veksler, D Shrestha, PR Kim, JH Campbell, JP Ryan, JT Baumgart, H Cheung, KP AF Nminibapiel, David M. Veksler, Dmitry Shrestha, Pragya R. Kim, Ji-Hong Campbell, Jason P. Ryan, Jason T. Baumgart, Helmut Cheung, Kin P. TI Characteristics of Resistive Memory Read Fluctuations in Endurance Cycling SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Fluctuations; read noise; RRAM ID RRAM AB We report on new fluctuation dynamics of the high resistance state of Hafnia-based RRAM devices after RESET. We observe that large amplitude fluctuations occur more frequently immediately after programming and their frequency of occurrence decays in the tens of microseconds. The fluctuation amplitude, on the other hand, does not decay noticeably over the entire millisecond read time. While post-programming instability and post-programming resistance dispersion have both been reported in the literature, the relaxation in the frequency of occurrence without a commensurate amplitude decay is new. Since picosecond pulses were used for our RESET operation, postprogramming thermalization occurs on the nanosecond time scale. This clearly eliminates a thermally driven mechanism as the cause of the observed fluctuation behavior. Furthermore, reducing the READ voltage by tenfold does not have any effect and also eliminates read disturb as possible cause. C1 [Nminibapiel, David M.; Veksler, Dmitry; Kim, Ji-Hong; Campbell, Jason P.; Ryan, Jason T.; Cheung, Kin P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nminibapiel, David M.; Baumgart, Helmut] Old Domin Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Shrestha, Pragya R.] Theiss Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Shrestha, Pragya R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Engn Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nminibapiel, DM; Campbell, JP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Nminibapiel, DM (reprint author), Old Domin Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM david.nminibapiel@nist.gov; jason.campbell@nist.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 EI 1558-0563 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 38 IS 3 BP 326 EP 329 DI 10.1109/LED.2017.2656818 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA EN2ZE UT WOS:000395878000010 ER PT J AU Barr, BW Delgado, JP Lawrence, MS Van Tilburg, HK AF Barr, Bradley W. Delgado, James P. Lawrence, Matthew S. Van Tilburg, Hans K. TI The Search for the 1871 Whaling Fleet of the Western Arctic: writing the final chapter SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NAUTICAL ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT UNESCO International Meeting on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage Sites CY SEP 22-23, 2016 CL Paris, FRANCE SP UNESCO DE Whaling; 1871; Arctic; sidescan sonar; magnetometry ID DISCOVERY AB During 2015, the NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries led a systematic seabed mapping survey along the Arctic coast of Alaska in search of whaling ships abandoned in 1871. The purpose of the expedition was to determine if wreckage from these abandoned ships was still present in the survey area, and, if so, to assess and document its location, status and condition. The project mapped approximately 50 km(2) of seabed using sidescan sonar and magnetometry and identified six sites that contained wreckage from at least two whaling ships. Magnetometry data also suggested that additional wreckage may be buried in the seabed. (C) 2016 The Authors C1 [Barr, Bradley W.; Delgado, James P.] NOAA, Maritime Heritage Program, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Lawrence, Matthew S.] NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, 175 Edward Foster Rd, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. [Van Tilburg, Hans K.] NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 179, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Barr, BW (reprint author), NOAA, Maritime Heritage Program, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Brad.Barr@noaa.gov; James.Delgado@noaa.gov; Matthew.Lawrence@noaa.gov; Hans.Vantilburg@noaa.gov FU NOAA Office of Exploration and Research [OE FY14-55] FX We would like to acknowledge Vitad Pradith (Hypack) and Evan Martzial (Edgetech) as key participants in the first leg of the cruise, thank Hypack and Edgetech for supporting their participation and especially to Edgetech for the loan of the 6205 mapping system. We thank NOAA Office of Coast Survey for the loan of the Edgetech 4125, and acknowledge the Alaska Region of BOEM for its assistance in coordinating with the affected local communities. The authors gratefully acknowledge the critically important skills and local knowledge of the captains of the R/V Ukpik, Mike Fleming and Arthur Schwartz, and the owner of the vessel, Bill Kopplin. We are also deeply grateful to Randy Beebe, who freely shared information regarding his previous field work. This research was funded by the NOAA Office of Exploration and Research (OE FY14-55), and especially thank Frank Cantelas, OER Maritime Archaeologist. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1057-2414 EI 1095-9270 J9 INT J NAUT ARCHAEOL JI Int. J. Naut. Archaeol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 46 IS 1 BP 149 EP 163 DI 10.1111/1095-9270.12205 PG 15 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA EO5VW UT WOS:000396762000010 ER PT J AU Goodheart, JA Bely, AE AF Goodheart, Jessica A. Bely, Alexandra E. TI Sequestration of nematocysts by divergent cnidarian predators: mechanism, function, and evolution SO INVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE defense; sequestration; convergent evolution; predation; nematocyst; Cnidaria; Ctenophora; Acoelomorpha; Platyhelminthes; Mollusca ID AEOLID NUDIBRANCH; WARNING COLORATION; PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS; SPURILLA-NEAPOLITANA; FLABELLINA-VERRUCOSA; SELECTIVE PREDATION; CHEMICAL DEFENSES; CRATENA-PEREGRINA; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; REGENERATION AB Animals have evolved diverse mechanisms to protect themselves from predators. Although such defenses are typically generated endogenously, some species have evolved the ability to acquire defenses by sequestering defensive chemicals or structures from other species. Chemical sequestration is widespread among animals, but the ability to sequester entire structures, such as organelles, appears to be rare. Here, we review information on the sequestration of functional nematocysts, the stinging organelles produced by Cnidaria, by divergent predators. Nematocyst sequestration has evolved multiple times, having been documented in Ctenophora, Acoelomorpha, Platyhelminthes, and Mollusca. For each of these phyla, we review the phylogenetic distribution, mechanisms, and possible functions of nematocyst sequestration. We estimate that nematocyst sequestration has evolved 9-17 times across these four phyla. Although data on the mechanism of sequestration remain limited, similarities across several groups are evident. For example, in multiple groups, nematocysts are transported within cells from the gut to peripheral tissues, and certain types of nematocysts are selectively sequestered over others, suggesting convergent evolution in some aspects of the sequestration process across phyla. Similarly, although the function of nematocyst sequestration has not been well documented, several studies do suggest that the nematocysts sequestered by these groups are effective for defense. We highlight several traits that are common to Ctenophora, Acoelomorpha, Platyhelminthes, and Mollusca and suggest hypotheses for how these traits could have played a role in the evolution of nematocyst sequestration. Finally, we propose a generalized working model for the steps that may lead to the evolution of nematocyst sequestration and discuss important areas for future research. C1 [Goodheart, Jessica A.; Bely, Alexandra E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Goodheart, Jessica A.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Bioinformat & Computat Biol, Lab Mol Evolut, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Goodheart, Jessica A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Systemat Lab, NMFS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Goodheart, JA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Goodheart, JA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Bioinformat & Computat Biol, Lab Mol Evolut, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Goodheart, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Systemat Lab, NMFS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM jagood@umd.edu FU Smithsonian Peter Buck Pre-doctoral Fellowship FX We thank Michael Cummings and Allen Collins for helpful comments on an early version of the manuscript and are particularly grateful to two anonymous reviewers who thoroughly and constructively critiqued this manuscript, helping us to improve it considerably. This work was supported by a Smithsonian Peter Buck Pre-doctoral Fellowship. NR 123 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1077-8306 EI 1744-7410 J9 INVERTEBR BIOL JI Invertebr. Biol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 136 IS 1 BP 75 EP 91 DI 10.1111/ivb.12154 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA EN1CJ UT WOS:000395747700008 ER PT J AU Xue, PF Pal, JS Ye, XY Lenters, JD Huang, CF Chu, PY AF Xue, Pengfei Pal, Jeremy S. Ye, Xinyu Lenters, John D. Huang, Chenfu Chu, Philip Y. TI Improving the Simulation of Large Lakes in Regional Climate Modeling: Two-Way Lake-Atmosphere Coupling with a 3D Hydrodynamic Model of the Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ICE COVER; SEA-ICE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; MARITIME CONTINENT; WATER TEMPERATURE; PART I; SUPERIOR; EVAPORATION; WINTER; BASIN AB Accurate representations of lake-ice-atmosphere interactions in regional climate modeling remain one of the most critical and unresolved issues for understanding large-lake ecosystems and their watersheds. To date, the representation of the Great Lakes two-way interactions in regional climate models is achieved with one-dimensional (1D) lake models applied at the atmospheric model lake grid points distributed spatially across a 2D domain. While some progress has been made in refining 1D lake model processes, such models are fundamentally incapable of realistically resolving a number of physical processes in the Great Lakes. In this study, a two-way coupled 3D lake-ice-climate modeling system [Great Lakes-Atmosphere Regional Model (GLARM)] is developed to improve the simulation of large lakes in regional climate models and accurately resolve the hydroclimatic interactions. Model results are compared to a wide variety of observational data and demonstrate the unique skill of the coupled 3D modeling system in reproducing trends and variability in the Great Lakes regional climate, as well as in capturing the physical characteristics of the Great Lakes by fully resolving the lake hydrodynamics. Simulations of the climatology and spatiotemporal variability of lake thermal structure and ice are significantly improved over previous coupled, 1D simulations. At seasonal and annual time scales, differences in model results are primarily observed for variables that are directly affected by lake surface temperature (e.g., evaporation, precipitation, sensible heat flux) while no significant differences are found in other atmospheric variables (e.g., solar radiation, cloud cover). Underlying physical mechanisms for the simulation improvements using GLARM are also discussed. C1 [Xue, Pengfei; Ye, Xinyu; Huang, Chenfu] Michigan Technol Univ, Great Lakes Res Ctr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Xue, Pengfei; Ye, Xinyu; Huang, Chenfu] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Pal, Jeremy S.] Loyola Marymount Univ, Seaver Coll Sci & Engn, Dept Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. [Lenters, John D.] LimnoTech, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Chu, Philip Y.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Contribution 40, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Lenters, John D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Xue, PF (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Great Lakes Res Ctr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.; Xue, PF (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM pexue@mtu.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Grant [GL00E01291-0]; Michigan Tech Research Excellence Fund grant; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES) award FX Xue's research was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Grant GL00E01291-0 and the Michigan Tech Research Excellence Fund grant. A portion of this research was also supported by funding from a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES) award. The Michigan Tech high performance computing cluster "Superior'' was used for the development of the GLARM model presented in this publication. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1605 EP 1627 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0225.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM8CP UT WOS:000395539100004 ER PT J AU Zhu, JS Wang, WQ Kumar, A AF Zhu, Jieshun Wang, Wanqiu Kumar, Arun TI Simulations of MJO Propagation across the Maritime Continent: Impacts of SST Feedback SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; COUPLED EQUATORIAL WAVES; PART I; CONVECTION PARAMETERIZATION; ARAKAWA-SCHUBERT; CLIMATE MODELS; OCEAN MODEL AB The observed Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) tends to propagate eastward across the Maritime Continent from the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean to the western Pacific. However, numerical simulations present different levels of fidelity in representing the propagation, especially for the tropical convection associated with the MJO. This study conducts a series of coupled simulations using the NCEP CFSv2 to explore the impacts of SST feedback and convection parameterization on the propagation simulations. First, two simulations differing in the model horizontal resolutions are conducted. The MJO propagation in these two simulations is found generally insensitive to the resolution change. Further, based on the CFSv2 with a lower resolution, two additional experiments are performed with model SSTs nudged to climatologies with different time scales representing different air-sea coupling strength. It is demonstrated that weakening the air-sea coupling strength significantly degrades the MJO propagation simulation, suggesting the critical role of SST feedback in maintaining MJO propagation. Last, the sensitivity to convection parameterization is explored by comparing two simulations with different convection parameterization schemes. Analyses of these simulations indicate that including air-sea coupling alone in a dynamical model does not result in realistic maintenance of the MJO eastward propagation without the development of favorable SST conditions in the western Pacific. In both observations and one simulation with realistic MJO propagations, the preconditioning of SSTs is strongly affected by surface latent heat fluxes that are modulated by surface wind anomalies in both zonal and meridional directions. The diagnostics highlight the critical contribution from meridional winds in wind speed variations, which has been neglected in most MJO studies. C1 [Zhu, Jieshun] Univ Maryland, Climate Predict Ctr, NOAA NWS NCEP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhu, Jieshun] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Wanqiu; Kumar, Arun] Climate Predict Ctr, NOAA NWS NCEP, College Pk, MD USA. RP Zhu, JS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Climate Predict Ctr, NOAA NWS NCEP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Zhu, JS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jieshun.zhu@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Climate Program Office FX We thank NOAA's Climate Program Office for their support through the Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP) and Climate Variability and Predictability (CVP) programs. We greatly appreciate the helpful internal reviews by Drs. Hui Wang and Steve Baxter. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1689 EP 1704 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0367.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM8CP UT WOS:000395539100008 ER PT J AU Blake, TA Flaud, JM Lafferty, WJ AF Blake, T. A. Flaud, J. -M. Lafferty, W. J. TI First analysis of the rotationally-resolved nu(2) and 2 nu(2)-nu(2) bands of sulfur dioxide, (SO2)-S-33-O-16 SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Sulfur dioxide; Sulfur-33 isotope; High resolution Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Ro-vibrational constants ID HIGH-RESOLUTION ANALYSIS; LINE-INTENSITIES; SO2; (SO2)-S-32-O-18; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRUM; STATES; REANALYSIS AB A Fourier transform spectrum of sulfur dioxide (SO2)-S-33-O-16 has been recorded in the 18.3 mu m spectral region at a resolution of 0.002 cm(-1) using a Bruker IFS 125HR spectrometer leading to the observation of the v(2) and 2v(2)-v(2) vibrational bands of the (SO2)-S-33-O-16 molecule. The corresponding upper state ro-vibrational levels were fit using Watson-type Hamiltonians. In this way it was possible to reproduce the upper state rovibrational levels to within the experimental uncertainty; i.e., similar to 0.20 x 10(-3) cm(-1). Very accurate rotational and centrifugal distortion constants were derived from the fit together with the following band centers: v(0) (v(2)) = 515.659089(50) cm(-1,) v(0)(2v(2)) = 1030.697723(20) cm(-1). (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Blake, T. A.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, POB 999,Mail Stop K4-13, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Flaud, J. -M.] Univ Paris Est Creteil & Paris Diderot, UMR CNRS 7583, LISA, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, 61 Ave Gen Gaulle, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Lafferty, W. J.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Blake, TA (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, POB 999,Mail Stop K4-13, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ta.blake@pnnl.gov FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830]; PNNL's Laboratory Directed Research and Development program; Sensor Science Division FX One of authors (JMF) thanks the Sensor Science Division for support during a stay at NIST. The infrared spectra were recorded at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for the United States Department of Energy by the Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. Funding for recording the spectra was provided by PNNL's Laboratory Directed Research and Development program. TAB would like to thank Dr. James Moran for this support. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 EI 1096-083X J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 333 BP 19 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2016.12.011 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA EO8UH UT WOS:000396965500003 ER PT J AU Chan, EP Lee, SC AF Chan, Edwin P. Lee, Stephen C. TI Thickness-Dependent Swelling of Molecular Layer-by-Layer Polyamide Nanomembranes SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE membranes; networks; polyamides; swelling; thin films; X-ray ID GLASSY-POLYMERS; WATER DESALINATION; THIN-FILM; SORPTION; MEMBRANES; MODEL; GASES AB The thickness-dependent water vapor swelling of molecular layer-by-layer polyamide films is studied via specular X-ray reflectivity. The maximum swelling ratio of these ultrathin films scale inversely with thickness but more importantly show a dual-mode sorption behavior characterized by Langmuir-like sorption at low relative humidity and network swelling at high relative humidity. The thickness-dependent network parameters are extracted using a proposed model that builds on Painter-Shenoy network swelling model while taking into account the glass-like characteristic below a critical swelling ratio, which also scales inversely with thickness. (C) 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Chan, Edwin P.; Lee, Stephen C.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, Stephen C.] Montgomery Coll, 20200 Observat Dr, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. RP Chan, EP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edwin.chan@nist.gov FU NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program FX The authors thank The Dow Chemical Company for its contributions. SL acknowledges the NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program for financial support. The authors thank Christopher L. Soles for insightful discussions. Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2017 VL 55 IS 5 BP 412 EP 417 DI 10.1002/polb.24285 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA EP1GK UT WOS:000397133200002 ER PT J AU Ding, JC Bi, L Yang, P Kattawar, GW Weng, FZ Liu, QH Greenwald, T AF Ding, Jiachen Bi, Lei Yang, Ping Kattawar, George W. Weng, Fuzhong Liu, Quanhua Greenwald, Thomas TI Single-scattering properties of ice particles in the microwave regime: Temperature effect on the ice refractive index with implications in remote sensing SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Light scattering; Microwave remote sensing; Ice particles ID SATELLITE-BASED RETRIEVAL; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RADAR REFLECTIVITY; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; LIGHT-SCATTERING; BULLET ROSETTES; CIRRUS CLOUDS; PART II; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; CRYSTALS AB An ice crystal single-scattering property database is developed in the microwave spectral region (1 to 874 GHz) to provide the scattering, absorption, and polarization properties of 12 ice crystal habits (10 plate aggregate, 5-plate aggregate, 8-column aggregate, solid hexagonal column, hollow hexagonal column, hexagonal plate, solid bullet rosette, hollow bullet rosette, droxtal, oblate spheroid, prolate spheroid, and sphere) with particle maximum dimensions from 2 gm to 10 mm. For each habit, four temperatures (160, 200, 230, and 270 K) are selected to account for temperature dependence of the ice refractive index. The microphysical and scattering properties include projected area, volume, extinction efficiency, single-scattering albedo, asymmetry factor, and six independent nonzero phase matrix elements (i.e. P-11, P-12, P-22, P-33, P-43 and P-44). The scattering properties are computed by the Invariant Imbedding T-Matrix (II-TM) method and the Improved Geometric Optics Method (IGOM). The computation results show that the temperature dependence of the ice single-scattering properties in the microwave region is significant, particularly at high frequencies. Potential active and passive remote sensing applications of the database are illustrated through radar reflectivity and radiative transfer calculations. For cloud radar applications, ignoring temperature dependence has little effect on ice water content measurements. For passive microwave remote sensing, ignoring temperature dependence may lead to brightness temperature biases up to 5 K in the case of a large ice water path. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ding, Jiachen; Bi, Lei; Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. [Yang, Ping; Kattawar, George W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX USA. [Weng, Fuzhong; Liu, Quanhua] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Satellite Meteorol & Climatol Div, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Greenwald, Thomas] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. RP Ding, JC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. EM njudjc@tamu.edu RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011 FU NSF grant [AGS-1338440]; NOAA grant [NA15NES4400003]; David Bullock Harris Chair in Geosciences at the College of Geosciences, Texas MM University FX This study was supported by a NSF grant (AGS-1338440), and partly by a NOAA grant (NA15NES4400003) and the endowment funds related to the David Bullock Harris Chair in Geosciences at the College of Geosciences, Texas MM University. A major portion of the simulations was carried out at the Texas A&M University Supercomputing Facilities, and the authors gratefully acknowledge Facility staff for their help and assistance. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 190 BP 26 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.11.026 PG 12 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA EM3MU UT WOS:000395220100004 ER PT J AU Mineart, KP Dickerson, JD Love, DM Lee, B Zuo, XB Spontak, RJ AF Mineart, Kenneth P. Dickerson, Joshua D. Love, Dillon M. Lee, Byeongdu Zuo, Xiaobing Spontak, Richard J. TI Hydrothermal Conditioning of Physical Hydrogels Prepared from a Midblock-Sulfonated Multiblock Copolymer SO MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE block ionomer; hydrothermal conditioning; multiblock copolymer; physical hydrogel; thermoplastic elastomer ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; MEMBRANE APPLICATIONS; IONOMERS; POLYMER; GELS; POLYAMPHOLYTE AB Since nanostructured amphiphilic macromolecules capable of affording high ion and water transport are becoming increasingly important in a wide range of contemporary energy and environmental technologies, the swelling kinetics and temperature dependence of water uptake are investigated in a series of midblock-sulfonated thermoplastic elastomers. Upon self-assembly, these materials maintain a stable hydrogel network in the presence of a polar liquid. In this study, real-time water-sorption kinetics in copolymer films prepared by different casting solvents are elucidated by synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering and gravimetric measurements, which directly correlate nanostructural changes with macroscopic swelling to establish fundamental structure-property behavior. By monitoring the equilibrium swelling capacity of these materials over a range of temperatures, an unexpected transition in the vicinity of 50 degrees C has been discovered. Depending on copolymer morphology and degree of sulfonation, hydrothermal conditioning of specimens to temperatures above this transition permits retention of superabsorbent swelling at ambient temperature. C1 [Mineart, Kenneth P.; Love, Dillon M.; Spontak, Richard J.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Box 8204, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Dickerson, Joshua D.; Spontak, Richard J.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 8204, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lee, Byeongdu; Zuo, Xiaobing] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, X ray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Mineart, Kenneth P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Love, Dillon M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Spontak, RJ (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Box 8204, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.; Spontak, RJ (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 8204, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Rich_Spontak@ncsu.edu OI Mineart, Kenneth/0000-0003-2374-4670 FU Nonwovens Institute at NC State University; MANN+HUMMEL GmbH; NC State Office of Undergraduate Research; DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the Nonwovens Institute at NC State University, as well as MANN+HUMMEL GmbH and the NC State Office of Undergraduate Research. This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1336 EI 1521-3927 J9 MACROMOL RAPID COMM JI Macromol. Rapid Commun. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 38 IS 5 AR 1600666 DI 10.1002/marc.201600666 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA EM6BP UT WOS:000395398100003 ER PT J AU Pearson, HC Jones, PW Srinivasan, M Lundquist, D Pearson, CJ Stockin, KA Machovsky-Capuska, GE AF Pearson, Heidi C. Jones, Peter W. Srinivasan, Mridula Lundquist, David Pearson, Christopher J. Stockin, Karen A. Machovsky-Capuska, Gabriel E. TI Testing and deployment of C-VISS (cetacean-borne video camera and integrated sensor system) on wild dolphins SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUCTION-CUP TAG; LAGENORHYNCHUS-OBSCURUS; SAMPLING METHODS; DUSKY DOLPHIN; BEHAVIOR; CRITTERCAM; WHALES; INSIGHTS; ECOLOGY; SEA AB Multi-sensor biologgers are a powerful method for studying individual behaviors of free-ranging species yet the challenges of attaching non invasive biologgers to agile fast-moving marine species have prohibited application of this technique to small (< 5 m) cetaceans. Integration of video cameras into such biologgers is critical to understanding behavior from the animal ' s perspective however this technique has not been applied to small cetaceans. We examined the feasibility of remotely deploying a cetacean-borne video camera and integrated sensor system ('' C-VISS '') on small cetaceans. We deployed C-VISS on eight free-swimming dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) off New Zealand (42 degrees 25 ' 15 '' S 173 degrees 40 ' 23 '' E) from December 2015 to January 2016 collecting a total of 535 min of video footage (average = 66.8 +/- 91.10 SD range 9-284). Dolphins were observed to show limited reactions to biologger attachment attempts and deployments. Social and environmental parameters derived from video footage include conspecific body condition mother-calf spatial positioning affiliative behavior sexual behavior sociability prey and habitat type. The ability to record behavioral states and fine-scale events from the individual ' s perspective will yield new insights into the behavior socioecology conservation rehabilitation and welfare of small cetaceans. C1 [Pearson, Heidi C.] Univ Alaska Southeast, 11120 Glacier Hwy, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Pearson, Heidi C.; Pearson, Christopher J.] Dusky Dolphin Res Project, 17131 Glacier Hwy, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Jones, Peter W.] Univ Sydney, Sch Elect & Informat Engn, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Srinivasan, Mridula] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Lundquist, David] Dept Conservat, 18-32 Manners St, Wellington 6143, New Zealand. [Stockin, Karen A.] Massey Univ, Inst Nat & Math Sci, Coastal Marine Res Grp, Auckland, New Zealand. [Machovsky-Capuska, Gabriel E.] Univ Sydney, Sydney Sch Vet Sci, Charles Perkins Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Pearson, HC (reprint author), Univ Alaska Southeast, 11120 Glacier Hwy, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.; Pearson, HC (reprint author), Dusky Dolphin Res Project, 17131 Glacier Hwy, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM hcpearson@alaska.edu NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 164 IS 3 AR 42 DI 10.1007/s00227-017-3079-z PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EM2XY UT WOS:000395180300005 ER PT J AU Peckham, SH Maldonado, D Matsuzawa, Y Dean, K Kelly, IK AF Peckham, S. Hoyt Maldonado, David Matsuzawa, Yoshimasa Dean, Kama Kelly, Irene Kinan TI Connecting fishers to conserve a transpacific ambassador: A trinational fisheries learning exchange SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article ID LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; CARETTA-CARETTA; BYCATCH; MANAGEMENT AB Fisheries learning exchanges (FLE) can be useful for enhancing fisheries management. Reversing the decline of the North Pacific loggerhead turtle is a priority articulated in US, Japanese, and Mexican natural resources policy. However, by 2005, while nesting beach protection was strong in Japan and bycatch reduction had been achieved in U.S. Hawaii-based longline fisheries, bycatch mortality was very high in Mexican artisanal fisheries and believed to be problematic in Japanese coastal fisheries. Efforts to conserve the population were hindered by lack of understanding and cooperation by and between fishers, conservation practitioners, scientists, and managers of all three countries. The authors produced a trinational FLE with participants from Japan, Mexico, and Hawaii to share bycatch challenges and develop solutions. The trinational FLE gave fishers and other participatits new, otherwise unattainable knowledge, perspectives, and experiences that empowered them as leaders among their peers, resulting in unexpectedly strong cultural and conservation outcomes that included: a) understanding of the myriad threats to loggerheads throughout their ranges and lifetimes, b) development of a transpacific conservation partnerships to undertake coordinated recovery efforts, c) participatory research to develop and test bycatch reduction technological and practical solutions for Japan and Mexico, and d) hundreds of juvenile loggerheads spared per yr from bycatch mortality via changes in fishing practices by FLE participants. The authors conclude that the reciprocal FLE can serve as a practical tool with potential for broad application for empowering fishers and other fisheries stakeholders to improve fisheries. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Peckham, S. Hoyt] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Maldonado, David] Grp Tortuguero Californias, La Paz, Baja Calif Sur, Bolivia. [Matsuzawa, Yoshimasa] Sea Turtle Assoc Japan, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan. [Dean, Kama] ProPeninsula, San Diego, CA USA. [Kelly, Irene Kinan] Western Pacific Reg Fisheries Management Council, Honolulu, HI USA. [Peckham, S. Hoyt] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Maldonado, David] SmartFish AC, La Paz, Baja California, Mexico. [Matsuzawa, Yoshimasa] Suma Aqualife Pk, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. [Dean, Kama] Walton Family Fdn, Denver, CO USA. [Kelly, Irene Kinan] NOAA, Fisheries Pacific Isl Reg Off, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Peckham, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.; Peckham, SH (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM peckham@stanford.edu FU Japan Foundation; Western Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Council; World Wildlife Fund FX The authors thank the participants of the exchange, both those who traveled and also the many fishers, their families and others, who so graciously hosted our delegations in Japan, Hawaii, and Mexico. The teams of Proyecto Caguama, ProPeninsula, Grupo Tortuguero, the Sea Turtle Association of Japan, and the Hawaii Longline Association all worked to make the trinational fisheries exchange a success, especially T. Ishihara, M. Kojiro K. Simonds, Y. Swimmer, G. Balazs, S. Kubis, J. Laudino-Santillan, C. Lucero-Romero, John Myking, John Hall, Leland Oldenberg, Russell Ito, and translators H. Ida, T. Shimada, and D. Durazo. The authors acknowledge the invaluable work of the Proyecto Caguama team to conduct the underlying research and engage fishers of Baja California Sur, in particular V. de la Toba, J. Laudino, A. Gaos, R. Ochoa, N. Rossi, R. Donadi, R. Rangel, and E. Caballero-Aspe. The Trinational FLE was funded by the Japan Foundation, Western Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Council, and the World Wildlife Fund, and the authors are grateful to them and in particular to K. Davis whose immediate appreciation of the authors' vision and early financial support from WWF served as anchor funding for this initiative when it seemed impossible. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their help improving this manuscript. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 77 BP 231 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2016.07.006 PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA EL3YU UT WOS:000394557400031 ER PT J AU Cheng, LJ Trenberth, KE Fasullo, J Boyer, T Abraham, J Zhu, J AF Cheng, Lijing Trenberth, Kevin E. Fasullo, John Boyer, Tim Abraham, John Zhu, Jiang TI Improved estimates of ocean heat content from 1960 to 2015 SO SCIENCE ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE WARMING HIATUS; GLOBAL UPPER-OCEAN; SEA-LEVEL; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; ARTIFACTS; IMBALANCE; SLOWDOWN; DESIGN AB Earth's energy imbalance (EEI) drives the ongoing global warming and can best be assessed across the historical record (that is, since 1960) from ocean heat content (OHC) changes. An accurate assessment of OHC is a challenge, mainly because of insufficient and irregular data coverage. We provide updated OHC estimates with the goal of minimizing associated sampling error. We performed a subsample test, in which subsets of data during the data-rich Argo era are colocated with locations of earlier ocean observations, to quantify this error. Our results provide a new OHC estimate with an unbiased mean sampling error and with variability on decadal and multidecadal time scales (signal) that can be reliably distinguished fromsampling error (noise) with signal-to-noise ratios higher than 3. The inferred integrated EEI is greater than that reported in previous assessments and is consistent with a reconstruction of the radiative imbalance at the top of atmosphere starting in 1985. We found that changes in OHC are relatively small before about 1980; since then, OHC has increased fairly steadily and, since 1990, has increasingly involved deeper layers of the ocean. In addition, OHC changes in sixmajor oceans are reliable on decadal time scales. All ocean basins examined have experienced significant warming since 1998, with the greatest warming in the southern oceans, the tropical/subtropical Pacific Ocean, and the tropical/subtropical Atlantic Ocean. This new look at OHC and EEI changes over time provides greater confidence than previously possible, and the data sets produced are a valuable resource for further study. C1 [Cheng, Lijing; Zhu, Jiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Int Ctr Climate & Environm Sci, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Trenberth, Kevin E.; Fasullo, John] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Boyer, Tim] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Abraham, John] Univ St Thomas, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. RP Cheng, LJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Int Ctr Climate & Environm Sci, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM chenglij@mail.iap.ac.cn OI Trenberth, Kevin/0000-0002-1445-1000 FU Chinese Academy Sciences' Project "Western Pacific Ocean System: Structure, Dynamics and Consequences" [XDA11010405]; Natural Science Foundation of China [41506029, 41476016, 2016YFC1401800]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0012711]; NSF [ID 1243125]; NASA [NNH11ZDA001N]; U.S. NSF; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office [OAR-CPO-NES-NCEI SLA 17-1-001] FX L.C. and J.Z. were supported by the Chinese Academy Sciences' Project "Western Pacific Ocean System: Structure, Dynamics and Consequences" (XDA11010405), the Natural Science Foundation of China (41506029 and 41476016), and 2016YFC1401800. K.E.T. and J.F. were partially sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (grant DE-SC0012711). J.F. was sponsored additionally by NSF Award ID 1243125 and NASA Award Number NNH11ZDA001N. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the U.S. NSF. T.B. was funded by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office, OAR-CPO-NES-NCEI SLA 17-1-001, from 2016 to 2018. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 2375-2548 J9 SCI ADV JI Sci. Adv. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 3 IS 3 AR e1601545 DI 10.1126/sciadv.1601545 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EO9YM UT WOS:000397044000014 PM 28345033 ER PT J AU Essington, TE Ciannelli, L Heppell, SS Levin, PS McClanahan, TR Micheli, F Plaganyi, EE van Putten, IE AF Essington, Timothy E. Ciannelli, Lorenzo Heppell, Selina S. Levin, Phillip S. McClanahan, Timothy R. Micheli, Fiorenza Plaganyi, Eva E. van Putten, Ingrid E. TI Empiricism and Modeling for Marine Fisheries: Advancing an Interdisciplinary Science SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE marine fisheries; modeling; interdisciplinarity; global change; sustainabiity; empiricism ID DYNAMIC OCEAN MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; SOCIAL-SCIENCE; ECOSYSTEMS; CONSERVATION; SERVICES; IMPACTS; SUSTAINABILITY; VULNERABILITY AB Marine fisheries science is a broad field that is fundamentally concerned with sustainability across ecological, economic, and social dimensions. Ensuring the delivery of food, security, equity, and well-being while sustaining ecosystems in the face of rapid change is, by far, the main challenge facing marine fisheries. A tighter integration of modeling and empiricism is needed to confront this challenge. In particular, improved incorporation of empirically grounded and realistic representation of human behaviors into models will greatly enhance our ability to predict likely outcomes under alternative adaptive strategies. Challenges to this integration certainly exist, but many of these can be overcome via improved professional training that reduces cultural rifts between empiricists and modelers and between natural and social sciences, ideally ending the presumption that there is a divide between empiricism and modeling. C1 [Essington, Timothy E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ciannelli, Lorenzo] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Heppell, Selina S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [McClanahan, Timothy R.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Marine Programs, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Micheli, Fiorenza] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Monterey, CA USA. [Plaganyi, Eva E.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [van Putten, Ingrid E.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas, Australia. RP Essington, TE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM essing@uw.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE-1154648AM001]; John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation FX We thank Steve Carpenter and Monica Turner for inviting us to join the special feature. Tim Essington was supported by National Science Foundation Grant OCE-1154648AM001. Tim McClanahan was funded by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation during this study period. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD MAR PY 2017 VL 20 IS 2 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1007/s10021-016-0073-0 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EN2VK UT WOS:000395868200005 ER PT J AU Seifi, M Gorelik, M Waller, J Hrabe, N Shamsaei, N Daniewicz, S Lewandowski, JJ AF Seifi, Mohsen Gorelik, Michael Waller, Jess Hrabe, Nik Shamsaei, Nima Daniewicz, Steve Lewandowski, John J. TI Progress Towards Metal Additive Manufacturing Standardization to Support Qualification and Certification SO JOM LA English DT Article ID LASER-DEPOSITED TI-6AL-4V; 316L STAINLESS-STEEL; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FATIGUE PERFORMANCE; MELTED TI-6AL-4V; HEAT-TREATMENT; EBM TI-6AL-4V; BEHAVIOR; MICROSTRUCTURE; POROSITY AB As the metal additive manufacturing (AM) industry moves towards industrial production, the need for qualification standards covering all aspects of the technology becomes ever more prevalent. While some standards and specifications for documenting the various aspects of AM processes and materials exist and continue to evolve, many such standards still need to be matured or are under consideration/development within standards development organizations. An important subset of this evolving the standardization domain has to do with critical property measurements for AM materials. While such measurement procedures are well documented, with various legacy standards for conventional metallic material forms such as cast or wrought structural alloys, many fewer standards are currently available to enable systematic evaluation of those properties in AM-processed metallic materials. This is due in part to the current lack of AM-specific standards and specifications for AM materials and processes, which are a logical precursor to the material characterization standards for any material system. This paper summarizes some of the important standardization activities, as well as limitations associated with using currently available standards for metal AM with a focus on measuring mission-critical properties. Technical considerations in support of future standards development, as well as a pathway for qualification/certification ofAMparts enabled by the appropriate standardization landscape, are discussed. C1 [Seifi, Mohsen; Lewandowski, John J.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Gorelik, Michael] FAA, Scottsdale, AZ USA. [Waller, Jess] Natl Aeronaut & Space Agcy, Las Cruces, NM USA. [Hrabe, Nik] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Shamsaei, Nima] Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Daniewicz, Steve] Univ Alabama, Dept Mech Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. RP Seifi, M (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM mohsen.seifi@case.edu NR 99 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAR PY 2017 VL 69 IS 3 BP 439 EP 455 DI 10.1007/s11837-017-2265-2 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA EM0PF UT WOS:000395019500002 ER PT J AU Stoudt, MR Ricker, RE Lass, EA Levine, LE AF Stoudt, M. R. Ricker, R. E. Lass, E. A. Levine, L. E. TI Influence of Postbuild Microstructure on the Electrochemical Behavior of Additively Manufactured 17-4 PH Stainless Steel SO JOM LA English DT Article ID PIT INITIATION; NITROGEN; CORROSION AB The additive manufacturing build process produces a segregated microstructure with significant variations in composition and phases that are uncommon in traditional wrought materials. As such, the relationship between the postbuild microstructure and the corrosion resistance is not well understood. Stainless steel alloy 17-4 precipitation hardened (SS17-4PH) is an industrially relevant alloy for applications requiring high strength and good corrosion resistance. A series of potentiodynamic scans conducted in a deaerated 0.5-mol/L NaCl solution evaluated the influence of these microstructural differences on the pitting behavior of SS17-4. The pitting potentials were found to be higher in the samples of additively processed material than in the samples of the alloy in wrought form. This indicates that the additively processed material is more resistant to localized corrosion and pitting in this environment than is the wrought alloy. The results also suggest that after homogenization, the additively produced SS17-4 could be more resistant to pitting than the wrought SS17-4 is in an actual service environment. C1 [Stoudt, M. R.; Ricker, R. E.; Lass, E. A.; Levine, L. E.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stoudt, MR (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stoudt@nist.gov NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAR PY 2017 VL 69 IS 3 BP 506 EP 515 DI 10.1007/s11837-016-2237-y PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA EM0PF UT WOS:000395019500010 ER PT J AU Monnahan, CC Thorson, JT Branch, TA AF Monnahan, Cole C. Thorson, James T. Branch, Trevor A. TI Faster estimation of Bayesian models in ecology using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Editorial Material DE Bayesian inference; hierarchical modelling; Markov chain Monte Carlo; no-U-turn sampler; Stan ID UNCERTAINTY; FRAMEWORK; INFERENCE; DYNAMICS; BUILDER AB Bayesian inference is a powerful tool to better understand ecological processes across varied subfields in ecology, and is often implemented in generic and flexible software packages such as the widely used BUGS family (BUGS, WinBUGS, OpenBUGS and JAGS). However, some models have prohibitively long run times when implemented in BUGS. A relatively new software platform called Stan uses Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC), a family of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms which promise improved efficiency and faster inference relative to those used by BUGS. Stan is gaining traction in many fields as an alternative to BUGS, but adoption has been slow in ecology, likely due in part to the complex nature of HMC. Here, we provide an intuitive illustration of the principles of HMC on a set of simple models. We then compared the relative efficiency of BUGS and Stan using population ecology models that vary in size and complexity. For hierarchical models, we also investigated the effect of an alternative parameterization of random effects, known as non-centering. For small, simple models there is little practical difference between the two platforms, but Stan outperforms BUGS as model size and complexity grows. Stan also performs well for hierarchical models, but is more sensitive to model parameterization than BUGS. Stan may also be more robust to biased inference caused by pathologies, because it produces diagnostic warnings where BUGS provides none. Disadvantages of Stan include an inability to use discrete parameters, more complex diagnostics and a greater requirement for hands-on tuning. Given these results, Stan is a valuable tool for many ecologists utilizing Bayesian inference, particularly for problems where BUGS is prohibitively slow. As such, Stan can extend the boundaries of feasible models for applied problems, leading to better understanding of ecological processes. Fields that would likely benefit include estimation of individual and population growth rates, meta-analyses and cross-system comparisons and spatiotemporal models. C1 [Monnahan, Cole C.] Univ Washington, Quantitat Ecol & Resource Management, Box 352182, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thorson, James T.] NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Branch, Trevor A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Monnahan, CC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Quantitat Ecol & Resource Management, Box 352182, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM monnahc@uw.edu OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement [NA10OAR4320148, NA15OAR4320063, 2016-01-23]; Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington [NA14OAR4170078]; Richard C. and Lois M. Worthington Endowed Professorship in Fisheries Management FX We thank Bob Carpenter and Michael Betancourt for insights on a variety of conceptual issues and constructive feedback on an earlier draft. Margaret Siple, Eric Buhle, Kevin See, Jim Mastic and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable feedback on an earlier version of this manuscript. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative. Agreement NA10OAR4320148 (2010-2015) and NA15OAR4320063 (2015-2020), Contribution No. 2016-01-23. This work was partially funded in part by a grant from Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington, pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award No. NA14OAR4170078. TAB was also funded by the Richard C. and Lois M. Worthington Endowed Professorship in Fisheries Management. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 8 IS 3 BP 339 EP 348 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12681 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EN5AG UT WOS:000396017400008 ER PT J AU Waples, RS Anderson, EC AF Waples, Robin S. Anderson, Eric C. TI Purging putative siblings from population genetic data sets: a cautionary view SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE allele frequency; effective population size; family structure; genetic differentiation; precision ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; SIBSHIP RECONSTRUCTION; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ALLELE-FREQUENCY; EFFECTIVE NUMBER; SIZE; PROGRAM; BREEDERS; CONSERVATION AB Interest has surged recently in removing siblings from population genetic data sets before conducting downstream analyses. However, even if the pedigree is inferred correctly, this has the potential to do more harm than good. We used computer simulations and empirical samples of coho salmon to evaluate strategies for adjusting samples to account for family structure. We compared performance in full samples and sibling-reduced samples of estimators of allele frequency (P), population differentiation (FST) and effective population size (Ne). Results: (i) unless simulated samples included large family groups together with a component of unrelated individuals, removing siblings generally reduced precision of P and FST; (ii) Ne based on the linkage disequilibrium method was largely unbiased using full random samples but became increasingly upwardly biased under aggressive purging of siblings. Under nonrandom sampling (some families over-represented), Ne using full samples was downwardly biased; removing just the right Goldilocks' fraction of siblings could produce an unbiased estimate, but this sweet spot varied widely among scenarios; (iii) weighting individuals based on the inferred pedigree (to produce a best linear unbiased estimator, BLUE) maximized precision of P when the inferred pedigree was correct but performed poorly when the pedigree was wrong; (iv) a variant of sibling removal that leaves intact small sibling groups appears to be more robust to errors in inferences about family structure. Our results illustrate the complex challenges posed by presence of family structure, suggest that no single optimal solution exists and argue for caution in adjusting population genetic data sets for the presence of putative siblings without fully understanding the consequences. C1 [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Anderson, Eric C.] NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1211 EP 1224 DI 10.1111/mec.14022 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EN0LD UT WOS:000395700600002 PM 28099771 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Seo, DJ AF Zhang, Yu Seo, Dong-Jun TI Recursive estimators of mean-areal and local bias in precipitation products that account for conditional bias SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Radar; Precipitation; Bias; Optimal estimation ID SATELLITE RAINFALL PRODUCTS; REAL-TIME ESTIMATION; FIELD BIAS; RADAR; GAUGE; VARIABILITY; ACCURACY AB This paper presents novel formulations of Mean field bias (MFB) and local bias (LB) correction schemes that incorporate conditional bias (CB) penalty. These schemes are based on the operational MFB and LB algorithms in the National Weather Service (NWS) Multisensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE). By incorporating CB penalty in the cost function of exponential smoothers, we are able to derive augmented versions of recursive estimators of MFB and LB. Two extended versions of MFB algorithms are presented, one incorporating spatial variation of gauge locations only (MFB-L), and the second integrating both gauge locations and CB penalty (MFB-X). These two MFB schemes and the extended LB scheme (LB-X) are assessed relative to the original MFB and LB algorithms (referred to as MFB-O and LB -O, respectively) through a retrospective experiment over a radar domain in north-central Texas, and through a synthetic experiment over the Mid-Atlantic region. The outcome of the former experiment indicates that introducing the CB penalty to the MFB formulation leads to small, but consistent improvements in bias and CB, while its impacts on hourly correlation and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) are mixed. Incorporating CB penalty in LB formulation tends to improve the RMSE at high rainfall thresholds, but its impacts on bias are also mixed. The synthetic experiment suggests that beneficial impacts are more conspicuous at low gauge density (9 per 58,000 km(2)), and tend to diminish at higher gauge density. The improvement at high rainfall intensity is partly an outcome of the conservativeness of the extended LB scheme. This conservativeness arises in part from the more frequent presence of negative eigenvalues in the extended covariance matrix which leads to no, or smaller incremental changes to the smoothed rainfall amounts. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zhang, Yu] Natl Weather Serv, Off Water Predict, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Seo, Dong-Jun] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Off Water Predict, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM yu.zhang@noaa.gov FU NOAA FX This work was in part supported by the NOAA US Weather Research Program through the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) effort. We would like to thank Seann Reed and Greg Shelton for providing the Multisensor and radar quantitative precipitation estimates, Greg Fall and Rob Cifelli for careful reviews and insightful comments, and Yuxiang He for helps with processing gauge records and mapping tools. Three anonymous reviewers offered a number of suggestions that help greatly improve the quality of the paper, and their contributions are graciously acknowledged here. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 101 BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2017.01.002 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA EN2PY UT WOS:000395853600005 ER PT J AU Provencal, S Buchard, V da Silva, AM Leduc, R Barrette, N AF Provencal, Simon Buchard, Virginie da Silva, Arlindo M. Leduc, Richard Barrette, Nathalie TI Evaluation of PM surface concentrations simulated by Version 1 of NASA's MERRA Aerosol Reanalysis over Europe SO ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MERRAero; Evaluation; Particulate matter (PM); Air quality; Europe ID RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION; PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR-QUALITY; MODEL PERFORMANCE; SAHARAN DUST; TRANSPORT; CITIES; URBAN AB This article evaluates the concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and some of its chemical speciation such as sulfate, organic carbon, black carbon and sea salt particles simulated at the surface by Version 1 of the Aerosol Reanalysis of NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Application (MERRAero) over Europe. Measurement data from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme database were used. The concentrations of coarse PM (PM10), fine PM (PM2.5), sulfate and black carbon particles are overall well simulated, despite a slight and consistent overestimation of PM10 concentration, and a slight and consistent underestimation of PM2.5 and sulfate concentrations throughout most of the year. The concentration of organic carbon was largely underestimated, especially in winter, caused by two specific monitoring stations in Italy, resulting in an overall poor performance for this particular species. After removing these two stations from the sample, the evaluation of OC substantially improved but an underestimation in winter remained. Carbon emissions originating from anthropogenic sources, such as residential wood burning in winter, unresolved by MERRAero provide a plausible explanation for this discrepancy. The evaluation of PM2.5, sulfate and organic carbon concentrations improved during the summer. The concentration of fine sea salt particles was consistently and largely overestimated, but contributes relatively little to total PM2.5 concentration. Copyright (C) 2016 Turkish National Committee for Air Pollution Research and Control. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Provencal, Simon; Leduc, Richard; Barrette, Nathalie] Univ Laval, Dept Geog, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Buchard, Virginie; da Silva, Arlindo M.] NOAA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Buchard, Virginie] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD USA. RP Provencal, S (reprint author), Univ Laval, Dept Geog, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. EM simon.provencal.1@ulaval.ca NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TURKISH NATL COMMITTEE AIR POLLUTION RES & CONTROL-TUNCAP PI BUCA PA DOKUZ EYLUL UNIV, DEPT ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, TINAZTEPE CAMPUS, BUCA, IZMIR 35160, TURKEY SN 1309-1042 J9 ATMOS POLLUT RES JI Atmos. Pollut. Res. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 8 IS 2 BP 374 EP 382 DI 10.1016/j.apr.2016.10.009 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EP5RF UT WOS:000397435600018 ER PT J AU Jasonowicz, AJ Goetz, FW Goetz, GW Nichols, KM AF Jasonowicz, Andrew J. Goetz, Frederick W. Goetz, Giles W. Nichols, Krista M. TI Love the one you're with: genomic evidence of panmixia in the sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SNAPPER LUTJANUS-CAMPECHANUS; HALIBUT REINHARDTIUS-HIPPOGLOSSOIDES; CALIFORNIA CURRENT ECOSYSTEM; SOLE MICROSTOMUS-PACIFICUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; JUVENILE SABLEFISH; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; RED SNAPPER AB Understanding the genetic structure of a fishery may help delineate stocks and is directly applicable to resource management. To date, studies have not found clear population genetic structure across the range of the sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), yet significant biological differences are recognized. Here we use restriction site-associated DNA sequencing to develop thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) throughout the sablefish genome and assess population genetic structure and examine the genome for SNPs under natural selection. Our study was unable to target spawning groups, having the potential to bias analyses that require a priori hypotheses of population structure. Low and insignificant levels of differentiation (FST = 0.0002) were observed among survey areas, and analyses of population structure suggested a single population. Only two SNPs were significantly associated with environmental variables. These results are likely due to considerable population mixing and suggest a single panmictic group of sablefish off the west coast of the United States and Alaska that is likely a consequence of a complex juvenile life history and long range movements as adults. C1 [Jasonowicz, Andrew J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, 1122 NE Boat St,Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Goetz, Frederick W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div Manchester Res Stn, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. [Goetz, Giles W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Nichols, Krista M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Conserv Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd,E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Nichols, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Conserv Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd,E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM krista.nichols@noaa.gov FU NOAA Aquaculture Program FX For the collection of samples and associated metadata for this study, we gratefully acknowledge and thank the Fisheries Resource and Monitoring Division (FRAM) at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center, both the Resource Conservation and Engineering Division (RACE) and the Marine Ecology and Stock Assessment Group (MESA) at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, as well as the crews of the F/V Vesterallen, F/V Alaska Leader, F/V Ms. Julie, F/V Noah's Ark, and F/V Excalibur. Advanced computational, storage, and networking infrastructure for the analysis of data was provided by the Hyak supercomputer system at the University of Washington. We thank Nils Ryman for providing a version of the computer program POWSIM that was compiled specifically to accommodate the size of this data set. We also thank Steven Roberts, Lorenz Hauser, Jeff Guyon, Chris Lunsford, Jeff Hard, and Jason Cope, who provided comments that improved earlier versions of this manuscript. This work was funded by the NOAA Aquaculture Program. NR 114 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 74 IS 3 BP 377 EP 387 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2016-0012 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EM7ZX UT WOS:000395532000010 ER PT J AU Collister, R Zhang, J Tandecki, M Aubin, S Gomez, E Gwinner, G Orozco, LA Pearson, MR Behr, JA AF Collister, R. Zhang, J. Tandecki, M. Aubin, S. Gomez, E. Gwinner, G. Orozco, L. A. Pearson, M. R. Behr, J. A. TI Photoionization of the francium 7P(3/2) state SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE photoionization; alkali atoms; magneto-optical trap ID CROSS-SECTIONS; MAGNETOOPTICAL TRAP; EXCITED-STATES; ATOMS; SODIUM; PHOTOASSOCIATION; POTASSIUM; MOLECULES; LITHIUM; CESIUM AB We have measured the non-resonant photoionization cross section of the 7P(3/2) state of francium for 442 nm light to be 20.8 +/- 7.1 Mb. Atoms were irradiated in a magneto-optical trap, and we deduce the photoionization rate from the change in trap lifetime. The result is consistent with a simple extrapolation of known cross sections for other alkali atoms. C1 [Collister, R.; Gwinner, G.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Zhang, J.; Orozco, L. A.] Univ Maryland, JQI, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhang, J.; Orozco, L. A.] Univ Maryland, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tandecki, M.; Pearson, M. R.; Behr, J. A.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Aubin, S.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Gomez, E.] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Inst Fis, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico. RP Collister, R (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. EM rcollister@triumf.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; United States Department of Energy; National Science Foundation; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia Y Tecnologia from Mexico; University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship; National Research Council of Canada FX The authors would like to thank the ISAC staff at TRIUMF for developing the Fr beam. This work is supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, United States Department of Energy and National Science Foundation, and Consejo Nacional de Ciencia Y Tecnologia from Mexico. R.C. acknowledges support from a University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship. TRIUMF receives federal funding via a contribution agreement with the National Research Council of Canada. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 EI 1208-6045 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 95 IS 3 BP 234 EP 237 DI 10.1139/cjp-2016-0311 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA EM8CS UT WOS:000395539400004 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, SE Fox, PA Di Stefano, M Maffei, A West, P Hare, JA Fogarty, M AF Beaulieu, Stace E. Fox, Peter A. Di Stefano, Massimo Maffei, Andrew West, Patrick Hare, Jonathan A. Fogarty, Michael TI Toward cyberinfrastructure to facilitate collaboration and reproducibility for marine integrated ecosystem assessments SO EARTH SCIENCE INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE E-science; Executable workflow; Indicator; IPython notebook; Open science; Use case methodology ID SCIENCE; SYSTEM AB There is a growing need for cyberinfrastructure to support science-based decision making in management of natural resources. In particular, our motivation was to aid the development of cyberinfrastructure for Integrated Ecosystem Assessments (IEAs) for marine ecosystems. The IEA process involves analysis of natural and socio-economic information based on diverse and disparate sources of data, requiring collaboration among scientists of many disciplines and communication with other stakeholders. Here we describe our bottom-up approach to developing cyberinfrastructure through a collaborative process engaging a small group of domain and computer scientists and software engineers. We report on a use case evaluated for an Ecosystem Status Report, a multi-disciplinary report inclusive of Earth, life, and social sciences, for the Northeast U.S. Continental Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem. Ultimately, we focused on sharing workflows as a component of the cyberinfrastructure to facilitate collaboration and reproducibility. We developed and deployed a software environment to generate a portion of the Report, retaining traceability of derived datasets including indicators of climate forcing, physical pressures, and ecosystem states. Our solution for sharing workflows and delivering reproducible documents includes IPython (now Jupyter) Notebooks. We describe technical and social challenges that we encountered in the use case and the importance of training to aid the adoption of best practices and new technologies by domain scientists. We consider the larger challenges for developing end-to-end cyberinfrastructure that engages other participants and stakeholders in the IEA process. C1 [Beaulieu, Stace E.; Di Stefano, Massimo; Maffei, Andrew] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Fox, Peter A.; Di Stefano, Massimo; West, Patrick] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Tetherless World Constellat, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Di Stefano, Massimo] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Hare, Jonathan A.; Fogarty, Michael] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Beaulieu, SE (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM stace@whoi.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation [0955649]; Investment in Science Fund at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution FX We would like to thank others in the Ecosystem Assessment Program who contributed to use case development, including G. DePiper, K. Friedland, S. Gaichas, K. Hyde, R. Gamble, M. Jones, and S. Lucey. We would like to thank our colleagues for commenting on this manuscript, including B. Lee, J. Futrelle, X. Ma, A. Shipunova, A. Voorhis, and S. Zednik, and three anonymous reviewers. Support for this research was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation #0955649 with additional support to SB by the Investment in Science Fund at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1865-0473 EI 1865-0481 J9 EARTH SCI INFORM JI Earth Sci. Inform. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 10 IS 1 BP 85 EP 97 DI 10.1007/s12145-016-0280-4 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA EM1IS UT WOS:000395071900007 ER PT J AU Wang, X Hutchinson, TC Astroza, R Conte, JP Restrepo, JI Hoehler, MS Ribeiro, W AF Wang, Xiang Hutchinson, Tara C. Astroza, Rodrigo Conte, Joel P. Restrepo, Jose I. Hoehler, Matthew S. Ribeiro, Waldir TI Shake table testing of an elevator system in a full-scale five-story building SO EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING & STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE elevators; nonstructural systems; shake table tests ID COUNTERWEIGHT SYSTEMS; SEISMIC RESPONSE AB This paper investigates the seismic performance of a functional traction elevator as part of a full-scale five-story building shake table test program. The test building was subjected to a suite of earthquake input motions of increasing intensity, first while the building was isolated at its base and subsequently while it was fixed to the shake table platen. In addition, low-amplitude white noise base excitation tests were conducted while the elevator system was placed in three different configurations, namely, by varying the vertical location of its cabin and counterweight, to study the acceleration amplifications of the elevator components due to dynamic excitations. During the earthquake tests, detailed observation of the physical damage and operability of the elevator as well as its measured response are reported. Although the cabin and counterweight sustained large accelerations because of impact during these tests, the use of well-restrained guide shoes demonstrated its effectiveness in preventing the cabin and counterweight from derailment during high-intensity earthquake shaking. However, differential displacements induced by the building imposed undesirable distortion of the elevator components and their surrounding support structure, which caused damage and inoperability of the elevator doors. It is recommended that these aspects be explicitly considered in elevator seismic design. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Wang, Xiang; Hutchinson, Tara C.; Conte, Joel P.; Restrepo, Jose I.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Astroza, Rodrigo] Univ Los Andes, Fac Ingn & Ciencias Aplicadas, Santiago, Chile. [Hoehler, Matthew S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ribeiro, Waldir] Schindler Elevator Corp, Randolph, NJ 07869 USA. RP Hutchinson, TC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM tara@ucsd.edu FU NSF-NEESR program [CMMI-0936505] FX This project is a collaboration between four academic institutions (University of California, San Diego, San Diego State University, Howard University, and Worcester Polytechnic Institute), four government or other granting agencies (the National Science Foundation, the Englekirk Advisory Board, the Charles Pankow Foundation, and the California Seismic Safety Commission), over 40 industry partners, and two oversight committees (http://bncs.ucsd.edu). Through the NSF-NEESR program, partial funding is provided by grant number CMMI-0936505. Support is also provided by NEES@UCSD and NEES@UCLA staff, Robert Bachman, Dr. Robert Englekirk, Mahmoud Faghihi, Dr. Philipp Grosser, Jahida Nadi, John Silva, and Professor Ken Walsh. This work would not be possible without the many hours of dedicated graduate student contributions, in particular, Consuelo Aranda, Michelle Chen, Hamed Ebrahimian, Elias Espino, Giovanni De Francesco, Jin-Kyung Kim, Steven Mintz (deceased), Yoshua Neuman, Elide Pantoli, Hae-Jun Park, and Francesco Selva. Specific to the elevator discussed in this paper, the authors appreciate the support of Schindler Elevator Corporation for providing the elevator and Hilti Corporation for supporting its anchor installations. The aforementioned continuous support is gratefully acknowledged. Opinions and findings of this study are of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsors. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0098-8847 EI 1096-9845 J9 EARTHQ ENG STRUCT D JI Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 46 IS 3 BP 391 EP 407 DI 10.1002/eqe.2793 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA EL9QX UT WOS:000394956200003 PM 28242957 ER PT J AU Morrison, GS Kaye, DH Balding, DJ Taylor, D Dawid, P Aitken, CGG Gittelson, S Zadora, G Robertson, B Willis, S Pope, S Neil, M Martire, KA Hepler, A Gill, RD Jamieson, A de Zoete, J Ostrum, RB Caliebe, A AF Morrison, Geoffrey Stewart Kaye, David H. Balding, David J. Taylor, Duncan Dawid, Philip Aitken, Colin G. G. Gittelson, Simone Zadora, Grzegorz Robertson, Bernard Willis, Sheila Pope, Susan Neil, Martin Martire, Kristy A. Hepler, Amanda Gill, Richard D. Jamieson, Allan de Zoete, Jacob Ostrum, R. Brent Caliebe, Amke TI A comment on the PCAST report: Skip the "match"/"non-match" stage SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Letter DE PCAST report; Forensic statistics; Match/non-match; Sensitivity False alarm; Likelihood ratio ID FORENSIC-SCIENCE AB This letter comments on the report "Forensic science in criminal courts: Ensuring scientific validity of feature-comparison methods" recently released by the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST). The report advocates a procedure for evaluation of forensic evidence that is a two-stage procedure in which the first stage is "match"/"non-match" and the second stage is empirical assessment of sensitivity (correct acceptance) and false alarm (false acceptance) rates. Almost always, quantitative data from feature-comparison methods are continuously-valued and have within-source variability. We explain why a two-stage procedure is not appropriate for this type of data, and recommend use of statistical procedures which are appropriate. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Morrison, Geoffrey Stewart] Independent Forens Consultant, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Morrison, Geoffrey Stewart] Univ Alberta, Dept Linguist, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Morrison, Geoffrey Stewart] Isaac Newton Inst Math Sci, Cambridge, England. [Kaye, David H.] Penn State Univ, Penn State Law, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kaye, David H.] Arizona State Univ, Coll Law, Tempe, AZ USA. [Kaye, David H.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. [Balding, David J.] Univ Melbourne, Ctr Syst Genom, Sch Biomed Sci, Stat Genet, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Balding, David J.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Math & Stat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Taylor, Duncan] Forens Sci South Australia, Forens Stat, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Taylor, Duncan] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Biol, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Dawid, Philip] Univ Cambridge, Dept Pure Math & Math Stat, Stat, Cambridge, England. [Aitken, Colin G. G.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Math, Forens Stat, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Gittelson, Simone] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zadora, Grzegorz] Inst Forens Res, Krakow, Poland. [Zadora, Grzegorz] Univ Silesia Katowice, Inst Chem, Chemometr Res Grp, Katowice, Poland. [Robertson, Bernard] Barrister, Wellington, New Zealand. [Willis, Sheila] Forens Sci Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. [Pope, Susan] DNA Principal Forens Ltd, Reading, Berks, England. [Neil, Martin] Queen Mary Univ London, Dept Comp Sci, Risk Assessment & Decis Anal Res Grp, Comp Sci & Stat, London, England. [Martire, Kristy A.] Univ New South Wales, Sch Psychol, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Hepler, Amanda] Innovat Decis Inc, Vienna, VA USA. [Gill, Richard D.] Leiden Univ, Dept Math, Math Probabil, Leiden, Netherlands. [Jamieson, Allan] Forens Inst, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [de Zoete, Jacob] Univ Amsterdam, Dept Math, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Ostrum, R. Brent] Canada Border Serv Agcy, Forens Document Examinat Sect, Sci & Engn Directorate, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Caliebe, Amke] Univ Kiel, Inst Med Informat & Stat, Kiel, Germany. RP Morrison, GS (reprint author), Independent Forens Consultant, Vancouver, BC, Canada.; Morrison, GS (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Linguist, Edmonton, AB, Canada.; Morrison, GS (reprint author), Isaac Newton Inst Math Sci, Cambridge, England. EM geoff-morrison@forensic-evaluation.net RI Morrison, Geoffrey Stewart/S-9013-2016 OI Morrison, Geoffrey Stewart/0000-0001-8608-8207 FU Simons Foundation; EPSRC [EP/K032208/1] FX This work was funded in-part by a fellowship awarded to Morrison by the Simons Foundation. Morrison, Balding, Dawid, Aitken, Robertson, Pope, Neil, Martire, Gill, Jamieson, de Zoete, and Caliebe would like to thank the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences for its hospitality during the program Probability and Statistics in Forensic Science which was supported by EPSRC Grant Number EP/K032208/1. All opinions expressed are those of the authors/signatories and do not necessarily represent the opinions or policies of any funding agencies or organizations with which they are affiliated. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 EI 1872-6283 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 272 BP E7 EP E9 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.10.018 PG 3 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA EM7PZ UT WOS:000395505900002 PM 27817943 ER PT J AU Kaylor, MJ Warren, DR Kiffney, PM AF Kaylor, Matthew J. Warren, Dana R. Kiffney, Peter M. TI Long-term effects of riparian forest harvest on light in Pacific Northwest (USA) streams SO FRESHWATER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stream light; stand development; forest succession; Douglas fir; canopy cover; H. J. Andrews ID COASTAL CUTTHROAT TROUT; LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BUFFER WIDTH; OLD-GROWTH; CLEAR-CUT; EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATION; ECOSYSTEM METABOLISM; HEADWATER STREAMS; MOUNTAIN STREAM AB Riparian forests exert strong influence on abiotic and biotic processes in adjacent streams by regulating light. Harvesting of riparian forests was once common practice, and consequently, many streamside forests across North America are in varying stages of development as they regenerate, thereby affecting stream light regimes. We used 2 approaches to evaluate the influence of riparian forest harvest and stand recovery on light availability in small mountain streams. We estimated light and canopy cover every 25 m along 11.5 km of a 4th-order stream network dominated by late-successional riparian forests that included 7 streamside harvest units 50 to 60 y old. Estimates of stream light fluxes were lower in harvest units than in up- and downstream sections bordered by old-growth forests even though only 1 stream bank was harvested in 5 of 7 units. Differences in stream light between harvested reaches and adjacent old-growth sections were greater when both banks had been logged. We also conducted a space-for-time analysis based on a literature review of Douglas fir-dominated forests of the US Pacific Northwest. Canopy closure generally occurred within 30 y of harvest and was followed by a period of maximum canopy cover (minimum light) that lasted from 30 to 100 y. Data were limited for stands ranging from 100 to 300 y old, but mean canopy openness and variability in openness along the stream were greater in late-successional forests (dominant canopy trees >300 y old) than in stands that were 30 to 100 y old (18 vs 8.7%), a result consistent with the network analysis. Overall results from our study suggest that streams with mid-successional riparian forests probably are in a period of minimal summer light fluxes. C1 [Kaylor, Matthew J.; Warren, Dana R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Warren, Dana R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kiffney, Peter M.] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Kaylor, MJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM matthew.kaylor@oregonstate.edu; dana.warren@oregonstate.edu; peter.kiffney@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [DEB 1547628, DEB 1440409]; US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; Oregon State University FX We thank Brian VerWey, Emily Heaston, Graham Takacs, Gavin Jones, and Lauren Still for their field sampling efforts. Comments from Michael Pollock, Ivan Arismendi, Jonathan Armstrong, and 2 anonymous referees substantially improved this manuscript. Results from this study were presented at the 2015 Society for Freshwater Science meeting by MJK, and an award for this presentation has covered publishing costs in FWS, which we greatly appreciate. Summer 2015 fieldwork was supported by National Science Foundation grant DEB 1547628 awarded to DRW. Facilities and logistical support at the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest were provided through funding from the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Program (DEB 1440409), the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and Oregon State University. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-9549 EI 2161-9565 J9 FRESHW SCI JI Freshw. Sci. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 36 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1086/690624 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EL5AJ UT WOS:000394633500001 ER PT J AU Matthiessen, P Ankley, GT Biever, RC Bjerregaard, P Borgert, C Brugger, K Blankinship, A Chambers, J Coady, KK Constantine, L Dang, Z Denslow, ND Dreier, DA Dungey, S Gray, LE Gross, M Guiney, PD Hecker, M Holbech, H Iguchi, T Kadlec, S Karouna-Renier, NK Katsiadaki, I Kawashima, Y Kloas, W Krueger, H Kumar, A Lagadic, L Leopold, A Levine, SL Maack, G Marty, S Meador, J Mihaich, E Odum, J Ortego, L Parrott, J Pickford, D Roberts, M Schaefers, C Schwarz, T Solomon, K Verslycke, T Weltje, L Wheeler, JR Williams, M Wolf, JC Yamazaki, K AF Matthiessen, Peter Ankley, Gerald T. Biever, Ronald C. Bjerregaard, Poul Borgert, Christopher Brugger, Kristin Blankinship, Amy Chambers, Janice Coady, Katherine K. Constantine, Lisa Dang, Zhichao Denslow, Nancy D. Dreier, David A. Dungey, Steve Gray, L. Earl Gross, Melanie Guiney, Patrick D. Hecker, Markus Holbech, Henrik Iguchi, Taisen Kadlec, Sarah Karouna-Renier, Natalie K. Katsiadaki, Ioanna Kawashima, Yukio Kloas, Werner Krueger, Henry Kumar, Anu Lagadic, Laurent Leopold, Annegaaike Levine, Steven L. Maack, Gerd Marty, Sue Meador, James Mihaich, Ellen Odum, Jenny Ortego, Lisa Parrott, Joanne Pickford, Daniel Roberts, Mike Schaefers, Christoph Schwarz, Tamar Solomon, Keith Verslycke, Tim Weltje, Lennart Wheeler, James R. Williams, Mike Wolf, Jeffrey C. Yamazaki, Kunihiko TI Recommended Approaches to the Scientific Evaluation of Ecotoxicological Hazards and Risks of Endocrine-Active Substances SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Endocrine disruptors; Ecotoxicological hazard assessment; Ecotoxicological risk assessment ID ADVERSE OUTCOME PATHWAYS; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; VITELLOGENIN PRODUCTION; FISH; RESPONSES; ETHYNYLESTRADIOL; THRESHOLDS; MECHANISMS; EXPOSURES AB A SETAC Pellston Workshop (R) Environmental Hazard and Risk Assessment Approaches for Endocrine-Active Substances (EHRA) was held in February 2016 in Pensacola, Florida, USA. The primary objective of the workshop was to provide advice, based on current scientific understanding, to regulators and policy makers; the aim being to make considered, informed decisions on whether to select an ecotoxicological hazard- or a risk-based approach for regulating a given endocrine-disrupting substance (EDS) under review. The workshop additionally considered recent developments in the identification of EDS. Case studies were undertaken on 6 endocrine-active substances (EAS-not necessarily proven EDS, but substances known to interact directly with the endocrine system) that are representative of a range of perturbations of the endocrine system and considered to be data rich in relevant information at multiple biological levels of organization for 1 or more ecologically relevant taxa. The substances selected were 17-ethinylestradiol, perchlorate, propiconazole, 17-trenbolone, tributyltin, and vinclozolin. The 6 case studies were not comprehensive safety evaluations but provided foundations for clarifying key issues and procedures that should be considered when assessing the ecotoxicological hazards and risks of EAS and EDS. The workshop also highlighted areas of scientific uncertainty, and made specific recommendations for research and methods-development to resolve some of the identified issues. The present paper provides broad guidance for scientists in regulatory authorities, industry, and academia on issues likely to arise during the ecotoxicological hazard and risk assessment of EAS and EDS. The primary conclusion of this paper, and of the SETAC Pellston Workshop on which it is based, is that if data on environmental exposure, effects on sensitive species and life-stages, delayed effects, and effects at low concentrations are robust, initiating environmental risk assessment of EDS is scientifically sound and sufficiently reliable and protective of the environment. In the absence of such data, assessment on the basis of hazard is scientifically justified until such time as relevant new information is available. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:267-279. (C) 2017 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC) C1 [Ankley, Gerald T.] US Environm Protect Agcy, Duluth, MN USA. [Biever, Ronald C.] Smithers Viscient Labs, Wareham, MA USA. [Bjerregaard, Poul; Holbech, Henrik] Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Biol, Odense, Denmark. [Borgert, Christopher] Applied Pharmacol & Toxicol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Borgert, Christopher] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, CEHT, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. [Brugger, Kristin] Stine Haskell Res Ctr, DuPont Crop Protect, Newark, NJ USA. [Blankinship, Amy] United States Environm Protect Agcy, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC USA. [Chambers, Janice] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Starkville, MS USA. [Coady, Katherine K.] Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol & Environm Res & Consulting, Midland, MI USA. [Constantine, Lisa] 1Pfizer, Groton, CT USA. [Dang, Zhichao] RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Denslow, Nancy D.] Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. [Dungey, Steve] Environm Agcy, Wallingford, Oxon, England. [Gray, L. Earl] US Environm Agcy, Reprod Toxicol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Gross, Melanie] WCA, Volunteer Way, Faringdon, England. [Guiney, Patrick D.] Univ Wisconsin, Mol & Environm Toxicol Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Hecker, Markus] Univ Saskatchewan, Toxicol Ctr & Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Iguchi, Taisen] Natl Inst Basic Biol, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan. [Kadlec, Sarah] Univ Minnesota, Integrated Biosciences Grad Program, Duluth, MN USA. [Karouna-Renier, Natalie K.] US Geol Survey Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Katsiadaki, Ioanna; Schwarz, Tamar] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Weymouth, Dorset, England. [Kawashima, Yukio] Japan NUS Co, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Kloas, Werner] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany. [Krueger, Henry] Wildlife Int, Easton, MD USA. [Kumar, Anu] CSIRO, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia. [Lagadic, Laurent] Bayer AG, Crop Sci Div, Environm Safety Ecotoxicol, Monheim, Germany. [Leopold, Annegaaike] Caldris Environm BV, Warnsveld, Netherlands. [Levine, Steven L.] Monsanto Co, Global Regulatory Sci, St Louis, MO USA. [Maack, Gerd] 2German Environm Agcy UBA, Dessau Rosslau, Germany. [Marty, Sue] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI USA. [Meador, James] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program, Seattle, WA USA. [Mihaich, Ellen] Environm & Regulatory Resources, Durham, NC USA. [Odum, Jenny] Regulatory Sci Associates, Binley Business Pk, Coventry, W Midlands, England. [Ortego, Lisa] Bayer CropSci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Parrott, Joanne] Water Sci & Technol Directorate, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada. [Pickford, Daniel] Jealotts Hill Int Res Ctr, Syngenta, Bracknell, Berks, England. [Schaefers, Christoph] Fraunhofer IME, Appl Ecol, Schmallenberg, Germany. [Solomon, Keith] Univ Guelph, Ctr Toxicol, Sch Environm Sci, Guelph, ON, Canada. [Verslycke, Tim] Gradient, Cambridge, MA USA. [Weltje, Lennart] BASF SE, Ecotoxicol, Rheinland Pfalz, Germany. [Wheeler, James R.] Dow AgroSci, Abingdon, Oxon, England. [Williams, Mike] CSIRO Land & Water, Waite Campus, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Wolf, Jeffrey C.] Expt Pathol Labs, Sterling, VA USA. [Yamazaki, Kunihiko] Minist Environm, Dept Environm Hlth, Tokyo, Japan. RP No Org, Llanwrtyd Wells, England. EM peter@matthiessen.freeserve.co.uk RI Williams, Mike/I-1724-2013 FU WCA Environment Ltd. FX Wegratefully acknowledge the SETAC North America staff, in particular Greg Schiefer and Nikki Mayo, who provided support to the steering committee and workshop participants before, during, and after the workshop. We appreciate the funding support from industry, government, and consultancy groups that made the workshop possible. In addition, we thank the groups from academia, industry, and government who supported participants' travel. Finally, we would like to give special thanks to WCA Environment Ltd. for their support in the literature search in preparation of the case studies. NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 13 IS 2 BP 267 EP 279 DI 10.1002/ieam.1885 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EM0MM UT WOS:000395012400005 PM 28127947 ER PT J AU Marty, MS Blankinship, A Chambers, J Constantine, L Kloas, W Kumar, A Lagadic, L Meador, J Pickford, D Schwarz, T Verslycke, T AF Marty, Mary S. Blankinship, Amy Chambers, Janice Constantine, Lisa Kloas, Werner Kumar, Anupama Lagadic, Laurent Meador, James Pickford, Daniel Schwarz, Tamar Verslycke, Tim TI Population-Relevant Endpoints in the Evaluation of Endocrine-Active Substances (EAS) for Ecotoxicological Hazard and Risk Assessment SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Population; Fish; Amphibian; Bird; Modeling ID ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; NUCELLA-LAPILLUS; SYNTHETIC ESTROGEN; FATHEAD MINNOW; NASSARIUS-RETICULATUS; REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION; PERCHLORATE EXPOSURE; ANTIFOULING PAINTS; TBT CONTAMINATION AB For ecotoxicological risk assessment, endocrine disruptors require the establishment of an endocrine mode of action (MoA) with a plausible link to a population-relevant adverse effect. Current ecotoxicity test methods incorporate mostly apical endpoints although some also include mechanistic endpoints, subcellular-through-organ level, which can help establish an endocrine MoA. However, the link between these endpoints and adverse population-level effects is often unclear. The case studies of endocrine-active substances (EAS) (tributyltin, ethinylestradiol, perchlorate, trenbolone, propiconazole, and vinclozolin) evaluated from the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Pellston Workshop (R) Ecotoxicological Hazard and Risk Assessment Approaches for Endocrine-Active Substances (EHRA)" were used to evaluate the population relevance of toxicity endpoints in various taxa according to regulatory endocrine-disruptor frameworks such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Conceptual Framework for Testing and Assessment of Endocrine Disruptors. A wide variety of potentially endocrine-relevant endpoints were identified for mollusks, fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals, although the strength of the relationship between test endpoints and population-level effects was often uncertain. Furthermore, testing alone is insufficient for assessing potential adaptation and recovery processes in exposed populations. For this purpose, models that link effects observed in laboratory tests to the dynamics of wildlife populations appear to be necessary, and their development requires reliable and robust data. As our understanding of endocrine perturbations and key event relationships improves, adverse population-level effects will be more easily and accurately predicted. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:317-330. (C) 2017 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC) C1 [Marty, Mary S.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Blankinship, Amy] US Environm Protect Agcy, Washington, DC USA. [Chambers, Janice] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Constantine, Lisa] Pfizer, New York, NY USA. [Kloas, Werner] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany. [Kumar, Anupama] CSIRO, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Lagadic, Laurent] Bayer AG CropSci Div, Monheim, Germany. [Meador, James] Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, WA USA. [Pickford, Daniel] Syngenta UK, Cambridge, England. [Schwarz, Tamar] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Weymouth, Dorset, England. [Verslycke, Tim] Gradient, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Marty, MS (reprint author), Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. EM msmarty@dow.com NR 87 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 13 IS 2 BP 317 EP 330 DI 10.1002/ieam.1887 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EM0MM UT WOS:000395012400009 PM 28052490 ER PT J AU Montagna, PA Baguley, JG Cooksey, C Hyland, JL AF Montagna, Paul A. Baguley, Jeffrey G. Cooksey, Cynthia Hyland, Jeffrey L. TI Persistent Impacts to the Deep Soft-Bottom Benthos One Year After the Deepwater Horizon Event SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Deep-sea infaunal benthos; Benthic macrofauna and meiofauna; Sediment quality; Oil-spill impacts; Gulf of Mexico ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CADIZ OIL-SPILL; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; METAZOAN MEIOFAUNA; SPECIES RICHNESS; SEA; DIVERSITY; CONSEQUENCES; ENVIRONMENTS; POLLUTION AB In fall 2010, several months after the Deepwater Horizon blowout was capped, zones of moderate and severe impacts to deep-sea, soft-bottom benthos were identified that together extended over an area of 172 km(2). A subset of stations sampled in 2010 was resampled in May and June 2011, 10 to 11 months after the event, to determine whether the identified adverse effects were persisting. The design compared 20 stations from the combined moderate and severe impact zone to 12 stations in the reference zone that were sampled in both years. There were no statistically significant differences in contaminant concentrations between the impact and nonimpact zones from 2010 to 2011, which indicates contaminants persisted after 1 y. Whereas there were some signs of recovery in 2011 (particularly for the meiofauna abundance and diversity), there was evidence of persistent, statistically significant impacts to both macrofauna and meiofauna community structure. Macrofaunal taxa richness and diversity in 2011 were still 22.8% and 35.9% less, respectively, in the entire impact zone than in the surrounding nonimpact area, and meiofaunal richness was 28.5% less in the entire impact zone than in the surrounding area. The persistence of significant biodiversity losses and community structure change nearly 1 y after the wellhead was capped indicates that full recovery had yet to have occurred in 2011. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:342-351. (C) 2016 SETAC C1 [Montagna, Paul A.] Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Harte Res Inst, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Baguley, Jeffrey G.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Cooksey, Cynthia; Hyland, Jeffrey L.] NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Charleston, SC USA. RP Montagna, PA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Harte Res Inst, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM paul.montagna@tamucc.edu FU British Petroleum (BP); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); NOAA's Office of Response and Restoration (ORR) [DG133C06NC1729, 1050-TAMUCC]; Industrial Economics (IE) [1050-UNR]; NOAA's Office of Response and Restoration (ORR) FX Sample collection on R/V Gyre and R/V Ocean Veritas during the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill response phase was funded by British Petroleum (BP) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Sample collection on the 2011 M/V Sarah Bordelon cruise, follow-up sample processing and data analysis, and production of this paper were funded in part under contract DG133C06NC1729 from NOAA's Office of Response and Restoration (ORR) via subcontract 1050-TAMUCC and 1050-UNR from Industrial Economics (IE), and through an internal transfer of funds from NOAA's Office of Response and Restoration (OR&R) to NOAA's National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), as part of the DWH Natural Resource Damage Assessment. The authors do not have any sources of conflict of interest or relationship, financial or otherwise, in the outcome of this research. This manuscript was subject to internal review, and the authors thank Christopher Lewis (IE), Rob Ricker (NOAA), Gwendolyn McCarthy (NOAA), and Philip Dixon (Idaho State University). NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 13 IS 2 BP 342 EP 351 DI 10.1002/ieam.1791 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA EM0MM UT WOS:000395012400011 PM 27144656 ER PT J AU Hedberg, TD Krima, S Camelio, JA AF Hedberg, Thomas D., Jr. Krima, Sylvere Camelio, Jaime A. TI Embedding X. 509 Digital Certificates in Three-Dimensional Models for Authentication, Authorization, and Traceability of Product Data SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE trustworthiness; authentication; authorization; product-data quality (PQD); model-based enterprise (MBE) ID MANAGEMENT; KNOWLEDGE AB Exchange and reuse of three-dimensional (3D) product models are hampered by the absence of trust in product-lifecycle data quality. The root cause of the missing trust is years of "silo" functions (e. g., engineering, manufacturing, and quality assurance) using independent and disconnected processes. Those disconnected processes result in data exchanges that do not contain all of the required information for each downstream lifecycle process, which inhibits the reuse of product data and results in duplicate data. The X. 509 standard, maintained by the Telecommunication Standardization Sector of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T), was first issued in 1988. Although originally intended as the authentication framework for the X. 500 series for electronic directory services, the X. 509 framework is used in a wide range of implementations outside the originally intended paradigm. These implementations range from encrypting websites to software-code signing, yet X. 509 certificate use has not widely penetrated engineering and product realms. Our approach is not trying to provide security mechanisms, but equally as important, our method aims to provide insight into what is happening with product data to support trusting the data. This paper provides a review of the use of X. 509 certificates and proposes a solution for embedding X. 509 digital certificates in 3D models for authentication, authorization, and traceability of product data. This paper also describes an application within the aerospace domain. Finally, the paper draws conclusions and provides recommendations for further research into using X. 509 certificates in product lifecycle management (PLM) workflows to enable a product lifecycle of trust. C1 [Hedberg, Thomas D., Jr.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krima, Sylvere] Engisis LLC, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Camelio, Jaime A.] Virginia Tech, Grado Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Hedberg, TD (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tdh1@nist.gov OI Hedberg Jr, Thomas/0000-0002-9024-2059 NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1530-9827 EI 1944-7078 J9 J COMPUT INF SCI ENG JI J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 17 IS 1 AR 011008 DI 10.1115/1.4034131 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA EM7PV UT WOS:000395505500009 ER PT J AU Shelton, AO Francis, TB Feist, BE Williams, GD Lindquist, A Levin, PS AF Shelton, Andrew O. Francis, Tessa B. Feist, Blake E. Williams, Gregory D. Lindquist, Adam Levin, Philip S. TI Forty years of seagrass population stability and resilience in an urbanizing estuary SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coastal development; eelgrass; Puget Sound; resilience; shoreline armouring; spatio-temporal models; urbanization; Zostera ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; CHESAPEAKE BAY; GLOBAL PATTERNS; COASTAL SEAS; NURSERY ROLE; PUGET-SOUND; FOOD-WEB AB Coasts and estuaries contain among the most productive and ecologically important habitats in the world and face intense pressure from current and projected human activities, including coastal development. Seagrasses are a key habitat feature in many estuaries perceived to be in widespread decline owing to human actions. We use spatio-temporal models and a 41-year time series from 100s of km of shoreline which includes over 160 000 observations from Puget Sound, Washington, USA, to examine multiscale trends and drivers of eelgrass (Zostera spp.) change in an urbanizing estuary. At whole estuary scale (100s of km), we find a stable and resilient eelgrass population despite a more than doubling of human population density and multiple major climactic stressors (e. g. ENSO events) over the period. However, the aggregate trend is not reflected at the site scale (10s of km), where some sites persistently increase while others decline. Site trends were spatially asynchronous; adjacent sites sometimes exhibited opposite trends over the same period. Substantial change in eelgrass occurred at the subsite (0 1 km) scale, including both complete local loss and dramatic increase of eelgrass. Metrics of local human development including shoreline armouring, upland development (imperviousness) and human density provide no explanatory power for eelgrass population change at any spatial scale. Our results suggest that the appropriate scale for understanding eelgrass change is smaller than typically assumed (approximately 1-to 3-km scale) and contrasts strongly with previous work. Synthesis. Despite ongoing conservation concern over seagrasses world-wide, eelgrass in Puget Sound has been highly resilient to both anthropogenic and environmental change over four decades. Our work provides general methods that can be applied to understand spatial and temporal scales of change and can be used to assess hypothesized drivers of change. C1 [Shelton, Andrew O.; Feist, Blake E.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Shelton, Andrew O.] Earth Resources Technol Inc, 14401 Sweitzer Lane Suite 300, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Francis, Tessa B.] Univ Washington, Puget Sound Inst, 326 East D St, Tacoma, WA 98421 USA. [Williams, Gregory D.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Lindquist, Adam] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 1111 Washington St SE, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Levin, Philip S.] Nature Conservancy, Washington Field Off, 74 Wall St, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. [Levin, Philip S.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Shelton, AO (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.; Shelton, AO (reprint author), Earth Resources Technol Inc, 14401 Sweitzer Lane Suite 300, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. EM ole.shelton@noaa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [00J30301-0] FX We thank the many WDFW staff and researchers who have contributed to the WDFW herring surveys over the years and especially K. Stick for his advice and help in understanding herring survey data. We thank B. Huebner, H. Moran, D. Annis and C. Robertson for help digitizing survey data. R. Thom, K. Stick and D. Lowry provided helpful comments on preliminary results. J. Gaeckle, B. Christiaen, J. Samhouri, K. Stick and D. Lowry improved earlier versions of this manuscript. This document has been funded wholly or in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under assistance agreement 00J30301-0 to the University of Washington. The contents of this document do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Environmental Protection Agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-0477 EI 1365-2745 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 105 IS 2 BP 458 EP 470 DI 10.1111/1365-2745.12682 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL4JH UT WOS:000394587000016 ER PT J AU Ekin, JW Cheggour, N Goodrich, L Splett, J AF Ekin, Jack W. Cheggour, Najib Goodrich, Loren Splett, Jolene TI Unified Scaling Law for flux pinning in practical superconductors: III. Minimum datasets, core parameters, and application of the Extrapolative Scaling Expression SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Unified Scaling Law; extrapolation; critical current; niobium-tin; superconducting wires; flux pinning; strain ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; STRAIN DEPENDENCE; NB3SN STRAND; TEMPERATURE; FIELD; MODEL AB In Part 2 of these articles, an extensive analysis of pinning-force curves and raw scaling data was used to derive the Extrapolative Scaling Expression (ESE). This is a parameterization of the Unified Scaling Law (USL) that has the extrapolation capability of fundamental unified scaling, coupled with the application ease of a simple fitting equation. Here in Part 3, the accuracy of the ESE relation to interpolate and extrapolate limited critical-current data to obtain complete I-c(B, T, epsilon) datasets is evaluated and compared with present fitting equations. Accuracy is analyzed in terms of root mean square (RMS) error and fractional deviation statistics. Highlights from 92 test cases are condensed and summarized, covering most fitting protocols and proposed parameterizations of the USL. The results show that ESE reliably extrapolates critical currents at fields B, temperatures T, and strains e that are remarkably different from the fitted minimum dataset. Depending on whether the conductor is moderate-J(c) or high-J(c), effective RMS extrapolation errors for ESE are in the range 2-5 A at 12 T, which approaches the I-c measurement error (1-2%). The minimum dataset for extrapolating full Ic(B,T,epsilon) characteristics is also determined from raw scaling data. It consists of one set of Ic(B,epsilon) data at a fixed temperature (e.g., liquid helium temperature), and one set of I-c(B,T) data at a fixed strain (e.g., zero applied strain). Error analysis of extrapolations from the minimum dataset with different fitting equations shows that ESE reduces the percentage extrapolation errors at individual data points at high fields, temperatures, and compressive strains down to 1/10th to 1/40th the size of those for extrapolations with present fitting equations. Depending on the conductor, percentage fitting errors for interpolations are also reduced to as little as 1/15th the size. The extrapolation accuracy of the ESE relation offers the prospect of straightforward implementation of the USL in several new areas: (l) A five-fold reduction in the measurement space for unified temperature-strain apparatuses through extrapolation of minimum datasets; (2) Combination of data from separate temperature and strain apparatuses, which provides flexibility and productive use of more limited data; and (3) Full conductor characterization from as little as a single I-c(B) curve when a few core parameters have been measured in a similar conductor. Default core scaling parameter values are also given, based on analysis of a wide range of practical Nb3Sn conductors. C1 [Ekin, Jack W.; Cheggour, Najib; Goodrich, Loren; Splett, Jolene] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cheggour, Najib; Goodrich, Loren] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ekin, JW (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jackekin1@gmail.com FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics [DE-AI02-04ER41343, DE-AI02-04ER41307, DE-SC0003709, DE-SC0010690]; ITER International Organization Agreement [4300000267]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [7285998] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics, Grants DE-AI02-04ER41343, DE-AI02-04ER41307, DE-SC0003709, DE-SC0010690, ITER International Organization Agreement No. 4300000267, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory subcontract No. 7285998. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 EI 1361-6668 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 30 IS 3 AR 033005 DI 10.1088/1361-6668/30/3/033005 PG 38 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA EN2XK UT WOS:000395873400001 ER PT J AU Pan, S Choi, Y Jeon, W Roy, A Westenbarger, DA Kim, HC AF Pan, Shuai Choi, Yunsoo Jeon, Wonbae Roy, Anirban Westenbarger, David A. Kim, Hyun Cheol TI Impact of high-resolution sea surface temperature, emission spikes and wind on simulated surface ozone in Houston, Texas during a high ozone episode SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE SST; Emission; Wind direction; CMAQ; Ozone nonattainment; Houston ID AIR-QUALITY; KOREAN PENINSULA; NOX EMISSIONS; AREA; URBAN; VOC; DISCREPANCIES; MECHANISM; CAMPAIGN; EVENTS AB Model-measurement comparisons for surface ozone often show significant error, which could be attributed to problems in meteorology and emissions fields. A WRF-SMOKE-CMAQ air quality modeling system was used to investigate the contributions of these inputs. In this space, a base WRF run (BASE) and a WRF run initializing with NOAA GOES satellite sea surface temperature (SST) (SENS) were performed to clarify the impact of high-resolution SST on simulated surface ozone (O-3) over the Greater Houston area during 25 September 2013, corresponding to the high O-3 episode during the NASA DISCOVER-AQ Texas campaign. The SENS case showed reduced land-sea thermal contrast during early morning hours due to 1-2 C lower SST over water bodies. The lowered SST reduced the model wind speed and slowed the dilution rate. These changes led to a simulated downwind O-3 change of-.5 ppb near the area over land with peak simulated afternoon O-3. However, the SENS case still under-predicted surface O-3 in urban and industrial areas. Episodic flare emissions, dry sunny postfrontal stagnated conditions, and land-bay/sea breeze transitions could be the potential causes of the high O-3. In order to investigate the additional sources of error, three sensitivity simulations were performed for the high ozone time period. These involved adjusted emissions, adjusted wind fields, and both adjusted emissions and winds. These scenarios were superimposed on the updated SST (SENS) case. Adjusting NOx and VOC emissions using simulated/observed ratios improved correlation and index of agreement (IOA) for NOx from 0.48 and 0.55 to 0.81 and 0.88 respectively, but still reported spatial misalignment of afternoon 03 hotspots. Adjusting wind fields to represent morning weak westerly winds and afternoon converging zone significantly mitigated under-estimation of the observed O-3 peak. For example, simulations with adjusted wind fields and adjusted (emissions + wind fields) reduced under-estimation of the peak magnitude of 100 ppb from 50 ppb to 7 and 9 ppb. Additionally, these sensitivity cases captured the timing and location of the observed O-3 hotspots. The simulation case with both adjusted emissions and wind fields showed the best statistics for NOx (correlation: 0.84; IOA: 0.90) and O-3 (correlation: 0.87; IOA: 0.92). These comparisons suggest that emissions and wind fields are important in determining the magnitude of high peaks, and wind direction is more critical in determining their timing and location. Particularly, improving the model capability to reproduce small-scale meteorological conditions favoring O-3 production, such as stagnation and wind reversal, is crucial for accurate placement of locations of peak O-3 and its precursors. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pan, Shuai; Choi, Yunsoo; Jeon, Wonbae; Roy, Anirban] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 312 Sci & Res Bldg 1, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Westenbarger, David A.] Texas Commiss Environm Qual, Austin, TX 78711 USA. [Kim, Hyun Cheol] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Kim, Hyun Cheol] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellite, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Choi, Y (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 312 Sci & Res Bldg 1, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM ychoi6@uh.edu OI Jeon, Wonbae/0000-0002-4898-7292 FU TCEQ project [582-15-54181-09] FX Authors acknowledge the free use of the NOAA GOES SST, NDBC buoy temperature and MADIS ACARS wind profiles data, NCEP NARR data, TCEQ CAMS in-situ meteorological and chemical species data, and NASA DISCOVER-AQ aircraft O3, NOy and HCHO data. Thanks to B.H. Baek for his helpful instructions on the setup of SMOKE emission modeling with NEI-2011. Also thanks are extended to Xiangshang Li, Xun Jiang, and Bernhard Rappengluck at the University of Houston for their helpful suggestions for this study. This work was partially supported by TCEQ project (No. 582-15-54181-09). The contents of the paper are the authors' sole responsibility. They do not represent the views of the TCEQ and NOAA or their staff. Finally, we appreciate the anonymous reviewers who helped improve quality of this paper greatly. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 152 BP 362 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.12.030 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EL1RZ UT WOS:000394400000033 ER PT J AU Reisinger, LS Elgin, AK Towle, KM Chan, DJ Lodge, DM AF Reisinger, Lindsey S. Elgin, Ashley K. Towle, Kevin M. Chan, David J. Lodge, David M. TI The influence of evolution and plasticity on the behavior of an invasive crayfish SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Invasive species; Feeding; Predation; Foraging rate; Antipredator behavior; Behavioral plasticity ID INCREASED COMPETITIVE ABILITY; ORCONECTES-RUSTICUS; RUSTY CRAYFISH; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; INTRODUCED POPULATIONS; SPECIES INVASIONS; NATURAL-SELECTION; LOCAL ADAPTATION; PREDATION; GROWTH AB Invasion success can be enhanced by evolution and behavioral plasticity, but the importance of these processes for most invasions is not well understood. Previous research suggests there is a genetic basis for differences in growth rate between native and invaded range rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus). We hypothesized that invaded range O. rusticus achieve faster growth by allocating more time to foraging and less to defense. We conducted a laboratory experiment to test the effects of range (native or invaded) and plasticity (as induced by exposure to predators) on crayfish behavior. We collected O. rusticus adults and eggs from both ranges, hatched eggs in the lab, and reared juveniles in common conditions either with or without predatory fish. We then quantified adult and juvenile crayfish activity in an experiment with and without predatory fish. In support of our hypothesis, invaded range adults displayed reduced antipredator behavior compared to native range adults. Further, invaded range juveniles were more active than native range juveniles without predators, but all juveniles were inactive with predators. In addition, invaded range juveniles had greater plasticity in behavior than native range juveniles. These results suggest that activity level in the absence of predators has diverged in the invaded range. Because active crayfish consume more prey, this change in behavior may be responsible for rapid growth in the invaded range of O. rusticus, a trait that contributes to the strong ecological impacts of this invasive crayfish. C1 [Reisinger, Lindsey S.; Elgin, Ashley K.; Towle, Kevin M.; Chan, David J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, 100 Galvin Life Sci Ctr, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Lodge, David M.] Univ Notre Dame, Environm Change Initiat, 100 Galvin Life Sci Ctr, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Lodge, David M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, 100 Galvin Life Sci Ctr, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Reisinger, Lindsey S.] Cent Michigan Univ, Inst Great Lakes Res, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Elgin, Ashley K.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Lodge, David M.] Cornell Univ, Atkinson Ctr Sustainable Future, 200 Rice Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lodge, David M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 200 Rice Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Reisinger, LS (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Inst Great Lakes Res, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. EM lsreisinger@gmail.com FU University of Notre Dame Environmental Research Center; National Science Foundation Grant [0504495] FX We would like to thank Tracy Arcella and Iris Petersen for help with crayfish collection and raising juveniles. We also appreciate helpful comments on the manuscript from two anonymous reviewers. We are grateful to the University of Wisconsin's Trout Lake Research Station for providing space for experiments. Funding for this research was provided by the University of Notre Dame Environmental Research Center and National Science Foundation Grant award #0504495 to the Global Linkages of Biology, Environment, and Society graduate training program at the University of Notre Dame. This is a publication of the Notre Dame Environmental Change Initiative and is Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory Contribution No. 1829. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD MAR PY 2017 VL 19 IS 3 BP 815 EP 830 DI 10.1007/s10530-016-1346-4 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK8CY UT WOS:000394152700007 ER PT J AU McClintock, BT London, JM Cameron, MF Boveng, PL AF McClintock, Brett T. London, Joshua M. Cameron, Michael F. Boveng, Peter L. TI Bridging the gaps in animal movement: hidden behaviors and ecological relationships revealed by integrated data streams SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE animal location data; bearded seal; hidden Markov; switching behavior; telemetry ID ACTIVITY BUDGETS; RANDOM-WALKS; MODELS; INFERENCE; PATTERNS AB Inferences about animal behavior from movement models typically rely solely on location data, but auxiliary biotelemetry and environmental data are powerful and readily available resources for incorporating much more behavioral realism. Integrating multiple data streams can not only reveal hidden behaviors and ecological relationships that would otherwise be difficult or impossible to infer from location data alone, but also facilitate more realistic path reconstruction that respects important ecological features while bridging the information gaps that commonly arise due to measurement error or missing data. Using the bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus), a benthic predator associated with Arctic sea ice, we demonstrate how integrating location, dive activity, land cover, bathymetry, and sea ice data in a unified modeling framework allowed us to identify novel behavior states, such as hauling out on seasonal sea ice and those associated with competing foraging strategies (i.e., benthic vs. mid-water prey). By utilizing multiple data streams, ecologists can move beyond conventional two-state models ("foraging" and "transit") and address more interesting hypotheses about activity budgets, resource selection, and many other areas of movement and behavioral ecology. The generality of our approach provides broad applicability to marine and terrestrial species, as well as many types of biotelemetry and environmental data. C1 [McClintock, Brett T.; London, Joshua M.; Cameron, Michael F.; Boveng, Peter L.] NOAA, Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP McClintock, BT (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM brett.mcclintock@noaa.gov FU Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Alaska Environmental Studies Program through Interagency [M07RG13317]; U.S. Department of Commerce; NOAA/NMFS; NMFS marine mammal research [782-1765-00, 15126]; IACUC [A/NW 2010-3] FX Bearded seal tagging was funded by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Alaska Environmental Studies Program through Interagency Agreement M07RG13317 with the U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA/NMFS, and conducted under NMFS marine mammal research permits 782-1765-00 and 15126 authorized under IACUC Number A/NW 2010-3. The data were collected in partnership with seal experts from the Alaska Native villages of Kotzebue, Wainwright, and Utkiagvik (Barrow). The findings and conclusions herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of NOAA/NMFS. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD MAR PY 2017 VL 8 IS 3 AR e01751 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1751 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EP0UO UT WOS:000397102400015 ER PT J AU Lowerre-Barbieri, S DeCelles, G Pepin, P Catalan, IA Muhling, B Erisman, B Cadrin, SX Alos, J Ospina-Alvarez, A Stachura, MM Tringali, MD Burnsed, SW Paris, CB AF Lowerre-Barbieri, Susan DeCelles, Greg Pepin, Pierre Catalan, Ignacio A. Muhling, Barbara Erisman, Brad Cadrin, Steven X. Alos, Josep Ospina-Alvarez, Andres Stachura, Megan M. Tringali, Michael D. Burnsed, Sarah Walters Paris, Claire B. TI Reproductive resilience: a paradigm shift in understanding spawner-recruit systems in exploited marine fish SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Dispersal; fisheries management; productivity; reproductive potential; resilience; spawner-recruit ID CORAL-REEF FISH; PRODUCTIVITY REGIME SHIFTS; SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; COD GADUS-MORHUA; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LARVAL DISPERSAL; STOCK ASSESSMENT; POPULATION CONNECTIVITY AB A close relationship between adult abundance and stock productivity may not exist for many marine fish stocks, resulting in concern that the management goal of maximum sustainable yield is either inefficient or risky. Although reproductive success is tightly coupled with adult abundance and fecundity in many terrestrial animals, in exploited marine fish where and when fish spawn and consequent dispersal dynamics may have a greater impact. Here, we propose an eco-evolutionary perspective, reproductive resilience, to understand connectivity and productivity in marine fish. Reproductive resilience is the capacity of a population to maintain the reproductive success needed to result in long-term population stability despite disturbances. A stock's reproductive resilience is driven by the underlying traits in its spawner-recruit system, selected for over evolutionary timescales, and the ecological context within which it is operating. Spawner-recruit systems are species specific, have both density-dependent and fitness feedback loops and are made up of fixed, behavioural and ecologically variable traits. They operate over multiple temporal, spatial and biological scales, with trait diversity affecting reproductive resilience at both the population and individual (i.e. portfolio) scales. Models of spawner-recruit systems fall within three categories: (i) two-dimensional models (i.e. spawner and recruit); (ii) process-based biophysical dispersal models which integrate physical and environmental processes into understanding recruitment; and (iii) complex spatially explicit integrated life cycle models. We review these models and their underlying assumptions about reproductive success vs. our emerging mechanistic understanding. We conclude with practical guidelines for integrating reproductive resilience into assessments of population connectivity and stock productivity. C1 [Lowerre-Barbieri, Susan; Tringali, Michael D.; Burnsed, Sarah Walters] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Florida Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 100 Eighth Ave SE, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Lowerre-Barbieri, Susan] Univ Florida, Fisheries & Aquat Sci Program, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, 7922 North West 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [DeCelles, Greg; Cadrin, Steven X.] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, 200 Mill Rd, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA. [DeCelles, Greg] Massachusetts Div Marine Fisheries, 1213 Purchase St, New Bedford, MA 02740 USA. [Pepin, Pierre] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Ctr, 80 White Hills Rd,POB 5667, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. [Catalan, Ignacio A.; Alos, Josep] Mediterranean Inst Adv Studies IMEDEA CSIC UIB, Dept Ecol & Marine Resources, C Miquel Marques 21, Esporles 07190, Balearic Island, Spain. [Muhling, Barbara] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Forrestal Campus,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Muhling, Barbara] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Erisman, Brad] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Marine Sci, 750 Channel View Dr, Austin, TX 78373 USA. [Alos, Josep] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Biol & Ecol Fishes, Muggelseedamm 310, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. [Ospina-Alvarez, Andres] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Millennium Nucleus Marine Conservat Ctr, ECIM, Dept Ecol,Fac Ciencias Biol, Casilla 193,Correo 22, Santiago 6513677, Chile. [Stachura, Megan M.] NOAA NMFS, Off Sustainable Fisheries, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Paris, Claire B.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Ocean Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Lowerre-Barbieri, S (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Florida Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 100 8th Ave SE St, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM barbieri@myfwc.com FU PEW; SCRFA; ICES; international AFS section FX We are grateful to PEW, SCRFA, ICES and the international AFS section for providing funding for international travel to attend the symposium, entitled, Reproductive Behavior and Recruitment in Marine Fish: Emerging Understanding and Future Needs, which was held at the American Fisheries Society meeting in Quebec, Canada, in 2014. We thank all participants in the symposium for helping to inform our understanding of spawner recruit systems. In addition, we thank Luiz Barbieri, Jeff Leis, Mike Sinclair and two anonymous reviewers for sharing their expertise and providing helpful reviews, which improved this paper. We especially thank Reviewer #1 for making us clarify the dreaded 'take home message'. Lastly, we thank each of our institutions for their financial support throughout this collaborative project. NR 238 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-2960 EI 1467-2979 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 18 IS 2 BP 285 EP 312 DI 10.1111/faf.12180 PG 28 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EP3QA UT WOS:000397295600007 ER PT J AU Sun, RY Matolak, DW AF Sun, Ruoyu Matolak, David W. TI Air-Ground Channel Characterization for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Part II: Hilly and Mountainous Settings SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Air-ground (AG) channel; delay spread; path loss; unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) AB The use of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) is expanding rapidly. For safe and reliable integration of UAS into the National Airspace System (NAS), control and nonpayload communication (CNPC) system requirements are being developed. The air-to-ground (AG) channel characteristics essentially determine CNPC link performance. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center has sponsored a comprehensive AG channel measurement campaign in 2013 in both the L-and C-bands recently allocated for UAS. These measurements covered nearly all typical ground site (GS) local environments, including over water, hilly, mountainous, suburb, and near urban. As a continuation of results reported for the over-water scenarios, a description of the measurement campaign, measured results, and complete AG channel models for hilly and mountainous terrains are provided in this paper. The path loss is modeled by a modified log-distance path loss model with a correction for flight direction; path loss results are close to those of free space. A strong ground reflection was observed only for some small portions of some of the flight paths. The small-scale fading is well modeled by the Ricean distribution with a K-factor of 29.4 dB in the C-band and 12.8 dB in the L-band. The interband signals are uncorrelated. The spatial correlation for the two intraband channels with an aircraft antenna separation of 1.8 m is greater than 0.85. The C-band root-mean-square delay spread (RMS-DS) is 10 ns most of the time, with a maximum of 1 mu s in hilly terrain and 180 ns in mountainous terrain. Tapped delay line (TDL) models accounting for the line of sight (LOS) and up to seven intermittent multipath components (MPCs) were developed, including the MPCs' probability of occurrence, relative power, phase, duration, and excess delay. C1 [Sun, Ruoyu] Univ South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Sun, Ruoyu] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Matolak, David W.] Univ South Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Sun, RY (reprint author), Univ South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.; Sun, RY (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ruoyu.sun@nist.gov; matolak@sc.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center [NNX12AR56G] FX This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center under Grant NNX12AR56G. The review of this paper was coordinated by Prof. T. Kuerner. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9545 EI 1939-9359 J9 IEEE T VEH TECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 66 IS 3 BP 1913 EP 1925 DI 10.1109/TVT.2016.2585504 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA EO0PW UT WOS:000396401400002 ER PT J AU Kong, HH Andersson, B Clavel, T Common, JE Jackson, SA Olson, ND Segre, JA Traidl-Hoffmann, C AF Kong, Heidi H. Andersson, Bjorn Clavel, Thomas common, John E. Jackson, Scott A. Olson, Nathan D. Segre, Julia A. Traidl-Hoffmann, Claudia TI Performing Skin Microbiome Research: A Method to the Madness SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Review ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; ANTIMICROBIAL DEFENSE; CUTANEOUS BACTERIAL; MINIMUM INFORMATION; FUNGAL POPULATIONS; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; SEQUENCING DATA; BODY HABITATS; DIVERSITY AB Growing interest in microbial contributions to human health and disease has increasingly led investigators to examine the microbiome in both healthy skin and cutaneous disorders, including acne, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis. The need for common language, effective study design, and validated methods is critical for high-quality standardized research. Features, unique to skin, pose particular challenges when conducting microbiome research. This review discusses microbiome research standards and highlights important factors to consider, including clinical study design, skin sampling, sample processing, DNA sequencing, control inclusion, and data analysis. C1 [Kong, Heidi H.] NCI, Dermatol Branch, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Andersson, Bjorn] Karolinska Inst, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Clavel, Thomas] Tech Univ Munich, ZIEL Inst Food & Hlth, Core Facil NGS Microbiome, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. [common, John E.] ASTAR, Inst Med Biol, Singapore, Singapore. [Jackson, Scott A.; Olson, Nathan D.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Segre, Julia A.] NHGRI, Translat & Funct Genom Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Traidl-Hoffmann, Claudia] Tech Univ Munich, UNIKA T, Inst Environm Med, Augsburg, Germany. [Traidl-Hoffmann, Claudia] Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Augsburg, Germany. [Traidl-Hoffmann, Claudia] Christine Kuhne Ctr Allergy Res & Educ, Davos, Switzerland. RP Kong, HH (reprint author), NCI, Dermatol Branch, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM konghe@mail.nih.gov OI Kong, Heidi/0000-0003-4424-064X; Clavel, Thomas/0000-0002-7229-5595; Traidl-Hoffmann, Claudia/0000-0001-5085-5179 NR 105 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-202X EI 1523-1747 J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 137 IS 3 BP 561 EP 568 DI 10.1016/j.jid.2016.10.033 PG 8 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA EL9IJ UT WOS:000394933600011 PM 28063650 ER PT J AU Markkanen, J Yuffa, AJ AF Markkanen, Johannes Yuffa, Alex J. TI Fast superposition T-matrix solution for clusters with arbitrarily-shaped constituent particles SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Electromagnetic scattering; Multiple scattering; T-matrix; Volume integral equation ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; REFERENCE DATABASE; MIE SCATTERING; EM WAVES; EQUATION; SPHERES; FORMULATION; DERIVATION AB A fast superposition T-matrix solution is formulated for electromagnetic scattering by a collection of arbitrarily-shaped inhomogeneous particles. The T-matrices for individual constituents are computed by expanding the Green's dyadic in the spherical vector wave functions and formulating a volume integral equation, where the equivalent electric current is the unknown and the spherical vector wave functions are treated as excitations. Furthermore, the volume integral equation and the superposition T-matrix are accelerated by the precorrected-FFT algorithm and the fast multipole algorithm, respectively. The approach allows for an efficient scattering analysis of the clusters and aggregates consisting of a large number of arbitrarily-shaped inhomogeneous particles. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Markkanen, Johannes] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, POB 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Yuffa, Alex J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Markkanen, J (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, POB 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM johannes.markkanen@helsinki.fi; alex.yuffa@nist.gov FU ERC Advanced Grant [320773] FX The research has been partially funded by ERC Advanced Grant No 320773 entitled "Scattering and Absorption of Electromagnetic Waves in Particulate Media" (SAEMPL). We acknowledge the CSC of the Finnish IT center for science, Finnish Ministry of Education, for computing resources. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 189 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.11.004 PG 8 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA EK6UJ UT WOS:000394060900018 ER PT J AU Zhu, HL Shen, F Luo, W Zhu, SZ Zhao, MH Natarajan, B Dai, JQ Zhou, LH Ji, XL Yassar, RS Li, T Hu, LB AF Zhu, Hongli Shen, Fei Luo, Wei Zhu, Shuze Zhao, Minhua Natarajan, Bharath Dai, Jiaqi Zhou, Lihui Ji, Xiulei Yassar, Reza S. Li, Teng Hu, Liangbing TI Low temperature carbonization of cellulose nanocrystals for high performance carbon anode of sodium-ion batteries SO NANO ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Cellulose nanocrystals; Hexagonal carbon; Carbon nanofiber; Sodium-ion battery; Molecular dynamic simulation ID ENERGY-STORAGE; LITHIUM; INSERTION; SUPERCAPACITORS; ELECTRONICS; NANOWIRES; FEATURES; FIBERS; METAL; FILMS AB Cellulose is the most abundant renewable material in nature. In this work, ordered cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have been transformed into porous carbon with an increased short-range ordered lattice and percolated carbon nanofiber at a relatively low carbonization temperature of 1000 degrees C. When evaluated as anode for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), the CNC derived porous carbon shows superior performances including a high reversible capacity of 340 mA h/g at a current density of 100 mA/g, which is one of the highest capacity carbon anodes for SIBs. Moreover, the rate capability and cycling stability of the porous carbon are also excellent. The excellent electrochemical performance is attributed to the larger interlayer spacing, porous structure, and high electrical conductivity arising from the ordered carbon lattice and the percolated carbon nanofiber. The formation of nano-sized graphitic carbon from the ordered CNC at the low carbonization temperature of 1000 degrees C is supported by both molecular dynamic simulations and as well as in-situ TEM measurements. This study shed light on the fundamental understanding of converting hydrocarbon biopolymer from wood to high quality carbon with a large domain of ordered lattice. C1 [Zhu, Hongli; Shen, Fei; Luo, Wei; Zhao, Minhua; Natarajan, Bharath; Dai, Jiaqi; Zhou, Lihui; Hu, Liangbing] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Luo, Wei; Zhu, Shuze; Li, Teng] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhao, Minhua; Natarajan, Bharath] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Natarajan, Bharath] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ji, Xiulei] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Yassar, Reza S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Hu, LB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM binghu@umd.edu FU Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES); U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DESC0001160] FX This work was also supported as part of the Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award number DESC0001160. We thank the support of the Maryland Nanocenter and its Fablab and Nisplab. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2211-2855 EI 2211-3282 J9 NANO ENERGY JI Nano Energy PD MAR PY 2017 VL 33 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.01.021 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EP3XE UT WOS:000397314200005 ER PT J AU Ryan Bellmore, J Duda, JJ Craig, LS Greene, SL Torgersen, CE Collins, MJ Vittum, K AF Ryan Bellmore, J. Duda, Jeffrey J. Craig, Laura S. Greene, Samantha L. Torgersen, Christian E. Collins, Mathias J. Vittum, Katherine TI Status and trends of dam removal research in the United States SO WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-WATER LA English DT Review ID ELWHA RIVER; DECISION-MAKING; BASE-LINE; RESTORATION; WISCONSIN; SCIENCE; CHANNEL; WASHINGTON; RESPONSES; IMPACTS AB Aging infrastructure coupled with growing interest in river restoration has driven a dramatic increase in the practice of dam removal. With this increase, there has been a proliferation of studies that assess the physical and ecological responses of rivers to these removals. As more dams are considered for removal, scientific information from these dam-removal studies will increasingly be called upon to inform decisions about whether, and how best, to bring down dams. This raises a critical question: what is the current state of dam-removal science in the United States? To explore the status, trends, and characteristics of dam-removal research in the U.S., we searched the scientific literature and extracted basic information from studies on dam removal. Our literature review illustrates that although over 1200 dams have been removed in the U.S., fewer than 10% have been scientifically evaluated, and most of these studies were short in duration (<4 years) and had limited ( 1-2 years) or no pre-removal monitoring. The majority of studies focused on hydrologic and geomorphic responses to removal rather than biological and water-quality responses, and few studies were published on linkages between physical and ecological components. Our review illustrates the need for long-term, multidisciplinary case studies, with robust study designs, in order to anticipate the effects of dam removal and inform future decision making. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Ryan Bellmore, J.] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, Juneau, AK 70124 USA. [Duda, Jeffrey J.; Vittum, Katherine] Western Fisheries Res Ctr, USGS, Seattle, WA USA. [Craig, Laura S.] Amer Rivers, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Greene, Samantha L.; Torgersen, Christian E.] Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, USGS, Seattle, WA USA. [Collins, Mathias J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Gloucester, MA USA. RP Ryan Bellmore, J (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, Juneau, AK 70124 USA. EM jbellmore@fs.fed.us OI Collins, Mathias/0000-0003-4238-2038 FU U.S. Geological Survey's John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis FX This article was produced with support from the U.S. Geological Survey's John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis. We thank Amy East, Chris Magirl, Jim Evans, Kathryn Ronnenberg, Stuart Lane and two anonymous reviewers for their feedback on this manuscript, as well as our fellow Powell Center working group participants for their insights about dam removal and the many discussions that sustained this project. We also thank Jill Baron and Leah Colasuonno for logistical support at the Powell Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government, the authors, or their affiliations. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2049-1948 J9 WIRES-WATER JI Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.-Water PD MAR-APR PY 2017 VL 4 IS 2 AR UNSP e1164 DI 10.1002/wat2.1164 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA EL8XT UT WOS:000394904400001 ER PT J AU Dai, S Zhang, SY Katz, MB Graham, GW Pan, XQ AF Dai, Sheng Zhang, Shuyi Katz, Michael B. Graham, George W. Pan, Xiaoqing TI In Situ Observation of Rh-CaTiO3 Catalysts during Reduction and Oxidation Treatments by Transmission Electron Microscopy SO ACS CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE catalyst self-regeneration; CaTiO3; Rh; in situ STEM; embedded nanoparticles ID AUTOMOTIVE-EMISSIONS CONTROL; RH; PD AB Scanning transmission electron microscopy of high-surface-area Rh-doped CaTiO3 powder, conducted near atmospheric pressure at elevated temperature (250-700 degrees C) by means of an electron-transparent gas cell with a sample heater, provides evidence for both cyclical precipitation dissolution of Rh nanoparticles in response to redox cycling of the ambient gas and sintering of the powder. C1 [Dai, Sheng; Zhang, Shuyi; Graham, George W.; Pan, Xiaoqing] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Zhang, Shuyi; Katz, Michael B.; Graham, George W.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Katz, Michael B.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pan, Xiaoqing] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Pan, XQ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.; Pan, XQ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM xiaoqinp@uci.edu OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0001-5787-0179 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-1159240, DMR-0723032]; UC Irvine Materials Research Institute (IMRI) FX We are grateful to M. Oljaca (Cabot Corporation), for providing the sample of Rh-CTO and to the National Science Foundation, for providing financial support through Grant Nos. CBET-1159240 and DMR-0723032. We thank UC Irvine Materials Research Institute (IMRI) for the support. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2155-5435 J9 ACS CATAL JI ACS Catal. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 7 IS 3 BP 1579 EP 1582 DI 10.1021/acscatal.6b03604 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA EN0UR UT WOS:000395726500008 ER PT J AU Van Tilburg, HK AF Van Tilburg, Hans K. TI Underwater Archaeology of a Pacific Battlefield: The WWII Battle of Saipan SO JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Book Review C1 [Van Tilburg, Hans K.] NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Van Tilburg, HK (reprint author), NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0091-7710 EI 2153-3806 J9 J ANTHROPOL RES JI J. Anthropol. Res. PD SPR PY 2017 VL 73 IS 1 BP 113 EP 115 PG 3 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA EM6TS UT WOS:000395445700016 ER PT J AU Woodworth-Jefcoats, PA Polovina, JJ Drazen, JC AF Woodworth-Jefcoats, Phoebe A. Polovina, Jeffrey J. Drazen, Jeffrey C. TI Climate change is projected to reduce carrying capacity and redistribute species richness in North Pacific pelagic marine ecosystems SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carrying capacity; climate change impacts; commercial fisheries; Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5; North Pacific; pelagic habitat; zooplankton ID FISH COMMUNITIES; OCEAN; CMIP5; MODEL; PRODUCTIVITY; SENSITIVITY; FISHERIES; PATTERNS; PREDATOR; IMPACTS AB Climate change is expected to impact all aspects of marine ecosystems, including fisheries. Here, we use output from a suite of 11 earth system models to examine projected changes in two ecosystem-defining variables: temperature and food availability. In particular, we examine projected changes in epipelagic temperature and, as a proxy for food availability, zooplankton density. We find that under RCP8.5, a high business-as-usual greenhouse gas scenario, increasing temperatures may alter the spatial distribution of tuna and billfish species richness across the North Pacific basin. Furthermore, warmer waters and declining zooplankton densities may act together to lower carrying capacity for commercially valuable fish by 2-5% per decade over the 21st century. These changes have the potential to significantly impact the magnitude, composition, and distribution of commercial fish catch across the pelagic North Pacific. Such changes will in turn ultimately impact commercial fisheries' economic value. Fishery managers should anticipate these climate impacts to ensure sustainable fishery yields and livelihoods. C1 [Woodworth-Jefcoats, Phoebe A.; Polovina, Jeffrey J.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Woodworth-Jefcoats, Phoebe A.; Drazen, Jeffrey C.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, 1000 Pope Rd,Marine Sci Bldg, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Woodworth-Jefcoats, PA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM Phoebe.Woodworth-Jefcoats@noaa.gov NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1000 EP 1008 DI 10.1111/gcb.13471 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EO6UZ UT WOS:000396829300005 PM 27545818 ER PT J AU Robinson, JPW Williams, ID Edwards, AM McPherson, J Yeager, L Vigliola, L Brainard, RE Baum, JK AF Robinson, James P. W. Williams, Ivor D. Edwards, Andrew M. McPherson, Jana Yeager, Lauren Vigliola, Laurent Brainard, Russell E. Baum, Julia K. TI Fishing degrades size structure of coral reef fish communities SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body size; community structure; coral reef fish; exploitation; fisheries; macroecology; overfishing; size spectra; size-based approaches ID ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; BODY-SIZE; FOOD WEBS; ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; TROPHIC STRUCTURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FISHERIES; BIOMASS; INDICATORS; DIVERSITY AB Fishing pressure on coral reef ecosystems has been frequently linked to reductions of large fishes and reef fish biomass. Associated impacts on overall community structure are, however, less clear. In size-structured aquatic ecosystems, fishing impacts are commonly quantified using size spectra, which describe the distribution of individual body sizes within a community. We examined the size spectra and biomass of coral reef fish communities at 38 US-affiliated Pacific islands that ranged in human presence from near pristine to human population centers. Size spectra 'steepened' steadily with increasing human population and proximity to market due to a reduction in the relative biomass of large fishes and an increase in the dominance of small fishes. Reef fish biomass was substantially lower on inhabited islands than uninhabited ones, even at inhabited islands with the lowest levels of human presence. We found that on populated islands size spectra exponents decreased (analogous to size spectra steepening) linearly with declining biomass, whereas on uninhabited islands there was no relationship. Size spectra were steeper in regions of low sea surface temperature but were insensitive to variation in other environmental and geomorphic covariates. In contrast, reef fish biomass was highly sensitive to oceanographic conditions, being influenced by both oceanic productivity and sea surface temperature. Our results suggest that community size structure may be a more robust indicator than fish biomass to increasing human presence and that size spectra are reliable indicators of exploitation impacts across regions of different fish community compositions, environmental drivers, and fisheries types. Size-based approaches that link directly to functional properties of fish communities, and are relatively insensitive to abiotic variation across biogeographic regions, offer great potential for developing our understanding of fishing impacts in coral reef ecosystems. C1 [Robinson, James P. W.; Edwards, Andrew M.; Baum, Julia K.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, POB 1700 Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [Williams, Ivor D.; Brainard, Russell E.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Program, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI USA. [Edwards, Andrew M.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [McPherson, Jana] Calgary Zool Soc, Ctr Conservat Res, 1300 Zoo Rd NE, Calgary, AB T2E 7V6, Canada. [McPherson, Jana] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC, Canada. [Yeager, Lauren] Natl Socioenvironm Synth Ctr, 1 Pk Pl Suite 300, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Vigliola, Laurent] IRD, UMR ENTROPIE, Lab Excellence LABEX CORAIL, BP A5, F-98848 Noumea, New Caledonia, France. RP Robinson, JPW (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, POB 1700 Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. EM jpwrobinson@gmail.com FU NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program; Leverhulme Trust; University of Victoria; NSERC; National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC) - National Science Foundation [DBI-1052875]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship in Ocean Science FX Data on coral reef fish communities were collected by the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center's Coral Reef Ecosystem Program. Funding for surveys and to support program operation was provided by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program (http://coralreef.noaa.gov). We thank the officers and crews of the NOAA Ships Hi'ialakai and Oscar Elton Sette, and the partner agencies that contributed to field data collection and provided permissions to work in local waters including: Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior, State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) Division of Fish and Wildlife, Coastal Resources Management Office, Division of Environmental Quality, Guam Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources, and American Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources. JPWR was supported by funding from The Leverhulme Trust and the University of Victoria, JMM was supported by an NSERC Postdoctoral Fellowship, LAY was supported by a National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC) postdoctoral fellowship funded by the National Science Foundation (DBI-1052875), and JKB acknowledges support from a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant and from an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship in Ocean Science. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments which greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 113 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1009 EP 1022 DI 10.1111/gcb.13482 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EO6UZ UT WOS:000396829300006 PM 27564866 ER PT J AU Okazaki, RR Towle, EK van Hooidonk, R Mor, C Winter, RN Piggot, AM Cunning, R Baker, AC Klaus, JS Swart, PK Langdon, C AF Okazaki, Remy R. Towle, Erica K. van Hooidonk, Ruben Mor, Carolina Winter, Rivah N. Piggot, Alan M. Cunning, Ross Baker, Andrew C. Klaus, James S. Swart, Peter K. Langdon, Chris TI Species-specific responses to climate change and community composition determine future calcification rates of Florida Keys reefs SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomineralization; calcification; climate change; coral reefs; dissolution; Florida Reef Tract; ocean acidification; precipitation; scleractinia; warming ID REGION-WIDE DECLINES; CORAL SIDERASTREA-SIDEREA; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; SATURATION STATE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ACROPORA-CERVICORNIS; PARTIAL-PRESSURE; PACIFIC REEF; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE AB Anthropogenic climate change compromises reef growth as a result of increasing temperatures and ocean acidification. Scleractinian corals vary in their sensitivity to these variables, suggesting species composition will influence how reef communities respond to future climate change. Because data are lacking for many species, most studies that model future reef growth rely on uniform scleractinian calcification sensitivities to temperature and ocean acidification. To address this knowledge gap, calcification of twelve common and understudied Caribbean coral species was measured for two months under crossed temperatures (27, 30.3 degrees C) and CO2 partial pressures (pCO(2)) ( 400, 900, 1300 latm). Mixed-effects models of calcification for each species were then used to project community-level scleractinian calcification using Florida Keys reef composition data and IPCC AR5 ensemble climate model data. Three of the four most abundant species, Orbicella faveolata, Montastraea cavernosa, and Porites astreoides, had negative calcification responses to both elevated temperature and pCO(2). In the business-as-usual CO2 emissions scenario, reefs with high abundances of these species had projected end-of-century declines in scleractinian calcification of >50% relative to present-day rates. Siderastrea siderea, the other most common species, was insensitive to both temperature and pCO(2) within the levels tested here. Reefs dominated by this species had the most stable end-of-century growth. Under more optimistic scenarios of reduced CO2 emissions, calcification rates throughout the Florida Keys declined <20% by 2100. Under the most extreme emissions scenario, projected declines were highly variable among reefs, ranging 10-100%. Without considering bleaching, reef growth will likely decline on most reefs, especially where resistant species like S. siderea are not already dominant. This study demonstrates how species composition influences reef community responses to climate change and how reduced CO2 emissions can limit future declines in reef calcification. C1 [Okazaki, Remy R.; Towle, Erica K.; Mor, Carolina; Winter, Rivah N.; Cunning, Ross; Baker, Andrew C.; Langdon, Chris] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Marine Biol & Ecol, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Okazaki, Remy R.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, 3737 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Okazaki, Remy R.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sandpoint Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [van Hooidonk, Ruben] NOAA, Ocean Chem & Ecosyst Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [van Hooidonk, Ruben] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Piggot, Alan M.; Swart, Peter K.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Marine Geosci, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Klaus, James S.] Univ Miami, Dept Geol Sci, 1320 S Dixie Hwy, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Okazaki, RR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Marine Biol & Ecol, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA.; Okazaki, RR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, 3737 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Okazaki, RR (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sandpoint Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM rokazaki@rsmas.miami.edu FU Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary; Keys Marine Lab; Naval Air Station Key West; UM Coral Futures Laboratory; UM Benthic Ecology Lab; Smithsonian Marine Station; UM Experimental Hatchery; Tom Capo; NOAA AOML OCED; UM Stable Isotope Lab; Herbert W. Hoover Foundation; RSMAS Alumni Award grant; UM Fellowship; National Science Foundation [OCE0550588] FX We thank volunteers from University of Miami (UM) (J. Alpert, C. Beggs, R. Carlton, J. Cossavella, J. Diaz, J. Schacher), MAST Academy High School (G. Chacon, K. DeLisser, A. Fuste, C. Gladieux, B. Guerrero, E. Espinales, S. Khemlani, F. Rodriguez), and the public (C. Gallo, J. Grimm) for their assistance. We thank the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, Keys Marine Lab, Naval Air Station Key West, UM Coral Futures Laboratory, UM Benthic Ecology Lab, Smithsonian Marine Station, Jay Fisch, Tom Capo, UM Experimental Hatchery, and NOAA AOML OCED for support. Research was conducted under permits from the National Park Service (EVER-2009-SCI-004), Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS-2011-064), and Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (SAL-11-1182A-SRP). The research was supported by the UM Stable Isotope Lab, Herbert W. Hoover Foundation travel award, and a RSMAS Alumni Award grant. RRO was supported by a UM Fellowship and National Science Foundation grant OCE0550588 to PKS and CL. PMEL contribution #4416. NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1023 EP 1035 DI 10.1111/gcb.13481 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EO6UZ UT WOS:000396829300007 PM 27561209 ER PT J AU Pahlevan, N Schott, JR Franz, BA Zibordi, G Markham, B Bailey, S Schaaf, CB Ondrusek, M Greb, S Strait, CM AF Pahlevan, Nima Schott, John R. Franz, Bryan A. Zibordi, Giuseppe Markham, Brian Bailey, Sean Schaaf, Crystal B. Ondrusek, Michael Greb, Steven Strait, Christopher M. TI Landsat 8 remote sensing reflectance (R-rs) products: Evaluations, intercomparisons, and enhancements SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Landsat 8; Aquatic science; Ocean color; Atmospheric correction; Calibration Coastal/inland ID AEROSOL OPTICAL-THICKNESS; WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; OCEAN COLOR SENSORS; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; MODIS DATA; CALIBRATION; RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM; SEAWIFS AB The Operational Land Imager (OLI) onboard Landsat-8 is generating high-quality aquatic science products, the most critical of which is the remote sensing reflectance (R-rs), defined as the ratio of water-leaving radiance to the total downwelling irradiance just above water. The quality of the R-rs products has not, however, been extensively assessed. This manuscript provides a comprehensive evaluation of Level-1B, i.e., top of atmosphere reflectance, and R-rs products available from OLI imagery under near-ideal atmospheric conditions in moderately turbid waters. The procedure includes a) evaluations of the R-rs products at sites included in the Ocean Color component of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET-OC), b) intercomparisons and cross-calibrations against other ocean color products, and c) optimizations of vicarious calibration gains across the entire OLI observing swath. Results indicate that the near-infrared and shortwave infrared (NIR-SWIR) band combinations yield the most robust and stable R-rs retrievals in moderately turbid waters. Intercomparisons against products derived from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer onboard the Aqua platform (MODISA) indicate slight across-track non-uniformities (<1%) associated with OLI scenes in the blue bands. In both product domains (TOA and R-rs), on average, the OLI products were found larger in radiometric responses in the blue channels. Following the implementation of updated vicarious calibration gains and accounting for across-track non-uniformities, matchup analyses using independent in-situ validation data confirmed improvements in R-rs products. These findings further support high-fidelity OLI-derived aquatic science products in terms of both demonstrating a robust atmospheric correction method and providing consistent products across OLI's imaging swath. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license C1 [Pahlevan, Nima; Franz, Bryan A.; Markham, Brian; Bailey, Sean] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pahlevan, Nima] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Schott, John R.] Rochester Inst Technol, 54 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Zibordi, Giuseppe] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Schaaf, Crystal B.] Univ Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Ondrusek, Michael] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, SOCD, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Greb, Steven] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 2801 Progress Rd, Madison, WI 53716 USA. [Strait, Christopher M.] Upstate Freshwater Inst, 224 Midler Pk Dr, Syracuse, NY 13206 USA. RP Pahlevan, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM nima.pahlevan@nasa.gov OI Bailey, Sean/0000-0001-8339-9763; Pahlevan, Nima/0000-0002-5454-5212 FU NASA [NNX16AI16G, NNX14AI73G, NNX14AQ18A]; USGS [G14AC00372, G11PS00422]; MIT SeaGrant [2015-R/RC-140] FX The authors would like to extend their gratitude to the Landsat Cal/Val team led by the USGS/NASA consortium. In particular, we thank James Storey (NASA GSFC) for providing the most up-to-date code to compute accurate OLI geometry files. Pahlevan is funded by the NASA grant # NNX16AI16G and the USGS grant # G14AC00372. Partial funding support was also provided by the MIT SeaGrant award #2015-R/RC-140. Schaaf is funded by NASA NNX14AI73G, NNX14AQ18A and the USGS grant # G11PS00422. We would like to also thank Eugene Fosnight with the USGS for the development of Landsat-8 matchup identification tool. We acknowledge the AERONET-OC data that was used in this study. This includes Hui Feng, Heidi M. Sosik, Alex Gilerson, Samir Ahmed, Alan Wideman, Burton Jones, Curtiss Davis, Alan Weidemann, Bill Gibson, Robert Arnone, Dimitry Van der Zande, and Susanne Kratzer. We also appreciate efforts made by Qingsong Song (for the n-SNO matchup search analysis) and Obaidul Haque (for implementation of the gains). NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2017 VL 190 BP 289 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2016.12.030 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EL1RS UT WOS:000394399300023 ER PT J AU Zhang, XY Wang, JM Gao, F Liu, Y Schaaf, C Friedl, M Yu, YY Jayavelu, S Gray, J Liu, LL Yan, D Henebry, GM AF Zhang, Xiaoyang Wang, Jianmin Gao, Feng Liu, Yan Schaaf, Crystal Friedl, Mark Yu, Yunyue Jayavelu, Senthilnath Gray, Joshua Liu, Lingling Yan, Dong Henebry, Geoffrey M. TI Exploration of scaling effects on coarse resolution land surface phenology SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Land Surface Phonology; Scaling Effects; Spatial Heterogeneity; VIIRS; OLI ID DECIDUOUS BROADLEAF FOREST; NDVI TIME-SERIES; NADIR REFLECTANCE PRODUCTS; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; ENHANCED VEGETATION INDEX; MODIS DATA; NORTH-AMERICA; OPERATIONAL BRDF; SATELLITE DATA; NEAR-SURFACE AB Numerous land surface phenology (LSP) datasets have been produced from various coarse resolution satellite data and different detection algorithms from regional to global scales. In contrast to field-observed phonological events that are defined by clearly evident organismal changes with biophysical meaning, current approaches to detecting transitions in LSP only determine the timing of variations in remotely sensed observations of surface greenness. Since activities to bridge LSP and field observations are challenging and limited, our understanding of the biophysical characteristics of LSP transitions is poor. Therefore, we set out to explore the scaling effects on LSP transitions at the nominal start of growing season (SOS) by comparing detections from coarse resolution data with those from finer resolution imagery. Specifically, using a hybrid piecewise-logistic-model-based LSP detection algorithm, we detected SOS in the agricultural core of the United States central Iowa at two scales: first, at a finer scale (30 m) using reflectance generated by fusing MODIS data with Landsat 8 OLI data (OLI SOS) and, second, at a coarser resolution of 500 m using Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) observations. The VIIRS SOS data were compared with OLI SOS that had been aggregated using a percentile approach at various degrees of heterogeneity. The results revealed the complexities of SOS detections and the scaling effects that are latent at the coarser resolution. Specifically, OLI SOS variation defined using standard deviation (SD) was as large as 40 days within a highly spatially heterogeneous VIIRS pixel; whereas, SD could be <10 days for a more homogeneous set of pixels. Furthermore, the VIIRS SOS detections equaled the OLI SOS (with an absolute difference less than one day) in >60% of OLI pixels within a homogeneous VIIRS pixel, but in <20% of OLI pixels within a spatially heterogeneous VIIRS pixel. Moreover, the SOS detections in a coarser resolution pixel reflected the timing at which vegetation greenup onset occurred in 30% of area, despite variation in SOS heterogeneities. This result suggests that (1) the SOS detections at coarser resolution are controlled more by the earlier SOS pixels at the finer resolution rather than by the later SOS pixels, and (2) it should be possible to well simulate the coarser SOS value by selecting the timing at 30th percentile SOS at the finer resolution. Finally, it was demonstrated that in homogeneous areas the VIIRS SOS was comparable with OLI SOS with an overall difference of <5 days. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Xiaoyang; Wang, Jianmin; Jayavelu, Senthilnath; Liu, Lingling; Yan, Dong; Henebry, Geoffrey M.] South Dakota State Univ, Geospatial Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Zhang, Xiaoyang] South Dakota State Univ, Dept Geog, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Gao, Feng] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Liu, Yan; Schaaf, Crystal] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Friedl, Mark; Gray, Joshua] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Yu, Yunyue] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Henebry, Geoffrey M.] South Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Zhang, XY (reprint author), South Dakota State Univ, Geospatial Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM xiaoyang.zhang@sdstate.edu OI Zhang, Xiaoyang/0000-0001-8456-0547; Wang, Jianmin/0000-0001-6739-9499 FU NASA [NNX15AB96A, NNX14AJ32G, NNX14AQ18A]; NOAA [JPSS_PGRR2_14] FX This work was supported in part by NASA contracts NNX15AB96A, NNX14AJ32G, and NNX14AQ18A and by NOAA contract JPSS_PGRR2_14. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2017 VL 190 BP 318 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2017.01.001 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EL1RS UT WOS:000394399300025 ER PT J AU Fiorello, CV Straub, MH Schwartz, LM Liu, J Campbell, A Kownacki, AK Foley, JE AF Fiorello, Christine V. Straub, Mary H. Schwartz, Laura M. Liu, James Campbell, Amanda Kownacki, Alexa K. Foley, Janet E. TI Multiple-host pathogens in domestic hunting dogs in Nicaragua's Bosawas Biosphere Reserve SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Article DE Canine distemper virus; Disease spillover; Dog health; Hunting dogs; Jaguars; Nicaragua ID CANINE-DISTEMPER VIRUS; FREE-RANGING FELIDS; COLLARED PECCARIES; LARGE CARNIVORES; 1ST EVIDENCE; LEPTOSPIROSIS; EXPOSURE; INFECTION; PARVOVIRUS; EHRLICHIA AB Nicaragua's Bosawas Biosphere Reserve is a vast forested area inhabited largely by indigenous Mayangna and Miskitu people. Most Bosawas residents rely on subsistence hunting and swidden agriculture, and hunting dogs are important for finding and securing wild game. We investigated the health of hunting dogs in three communities differing in location, size, and economy. Dogs in all communities were nutritionally compromised and experienced a heavy burden of disease. Seroprevalence of canine distemper, canine parvovirus, Rickettsia rickettsii, and Leptospira spp. exceeded 50% of dogs. At least one dog was actively shedding leptospires in urine, and many dogs were anemic and/or dehydrated. These dogs interact with wildlife in the forest and humans and domestic livestock in the communities, and may therefore serve as sources of zoonotic and wildlife diseases. Bosawas represents one of the largest intact tracts of habitat for jaguars (Panthera onca) in Central America, and given that these communities are located within the forest, jaguars may be at risk from disease spillover from hunting dogs. Dog owners reported that four of 49 dogs had been attacked and killed by jaguars in the past year, and that retaliatory killing of jaguars was sometimes practiced. Disease spillover from dogs to wildlife could occur both in the course of dogs' hunting activities as well as during jaguar attacks. A better understanding of dog depredation by jaguars, pathogen exposure in jaguars, and a management strategy for the hunting dog population, are urgently needed to mitigate these dual threats to jaguars, improve the lives of hunting dogs, and safeguard the health of their owners. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fiorello, Christine V.] One Hlth Inst, Davis, CA USA. [Straub, Mary H.; Kownacki, Alexa K.; Foley, Janet E.] Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA USA. [Schwartz, Laura M.; Liu, James; Campbell, Amanda] Univ Calif Davis, Vet Med Teaching Hosp, Sch Vet Med, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Liu, James] Turtle Conservancy, 49 Bleeker St,Ste 601, New York, NY 10012 USA. [Kownacki, Alexa K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci ence Ctr, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Fiorello, CV (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Hlth Inst 1, 1089 Vet Med Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cvfiorello@ucdavis.edu FU IDEXX Laboratories; Abaxis; Campbell Pet Company; UC Davis One Health Institute FX We thank U. Coleman, F. Diaz-Santos, O. Dixon, L. Faherty, C. Gonzales, F. Gonzales, G. Gonzales, L. Hull, J. Koster, S. Owens, P. Rodriguez, J. Saucier, B. Smith, K. Thomas, and S.J. Worth for field, technical, and logistic assistance. Two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by financial and in-kind contributions from IDEXX Laboratories, Abaxis, Campbell Pet Company, and the UC Davis One Health Institute. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X EI 1873-6254 J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 167 BP 183 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.12.020 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA EK6YD UT WOS:000394071300025 PM 28012903 ER PT J AU Lee, JSF Cook, MA Berejikian, BA Goetz, FW AF Lee, Jonathan S. F. Cook, Matthew A. Berejikian, Barry A. Goetz, Frederick W. TI Temporal changes in the suitability of claywater as a greenwater substitute for rearing larval sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Clay; Algae; Larvae; Turbidity; Feeding; Wall-nosing ID LIGHT-INTENSITY; SERIOLA-LALANDI; GADUS-MORHUA; FORAGING CUE; MARINE FISH; TURBIDITY; CULTURE; GROWTH; WATER; PHYTOPLANKTON AB For some species, marine aquaculture facilities increase turbidity to improve larval feeding, growth, and survival, typically by mixing algae with seawater to make "greenwater." Clay is a less expensive and inorganic potential algae substitute that has been shown to reduce bacterial levels relative to algae and promote equal or better growth and survival in some species. Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) is a prime candidate species for aquaculture but the rearing of sablefish larvae has not yet been experimentally tested with clay. This study tested whether clay is a viable algae substitute for rearing sablefish, and whether the relative performance of clay versus algae varies as a function of time. In the first week of larval rearing, algae (Nannochloropsis) produced more than three times greater survival than clay (Kentucky Ball Clay OM4). However, switching from algae to day at the beginning of the second week led to 1.5 times greater larval growth compared to tanks where algae was used in both weeks. The performance difference between clay and algae, despite equal turbidity, suggests that clay and algae have potentially harmful and beneficial effects in addition to turbidity effects, and that these effects change through time. However, because the first experiment was a replacement study, it was not possible to know whether algae produced better survival in week one because 1) clay, which might be harmful, was not present, 2) algae, which might be beneficial, was present, or 3) both. A further additive study was conducted to,test the second possibility. The experiment found that adding algae to clay in the first week of larval rearing leads to greater growth and survival, suggesting that algae has beneficial effects beyond turbidity. We discuss some possible mechanisms for potential harmful and beneficial effects of algae and clay. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lee, Jonathan S. F.; Cook, Matthew A.; Berejikian, Barry A.; Goetz, Frederick W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, 7305 Beach Dr E, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. RP Lee, JSF (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, 7305 Beach Dr E, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. EM Jon.Lee@noaa.gov; Matt.Cook@noaa.gov; Barry.Berejikian@noaa.gov; Rick.Goetz@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Office of Aquaculture; Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA14OAR4170078] FX We thank Megan Sorby for discussion and for suggesting that clay might be harmful early in larval rearing. Mike Rust and Ken Webb provided valuable suggestions on beneficial mechanisms of algae and harmful effects of clay. Linda Rhodes and Rachel Poretsky provided expertise on potential bacterial mechanisms. Lyle Britt advised on larval fish vision and tank setup. Jeff Atkins, Rob Endicott, Bill Fairgrieve, Doug Immerman, Andy Jasonwicz, Cort Jensen, Ken Massee, Sean Oden, Jose Reyes-Tomassini, and Tom Wade provided valuable help and advice with live feeds, maintenance, and general husbandry. Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Office of Aquaculture, and by a grant from Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington, pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award No. NA14OAR4170078. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or any of its sub-agencies. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAR 1 PY 2017 VL 470 BP 11 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.12.011 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EK8TQ UT WOS:000394197900002 ER PT J AU Taylor, D Curran, JM Buckleton, J AF Taylor, Duncan Curran, James M. Buckleton, John TI Importance sampling allows H-d true tests of highly discriminating DNA profiles SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE DNA profile; H-d true; Likelihood ratios; Performance tests; Importance sampling ID LIKELIHOOD RATIOS; MIXTURES AB H-d true testing is a way of assessing the performance of a model, or DNA profile interpretation system. These tests involve simulating DNA profiles of non-donors to a DNA mixture and calculating a likelihood ratio (LR) with one proposition postulating their contribution and the alternative postulating their noncontribution. Following Turing it is possible to predict that "The average LR for the H-d true tests should be one" [1]. This suggests a way of validating softwares. During discussions on the ISFG software validation guidelines [2] it was argued by some that this prediction had not been sufficiently examined experimentally to serve as a criterion for validation. More recently a high profile report [3] has emphasised large scale empirical examination. A limitation with H-d true tests, when non-donor profiles are generated at random (or in accordance with expectation from allele frequencies), is that the number of tests required depends on the discrimination power of the evidence profile. If the H-d true tests are to fully explore the genotype space that yields non-zero LRs then the number of simulations required could be in the 10 s of orders of magnitude (well outside practical computing limits). We describe here the use of importance sampling, which allows the simulation of rare events to occur more commonly than they would at random, and then adjusting for this bias at the end of the simulation in order to recover all diagnostic values of interest. Importance sampling, whilst having been employed by others for H-d true tests, is largely unknown in forensic genetics. We take time in this paper to explain how importance sampling works, the advantages of using it and its application to H-d true tests. We conclude by showing that employing an importance sampling scheme brings H-d true testing ability to all profiles, regardless of discrimination power. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Taylor, Duncan] Forens Sci South Australia, 21 Divett Pl, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. [Taylor, Duncan] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Taylor, Duncan; Buckleton, John] ESR, Private Bag 92021, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Curran, James M.] Univ Auckland, Dept Stat, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Buckleton, John] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8980 & 8314, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Taylor, D (reprint author), Forens Sci South Australia, 21 Divett Pl, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. EM Duncan.Taylor@sa.gov.au FU US National Institute of Justice [2011-DN-BX-K541] FX This work was supported in part by grant 2011-DN-BX-K541 from the US National Institute of Justice. Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. We acknowledge the comments of Catherine McGovern and two anonymous reviewers which have greatly improved this paper. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 27 BP 74 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.12.004 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA EN2DB UT WOS:000395818600008 PM 28012376 ER PT J AU Cheng, BS Komoroske, LM Grosholz, ED AF Cheng, Brian S. Komoroske, Lisa M. Grosholz, Edwin D. TI Trophic sensitivity of invasive predator and native prey interactions: integrating environmental context and climate change SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; invasion; predator-prey; salinity; thermal optima; thermal performance curve; thermal safety margin; warming tolerance ID PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; PRECIPITATION EXTREMES; FEEDING RATES; GLOBAL CHANGE; RESPONSES; OYSTER; PERFORMANCE; ECTOTHERMS; CALIFORNIA AB Climate change is predicted to intensify the impacts of invasive species by enhancing their performance relative to their native counterparts. However, few studies have compared the performance of invasive predators and native prey, despite the fact that non-native predators are well known to disrupt native communities. The trophic sensitivity hypothesis' suggests that predators are less tolerant of increasing environmental stress than their prey, whereas the tolerant invaders hypothesis' suggests that invaders are more tolerant than native species due to selection during the introduction process. It is therefore unclear how invasive predators will respond to increasing climate stressors. We coupled physiological measurements (thermal tolerance, thermal optima, salinity tolerance, predation rate) with environmental time-series data to assess the effects of warming and extreme low salinity events on non-native predators (gastropods) and native prey (oysters) from a coastal ecosystem. In general support of the trophic sensitivity hypothesis, we found that both non-native predators exhibited lower thermal optima relative to native prey, lower salinity tolerance and one predator was less tolerant of warming. However, because warming tolerance was extremely high (i.e. habitat temperature is 79-21 degrees C below thermal tolerance), near-term warming may first increase predator performance (consumption and growth rates), with negative effects on prey. Low salinity will likely produce heterogeneous effects on predator-prey interactions due to varying watershed sizes among estuaries that control the duration of low salinity events. The trophic sensitivity hypothesis may be a useful framework for understanding community responses to extreme climate change, which portends a decoupling of predator-prey interactions. However, we conclude that this hypothesis must be evaluated in environmental context and that coupling physiological metrics with insitu environmental data offers the best predictive power of near-term climate change impacts on invaded communities. Within our study system, warming is likely to intensify the impacts of both invasive predators, which may greatly reduce the abundance of the native oyster, a species of conservation and restoration focus. C1 [Cheng, Brian S.; Komoroske, Lisa M.; Grosholz, Edwin D.] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Cheng, Brian S.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, MarineGEO, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Komoroske, Lisa M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Komoroske, Lisa M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Res Council, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Grosholz, Edwin D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Cheng, BS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA.; Cheng, BS (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, MarineGEO, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM bscheng@gmail.com FU National Estuarine Research Reserve; National Park Service; Bodega Marine Laboratory; National Science Foundation [GK-12] FX We thank N. Fangue, E. Sanford, J. Stachowicz, R. Kordas and one anonymous reviewer for insightful comments on this manuscript. We thank J. Bible, J. Couture, S. Covello, K. Griffith, D. Hooper, C. Knight, H. Long, C. Norton, J. Newman, K. Menard, D. Hall and P. Smith for laboratory support. Funding was provided by the National Estuarine Research Reserve, National Park Service, Bodega Marine Laboratory and National Science Foundation GK-12. This is a contribution of the Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California at Davis. This work conforms to the legal requirements of the United States of America. Animals were collected under California Department of Fish and Wildlife Permit #SC-6054. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0269-8463 EI 1365-2435 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 31 IS 3 BP 642 EP 652 DI 10.1111/1365-2435.12759 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM5JH UT WOS:000395347300010 ER PT J AU Leyde, BP Klein, SA Nellis, GF Skye, H AF Leyde, Brian P. Klein, Sanford A. Nellis, Gregory F. Skye, Harrison TI Determination of vertical borehole and geological formation properties using the Crossed Contour Method SO GEOTHERMICS LA English DT Article DE Thermal response test; Ground property measurement; Parameter estimation; Ground thermal conductivity; Ground loop heat exchangers; TRNSYS optimization; Geothermal ID THERMAL RESPONSE TESTS; HEAT-PUMP SYSTEMS; PERFORMANCE; DESIGN AB This paper presents a new method called the Crossed Contour Method for determining the effective properties (borehole radius and ground thermal conductivity) of a vertical ground-coupled heat exchanger. The borehole radius is used as a proxy for the overall borehole thermal resistance. The method has been applied to both simulated and experimental borehole Thermal Response Test (TRT) data using the Duct Storage vertical ground heat exchanger model implemented in the TRansient SYstems Simulation software (TRNSYS). The Crossed Contour Method generates a parametric grid of simulated TRT data for different combinations of borehole radius and ground thermal conductivity in a series of time windows. The error between the average of the simulated and experimental bore field inlet and outlet temperatures is calculated for each set of borehole properties within each time window. Using these data, contours of the minimum error are constructed in the parameter space of borehole radius and ground thermal conductivity. When all of the minimum error contours for each time window are superimposed, the point where the contours cross (intersect) identifies the effective borehole properties for the model that most closely represents the experimental data in every time window and thus over the entire length of the experimental data set. The computed borehole properties are compared with results from existing model inversion methods including the Ground Property Measurement (GPM) software developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and the Line Source Model. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Leyde, Brian P.; Klein, Sanford A.; Nellis, Gregory F.] Univ Wisconsin, Solar Energy Lab, Mech Engn, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Skye, Harrison] NIST, Energy Lab, Div Energy & Environm, HVAC&R Equipment Performance Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nellis, GF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Solar Energy Lab, Mech Engn, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM gfnellis@engr.wisc.edu NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0375-6505 EI 1879-3576 J9 GEOTHERMICS JI Geothermics PD MAR PY 2017 VL 66 BP 174 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.geothermics.2016.12.007 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA EL1SZ UT WOS:000394402600016 ER PT J AU Shamblin, BM Dutton, PH Shaver, DJ Bagley, DA Putman, NF Mansfield, KL Ehrhart, LM Pena, LJ Nairn, CJ AF Shamblin, Brian M. Dutton, Peter H. Shaver, Donna J. Bagley, Dean A. Putman, Nathan F. Mansfield, Katherine L. Ehrhart, Llewellyn M. Pena, Luis Jaime Nairn, Campbell J. TI Mexican origins for the Texas green turtle foraging aggregation: A cautionary tale of incomplete baselines and poor marker resolution SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chelonia mydas; Stock structure; Tamaulipas; Mixed stock analysis; Migratory connectivity ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CHELONIA-MYDAS; SEA-TURTLES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; STOCK STRUCTURE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; LOOP CURRENT; COSTA-RICA; LOST YEARS; ATLANTIC AB The green turtle (Chelonia mydas) foraging aggregation along the Texas coast has increased dramatically in recent years, but the source populations for these turtles have not been adequately resolved. Previous mixed stock analysis (MSA) based on 490 base pair (bp) mitochondrial control region haplotypes suggested a large Florida contribution, but widespread sharing of common haplotypes among potential source populations and incomplete source population baseline data precluded precise assessment. To test the hypothesis that Texas turtles may represent proximal western Gulf of Mexico (GoM) nesting populations, we analyzed novel rookery samples from Rancho Nuevo, Tamaulipas, Mexico (RNMX) and conducted oceanic connectivity simulations. The RNMX samples yielded haplotypes CM-A1.1 and CM-A3.1 in frequencies not significantly different from those of the central eastern Florida nesting population. However, mitogenomic sequencing identified a diagnostic mitochondria( SNP (mtSNP) variant that is fixed in RNMX relative to the Florida CM-A1.1 lineage. Pairwise comparisons indicate that the Tamaulipas rookery represents a discrete population relative to those previously described in the northern Greater Caribbean, warranting recognition of a western GoM management unit (MU). Contrary to previous findings, the Florida populations were ruled out as major contributors to the Texas aggregation through screening of the mtSNP. Mixed stock analysis incorporating the mtSNP data suggested a western GoM origin for approximately 70% of the Texas foraging aggregation, with Quintana Roo contributing the majority of the remainder. Backtracking simulations within an ocean circulation model were broadly congruent with genetic results in indicating substantial probability of oceanic transport from Mexican rookeries to the Texas coast (68%) while also dismissing the possibility of transport from the eastern Florida rookeries (0%). The mixed stock analyses and backtracking simulations are consistent with previous hypotheses implicating oceanic dispersal followed by natal homing by neritic juveniles to explain juvenile green turtle distributions. In contrast to a pattern of stepping stone connectivity across the remaining northern Greater Caribbean, the Texas foraging aggregation was distinct from all others analyzed in the region, including one in the eastern GoM. This isolation highlights the significance of Texas as developmental habitat for the proposed western GoM MU and reiterates the importance of continued international cooperation to facilitate recovery of this stock. This study also underscores the importance of satisfying underlying assumptions of mixed stock analysis in order to make robust inferences of connectivity. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shamblin, Brian M.; Nairn, Campbell J.] Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Dutton, Peter H.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Shaver, Donna J.] Natl Pk Serv, Padre Isl Natl Seashore, Div Sea Turtle Sci & Recovery, Corpus Christi, TX 78480 USA. [Bagley, Dean A.; Mansfield, Katherine L.; Ehrhart, Llewellyn M.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, 4100 Libra Dr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Bagley, Dean A.; Mansfield, Katherine L.; Ehrhart, Llewellyn M.] Univ Cent Florida, Marine Turtle Res Grp, 4100 Libra Dr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Putman, Nathan F.] Univ Miami, Rosentiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Putman, Nathan F.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Pena, Luis Jaime] Gladys Porter Zoo, 500 Ringgold St, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. RP Shamblin, BM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM brian.shamblin@gmail.com; peter.dutton@noaa.gov; donna_shaver@nps.gov; dean.bagley@ucf.edu; Nathan.putman@gmail.com; kate.mansfield@ucf.edu; Imehrhart@earthlink.net; ridley@gpz.org; nairn@uga.edu FU Gulf Research Program of the National Academy of Sciences [2000006434]; NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory; U.S. Navy; Modeling and Simulation Coordination Office; Sea Turtle Grants Program [09-011R, 12-009R]; Florida Sea Turtle License Plate FX This work was conducted under state and federal permits to DJS, PHD, and LJP and state permits to LME, KLM, and CJN. We gratefully acknowledge the participants of the Sea Turtle Stranding and Salvage Network in Texas who documented and sampled the stranded turtles and to members of the US-Mexico binational Rancho Nuevo field crew, the Gladys Porter Zoo and SEMARNAT for facilitating collection of samples from Rancho Nuevo. Thanks to J.S. Walker for collating stranding size data and E. LaCasella for coordinating access to samples from Texas accessioned in the NOAA-Southwest Fisheries Science Center Marine Mammal and Turtle Molecular Research Sample Collection. We are grateful to Raul de Jesus Gonzalez Diaz Miron and the Red de Campamentos Tortugueros en el Estado de Veracruz for sharing unpublished nest counts. We thank J. Stiner, N. Desjardin, E. Martin, C. Johnson and D. Sobel for providing Florida green turtle nest samples for a previous project and the University of Central Florida Marine Turtle Research Group for collecting the new Melbourne Beach samples. Thanks to K. Kichler for contributing to an earlier version of the manuscript. NFP and KLM acknowledge support from the Gulf Research Program of the National Academy of Sciences under award number 2000006434. The content is the sole responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the views of the Gulf Research Program or the National Academy of Sciences. NFP acknowledges funding support from NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory. The 1/12 deg global HYCOM + NCODA Ocean Reanalysis was funded by the U.S. Navy and the Modeling and Simulation Coordination Office. Computer time was made available by the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. The output is publicly available at http://hycom.org. The rookery and foraging area map was produced using the Maptool at www.seaturtle.org. We thank three anonymous reviewers for improving the quality of the manuscript. This research was funded in part by grants awarded from the Sea Turtle Grants Program (09-011R and 12-009R). The Sea Turtle Grants Program is funded from proceeds from the sale of the Florida Sea Turtle License Plate. Learn more at www.helpingseaturtles.org. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.[SS] NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 488 BP 111 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2016.11.009 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EL1TI UT WOS:000394403500013 ER PT J AU Coughlin, ER Armitage, PJ Nixon, C Begelman, MC AF Coughlin, Eric R. Armitage, Philip J. Nixon, Chris Begelman, Mitchell C. TI Tidal disruption events from supermassive black hole binaries SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; hydrodynamics; galaxies: nuclei ID KOZAI-LIDOV MECHANISM; ACCRETION DISCS; MISALIGNED ACCRETION; STELLAR DISRUPTION; STAR DISTRIBUTION; COLLAPSED OBJECT; GALACTIC NUCLEI; UNBOUND DEBRIS; BOUND DEBRIS; EVOLUTION AB We investigate the pre-disruption gravitational dynamics and post-disruption hydrodynamics of the tidal disruption of stars by supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries. We focus on binaries with relatively low mass primaries (10(6) M-circle dot), moderate mass ratios, and separations with reasonably long gravitational wave inspiral times (tens of Myr). First, we generate a large ensemble (between 1 and 10 million) of restricted three-body integrations to quantify the statistical properties of tidal disruptions by circular SMBH binaries of initially unbound stars. Compared to the reference case of a disruption by a single SMBH, the binary potential induces a significant variance into the specific energy and angular momentum of the star at the point of disruption. Second, we use Newtonian numerical hydrodynamics to study the detailed evolution of the fallback debris from 120 disruptions randomly selected from the three-body ensemble (excluding only the most deeply penetrating encounters). We find that the overall morphology of the debris is greatly altered by the presence of the second black hole, and the accretion rate histories display a wide range of behaviours, including order of magnitude dips and excesses relative to control simulations that include only one black hole. Complex evolution typically persists for many orbital periods of the binary. We find evidence for power in the accretion curves on time-scales related to the binary orbital period, though there is no exact periodicity. We discuss our results in the context of future wide-field surveys, and comment on the prospects of identifying and characterizing the subset of events occurring in nuclei with binary SMBHs. C1 [Coughlin, Eric R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Coughlin, Eric R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Theoret Astrophys Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Coughlin, Eric R.; Armitage, Philip J.; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, UCB 440, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Coughlin, Eric R.; Armitage, Philip J.; Begelman, Mitchell C.] NIST, UCB 440, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Coughlin, Eric R.; Armitage, Philip J.; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, 391 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nixon, Chris] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RP Coughlin, ER (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Coughlin, ER (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Theoret Astrophys Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Coughlin, ER (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, UCB 440, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Coughlin, ER (reprint author), NIST, UCB 440, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Coughlin, ER (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, 391 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM eric_coughlin@berkeley.edu FU NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Program [PF6-170150]; NSF [AST 1313021, 1411879]; NASA [NNX14AB42G, NNX16AI40G]; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/M005917/1]; STFC Consolidated Grant; National Science Foundation [CNS-0821794]; University of Colorado Boulder FX We thank the referee, James Guillochon, for useful and insightful comments and suggestions. Support for this work was provided by NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Program, grant PF6-170150, NSF grants AST 1313021 and 1411879, and NASA grants NNX14AB42G and NNX16AI40G. CN was supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC; grant number ST/M005917/1). Research in theoretical astrophysics at Leicester is supported by an STFC Consolidated Grant. This work utilized the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (award number CNS-0821794) and the University of Colorado Boulder. The Janus supercomputer is a joint effort of the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 465 IS 4 BP 3840 EP 3864 DI 10.1093/mnras/stw2913 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EM2UC UT WOS:000395170200007 ER PT J AU Lin, MY Horowitz, LW Payton, R Fiore, AM Tonnesen, G AF Lin, Meiyun Horowitz, Larry W. Payton, Richard Fiore, Arlene M. Tonnesen, Gail TI US surface ozone trends and extremes from 1980 to 2014: quantifying the roles of rising Asian emissions, domestic controls, wildfires, and climate SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; LONG-TERM CHANGES; UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; SUMMERTIME OZONE; EAST-ASIA; SIGNIFICANT INCREASE; MIXING RATIOS; GLOBAL-MODELS AB US surface O-3 responds to varying global-toregional precursor emissions, climate, and extreme weather, with implications for designing effective air quality control policies. We examine these conjoined processes with observations and global chemistry-climate model (GFDL-AM3) hindcasts over 1980-2014. The model captures the salient features of observed trends in daily maximum 8 h average O-3: (1) increases over East Asia (up to 2 ppb yr(-1)), (2) springtime increases at western US (WUS) rural sites (0.2-0.5 ppb yr(-1)) with a baseline sampling approach, and (3) summertime decreases, largest at the 95th percentile, and wintertime increases in the 50th to 5th percentiles over the eastern US (EUS). Asian NOx emissions have tripled since 1990, contributing as much as 65% to modeled springtime background O-3 increases (0.3-0.5 ppb yr(-1)) over the WUS, outpacing O-3 decreases attained via 50% US NOx emission controls. Methane increases over this period contribute only 15% of the WUS background O-3 increase. Springtime O-3 observed in Denver has increased at a rate similar to remote rural sites. During summer, increasing Asian emissions approximately offset the benefits of US emission reductions, leading to weak or insignificant observed O-3 trends at WUS rural sites. Mean springtime WUS O-3 is projected to increase by similar to 10 ppb from 2010 to 2030 under the RCP8.5 global change scenario. While historical wildfire emissions can enhance summertime monthly mean O-3 at individual sites by 2-8 ppb, high temperatures and the associated buildup of O-3 produced from regional anthropogenic emissions contribute most to elevating observed summertime O-3 throughout the USA. GFDL-AM3 captures the observed interannual variability of summertime EUS O-3. However, O-3 deposition sink to vegetation must be reduced by 35% for the model to accurately simulate observed high-O-3 anomalies during the severe drought of 1988. Regional NOx reductions alleviated the O-3 buildup during the recent heat waves of 2011 and 2012 relative to earlier heat waves (e.g., 1988, 1999). The O-3 decreases driven by NOx controls were more pronounced in the southeastern US, where the seasonal onset of biogenic isoprene emissions and NOx -sensitive O-3 production occurs earlier than in the northeast. Without emission controls, the 95th percentile summertime O-3 in the EUS would have increased by 0.2-0.4 ppb yr(-1) over 1988-2014 due to more frequent hot extremes and rising biogenic isoprene emissions. C1 [Lin, Meiyun] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Lin, Meiyun; Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Payton, Richard; Tonnesen, Gail] US EPA, Air Program, Reg 8, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Lin, MY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.; Lin, MY (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM meiyun.lin@noaa.gov OI Lin, Meiyun/0000-0003-3852-3491 FU NASA [NNH13ZDA001N-AURAST, NNX14AR47G]; EPA Assistance Agreement [83587801] FX This work was supported by funding from NASA grants NNH13ZDA001N-AURAST and NNX14AR47G to Meiyun Lin. We thank O. Cooper, S. Fan and J. Schnell for helpful comments on the manuscript. We acknowledge the free use of ozonesonde data at Hong Kong available on www.woudc.org and GOME-SCIAMACHY tropospheric NO2 column data available on www.temis.nl. Arlene M. Fiore acknowledges support under EPA Assistance Agreement no. 83587801. The views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the agency. Meiyun Lin devotes this article to her father Tianci Lin, who is the motivation of her life and research career. NR 107 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2017 VL 17 IS 4 BP 2943 EP 2970 DI 10.5194/acp-17-2943-2017 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM2AI UT WOS:000395118400001 ER PT J AU Bryan, GH Worsnop, RP Lundquist, JK Zhang, JA AF Bryan, George H. Worsnop, Rochelle P. Lundquist, Julie K. Zhang, Jun A. TI A Simple Method for Simulating Wind Profiles in the Boundary Layer of Tropical Cyclones SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boundary-layer dynamics; Large-eddy simulation; Single-column modelling; Tropical cyclone ID LARGE-EDDY-SIMULATION; AXISYMMETRICAL NUMERICAL-MODEL; SEA INTERACTION THEORY; TURBULENT FLUXES; ROLL VORTICES; PARAMETRIC MODEL; PART I; HURRICANE; SCALES; VORTEX AB A method to simulate characteristics of wind speed in the boundary layer of tropical cyclones in an idealized manner is developed and evaluated. The method can be used in a single-column modelling set-up with a planetary boundary-layer parametrization, or within large-eddy simulations (LES). The key step is to include terms in the horizontal velocity equations representing advection and centrifugal acceleration in tropical cyclones that occurs on scales larger than the domain size. Compared to other recently developed methods, which require two input parameters (a reference wind speed, and radius from the centre of a tropical cyclone) this new method also requires a third input parameter: the radial gradient of reference wind speed. With the new method, simulated wind profiles are similar to composite profiles from dropsonde observations; in contrast, a classic Ekman-type method tends to overpredict inflow-layer depth and magnitude, and two recently developed methods for tropical cyclone environments tend to overpredict near-surface wind speed. When used in LES, the new technique produces vertical profiles of total turbulent stress and estimated eddy viscosity that are similar to values determined from low-level aircraft flights in tropical cyclones. Temporal spectra from LES produce an inertial subrange for frequencies 0.1 Hz, but only when the horizontal grid spacing 20 m. C1 [Bryan, George H.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Worsnop, Rochelle P.; Lundquist, Julie K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lundquist, Julie K.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Zhang, Jun A.] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. [Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP Bryan, GH (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM gbryan@ucar.edu RI Bryan, George/O-3849-2014 OI Bryan, George/0000-0002-2444-3039 FU National Science Foundation; NSF [DGE-1144083]; NOAA HFIP Grant [NA14NWS4680028] FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Rochelle Worsnop was supported by NSF Grant DGE-1144083. Jun Zhang was supported by NOAA HFIP Grant NA14NWS4680028. High-performance computing support was provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (Allocation Numbers NMMM0026 and UCUB0025 on Yellowstone, ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc). The authors thank Richard Rotunno and Peter Sullivan for their informal reviews of this manuscript, as well as Kerry Emanuel, Benjamin Green, Daniel Stern, and the anonymous reviewers. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 EI 1573-1472 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 162 IS 3 BP 475 EP 502 DI 10.1007/s10546-016-0207-0 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EK8NZ UT WOS:000394182000005 ER PT J AU Arkoosh, MR Van Gaest, AL Strickland, SA Hutchinson, GP Krupkin, AB Dietrich, JP AF Arkoosh, Mary R. Van Gaest, Ahna L. Strickland, Stacy A. Hutchinson, Greg P. Krupkin, Alex B. Dietrich, Joseph P. TI Alteration of thyroid hormone concentrations in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exposed to polybrominated diphenyl ethers, BDE-47 and BDE-99 SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE PBDE; Chinook salmon; Thyroid hormones; T3, T4; Endocrine disruption ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; DIETARY EXPOSURE; FATHEAD MINNOWS; COLUMBIA RIVER; PBDES; FISH; TRANSTHYRETIN; ZEBRAFISH AB Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been used as flame-retardants in consumer products and are currently detected in salmon globally. The two most predominant PBDE congeners found in salmon are BDE-47 (2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether) and BDE-99 (2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether). In the present study, groups of juvenile Pacific Chinook salmon were fed five environmentally relevant concentrations of either BDE-47 (0.3-552 ng total PBDEs/g food), BDE-99 (0.3-580 ng total PBDEs/g food), or nearly equal mixtures of both congeners (0.7-690 ng total PBDEs/g food) for 39-40 days. The concentrations of circulating total thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T-4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T-3), were measured using a hormone-specific time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay to determine if PBDE exposure disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid endocrine axis. The concentrations of both circulating T-4 and T-3 were altered in juvenile salmon by dietary uptake of BDE-99. Exposure to BDE-47 did not alter either T-3 or T-4 circulating hormone concentrations. However, exposure to a mixture of BDE-47 and BDE-99 reduced T-3 in fish with lower concentrations of total whole body PBDEs than with either congener alone at equivalent PBDE whole body concentrations. Accordingly, the disruption of PBDEs on circulating thyroid hormone concentrations has the potential to impact a number of critical functions in juvenile salmon including growth, parr-smolt transformation, and immunological processes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Arkoosh, Mary R.; Dietrich, Joseph P.] NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2032 South East OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Van Gaest, Ahna L.; Strickland, Stacy A.; Hutchinson, Greg P.; Krupkin, Alex B.] NOAA, Frank Orth & Associates, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2032 South East OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Arkoosh, MR (reprint author), NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2032 South East OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM mary.arkoosh@noaa.gov FU NOAA; US EPA, Region 10, Puget Sound Science and Technical Studies Assistance Program [EPA-R10-PS-1004, 13-923270-01] FX Funds for this work were provided by NOAA and US EPA, Region 10, Puget Sound Science and Technical Studies Assistance Program; EPA-R10-PS-1004, Federal Grant No. 13-923270-01. We thank Dr. Andrew Dittman from NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center for determining the concentrations of total T3 and T4 in the plasma samples. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 2017 VL 171 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.035 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK4XL UT WOS:000393931100001 PM 28006665 ER PT J AU Favreau, P Poncioni-Rothlisberger, C Place, BJ Bouchex-Bellomie, H Weber, A Tremp, J Field, JA Kohler, M AF Favreau, Philippe Poncioni-Rothlisberger, Chantal Place, Benjamin J. Bouchex-Bellomie, Harold Weber, Andreas Tremp, Josef Field, Jennifer A. Kohler, Marcel TI Multianalyte profiling of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in liquid commercial products SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs); Consumer products; Aqueous fire-fighting foams (AFFFs); Human exposure ID PERFLUORINATED ACIDS; PERFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES; POLYFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; CONSUMER PRODUCTS; HUMAN EXPOSURE; FATE; PERFLUOROOCTANOATE; BIODEGRADATION; TRANSPORT; PATHWAYS AB The chemical properties of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) make them widespread for use in a number of industrial and commercial products to confer water and oil-repellency characteristics and to reduce surface tension e.g. in aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs). Some PFASs, especially perfluoroctane sulfonate, and several perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, are known to cause significant human and environmental negative impact. Our knowledge on the content of PFASs in products remains scarce due to limited information available, thus impeding any precise assessment of human exposure and environmental release upon use. This study aimed at analyzing a wide variety of liquid products (n = 194) likely to contain PFASs, including impregnating agents, lubricants, cleansers, polishes, AFFFs and other industrial products. By means of LC- and GC-MS/MS analytical techniques, 24 PFASs (from 41 targeted PFASs) were detected and quantified in 55% of samples. PFAS quantification and profiling was found to be consumer product specific. PFASs were mostly detected in AFFF (90%) and impregnating agents (60%) with mainly ionic and neutral species, respectively. In particular, the fluorotelomer alcohols 6:2, 8:2 and 10:2 FTOHs were detected in 40-50% of impregnating agents. Further investigation by Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry (FAB-MS) on a set of AFFF samples allowed the characterization of 8 different PFAS classes as major components in these formulations. Results demonstrated that numerous and diversified PFAS are currently used in specific commercial products, implying significant human exposure and environmental release that necessitate further research concerning their toxicological impact. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Favreau, Philippe; Poncioni-Rothlisberger, Chantal; Kohler, Marcel] Serv Toxicol Bldg Environm, Gen Direct Environm, Dept Environm Transport & Agr, CH-1211 Geneva 8, Switzerland. [Place, Benjamin J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Gilbert Hall 153, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Field, Jennifer A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bouchex-Bellomie, Harold; Weber, Andreas; Tremp, Josef] Swiss Fed Off Environm FOEN, Air Pollut Control & Chem Div, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. [Place, Benjamin J.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Favreau, P (reprint author), Serv Toxicol Bldg Environm, Gen Direct Environm, Dept Environm Transport & Agr, CH-1211 Geneva 8, Switzerland. EM philippe.favreau@etat.ge.ch NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 2017 VL 171 BP 491 EP 501 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.127 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK4XL UT WOS:000393931100057 PM 28038421 ER PT J AU Jiang, LD Wang, MH AF Jiang, Lide Wang, Menghua TI Diurnal Currents in the Bohai Sea Derived From the Korean Geostationary Ocean Color Imager SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Feature tracking; Korean Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI); ocean color remote sensing; ocean current ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; EAST CHINA SEA; SURFACE CURRENTS; INFRARED BANDS; COASTAL OCEAN; INVERSE MODEL; SEAWIFS; REFLECTANCE; PRODUCTS; GOCI AB Hourly measurements during 9: 00 to 16: 00 local time are a unique capability of the Korean Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) in monitoring fast-evolving ocean features. In this paper, we derive ocean surface currents in the Bohai Sea from GOCI data using the maximum cross correlation (MCC) feature tracking method and compare the results with altimetryinver-sed tidal currents produced from the Oregon State Univer-sity Tidal Inversion Software (OTIS) after the latter is validated using in situ measurements. The performance of the GOCI-based MCC method is assessed and the discrepancies between the GOCI and OTIS currents are evaluated through a series of sensitivity studies, including studies of different ocean color products, MCC and filter parameters, and time interval between image pairs, in order to find the best setups for optimal MCC performance. Our results show that a box size of 10-15 km and a search range of 4-8 km for every 1 h of time difference, combined with subsequent filters that use the cutoff correlation coefficient of 0.5 and 3 or 4 neighbors within 15 cm/s difference, gives optimal results. Under these setups, the bias errors of GOCIderived current maps are about 8 cm/s for current vectors and 3 degrees for current directions, respectively. The noise errors are about 20 cm/s in current velocity and 20 degrees in current direction with correlation coefficients of similar to 0.75 and similar to 0.9 for the current velocity and current direction, respectively. These findings are useful in developing an hourly surface current product from GOCI measurements for the Bohai Sea. C1 [Jiang, Lide; Wang, Menghua] NOAA Natl Environm Satellite, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Jiang, Lide] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA Natl Environm Satellite, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM menghua.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2017 VL 55 IS 3 BP 1437 EP 1450 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2624220 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EN6IC UT WOS:000396106700018 ER PT J AU Hwang, Y Yu, TY Lakshmanan, V Kingfield, DM Lee, DI You, CH AF Hwang, Yunsung Yu, Tian-You Lakshmanan, Valliappa Kingfield, Darrel M. Lee, Dong-In You, Cheol-Hwan TI Neuro-Fuzzy Gust Front Detection Algorithm With S-Band Polarimetric Radar SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Fuzzy logic; fuzzy neural networks (NNs); polarimetric radar ID DOPPLER RADAR; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WEATHER RADAR; CLASSIFICATION; SYSTEM; INSECTS; WSR-88D AB A gust front (GF) is the leading edge of the cold outflow from a thunderstorm. The upgrade of the S-band Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) to dual-polarization has been completed recently in the U.S. Therefore, it is timely to exploit the added benefits of polarimetric variables to identify GFs. In this paper, six signatures derived from polarimetric WSR-88D data are developed to characterize GFs, including medium reflectivity, apparent thin line feature in reflectivity, and the motion of reflectivity quantified by a line feature parameter, high differential reflectivity, low copolar cross-correlation coefficient, apparent convergence manifested by the large radial shear, and large standard deviation of differential phase. These signatures are fuzzy in nature, and therefore, a novel neuro-fuzzy GF detection algorithm (NFGDA) is developed using a fuzzy logic inference system, which is optimized by a training process using a neural network. WSR-88D data from 11 cases (totaling 121 volume scans) are used to evaluate the performance of NFGDA and compared to the operational machine intelligent GF algorithm (MIGFA) with single polarization data. The results show that NFGDA can provide improved performance with a higher probability of detection of 92% (versus 78% with MIGFA), lower false alarm ratio of 0% (versus 9%), and higher percentage correct of 93% (versus 74%). Additional length-based scoring schemes show that NFGDA can correctly detect 62% (41% with MIGFA) of the total length of GFs, and minimize falsely detected length to 7% (61%). C1 [Hwang, Yunsung] Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Environm Atmospher Sci, Busan 608737, South Korea. [Yu, Tian-You] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Yu, Tian-You] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Lakshmanan, Valliappa] Google Inc, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Kingfield, Darrel M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Kingfield, Darrel M.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Lee, Dong-In] Pukyong Natl Univ, Atmospher Environm Res Inst, Dept Environm Atmospher Sci, Busan 608737, South Korea. [You, Cheol-Hwan] Pukyong Natl Univ, Atmospher Environm Res Inst, Busan 608737, South Korea. RP You, CH (reprint author), Pukyong Natl Univ, Atmospher Environm Res Inst, Busan 608737, South Korea. EM hisnameys@gmail.com; tyu@ou.edu; lak@vlakshman.com; darrel.kingfield@noaa.gov; leedi@pknu.ac.kr; youch@pknu.ac.kr FU Korea Meteorological Industry Promotion Agency [KMIPA 2015-5060, KMIPA 2015-1050] FX The work of Y. Hwang, D.-I. Lee, and C.-H. You was supported by the Korea Meteorological Industry Promotion Agency under Grants KMIPA 2015-5060 and KMIPA 2015-1050. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2017 VL 55 IS 3 BP 1618 EP 1628 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2628520 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EN6IC UT WOS:000396106700032 ER PT J AU Wang, WS Yang, XF Li, XF Chen, KS Liu, GH Li, ZW Gade, M AF Wang, Wensheng Yang, Xiaofeng Li, Xiaofeng Chen, Kunshan Liu, Guihong Li, Ziwei Gade, Martin TI A Fully Polarimetric SAR Imagery Classification Scheme for Mud and Sand Flats in Intertidal Zones SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Double bounce eigenvalue relative difference (DERD); intertidal zones; mudflats; polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR); random forest (RF) theory; sand flats ID RANDOM FOREST CLASSIFICATION; UNSUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION; WISHART CLASSIFIER; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; C-BAND; MULTIFREQUENCY; RADARSAT-2; MODEL; ACCURACY; WETLANDS AB Sediments on exposed intertidal flats are very dynamic and perform vital ecosystem functions. This paper proposes a new classification scheme for mud and sand flats on intertidal flats using fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. Freeman-Durden (FD) and Cloude-Pottier (CP) polarimetric decomposition components as well as double bounce eigenvalue relative difference (DERD) are introduced into the feature sets instead of the original intensity polarimetric channels. Classification is carried out using the random forest (RF) theory, and the results are evaluated using confusion matrices, kappa coefficients, and RF variable importance indices. Three study sites with different environmental conditions are chosen to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed classification chain. To further assess the performance of the proposed feature set, we set different feature combinations and process with the same processing chain. Results show that the DERD parameter can detail the sediment mappings on exposed intertidal flats and is a useful SAR feature to distinguish mud and sand flats efficiently. The combined FD and CP components have the ability to describe the polarimetric characteristics of sediments more correctly than the commonly used original intensity channels. Meanwhile, the RF theory shows great potential in distinguishing sediments in intertidal zones accurately and time efficiently. C1 [Wang, Wensheng; Yang, Xiaofeng; Chen, Kunshan; Liu, Guihong; Li, Ziwei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofeng] Univ Maryland, NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Global Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Gade, Martin] Univ Hamburg, Inst Oceanog, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. RP Yang, XF (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008; OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119; chen, kun shan/0000-0001-7698-9861 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41531175, 41501386, 41371355]; Student President Foundation of the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth [Y6SY1400CX] FX This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 41531175, Grant 41501386, and Grant 41371355, and in part by the Student President Foundation of the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth under Grant Y6SY1400CX. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2017 VL 55 IS 3 BP 1734 EP 1742 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2631632 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EN6IC UT WOS:000396106700042 ER PT J AU Zhang, GS Perrie, W Li, XF Zhang, JA AF Zhang, Guosheng Perrie, William Li, Xiaofeng Zhang, Jun A. TI A Hurricane Morphology and Sea Surface Wind Vector Estimation Model Based on C-Band Cross-Polarization SAR Imagery SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Cross polarization; hurricane; sea surface electromagnetic scattering; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; EYEWALL REPLACEMENT CYCLES; TROPICAL CYCLONE WINDS; PRIMARY CIRCULATION; GPS DROPWINDSONDE; EYE; PROFILES; OCEAN AB Over the last decades, data from spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) have been used in hurricane research. However, some issues remain. When wind is at hurricane strength, the wind speed retrievals from single-polarization SAR may have errors, because the backscatter signal may experience saturation and become double valued. By comparison, wind direction retrievals from cross-polarization SAR are not possible until now. In this paper, we develop a 2-D model, the symmetric hurricane estimates for wind (SHEW) model, and combine it with the modified inflow angle model to detect hurricane morphology and estimate the wind vector field imaged by cross-polarization SAR. By fitting SHEW to the SAR derived hurricane wind speed, we find the initial closest ellipticalsymmetrical wind speed fields, hurricane center location, major and minor axes, the azimuthal (orientation) angle relative to the reference ellipse, and maximum wind speed. This set of hurricane morphology parameters, along with the speed of hurricane motion, are input to the inflow angle model, modified with an ellipse-shaped eye, to derive the hurricane wind direction. A total of 14 RADARSAT-2 ScanSAR images are employed to tune the combined model. Two SAR images acquired over Hurricane Arthur (2014) and Hurricane Earl (2010) are used to validate this model. Comparisons between the modeled surface wind vector and measurements from airborne stepped-frequency microwave radiometer and dropwindsondes show excellent agreement. The proposed method works well in areas with significant radar attenuation by precipitation. C1 [Zhang, Guosheng] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Int Ctr Marine Studies, Shanghai 201306, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Guosheng; Perrie, William] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, Global Sci & Technol, NOAA Satellite & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div,Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmosphe, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, Global Sci & Technol, NOAA Satellite & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM xiaofeng.li@noaa.gov RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2017 VL 55 IS 3 BP 1743 EP 1751 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2631663 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EN6IC UT WOS:000396106700043 ER PT J AU Wang, DD Liang, SL Zhou, Y He, T Yu, YY AF Wang, Dongdong Liang, Shunlin Zhou, Yuan He, Tao Yu, Yunyue TI A New Method for Retrieving Daily Land Surface Albedo From VIIRS Data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE BRDF; daily albedo; diurnal; surface albedo; surface radiation budget; VIIRS ID AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; CLEAR-SKY DAYS; MODIS DATA; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; NET-RADIATION; ALGORITHM; SNOW; BAND; BRDF AB Unlike instantaneous albedo, daily albedo of land surfaces is currently not routinely generated from satellite data, although it is a key input parameter for calculating daily shortwave radiation budget. This paper presents a novel approach to directly retrieve daily mean values of land surface broadband blue-sky albedo from Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite clear-sky data of apparent reflectance, with the assumption that the atmospheric conditions of the satellite overpass time can represent their daily values. Training data were simulated by atmospheric radiative transfer models, with surface spectra and bidirectional reflectance distribution function data as inputs for four aerosol types and a range of aerosol loadings. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to study the effects of cloud coverage, aerosol, and surface types on retrieval accuracy. Two years of measurements at six Surface Radiation Budget Network and eight Greenland Climate Network stations were used for algorithm validation. Daily albedo of snow-free surfaces can be retrieved with very high accuracy. By excluding far off-nadir observations of snow surfaces, the overall accuracy of retrieving daily albedo has a bias of 0.003 and a root-mean-square error of 0.055. C1 [Wang, Dongdong; Liang, Shunlin; Zhou, Yuan; He, Tao] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liang, Shunlin] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Yu, Yunyue] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Wang, DD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. OI He, Tao/0000-0003-2079-7988 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's S-NPP/VIIRS Project FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's S-NPP/VIIRS Project. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2017 VL 55 IS 3 BP 1765 EP 1775 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2632624 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EN6IC UT WOS:000396106700045 ER PT J AU Lewandowski, A Wiatr, W Gu, DZ Orloff, ND Booth, J AF Lewandowski, Arkadiusz Wiatr, Wojciech Gu, Dazhen Orloff, Nathan D. Booth, James TI A Multireflect-Thru Method of Vector Network Analyzer Calibration SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Calibration; error analysis; offset reflects; redundancy; vector network analyzer (VNA) ID REFLECTOMETER; MICROSTRIP AB We present a new method for two-port vector network analyzer (VNA) calibration, which uses multiple offset-reflect standards and a flush thru connection. Offset-reflect standards consist of sections of the same uniform transmission line with different lengths, which are terminated with the same highly reflective load. The unknown propagation constant of the transmission line and the load reflection coefficient are then determined simultaneously with the VNA calibration coefficients. We compare our method with the multiline thru-reflectline (TRL) method and show that both methods yield similar results. Our new multireflect-thru method is solely based upon dimensional parameters of the calibration standards. Therefore, like the multiline TRL method, it can be used to establish a traceable VNA calibration. Thus, the multireflect-thru method constitutes an alternative to the multiline TRL calibration in environments in which the use of transmission lines is troublesome, such as in the case of VNAs with very small coaxial and waveguide connectors. The multireflect-thru method is also useful in on-wafer measurements since it allows us to keep a constant distance between the probes, which reduces the impact of crosstalk and speeds up automated testing. C1 [Lewandowski, Arkadiusz; Wiatr, Wojciech] Warsaw Univ Technol, Inst Elect Syst, PL-00665 Warsaw, Poland. [Gu, Dazhen; Orloff, Nathan D.; Booth, James] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lewandowski, A (reprint author), Warsaw Univ Technol, Inst Elect Syst, PL-00665 Warsaw, Poland. EM a.lewandowski@elka.pw.edu.pl; w.wiatr@elka.pw.edu.pl; dazhen.gu@nist.gov; nathan.orloff@nist.gov FU Polish National Science Center [2011/03/D/ST7/01731] FX This work was supported by the Polish National Science Center under Project 2011/03/D/ST7/01731. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 65 IS 3 BP 905 EP 915 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2016.2627036 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA EO0MV UT WOS:000396393000023 ER PT J AU Didlake, AC Heymsfield, GM Reasor, PD Guimond, SR AF Didlake, Anthony C., Jr. Heymsfield, Gerald M. Reasor, Paul D. Guimond, Stephen R. TI Concentric Eyewall Asymmetries in Hurricane Gonzalo (2014) Observed by Airborne Radar SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; BOUNDARY-LAYER STRUCTURE; AXISYMMETRICAL BALANCE DYNAMICS; TRMM PRECIPITATION RADAR; TROPICAL CYCLONE; PART I; RAPID INTENSIFICATION; KINEMATIC STRUCTURE; BONNIE 1998; REPLACEMENT CYCLES AB Two eyewall replacement cycles were observed in Hurricane Gonzalo by the NOAA P3 Tail (TA) radar and the recently developed NASA High-Altitude Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (HIWRAP) radar. These observations captured detailed precipitation and kinematic features of Gonzalo's concentric eyewalls both before and after the outer eyewall's winds became the vortex maximum winds. The data were analyzed relative to the deep-layer environmental wind shear vector. During the beginning eyewall replacement cycle stages, the inner and outer eyewalls exhibited different asymmetries. The inner eyewall asymmetry exhibited significant low-level inflow, updrafts, and positive tangential acceleration in the downshear quadrants, consistent with observational and theoretical studies. The outer eyewall asymmetry exhibited these features in the left-of-shear quadrants, further downwind from those of the inner eyewall. It is suggested that the low-level inflow occurring at the outer but not at the inner eyewall in the downwind regions signals a barrier effect that contributes to the eventual decay of the inner eyewall. Toward the later eyewall replacement stages, the outer eyewall asymmetry shifts upwind, becoming more aligned with the asymmetry of the earlier inner eyewall. This upwind shift is consistent with the structural evolution of eyewall replacement as the outer eyewall transitions into the primary eyewall of the storm. C1 [Didlake, Anthony C., Jr.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Heymsfield, Gerald M.; Guimond, Stephen R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Reasor, Paul D.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA. [Guimond, Stephen R.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Didlake, AC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM didlake@psu.edu FU NASA's Earth Venture Program; Office of Naval Research; NASA Postdoctoral Program; NASA New Investigator Program (NIP) [NNX16AI21G] FX We thank John Gamache for his tremendous efforts in developing and maintaining the Doppler Tail radar analysis dataset at HRD. We also thank Lihua Li and Matthew McLinden for their engineering support and data processing for the HIWRAP radar. We thank Beth Tully for her work on the summarizing conceptual model. Last, we thank the three anonymous reviewers whose comments led to significant improvements in the manuscript. The HS3 project was funded under NASA's Earth Venture Program. The TCI project was funded by the Office of Naval Research. This research was supported by the NASA Postdoctoral Program and the NASA New Investigator Program (NIP) under Grant NNX16AI21G. NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 145 IS 3 BP 730 EP 750 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-16-0175.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EL0XV UT WOS:000394346000001 ER PT J AU Yang, Q Wang, MY Overland, JE Wang, WQ Collow, TW AF Yang, Qiong Wang, Muyin Overland, James E. Wang, Wanqiu Collow, Thomas W. TI Impact of Model Physics on Seasonal Forecasts of Surface Air Temperature in the Arctic SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ERA-INTERIM REANALYSIS; SEA-ICE THICKNESS; INITIAL CONDITIONS; SYSTEM; CLIMATE; CLOUDS; SKILL; EXTENT; WILL AB The impacts of model physics and initial sea ice thickness on seasonal forecasts of surface energy budget and air temperature in the Arctic during summer were investigated based on Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), simulations. The model physics changes include the enabling of a marine stratus cloud scheme and the removal of the artificial upper limit on the bottom heat flux from ocean to sea ice. The impact of initial sea ice thickness was examined by initializing the model with relatively realistic sea ice thickness generated by the Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS). Model outputs were compared to that from a control run that did not impose physics changes and used Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) sea ice thickness. After applying the physics modification to either sea ice thickness initialization, the simulated total cloud cover more closely resembled the observed monthly variations of total cloud cover except for the midsummer reduction. Over the Chukchi-Bering Seas, the model physics modification reduced the seasonal forecast bias in surface air temperature by 24%. However, the use of initial PIOMAS sea ice thickness alone worsened the surface air temperature predictions. The experiment with physics modifications and initial PIOMAS sea ice thickness achieves the best surface air temperature improvement over the Chukchi-Bering Seas where the area-weighted forecast bias was reduced by 71% from 1.05Kdown to -0.3K compared with the control run. This study supports other results that surface temperatures and sea ice characteristics are highly sensitive to the Arctic cloud and radiation formulations in models and need priority in model formulation and validation. C1 [Yang, Qiong; Wang, Muyin] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wang, Wanqiu; Collow, Thomas W.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Collow, Thomas W.] INNOVIM LLC, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Yang, Q (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM qiong.yang@noaa.gov FU NOAA Climate Program Office; Arctic Research Program; NOAA/OAR under National Earth System Prediction Capability (National ESPC); Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148, NA15OAR4320063] FX We thank Met Office Hadley Center and ECMWF for providing data. The NASA Langley CALIPSO team provided CALIPSO cloud observations. This work is supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office, Arctic Research Program, and by NOAA/OAR under the auspices of the National Earth System Prediction Capability (National ESPC). This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreements NA10OAR4320148 (2010-2015) and NA15OAR4320063 (2015-2020). NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 145 IS 3 BP 773 EP 782 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-16-0272.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EL0XV UT WOS:000394346000003 ER PT J AU Berweger, S MacDonald, GA Yang, MJ Coakley, KJ Berry, JJ Zhu, K DelRio, FW Wallis, TM Kabos, P AF Berweger, Samuel MacDonald, Gordon A. Yang, Mengjin Coakley, Kevin J. Berry, Joseph J. Zhu, Kai DelRio, Frank W. Wallis, Thomas M. Kabos, Pavel TI Electronic and Morphological Inhomogeneities in Pristine and Deteriorated Perovskite Photovoltaic Films SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE perovskite; photovoltaic; microwave; near-field; atomic force microscope ID HYBRID HALIDE PEROVSKITE; SOLAR-CELLS; CH3NH3PBI3 PEROVSKITE; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; THIN-FILMS; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; ION MIGRATION; EFFICIENCY; DEGRADATION; MICROSCOPY AB We perform scanning microwave microscopy (SMM) to study the spatially varying electronic properties and related morphology of pristine and degraded methylammonium lead-halide (MAPI) perovskite films fabricated under different ambient humidity. We find that higher processing humidity leads to the emergence of increased conductivity at the grain boundaries but also correlates with the appearance of resistive grains that contain PbI2. Deteriorated films show larger and increasingly insulating grain boundaries as well as spatially localized regions of reduced conductivity within grains. These results suggest that while humidity during film fabrication primarily benefits device properties due to the passivation of traps at the grain boundaries and self-doping, it also results in the emergence of PbI2-containing grains. We further establish that MAPI film deterioration under ambient conditions proceeds via the spatially localized breakdown of film conductivity, both at grain boundaries and within grains, due to local variations in susceptibility to deterioration. These results confirm that PM, has both beneficial and adverse effects on device performance and provide new means for device optimization by revealing spatial variations in sample conductivity as well as morphological differences in resistance to sample deterioration. C1 [Berweger, Samuel; MacDonald, Gordon A.; Coakley, Kevin J.; DelRio, Frank W.; Wallis, Thomas M.; Kabos, Pavel] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yang, Mengjin; Berry, Joseph J.; Zhu, Kai] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Berweger, S (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM samueLberweger@nist.gov NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 17 IS 3 BP 1796 EP 1801 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b05119 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EN7MB UT WOS:000396185800069 PM 28151679 ER PT J AU Stouffer, RJ Manabe, S AF Stouffer, Ronald J. Manabe, Syukuro TI Assessing temperature pattern projections made in 1989 SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Editorial Material ID OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; TRANSIENT-RESPONSES; GRADUAL CHANGES; CO2; INCREASE; SENSITIVITY C1 [Stouffer, Ronald J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Manabe, Syukuro] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Stouffer, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM ronald.stouffer@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 7 IS 3 BP 163 EP 165 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN9WD UT WOS:000396349400003 ER PT J AU Qi, D Chen, LQ Chen, BS Gao, ZY Zhong, WL Feely, RA Anderson, LG Sun, H Chen, JF Chen, M Zhan, LY Zhang, YH Cai, WJ AF Qi, Di Chen, Liqi Chen, Baoshan Gao, Zhongyong Zhong, Wenli Feely, Richard A. Anderson, Leif G. Sun, Heng Chen, Jianfang Chen, Min Zhan, Liyang Zhang, Yuanhui Cai, Wei-Jun TI Increase in acidifying water in the western Arctic Ocean SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CARBONIC-ACID; ACIDIFICATION; SEAWATER; SYSTEM; SHELF; UNDERSATURATION AB The up(t)ake of anthropogenic CO2 by the ocean decreases seawater pH and carbonate mineral aragonite saturation state (Omega(arag)), a process known as Ocean Acidification (OA). This can be detrimental to marine organisms and ecosystems(1,2). The Arctic Ocean is particularly sensitive to climate change(3) and aragonite is expected to become undersaturated (Omega(arag) < 1) there sooner than in other oceans(4). However, the extent and expansion rate of OA in this region are still unknown. Here we show that, between the 1990s and 2010, low Omega(arag) waters have expanded northwards at least 5 degrees, to 85 degrees N, and deepened 100 m, to 250m depth. Data from trans-western Arctic Ocean cruises show that Omega(arag) < 1 water has increased in the upper 250m from 5% to 31% of the total area north of 70 ffi N. Tracer data and model simulations suggest that increased Pacific Winter Water transport, driven by an anomalous circulation pattern and sea-ice retreat, is primarily responsible for the expansion, although local carbon recycling and anthropogenic CO2 uptake have also contributed. These results indicate more rapid acidification is occurring in the Arctic Ocean than the Pacific and Atlantic oceans(5-8), with the western Arctic Ocean the first open-ocean region with large-scale expansion of 'acidified' water directly observed in the upper water column. C1 [Qi, Di; Chen, Liqi; Gao, Zhongyong; Sun, Heng; Zhan, Liyang; Zhang, Yuanhui] SOA, Inst Oceanog 3, Key Lab Global Change & Marine Atmospher Chem, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. [Qi, Di; Chen, Min] Xiamen Univ, Coll Ocean & Earth Sci, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. [Chen, Baoshan; Cai, Wei-Jun] Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Chen, Baoshan; Cai, Wei-Jun] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Zhong, Wenli] Ocean Univ China, Key Lab Phys Oceanog, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. [Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Anderson, Leif G.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Marine Sci, Box 461, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Chen, Jianfang] SOA, Inst Oceanog 2, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Chen, LQ (reprint author), SOA, Inst Oceanog 3, Key Lab Global Change & Marine Atmospher Chem, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China.; Cai, WJ (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Newark, DE 19716 USA.; Cai, WJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM chenliqi@tio.org.cn; wcai@udel.edu FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41230529, 41476172, 41476173, 41406221]; Chinese Projects for Investigations and Assessments of the Arctic and Antarctic (CHINARE) [01-04, 02-01, 03-04, 04-04, 04-03]; Chinese International Cooperation Projects [2015DFG22010, IC201513]; NSF [ARC-0909330, PLR-1304337]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310078] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41230529, 41476172, 41476173 and 41406221), Chinese Projects for Investigations and Assessments of the Arctic and Antarctic (CHINARE2012-2016 for 01-04, 02-01, 03-04, 04-04 and 04-03), and Chinese International Cooperation Projects (2015DFG22010, IC201513). The University of Delaware group (formerly at the University of Georgia) was supported by NSF (ARC-0909330 and PLR-1304337) and NOAA (NA09OAR4310078). We thank R. Wanninkhof and Y. Wang for their contributions to the programme and P. Yager for providing CO2 data of SHEBA 1998. This is PMEL contribution number: 4542. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 17 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 7 IS 3 BP 195 EP + DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE3228 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN9WD UT WOS:000396349400014 ER PT J AU Khanna, J Medvigy, D Fueglistaler, S Walko, R AF Khanna, Jaya Medvigy, David Fueglistaler, Stephan Walko, Robert TI Regional dry-season climate changes due to three decades of Amazonian deforestation SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LAND-SURFACE; WET SEASON; SIMULATIONS; TRANSITION; PASTURE; FOREST; SCALE AB More than 20% of the Amazon rainforest has been cleared in the past three decades(1), triggering important hydroclimatic changes(1-6). Small-scale (a few kilometres) deforestation in the 1980s has caused thermally triggered atmospheric circulations(7) that increase regional cloudiness(8-10) and precipitation frequency(8). However, these circulations are predicted to diminish as deforestation increases(11-13). Here we use multi-decadal satellite records(14,15) and numerical model simulations to show a regime shift in the regional hydroclimate accompanying increasing deforestation in Rondonia, Brazil. Compared with the 1980s, present-day deforested areas in downwind western Rondonia are found to be wetter than upwind eastern deforested areas during the local dry season. The resultant precipitation change in the two regions is approximately +/- 25% of the deforested area mean. Meso-resolution simulations robustly reproduce this transition when forced with increasing deforestation alone, showing that large-scale climate variability plays a negligible role(16). Furthermore, deforestation-induced surface roughness reduction is found to play an essential role in the present-day dry-season hydroclimate. Our study illustrates the strong scale sensitivity of the climatic response to Amazonian deforestation and suggests that deforestation is suffciently advanced to have caused a shift from a thermally to a dynamically driven hydroclimatic regime. C1 [Khanna, Jaya; Medvigy, David; Fueglistaler, Stephan] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Medvigy, David; Fueglistaler, Stephan] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Walko, Robert] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Khanna, Jaya] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Medvigy, David] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Khanna, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.; Khanna, J (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM jkhanna@jsg.utexas.edu RI Fueglistaler, Stephan/I-5803-2013 FU National Science Foundation [1151102, 0902197] FX D.M. acknowledges support from National Science Foundation Award 1151102. R.W. acknowledges support from National Science Foundation Award 0902197. The simulations presented in this article were performed on computational resources supported by the PICSciE OIT High Performance Computing Center and Visualization Laboratory at Princeton University. We also acknowledge helpful correspondence with K. R. Knapp at NOAA, Asheville, North Carolina. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 7 IS 3 BP 200 EP + DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE3226 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN9WD UT WOS:000396349400015 ER PT J AU Xu, H Kemiktarak, U Fan, J Ragole, S Lawall, J Taylor, JM AF Xu, H. Kemiktarak, U. Fan, J. Ragole, S. Lawall, J. Taylor, J. M. TI Observation of optomechanical buckling transitions SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-PRESSURE; CAVITY; BISTABILITY; OSCILLATOR; MIRROR; SYSTEM AB Correlated phases of matter provide long-term stability for systems as diverse as solids, magnets and potential exotic quantum materials. Mechanical systems, such as buckling transition spring switches, can have engineered, stable configurations whose dependence on a control variable is reminiscent of non-equilibrium phase transitions. In hybrid optomechanical systems, light and matter are strongly coupled, allowing engineering of rapid changes in the force landscape, storing and processing information, and ultimately probing and controlling behaviour at the quantum level. Here we report the observation of first-and second-order buckling transitions between stable mechanical states in an optomechanical system, in which full control of the nature of the transition is obtained by means of the laser power and detuning. The underlying multiwell confining potential we create is highly tunable, with a sub-nanometre distance between potential wells. Our results enable new applications in photonics and information technology, and may enable explorations of quantum phase transitions and macroscopic quantum tunnelling in mechanical systems. C1 [Xu, H.; Kemiktarak, U.; Ragole, S.; Taylor, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kemiktarak, U.; Fan, J.; Lawall, J.; Taylor, J. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ragole, S.; Taylor, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Taylor, JM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Lawall, J; Taylor, JM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Taylor, JM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM john.lawall@nist.gov; jacob.taylor@nist.gov FU DARPA QuASAR; NSF-Physics Frontier Center at the JQI FX We acknowledge helpful discussions with J. Harris, A. Schliesser, E. Polzik and J. Foley. Funding was provided by DARPA QuASAR and the NSF-funded Physics Frontier Center at the JQI. Research performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD MAR 1 PY 2017 VL 8 AR 14481 DI 10.1038/ncomms14481 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EM1BE UT WOS:000395052200001 PM 28248293 ER PT J AU Findlay, KP Seakamela, SM Meyer, MA Kirkman, SP Barendse, J Cade, DE Hurwitz, D Kennedy, AS Kotze, PGH McCue, SA Thornton, M Vargas-Fonseca, OA Wilke, CG AF Findlay, Ken P. Seakamela, S. Mduduzi Meyer, Michael A. Kirkman, Stephen P. Barendse, Jaco Cade, David E. Hurwitz, David Kennedy, Amy S. Kotze, Pieter G. H. McCue, Steven A. Thornton, Meredith Vargas-Fonseca, O. Alejandra Wilke, Christopher G. TI Humpback whale "super-groups" - A novel low-latitude feeding behaviour of Southern Hemisphere humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the Benguela Upwelling System SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WEST-COAST; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; CETACEAN DISTRIBUTION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MAGELLAN STRAIT; BALEEN WHALES; AFRICA; MIGRATION; MOVEMENTS; ABUNDANCE AB Southern Hemisphere humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) generally undertake annual migrations from polar summer feeding grounds to winter calving and nursery grounds in subtropical and tropical coastal waters. Evidence for such migrations arises from seasonality of historic whaling catches by latitude, Discovery and natural mark returns, and results of satellite tagging studies. Feeding is generally believed to be limited to the southern polar region, where Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) has been identified as the primary prey item. Non-migrations and / or suspended migrations to the polar feeding grounds have previously been reported from a summer presence of whales in the Benguela System, where feeding on euphausiids (E. lucens), hyperiid amphipods (Themisto gaudichaudii), mantis shrimp (Pterygosquilla armata capensis) and clupeid fish has been described. Three recent research cruises (in October/November 2011, October/November 2014 and October/November 2015) identified large tightly-spaced groups (20 to 200 individuals) of feeding humpback whales aggregated over at least a one-month period across a 220 nautical mile region of the southern Benguela System. Feeding behaviour was identified by lunges, strong milling and repetitive and consecutive diving behaviours, associated bird and seal feeding, defecations and the pungent "fishy" smell of whale blows. Although no dedicated prey sampling could be carried out within the tightly spaced feeding aggregations, observations of E. lucens in the region of groups and the full stomach contents of mantis shrimp from both a co-occurring predatory fish species (Thyrsites atun) and one entangled humpback whale mortality suggest these may be the primary prey items of at least some of the feeding aggregations. Reasons for this recent novel behaviour pattern remain speculative, but may relate to increasing summer humpback whale abundance in the region. These novel, predictable, inter-annual, low latitude feeding events provide considerable potential for further investigation of Southern Hemisphere humpback feeding behaviours in these relatively accessible low-latitude waters. C1 [Findlay, Ken P.; Barendse, Jaco; Thornton, Meredith] Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, Whale Unit, ZA-0001 Pretoria, Wynberg, South Africa. [Findlay, Ken P.] Cape Peninsula Univ Technol, Res Chair Oceans Econ, Cape Town, South Africa. [Seakamela, S. Mduduzi; Meyer, Michael A.; Kirkman, Stephen P.; Kotze, Pieter G. H.; McCue, Steven A.] Dept Environm Affairs, Branch Oceans & Coasts, Cape Town, South Africa. [Barendse, Jaco] 16 Ebor Rd, Wynberg, South Africa. [Barendse, Jaco] Marine Stewardship Council, 1 Snow Hill, London, England. [Cade, David E.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Dept Biol, 120 Ocean View Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Hurwitz, David] 12 Victory Way, Cape Town, South Africa. [Kennedy, Amy S.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA USA. [Vargas-Fonseca, O. Alejandra] ConserBio Fdn, Heredia, Costa Rica. [Wilke, Christopher G.] Dept Agr Forestry & Fisheries, Branch Fisheries Management, Foretrust Bldg, Cape Town, South Africa. RP Findlay, KP (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, Whale Unit, ZA-0001 Pretoria, Wynberg, South Africa.; Findlay, KP (reprint author), Cape Peninsula Univ Technol, Res Chair Oceans Econ, Cape Town, South Africa. EM findlayk@cput.ac.za FU Simon's Town Boat Company FX David Hurwitz is employed by The Simon's Town Boat Company. The Simon's Town Boat Company provided support in the form of salary for author DH, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific role of this author is articulated in the 'author contributions' section. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 1 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 3 AR e0172002 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0172002 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN4NF UT WOS:000395983500025 PM 28249036 ER PT J AU Gaube, P Barcelo, C McGillicuddy, DJ Domingo, A Miller, P Giffoni, B Marcovaldi, N Swimmer, Y AF Gaube, Peter Barcelo, Caren McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. Domingo, Andres Miller, Philip Giffoni, Bruno Marcovaldi, Neca Swimmer, Yonat TI The use of mesoscale eddies by juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in the southwestern Atlantic SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; DYNAMIC OCEAN; BEHAVIOR; MANAGEMENT; MIGRATION; CURRENTS; HABITAT; WATERS; BRAZIL AB Marine animals, such as turtles, seabirds and pelagic fishes, are observed to travel and congregate around eddies in the open ocean. Mesoscale eddies, large swirling ocean vortices with radius scales of approximately 50-100 km, provide environmental variability that can structure these populations. In this study, we investigate the use of mesoscale eddies by 24 individual juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence region. The influence of eddies on turtles is assessed by collocating the turtle trajectories to the tracks of mesoscale eddies identified in maps of sea level anomaly. Juvenile loggerhead sea turtles are significantly more likely to be located in the interiors of anticyclones in this region. The distribution of surface drifters in eddy interiors reveals no significant association with the interiors of cyclones or anticyclones, suggesting higher prevalence of turtles in anticyclones is a result of their behavior. In the southern portion of the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence region, turtle swimming speed is significantly slower in the interiors of anticyclones, when compared to the periphery, suggesting that these turtles are possibly feeding on prey items associated with anomalously low near-surface chlorophyll concentrations observed in those features. C1 [Gaube, Peter; McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Barcelo, Caren] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Domingo, Andres] Direcc Nacl Recursos Acuat, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Miller, Philip] Ctr Invest & Conservac Marina CICMAR, El Pinar, Canelones, Uruguay. [Giffoni, Bruno; Marcovaldi, Neca] Fundacao Pro Tamar ICMBio, Projecto TAMAR, Salvador, BA, Brazil. [Swimmer, Yonat] NOAA Fisheries, Long Beach, CA USA. [Gaube, Peter] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Air Sea Interact & Remote Sensing Dept, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Gaube, P (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.; Gaube, P (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Air Sea Interact & Remote Sensing Dept, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM pgaube@apl.washington.edu FU Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX13AE47G]; National Science Foundation [1314109]; NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center; NASA [NNX13AE47G]; NOAA; NSF-GRFP [1314109]; NSF FX Support was provided by: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution [www.whoi.edu] to PG; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [www.nasa.gov] NNX13AE47G to PG and DJM; and National Science Foundation [www.nsf.gov] 1314109 to CB.; Thanks to Uruguay's and Brazil's scientific observers for deploying satellite transmitters and providing accompanying information on the bycatch turtles, as well as the skippers and crew of fishing vessels where turtles were captured and equipped with transmitters. Funding for satellite transmitters and ARGOS satellite time was made available for this project by NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center. We thank Dr. Francesco d'Ovidio for helpful comments and discussion on an earlier version of the manuscript and three anonymous reviewers for constructive feedback. We acknowledge Collecte Localis Satellites, AVISO (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com) for the SLA observations, NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory AOML (http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/index.php) for the drifter observations, NASA MEaSUREs Ocean Color Product Evaluation Project (ftp://ftp.oceancolor.ucsb.edu) for the CHL observations, NOAA National Climatic Data Center for the SST observations (data available at ftp://eclipse.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/OI-daily-v2/NetCDF), and NOAA National Geophysical Data Center NGDC (http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/fliers/06mgg01.html) for the global bathymetric data. A Woods Hole Postdoctoral Fellowship awarded to PG and NASA grant NNX13AE47G funded this work. CB is grateful for support from NOAA and the NSF-GRFP (Grant No. 1314109). DJM gratefully acknowledges support from NASA and NSF. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 1 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 3 AR e0172839 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0172839 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN4NF UT WOS:000395983500060 PM 28249020 ER PT J AU Cepuritis, R Garboczi, EJ Jacobsen, S Snyder, KA AF Cepuritis, Rolands Garboczi, Edward J. Jacobsen, Stefan Snyder, Kenneth A. TI Comparison of 2-D and 3-D shape analysis of concrete aggregate fines from VSI crushing SO POWDER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Crushed aggregate fines; Vertical shaft impact crusher; Shape; Dynamic image analysis; X-ray computed tomography ID SHAFT IMPACT CRUSHERS; PARTICLE-SHAPE; MU-M; SURFACE; FILLER; ROCKS; TOMOGRAPHY; CEMENT; FORCES; SAND AB The shape of concrete aggregate fine particles (fines), with particle sizes between 3 pm and 250 pm, produced by high-speed vertical shaft impact (VSI) crushing of 10 different rock types from quarries in Norway, has been studied by both dynamic image analysis (DIA), which is a two-dimensional (2-D) method, and X-ray computed microtomography ( CT) coupled with spherical harmonic (SH) analysis, which is a three-dimensional (3-D) method. The 3-D mu CT results serve as a check on the 2-D DIA results. The intent was to evaluate the applicability of the 2-D DIA method to extract shape parameters that could represent the actual 3-D shape of the VSI crushed concrete aggregate particles. The results show that the 2-D DIA method has problems correctly measuring the shape of particles smaller than about 40 pm due to too large of a pixel size and possibly some particle flocculation. The findings of this paper show, however, that if a large enough number of particles are analysed by the 2-D DIA method, a good but limited indication of the actual 3-D shape of the irregular crushed aggregate fines larger than 40 pm can be acquired and used for simple quality control in hard rock quarries. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cepuritis, Rolands; Jacobsen, Stefan] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Struct Engn, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Cepuritis, Rolands] Norcem AS HeidelbergCement, R&D Dept, Setreveien 2,Postboks 38, NO-3950 Brevik, Norway. [Garboczi, Edward J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Snyder, Kenneth A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cepuritis, R (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Struct Engn, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. EM rolands.cepuritis@norcem.no; edward.garboczi@nist.gov; stefan.jacobsen@ntnu.no; kenneth.snyder@nist.gov FU COIN FX This work is based on work performed in COIN - Concrete Innovation Centre (www.coinweb.no) - which is a Centre for Research based Innovation, initiated by the Research Council of Norway (RCN) in 2006. The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge COIN for financial support and for facilitating the interaction between research and industry. As well, help of lab engineer Steinar Seehuus with preparation of the epoxy casted specimens for mu CT scanning is greatly appreciated. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-5910 EI 1873-328X J9 POWDER TECHNOL JI Powder Technol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 309 BP 110 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.12.037 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA EK6WA UT WOS:000394065500013 ER PT J AU Manzello, SL Quarles, SL AF Manzello, Samuel L. Quarles, Stephen L. TI Special Section on Structure Ignition in Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Manzello, Samuel L.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Quarles, Stephen L.] Insurance Inst Business & Home Safety IBHS, Richburg, SC USA. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuelm@nist.gov; squarles@ibhs.org FU ASTM International Committee [E05] FX The workshop was sponsored by ASTM International Committee E05, and was under the direction of Dr. Samuel L. Manzello of the Fire Research Division, part of the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST) Engineering Laboratory, and Dr. Stephen L. Quarles of the Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety (IBHS). This workshop was dedicated to the memory of Dr. Robert Hawthorne White, a scientist at the US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory for 39 years. Dr. White made significant contributions to fire safety science and ASTM in particular. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 53 IS 2 BP 425 EP 427 DI 10.1007/s10694-016-0639-6 PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA EK1RB UT WOS:000393702300001 ER PT J AU Caton, SE Hakes, RSP Gollner, MJ Gorham, DJ Zhou, AX AF Caton, Sara E. Hakes, Raquel S. P. Gollner, Michael J. Gorham, Daniel J. Zhou, Aixi TI Review of Pathways for Building Fire Spread in the Wildland Urban Interface Part I: Exposure Conditions SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Structure Ignition in Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires CY JUN 18-19, 2015 CL Anaheim, CA SP ASTM Int Comm E05 ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; FLAME SPREAD; CROWN FIRE; FUEL BEDS; FIREBRAND GENERATION; METAL PARTICLES; HOT PARTICLE; FULL-SCALE; HIGH WINDS; IGNITION AB While the wildland-urban interface (WUI) is not a new concept, fires in WUI communities have rapidly expanded in frequency and severity over the past few decades. The number of structures lost per year has increased significantly, due in part to increased development in rural areas, fuel management policies, and climate change, all of which are projected to increase in the future. This two-part review presents an overview of research on the pathways for fire spread in the WUI. Recent involvement of the fire science community in WUI fire research has led to some great advances in knowledge; however, much work is left to be done. While the general pathways for fire spread in the WUI (radiative, flame, and ember exposure) are known, the exposure conditions generated by surrounding wildland fuels, nearby structures or other system-wide factors, and the subsequent response of WUI structures and communities are not well known or well understood. This first part of the review covers the current state of the WUI and existing knowledge on exposure conditions. Recommendations for future research and development are also presented for each part of the review. C1 [Caton, Sara E.; Hakes, Raquel S. P.; Gollner, Michael J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Fire Protect Engn, 3106 JM Patterson Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Caton, Sara E.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gorham, Daniel J.] Fire Protect Res Fdn, 1 Batterymarch Pk, Quincy, MA 02169 USA. [Zhou, Aixi] Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Dept Engn Technol & Construct Management, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. RP Gollner, MJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Fire Protect Engn, 3106 JM Patterson Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM scaton@terpmail.umd.edu; rhakes@terpmail.umd.edu; mgollner@umd.edu; DGorham@nfpa.org; aixi.zhou@uncc.edu FU National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Research Foundation; National Institute of Standards and Technology; Joint Fire Science Program [JFSP 15-1-04-4] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the National Fire Protection Association, Fire Protection Research Foundation, the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Joint Fire Science Program under project JFSP 15-1-04-4 for financial support of this project. They would also like to thank Casey Grant for his efforts coordinating this project, Kyle Kohler for his assistance compiling data, and comments from many experts in the field, especially Randall Bradley, Nelson Bryner, Jack Cohen, Ryan Depew, Steve Gage, Samuel Manzello, Alexander Maranghides, Don Oaks, Stephen Quarles, Michele Steinberg, Kevin Tolhurst and Rick Swan. NR 191 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 53 IS 2 BP 429 EP 473 DI 10.1007/s10694-016-0589-z PG 45 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA EK1RB UT WOS:000393702300002 ER PT J AU Hakes, RSP Caton, SE Gollner, MJ Gorham, DJ AF Hakes, Raquel S. P. Caton, Sara E. Gollner, Michael J. Gorham, Daniel J. TI A Review of Pathways for Building Fire Spread in the Wildland Urban Interface Part II: Response of Components and Systems and Mitigation Strategies in the United States SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Structure Ignition in Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires CY JUN 18-19, 2015 CL Anaheim, CA SP ASTM Int Comm E05 DE Wildland urban interface; WUI; Wildfire; Wildland fire; Firebrands; Embers; Fire spread ID DRIVEN FIREBRAND SHOWERS; STRUCTURE VULNERABILITIES; IGNITION; FOREST; RISK; CALIFORNIA; MULCH AB Structure loss in wildland fires has significantly increased over the past few decades, affected by increased development in rural areas, changing fuel management policies, and climate change, all of which are projected to increase in the future. This paper is Part II of a two-part review, which presents a summary of fundamental and applied research on pathways to fire spread in the wildland urban interface. Part I discussed the fundamentals of wildland fire spread via radiative heat transfer, direct flame contact, and firebrand exposure. Here in Part II, we cover the response of building components and systems, as well as mitigation strategies used to prevent fire spread into and within communities in the United States. Post-fire investigations, full-scale structural testing, individual component testing, and combined systems or assembly testing have been used to identify building component and system vulnerabilities such as roofs, vents, siding, decks, fences, and mulch. Using results from these tests and investigations at different scales, some knowledge has been gained on specific vulnerabilities and the effectiveness of mitigation strategies, but a quantitative framework has not yet been established. On a community level, the layout of structures and the space between them has been shown to be incredibly important in mitigating wildfire risk. More locally, defensible space around homes has been effective in mitigating exposure from both radiation and direct flame contact. Firebrands still remain a challenge; however, many design recommendations have been proposed to harden structures against firebrand exposures. Recommendations for future research and development are also presented. C1 [Hakes, Raquel S. P.; Caton, Sara E.; Gollner, Michael J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Fire Protect Engn, 3106 JM Patterson Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Caton, Sara E.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gorham, Daniel J.] Fire Protect Res Fdn, 1 Batterymarch Pk, Quincy, MA 02169 USA. RP Gollner, MJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Fire Protect Engn, 3106 JM Patterson Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rhakes@terpmail.umd.edu; scaton@terpmail.umd.edu; mgollner@umd.edu; DGorham@nfpa.org FU National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Research Foundation; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB15H176]; Joint Fire Science Program [JFSP 15-1-044] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the National Fire Protection Association, Fire Protection Research Foundation, the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology under financial assistance award 70NANB15H176, and the Joint Fire Science Program under project JFSP 15-1-044 for financial support of this project. They would also like to thank Casey Grant for his efforts coordinating this project, Kyle Kohler for his assistance compiling data, and comments from many experts in the field, especially Randall Bradley, Nelson Bryner, Jack Cohen, Ryan Depew, Steve Gage, Samuel Manzello, Alexander Maranghides, Don Oaks, Stephen Quarles, Michele Steinberg, Kevin Tolhurst and Rick Swan. NR 95 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 53 IS 2 BP 475 EP 515 DI 10.1007/s10694-016-0601-7 PG 41 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA EK1RB UT WOS:000393702300003 ER PT J AU Manzello, SL Suzuki, S Nii, D AF Manzello, Samuel L. Suzuki, Sayaka Nii, Daisaku TI Full-Scale Experimental Investigation to Quantify Building Component Ignition Vulnerability from Mulch Beds Attacked by Firebrand Showers SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Structure Ignition in Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires CY JUN 18-19, 2015 CL Anaheim, CA SP ASTM Int Comm E05 DE WUI fires; Firebrands; Ignition ID FIRE; URBAN AB Structure ignition by wind-driven firebrand showers is an important fire spread mechanism in large outdoor fires. Experiments were conducted with three common mulch types (shredded hardwood mulch, Japanese Cypress wood chips, and pine bark nuggets) placed adjacent to realistic-scale re-entrant corners. In the first series of experiments, mulch beds were placed adjacent to a re-entrant corner constructed with wood studs and lined with oriented strand board (OSB) as the sheathing. The premise behind conducting experiments with no siding treatments applied was predicated on the notion that bare OSB mulch contact would be a worst-case scenario, and therefore, a wall assembly in the most vulnerable state to mulch ignition. In the second series of experiments, vinyl siding was applied to the re-entrant corner assemblies (wood studs/OSB/moisture barrier/vinyl siding), and the influence of vertical separation distance (102 mm or 203 mm) on wall ignition from adjacent mulch beds was determined. The vertical separation distance was maintained by applying gypsum board to the base of the re-entrant corner. The siding itself did not influence the ignition process for the mulch beds, as the mulch beds were the first to ignite from the firebrand showers. In all experiments, it was observed that firebrands produced smoldering ignition in the mulch beds, this transitioned to flaming ignition, and the re-entrant corner assembly was exposed to the flaming mulch beds. With no siding treatments applied, the flaming mulch beds ignited the re-entrant corner, and ignition was observed to propagate to the back side of re-entrant corner assembly under all wind speeds (6 m/s to 8 m/s). With respect to the re-entrant corners fitted with vinyl siding, the mulch type, vertical separation distance, and wind speed were important parameters as to whether flaming ignition was observed to propagate to the back-side of a re-entrant corner assembly. Mulches clearly pose an ignition hazard to structures in large outdoor fires. C1 [Manzello, Samuel L.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Suzuki, Sayaka] NRIFD, Large Fire Lab, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan. [Nii, Daisaku] BRI, Dept Fire Engn, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuelm@nist.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 53 IS 2 BP 535 EP 551 DI 10.1007/s10694-015-0537-3 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA EK1RB UT WOS:000393702300005 PM 28184098 ER PT J AU Kuligowski, ED Gwynne, SMV Kinsey, MJ Hulse, L AF Kuligowski, Erica D. Gwynne, Steven M. V. Kinsey, Michael J. Hulse, Lynn TI Guidance for the Model User on Representing Human Behavior in Egress Models SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Structure Ignition in Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires CY JUN 18-19, 2015 CL Anaheim, CA SP ASTM Int Comm E05 DE Egress model; Performance-based design; Human behavior; Fires; Required safe egress time; Egress; Modeling ID ENVIRONMENT; EVACUATION; DECISION; DISASTER; JUDGMENT; RISK; FIRE AB Structures are currently designed and constructed in accordance with prescriptive and performance-based (PBD) methodologies to ensure a certain level of occupant safety during fire emergencies. The performance-based approach requires the quantification of both ASET (Available Safe Egress Time) and RSET (Required Safe Egress Time) to determine the degree of safety provided. This article focuses on the RSET side of the equation, for which a fire protection or fire safety engineer would use some type of egress modelling approach to estimate evacuation performance. Often, simple engineering equations are applied to estimate the RSET value. Over time, more sophisticated computational tools have appeared-that go beyond basic flow calculations; e.g. simulating individual agent movement. Irrespective of the approach adopted, appropriate and accurate representation of human behavior in response to fire within these approaches is limited, mainly due to the lack of a comprehensive conceptual model of evacuee decision-making and behavior during fire emergencies. This article initially presents the set of behavioral statements, or mini-theories, currently available from various fire and disaster studies, organized using the overarching theory of decision-making and human behavior in disasters. Once presented, guidance is provided on how these behavioral statements might be incorporated into an evacuation model, in order to better represent human behavior in fire within the safety analysis being performed. The intent here is to improve the accuracy of the results produced by performance-based calculations and analyses. C1 [Kuligowski, Erica D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gwynne, Steven M. V.] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Kinsey, Michael J.] Arup, London, England. [Hulse, Lynn] Univ Greenwich, London, England. RP Kuligowski, ED (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM erica.kuligowski@nist.gov NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 53 IS 2 BP 649 EP 672 DI 10.1007/s10694-016-0586-2 PG 24 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA EK1RB UT WOS:000393702300010 PM 28184099 ER PT J AU Peacock, RD Reneke, PA Kuligowski, ED Hagwood, CR AF Peacock, R. D. Reneke, P. A. Kuligowski, E. D. Hagwood, C. R. TI Movement on Stairs During Building Evacuations SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Structure Ignition in Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires CY JUN 18-19, 2015 CL Anaheim, CA SP ASTM Int Comm E05 DE Egress; Evacuation; Evacuation modeling; Fire safety; Human behavior ID FIRE; PEOPLE AB The time that it takes an occupant population to reach safety when descending a stairwell during building evacuations is typically estimated by measureable engineering variables such as stair geometry, speed, density, and pre-observation delay. In turn, engineering models of building evacuation use these variables to predict the performance of egress systems for building design, emergency planning, or event reconstruction. As part of a program to better understand occupant movement and behavior during building emergencies, the Engineering Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology has collected stair movement data during fire drill evacuations of office and residential buildings. These data collections are intended to provide a better understanding of this principal building egress feature and develop a technical foundation for future codes and standards requirements. Fire drill evacuation data has been collected in 14 buildings (11 office buildings and 3 residential buildings) ranging from six to 62 stories in height that included a range of stair widths and occupant densities. A total of more than 22,000 individual measurements are included in the data set. This paper provides details of the data collected and an analysis of the data. The intention is to better understand movement during stairwell evacuations and provide data to test the predictive capability of building egress models. While mean and standard deviation of the distribution of movement speeds in the current study of 0.44 m/s +/- 0.19 m/s are observed to be quite similar to the range of values in previous studies, mean local movement speeds as occupants traverse down the stairs are seen to vary widely within a given stairwell, ranging from 0.10 m/s +/- 0.008 m/s to 1.7 m/s +/- 0.13 m/s. These data provide confirmation of the adequacy of existing literature values typically used for occupant movement speeds and provide updated data for use in egress modeling or other engineering calculations. C1 [Peacock, R. D.; Reneke, P. A.; Kuligowski, E. D.; Hagwood, C. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Peacock, RD (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM richard.peacock@nist.gov FU GSA FX Continuing support for egress-related efforts at NIST is via internal funding. In addition, support is provided by other agencies of the U.S. Federal Government, most notably the Public Buildings Service of the U.S. General Services Administration (GSA). GSA has funded key data collection efforts reported as part of this report. The support by GSA is gratefully acknowledged along with special thanks to David Frable for his efforts and support. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 53 IS 2 BP 845 EP 871 DI 10.1007/s10694-016-0603-5 PG 27 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA EK1RB UT WOS:000393702300018 ER PT J AU Liu, H Karnauskas, M Zhang, XS Linton, B Porch, C AF Liu, Hui Karnauskas, Mandy Zhang, Xinsheng Linton, Brian Porch, Clay TI Forecasting dynamics of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in the US Gulf of Mexico SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Population dynamics; Stock structures; Nonlinear forecasting; Red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) ID TIME-SERIES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; FLUCTUATIONS; OPPORTUNITIES; MOVEMENT; PATTERNS AB Understanding dynamics and stock structures of fish is particularly relevant to assessments and management of marine living resources. Using the nonparametric, nonlinear time series (NLTS) approach, we modeled dynamics of red snapper (Lutjanus campechattus) represented by time series of two fisheries independent abundance indices and two fisheries-dependent abundance indices in the eastern and western portions of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico (Gulf). Further, we examined regional dynamics of red snapper in the two areas and explored the utility of NLTS models in generating short term forecasts. Overall, red snapper in the eastern Gulf and western Gulf displayed distinct patterns in terms of the Gulf-wide ecosystem indicators, which likely implies different underlying regional dynamics of the species. Moreover, dynamic features of red snapper differed between the two regions. Specifically, the system dimension (mean SE), i.e., the number of potential processes affecting the underlying dynamics of the species, was higher in the western Gulf (5.5 +/- 1,32) than in the eastern Gulf (3.75 +/- 1.44). The NLTS models exhibited significant skill (i.e., a measure of the goodness of fit (p) between observations and predictions) in forecasting red snapper abundance indices. The forecast skill (one year ahead) was 0.48 +/- 0.01 for indices representing the eastern Gulf and 0.33 +/- 0.05 for indices representing the western Gulf. The average dimension and forecast skill was 3 1 +/- .43 and 0.37 +/- 0.01 for fisheries-dependent indices, and 6.25 +/- 1.32 and 0.45 +/- 0.05 for fisheries-independent indices. These findings have implications for the Gulf red snapper fisheries in that the NLTS approach shows potential for forecasting stock abundance indices, and provides new information regarding the appropriate spatial scale for management of the species. Moreover, the ecosystem considerations in this study can be further explored to forecast the dynamics of red snapper for better assessments and management of the species. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Hui] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Karnauskas, Mandy; Porch, Clay] NOAA NMFS, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Xinsheng] NOAA NMFS, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Linton, Brian] NOAA NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Liu, H (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. EM liuh@tamug.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Fisheries and The Environment (FATE) program FX We thank all those who participated in the SEDAR (Southeast Data, Assessment and Review) process over many years. We thank Mike Fogarty, George Sugihara, John Walter and Chris Legault for valuable discussion on this study. This study was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Fisheries and The Environment (FATE) program. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 187 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.11.002 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EJ1WD UT WOS:000393000000004 ER PT J AU Dick, EJ Beyer, S Mangel, M Ralston, S AF Dick, E. J. Beyer, Sabrina Mangel, Marc Ralston, Stephen TI A meta-analysis of fecundity in rockfishes (genus Sebastes) SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fecundity; Sebastes Meta-analysis; Hierarchical models ID YELLOWTAIL ROCKFISH; RELATIVE FECUNDITY; STOCK ASSESSMENTS; LARVAL PRODUCTION; AGE; REPRODUCTION; PARTURITION; CALIFORNIA; SURVIVAL; MELANOPS AB Estimates of fecundity at size are a key component of age-structured population dynamics models such as those used for stock assessment purposes. Fecundity-length relationships for many exploited fish stocks are often poorly understood due to small sample sizes and high levels of intrinsic variability among individuals. Several species in the genus Sebastes match this description, and are important components of commercial and recreational fisheries off the U.S. West Coast. We used a hierarchical Bayesian modeling framework for simultaneous estimation of parameters in the fecundity-length relationships for 29 species of rockfish while accounting for variability within and among subgenera. Hierarchical models that account for subgeneric phylogenetic structure and variability among species outperformed models that treat all species in the genus as exchangeable or ignored variation among species within a subgenus, based on a predictive information criterion. Our results confirm that weight-specific fecundity increases with size in nearly all Sebastes species, and that the assumption of proportionality between mature female biomass and total egg production is inappropriate for most Sebastes stock assessments. Benefits of the hierarchical framework include prediction of fecundity-length parameters at the genus, subgenus, and species level, as well as predictive distributions for unobserved Sebastes species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dick, E. J.; Beyer, Sabrina; Ralston, Stephen] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Beyer, Sabrina] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Cooperat Inst Marine Ecosyst & Climate, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Mangel, Marc] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, Theoret Ecol Grp, N-9020 Bergen, Norway. RP Dick, EJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM edward.dick@noaa.gov FU NOAA Cooperative Institute [NA150AR4320071]; NSF [DEB 15-55729] FX We sincerely thank Dr. Raquel Prado (Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of California, Santa Cruz) who provided valuable advice on the implementation of hierarchical models while serving on the dissertation committee of Dr. Dick. The analyses in this paper would not have been possible without the generous assistance of several researchers who provided fecundity data. Specifically, we thank David Benet (University of California, Santa Cruz/NMFS), Daniel Cooper (NMFS), Don Gunderson (University of Washington), Dan Ito (NMFS), Neosha Kashef (University of California, Santa Cruz/NMFS), Lisa Lacko (Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada), Milton Love (University of California, Santa Barbara), Bruce MacFarlane (NMFS), Dan Nichols (NMFS), Laura Richards (Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada), Katherine Schmidt (California State University/NMFS), Susan Sogard (NMFS), David Stafford (University of California, Santa Cruz/NMFS), Rick Stanley (Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada), Farron Wallace (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife), and Lynn Yamanaka (Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada). We would also like to thank Susan Sogard and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the draft manuscript. SB was partially supported by NOAA Cooperative Institute Award NA150AR4320071. MM was partially supported by NSF grant DEB 15-55729. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 187 BP 73 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.11.009 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EJ1WD UT WOS:000393000000009 ER PT J AU Rodgveller, CJ Tribuzio, CA Malecha, PW Lunsford, CR AF Rodgveller, Cara J. Tribuzio, Cindy A. Malecha, Patrick W. Lunsford, Chris R. TI Feasibility of using pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) to monitor vertical movement of a Sebastes: A case study SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Deepwater; Tagging; Movement; Rockfish ID DISCARDED YELLOWEYE ROCKFISH; BLACK ROCKFISH; SITE FIDELITY; BAROTRAUMA; COAST AB Pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) were deployed on eight blackspotted rockfish (Sebastes melanostictus) (37-54 cm fork length) caught in southeast Alaska at depths from 148 to 198 m. Six of these fish were tagged and released immediately after capture in a commercially available inverted, weighted crab ring, descended quickly to what was assumed to be the seafloor, and remained at that depth until the PSATs released early (after 12-14 days). The remaining two fish were held in a laboratory after capture, one for 8 months and one for 46 months, and were then released at the surface nearby the capture site. One of these two tags released after 12 days while the tag deployed on a 37 cm fish was retained for 190 days. Both fish moved to deeper depths initially and then moved back to more shallow depths, indicating that rockfish may require time to acclimate to increased pressure if the swim bladder is not currently ruptured. For the tag that was retained for 190 days, we identified six phases of vertical movement behavior. During the longest phase (122 days) the fish made rapid descents, sometimes in less than 15 min, which were deeper during the day and during high-tide, but more frequent at night. During some of the shorter phases (lasting from 8 to 28 days) the fish was more sedentary or was deeper at night. Our results show that it is possible to tag a deepwater rockfish with a PSAT. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rodgveller, Cara J.; Tribuzio, Cindy A.; Malecha, Patrick W.; Lunsford, Chris R.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Rodgveller, CJ (reprint author), Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM cara.rodgveller@noaa.gov; cindy.tribuzio@noaa.gov; pat.malecha@noaa.gov; chris.lunsford@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 187 BP 96 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.11.012 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EJ1WD UT WOS:000393000000011 ER PT J AU Wetzel, CR Punt, A AF Wetzel, Chantel R. Punt, Andre TI The performance and trade-offs of alternative harvest control rules to meet management goals for US west coast flatfish stocks SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Management strategy evaluation; Harvest control rules; Simulation; US west coast ID FISHERIES-MANAGEMENT; ASSESSMENT MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GROUNDFISH; STRATEGIES; RECRUITMENT; YIELD; FISH; MSY AB U.S. federal fisheries managers are mandated to obtain optimum yield while preventing overfishing. However, optimum yield is not well defined and the concept of maximum sustainable yield (MSY) has often been applied to provide an upper bound for the optimum yield value, but determining the MSY, identifying the relative biomass that produces MSY and the associated fishing rate required (FMsy) is difficult. The Pacific Fishery Management Council, which manages groundfish stocks off the U.S. west coast, has employed proxy targets in lieu of species-specific estimates of MSY, Bmsy, and Fmsy. The proxy targets are life history specific, with flatfish stocks managed using a target BPROXY of 0.25 of unfished biomass and a harvest control rule that applies an exploitation rate equal to a spawner-per-recruit harvest rate of F0.30, with a linear reduction of catch to zero if the stock falls below 5% of unfished biomass (Bum). A management strategy evaluation was performed to explore the performance of the current harvest control rule applied to flatfish stocks to meet management goals, along with alternative harvest control rules that explore varying the values for BPROXY, BUNT. and FspR. Each of the harvest control rules explored maintained stocks at or near BpRoxy when stock-recruit steepness was 0.85 or greater, with very low probabilities of reducing relative biomass below a minimum stock size threshold (set at 0.50 BPROXY of each harvest control rule). The most aggressive harvest control rule, which applied a BpRoxy of 0.20 and a target harvest rate of F025, led to fishing rates that exceeded the operating model Fmsy values for low steepness (0.75), reducing the stock below BPROXY with catches exceeding MSY. Trade-offs exist among alternative harvest control rules where the more aggressive harvest control rules resulted in higher average catches, but with an increase in the average annual variation in catches and a decrease probability of the relative biomass being with 10% of the BpRoxy. The trade-offs among the performance metrics and alternative harvest control rules coupled with the risk to the resource across a range of life histories should be carefully considered by fishery managers when selecting a harvest control rule that will meet the goals of management. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wetzel, Chantel R.] NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Wetzel, Chantel R.; Punt, Andre] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wetzel, CR (reprint author), NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Chantel.Wetzel@noaa.gov FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148] FX This paper benefited greatly from comments by Ian Stewart (IPHC) and Ian Taylor (NWFSC). Additionally, feedback from Brad Pettinger (Oregon Trawl Commission) and Owen Hamel (NWFSC) was instrumental in the development and analysis of this work. AEP was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative agreement No. NA10OAR4320148. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 187 BP 139 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.11.019 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EJ1WD UT WOS:000393000000016 ER PT J AU Krueger, KL Bottom, DL Hood, WG Johnson, GE Jones, KK Thom, RM AF Krueger, Kirk L. Bottom, Daniel L. Hood, W. Gregory Johnson, Gary E. Jones, Kim K. Thom, Ronald M. TI An expert panel process to evaluate habitat restoration actions in the Columbia River estuary SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Expert panel; Ecosystem restoration; Habitat restoration; Survival benefit; Juvenile salmon ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; DECISION-MAKING; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; MARSH RESTORATION; WATER HABITATS; LOTIC SYSTEMS; COHO SALMON; INDICATORS; CRITERIA; MANAGEMENT AB We describe a process for evaluating proposed ecosystem restoration projects intended to improve survival of juvenile salmon in the Columbia River estuary (CRE). Changes in the Columbia River basin (northwestern USA), including hydropower development, have contributed to the listing of 13 salmon stocks as endangered or threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Habitat restoration in the CRE, from Bonneville Dam to the ocean, is part of a basin-wide, legally mandated effort to mitigate federal hydropower impacts on salmon survival. An Expert Regional Technical Group (ERTG) was established in 2009 to improve and implement a process for assessing and assigning "survival benefit units" (SBUs) to restoration actions. The SBU concept assumes site-specific restoration projects will increase juvenile salmon survival during migration through the 234 km CRE. Assigned SBUs are used to inform selection of restoration projects and gauge mitigation progress. The ERTG standardized the SBU assessment process to improve its scientific integrity, repeatability, and transparency. In lieu of experimental data to quantify the survival benefits of individual restoration actions, the ERTG adopted a conceptual model composed of three assessment criteria-certainty of success, fish opportunity improvements, and habitat capacity improvements-to evaluate restoration projects. Based on these criteria, an algorithm assigned SBUs by integrating potential fish density as an indicator of salmon performance. Between 2009 and 2014, the ERTG assessed SBUs for 55 proposed projects involving a total of 181 restoration actions located across 8 of 9 reaches of the CRE, largely relying on information provided in a project template based on the conceptual model, presentations, discussions with project sponsors, and site visits. Most projects restored tidal inundation to emergent wetlands, improved riparian function, and removed invasive vegetation. The scientific relationship of geomorphic and salmonid responses to restoration actions remains the foremost concern. Although not designed to establish a broad strategy for estuary restoration, the scoring process has adaptively influenced the types, designs, and locations of restoration proposals. The ERTG process may be a useful model for others who have unique ecosystem restoration goals and share some of our common challenges. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Krueger, Kirk L.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 1111 Washington St SE, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Bottom, Daniel L.] US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hood, W. Gregory] Skagit River Syst Cooperat, POB 368, Laconner, WA 98257 USA. [Johnson, Gary E.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, 620 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97204 USA. [Jones, Kim K.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, 28655 Hwy 34, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Thom, Ronald M.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, 1529 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Krueger, KL (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 1111 Washington St SE, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM kirk.krueger@dfw.wa.gov; dan.bottom@gmail.com; ghood@skagitcoop.org; garyjohnson@pnnl.gov; kim.jones@oregonstate.edu; ron.thom@pnnl.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration; National Marine Fisheries Service; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife FX Support for the ERTG is provided by the Bonneville Power Administration, the National Marine Fisheries Service, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Policy guidance, oversight, and technical input are provided by the ERTG Steering Committee: Blaine Ebberts (co-lead, USACE), Jason Karnezis (co-lead, BPA), and Lynne Krasnow (co-lead, NMFS), with contributions from Chris Read (BPA), Robert Rose (USACE), Cindy Studebaker (USACE), and others. Phil Trask (PC Trask and Associates, Inc.) provides interpretation of the BA method and technical support. Ed Casillas (ex-ERTG scientist, NMFS retired), Cathy Tortorici (NMFS), Ben Zelinsky (BPA), and Tracey Yerxa (BPA) helped develop the ERTG process. The Independent Scientific Advisory Board of the Northwest Power and Conservation Council provided a useful review of the ERTG process. We thank Susan Ennor for technical editing, Nathan Johnson and Andre Coleman for assistance with figures, and four anonymous reviewers who substantially improved the manuscript. We especially appreciate the project sponsors, who are the heart of the ERTG process. NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 22 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2017 VL 188 BP 337 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.11.028 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EJ5LZ UT WOS:000393260900034 PM 28006743 ER PT J AU Sanford, NA Blanchard, PT White, R Vissers, MR Diercks, DR Davydov, AV Pappas, DP AF Sanford, N. A. Blanchard, P. T. White, R. Vissers, M. R. Diercks, D. R. Davydov, A. V. Pappas, D. P. TI Laser-assisted atom probe tomography of Ti/TiN films deposited on Si SO MICRON LA English DT Article ID SPECIMEN PREPARATION; TITANIUM; HYDROGEN; NIOBIUM AB Laser-assisted atom probe tomography (L-APT) was used to examine superconducting TiN/Ti/TiN trilayer films with nominal respective thicknesses of 5/5/5 (nm). Such materials are of interest for applications that require large arrays of microwave kinetic inductance detectors. The trilayers were deposited on Si substrates by reactive sputtering. Electron energy loss microscopy performed in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM/EELS) was used to corroborate the L-APT results and establish the overall thicknesses of the trilayers. Three separate batches were studied where the first (bottom) TiN layer was deposited at 500 degrees C (for all batches) and the subsequent TiN/Ti bilayer was deposited at ambient temperature, 250 degrees C, and 500 degrees C, respectively. L-APT rendered an approximately planar TiN/Si interface by making use of plausible mass-spectral assignments to N-3(1+), SiN1+, and SiO1+. This was necessary since ambiguities associated with the likely simultaneous occurrence of SP1+ and N-2(1+) prevented their use in rendering the TiN/Si interface upon reconstruction. The non-superconducting Ti2N phase was also revealed by L-APT. Neither L-APT nor STEM/EELS rendered sharp Ti/TiN interfaces and the contrast between these layers diminished with increased film deposition temperature. L-APT also revealed that hydrogen was present in varying degrees in all samples including control samples that were composed of single layers of Ti or TiN. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sanford, N. A.; Blanchard, P. T.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Div 686,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [White, R.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div 647,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Vissers, M. R.; Pappas, D. P.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Div 687,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Diercks, D. R.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Davydov, A. V.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div 642,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sanford, NA (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Div 686,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sanford@boulder.nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; Colorado School of Mines FX We gratefully acknowledge useful discussions with Ann Chiaramonti Debay. This work received support from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The contribution of D. R. Diercks was supported by the Colorado School of Mines. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-4328 J9 MICRON JI Micron PD MAR PY 2017 VL 94 BP 53 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.micron.2016.12.001 PG 13 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA EJ5HB UT WOS:000393247300007 PM 28063337 ER PT J AU Speicher, MS DesRoches, R Leon, RT AF Speicher, Matthew S. DesRoches, Reginald Leon, Roberto T. TI Investigation of an articulated quadrilateral bracing system utilizing shape memory alloys SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Shape memory alloys; NiTi; Recentering; Seismic retrofit; Braced frame; Tension bracing ID BEAM-COLUMN CONNECTION; BRACED FRAMES; STEEL FRAMES; BEHAVIOR; VALIDATION; EARTHQUAKE; BUILDINGS; DESIGN; NITI AB A shape memory alloy based articulated quadrilateral bracing system is developed and experimentally tested for seismic resisting applications. The articulated quadrilateral arrangement provides a scalable, reconfigurable, convenient means of combining nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires and energy dissipating elements. This Configuration creates a system with an adjustable amount of recentering and damping, which could potentially be used in a wide variety of new and existing buildings. For these prototype tests, NiTi wire bundles were combined with long C-shaped dampers to create a system with a good balance of recentering and energy dissipation. The system was subjected to cyclic loading to assess the behavior. The system maintained strength, ductility, and recentering after being cycled to 2% drift, which is a typical maximum in structural systems if non-structural elements are to be preserved. An analytical case study demonstrated that shape memory alloy systems tend to distribute the deformation more evenly over the height of the structure compared to traditional systems, which is a desirable seismic performance characteristic. It is envisioned that, by Using the same basic bracing setup, a wide range of force deformation responses can be at an engineer's disposal. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Speicher, Matthew S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [DesRoches, Reginald] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 790 Atlantic Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Leon, Roberto T.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Speicher, Matthew S.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM matthew.speicher@nist.gov; reginald.desroches@ce.gatech.edu; rleon@vt.edu NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-974X EI 1873-5983 J9 J CONSTR STEEL RES JI J. Constr. Steel. Res. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 130 BP 65 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.jcsr.2016.11.022 PG 14 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA EI7JZ UT WOS:000392675300006 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, L Parmeter, CF Agars, J AF Fitzpatrick, Luke Parmeter, Christopher F. Agars, Juan TI Threshold Effects in Meta-Analyses With Application to Benefit Transfer for Coral Reef Valuation SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Meta-regression model; Convergent validity; Threshold; Contingent valuation ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CONVERGENT VALIDITY; UNITED-STATES; QUALITY; COVER; IMPROVEMENTS; ECONOMICS; PARK AB Policymakers and advocates often use benefit transfers to estimate the economic value of environmental amenities when primary valuation studies are infeasible. Benefit transfers based on meta-analyses, which synthesize site and methodological characteristics from valuation studies of similar underlying amenities, generally outperform traditional site-to-site transfers. We build on earlier meta-analyses of willingness-to pay for tropical coral reef recreation by introducing a meta-regression model with threshold effects, with a goal of increasing transfer reliability. We estimate a threshold in coral reef quality and find that increases in live coral cover have a large impact on individuals' WTP for recreation at degraded coral reefs. Relaxing the assumption of users' constant valuation across the distribution of this characteristic improves the performance of coral reef benefit transfers in some instances: tests of convergent validity reveal that including the threshold effect reduces the mean transfer error and the interquartile range of transfer errors-in 5 out of 8 tests. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fitzpatrick, Luke] Ohio Univ, Dept Econ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Parmeter, Christopher F.] Univ Miami, Dept Econ, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Agars, Juan] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Coral Gables, FL USA. RP Parmeter, CF (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Econ, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM fltzpatl@ohio.edu; cparmeter@bus.miami.edu; juan.agar@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Office of Science and Technology [EA-133F-14-BA-0013] FX We would like to thank two anonymous referees, Peter Edwards and Robert Johnston for useful comments and suggestions. We also gratefully acknowledge Robert Johnston for providing the metadata. The support of NOAA's Office of Science and Technology (EA-133F-14-BA-0013, Call No. 27 / 209574) is gratefully acknowledged. The views and opinions expressed or implied in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOM. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 EI 1873-6106 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 133 BP 74 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.11.015 PG 12 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA EH8RI UT WOS:000392039600008 ER PT J AU Argyle, EM Gourley, JJ Ling, C Shehab, RL Kang, Z AF Argyle, Elizabeth M. Gourley, Jonathan J. Ling, Chen Shehab, Randa L. Kang, Ziho TI Effects of display design on signal detection in flash flood forecasting SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Data aggregation; Visualization; Weather forecasting; Flash flooding; Human factors; Decision making; Signal detection; Situation awareness ID SITUATION AWARENESS; DECISION-MAKING; SYSTEMS; INFORMATION; COMPLEX AB The Flooded Locations and Simulated Hydrographs (FLASH) project is a suite of tools that use weather radar-based rainfall estimates to force hydrologic models to predict flash floods in real-time. However, early evaluation of FLASH tools in a series of simulated forecasting operations, it was believed that the data aggregation and visualization methods might have contributed to forecasting a large number of false alarms. The present study addresses the question of how two alternative data aggregation and visualization methods affect signal detection of flash floods. A sample of 30 participants viewed a series of stimuli created from FLASH images and were asked to judge whether or not they predicted significant or insignificant amounts of flash flooding. Analyses revealed that choice of aggregation method did affect probability of detection. Additional visual indicators such as geographic scale of the stimuli and threat level affected the odds of interpreting the model predictions correctly as well as congruence in responses between national and local scale model outputs. C1 [Argyle, Elizabeth M.; Shehab, Randa L.; Kang, Ziho] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, 202 W Boyd St,Room 124, Norman, OK 73079 USA. [Argyle, Elizabeth M.; Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Argyle, Elizabeth M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 2100, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Ling, Chen] Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Argyle, EM (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Inst Aerosp Technol, Ctr Aerosp Technol, Nottingham NG7 2TU, England. EM elizabeth.argyle@nottingham.ac.uk FU NOAA/OAR/Office of Weather and Air Quality (OWAQ) under the NOAA cooperative agreement [NA11OAR4320072] FX The authors would like to thank Zachary Flamig for assistance when developing the experimental stimuli and for technical support when working with the FLASH suite of products. Funding for this research was provided by NOAA/OAR/Office of Weather and Air Quality (OWAQ) under the NOAA cooperative agreement, NA11OAR4320072. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1071-5819 EI 1095-9300 J9 INT J HUM-COMPUT ST JI Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 99 BP 48 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.11.004 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA EH8QZ UT WOS:000392038700004 ER PT J AU Rukhin, AL AF Rukhin, A. L. TI Objective Bayes models for compatibility assessment and bias estimation SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE LA English DT Article DE Behrens-Fisher problem; Credible intervals; Jeffreys prior; Higher order asymptotics; Probability matching; Reference prior; Strong matching ID FREQUENTIST INFERENCE; REFERENCE PRIORS; LIKELIHOOD AB The paper derives a class of non-informative, probability matching priors and of default, data-dependent priors for the difference in two normal means when the variance(s) are unknown. These distributions are useful to get a Bayesian model in the situation where one has to assess compatibility of data obtained by a laboratory with the specified values and uncertainty estimate given in the certificate of analysis. The latter is then interpreted as the parameter assignment for measurand's normal distribution. The Bayes rules arising from these prior distributions are compared via the frequentist coverage probability of corresponding credible intervals for lab's bias. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rukhin, A. L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rukhin, AL (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.rukhin@nist.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3758 EI 1873-1171 J9 J STAT PLAN INFER JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer. PD MAR PY 2017 VL 182 BP 74 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.jspi.2016.09.006 PG 14 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA ED9EV UT WOS:000389173900006 ER PT J AU Ordonez, C Barriopedro, D Garcia-Herrera, R Sousa, PM Schnell, JL AF Ordonez, Carlos Barriopedro, David Garcia-Herrera, Ricardo Sousa, Pedro M. Schnell, Jordan L. TI Regional responses of surface ozone in Europe to the location of high-latitude blocks and subtropical ridges SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE BLOCKING; SOUTHEAST UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; TROPOSPHERIC-OZONE; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HEAT-WAVE; PO BASIN; MEDITERRANEAN BASIN AB This paper analyses for the first time the impact of high-latitude blocks and subtropical ridges on near-surface ozone (O-3) in Europe during a 15-year period. For this purpose, a catalogue of blocks and ridges over the Euro-Atlantic region is used together with a gridded dataset of maximum daily 8 h running average ozone (MDA8 O-3) covering the period 1998-2012. The response of ozone to the location of blocks and ridges with centres in three longitudinal sectors (Atlantic, ATL, 30-0 degrees W; European, EUR, 0-30 degrees E; Russian, RUS, 30-60 degrees E) is examined. The impact of blocks on ozone is regionally and seasonally dependent. In particular, blocks within the EUR sector yield positive ozone anomalies of similar to 5-10 ppb over large parts of central Europe in spring and northern Europe in summer. Over 20 and 30% of the days with blocks in that sector register exceedances of the 90th percentile of the seasonal ozone distribution at many European locations during spring and summer, respectively. The impacts of ridges during those seasons are subtle and more sensitive to their specific location, although they can trigger ozone anomalies above 10 ppb in northern Italy and the surrounding countries in summer, eventually exceeding European air quality (AQ) targets. During winter, surface ozone in the north-west of Europe presents completely opposite responses to blocks and ridges. The anticyclonic circulation associated with winter EUR blocking, and to a lesser extent with ATL blocking, yields negative ozone anomalies between 5 and 10 ppb over the UK, northern France and the Benelux. Conversely, the enhanced zonal flow around 50-60 degrees N during the occurrence of ATL ridges favours the arrival of background air masses from the Atlantic and the ventilation of the boundary layer, producing positive ozone anomalies of similar to 5 ppb in an area spanning from the British Isles to the northern half of Germany. We also show that multiple linear models on the seasonal frequency of occurrence of these synoptic patterns can explain a considerable fraction of the interannual variability in some winter and summer ozone statistics (mean levels and number of exceedances of the 90th percentile) over some regions of western Europe. Thus, this work provides the first quantitative assessments of the remarkable but distinct impacts that the anticyclonic circulation and the diversion of the zonal flow associated with blocks and ridges exert on surface ozone in Europe. The findings reported here can be exploited in the future to evaluate the modelled responses of ozone to circulation changes within chemical transport models (CTMs) and chemistry-climate models (CCMs). C1 [Ordonez, Carlos; Barriopedro, David; Garcia-Herrera, Ricardo] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Fis, Dept Fis Tierra 2, Madrid 28040, Spain. [Barriopedro, David; Garcia-Herrera, Ricardo] IGEO, CSIC UCM, Madrid, Spain. [Sousa, Pedro M.] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Inst Dum Luiz, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Schnell, Jordan L.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Schnell, Jordan L.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Ordonez, C (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Fis, Dept Fis Tierra 2, Madrid 28040, Spain. EM carlordo@ucm.es OI Ordonez, Carlos/0000-0003-2990-0195 FU Ramon y Cajal Programme of the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [RYC-2014-15036] FX Carlos Ordonez acknowledges funding from the Ramon y Cajal Programme of the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad under grant RYC-2014-15036. NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 28 PY 2017 VL 17 IS 4 BP 3111 EP 3131 DI 10.5194/acp-17-3111-2017 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM2LM UT WOS:000395147600007 ER PT J AU Sundararaman, R Schwarz, K AF Sundararaman, Ravishankar Schwarz, Kathleen TI Evaluating continuum solvation models for the electrode-electrolyte interface: Challenges and strategies for improvement SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REDUCTION; OXIDATION; WATER; LAYER AB Ab initio modeling of electrochemical systems is becoming a key tool for understanding and predicting electrochemical behavior. Development and careful benchmarking of computational electrochemical methods are essential to ensure their accuracy. Here, using charging curves for an electrode in the presence of an inert aqueous electrolyte, we demonstrate that most continuum models, which are parameterized and benchmarked for molecules, anions, and cations in solution, undersolvate metal surfaces, and underestimate the surface charge as a function of applied potential. We examine features of the electrolyte and interface that are captured by these models and identify improvements necessary for realistic electrochemical calculations of metal surfaces. Finally, we reparameterize popular solvation models using the surface charge of Ag(100) as a function of voltage to find improved accuracy for metal surfaces without significant change in utility for molecular and ionic solvation. C1 [Sundararaman, Ravishankar] Rensselaer Polytechn Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 110 8th St, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Schwarz, Kathleen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schwarz, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kas4@nist.gov OI Sundararaman, Ravishankar/0000-0002-0625-4592; Schwarz, Kathleen/0000-0002-1539-4511 NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 28 PY 2017 VL 146 IS 8 AR 084111 DI 10.1063/1.4976971 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA EN3IA UT WOS:000395901000015 PM 28249432 ER PT J AU Wiener, CG Wang, C Liu, Y Weiss, RA Vogt, BD AF Wiener, Clinton G. Wang, Chao Liu, Yun Weiss, R. A. Vogt, Bryan D. TI Nanostructure Evolution during Relaxation from a Large Step Strain in a Supramolecular Copolymer-Based Hydrogel: A SANS Investigation SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DOUBLE-NETWORK HYDROGELS; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER; TOUGH HYDROGEL; GELS; ELONGATION; PROGRESS AB The nanostructure changes associated with stress dissipation in a tough, supramolecular hydrogel were determined by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and compared with stress-relaxation measurements to understand the molecular origin of the toughness. The hydrogels were formed from random copolymers of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and 2-(N-ethylperfluorooctane sulfonamido)ethyl acrylate (FOSA), which exhibit a microphase-separated morphology with physical cross-links formed by the FOSA nanodomains connected by DMA chains. The stress relaxation behavior following a step strain was fit using seven exponentials with relaxation times that spanned 5 orders of magnitude. The deformation and relaxation of the FOSA nanodomains and network chains were independently resolved using two different contrasts with SANS experiments. Stretching of the hydrogel produced anisotropic scattering at both contrasts examined. The DMA network chains relaxed to an isotropic state at a fast rate that corresponded to the shorter stress relaxation time, while the nanodomain structure relaxed slower and did not fully relax after 7 h. These SANS measurements provide correlations between relaxations at the macroscopic (stress) and microscopic (network chains and nanodomains) scales. C1 [Wiener, Clinton G.; Wang, Chao; Weiss, R. A.; Vogt, Bryan D.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Weiss, RA; Vogt, BD (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM rweiss@uakron.edu; vogt@uakron.edu RI Vogt, Bryan/H-1986-2012 OI Vogt, Bryan/0000-0003-1916-7145 FU Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation (CMMI) Division in the Directorate for Engineering of the National Science Foundation [CMMI-1300212]; Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental and Transport Systems (CBET) Division in the Directorate for Engineering of the National Science Foundation [CBET-1606685]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1508249] FX This work was partially financially supported by the Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation (CMMI) Division in the Directorate for Engineering of the National Science Foundation, grant CMMI-1300212, and the Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental and Transport Systems (CBET) Division in the Directorate for Engineering of the National Science Foundation, grant CBET-1606685. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-1508249. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the especially thank Cedric Gagnon (NIST) for his help with setup and configuration of the in situ SANS measurements. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD FEB 28 PY 2017 VL 50 IS 4 BP 1672 EP 1680 DI 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02680 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA EM5NO UT WOS:000395358500039 ER PT J AU Grobner, M Weinmann, P Kirilov, E Nagerl, HC Julienne, PS Le Sueur, CR Hutson, JM AF Groebner, Michael Weinmann, Philipp Kirilov, Emil Naegerl, Hanns-Christoph Julienne, Paul S. Le Sueur, C. Ruth Hutson, Jeremy M. TI Observation of interspecies Feshbach resonances in an ultracold K-39-Cs-133 mixture and refinement of interaction potentials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; LOG-DERIVATIVE METHOD; QUANTUM GAS; POLAR-MOLECULES; FERMI GAS; ATOMS; SCATTERING; CESIUM; STATES; PHASE AB We observe interspecies Feshbach resonances due to s-wave bound states in ultracold K-39-Cs-133 scattering for three different spin mixtures. The resonances are observed as joint atom loss and heating of the K sample. We perform least-squares fits to obtain improved K-Cs interaction potentials that reproduce the observed resonances, and carry out coupled-channel calculations to characterize the scattering and bound-state properties for K-39-Cs, K-40-Cs, and K-41-Cs. Our results open up the possibilities of tuning interactions in K-Cs atomic mixtures and of producing ultracold KCs molecules. C1 [Groebner, Michael; Kirilov, Emil; Naegerl, Hanns-Christoph] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Groebner, Michael; Kirilov, Emil; Naegerl, Hanns-Christoph] Univ Innsbruck, Zentrum Quantenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Weinmann, Philipp] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantenopt & Quanteninformat IQOQI, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Le Sueur, C. Ruth; Hutson, Jeremy M.] Univ Durham, Dept Chem, Joint Quantum Ctr JQC Durham Newcastle, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Grobner, M (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.; Grobner, M (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Zentrum Quantenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RI Naegerl, Hanns-Christoph/E-7329-2010 OI Naegerl, Hanns-Christoph/0000-0002-7789-4431 FU European Research Council (ERC) [278417]; Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) (Austrian-French FWF-ANR) [I1789- N20, P29602- N36]; UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/N007085/1] FX We are indebted to R. Grimm for generous support. We thank G. Anich, K. Jag-Lauber, F. Meinert, and G. Unnikrishnan for fruitful discussions. We gratefully acknowledge funding by the European Research Council (ERC) under Project No. 278417; by the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) under Project No. I1789-N20 (joint Austrian-French FWF-ANR project) and under Project No. P29602-N36; and by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council under Grant No. EP/N007085/1. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 28 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 2 AR 022715 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.95.022715 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA EN4LV UT WOS:000395979900007 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, JL Kelly, RP Shelton, AO Samhouri, JF Lowell, NC Williams, GD AF O'Donnell, James L. Kelly, Ryan P. Shelton, Andrew Olaf Samhouri, Jameal F. Lowell, Natalie C. Williams, Gregory D. TI Spatial distribution of environmental DNA in a nearshore marine habitat SO PEERJ LA English DT Article DE Marine; Metabarcoding; Metagenomics; Estuarine; Molecular ecology; Environmental monitoring ID BETA-DIVERSITY; VERMETID GASTROPOD; DISTANCE-DECAY; COMMUNITIES; QUANTIFICATION; REPRODUCTION; BIODIVERSITY; TEMPERATURE; ECOSYSTEMS; SIMILARITY AB In the face of increasing threats to biodiyersity, the e advancement of methods for surveying biological communities is a major priority for ecologists. Recent advances inmniecniar hiniogicaiiechnui gieshavemadeit Possible to detect and sequence DNA from environmental samples (environmental DNA or eDNA); however,eDNA techniques have not yet seen widespread adoption as a routine method for biological surveillance primarily due to gaps in our understanding of the dynanics of eDNA in space and time. In order to identify the effective spatial scale of this approach in a dynamic marine environment,we collected marine surface water samples from transects ranging from the intertidal zone to four kilometers from shore. Using PCR primers that target a diverse assemblage of metazoans, we amplified a region f mitchondrial 16S rDNA from the samples and sequenced the products on an Illumina platform in order to detect communities and quantify their spatial patterns using a variety of statistical tools. We find evidence for multiple,discrete eDNA communities in this habitat, and show that these communities decrease in similarity as they become further apart.Offshore communities tend to be richer but less even than those inshore, ' though diversity was not spatially autocorrelated. Taxon-specific relative abundance coincided with our expectations of spatial distribuion in taxa lacking a microscopic, pelagic life-history stage,though most of the taxa detected do not meet these criteria. FinallY,we use carefully replicated laboratory Procedures to show that laboratory treatments were remarkably similar in most cases, while allowing us to detect a faulty replicate, emphasizing the importance of replication to metabarcoding studies. While there is much work to be done before eDNA techniques can be confidently deployed as a standard method for ecological monitoring,this study serves as a first analysis of diversity at the fine spatial scales relevant to marine ecologists and confirms the promise of eDNA in dynamic environments. C1 [O'Donnell, James L.; Kelly, Ryan P.; Lowell, Natalie C.] Univ Washington, Sch Marine & Environm Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Shelton, Andrew Olaf] Earth Resource Technol Inc, Seattle, WA USA. [Samhouri, Jameal F.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Lowell, Natalie C.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Williams, Gregory D.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Seattle, WA USA. RP O'Donnell, JL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Marine & Environm Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jimmyod@uw.edu FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation [2014-39827] FX This work was supported by a grant from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation to RPK (grant 2014-39827). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU PEERJ INC PI LONDON PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND SN 2167-8359 J9 PEERJ JI PeerJ PD FEB 28 PY 2017 VL 5 AR e3044 DI 10.7717/peerj.3044 PG 24 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EO7WZ UT WOS:000396902100014 PM 28265513 ER PT J AU Chen, CH Lin, C Chen, WH Matsuo, T AF Chen, Chia-Hung Lin, Charles Chen, Wei-Han Matsuo, Tomoko TI Modeling the ionospheric prereversal enhancement by using coupled thermosphere-ionosphere data assimilation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID KALMAN FILTER; DRIFTS; ELECTRODYNAMICS; SPECIFICATION; SIMULATION AB We report that assimilating total electron content (TEC) into a coupled thermosphere-ionosphere model by using the ensemble Kalman filter results in improved specification and forecast of eastward prereversal enhancement (PRE) electric field (E field). Through data assimilation, the ionospheric plasma density, thermospheric winds, temperature, and compositions are adjusted simultaneously. The improvement of duskside PRE E field calculation over the prior state is achieved primarily by intensification of eastward neutral wind. The improved E field calculation promotes a stronger plasma fountain and deepens the equatorial trough. As a result, the horizontal gradients of Pedersen conductivity and eastward wind are increased due to greater zonal electron density gradient and smaller ion drag at dusk, respectively. Such modifications provide preferable conditions and obtain a strengthened PRE magnitude closer to the observation. The adjustment of PRE E field is enabled through self-consistent thermosphere and ionosphere coupling processes captured in the model. This study suggests that the PRE E field that is critical in driving the evening equatorial plasma instability could be better forecasted by assimilation of TECs in the 10 min cycling. C1 [Chen, Chia-Hung; Lin, Charles; Chen, Wei-Han] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan, Taiwan. [Matsuo, Tomoko] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matsuo, Tomoko] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lin, C (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan, Taiwan. EM charles@mail.ncku.edu.tw OI Lin, Charles C. H./0000-0001-8955-8753 FU Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST); National Space Organization (NSPO) of Taiwan to National Cheng Kung University [MOST-103-2111-M006-003-MY3, 105-2111-M-006-003, 105-2111-M-006-008, 105-2119-M-006025, NSPO-S-105120]; NASA [NNX14A117G]; AFOSR [FA9550-13-1-0058] FX This paper is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) and the National Space Organization (NSPO) of Taiwan to National Cheng Kung University under MOST-103-2111-M006-003-MY3, 105-2111-M-006-003, 105-2111-M-006-008, 105-2119-M-006025, and NSPO-S-105120. T.M. is supported by NASA award NNX14A117G and AFOSR award FA9550-13-1-0058. The source code for the assimilation system and the simulation model used in this study, the DART and TIEGCM, are available at http://www.image.ucar. edu/DAReS/DART/and http://www.hao. ucar.edu/modeling/tgcm/, respectively. The observation data from ground based GPS receivers are available at IGS (https://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov/components/ data.html). The authors are grateful for the NCAR High Altitude Observatory and Data Assimilation Research Section for their support of TIEGCM and DART software. The authors gratefully acknowledge the constructive comments given by the two anonymous reviewers. Charles Lin thanks Arthur D. Richmond for the useful discussion on the updated mechanisms of prereversal enhancement during the manuscript preparations. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2017 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1652 EP 1659 DI 10.1002/2016GL071812 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EO0TO UT WOS:000396411100005 ER PT J AU McClatchie, S Hendy, IL Thompson, AR Watson, W AF McClatchie, S. Hendy, I. L. Thompson, A. R. Watson, W. TI Collapse and recovery of forage fish populations prior to commercial exploitation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; CALIFORNIA SEA LIONS; PACIFIC; SARDINE; SEDIMENTS; ECOSYSTEM; HISTORY; BIOMASS; CATCH AB We use a new, well-calibrated 500 year paleorecord off southern California to determine collapse frequency, cross correlation, persistence, and return times of exploited forage fish populations. The paleorecord shows that "collapse" (defined as <10% of the mean peak biomass) is a normal state repeatedly experienced by northern anchovy, Pacific hake, and Pacific sardine which were collapsed 29-40% of the time, prior to commercial fishing exploitation. Mean (+/- SD) persistence of "fishable biomass" (defined as one third mean peak biomass from the paleorecord) was 19 +/- 18, 15 +/- 17, and 12 +/- 7 years for anchovy, hake, and sardine. Mean return times to the same biomass was 8 years for anchovy but 22 years for sardine and hake. Further, we find that sardine and anchovy are positively correlated over 400 years, consistent with coherent declines of both species off California. Persistence and return times combined with positive sardine-anchovy correlation indicate that on average 1-2 decades of fishable biomass will be followed by 1-2 decades of low forage. Forage populations are resilient on the 500 year time scale, but their collapse and recovery cycle (based on the paleorecord) are suited to alternating periods of high fishing mortality and periods of little or no fishing. C1 [McClatchie, S.; Thompson, A. R.; Watson, W.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Hendy, I. L.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP McClatchie, S (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Sam.McClatchie@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); NOAA Fisheries; NSF [OCE-0752093] FX S.McC. conceived the study, performed analyses, and wrote the paper. I.L.H. provided collected core samples, made the paleoceanographic data available and contributed to writing. A.R.T. contributed to analyses, graphics, and writing. W.W. identified the fish larvae samples and contributed to writing. The authors declare no competing financial interests. Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CaICOFI) program, the NOAA Fisheries And The Environment (FATE) program to S.McC., and by NSF grant OCE-0752093 to I.L.H. We are grateful to Kevin Hill, Bill Sydeman, and Sarah Shaffer for a presubmission reviews, and to the crew of the R/V Robert Gordon Sproul for assistance in collecting core material. CaICOFI data used are publicly available through NOAA ERDDAP http://upwell.pfeg.noaa.gov/erddap/index.html in the CaICOFI program data tables. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2017 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1877 EP 1885 DI 10.1002/2016GL071751 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EO0TO UT WOS:000396411100032 ER PT J AU McMorran, BJ Agrawal, A Ercius, PA Grillo, V Herzing, AA Harvey, TR Linck, M Pierce, JS AF McMorran, Benjamin J. Agrawal, Amit Ercius, Peter A. Grillo, Vincenzo Herzing, Andrew A. Harvey, Tyler R. Linck, Martin Pierce, Jordan S. TI Origins and demonstrations of electrons with orbital angular momentum SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE optical angular momentum; electron vortex; matter wave interferometry ID VORTEX BEAMS; OPTICAL VORTICES; DISLOCATIONS; DIFFRACTION; TRANSFORMATION; SINGULARITIES; HOLOGRAPHY; GENERATION; DICHROISM; QUANTA AB The surprising message of Allen et al. (Allen et al. 1992 Phys. Rev. A 45, 8185 (doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.45.8185)) was that photons could possess orbital angular momentum in free space, which subsequently launched advancements in optical manipulation, microscopy, quantum optics, communications, many more fields. It has recently been shown that this result also applies to quantum mechanical wave functions describing massive particles (matter waves). This article discusses how electron wave functions can be imprinted with quantized phase vortices in analogous ways to twisted light, demonstrating that charged particles with non-zero rest mass can possess orbital angular momentum in free space. With Allen et al. as a bridge, connections are made between this recent work in electron vortex wave functions and much earlier works, extending a 175 year old tradition in matter wave vortices. This article is part of the themed issue 'Optical orbital angular momentum'. C1 [McMorran, Benjamin J.; Grillo, Vincenzo; Harvey, Tyler R.; Pierce, Jordan S.] Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Agrawal, Amit] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Herzing, Andrew A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Agrawal, Amit] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ercius, Peter A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Grillo, Vincenzo] CNR, Ist Nanosci, Ctr S3, Via G Campi 213-A, I-41125 Modena, Italy. [Linck, Martin] Corrected Electron Opt Syst GmbH, Englerstr 28, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany. RP McMorran, BJ (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM mcmorran@uoregon.edu RI McMorran, Benjamin/G-9954-2016 OI McMorran, Benjamin/0000-0001-7207-1076 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0010466]; University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology [70NANB10H193] FX This work at UO was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, under award no. DE-SC0010466. A. A. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, award no. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland NR 80 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X EI 1471-2962 J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD FEB 28 PY 2017 VL 375 IS 2087 AR 20150434 DI 10.1098/rsta.2015.0434 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EJ7IZ UT WOS:000393396500012 ER PT J AU Wu, YH Han, Y Voulgarakis, A Wang, TJ Li, MM Wang, Y Xie, M Zhuang, BL Li, S AF Wu, Yonghua Han, Yong Voulgarakis, Apostolos Wang, Tijian Li, Mengmeng Wang, Yuan Xie, Min Zhuang, Bingling Li, Shu TI An agricultural biomass burning episode in eastern China: Transport, optical properties, and impacts on regional air quality SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID YANGTZE-RIVER DELTA; ABSORPTION ANGSTROM EXPONENT; BROWN CARBON AEROSOL; BLACK CARBON; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; MULTIWAVELENGTH LIDAR; WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE; INITIAL CONDITIONS; TRACE GASES AB Agricultural biomass burning (ABB) has been of particular concern due to its influence on air quality and atmospheric radiation, as it produces large amounts of gaseous and aerosol emissions. This paper presents an integrated observation of a significant ABB episode in Nanjing, China, during early June 2011, using combined ground-based and satellite sensors (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO), and Ozone Monitoring Instrument products). The time-height distribution, optical properties, sources and transport of smoke, and its impacts on air quality are investigated. Lidar profiles indicate that the smoke aerosols are confined to the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and have a depolarization ratio of less than 0.08. The aerosol optical depths increase from 0.5 to 3.0 at 500 nm, while the extinction-related Angstrom exponent increases from 1.1 to 1.6 at the wavelength pair of 440-870 nm. The single-scattering albedo becomes lower at 670-1020nm following the ABB intrusion and particularly shows a decreasing tendency between wavelengths of 440 to 1020 nm. The absorption Angstrom exponent (0.7) is smaller than 1.0, which may indicate the aged smoke particles mixed or coated with the urban aerosols. Surface particular matter PM10 and PM2.5 show a dramatic increase, reaching hourly mean of 800 mu g/m(3) and 485 mu g/m(3), respectively, which results in a heavy air pollution event. The stagnant and high-moisture weather provides favorable conditions for the aerosols to accumulate near the surface. Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) also illustrate that the large-scale aerosols are primarily present in the PBL and transported to the ocean, but some dense smoke plumes are misclassified as cloud or polluted dust. By comparing with the observations, we found that the Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry model captured the accumulation and downwind transport of surface PM2.5 from 20: 00 on 2 June to 10: 00 on 3 June (phase 1) but showed a dramatic underestimate from 20: 00 on 3-4 June (phase 2) when dense aerosols are present. Such a discrepancy in the model is associated with the improper vertical apportion of transported smoke and atmospheric diffusion conditions when comparing with the observed aerosol and wind profiles. In addition, the model simulations indicate that the transported smoke can contribute to 50-70% of the ground-level PM2.5 in Nanjing. C1 [Wu, Yonghua] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Han, Yong; Wang, Tijian; Li, Mengmeng; Wang, Yuan; Xie, Min; Zhuang, Bingling; Li, Shu] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Voulgarakis, Apostolos] Imperial Coll London, Dept Phys, London, England. RP Han, Y (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM HanYong@nju.edu.cn FU NOAA [NA11SEC4810004]; National Science and Technology Major Project [2016YFC0203303]; National Science Foundation of Jiangsu Provence [BE2015151]; National Science Foundation of China [41075012, 40805006, 91544230, 41575145]; National Special Fund for Environmental Protection Research in the Public Interest [201409008]; European Commission's Marie Curie Actions International Research Staff Exchange Scheme; Regional Climate-Air Quality Interactions project [PIRSES-GA-2013-612671] FX Y. Wu is supported by the research project of NOAA NA11SEC4810004. In addition, this work was jointly supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project (grant 2016YFC0203303), the National Science Foundation of Jiangsu Provence (grant BE2015151), the National Science Foundation of China (grants 41075012, 40805006, 91544230, and 41575145), and the National Special Fund for Environmental Protection Research in the Public Interest (grant 201409008). Also, Y.H., M.X., and A.V. wish to thank the European Commission's Marie Curie Actions International Research Staff Exchange Scheme for funding Y.H.'s and M.X.'s placements at Imperial College London and thus facilitating interactions with A.V. on this work, as part of the Regional Climate-Air Quality Interactions project (PIRSES-GA-2013-612671). Special thanks to Zhen Cheng from Shanghai Jiaotong University for providing the aerosol species data. We appreciate Gan Luo from Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, the State University of New York at Albany, and Xin Huang from School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, for the discussions of WRF-Chem model results. We also gratefully acknowledged the constructive comments from the anonymous reviewers that greatly improve the manuscript. The CALIPSO data can be obtained from the Atmospheric Data Center at NASA Langley (https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/project/calipso). The MODIS, OMI, and AIRS data are provided by NASA GES DISC through the website http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/. The NCEP Reanalysis data were provided by the NOAA-ESRL, Boulder, CO, USA, from http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. The HYSPLIT data are from the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (http://ready.arl.noaa.gov). The data in this paper can be made available to other researchers through correspondence with Yong Han (HanYong@nju.edu.cn). NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 27 PY 2017 VL 122 IS 4 BP 2304 EP 2324 DI 10.1002/2016JD025319 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN6NR UT WOS:000396121200016 ER PT J AU Daly, EA Brodeur, RD Auth, TD AF Daly, Elizabeth A. Brodeur, Richard D. Auth, Toby D. TI Anomalous ocean conditions in 2015: impacts on spring Chinook salmon and their prey field SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Warm anomaly; Ichthyoplankton; Salmon feeding; Salmon condition; Ocean survival ID COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; ICHTHYOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; PACIFIC SALMON; SURVIVAL RATES; UPWELLING ZONE; COHO SALMON AB In the northern California Current, Columbia River Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha that return as adults in spring are primarily hatchery-produced, though they include natural-origin fish listed under the US Endangered Species Act. Anomalously warm ocean conditions persisted in the California Current during 2015 (> 2.5 degrees C above normal) through the winter period when fish prey resources of juvenile salmon develop and during spring as salmon enter the ocean. The biomass of ichthyoplankton in winter 2015 was the 4th highest of our 18 yr time-series (1998-2015), predicting good food conditions for salmon and high adult salmon returns several years later. The larval composition of 2015 ichthyoplankton included abnormally large amounts of the warm-water taxa northern anchovy Engraulis mordax and rockfish Sebastes spp. When the composition of ichthyoplankton is dominated by warm-water taxa in winter, we would predict poor returns of salmon. May diets of juvenile Chinook salmon collected in coastal waters reflected high proportions of juvenile rockfish, no evidence of northern anchovy, and most closely resembled those of other warm years. June diets also reflected a warm prey community being consumed, predicting poor returns of salmon. Chinook salmon had high percentages of empty stomachs and were small and thin in 2015, with fish weighing 17.6% less than the same-length fish in a cold year (2008). Lower condition of juvenile Chinook salmon related to decreased returns of adult salmon. Overall, all but one biological predictor (biomass of prey) suggests that the prospects for the 2015 ocean-entry smolts were not favorable for survival. C1 [Daly, Elizabeth A.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Auth, Toby D.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Daly, EA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM elizabeth.daly@oregonstate.edu FU Bonneville Power Administration [1998-014-00]; NOAA through the Cooperative Research Program FX We thank the many scientists who assisted in collecting and processing the stomach samples over the years and Jennifer Fisher from Oregon State University and others from the NOAA zooplankton laboratory in Newport, OR for assistance in collecting samples along the NH line. We thank 3 anonymous journal reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was funded by the Bonneville Power Administration (project #1998-014-00) and NOAA through the Cooperative Research Program. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD FEB 27 PY 2017 VL 566 BP 169 EP 182 DI 10.3354/meps12021 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EN5NB UT WOS:000396051300013 ER PT J AU Copeman, LA Laurel, BJ Spencer, M Sremba, A AF Copeman, Louise A. Laurel, Benjamin J. Spencer, Mara Sremba, Angie TI Temperature impacts on lipid allocation among juvenile gadid species at the Pacific Arctic-Boreal interface: an experimental laboratory approach SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Temperature; Climate change; Arctic-Boreal; Cod; Lipid storage; Condition index ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; COD GADUS-MORHUA; SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; AGE-0 WALLEYE POLLOCK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BOREOGADUS-SAIDA; ATLANTIC COD; ENERGY ALLOCATION; FISH COMMUNITIES; CHUKCHI SEAS AB Climate change impacts on Arctic fish communities will largely be determined by temperature-dependent vital metabolic rates of resident and invading species. In this study, we experimentally measured total lipids and lipid class storage in the liver and muscle of 2 juvenile Arctic gadids (Arctic cod Boreogadus saida and saffron cod Eleginus gracilis) and 2 juvenile boreal gadids (walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus and Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus). Experiments were conducted over a 4 wk period across 5 temperatures (0, 5, 9, 16 and 20 degrees C) at the Hatfield Marine Science Center in Newport, OR, USA. Results indicated clear species-specific non-linear effects of temperature on lipid accumulation. Arctic cod demonstrated a cold-water, stenothermic response with relatively high lipid storage (28 mg lipid g(-1) WWT) and growth at 0 degrees C. In contrast, saffron cod demonstrated a warmer-water, eurythermic response with elevated growth at temperatures beyond 16 degrees C but comparatively low lipid storage across all thermal habitats (10 to 17 mg lipid g(-1) WWT). Lipid storage and growth in the boreal species was dome-shaped and notably higher at intermediate temperatures (maximum lipid values of 44 mg lipid g(-1) WWT for walleye pollock, 28 mg lipid g(-1) WWT for Pacific cod). Further, the combined effects of temperature on both growth and lipid storage led to elevated lipid accumulation rate (LAR) indices in boreal species (4 to 11) compared to Arctic species (< 3) at temperatures above 4 degrees C. These results suggest that warming in the Arctic will lead to decreased condition in the resident mid-trophic fish assemblage in the absence of replacement by more boreal-type species shifting poleward. C1 [Copeman, Louise A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Copeman, Louise A.; Sremba, Angie] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Laurel, Benjamin J.; Spencer, Mara] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Copeman, LA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.; Copeman, LA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM lcopeman@coas.oregonstate.edu FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [1228]; NOAA-AFSC FX We thank Karolin Klinck for assistance with tissue extractions, fish dissections and general management of the Marine Lipids Laboratory during the time of this experiment. We thank C. Ryer for reviewing earlier drafts of this manuscript. Thanks also to Bill Kopplin, Robert Fechhelm, Kyle McCain, Bill Streever and the LGL field crew for their assistance in the collection of Arctic and saffron cod in Prudhoe Bay as well as to Scott Haines, Paul Iseri and Michele Ottmar for their assistance with the fish transport and animal husbandry. This project was supported with funding from the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) Grant #1228 and 2014 Essential Fish Habitat funding from NOAA-AFSC. This study is NPRB contribution no. 614. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD FEB 27 PY 2017 VL 566 BP 183 EP 198 DI 10.3354/meps12040 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EN5NB UT WOS:000396051300014 ER PT J AU Craik, DPLA Linke, NM Sepiol, MA Harty, TP Goodwin, JF Ballance, CJ Stacey, DN Steane, AM Lucas, DM Allcock, DTC AF Craik, D. P. L. Aude Linke, N. M. Sepiol, M. A. Harty, T. P. Goodwin, J. F. Ballance, C. J. Stacey, D. N. Steane, A. M. Lucas, D. M. Allcock, D. T. C. TI High-fidelity spatial and polarization addressing of Ca-43(+) qubits using near-field microwave control SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ION-TRAP; QUANTUM; CIRCUITS; GATES AB Individual addressing of qubits is essential for scalable quantum computation. Spatial addressing allows unlimited numbers of qubits to share the same frequency, while enabling arbitrary parallel operations. We demonstrate addressing of long-lived Ca-43(+) "atomic clock" qubits held in separate zones (960 mu m apart) of a microfabricated surface trap with integrated microwave electrodes. Such zones could form part of a "quantum charge-coupled device" architecture for a large-scale quantum information processor. By coherently canceling the microwave field in one zone we measure a ratio of Rabi frequencies between addressed and nonaddressed qubits of up to 1400, fromwhich we calculate a spin-flip probability on the qubit transition of the nonaddressed ion of 1.3 x 10(-6). Off-resonant excitation then becomes the dominant error process, at around 5 x 10(-3). It can be prevented either by working at higher magnetic field, or by polarization control of the microwave field. We implement polarization control with error 2 x 10(-5), which would suffice to suppress off-resonant excitation to the similar to 10(-9) level if combined with spatial addressing. Such polarization control could also enable fast microwave operations. C1 [Craik, D. P. L. Aude; Linke, N. M.; Sepiol, M. A.; Harty, T. P.; Goodwin, J. F.; Ballance, C. J.; Stacey, D. N.; Steane, A. M.; Lucas, D. M.; Allcock, D. T. C.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Allcock, D. T. C.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Craik, DPLA (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. FU U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-14-1-0217]; U.K. EPSRC [EP/M013243/1] FX We thank D. MacDougal for helpful MATLAB scripts, L. Stephenson for technical assistance, and C. J. Stevens, A. D. Karenowska, and P. J. Leek for useful discussions. This work was supported by the U.S. Army Research Office (Contract No. W911NF-14-1-0217), and by the U.K. EPSRC "Networked Quantum Information Technology" Hub (Grant No. EP/M013243/1). NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 27 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 2 AR 022337 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.95.022337 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA EN4LR UT WOS:000395979500005 ER PT J AU Lecocq, F Ranzani, L Peterson, GA Cicak, K Simmonds, RW Teufel, JD Aumentado, J AF Lecocq, F. Ranzani, L. Peterson, G. A. Cicak, K. Simmonds, R. W. Teufel, J. D. Aumentado, J. TI Nonreciprocal Microwave Signal Processing with a Field-Programmable Josephson Amplifier SO PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC-AMPLIFIER; NON-RECIPROCITY; QUANTUM LIMIT; NOISE; AMPLIFICATION; CIRCUITS; FEEDBACK; JUNCTION AB We report on the design and implementation of a field-programmable Josephson amplifier (FPJA)-a compact and lossless superconducting circuit that can be programmed in situ by a set of microwave drives to perform reciprocal and nonreciprocal frequency conversion and amplification. In this work, we demonstrate four modes of operation: frequency conversion (transmission of -0.5 dB, reflection of -30 dB), circulation (transmission of -0.5 dB, reflection of -30 dB, isolation of 30 dB), phase-preserving amplification (gain > 20 dB, one photon of added noise) and directional phase-preserving amplification (reflection of -10 dB, forward gain of 18 dB, reverse isolation of 8 dB, one photon of added noise). The system exhibits quantitative agreement with the theoretical prediction. Based on a gradiometric superconducting quantum-interference device with Nb/Al-AlOx/Nb Josephson junctions, the FPJA is first-order insensitive to flux noise and can be operated without magnetic shielding at low temperature. Owing to its flexible design and compatibility with existing superconducting fabrication techniques, the FPJA offers a straightforward route toward on-chip integration with superconducting quantum circuits such as qubits and microwave optomechanical systems. C1 [Lecocq, F.; Peterson, G. A.; Cicak, K.; Simmonds, R. W.; Teufel, J. D.; Aumentado, J.] Nat Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ranzani, L.] Raytheon BBN Technol, 10 Moulton St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lecocq, F; Aumentado, J (reprint author), Nat Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM florent.lecocq@nist.gov; jose.aumentado@nist.gov FU NIST Quantum Information Program FX This work was supported by the NIST Quantum Information Program. Contributions to this work by NIST, an agency of the U.S. Government, are not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2331-7019 J9 PHYS REV APPL JI Phys. Rev. Appl. PD FEB 27 PY 2017 VL 7 IS 2 AR 024028 DI 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.7.024028 PG 17 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA EN5QL UT WOS:000396060500001 ER PT J AU Annis, GM Pearsall, DR Kahl, KJ Washburn, EL May, CA Taylor, RF Cole, JB Ewert, DN Game, ET Doran, PJ AF Annis, Gust M. Pearsall, Douglas R. Kahl, Katherine J. Washburn, Erika L. May, Christopher A. Taylor, Rachael Franks Cole, James B. Ewert, David N. Game, Edward T. Doran, Patrick J. TI Designing coastal conservation to deliver ecosystem and human well-being benefits SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES; SERVICES; INFORM; MAP AB Conservation scientists increasingly recognize that incorporating human values into conservation planning increases the chances for success by garnering broader project acceptance. However, methods for defining quantitative targets for the spatial representation of human wellbeing priorities are less developed. In this study we employ an approach for identifying regionally important human values and establishing specific spatial targets for their representation based on stakeholder outreach. Our primary objective was to develop a spatially-explicit conservation plan that identifies the most efficient locations for conservation actions to meet ecological goals while sustaining or enhancing human well-being values within the coastal and nearshore areas of the western Lake Erie basin (WLEB). We conducted an optimization analysis using 26 features representing ecological and human well-being priorities (13 of each), and included seven cost layers. The influence that including human well-being had on project results was tested by running five scenarios and setting targets for human well-being at different levels in each scenario. The most important areas for conservation to achieve multiple goals are clustered along the coast, reflecting a concentration of existing or potentially restorable coastal wetlands, coastal landbird stopover habitat and terrestrial biodiversity, as well as important recreational activities. Inland important areas tended to cluster around trails and high quality inland landbird stopover habitat. Most concentrated areas of importance also are centered on lands that are already conserved, reflecting the lower costs and higher benefits of enlarging these conserved areas rather than conserving isolated, dispersed areas. Including human well-being features in the analysis only influenced the solution at the highest target levels. C1 [Annis, Gust M.; Pearsall, Douglas R.; Kahl, Katherine J.; Washburn, Erika L.; May, Christopher A.; Taylor, Rachael Franks; Ewert, David N.; Doran, Patrick J.] Nature Conservancy, Lansing, MI 48906 USA. [Cole, James B.] Nature Conservancy, St Louis, MO USA. [Game, Edward T.] Nature Conservancy, West End Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Washburn, Erika L.] Univ Wisconsin, Lake Super Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Superior, WI USA. [Taylor, Rachael Franks] NOAA, Off Coastal Management, Baldwin Grp, Traverse City, MI USA. RP Annis, GM (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, Lansing, MI 48906 USA. EM gannis@tnc.org FU DTE Energy Foundation; Consumers Energy Foundation FX The DTE Energy Foundation funded salaries for the following related to study design; data collection and analysis; workshops and meetings to vet mapping, data collection, analysis and implementation with conservation and community partners; and preparation of the manuscript: GMA, DRP, KJK, PJD, CAM, RFT, ELW, JBC and DNE (no grant number; www2.dteenergy.com). Consumers Energy Foundation provided salary support for ELW for coastal community interviews and data collection. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 27 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 2 AR e0172458 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0172458 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN3UW UT WOS:000395934400022 PM 28241018 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Eckel, S Jendrzejewski, F Campbell, GK AF Kumar, A. Eckel, S. Jendrzejewski, F. Campbell, G. K. TI Temperature-induced decay of persistent currents in a superfluid ultracold gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID JOSEPHSON-JUNCTION; BOSE-GASES; QUANTUM; DYNAMICS; QUANTIZATION; MECHANICS; VORTICES; HELIUM; STATE; RING AB We study how temperature affects the lifetime of a quantized, persistent current state in a toroidal Bose-Einstein condensate. When the temperature is increased, we find a decrease in the persistent current lifetime. Comparing our measured decay rates to simple models of thermal activation and quantum tunneling, we do not find agreement. We also measured the size of the hysteresis loops in our superfluid ring as a function of temperature, enabling us to extract the critical velocity. The measured critical velocity is found to depend strongly on temperature, approaching the zero-temperature mean-field solution as the temperature is decreased. This indicates that an appropriate definition of critical velocity must incorporate the role of thermal fluctuations, something not explicitly contained in traditional theories. C1 [Campbell, G. K.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Campbell, GK (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gcampbe1@umd.edu FU ONR; ARO atomtronics MURI; NSF through PFC at the JQI FX The authors thank M. Edwards, M. Davis, A. Yakimenko, and W. D. Phillips for useful discussions. This work was partially supported by ONR, the ARO atomtronics MURI, and the NSF through the PFC at the JQI. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 24 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 2 AR 021602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.95.021602 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA EL5IL UT WOS:000394654700001 ER PT J AU Chai, TF Crawford, A Stunder, B Pavolonis, MJ Draxler, R Stein, A AF Chai, Tianfeng Crawford, Alice Stunder, Barbara Pavolonis, Michael J. Draxler, Roland Stein, Ariel TI Improving volcanic ash predictions with the HYSPLIT dispersion model by assimilating MODIS satellite retrievals SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OBJECTSA GENERALIZED FRAMEWORK; AUTOMATED DETECTION; SOURCE PARAMETERS; CLOUD TRANSPORT; ERUPTION; PLUMES; SYSTEM; IMPACTS AB Currently, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Weather Service (NWS) runs the HYSPLIT dispersion model with a unit mass release rate to predict the transport and dispersion of volcanic ash. The model predictions provide information for the Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers (VAAC) to issue advisories to meteorological watch offices, area control centers, flight information centers, and others. This research aims to provide quantitative forecasts of ash distributions generated by objectively and optimally estimating the volcanic ash source strengths, vertical distribution, and temporal variations using an observation-modeling inversion technique. In this top-down approach, a cost functional is defined to quantify the differences between the model predictions and the satellite measurements of column-integrated ash concentrations weighted by the model and observation uncertainties. Minimizing this cost functional by adjusting the sources provides the volcanic ash emission estimates. As an example, MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite retrievals of the 2008 Kasatochi volcanic ash clouds are used to test the HYSPLIT volcanic ash inverse system. Because the satellite retrievals include the ash cloud top height but not the bottom height, there are different model diagnostic choices for comparing the model results with the observed mass loadings. Three options are presented and tested. Although the emission estimates vary significantly with different options, the subsequent model predictions with the different release estimates all show decent skill when evaluated against the unassimilated satellite observations at later times. Among the three options, integrating over three model layers yields slightly better results than integrating from the surface up to the observed volcanic ash cloud top or using a single model layer. Inverse tests also show that including the ash-free region to constrain the model is not beneficial for the current case. In addition, extra constraints on the source terms can be given by explicitly enforcing "no-ash" for the atmosphere columns above or below the observed ash cloud top height. However, in this case such extra constraints are not helpful for the inverse modeling. It is also found that simultaneously assimilating observations at different times produces better hindcasts than only assimilating the most recent observations. C1 [Chai, Tianfeng; Crawford, Alice; Stunder, Barbara; Draxler, Roland; Stein, Ariel] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Chai, Tianfeng; Crawford, Alice] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Pavolonis, Michael J.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. RP Chai, TF (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.; Chai, TF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM tianfeng.chai@noaa.gov RI Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010; Crawford, Alice/P-6996-2015; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014; Chai, Tianfeng/E-5577-2010 OI Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X; Crawford, Alice/0000-0001-6570-6870; Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198; Chai, Tianfeng/0000-0003-3520-2641 FU NOAA at the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory [NA09NES4400006]; University of Maryland FX This study was supported by NOAA grant NA09NES4400006 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites; CICS) at the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory in collaboration with the University of Maryland. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 24 PY 2017 VL 17 IS 4 BP 2865 EP 2879 DI 10.5194/acp-17-2865-2017 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM1ZQ UT WOS:000395116400001 ER PT J AU Kim, J Kim, HM Cho, CH Boo, KO Jacobson, AR Sasakawa, M Machida, T Arshinov, M Fedoseev, N AF Kim, Jinwoong Kim, Hyun Mee Cho, Chun-Ho Boo, Kyung-On Jacobson, Andrew R. Sasakawa, Motoki Machida, Toshinobu Arshinov, Mikhail Fedoseev, Nikolay TI Impact of Siberian observations on the optimization of surface CO2 flux SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; DATA ASSIMILATION; INVERSIONS; TRANSPORT; AIRCRAFT; BALANCE; METHANE; BUDGET AB To investigate the effect of additional CO2 observations in the Siberia region on the Asian and global surface CO2 flux analyses, two experiments using different observation data sets were performed for 2000-2009. One experiment was conducted using a data set that includes additional observations of Siberian tower measurements (Japan-Russia Siberian Tall Tower Inland Observation Network: JR-STATION), and the other experiment was conducted using a data set without the above additional observations. The results show that the global balance of the sources and sinks of surface CO2 fluxes was maintained for both experiments with and without the additional observations. While the magnitude of the optimized surface CO2 flux uptake and flux uncertainty in Siberia decreased from 1.17 +/- 0.93 to 0.77 +/- 0.70 PgC yr(-1), the magnitude of the optimized surface CO2 flux uptake in the other regions (e.g., Europe) of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) land increased for the experiment with the additional observations, which affect the longitudinal distribution of the total NH sinks. This change was mostly caused by changes in the magnitudes of surface CO2 flux in June and July. The observation impact measured by uncertainty reduction and self-sensitivity tests shows that additional observations provide useful information on the estimated surface CO2 flux. The average uncertainty reduction of the conifer forest of Eurasian boreal (EB) is 29.1% and the average self-sensitivities at the JR-STATION sites are approximately 60% larger than those at the towers in North America. It is expected that the Siberian observations play an important role in estimating surface CO2 flux in the NH land (e.g., Siberia and Europe) in the future. C1 [Kim, Jinwoong; Kim, Hyun Mee] Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul, South Korea. [Cho, Chun-Ho; Boo, Kyung-On] Natl Inst Meteorol Sci, Jeju, South Korea. [Jacobson, Andrew R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Jacobson, Andrew R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sasakawa, Motoki; Machida, Toshinobu] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Arshinov, Mikhail] Russian Acad Sci, VE Zuev Inst Atmospher Opt, Tomsk, Russia. [Fedoseev, Nikolay] Russian Acad Sci, Melnikov Permafrost Inst, Yakutsk, Russia. [Kim, Jinwoong] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Div Climate Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Kim, HM (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul, South Korea. EM khm@yonsei.ac.kr FU Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [KMIPA 2015-2021]; Global Environment Research Account for National Institutes of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [14-05-00590] FX The authors appreciate the valuable comments of William Lahoz, Abhishek Chatterjee, and other reviewers. This study was funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under the grant KMIPA 2015-2021. The JR-STATION is supported by the Global Environment Research Account for National Institutes of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant no. 14-05-00590). The authors also acknowledge atmospheric CO2 measurement data providers and cooperating agencies at China Meteorological Administration, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Environment Canada, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Hungarian Meteorological Service, Japan Meteorological Agency, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Research, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Morski Instytut Rybacki, National Center for Atmospheric Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, and Romanian Marine Research Institute. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 24 PY 2017 VL 17 IS 4 BP 2881 EP 2899 DI 10.5194/acp-17-2881-2017 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM1ZQ UT WOS:000395116400002 ER PT J AU Brownell, RL Reeves, RR Thomas, PO Smith, BD Ryan, GE AF Brownell, Robert L., Jr. Reeves, Randall R. Thomas, Peter O. Smith, Brian D. Ryan, Gerard E. TI Dams threaten rare Mekong dolphins SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Brownell, Robert L., Jr.] NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Reeves, Randall R.] Okapi Wildlife Associates, Hudson, PQ J0P 1H0, Canada. [Thomas, Peter O.] Marine Mammal Commiss, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Smith, Brian D.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Ocean Giants Program, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Ryan, Gerard E.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Biosci, Melbourne, Vic 2010, Australia. RP Brownell, RL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM robert.brownell@noaa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 24 PY 2017 VL 355 IS 6327 BP 805 EP 805 DI 10.1126/science.aam6406 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EM2DW UT WOS:000395127600026 PM 28232545 ER PT J AU Hauser, DDW Laidre, KL Stern, HL Moore, SE Suydam, RS Richard, PR AF Hauser, Donna D. W. Laidre, Kristin L. Stern, Harry L. Moore, Sue E. Suydam, Robert S. Richard, Pierre R. TI Habitat selection by two beluga whale populations in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; EASTERN CHUKCHI; COOK INLET; SEXUAL SEGREGATION; KILLER WHALE; ALASKA; PATTERNS; SUMMER; OCEAN AB There has been extensive sea ice loss in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas where two beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) populations occur between July-November. Our goal was to develop population-specific beluga habitat selection models that quantify relative use of sea ice and bathymetric features related to oceanographic processes, which can provide context to the importance of changing sea ice conditions. We established habitat selection models that incorporated daily sea ice measures (sea ice concentration, proximity to ice edge and dense ice) and bathymetric features (slope, depth, proximity to the continental slope, Barrow Canyon, and shore) to establish quantitative estimates of habitat use for the Eastern Chukchi Sea ('Chukchi') and Eastern Beaufort Sea ('Beaufort') populations. We applied 'used v. available' resource selection functions to locations of 65 whales tagged from 1993-2012, revealing large variations in seasonal habitat selection that were distinct between sex and population groups. Chukchi whales of both sexes were predicted to use areas in close proximity to Barrow Canyon (typically < 200 km) as well as the continental slope in summer, although deeper water and denser ice were stronger predictors for males than females. Habitat selection differed more between sexes for Beaufort belugas. Beaufort males selected higher ice concentrations (>= 40%) than females (0-40%) in July-August. Proximity to shore (< 200 km) strongly predicted summer habitat of Beaufort females, while distance to the ice edge was important for male habitat selection, especially during westward migration in September. Overall, our results indicate that sea ice variables were rarely the primary drivers of beluga summer-fall habitat selection. While diminished sea ice may indirectly affect belugas through changes in the ecosystem, associations with bathymetric features that affect prey availability seemed key to habitat selection during summer and fall. These results provide a benchmark by which to assess future changes in beluga habitat use of the Pacific Arctic. C1 [Hauser, Donna D. W.; Laidre, Kristin L.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hauser, Donna D. W.; Laidre, Kristin L.; Stern, Harry L.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Moore, Sue E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA USA. [Suydam, Robert S.] North Slope Borough, Dept Wildlife Management, Barrow, AK USA. [Richard, Pierre R.] Freshwater Inst Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. RP Hauser, DDW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Hauser, DDW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM dhauser@uw.edu FU Alaska Beluga Whale Committee; North Slope Borough of Alaska; National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS); Alaska Department of Fish and Game; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Minerals Management Service; Village of Point Lay; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Fisheries Joint Management Committee; Environmental Studies Revolving Fund; NMFS; NASA Climate Indicators Program [NNX13AN28G, NNX16AG33G]; University of Washington's (UW) Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program on Ocean Change (National Science Foundation) [DGE-1068839]; UW School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences; Inuvialuit Hunter and Trapper Committees of Inuvik; Inuvialuit Hunter and Trapper Committees of Aklavik; Inuvialuit Hunter and Trapper Committees of Tuktoyaktuk; Polar Continental Shelf Project FX Tagging of Chukchi belugas was funded by the Alaska Beluga Whale Committee, North Slope Borough of Alaska, National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), Alaska Department of Fish and Game, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Minerals Management Service, and Village of Point Lay. Tagging of Beaufort belugas was funded by the Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Fisheries Joint Management Committee, Environmental Studies Revolving Fund, Minerals Management Service, and NMFS. Analyses by D.D.W.H, K.L.L., and H.L. S. were partially funded by NASA Climate Indicators Program Grants (NNX13AN28G and NNX16AG33G) and fellowships to D.D.W. Hauser from the University of Washington's (UW) Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program on Ocean Change (National Science Foundation DGE-1068839) and UW School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; We are grateful to the long-term collaborative efforts of the communities of Point Lay, AK and the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, NWT who have facilitated our tagging efforts. For Chukchi belugas, L. Lowry, K. Frost, G. O'Corry-Crowe, D. Pikok, R. Small, T. Romano, J. Tazruk, B. and M. Tracey, J. Rexford, J. Orr, A. Ashby, V. Dollarhide, L. Ferreira, L. Pierce, L. Stalker, H. Smith, R. Hobbs, R. Hoover, T. Nukapigak, M. Sparck, S. Speckman, D. Susook, C. Aniskette, J. Tuckfield, C. Rea, G. Marshall, N. Hank, L. Hansen, L. Hoberecht, L. Quakenbush, T. Robeck, A. Simon, G. and K. VanBlaricom, J. Taylor, J. Edwards, D. Ramey, B. Achootchook, and J. Citta have supported various aspects of tagging and data processing. J. Orr, A. Martin, and B. Leblanc offered field assistance and data processing of Beaufort beluga data. Thanks also to the Inuvialuit Hunter and Trapper Committees of Inuvik, Aklavik, and Tuktoyaktuk and the Polar Continental Shelf Project for the support and assistance tagging Beaufort belugas. We thank R. Wilson for useful discussion of resource selection modeling approaches and example R code for model validation. R. McGovern processed sea ice data for predictive mapping of habitat selection models and gave feedback on R code for mapping. Helpful feedback and review of earlier drafts were provided by R. Hobbs and D.E. Schindler. We appreciate comments from K. Frost and an anonymous reviewer who substantially improved the manuscript. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 24 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 2 AR e0172755 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0172755 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EL5VB UT WOS:000394688200130 ER PT J AU Alberding, BG DeSario, PA So, CR Dunkelberger, AD Rolison, DR Owrutsky, JC Heilweil, EJ AF Alberding, Brian G. DeSario, Paul A. So, Christopher R. Dunkelberger, Adam D. Rolison, Debra R. Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. Heilweil, Edwin J. TI Static and Time-Resolved Terahertz Measurements of Photoconductivity in Solution-Deposited Ruthenium Dioxide Nanofilms SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE IMAGINARY CONDUCTIVITY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; RUO2; SPECTROSCOPY; INTERFACES; TRANSPORT; INSULATOR; DYNAMICS; IRO2 AB Thin-film ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) is a promising alternative material as a conductive electrode in electronic applications because its rutile crystalline form is metallic and highly conductive. Herein, a solution-deposition multilayei technique is employed to fabricate ca. 70 +/- 20 nm thick films (nanoskins), and terahertz spectroscopy is used to determine their photoconductive properties. Upon calcining at temperatures ranging from 373 to 773 K, nanoskins undergo a transformation from insulating (localized charge transport) behavior to metallic behavior. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) indicates that nanoskins attain maximum static conductivity when calcined at 673 K (sigma = 1030 +/- 330 S.cm(-1)). Picosecond time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy using 400 and 800 nm excitation reveals a transition to metallic behavior when calcined at 523 K. For calcine temperatures less than 523 K, the conductivity increases following photoexcitation (Delta B < 0) while higher calcine temperatures yield films composed of crystalline, rutile RuO2 and the conductivity decreases (Delta E > 0) following photoexcitation. C1 [Alberding, Brian G.; Heilweil, Edwin J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radiat Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [DeSario, Paul A.; So, Christopher R.; Rolison, Debra R.; Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.] US Naval Res Lab, Chem Div, Code 6100, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Alberding, Brian G.; Dunkelberger, Adam D.] Naval Res Lab Natl Res Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Heilweil, EJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radiat Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edwin.heilweil@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology/National Research Council Research Associateship Program; NIST Scientific Technical Research Support (STRS); Office of Naval Research through U.S. Naval Research Laboratory; National Research Council FX We acknowledge the National Institute of Standards and Technology/National Research Council Research Associateship Program (B.G.A.) and NIST Scientific Technical Research Support (STRS) for funding this work. This work was also supported by the Office of Naval Research through the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory and the National Research Council by administering the postdoctoral fellowship program at NRL (A.D.D.). We also kindly acknowledge Konrad Bussmann at NRL for providing the 20 nm sputtered RuO2 film. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD FEB 23 PY 2017 VL 121 IS 7 BP 4037 EP 4044 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b12382 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA EL9FG UT WOS:000394924800042 ER PT J AU Lonsdale, CR Hegarty, JD Cady-Pereira, KE Alvarado, MJ Henze, DK Turner, MD Capps, SL Nowak, JB Neuman, A Middlebrook, AM Bahreini, R Murphy, JG Markovic, MZ VandenBoer, TC Russell, LM Scarino, AJ AF Lonsdale, Chantelle R. Hegarty, Jennifer D. Cady-Pereira, Karen E. Alvarado, Matthew J. Henze, Daven K. Turner, Matthew D. Capps, Shannon L. Nowak, John B. Neuman, Andy Middlebrook, Ann M. Bahreini, Roya Murphy, Jennifer G. Markovic, Milos Z. VandenBoer, Trevor C. Russell, Lynn M. Scarino, Amy Jo TI Modeling the diurnal variability of agricultural ammonia in Bakersfield, California, during the CalNex campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; AMERICAN REGIONAL REANALYSIS; EMISSION SPECTROMETER TES; UNITED-STATES; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NH3 EMISSIONS; FORMIC-ACID AB NH3 retrievals from the NASA Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), as well as surface and aircraft observations of NH3(g) and submicron NH4(p), are used to evaluate modeled concentrations of NH3(g) and NH4(p) from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) during the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) campaign. We find that simulations of NH3 driven with the California Air Resources Board (CARB) emission inventory are qualitatively and spatially consistent with TES satellite observations, with a correlation coefficient (r(2)) of 0.64. However, the surface observations at Bakersfield indicate a diurnal cycle in the model bias, with CMAQ overestimating surface NH3 at night and underestimating it during the day. The surface, satellite, and aircraft observations all suggest that daytime NH3 emissions in the CARB inventory are underestimated by at least a factor of 2, while the nighttime overestimate of NH3(g) is likely due to a combination of overestimated NH3 emissions and underestimated deposition. Running CMAQ v5.0.2 with the bi-directional NH3 scheme reduces NH3 concentrations at night and increases them during the day. This reduces the model bias when compared to the surface and satellite observations, but the increased concentrations aloft significantly increase the bias relative to the aircraft observations. We attempt to further reduce model bias by using the surface observations at Bakers-field to derive an empirical diurnal cycle of NH3 emissions in the SJV, in which nighttime and midday emissions differ by about a factor of 4.5. Running CMAQv5.0.2 with a bi-directional NH3 scheme together with this emissions diurnal profile further reduces model bias relative to the surface observations. Comparison of these simulations with the vertical profile retrieved by TES shows little bias except for the lowest retrieved level, but the model bias relative to flight data aloft increases slightly. Our results indicate that both diurnally varying emissions and a bi-directional NH3 scheme should be applied when modeling NH3(g) and NH4(p) in this region. The remaining model errors suggest that the bi-directional NH3 scheme in CMAQ v5.0.2 needs further improvements to shift the peak NH3 land-atmosphere flux to earlier in the day. We recommend that future work include updates to the current CARB NH3 inventory to account for NH3 from fertilizer application, livestock, and other farming practices separately; adding revised information on crop management practices specific to the SJV region to the bi-directional NH3 scheme; and top-down studies focused on determining the diurnally varying biases in the canopy compensation point that determines the net land-atmosphere NH3 fluxes. C1 [Lonsdale, Chantelle R.; Hegarty, Jennifer D.; Cady-Pereira, Karen E.; Alvarado, Matthew J.] Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Henze, Daven K.; Turner, Matthew D.; Capps, Shannon L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nowak, John B.; Bahreini, Roya] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Nowak, John B.; Neuman, Andy; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Bahreini, Roya] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Murphy, Jennifer G.; Markovic, Milos Z.; VandenBoer, Trevor C.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Russell, Lynn M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Scarino, Amy Jo] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Nowak, John B.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA. [Bahreini, Roya] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Markovic, Milos Z.] Picarro Inc, Santa Clara, CA USA. [VandenBoer, Trevor C.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Earth Sci, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. RP Lonsdale, CR (reprint author), Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. EM clonsdal@aer.com RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Capps, Shannon/0000-0002-6872-6604; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807 FU NOAA Climate Program Office Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, & Climate (AC4) program [NA130AR4310060, NA140AR4310129]; NASA [NNH08CD52C]; California Air Resources Board (CARB) [09-328]; CARB contract [08-316]; University of Toronto Centre for Global Change Science; NSERC FX The authors thank Leo Ramirez and Jeremy Avise at CARB for the emissions inventory data they provided, as well as Eli Mlawer, Thomas Nehrkorn, and Elizabeth Steinhubel of AER and Jesse Bash, Jim Kelly, and Kirk Baker of the EPA for their valuable comments and discussions on this work. This work was funded by the NOAA Climate Program Office Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, & Climate (AC4) program through grants NA130AR4310060 and NA140AR4310129 to C. R. Lonsdale, J. D. Hegarty, K. E. Cady-Pereira, and M. J. Alvarado of AER and D. K. Henze, M. D. Turner, and S. L. Capps of CU Boulder. Development and evaluation of the TES NH3 retrieval was funded through NASA grants to K. E. Cady-Pereira of AER such as grant NNH08CD52C. L. M. Russell acknowledges support from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) for funding the AMS measurements (contract 09-328). Infrastructure support for the Bakersfield ground site was provided through CARB contract 08-316 to Ron C. Cohen and Allen H. Goldstein at the University of California, Berkeley. The collection and analysis of CalNex surface observations of NH3(g) at Bakersfield were funded by a University of Toronto Centre for Global Change Science award to M. Markovic and a NSERC graduate scholarship to T. C. Vanden-Boer of the University of Toronto. We also wish to thank the NOAA P3 aircraft flight crew and technicians. The conclusions of this paper are the authors' only, and do not reflect NOAA or CARB policy. NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 23 PY 2017 VL 17 IS 4 BP 2721 EP 2739 DI 10.5194/acp-17-2721-2017 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM1TN UT WOS:000395100000001 ER PT J AU Srivastava, S Andreev, M Levi, AE Goldfeld, DJ Mao, J Heller, WT Prabhu, VM de Pablo, JJ Tirrell, MV AF Srivastava, Samanvaya Andreev, Marat Levi, Adam E. Goldfeld, David J. Mao, Jun Heller, William T. Prabhu, Vivek M. de Pablo, Juan J. Tirrell, Matthew V. TI Gel phase formation in dilute triblock copolyelectrolyte complexes SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID BLOCK-COPOLYMER; MICELLES; DELIVERY; DRUG; NANOPARTICLES; SCATTERING; VESICLES; BEHAVIOR; DESIGN AB Assembly of oppositely charged triblock copolyelectrolytes into phase-separated gels at low polymer concentrations (<1% by mass) has been observed in scattering experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. Here we show that in contrast to uncharged, amphiphilic block copolymers that form discrete micelles at low concentrations and enter a phase of strongly interacting micelles in a gradual manner with increasing concentration, the formation of a dilute phase of individual micelles is prevented in polyelectrolyte complexation-driven assembly of triblock copolyelectrolytes. Gel phases form and phase separate almost instantaneously on solvation of the copolymers. Furthermore, molecular models of self-assembly demonstrate the presence of oligo-chain aggregates in early stages of copolyelectrolyte assembly, at experimentally unobservable polymer concentrations. Our discoveries contribute to the fundamental understanding of the structure and pathways of complexation-driven assemblies, and raise intriguing prospects for gel formation at extraordinarily low concentrations, with applications in tissue engineering, agriculture, water purification and theranostics. C1 [Srivastava, Samanvaya; Andreev, Marat; Levi, Adam E.; Goldfeld, David J.; Mao, Jun; de Pablo, Juan J.; Tirrell, Matthew V.] Univ Chicago, Inst Mol Engn, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Srivastava, Samanvaya; Mao, Jun; de Pablo, Juan J.; Tirrell, Matthew V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Inst Mol Engn, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Heller, William T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Prabhu, Vivek M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP de Pablo, JJ; Tirrell, MV (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Inst Mol Engn, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.; de Pablo, JJ; Tirrell, MV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Inst Mol Engn, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. EM depablo@uchicago.edu; mtirrell@uchicago.edu RI Srivastava, Samanvaya/J-1977-2012; OI Srivastava, Samanvaya/0000-0002-3519-7224; Heller, William/0000-0001-6456-2975 FU U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Hierarchical Materials Design (CHiMaD) [70NANB14H012]; DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank Prof. N.P. Balsara and J. Ting for insightful discussions and H. Acar, A. Marciel, X. Wei, C. Castle and Q. Xu for useful help in the experiments. We acknowledge the gracious support from C. Gao and T.-H. Kang at ORNL, and X. Zuo, B. Lee and J.E. Ernst at ANL during scattering experiments. This work was performed under the following financial assistance award 70NANB14H012 from U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology as part of the Center for Hierarchical Materials Design (CHiMaD). A portion of this research used resources at the Spallation Neutron Source, a DOE Office of Science User Facility operated by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This research also used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD FEB 23 PY 2017 VL 8 AR 14131 DI 10.1038/ncomms14131 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EL4IJ UT WOS:000394584600001 PM 28230046 ER PT J AU Kilada, R Reiss, CS Kawaguchi, S King, RA Matsuda, T Ichii, T AF Kilada, Raouf Reiss, Christian S. Kawaguchi, So King, Robert A. Matsuda, Tsuyoshi Ichii, Taro TI Validation of band counts in eyestalks for the determination of age of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SCOTIA SEA; HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; PENINSULA REGION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GASTRIC MILL; GROWTH; SHRINKAGE; LIPOFUSCIN; BIOMASS; PERSPECTIVES AB Using known-age Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) grown from eggs hatched at two different laboratories, we validate the annual pattern of bands deposited in the eyestalks of krill and determine the absolute age of these animals. Ages two through five years were validated, and these animals ranged from 37.1 to 62.6 mm in total length. The band counts in these individuals were either identical to their absolute ages, or only failed to agree by a few months, which demonstrates the accuracy of this method. Precision and bias were estimated graphically using Chang's index (Coefficient of Variation = 5.03%). High accuracy and precision between readers and low ageing bias indicate that longitudinal sections of eyestalks can be used to age krill in wild samples and to develop age-based stock assessment models for krill. Archival samples preserved in formalin (5%) and stored in ambient conditions were also readable. Ageing preserved krill will provide the opportunity to examine changes in growth among krill populations within the Southern Ocean and to retrospectively examine changes in krill production over the last century to better understand the historical and future impacts of climate change on this critical Southern Ocean species. C1 [Kilada, Raouf] Univ New Brunswick, St John, NB, Canada. [Kilada, Raouf] Suez Canal Univ, Dept Marine Sci, Ismailia, Egypt. [Reiss, Christian S.] NOAA Fisheries, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Kawaguchi, So; King, Robert A.] Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas, Australia. [Kawaguchi, So] Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Matsuda, Tsuyoshi] Port Nagoya Publ Aquarium, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Ichii, Taro] Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Reiss, CS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Christian.reiss@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Antarctic Wildlife Research Fund FX This work was supported by a contract to RK by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and a grant by the Antarctic Wildlife Research Fund to RK, CSR and SK. The Port of Nagoya Public Aquarium provided the very valuable known age animals, and support in the form of salary for author TM, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 22 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 2 AR e0171773 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0171773 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EL5SK UT WOS:000394680900020 ER PT J AU Zhang, S Eckart, ME Jaeckel, FT Kripps, KL McCammon, D Morgan, KM Zhou, Y AF Zhang, Shuo Eckart, Megan E. Jaeckel, Felix T. Kripps, Kari L. McCammon, Dan Morgan, Kelsey M. Zhou, Yu TI Mapping of the resistance of a superconducting transition edge sensor as a function of temperature, current, and applied magnetic field SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS AB We have measured the resistance R(T, I, B-ext) of a superconducting transition edge sensor over the entire transition region on a fine scale, producing a four-dimensional map of the resistance surface. The dimensionless temperature and current sensitivities (alpha partial derivative log R/partial derivative log T|(I) and beta partial derivative log R/partial derivative log I|(T)) of the TES resistance have been determined at each point. alpha and beta are closely related to the sensor performance, but show a great deal of complex, large amplitude fine structure over large portions of the surface that is sensitive to the applied magnetic field. We discuss the relation of this structure to the presence of Josephson "weak link" fringes. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Zhang, Shuo; Jaeckel, Felix T.; Kripps, Kari L.; McCammon, Dan; Morgan, Kelsey M.; Zhou, Yu] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Eckart, Megan E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Morgan, Kelsey M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zhang, S (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. OI Morgan, Kelsey/0000-0002-6597-1030; McCammon, Dan/0000-0001-5170-4567 FU NASA [NNX13AH21G] FX James Chervenak, Edward Wassell, Jennette Mateo, and Caroline Kilbourne were instrumental in the design and construction of the devices tested here. We thank two anonymous referees for their careful reading and many suggestions that have greatly improved the paper. We acknowledge the support of NASA Grant No. NNX13AH21G. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 21 PY 2017 VL 121 IS 7 AR 074503 DI 10.1063/1.4976562 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA EM4LE UT WOS:000395283700015 ER PT J AU Mahynski, NA Blanco, MA Errington, JR Shen, VK AF Mahynski, Nathan A. Blanco, Marco A. Errington, Jeffrey R. Shen, Vincent K. TI Predicting low-temperature free energy landscapes with flat-histogram Monte Carlo methods SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; POROUS MATERIALS; SURFACE-TENSION; GIBBS ENSEMBLE; CRITICAL-POINT; THIN-FILMS; SIMULATION; TRANSITIONS; FLUIDS; ALGORITHM AB We present a method for predicting the free energy landscape of fluids at low temperatures from flat-histogram grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations performed at higher ones. We illustrate our approach for both pure and multicomponent systems using two different sampling methods as a demonstration. This allows us to predict the thermodynamic behavior of systems which undergo both first order and continuous phase transitions upon cooling using simulations performed only at higher temperatures. After surveying a variety of different systems, we identify a range of temperature differences over which the extrapolation of high temperature simulations tends to quantitatively predict the thermodynamic properties of fluids at lower ones. Beyond this range, extrapolation still provides a reasonably well-informed estimate of the free energy landscape; this prediction then requires less computational effort to refine with an additional simulation at the desired temperature than reconstruction of the surface without any initial estimate. In either case, this method significantly increases the computational efficiency of these flat-histogram methods when investigating thermodynamic properties of fluids over a wide range of temperatures. For example, we demonstrate how a binary fluid phase diagram may be quantitatively predicted for many temperatures using only information obtained from a single supercritical state. C1 [Mahynski, Nathan A.; Blanco, Marco A.; Shen, Vincent K.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Errington, Jeffrey R.] Univ Buffalo State Univ New York, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Mahynski, NA (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nathan.mahynski@nist.gov OI Mahynski, Nathan/0000-0002-0008-8749 FU National Research Council at the National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Science Foundation [CHE-1362572] FX Contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, not subject to U.S. Copyright. N.A.M. gratefully acknowledges support from a National Research Council postdoctoral research associateship at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. J.R.E. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation, Grant No. CHE-1362572. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 21 PY 2017 VL 146 IS 7 AR 074101 DI 10.1063/1.4975331 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA EL4GK UT WOS:000394579500002 PM 28228029 ER PT J AU Streit, JK Lam, S Piao, Y Walker, ARH Fagana, JA Zheng, M AF Streit, J. K. Lam, S. Piao, Y. Walker, A. R. Hight Fagana, J. A. Zheng, M. TI Separation of double-wall carbon nanotubes by electronic type and diameter SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID ANALYTICAL ULTRACENTRIFUGATION; LENGTH FRACTIONATION; SINGLE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; MICROSCOPY; ENRICHMENT AB We introduce a new procedure for the efficient isolation and subsequent separation of double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs). A simplified, rate zonal ultracentrifugation (RZU) process is first applied to obtain samples of highly-enriched DWCNTs from a raw carbon nanotube material that has both single- and double-wall carbon nanotubes. Using this purified DWCNT suspension, we demonstrate for the first time that DWCNTs can be further processed using aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) for sequential separation by electronic structure and diameter. Additionally, we introduce analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) as a new method for DWCNT characterization to assess DWCNT purity in separated samples. Results from AUC analysis are utilized to compare two DWCNT separation schemes. We find that RZU processing followed by sequential bandgap and diameter sorting via ATPE provides samples of highest DWCNT enrichment, whereas single-step redox sorting of the same raw material through ATPE yields SWCNT/DWCNT mixtures of similar diameter and electronic character. The presented methods offer significant advancement in DWCNT processing and separation while also providing a promising alternative for DWCNT sample analysis. C1 [Streit, J. K.; Lam, S.; Fagana, J. A.; Zheng, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Piao, Y.; Walker, A. R. Hight] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Engn Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zheng, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ming.zheng@nist.gov FU National Research Council FX J. K. S. and S. L. acknowledge support of National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowships. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PD FEB 21 PY 2017 VL 9 IS 7 BP 2531 EP 2540 DI 10.1039/c6nr09257h PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EN0IB UT WOS:000395692400016 PM 28150840 ER PT J AU Kotler, S Simmonds, RW Leibfried, D Wineland, DJ AF Kotler, Shlomi Simmonds, Raymond W. Leibfried, Dietrich Wineland, David J. TI Hybrid quantum systems with trapped charged particles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PLANAR PENNING TRAP; ION-TRAP; LIQUID-HELIUM; FREQUENCY STANDARD; SINGLE-ELECTRON; ATOMIC IONS; MICROWAVE; STATE; SURFACE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Trapped charged particles have been at the forefront of quantum information processing (QIP) for a few decades now, with deterministic two-qubit logic gates reaching record fidelities of 99.9% and single-qubit operations of much higher fidelity. In a hybrid system involving trapped charges, quantum degrees of freedom of macroscopic objects such as bulk acoustic resonators, superconducting circuits, or nanomechanical membranes, couple to the trapped charges and ideally inherit the coherent properties of the charges. The hybrid system therefore implements a "quantum transducer," where the quantum reality (i.e., superpositions and entanglement) of small objects is extended to include the larger object. Although a hybrid quantum system with trapped charges could be valuable both for fundamental research and for QIP applications, no such system exists today. Here we study theoretically the possibilities of coupling the quantum-mechanical motion of a trapped charged particle (e.g., an ion or electron) to the quantum degrees of freedom of superconducting devices, nanomechanical resonators, and quartz bulk acoustic wave resonators. For each case, we estimate the coupling rate between the charged particle and its macroscopic counterpart and compare it to the decoherence rate, i.e., the rate at which quantum superposition decays. A hybrid system can only be considered quantum if the coupling rate significantly exceeds all decoherence rates. Our approach is to examine specific examples by using parameters that are experimentally attainable in the foreseeable future. We conclude that hybrid quantum systems involving a single atomic ion are unfavorable compared with the use of a single electron because the coupling rates between the ion and its counterpart are slower than the expected decoherence rates. A system based on trapped electrons, on the other hand, might have coupling rates that significantly exceed decoherence rates. Moreover, it might have appealing properties such as fast entangling gates, long coherence, and flexible topology that is fully electronic in nature. Realizing such a system, however, is technologically challenging because it requires accommodating both a trapping technology and superconducting circuitry in a compatible manner. We review some of the challenges involved, such as the required trap parameters, electron sources, electrical circuitry, and cooling schemes in order to promote further investigations towards the realization of such a hybrid system. C1 [Kotler, Shlomi; Simmonds, Raymond W.; Leibfried, Dietrich; Wineland, David J.] NIST, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kotler, S (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM shlomi.kotler@nist.gov FU NIST Quantum Information program FX The authors would like to thank K. Cicak for her help in estimating the coupling of an ion to a membrane and for her help with electron trap design and resulting fabrication constraints. We thank K. Bertness for discussions regarding GaN nanobeams. We thank M. Goryachev, S. Galliou, and M. E. Tobar for introducing us to the physics of BVA resonators as well as lending us devices to measure. We thank A. Sanders for introducing us to electron source and electron optics technology and for his help in assessing their relevance. We thank F. Lecocq, J. D. Teufel, and J. Aumentado for discussions regarding the superconducting and rf measurement aspects of this manuscript. We thank A. Sirois and D. Allcock for carefully reading this manuscript and their helpful comments. We appreciate support of the NIST Quantum Information program. NR 129 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 21 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 2 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.95.022327 PG 29 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA EL5HY UT WOS:000394653400007 ER PT J AU Palmero, M Martinez-Garaot, S Leibfried, D Wineland, DJ Muga, JG AF Palmero, M. Martinez-Garaot, S. Leibfried, D. Wineland, D. J. Muga, J. G. TI Fast phase gates with trapped ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM COMPUTATION AB We implement faster-than-adiabatic two-qubit phase gates using smooth state-dependent forces. The forces are designed to leave no final motional excitation, independently of the initial motional state in the harmonic small-oscillations limit. They are simple, explicit functions of time and the desired logical phase of the gate, and are based on quadratic invariants of motion and Lewis-Riesenfeld phases of the normal modes. C1 [Palmero, M.; Martinez-Garaot, S.; Muga, J. G.] Univ Basque Country, Dept Quim Fis, Apartado Postal 644, Bilbao 48080, Spain. [Leibfried, D.; Wineland, D. J.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Palmero, M (reprint author), Univ Basque Country, Dept Quim Fis, Apartado Postal 644, Bilbao 48080, Spain. EM mikel.palmero@ehu.eus FU Basque Government [IT986-16]; MINECO [FIS2015-67161-P]; UPV/EHU [UFI 11/55]; Office of the Director of National Intelligence; Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity; ONR; NIST Quantum Information Program; UPV/EHU FX We thank A. Ruschhaupt and J. Alonso for useful discussions. This work was partially supported by the Basque Government (Grant No. IT986-16), MINECO (Grant No. FIS2015-67161-P), and the program UFI 11/55 of UPV/EHU. D.L. and D.W. acknowledge support by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity, ONR, and by the NIST Quantum Information Program. M.P. and S.M.-G. acknowledge fellowships by UPV/EHU. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 21 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 2 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.95.022328 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA EL5HY UT WOS:000394653400008 ER PT J AU Muradian, ML Branch, TA Moffitt, SD Hulson, PJF AF Muradian, Melissa L. Branch, Trevor A. Moffitt, Steven D. Hulson, Peter-John F. TI Bayesian stock assessment of Pacific herring in Prince William Sound, Alaska SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; IMPORTANCE RESAMPLING ALGORITHM; CLUPEA-PALLASI; ASSESSMENT MODELS; DATA CONFLICTS; POPULATION; FISHERY; HISTOPATHOLOGY; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS AB The Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) population in Prince William Sound, Alaska crashed in 1993 and has yet to recover, affecting food web dynamics in the Sound and impacting Alaskan communities. To help researchers design and implement the most effective monitoring, management, and recovery programs, a Bayesian assessment of Prince William Sound herring was developed by reformulating the current model used by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. The Bayesian model estimated pre-fishery spawning biomass of herring age-3 and older in 2013 to be a median of 19,410 mt (95% credibility interval 12,150-31,740 mt), with a 54% probability that biomass in 2013 was below the management limit used to regulate fisheries in Prince William Sound. The main advantages of the Bayesian model are that it can more objectively weight different datasets and provide estimates of uncertainty for model parameters and outputs, unlike the weighted sum-of-squares used in the original model. In addition, the revised model could be used to manage herring stocks with a decision rule that considers both stock status and the uncertainty in stock status. C1 [Muradian, Melissa L.] Univ Washington, Quantitat Ecol & Resource Management, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Branch, Trevor A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Moffitt, Steven D.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Cordova, AK USA. [Hulson, Peter-John F.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK USA. [Muradian, Melissa L.] Henrys Fork Fdn, Ashton, ID USA. RP Muradian, ML (reprint author), Univ Washington, Quantitat Ecol & Resource Management, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Muradian, ML (reprint author), Henrys Fork Fdn, Ashton, ID USA. EM melissa@henrysfork.org FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [13120111-Q]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148, 2448]; Richard C. and Lois M. Worthington Endowed Professor in Fisheries Management FX MLM and TAB were funded by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, grant 13120111-Q. Supplementary funding was also received from the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA100AR4320148, Contribution No. 2448. TAB was funded in part by the Richard C. and Lois M. Worthington Endowed Professor in Fisheries Management. The funders encourage publications but did not have any role in design, data, writing, or the decision to submit this particular article for publication. Author contributions: TAB and MLM designed the study, MLM and TAB conducted the analyses and wrote the paper, SDM contributed data and interpreted results, PJFH contributed computer code. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 21 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 2 AR e72153 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0172153 PG 29 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EL5QV UT WOS:000394676800036 PM 28222151 ER PT J AU Stock, CA John, JG Rykaczewski, RR Asch, RG Cheung, WWL Dunne, JP Friedland, KD Lam, VWY Sarmiento, JL Watson, RA AF Stock, Charles A. John, Jasmin G. Rykaczewski, Ryan R. Asch, Rebecca G. Cheung, William W. L. Dunne, John P. Friedland, Kevin D. Lam, Vicky W. Y. Sarmiento, Jorge L. Watson, Reg A. TI Reconciling fisheries catch and ocean productivity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE fisheries catch; primary production; ocean productivity; climate change; food webs ID MARINE PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FISH PRODUCTION; TROPHIC AMPLIFICATION; GLOBAL FISHERIES; CHANGING CLIMATE; EUROPEAN SEAS; ECOSYSTEMS; BIOMASS; SIZE AB Photosynthesis fuels marine food webs, yet differences in fish catch across globally distributed marine ecosystems far exceed differences in net primary production (NPP). We consider the hypothesis that ecosystem-level variations in pelagic and benthic energy flows from phytoplankton to fish, trophic transfer efficiencies, and fishing effort can quantitatively reconcile this contrast in an energetically consistent manner. To test this hypothesis, we enlist global fish catch data that include previously neglected contributions from small-scale fisheries, a synthesis of global fishing effort, and plankton food web energy flux estimates from a prototype high-resolution global earth system model (ESM). After removing a small number of lightly fished ecosystems, stark interregional differences in fish catch per unit area can be explained (r = 0.79) with an energy-based model that (i) considers dynamic interregional differences in benthic and pelagic energy pathways connecting phytoplankton and fish, (ii) depresses trophic transfer efficiencies in the tropics and, less critically, (iii) associates elevated trophic transfer efficiencies with benthic-predominant systems. Model catch estimates are generally within a factor of 2 of values spanning two orders of magnitude. Climate change projections show that the same macroecological patterns explaining dramatic regional catch differences in the contemporary ocean amplify catch trends, producing changes that may exceed 50% in some regions by the end of the 21st century under high-emissions scenarios. Models failing to resolve these trophodynamic patterns may significantly underestimate regional fisheries catch trends and hinder adaptation to climate change. C1 [Stock, Charles A.; John, Jasmin G.; Dunne, John P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Rykaczewski, Ryan R.] Univ South Carolina, Sch Earth Ocean & Environm, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Rykaczewski, Ryan R.] Univ South Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Asch, Rebecca G.; Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Cheung, William W. L.; Lam, Vicky W. Y.] Univ British Columbia, Nippon Fdn Nereus Program, Inst Oceans & Fisheries, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Friedland, Kevin D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Watson, Reg A.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarct Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Asch, Rebecca G.] East Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. RP Stock, CA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM charles.stock@noaa.gov OI Watson, Reg/0000-0001-7201-8865 FU Nippon Foundation-Nereus Program; Australian Research Council Discovery project [DP140101377] FX We acknowledge the CM2.6 Climate Model Development Team for their efforts to develop the physical climate simulation upon which ESM2.6 was built; Youngrak Cho and Whit Anderson for their work on the ESM2.6 animation; and Andrew Barton, Fernando Gonzalez-Taboada, Jason Link, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive input that improved the paper. We thank John D'Errico for providing the Matlab bounded multidimension search routine. W.W.L.C., V.W.Y.L., R.G.A., R.R.R., and J.L.S. acknowledge funding support from the Nippon Foundation-Nereus Program. R.A.W. acknowledges funding support from the Australian Research Council Discovery project support (Grant DP140101377). NR 86 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 21 PY 2017 VL 114 IS 8 BP E1441 EP E1449 DI 10.1073/pnas.1610238114 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EM1TI UT WOS:000395099500017 PM 28115722 ER PT J AU Gao, M Saide, PE Xin, JY Wang, YS Liu, ZR Wang, YX Wang, ZF Pagowski, M Guttikunda, SK Carmichael, GR AF Gao, Meng Saide, Pablo E. Xin, Jinyuan Wang, Yuesi Liu, Zirui Wang, Yuxuan Wang, Zifa Pagowski, Mariusz Guttikunda, Sarath K. Carmichael, Gregory R. TI Estimates of Health Impacts and Radiative Forcing in Winter Haze in Eastern China through Constraints of Surface PM2.5 Predictions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE MATTER CONCENTRATIONS; CHEMISTRY DATA ASSIMILATION; OPTICAL DEPTH ASSIMILATION; WRF-CHEM SIMULATIONS; STATISTICAL-INTERPOLATION; AIR-QUALITY; NORTH CHINA; MODEL; AEROSOLS; EMISSION AB The Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) Three-Dimensional Variational (3DVAR) data assimilation system is extended to treat the MOSAIC aerosol model in VVRF-Chem, and to be capable of assimilating surface PM2.5 concentrations. The coupled GSI-WRF-Chem system is applied to reproduce aerosol levels over China during an extremely polluted winter month, January 2013. After assimilating surface PM2.5 concentrations, the correlation coefficients between observations and model results averaged over the assimilated sites are improved from 0.67 to 0.94. At nonassimilated sites, improvements (higher correlation coefficients and lower mean bias errors (MBE) and root-mean square errors (RMSE)) are also found in PM2.5, PM10, and AOD predictions. Using the constrained aerosol fields, we estimate that the PM2.5 concentrations in January 2013 might have caused 7550 premature deaths in Jing-Jin-Ji areas, which are 2% higher than the estimates using unconstrained aerosol fields. We also estimate that the daytime monthly mean anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) to be -29.9W/m(2) at the surface, 27.0W/m(2) inside the atmosphere, and -2.9W/m(2) at the top of the atmosphere. Our estimates update the previously reported overestimations along Yangtze River region and underestimations in North China. This GSI-WRF-Chem system would also be potentially useful for air quality forecasting in China. C1 [Gao, Meng; Carmichael, Gregory R.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Gao, Meng; Carmichael, Gregory R.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Saide, Pablo E.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling ACOM Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Xin, Jinyuan; Wang, Yuesi; Liu, Zirui; Wang, Zifa] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yuxuan] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Wang, Yuxuan] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Minist Educ, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Pagowski, Mariusz] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Guttikunda, Sarath K.] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89119 USA. RP Gao, M; Carmichael, GR (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.; Gao, M; Carmichael, GR (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM meng-gao@uiowa.edu; gcarmich@engineering.uiowa.edu FU NASA Applied Science program [NNX11AI52G]; EPA STAR program [RD-83503701] FX This work was supported in part by Grants from NASA Applied Science (NNX11AI52G) and EPA STAR (RD-83503701) programs. Special thanks are given to Yuesi Wang and his research group for providing measurements to evaluate model performance. Additionally, we thank Hong-Bin Chen, Philippe Goloub, Huizheng Che, Pucai Wang, and Xiangao Xia for their efforts in establishing and maintaining the AERONET sites used in this study. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 21 PY 2017 VL 51 IS 4 BP 2178 EP 2185 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b03745 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL6ID UT WOS:000394724300032 PM 28102073 ER PT J AU Calderon-Jimenez, B Johnson, ME Bustos, ARM Murphy, KE Winchester, MR Baudrit, JRV AF Calderon-Jimenez, Bryan Johnson, Monique E. Bustos, Antonio R. Montoro Murphy, Karen E. Winchester, Michael R. Baudrit, Jose R. Vega TI Silver Nanoparticles: Technological Advances, Societal Impacts, and Metrological Challenges SO FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE silver nanoparticles; synthesis; characterization; environment health and safety; metrology; reference materials ID DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN; METAL NANOPARTICLES; NANO-SILVER; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IN-VITRO; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS AB Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) show different physical and chemical properties compared to their macroscale analogs. This is primarily due to their small size and, consequently, the exceptional surface area of these materials. Presently, advances in the synthesis, stabilization, and production of AgNPs have fostered a new generation of commercial products and intensified scientific investigation within the nanotechnology field. The use of AgNPs in commercial products is increasing and impacts on the environment and human health are largely unknown. This article discusses advances in AgNP production and presents an overview of the commercial, societal, and environmental impacts of this emerging nanoparticle (NP), and nanomaterials in general. Finally, we examine the challenges associated with AgNP characterization, discuss the importance of the development of NP reference materials (RMs) and explore their role as a metrological mechanism to improve the quality and comparability of NP measurements. C1 [Calderon-Jimenez, Bryan; Johnson, Monique E.; Bustos, Antonio R. Montoro; Murphy, Karen E.; Winchester, Michael R.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Calderon-Jimenez, Bryan] Natl Lab Metrol, Chem Metrol Div, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Baudrit, Jose R. Vega] Natl Ctr High Technol, Natl Lab Nanotechnol, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP Calderon-Jimenez, B (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Calderon-Jimenez, B (reprint author), Natl Lab Metrol, Chem Metrol Div, San Jose, Costa Rica.; Baudrit, JRV (reprint author), Natl Ctr High Technol, Natl Lab Nanotechnol, San Jose, Costa Rica. EM bcalderon@lacomet.go.cr; jvegab@gmail.com NR 290 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 27 U2 27 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 2296-2646 J9 FRONT CHEM JI Front. Chem. PD FEB 21 PY 2017 VL 5 AR 6 DI 10.3389/fchem.2017.00006 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EL1ZY UT WOS:000394421100001 PM 28271059 ER PT J AU Daveau, RS Balram, KC Pregnolato, T Liu, J Lee, EH Song, JD Verma, V Mirin, R Nam, SW Midolo, L Stobbe, S Srinivasan, K Lodahl, P AF Daveau, Raphael S. Balram, Krishna C. Pregnolato, Tommaso Liu, Jin Lee, Eun H. Song, Jin D. Verma, Varun Mirin, Richard Nam, Sae Woo Midolo, Leonardo Stobbe, Soren Srinivasan, Kartik Lodahl, Peter TI Efficient fiber-coupled single-photon source based on quantum dots in a photonic-crystal waveguide SO OPTICA LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE AB Many photonic quantum information processing applications would benefit from a high brightness, fiber-coupled source of triggered single photons. Here, we present a fiber-coupled photonic-crystal waveguide (PCWG) single-photon source relying on evanescent coupling of the light field from a tapered outcoupler to an optical fiber. A two-step approach is taken where the performance of the tapered outcoupler is recorded first on an independent device containing an on-chip reflector. Reflection measurements establish that the chip-to-fiber coupling efficiency exceeds 80%. The detailed characterization of a high-efficiency PCWG extended with a tapered outcoupling section is then performed. The corresponding overall single-photon source efficiency is 10.9% +/- 2.3%, which quantifies the success probability to prepare an exciton in the quantum dot, couple it out as a photon in the waveguide, and subsequently transfer it to the fiber. The applied outcoupling method is robust, stable over time, and broadband over several tens of nanometers, which makes it a highly promising pathway to increase the efficiency and reliability of planar chip-based single-photon sources. (C) 2017 Optical Society of America C1 [Daveau, Raphael S.; Pregnolato, Tommaso; Midolo, Leonardo; Stobbe, Soren; Lodahl, Peter] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Balram, Krishna C.; Liu, Jin; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Balram, Krishna C.; Liu, Jin] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lee, Eun H.; Song, Jin D.] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Optoelect Convergence Syst, Seoul 136791, South Korea. [Verma, Varun; Mirin, Richard; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Srinivasan, K (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov; lodahl@nbi.ku.dk FU Lundbeckfonden; Villum Fonden; Carlsbergfondet; European Research Council (ERC); Innovation Fund Denmark; Det Frie Forskningsrad (DFF); University of Maryland; NIST-CNST [70NANB10H193]; KIST Internal Program of flag-ship [2E26420] FX Lundbeckfonden; Villum Fonden; Carlsbergfondet; European Research Council (ERC) (ALLQUANTUM, SCALE); Innovation Fund Denmark; Det Frie Forskningsrad (DFF); Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and NIST-CNST (70NANB10H193); KIST Internal Program of flag-ship (2E26420). NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2334-2536 J9 OPTICA JI Optica PD FEB 20 PY 2017 VL 4 IS 2 BP 178 EP 184 DI 10.1364/OPTICA.4.000178 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA EL3RM UT WOS:000394536700002 ER PT J AU Li, Q Briles, TC Westly, DA Drake, TE Stone, JR Ilic, BR Diddams, SA Papp, SB Srinivasan, K AF Li, Qing Briles, Travis C. Westly, Daron A. Drake, Tara E. Stone, Jordan R. Ilic, B. Robert Diddams, Scott A. Papp, Scott B. Srinivasan, Kartik TI Stably accessing octave-spanning microresonator frequency combs in the soliton regime SO OPTICA LA English DT Article ID PULSE GENERATION; OPTICAL CLOCK; DISPERSION; CHIP; MODELOCKING; RESONATORS; MICROWAVE; LINK AB Microresonator frequency combs can be an enabling technology for optical frequency synthesis and timekeeping in low size, weight, and power architectures. Such systems require comb operation in low-noise, phase-coherent states such as solitons, with broad spectral bandwidths (e. g., octave-spanning) for self-referencing to detect the carrierenvelope offset frequency. However, accessing such states is complicated by thermo-optic dispersion. For example, in the Si3N4 platform, precisely dispersion-engineered structures can support broadband operation, but microsecond thermal time constants often require fast pump power or frequency control to stabilize the solitons. In contrast, here we consider how broadband soliton states can be accessed with simple pump laser frequency tuning, at a rate much slower than the thermal dynamics. We demonstrate octave-spanning soliton frequency combs in Si3N4 microresonators, including the generation of a multi-soliton state with a pump power near 40 mW and a single-soliton state with a pump power near 120 mW. We also develop a simplified two-step analysis to explain how these states are accessed without fast control of the pump laser, and outline the required thermal properties for such operation. Our model agrees with experimental results as well as numerical simulations based on a Lugiato-Lefever equation that incorporates thermo-optic dispersion. Moreover, it also explains an experimental observation that a member of an adjacent mode family on the red-detuned side of the pump mode can mitigate the thermal requirements for accessing soliton states. C1 [Li, Qing; Westly, Daron A.; Ilic, B. Robert; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Qing] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Briles, Travis C.; Drake, Tara E.; Stone, Jordan R.; Diddams, Scott A.; Papp, Scott B.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Drake, Tara E.; Stone, Jordan R.; Diddams, Scott A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Srinivasan, K (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM qing.li@nist.gov; kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) (DODOS); NIST-UMD [70NANB10H193]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-16-1-0016] FX Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) (DODOS); NIST-UMD (70NANB10H193); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) (FA9550-16-1-0016). NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2334-2536 J9 OPTICA JI Optica PD FEB 20 PY 2017 VL 4 IS 2 BP 193 EP 203 DI 10.1364/OPTICA.4.000193 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA EL3RM UT WOS:000394536700005 ER PT J AU Abdelrahman, H ElHady, M Alcivar-Warren, A Allen, S Al-Tobasei, R Bao, LS Beck, B Blackburn, H Bosworth, B Buchanan, J Chappell, J Daniels, W Dong, S Dunham, R Durland, E Elaswad, A Gomez-Chiarri, M Gosh, K Guo, XM Hackett, P Hanson, T Hedgecock, D Howard, T Holland, L Jackson, M Jin, YL Kahlil, K Kocher, T Leeds, T Li, N Lindsey, L Liu, SK Liu, ZJ Martin, K Novriadi, R Odin, R Palti, Y Peatman, E Proestou, D Qin, GY Reading, B Rexroad, C Roberts, S Salem, M Severin, A Shi, HT Shoemaker, C Stiles, S Tan, SX Tang, KFJ Thongda, W Tiersch, T Tomasso, J Prabowo, WT Vallejo, R van der Steen, H Vo, K Waldbieser, G Wang, HP Wang, XZ Xiang, JH Yang, YJ Yant, R Yuan, ZH Zeng, QF Zhou, T AF Abdelrahman, Hisham ElHady, Mohamed Alcivar-Warren, Acacia Allen, Standish Al-Tobasei, Rafet Bao, Lisui Beck, Ben Blackburn, Harvey Bosworth, Brian Buchanan, John Chappell, Jesse Daniels, William Dong, Sheng Dunham, Rex Durland, Evan Elaswad, Ahmed Gomez-Chiarri, Marta Gosh, Kamal Guo, Ximing Hackett, Perry Hanson, Terry Hedgecock, Dennis Howard, Tiffany Holland, Leigh Jackson, Molly Jin, Yulin Kahlil, Karim Kocher, Thomas Leeds, Tim Li, Ning Lindsey, Lauren Liu, Shikai Liu, Zhanjiang Martin, Kyle Novriadi, Romi Odin, Ramjie Palti, Yniv Peatman, Eric Proestou, Dina Qin, Guyu Reading, Benjamin Rexroad, Caird Roberts, Steven Salem, Mohamed Severin, Andrew Shi, Huitong Shoemaker, Craig Stiles, Sheila Tan, Suxu Tang, Kathy F. J. Thongda, Wilawan Tiersch, Terrence Tomasso, Joseph Prabowo, Wendy Tri Vallejo, Roger van der Steen, Hein Vo, Khoi Waldbieser, Geoff Wang, Hanping Wang, Xiaozhu Xiang, Jianhai Yang, Yujia Yant, Roger Yuan, Zihao Zeng, Qifan Zhou, Tao CA Aquaculture Genomics Genetics & Br TI Aquaculture genomics, genetics and breeding in the United States: current status, challenges, and priorities for future research SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Aquaculture; Genetic resources; Genome; Transcriptome; QTL; RNA-Seq; SNP; Fish; Shellfish ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; GROWTH-RELATED TRAITS; SHRIMP LITOPENAEUS-VANNAMEI; INFECTIOUS PANCREATIC NECROSIS; BASS MORONE-SAXATILIS; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS AB Advancing the production efficiency and profitability of aquaculture is dependent upon the ability to utilize a diverse array of genetic resources. The ultimate goals of aquaculture genomics, genetics and breeding research are to enhance aquaculture production efficiency, sustainability, product quality, and profitability in support of the commercial sector and for the benefit of consumers. In order to achieve these goals, it is important to understand the genomic structure and organization of aquaculture species, and their genomic and phenomic variations, as well as the genetic basis of traits and their interrelationships. In addition, it is also important to understand the mechanisms of regulation and evolutionary conservation at the levels of genome, transcriptome, proteome, epigenome, and systems biology. With genomic information and information between the genomes and phenomes, technologies for marker/causal mutation-assisted selection, genome selection, and genome editing can be developed for applications in aquaculture. A set of genomic tools and resources must be made available including reference genome sequences and their annotations (including coding and non-coding regulatory elements), genome-wide polymorphic markers, efficient genotyping platforms, high-density and high-resolution linkage maps, and transcriptome resources including non-coding transcripts. Genomic and genetic control of important performance and production traits, such as disease resistance, feed conversion efficiency, growth rate, processing yield, behaviour, reproductive characteristics, and tolerance to environmental stressors like low dissolved oxygen, high or low water temperature and salinity, must be understood. QTL need to be identified, validated across strains, lines and populations, and their mechanisms of control understood. Causal gene(s) need to be identified. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of important aquaculture traits need to be determined, and technologies for marker-assisted selection, causal gene/mutation-assisted selection, genome selection, and genome editing using CRISPR and other technologies must be developed, demonstrated with applicability, and application to aquaculture industries. Major progress has been made in aquaculture genomics for dozens of fish and shellfish species including the development of genetic linkage maps, physical maps, microarrays, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, transcriptome databases and various stages of genome reference sequences. This paper provides a general review of the current status, challenges and future research needs of aquaculture genomics, genetics, and breeding, with a focus on major aquaculture species in the United States: catfish, rainbow trout, Atlantic salmon, tilapia, striped bass, oysters, and shrimp. While the overall research priorities and the practical goals are similar across various aquaculture species, the current status in each species should dictate the next priority areas within the species. This paper is an output of the USDA Workshop for Aquaculture Genomics, Genetics, and Breeding held in late March 2016 in Auburn, Alabama, with participants from all parts of the United States. C1 [Abdelrahman, Hisham; Bao, Lisui; Chappell, Jesse; Daniels, William; Dong, Sheng; Dunham, Rex; Elaswad, Ahmed; Gosh, Kamal; Hanson, Terry; Howard, Tiffany; Holland, Leigh; Jin, Yulin; Kahlil, Karim; Li, Ning; Lindsey, Lauren; Liu, Shikai; Liu, Zhanjiang; Novriadi, Romi; Odin, Ramjie; Peatman, Eric; Qin, Guyu; Shi, Huitong; Tan, Suxu; Thongda, Wilawan; Tomasso, Joseph; Prabowo, Wendy Tri; Vo, Khoi; Wang, Xiaozhu; Yang, Yujia; Yuan, Zihao; Zeng, Qifan; Zhou, Tao] Auburn Univ, Sch Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [ElHady, Mohamed] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Alcivar-Warren, Acacia] Environm Genom Inc, POB 196, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. [Allen, Standish] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Aquaculture Genet & Breeding Technol Ctr, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Al-Tobasei, Rafet; Salem, Mohamed] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. [Beck, Ben; Shoemaker, Craig] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Blackburn, Harvey] USDA ARS, NL Wheat & Corn Collect Glance GRP, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Bosworth, Brian] USDA ARS, CGRU, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38701 USA. [Buchanan, John] Ctr Aquaculture Technol, 8395 Camino Santa Fe,Suite E, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Durland, Evan] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gomez-Chiarri, Marta] Dept Fisheries Anim & Vet Sci, 134 Woodward Hall,9 East Alumni Ave, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Guo, Ximing] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, Haskin Shellfish Res Lab, 6959 Miller Ave, Port Norris, NJ 08349 USA. [Hackett, Perry] Dept Genet Cell Biol & Dev, 5-108 MCB,420 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hedgecock, Dennis] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Jackson, Molly] Taylor Shellfish Farms, 130 SE Lynch RD, Shelton, WA 98584 USA. [Kocher, Thomas] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, 2132 Biosci Res Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Leeds, Tim; Vallejo, Roger] ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Martin, Kyle] Troutlodge, 27090 Us Highway 12, Naches, WA 98937 USA. [Proestou, Dina] Univ Rhode Isl, USDA ARS NEA NCWMAC Shellfish Genet, 469 CBLS,120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Reading, Benjamin] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Rexroad, Caird] USDA ARS, Off Natl Programs, George Washington Carver Ctr, Room 4-2106,5601 Sunnyside Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Roberts, Steven] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Severin, Andrew] Iowa State Univ, Off Biotechnol, Genome Informat Facil, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Stiles, Sheila] USDOC NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NEFSC, Milford Lab, Milford, CA 06460 USA. [Tang, Kathy F. J.] Univ Arizona, Sch Anim & Comparat Biomed Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Tiersch, Terrence] Louisiana State Univ, Aquat Germplasm & Genet Resources Ctr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. [van der Steen, Hein] Stonebridge Breeding Ltd, Gate House, Abbotswood WR11 4NS, Evesham, England. [Wang, Hanping] Ohio State Univ, South Ctr, Aquaculture Genet & Breeding Lab, Piketon, OH 45661 USA. [Xiang, Jianhai] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Expt Marine Biol, Inst Oceanol, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. [Yant, Roger] Hybrid Catfish Co, 1233 Montgomery Dr, Inverness, MS 38753 USA. RP Liu, ZJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM liuzhan@auburn.edu FU Animal Genomics, Genetics and Breeding Program of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2015-67015-22907]; USDA NRSP-8 Aquaculture Coordinator's funds FX The Aquaculture Genomics, Genetics and Breeding Workshop held in Auburn, Alabama, USA was supported partially by a part of a competitive grant from the Animal Genomics, Genetics and Breeding Program of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (#2015-67015-22907), and partially by USDA NRSP-8 Aquaculture Coordinator's funds. NR 224 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD FEB 20 PY 2017 VL 18 AR 191 DI 10.1186/s12864-017-3557-1 PG 23 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA EL1ZD UT WOS:000394419000002 ER PT J AU Sherley, RB Ludynia, K Dyer, BM Lamont, T Makhado, AB Roux, JP Scales, KL Underhill, LG Votier, SC AF Sherley, Richard B. Ludynia, Katrin Dyer, Bruce M. Lamont, Tarron Makhado, Azwianewi B. Roux, Jean-Paul Scales, Kylie L. Underhill, Les G. Votier, Stephen C. TI Metapopulation Tracking Juvenile Penguins Reveals an Ecosystem-wide Ecological Trap SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPHENISCUS-DEMERSUS; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MARINE; BENGUELA; SEABIRD; SEA; CONSERVATION; FISHERIES; MOVEMENT AB Climate change and fisheries are transforming the oceans, but we lack a complete understanding of their ecological impact [1-3]. Environmental degradation can cause maladaptive habitat selection, inducing ecological traps with profound consequences for biodiversity [4-6]. However, whether ecological traps operate in marine systems is unclear [7]. Large marine vertebrates may be vulnerable to ecological traps [6], but their broad-scale movements and complex life histories obscure the population-level consequences of habitat selection [8, 9]. We satellite tracked postnatal dispersal in African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) from eight sites across their breeding range to test whether they have become ecologically trapped in the degraded Benguela ecosystem. Bayesian state-space and habitat models show that penguins traversed thousands of square kilometers to areas of low sea surface temperatures (14.5 degrees C-17.5 degrees C) and high chlorophyll-a (similar to 11 mg m(-3)). These were once reliable cues for prey-rich waters, but climate change and industrial fishing have depleted forage fish stocks in this system [10, 11]. Juvenile penguin survival is low in populations selecting degraded areas, and Bayesian projection models suggest that breeding numbers are similar to 50% lower than if non-impacted habitats were used, revealing the extent and effect of a marine ecological trap for the first time. These cascading impacts of localized forage fish depletion unobserved in studies on adults were only elucidated via broad-scale movement and demographic data on juveniles. Our results support suspending fishing when prey biomass drops below critical thresholds [12, 13] and suggest that mitigation of marine ecological traps will require matching conservation action to the scale of ecological processes [14]. C1 [Sherley, Richard B.; Votier, Stephen C.] Univ Exeter, Environment & Sustainabil Inst, Penryn TR10 9FE, Cornwall, England. [Sherley, Richard B.] Bristol Zool Soc, Bristol Zoo Gardens, Bristol BS8 3HA, Avon, England. [Sherley, Richard B.; Roux, Jean-Paul] Univ Cape Town, Dept Biol Sci, Anim Demog Unit, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Ludynia, Katrin; Lamont, Tarron; Underhill, Les G.] Univ Cape Town, Marine Res Inst, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Dyer, Bruce M.; Lamont, Tarron; Makhado, Azwianewi B.] Dept Environm Affairs, Oceans & Coasts Branch, ZA-8000 Cape Town, South Africa. [Roux, Jean-Paul] Minist Fisheries & Marine Resources, POB 394, Luderitz, Namibia. [Scales, Kylie L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Scales, Kylie L.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, 99 Pacific St,Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Scales, Kylie L.] Univ Sunshine Coast, Sch Sci & Engn, Maroochydore, Qld 4558, Australia. RP Sherley, RB; Votier, SC (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Environment & Sustainabil Inst, Penryn TR10 9FE, Cornwall, England.; Sherley, RB (reprint author), Bristol Zool Soc, Bristol Zoo Gardens, Bristol BS8 3HA, Avon, England.; Sherley, RB (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Dept Biol Sci, Anim Demog Unit, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. EM r.sherley@exeter.ac.uk; s.c.votier@exeter.ac.uk FU Natural Environment Research Council [NE/G001014/1]; Bristol Zoological Society; Earthwatch Institute; Leiden Conservation Foundation; SANCCOB; CBP FX This study contributes to the Chick Bolstering Project (CBP) and SEACODE research group, Namibia. This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (grant number NE/G001014/1), Bristol Zoological Society, Earthwatch Institute, Leiden Conservation Foundation, SANCCOB, CBP donors (see http://tinyurl.com/SANCCOB-CBP), and our institutions. We thank SAN Parks, Robben Island Museum, Overstrand Municipality, CapeNature, Zeepaard Boat Tours, and numerous fieldwork assistants (see http://tinyurl.com/gubvd24); Stefano Casalegno and Michael Schaub for statistical advice; Mike Meyer for help with PTTs; Janet Coetzee for hydroacoustic survey maps; and Rob Crawford, Kevin Gaston, and Richard Inger for commenting on drafts. The GEKCO2 product was developed by Joel Sudre (LEGOS). The MODIS-Aqua data were from the Ocean Biology Processing Group at NASA (http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov). Dr. Nola Parsons (SAVC: D97/3987) and Dr. Lucy James (MRCVS: 6462618) provided veterinary supervision. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 EI 1879-0445 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD FEB 20 PY 2017 VL 27 IS 4 BP 563 EP 568 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.054 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA EL6IF UT WOS:000394724600028 PM 28190725 ER PT J AU Dzaugis, MP Allman, RJ Black, BA AF Dzaugis, Matthew P. Allman, Robert J. Black, Bryan A. TI Importance of the spring transition in the northern Gulf of Mexico as inferred from marine fish biochronologies SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Otolith; Growth; Chronology; Gulf of Mexico; Climate variation; Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation; Fisheries ID GROWTH-INCREMENT CHRONOLOGIES; SNAPPER LUTJANUS-CAMPECHANUS; CLIMATE-DRIVEN SYNCHRONY; GRAY SNAPPER; SCOMBEROMORUS-CAVALLA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; KING MACKEREL; TEMPERATURE; RED; VARIABILITY AB Linkages between climate variability and the productivity and functioning of Gulf of Mexico marine ecosystems remain poorly described, largely due to a lack of time series sufficiently long to establish robust bio-physical relationships. To address this issue, multidecadal biochronologies were generated from otolith growth-increment widths of red snapper Lutjanus campechanus, gray snapper L. griseus, black drum Pogonia cromis, and king mackerel Scomberomorus cavalla in the Gulf of Mexico. Synchronous growth patterns were evident among red snapper, gray snapper, and black drum, which all significantly (p < 0.05) correlated to one other, but not with king mackerel. Positive growth anomalies in the snapper and drum chronologies were associated with anomalously warm sea surface temperatures, southeast wind stress, and high sea level pressure in the western Atlantic during the early spring months, suggesting that an early transition from a winter to a summer climate pattern is favorable for growth. In contrast, the king mackerel chronology was dominated by decadal-scale patterns and significantly (p < 0.01) and negatively correlated to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. Overall, these results show the importance of the spring transition for resident species in the northern Gulf of Mexico, that growth among individuals in a migratory species can be synchronous, and that differences in life history and geography are reflected in climate-biology relationships. C1 [Dzaugis, Matthew P.; Black, Bryan A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Allman, Robert J.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Black, BA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. EM bryan.black@utexas.edu FU Allen Jacoby Coastal Conservation Association Scholarship; Texas Chapter of the American Fisheries Society Student Scholarship FX This research was supported by the Allen Jacoby Coastal Conservation Association Scholarship and the Texas Chapter of the American Fisheries Society Student Scholarship. We thank K. Edds and the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries for providing black drum otoliths, and C. Palmer for supplying king mackerel otoliths. We also thank W. P. Hall for aid in the lab as well as P. van der Sleen for comments that improved the manuscript. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD FEB 17 PY 2017 VL 565 BP 149 EP 162 DI 10.3354/meps12006 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EN5NF UT WOS:000396051700010 ER PT J AU Garrison, JR Mishmash, RV Fisher, MPA AF Garrison, James R. Mishmash, Ryan V. Fisher, Matthew P. A. TI Partial breakdown of quantum thermalization in a Hubbard-like model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MANY-BODY LOCALIZATION; QUANTIZED CHAOTIC SYSTEMS; DISORDER; ENTROPY; SPIN; ENTANGLEMENT; TRANSITION; DIFFUSION; INSULATOR; CHAINS AB We study the possible breakdown of quantum thermalization in a model of itinerant electrons on a one-dimensional chain without disorder, with both spin and charge degrees of freedom. The eigenstates of this model exhibit peculiar properties in the entanglement entropy, the apparent scaling of which is modified from a "volume law" to an "area law" after performing a partial, site-wise measurement on the system. These properties and others suggest that this model realizes a new, nonthermal phase of matter, known as a quantum disentangled liquid (QDL). The putative existence of this phase has striking implications for the foundations of quantum statistical mechanics. C1 [Garrison, James R.; Fisher, Matthew P. A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Garrison, James R.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Garrison, James R.] NIST, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Garrison, James R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mishmash, Ryan V.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Mishmash, Ryan V.] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat & Matter, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Mishmash, Ryan V.] CALTECH, Walter Burke Inst Theoret Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Garrison, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.; Garrison, JR (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Garrison, JR (reprint author), NIST, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Garrison, JR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU National Science Foundation [DMR-14-04230]; Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics at Caltech; Caltech Institute of Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Center for Scientific Computing at the CNSI; MRL: an NSF MRSEC [DMR-1121053]; NSF [CNS-0960316] FX We are grateful to Leon Balents, Bela Bauer, Erez Berg, Dominic Else, Fabian Essler, Keith Fratus, Steven Girvin, Tarun Grover, Katharine Hyatt, Robert Konik, Cheng-Ju Lin, Lesik Motrunich, Markus Muller, Chetan Nayak, Gil Refael, Sid Parameswaran, Neil Robinson, Mauro Schiulaz, Thomas Veness, and David Weld for enlightening discussions regarding this work. This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation, under Grant No. DMR-14-04230 (J.R.G. and M.P.A.F.), by the Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics at Caltech (R.V.M.), and by the Caltech Institute of Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. We acknowledge support from the Center for Scientific Computing at the CNSI and MRL: an NSF MRSEC (DMR-1121053) and NSF CNS-0960316. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 17 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 5 AR 054204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.95.054204 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA EL1GK UT WOS:000394368300004 ER PT J AU Rawl, R Ge, L Agrawal, H Kamiya, Y Dela Cruz, CR Butch, NP Sun, XF Lee, M Choi, ES Oitmaa, J Batista, CD Mourigal, M Zhou, HD Ma, J AF Rawl, R. Ge, L. Agrawal, H. Kamiya, Y. Dela Cruz, C. R. Butch, N. P. Sun, X. F. Lee, M. Choi, E. S. Oitmaa, J. Batista, C. D. Mourigal, M. Zhou, H. D. Ma, J. TI Ba8CoNb6O24: A spin-1/2 triangular-lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet in the two-dimensional limit SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CHAIN; WAVE AB The perovskite Ba8CoNb6O24 comprises equilateral effective spin-1/2 Co2+ triangular layers separated by six nonmagnetic layers. Susceptibility, specific heat, and neutron scattering measurements combined with high-temperature series expansions and spin-wave calculations confirm that Ba8CoNb6O24 is basically a two-dimensional magnet with no detectable spin anisotropy and no long-range magnetic ordering down to 0.06 K. In other words, Ba8CoNb6O24 is very close to be a realization of the paradigmatic spin-1/2 triangular Heisenberg model, which is not expected to exhibit symmetry breaking at finite temperatures according to the Mermin and Wagner theorem. C1 [Rawl, R.; Batista, C. D.; Zhou, H. D.; Ma, J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ge, L.; Mourigal, M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Agrawal, H.; Dela Cruz, C. R.; Batista, C. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA. [Kamiya, Y.] RIKEN, Condensed Matter Theory Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Butch, N. P.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sun, X. F.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Sun, X. F.] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Strongly Coupled Quantum Matter Phys, Anhua 230026, Peoples R China. [Sun, X. F.; Ma, J.] Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Microstruct, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Lee, M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Lee, M.; Choi, E. S.; Zhou, H. D.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Oitmaa, J.] Univ New South Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Batista, C. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Shull Wollan Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ma, J.] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Key Lab Artificial Struct & Quantum Control, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. RP Mourigal, M (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM mourigal@gatech.edu; hzhou10@utk.edu; jma3@sjtu.edu.cn RI Kamiya, Yoshitomo/B-6307-2012 OI Kamiya, Yoshitomo/0000-0002-0758-0234 FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2016YFA0300500]; College of Sciences and ORAU's Ralph E. Powe Junior Faculty Enhancement Award; JSPS [JP16H02206]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [11374277, U1532147]; National Basic Research Program of China [2015CB921201, 2016YFA0300103]; Opening Project of Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center [2015KF21]; State of Florida; U.S. Department of Energy; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; [NSF-DMR-1350002]; [NSF-DMR-1157490] FX J. M. thanks the support of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2016YFA0300500). R.R. and H.D.Z. thank the support of NSF-DMR-1350002. The work at Georgia Tech (L.G., M. M.) was supported by the College of Sciences and ORAU's Ralph E. Powe Junior Faculty Enhancement Award. Y.K. acknowledges support by JSPS Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research under Grant No. JP16H02206. X.F.S. acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 11374277 and No. U1532147), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grants No. 2015CB921201 and No. 2016YFA0300103), and the Opening Project of Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center (Grant No. 2015KF21). The work at NHMFL is supported by NSF-DMR-1157490, the State of Florida, and the U.S. Department of Energy. The work at ORNL High Flux Isotope Reactor was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 17 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 6 AR 060412 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.95.060412 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA EL1GN UT WOS:000394368600001 ER PT J AU Tam, DW Song, Y Man, HR Cheung, SC Yin, ZP Lu, XY Wang, WY Frandsen, BA Liu, L Gong, ZZ Ito, TU Cai, YP Wilson, MN Guo, SL Koshiishi, K Tian, W Hitti, B Ivanov, A Zhao, Y Lynn, JW Luke, GM Berlijn, T Maier, TA Uemura, YJ Dai, PC AF Tam, David W. Song, Yu Man, Haoran Cheung, Sky C. Yin, Zhiping Lu, Xingye Wang, Weiyi Frandsen, Benjamin A. Liu, Lian Gong, Zizhou Ito, Takashi U. Cai, Yipeng Wilson, Murray N. Guo, Shengli Koshiishi, Keisuke Tian, Wei Hitti, Bassam Ivanov, Alexandre Zhao, Yang Lynn, Jeffrey W. Luke, Graeme M. Berlijn, Tom Maier, Thomas A. Uemura, Yasutomo J. Dai, Pengcheng TI Uniaxial pressure effect on the magnetic ordered moment and transition temperatures in BaFe2-xTxAs2 (T = Co, Ni) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID IRON-BASED SUPERCONDUCTORS; SPIN DYNAMICS; NEMATIC ORDER AB We use neutron diffraction and muon spin relaxation to study the effect of in-plane uniaxial pressure on the antiferromagnetic (AF) orthorhombic phase in BaFe2As2 and its Co- and Ni-substituted members near optimal superconductivity. In the low-temperature AF ordered state, uniaxial pressure necessary to detwin the orthorhombic crystals also increases the magnetic ordered moment, reaching an 11% increase under 40 MPa for BaFe1.9Co0.1As2, and a 15% increase for BaFe1.915Ni0.085As2. We also observe an increase of the AF ordering temperature (TN) of about 0.25 K/MPa in all compounds, consistent with density functional theory calculations that reveal better Fermi surface nesting for itinerant electrons under uniaxial pressure. The doping dependence of the magnetic ordered moment is captured by combining dynamical mean field theory with density functional theory, suggesting that the pressure-induced moment increase near optimal superconductivity is closely related to quantum fluctuations and the nearby electronic nematic phase. C1 [Tam, David W.; Song, Yu; Man, Haoran; Lu, Xingye; Wang, Weiyi; Dai, Pengcheng] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Cheung, Sky C.; Frandsen, Benjamin A.; Liu, Lian; Gong, Zizhou; Uemura, Yasutomo J.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Yin, Zhiping; Dai, Pengcheng] Beijing Normal Univ, Ctr Adv Quantum Studies, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Yin, Zhiping; Dai, Pengcheng] Beijing Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Ito, Takashi U.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Cai, Yipeng; Wilson, Murray N.; Luke, Graeme M.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Guo, Shengli] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Phys, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Koshiishi, Keisuke] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113, Japan. [Tian, Wei] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hitti, Bassam] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Ivanov, Alexandre] Inst Laue Langevin, 71 Ave Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Zhao, Yang; Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Yang] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Berlijn, Tom; Maier, Thomas A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Berlijn, Tom; Maier, Thomas A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, PC (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA.; Dai, PC (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Ctr Adv Quantum Studies, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.; Dai, PC (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM pdai@rice.edu RI Luke, Graeme/A-9094-2010 FU U.S. [NSF-DMR-1362219, DMR-1436006]; Robert A. Welch Foundation [C-1839]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of BES, U.S. DOE; NSF [DMR-1436095, DMR-1610633]; Japan Atomic Energy Agency Reimei project; Friends of U. Tokyo Inc.; National Natural Science Foundation of China [11674030]; National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFA0302300]; NSERC; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; [NSF-DMR-1308603] FX The neutron scattering work at Rice is supported by the U.S. NSF-DMR-1362219 and DMR-1436006 (P.D.). The RPA calculations at Rice/ORNL are supported by NSF-DMR-1308603 (T.A.M. and P.D.). The materials synthesis efforts at Rice are supported by the Robert A. Welch Foundation Grant No. C-1839 (P.D.). The research at ORNL was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of BES, U.S. DOE. The DFT and Wannier function calculations were conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is a DOE's Scientific User Facility (T.B.). Work at Columbia and TRIUMF is supported by NSF DMR-1436095 (DMREF program) and DMR-1610633 (Y.J.U.), Japan Atomic Energy Agency Reimei project, and Friends of U. Tokyo Inc. The DFT+DMFT calculations at Beijing Normal University are supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11674030) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Contract No. 2016YFA0302300) (Z.P.Y.). Research at McMaster is supported by the NSERC and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 17 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 6 AR 060505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.95.060505 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA EL1GN UT WOS:000394368600002 ER PT J AU Wilson, WB Sander, LC Ona-Ruales, JO Mossner, SG Sidisky, LM Lee, ML Wise, SA AF Wilson, Walter B. Sander, Lane C. Ona-Ruales, Jorge O. Moessner, Stephanie G. Sidisky, Leonard M. Lee, Milton L. Wise, Stephen A. TI Retention behavior of isomeric polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles in gas chromatography on stationary phases of different selectivity SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; COAL-TAR; HYDROCARBONS PAHS; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CAPILLARY-COLUMN; COMPLEX MIXTURE; CRUDE-OIL; INDEXES AB Retention indices for 48 polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs) were determined using gas chromatography with three different stationary phases: a 50% phenyl phase, a 50% liquid crystalline dimethylpolysiloxane (LC-DMPS) phase, and an ionic liquid (IL) phase. Correlations between the retention behavior on the three stationary phases and PASH geometry (L/B and T, i.e., length-to-breadth ratio and thickness, respectively) were investigated for the following four isomer sets: (1) 4 three-ring molecular mass (MM) 184 Da PASHs, (2) 13 four-ring MM 234 Da PASHs, (3) 10 five-ring MM 258 Da PASHs, and (4) 20 five-ring MM 284 Da PASHs. Correlation coefficients for retention on the 50% LC-DMPS vs L/B ranged from r = 0.50 (MM 284 Da) to r=0.77 (MM 234 Da). Correlation coefficients for retention on the IL phase vs L/B ranged from r = 0.31 (MM 234 Da) to r = 0.54 (MM 284 Da). Correlation coefficients for retention on the 50% phenyl vs L/B ranged from r = 0.14 (MM 258 Da) to r = 0.59 (MM 284 Da). Several correlation trends are discussed in detail for the retention behavior of PASH on the three stationary phases. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wilson, Walter B.; Sander, Lane C.; Ona-Ruales, Jorge O.; Moessner, Stephanie G.; Wise, Stephen A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sidisky, Leonard M.] MilliporeSigma, Bellefonte, PA 16823 USA. [Lee, Milton L.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Ona-Ruales, Jorge O.] Nazarbayev Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan. RP Wilson, WB (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM walter.wilson@nist.gov NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD FEB 17 PY 2017 VL 1485 BP 120 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.024 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA EK6XW UT WOS:000394070600013 PM 28089272 ER PT J AU McLinden, MO Brown, JS Brignoli, R Kazakov, AF Domanski, PA AF McLinden, Mark O. Brown, J. Steven Brignoli, Riccardo Kazakov, Andrei F. Domanski, Piotr A. TI Limited options for low-global-warming-potential refrigerants SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR COMPRESSION CYCLE; THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS; PERFORMANCE; MODEL; R134A; LIQUID; PURE AB Hydrofluorocarbons, currently used as refrigerants in air-conditioning systems, are potent greenhouse gases, and their contribution to climate change is projected to increase. Future use of the hydrofluorocarbons will be phased down and, thus replacement fluids must be found. Here we show that only a few pure fluids possess the combination of chemical, environmental, thermodynamic, and safety properties necessary for a refrigerant and that these fluids are at least slightly flammable. We search for replacements by applying screening criteria to a comprehensive chemical database. For the fluids passing the thermodynamic and environmental screens (critical temperature and global warming potential), we simulate performance in small air-conditioning systems, including optimization of the heat exchangers. We show that the efficiency-versus-capacity trade-off that exists in an ideal analysis disappears when a more realistic system is considered. The maximum efficiency occurs at a relatively high volumetric refrigeration capacity, but there are few fluids in this range. C1 [McLinden, Mark O.; Kazakov, Andrei F.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway,Mailstop 647, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Brown, J. Steven] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Mech Engn, 620 Michigan Ave NE, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Brignoli, Riccardo; Domanski, Piotr A.] NIST, Div Energy & Environm, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8631, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McLinden, MO (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway,Mailstop 647, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM markm@boulder.nist.gov RI Brown, J. Steven/F-9841-2011 OI Brown, J. Steven/0000-0003-4914-7778 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-EE002057] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under contract no. DE-EE002057, with A. Bouza and B. Habibzadeh serving as Project Managers. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD FEB 17 PY 2017 VL 8 AR 14476 DI 10.1038/ncomms14476 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EK9GO UT WOS:000394232300001 PM 28211518 ER PT J AU Cannon, F Carvalho, LMV Jones, C Norris, J Bookhagen, B Kiladis, GN AF Cannon, Forest Carvalho, Leila M. V. Jones, Charles Norris, Jesse Bookhagen, Bodo Kiladis, George N. TI Effects of topographic smoothing on the simulation of winter precipitation in High Mountain Asia SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; RIVER DISCHARGE; TIBETAN PLATEAU; HIMALAYA; CLIMATE; KARAKORAM; WESTERN; MODEL; RESOLUTION; STORMS AB Numerous studies have projected future changes in High Mountain Asia water resources based on temperature and precipitation from global circulation models (GCMs) under future climate scenarios. Although the potential benefit of such studies is immense, coarse grid-scale GCMs are unable to resolve High Mountain Asia's complex topography and thus have a biased representation of regional weather and climate. This study investigates biases in the simulation of physical mechanisms that generate snowfall and contribute to snowpack in High Mountain Asia in coarse topography experiments using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Regional snowpack is event driven, thus 33 extreme winter orographic precipitation events are simulated at fine atmospheric resolution with 6.67 km resolution topography and smoothed 1.85 degrees x 1.25 degrees GCM topography. As with many modified topography experiments performed in other regions, the distribution of precipitation is highly dependent on first-order orographic effects, which dominate regional meteorology. However, we demonstrate that topographic smoothing enhances circulation in simulated extratropical cyclones, with significant impacts on orographic precipitation. Despite precipitation reductions of 28% over the highest ranges, due to reduced ascent on windward slopes, total precipitation over the study domain increased by an average of 9% in smoothed topography experiments on account of intensified extratropical cyclone dynamics and cross-barrier moisture flux. These findings identify an important source of bias in coarse-resolution simulated precipitation in High Mountain Asia, with important implications for the application of GCMs toward projecting future hydroclimate in the region. C1 [Cannon, Forest; Carvalho, Leila M. V.; Jones, Charles; Norris, Jesse] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Cannon, Forest; Carvalho, Leila M. V.; Jones, Charles; Norris, Jesse] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Bookhagen, Bodo] Univ Potsdam, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, Potsdam, Germany. [Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Cannon, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.; Cannon, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM fcannon@geog.ucsb.edu OI Bookhagen, Bodo/0000-0003-1323-6453; Jones, Charles/0000-0003-4808-6977 FU Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics Program, from the National Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS 1116105]; NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program [13-EARTH13F-26] FX This research was supported by the Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics Program, from the National Science Foundation (NSF award AGS 1116105) and by NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program (grant 13-EARTH13F-26). The CFSR data used in this research were developed by NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and provided by NCAR. All WRF model output generated for this study is available upon request through an FTP hosted by the Earth Research Institute at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Please email Forest Cannon (fcannon@eri.ucsb.edu) for data access. The authors also thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions for improving the manuscript. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2017 VL 122 IS 3 BP 1456 EP 1474 DI 10.1002/2016JD026038 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN6MX UT WOS:000396119200005 ER PT J AU Ai, YF Li, J Shi, WJ Schmit, TJ Cao, CY Li, WB AF Ai, Yufei Li, Jun Shi, Wenjing Schmit, Timothy J. Cao, Changyong Li, Wanbiao TI Deep convective cloud characterizations from both broadband imager and hyperspectral infrared soundermeasurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; ASIAN MONSOON REGION; LIFE-CYCLE; GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE; VARIATIONAL RETRIEVAL; TIBETAN PLATEAU; AIRS; SOUNDER; SYSTEMS; MODIS AB Deep convective storms have contributed to airplane accidents, making them a threat to aviation safety. The most common method to identify deep convective clouds (DCCs) is using the brightness temperature difference (BTD) between the atmospheric infrared (IR) window band and the water vapor (WV) absorption band. The effectiveness of the BTD method for DCC detection is highly related to the spectral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the WV band. In order to understand the sensitivity of BTD to spectral resolution and SNR for DCC detection, a BTD to noise ratio method using the difference between the WV and IR window radiances is developed to assess the uncertainty of DCC identification for different instruments. We examined the case of AirAsia Flight QZ8501. The brightness temperatures (Tbs) over DCCs from this case are simulated for BTD sensitivity studies by a fast forward radiative transfer model with an opaque cloud assumption for both broadband imager (e. g., Multifunction Transport Satellite imager, MTSAT-2 imager) and hyperspectral IR sounder (e. g., Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) instruments; we also examined the relationship between the simulated Tb and the cloud top height. Results show that despite the coarser spatial resolution, BTDs measured by a hyperspectral IR sounder are much more sensitive to high cloud tops than broadband BTDs. As demonstrated in this study, a hyperspectral IR sounder can identify DCCs with better accuracy. C1 [Ai, Yufei; Li, Wanbiao] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Ai, Yufei; Li, Jun; Shi, Wenjing] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Shi, Wenjing] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Schmit, Timothy J.; Cao, Changyong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jun.li@ssec.wisc.edu FU China Scholarship Council (CSC); NOAA GOES-R high-impact weather and proving ground programs; JPSS algorithm project FX The RTTOV model in this study was run on computers provided by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Space Science Engineering Center (SSEC). ECMWF is thanked for the operational model analysis data set. The data from AIRS, MTSAT-2, COMS-1, and Himawari-8 imagery were obtained from SSEC's Data Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/datacenter/). The CloudSat/CAPLISO data were obtained freely from the CloudSat Data Processing Center (http://www.cloudsat.cira.colostate.edu). This work was completed during Y. Ai and W. Shi's visit to the University of Wisconsin-Madison funded by the China Scholarship Council (CSC). This research is partly supported by the NOAA GOES-R high-impact weather and proving ground programs and the JPSS algorithm project. Tim Schmit, NOAA NESDIS STAR, is thanked for constructive comments on this manuscript. The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of any agency of the U.S. government. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2017 VL 122 IS 3 BP 1700 EP 1712 DI 10.1002/2016JD025408 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN6MX UT WOS:000396119200018 ER PT J AU Khan, AL Dierssen, H Schwarz, JP Schmitt, C Chlus, A Hermanson, M Painter, TH McKnight, DM AF Khan, Alia L. Dierssen, Heidi Schwarz, Joshua P. Schmitt, Carl Chlus, Adam Hermanson, Mark Painter, Thomas H. McKnight, Diane M. TI Impacts of coal dust from an active mine on the spectral reflectance of Arctic surface snow in Svalbard, Norway SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-ABSORBING IMPURITIES; INDUSTRIAL BLACK CARBON; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; GRAIN-SIZE; SOOT; ALBEDO; ANTARCTICA; DEPOSITION; PARTICLES AB Light-absorbing particles (LAPs) in snow such as dust and black carbon influence the radiative forcing at the Earth's surface, which has major implications for global climate models. LAPs also significantly influence the melting of glaciers, sea ice, and seasonal snow. Here we present an in situ study of surface snow near an active coal mine in the Norwegian Arctic. We couple measurements of spectral hemispherical directional reflectance factor (HDRF) with measurements of LAPs characterized in two ways, as refractory black carbon using a Single Particle Soot Photometer and the total light absorption of LAPs measured with the Light Absorption Heating Method. The Snow Ice and Aerosol Radiation model was constrained by LAP measurements. Results were compared to observed spectral albedo measurements. Modeled and observed albedos were similar at the cleaner and more remote sites. However, the modeled spectral albedos do not fully account for the low spectral albedo measured next to the mine. LAP measurements also showed a large variation in particle sizes (tenths to tens of microns) related to transport distance of the particles from the mine. Here we find that LAPs from coal dust reduce the spectral HDRF by up to 84% next to the mine and 55% 0.5 km downwind of the mine. The coupling of extreme LAP observations (1 ng g(-1) to 4863 ng g(-1)) with HDRF measurements from 350 to 2500nm has facilitated the development of spectral band pairs, which could be used in the future to remotely assess LAPs in Arctic snow. C1 [Khan, Alia L.; McKnight, Diane M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Khan, Alia L.; McKnight, Diane M.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Khan, Alia L.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dierssen, Heidi; Chlus, Adam] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Storrs, CT USA. [Schwarz, Joshua P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Schmitt, Carl] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Hermanson, Mark] Univ Ctr Svalbard, Dept Arctic Technol, Longyearbyen, Svalbard. [Painter, Thomas H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Khan, AL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Khan, AL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Khan, AL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM alia.khan@colorado.edu OI Schmitt, Carl/0000-0003-3829-6970 FU National Science Foundation-Graduate Research Fellowship Program [DGE 1144083]; Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Sciences (CUAHSI); U.S. NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry [NNX15AC32G, NNX13AH88G]; NASA FX The funding for Khan came from the National Science Foundation-Graduate Research Fellowship Program, AWARD DGE 1144083 and a Pathfinder Travel Fellowship from the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Sciences (CUAHSI). The field sampling was supported in conjunction with course AT-331 at the University Center in Svalbard (UNIS) in the Arctic Technology Department on Arctic Pollution. Funding for Dierssen and Chlus was provided by the U.S. NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry (NNX15AC32G and NNX13AH88G). Part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. We thank McKenzie Skiles and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier drafts of the paper. Supporting data are included as four tables in the supporting information file; any additional data may be obtained from A.L.K. (email: alia.khan@colorado.edu). McKnight acknowledges support for independent research while being a program officer at the National Science Foundation. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2017 VL 122 IS 3 BP 1767 EP 1778 DI 10.1002/2016JD025757 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN6MX UT WOS:000396119200022 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Henze, DK Grell, GA Torres, O Jethva, H Lamsal, LN AF Zhang, Li Henze, Daven K. Grell, Georg A. Torres, Omar Jethva, Hiren Lamsal, Lok N. TI What factors control the trend of increasing AAOD over the United States in the last decade? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; MINERAL DUST; GOCART MODEL; AEROSOL EMISSIONS; OPTICAL DEPTH; BLACK CARBON; EAST-ASIA; GEOS-CHEM; DEEP-SEA AB We examine the spatial and temporal trends of absorbing aerosol optical depth (AAOD) in the last decade over the United States (U. S.) observed by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). Monthly average OMI AAOD has increased over broad areas of the central U. S. from 2005 to 2015, by up to a factor of 4 in some grid cells (similar to 60 km resolution). The AAOD increases in all seasons, although the percentage increases are larger in summer (June-July-August) than in winter (December-January-February) by a factor of 3. Despite enhancements in AAOD, OMI AOD exhibits insignificant trend over most of the U. S. except parts of the central and western U. S., the latter which may partly be due to decreases in precipitation. Trends in AAOD contrast with declining trends in surface concentrations of black carbon (BC) aerosol. Interannual variability of local biomass burning emissions of BC may contribute to the positive trend in AAOD over the western U. S. Changes in both dust aerosol measured at the surface (in terms of concentration and size) and dust AAOD indicate distinct enhancements, especially over the central U. S. by 50-100%, which appears to be one of the major factors that impacts positive trends in AAOD. C1 [Zhang, Li] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, Li; Henze, Daven K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, Li; Grell, Georg A.] NOAA, Global Syst Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Torres, Omar; Lamsal, Lok N.] NOAA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Jethva, Hiren; Lamsal, Lok N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, GESTAR Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Zhang, L (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Zhang, L (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Zhang, L (reprint author), NOAA, Global Syst Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM li.zhang@colorado.edu FU NASA [NNX15AC30G]; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-STAR grant [RD-83503701-0]; U.S. EPA's STAR program [RD-83503701-0] FX This work was supported from NASA grant NNX15AC30G and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-STAR grant RD-83503701-0. Although the research described in the article has been funded wholly or in part by the U.S. EPA's STAR program through grant (RD-83503701-0), it has not been subjected to any EPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. The OMI data for this paper are freely available from https://earthdata.nasa.gov/ and properly cited and referred to in the reference list. The Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environment (IMPROVE) data are freely available at http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/improve/. The source code for the GEOS-Chem model used in this study is freely available at http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/. The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions that have contributed to improve this paper. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2017 VL 122 IS 3 BP 1797 EP 1810 DI 10.1002/2016JD025472 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN6MX UT WOS:000396119200024 ER PT J AU Lin, L Zou, XL Weng, FZ AF Lin, Lin Zou, Xiaolei Weng, Fuzhong TI Combining CrIS double CO2 bands for detecting clouds located in different layers of the atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTS AB Detection of clouds within certain vertical layers of the atmosphere from satellite infrared instruments is challenging, especially of those optically thin clouds due to their small thermal contrasts to the background. This study develops a new method for cloud detection by using the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) hyperspectral radiances at shortwave (similar to 4.3 mu m) and longwave (similar to 15 mu m) CO2 bands. Specifically, CrIS longwave channels are first paired with shortwave channels based on weighting function altitudes and sensitivity to clouds. A linear relationship of brightness temperatures between each paired channel is then derived for predicting the shortwave channel from the longwave channel in clear-sky conditions. A cloud emission and scattering index (CESI) can finally be defined as the difference of the paired shortwave channel between the clear-sky, regression model predicted and the observed brightness temperatures. Spatial distributions of such derived CESI for several paired channels in the troposphere are examined for a winter storm that occurred in the eastern part of the United States during 22-24 January 2016. It is shown that the CESI values over the storm regions with optically thin cirrus, fog, and supercooled water clouds are positively larger than those over optically thick opaque ice and overshooting clouds or in clear-sky conditions. Of particular interest is that an area of fog and water clouds over Gulf of Mexico, which are indicated by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite day and night band observations, is identified by the CESI. The global distribution of CESIs derived from CrIS double CO2 bands with weighting functions peak around 321 hPa agrees well with the distribution of ice cloud optical thickness from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder version 6 cloud product data set in both daytime and nighttime. C1 [Lin, Lin] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Zou, Xiaolei] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. RP Zou, XL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM xzou1@umd.edu FU JPSS Proving Ground and Risk Reduction (PGRR) Program [NA14NES4320003]; HFIP project [NA15NWS4680002] FX The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of NOAA. This research work was jointly supported by the JPSS Proving Ground and Risk Reduction (PGRR) Program (project NA14NES4320003) and HFIP project (project NA15NWS4680002). The data used for this paper can be obtained by emailing to Lin.Lin@noaa.gov. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2017 VL 122 IS 3 BP 1811 EP 1827 DI 10.1002/2016JD025505 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN6MX UT WOS:000396119200025 ER PT J AU Bagley, JE Jeong, S Cui, XG Newman, S Zhang, JS Priest, C Campos-Pineda, M Andrews, AE Bianco, L Lloyd, M Lareau, N Clements, C Fischer, ML AF Bagley, Justin E. Jeong, Seongeun Cui, Xinguang Newman, Sally Zhang, Jingsong Priest, Chad Campos-Pineda, Mixtli Andrews, Arlyn E. Bianco, Laura Lloyd, Matthew Lareau, Neil Clements, Craig Fischer, Marc L. TI Assessment of an atmospheric transport model for annual inverse estimates of California greenhouse gas emissions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LOW-LEVEL WINDS; WEATHER RESEARCH; NORTH-AMERICA; STILT MODEL; CO2; SIMULATIONS; UNCERTAINTY; IRRIGATION; IMPACTS AB Atmospheric inverse estimates of gas emissions depend on transport model predictions, hence driving a need to assess uncertainties in the transport model. In this study we assess the uncertainty in WRF-STILT (Weather Research and Forecasting and Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport) model predictions using a combination of meteorological and carbon monoxide (CO) measurements. WRF configurations were selected to minimize meteorological biases using meteorological measurements of winds and boundary layer depths from surface stations and radar wind profiler sites across California. We compare model predictions with CO measurements from four tower sites in California from June 2013 through May 2014 to assess the seasonal biases and random errors in predicted CO mixing ratios. In general, the seasonal mean biases in boundary layer wind speed (< similar to 0.5 m/s), direction (< similar to 15 degrees), and boundary layer height (< similar to 200 m) were small. However, random errors were large (similar to 1.5-3.0 m/s for wind speed, similar to 40-60 degrees for wind direction, and similar to 300-500m for boundary layer height). Regression analysis of predicted and measured CO yielded near-unity slopes (i. e., within 1.0 +/- 0.20) for the majority of sites and seasons, though a subset of sites and seasons exhibit larger (similar to 30%) uncertainty, particularly when weak winds combined with complex terrain in the South Central Valley of California. Looking across sites and seasons, these results suggest that WRF-STILT simulations are sufficient to estimate emissions of CO to up to 15% on annual time scales across California. C1 [Bagley, Justin E.; Jeong, Seongeun; Cui, Xinguang; Fischer, Marc L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Newman, Sally] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Zhang, Jingsong; Priest, Chad; Campos-Pineda, Mixtli] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Zhang, Jingsong; Priest, Chad; Campos-Pineda, Mixtli] Univ Calif Riverside, Air Pollut Res Ctr, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Andrews, Arlyn E.; Bianco, Laura] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Lloyd, Matthew; Lareau, Neil; Clements, Craig] San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Climate Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Jeong, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sjeong@lbl.gov FU UC MEXUS-CONACYT Doctoral Fellowship; California Air Resources Board Research Division; Natural Gas Research Program of the California Energy Commission under U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Dave Field, Dave Bush, Edward Wahl, Ken Reichl, Toby Walpert, and particularly Jon Kofler for assistance with measurements at WGC; John Lin, Christoph Gerbig, Steve Wofsy, Janusz Eluszkiewicz, and Thomas Nehrkorn for sharing the STILT code and advice; Paul Novelli for CO measurements used to estimate the CO background; Ying-Kuang Hsu, Bart Croes, Jorn Horner, Abhilash Vijayan, Vernon Hughes, and Webster Tassat for sharing CARB CO emission maps; and Krishna Muriki for assistance running the WRF-STILT models on the LBNL-Lawrencium cluster. Mixtli Campos-Pineda thanks a UC MEXUS-CONACYT Doctoral Fellowship. The measured and predicted CO data used in the analysis are shown in Figures 4-7 by season, and CO emission maps were obtained from the California Air Resources Board. This study was supported by the California Air Resources Board Research Division and the Natural Gas Research Program of the California Energy Commission under U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2017 VL 122 IS 3 BP 1901 EP 1918 DI 10.1002/2016JD025361 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN6MX UT WOS:000396119200031 ER PT J AU Lamsal, LN Janz, SJ Krotkov, NA Pickering, KE Spurr, RJD Kowalewski, MG Loughner, CP Crawford, JH Swartz, WH Herman, JR AF Lamsal, L. N. Janz, S. J. Krotkov, N. A. Pickering, K. E. Spurr, R. J. D. Kowalewski, M. G. Loughner, C. P. Crawford, J. H. Swartz, W. H. Herman, J. R. TI High-resolution NO2 observations from the Airborne Compact Atmospheric Mapper: Retrieval and validation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTION; SURFACE REFLECTANCE ANISOTROPY; TROPOSPHERIC NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; MAX-DOAS MEASUREMENTS; IN-SITU; SATELLITE RETRIEVALS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; DISCOVER-AQ; AIR-QUALITY AB Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a short-lived atmospheric pollutant that serves as an air quality indicator and is itself a health concern. The Airborne Compact Atmospheric Mapper (ACAM) was flown on board the NASA UC-12 aircraft during the Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality Maryland field campaign in July 2011. The instrument collected hyperspectral remote sensing measurements in the 304-910nm range, allowing daytime observations of several tropospheric pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), at an unprecedented spatial resolution of 1.5 x 1.1 km(2). Retrievals of slant column abundance are based on the differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. For the air mass factor computations needed to convert these retrievals to vertical column abundance, we include high-resolution information for the surface reflectivity by using bidirectional reflectance distribution function data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer. We use high-resolution simulated vertical distributions of NO2 from the Community Multiscale Air Quality and Global Modeling Initiative models to account for the temporal variation in atmospheric NO2 to retrieve middle and lower tropospheric NO2 columns (NO2 below the aircraft). We compare NO2 derived from ACAM measurements with in situ observations from NASA's P-3B research aircraft, total column observations from the ground-based Pandora spectrometers, and tropospheric column observations from the space-based Ozone Monitoring Instrument. The high-resolution ACAM measurements not only give new insights into our understanding of atmospheric composition and chemistry through observation of subsampling variability in typical satellite and model resolutions, but they also provide opportunities for testing algorithm improvements for forthcoming geostationary air quality missions. C1 [Lamsal, L. N.; Kowalewski, M. G.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Lamsal, L. N.; Janz, S. J.; Krotkov, N. A.; Pickering, K. E.; Kowalewski, M. G.; Loughner, C. P.; Herman, J. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Spurr, R. J. D.] RT Solut, Cambridge, MA USA. [Loughner, C. P.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Loughner, C. P.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. [Crawford, J. H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Swartz, W. H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Herman, J. R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Lamsal, LN (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD 21046 USA.; Lamsal, LN (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM lok.lamsal@nasa.gov OI Krotkov, Nickolay/0000-0001-6170-6750; Loughner, Christopher/0000-0002-3833-2014 FU NASA's Earth Venture DISCOVER-AQ project FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that improved the manuscript. We would like to thank Andrew J. Weinheimer from the National Center for Atmospheric Research for making the P-3B data available. The data generated from this study will be made available from NASA's DISCOVER-AQ archive (http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/missions/discover-aq/dataaccess.htm). The model data and routines used to make figures will be made available from the authors upon request. The work was supported by NASA's Earth Venture DISCOVER-AQ project. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2017 VL 122 IS 3 BP 1953 EP 1970 DI 10.1002/2016JD025483 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN6MX UT WOS:000396119200034 ER PT J AU Nicely, JM Salawitch, RJ Canty, T Anderson, DC Arnold, SR Chipperfield, MP Emmons, LK Flemming, J Huijnen, V Kinnison, DE Lamarque, JF Mao, JQ Monks, SA Steenrod, SD Tilmes, S Turquety, S AF Nicely, Julie M. Salawitch, Ross J. Canty, Timothy Anderson, Daniel C. Arnold, Steve R. Chipperfield, Martyn P. Emmons, Louisa K. Flemming, Johannes Huijnen, Vincent Kinnison, Douglas E. Lamarque, Jean-Francois Mao, Jingqiu Monks, Sarah A. Steenrod, Stephen D. Tilmes, Simone Turquety, Solene TI Quantifying the causes of differences in tropospheric OH within global models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CHEMISTRY TRANSPORT MODEL; BIOMASS BURNING POLLUTION; EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; OXIDATIVE CAPACITY; METHANE LIFETIME; NEURAL-NETWORKS; OZONE; DEGRADATION AB The hydroxyl radical (OH) is the primary daytime oxidant in the troposphere and provides the main loss mechanism for many pollutants and greenhouse gases, including methane (CH4). Global mean tropospheric OH differs by as much as 80% among various global models, for reasons that are not well understood. We use neural networks (NNs), trained using archived output from eight chemical transport models (CTMs) that participated in the Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements and Models, of Climate, Chemistry, Aerosols and Transport Model Intercomparison Project (POLMIP), to quantify the factors responsible for differences in tropospheric OH and resulting CH4 lifetime (tau(CH4)) between these models. Annual average tau(CH4), for loss by OH only, ranges from 8.0 to 11.6 years for the eight POLMIP CTMs. The factors driving these differences were quantified by inputting 3-D chemical fields from one CTM into the trained NN of another CTM. Across all CTMs, the largest mean differences in tCH4 (Delta tau(CH4)) result from variations in chemical mechanisms (Delta tau(CH4) = 0.46 years), the photolysis frequency (J) of O-3 -> O(D-1) (0.31 years), local O-3 (0.30 years), and CO (0.23 years). The Delta tau(CH4) due to CTM differences in NOx (NO + NO2) is relatively low (0.17 years), although large regional variation in OH between the CTMs is attributed to NOx. Differences in isoprene and J(NO2) have negligible overall effect on globally averaged tropospheric OH, although the extent of OH variations due to each factor depends on the model being examined. This study demonstrates that NNs can serve as a useful tool for quantifying why tropospheric OH varies between global models, provided that essential chemical fields are archived. C1 [Nicely, Julie M.; Salawitch, Ross J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nicely, Julie M.; Steenrod, Stephen D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Nicely, Julie M.; Steenrod, Stephen D.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Salawitch, Ross J.; Canty, Timothy; Anderson, Daniel C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Salawitch, Ross J.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Arnold, Steve R.; Chipperfield, Martyn P.] Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Chipperfield, Martyn P.] Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Emmons, Louisa K.; Kinnison, Douglas E.; Lamarque, Jean-Francois; Tilmes, Simone] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Flemming, Johannes] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England. [Huijnen, Vincent] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Mao, Jingqiu] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Mao, Jingqiu] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Monks, Sarah A.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Monks, Sarah A.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Turquety, Solene] UPMC Univ Paris 6, Sorbonne Univ, IPSL, Lab Meteorol Dynam, Paris, France. RP Nicely, JM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Nicely, JM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Nicely, JM (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. EM julie.m.nicely@nasa.gov RI Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; OI Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Kinnison, Douglas/0000-0002-3418-0834; Huijnen, Vincent/0000-0002-2814-8475; Nicely, Julie/0000-0003-4828-0032 FU NASA Modeling and Analysis Program; NASA; National Science Foundation; European Union [283576] FX We thank the three anonymous reviewers for providing constructive feedback that led to improvement of this manuscript. We also thank Bryan Duncan for helpful discussions concerning the development of this method. The POLMIP model simulations are available upon request to the authors (julie.m.nicely@nasa.gov). Work conducted at the University of Maryland was supported, in part, by the NASA Modeling and Analysis Program. J.M.N. was also supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Universities Space Research Association under contract with NASA. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is funded by the National Science Foundation. V.H. acknowledges funding by the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) for MACC III under grant agreement 283576. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2017 VL 122 IS 3 BP 1983 EP 2007 DI 10.1002/2016JD026239 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN6MX UT WOS:000396119200036 ER PT J AU Mao, YM Liu, K Zhan, CB Geng, LH Chu, B Hsiao, BS AF Mao, Yimin Liu, Kai Zhan, Chengbo Geng, Lihong Chu, Benjamin Hsiao, Benjamin S. TI Characterization of Nanocellulose Using Small-Angle Neutron, X-ray, and Dynamic Light Scattering Techniques SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SYMMETRIC TOP MACROMOLECULES; TEMPO-MEDIATED OXIDATION; HYDROGEN-BONDING SYSTEM; CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS; DILUTE-SOLUTION; HYDRODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; CIRCULAR-CYLINDERS; INTEGRAL-EQUATIONS; POLYMER COMPOSITES; FIBER DIFFRACTION AB Nanocellulose extracted from wood pulps using TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical)-mediated oxidation and sulfuric acid hydrolysis methods was characterized by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. The dimensions of this nanocellulose (TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN) and sulfuric acid hydrolyzed cellulose nanocrystal (SACN)) revealed by the different scattering methods were compared with those characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The SANS and SAXS data were analyzed using a parallelepiped-based form factor. The width and thickness of the nanocellulose cross section were similar to 8 and similar to 2 nm for TOCN and similar to 2 and similar to 3 nm for SACN, respectively, where the fitting results from SANS and SAXS profiles were consistent with each other. DLS was carried out under both the V-v mode with the polarizer and analyzer parallel to each other and the H-v mode having them perpendicular to each other. Using rotational and translational diffusion coefficients obtained under the Hv mode yielded a nanocellulose length qualitatively consistent with that observed by TEM, whereas the length derived by the translational diffusion coefficient under the Vv mode appeared to be overestimated. C1 [Mao, Yimin] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mao, Yimin] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Kai; Zhan, Chengbo; Geng, Lihong; Chu, Benjamin; Hsiao, Benjamin S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Mao, YM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Mao, YM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Hsiao, BS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM yimin.mao@nist.gov; benjamin.hsiao@stonybrook.edu FU National Science Foundation through the SusChEM program [DMR1409507]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors acknowledge the financial support of the National Science Foundation through the SusChEM program (DMR1409507). The authors also thank the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), U.S. Department of Commerce, for providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. We also want to thank Beamline 7.3.3 of the Advanced Light Source (supported by the Director of the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231) for providing the small-angle X-ray facility. Y.M. thanks Dr. Vivek M. Prabhu in the Material Measurement Laboratory (MML) division at NIST for providing the light scattering device. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD FEB 16 PY 2017 VL 121 IS 6 BP 1340 EP 1351 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b11425 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA EL2WY UT WOS:000394482400018 PM 28150497 ER PT J AU Liu, Y AF Liu, Yun TI Intermediate scattering function for macromolecules in solutions probed by neutron spin echo SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID CONCENTRATED LYSOZYME SOLUTIONS; CLUSTER FORMATION; PROTEIN DYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; VISCOSITY; MOTION; PHASE AB The neutron-spin-echo method (NSE) is a powerful technique for studying internal dynamics of macromolecules in solutions because it can simultaneously probe length and time scales comparable to intramolecular density fluctuations of macromolecules. Recently, there has been increased, strong interest in studying protein internal motions using NSE. The coherent intermediate scattering function (ISF) measured by NSE depends on internal, rotational, and translational motions of macromolecules in solutions. It is thus critical, but highly nontrivial, to separate the internal motion from other motions in order to properly understand protein internal dynamics. Even though many experiments are performed at relatively high concentrations, current theories of calculating the ISF of concentrated protein solutions are either inaccurate or flawed by incorrect assumptions for realistic protein systems with anisotropic shapes. Here, a theoretical framework is developed to establish the quantitative relationship of different motions included in the ISF. This theory based on the dynamic decoupling approximation is applicable to a wide range of protein concentrations, including dilute cases. It is also, in general, useful for studying many other types of macromolecule systems studied by NSE. C1 [Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Liu, Y (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM yun.liu@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce [70NANB15H260, 70NANB12H239] FX The author gratefully acknowledges discussions with Antonio Faraone, Michihiro Nagao, and Norm Berk. This manuscript was prepared under the partial support of the Cooperative Agreements No. 70NANB15H260 and No. 70NANB12H239 from National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB 16 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 2 AR 020501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.95.020501 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA EK7GP UT WOS:000394094500001 PM 28297913 ER PT J AU Xiang, BQ Zhao, M Held, IM Golaz, JC AF Xiang, Baoqiang Zhao, Ming Held, Isaac M. Golaz, Jean-Christophe TI Predicting the severity of spurious "double ITCZ" problem in CMIP5 coupled models from AMIP simulations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SEASONAL CYCLE; CLIMATE MODELS; OCEAN; PRECIPITATION; CLOUDS; SYSTEM; BIASES; GCM AB The severity of the double Intertropical Convergence Zone (DI) problem in climate models can be measured by a tropical precipitation asymmetry index (PAI), indicating whether tropical precipitation favors the Northern Hemisphere or the Southern Hemisphere. Examination of 19 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 models reveals that the PAI is tightly linked to the tropical sea surface temperature (SST) bias. As one of the factors determining the SST bias, the asymmetry of tropical net surface heat flux in Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulations is identified as a skillful predictor of the PAI change from an AMIP to a coupled simulation, with an intermodel correlation of 0.90. Using tropical top-of-atmosphere (TOA) fluxes, the correlations are lower but still strong. However, the extratropical asymmetries of surface and TOA fluxes in AMIP simulations cannot serve as useful predictors of the PAI change. This study suggests that the largest source of the DI bias is from the tropics and from atmospheric models. C1 [Xiang, Baoqiang; Zhao, Ming; Held, Isaac M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Xiang, Baoqiang] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Golaz, Jean-Christophe] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Xiang, BQ (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.; Xiang, BQ (reprint author), Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM baoqiang.xiang@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Climate Program Office Climate Variability and Predictability Program [GC14-252]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors thank the comments from Max Popp and Linjiong Zhou. The work is supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office Climate Variability and Predictability Program (GC14-252). Work at LLNL was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The authors acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 16 PY 2017 VL 44 IS 3 BP 1520 EP 1527 DI 10.1002/2016GL071992 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EN6LH UT WOS:000396115000039 ER PT J AU Fonseca, M Piniak, GA Cosentino-Manning, N AF Fonseca, Mark Piniak, Gregory A. Cosentino-Manning, Natalie TI Susceptibility of seagrass to oil spills: A case study with eelgrass, Zostera marina in San Francisco Bay, USA SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Oil; Seagrass; San Francisco Bay; Cosco Busan; Eelgrass; Zostera marina; PAM ID MODULATED PAM FLUOROMETRY; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY; TROPICAL SEAGRASSES; CRUDE-OIL; IN-SITU; COMMUNITY; IMPACT; PETROCHEMICALS; PRODUCTIVITY AB Existing literature illustrates inconsistent responses of seagrasses to oil exposure, both in the field and in the laboratory. Here, we add a new study that combined morphometric, demographic and photophysiology assessments to determine the potential oiling impacts to eelgrass (Zostera marina) from the 2007 Cosco Busan event in San Francisco Bay. Shoot densities, reproductive status, and rhizome elongation of Z. marina were examined at sites with pre-spill data, and eelgrass photosynthetic efficiency was measured post-spill. Shoot densities and percent elongation of rhizome internodes formed after the oil spill varied but with no consistent relationship to adjacent shoreline cleanup assessment team (SCAT) oiling categories. Similarly, differences in seagrass photosynthetic efficiency were not consistent with SCAT oiling categories. While thresholds for negative impacts on seagrass in general remain to be defined, conclusive oiling indicators for degree and duration of exposure would be important considerations and need examination under controlled study. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fonseca, Mark] CSA Ocean Sci Inc, 8502 SW Kansas Ave, Stuart, FL 33974 USA. [Piniak, Gregory A.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Cosentino-Manning, Natalie] NOAA, Fisheries Restorat Ctr Damage Assessment SW Reg, 777 Sonoma Ave,Suite 219-A, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. [Piniak, Gregory A.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Fonseca, M (reprint author), CSA Ocean Sci Inc, 8502 SW Kansas Ave, Stuart, FL 33974 USA. EM fonseca.mark@gmail.com FU NOAA (NOAA Fisheries Restoration Center / Damage Assessment, Southwest Region); NOAA (National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science); Cosco Busan Trustee Council; CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. FX Funding for this study and its completion was provided by NOAA (NOAA Fisheries Restoration Center / Damage Assessment, Southwest Region; National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science) in collaboration with the Cosco Busan Trustee Council and CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. We appreciate the assistance from Kathy Boyer and her students at San Francisco State University's Romberg Tiburon center for vessels and facilities support. Christine Addison provided field sampling support and contributed to early versions of the manuscript, and Andrew Mason assisted with graphics. The manuscript was substantively improved by comments from an anonymous reviewer, Matthew Zafonte (California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Office of Spill Prevention and Response) and Dave Whitall (NOAA). The US Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology program graciously loaned the PAM fluorometer for this work. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD FEB 15 PY 2017 VL 115 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.11.029 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EL1RX UT WOS:000394399800016 PM 27894724 ER PT J AU van der Hoop, JM Corkeron, P Henry, AG Knowlton, AR Moore, MJ AF van der Hoop, Julie M. Corkeron, Peter Henry, Allison G. Knowlton, Amy R. Moore, Michael J. TI Predicting lethal entanglements as a consequence of drag from fishing gear SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Drag; Right whale; Serious injury; Body condition; Entanglement duration; Large whale(s) ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; EUBALAENA-GLACIALIS; BALEEN WHALES; POWER OUTPUT; SEA; DISENTANGLEMENT; GROWTH AB Large whales are frequently entangled in fishing gear and sometimes swim while carrying gear for days to years. Entangled whales are subject to additional drag forces requiring increased thrust power and energy expenditure over time. To classify entanglement cases and aid potential disentanglement efforts, it is useful to know how long an entangled whale might survive, given the unique configurations of the gear they are towing. This study establishes an approach to predict drag forces on fishing gear that entangles whales, and applies this method to ten North Atlantic right whale cases to estimate the resulting increase in energy expenditure and the critical entanglement duration that could lead to death. Estimated gear drag ranged 11-275 N. Most entanglements were resolved before critical entanglement durations (mean +/- SD +/- 216 +/- 260 days) were reached. These estimates can assist real-time development of disentanglement action plans and U.S. Federal Serious Injury assessments required for protected species. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [van der Hoop, Julie M.] MIT, Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Joint Program Oceanog & Appl Ocean Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [van der Hoop, Julie M.; Moore, Michael J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Corkeron, Peter; Henry, Allison G.] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Knowlton, Amy R.] Cent Wharf, New England Aquarium, Boston, MA 02110 USA. RP van der Hoop, JM (reprint author), MIT, Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Joint Program Oceanog & Appl Ocean Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM jvanderhoop@whoi.edu OI van der Hoop, Julie/0000-0003-2327-9000 FU Herrington-Fitch Family Foundation; M.S. Worthington Foundation; North Pond Foundation; Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region [CINAR] [NA14OAR4320158]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; MIT Martin Family for Sustainability Fellowship FX This work was supported by grants from the Herrington-Fitch Family Foundation, the M.S. Worthington Foundation, the North Pond Foundation, and the Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region [CINAR; NA14OAR4320158] to MJM and JvdH. JvdH was supported by a Postgraduate Scholarship from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and an MIT Martin Family for Sustainability Fellowship. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD FEB 15 PY 2017 VL 115 IS 1-2 BP 91 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.11.060 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EL1RX UT WOS:000394399800024 PM 27923466 ER PT J AU Blume-Kohout, R Gamble, JK Nielsen, E Rudinger, K Mizrahi, J Fortier, K Maunz, P AF Blume-Kohout, Robin Gamble, John King Nielsen, Erik Rudinger, Kenneth Mizrahi, Jonathan Fortier, Kevin Maunz, Peter TI Demonstration of qubit operations below a rigorous fault tolerance threshold with gate set tomography SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM; PHOTON; BOX AB Quantum information processors promise fast algorithms for problems inaccessible to classical computers. But since qubits are noisy and error-prone, they will depend on fault-tolerant quantum error correction (FTQEC) to compute reliably. Quantum error correction can protect against general noise if-and only if-the error in each physical qubit operation is smaller than a certain threshold. The threshold for general errors is quantified by their diamond norm. Until now, qubits have been assessed primarily by randomized benchmarking, which reports a different error rate that is not sensitive to all errors, and cannot be compared directly to diamond norm thresholds. Here we use gate set tomography to completely characterize operations on a trapped-Yb (+)-ion qubit and demonstrate with greater than 95% confidence that they satisfy a rigorous threshold for FTQEC (diamond norm <= 6.7 x 10(-4)). C1 [Blume-Kohout, Robin; Gamble, John King; Rudinger, Kenneth] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Res Comp, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Nielsen, Erik; Mizrahi, Jonathan; Fortier, Kevin; Maunz, Peter] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Mizrahi, Jonathan] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mizrahi, Jonathan] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gamble, JK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Res Comp, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jkgambl@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Sandia National Laboratories Truman Fellowship Programme; Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) programme; Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI); Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-programme laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The authors thank Travis Scholten and Jonathan Gross for assistance with data visualization and Kevin Young for providing code for diamond norm computation. J.K.G. gratefully acknowledges support from the Sandia National Laboratories Truman Fellowship Programme, which is funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) programme. This research was funded, in part, by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA). All statements of fact, opinion or conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be construed as representing the official views or policies of IARPA, the ODNI or the U.S. Government. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD FEB 15 PY 2017 VL 8 AR 14485 DI 10.1038/ncomms14485 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EK9DM UT WOS:000394224200001 ER PT J AU Wilcox, BR Lewandowski, HJ AF Wilcox, Bethany R. Lewandowski, H. J. TI Developing skills versus reinforcing concepts in physics labs: Insight from a survey of students' beliefs about experimental physics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW PHYSICS EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INTRODUCTORY PHYSICS; IMPACT AB Physics laboratory courses have been generally acknowledged as an important component of the undergraduate curriculum, particularly with respect to developing students' interest in, and understanding of, experimental physics. There are a number of possible learning goals for these courses including reinforcing physics concepts, developing laboratory skills, and promoting expertlike beliefs about the nature of experimental physics. However, there is little consensus among instructors and researchers interested in the laboratory learning environment as to the relative importance of these various learning goals. Here, we contribute data to this debate through the analysis of students' responses to the laboratory-focused assessment known as the Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey for Experimental Physics (E-CLASS). Using a large, national data set of students' responses, we compare students' E-CLASS performance in classes in which the instructor self-reported focusing on developing skills, reinforcing concepts, or both. As the classification of courses was based on instructor self-report, we also provide additional description of these courses with respect to how often students engage in particular activities in the lab. We find that courses that focus specifically on developing lab skills have more expertlike postinstruction E-CLASS responses than courses that focus either on reinforcing physics concepts or on both goals. Within first-year courses, this effect is larger for women. Moreover, these findings hold when controlling for the variance in postinstruction scores that is associated with preinstruction E-CLASS scores, student major, and student gender. C1 [Wilcox, Bethany R.; Lewandowski, H. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lewandowski, H. J.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lewandowski, H. J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wilcox, BR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU NSF-IUSE [DUE-1432204]; NSF [PHY-1125844] FX This work was funded by the NSF-IUSE Grant No. DUE-1432204 and NSF Grant No. PHY-1125844. Particular thanks to the members of PER@C for all their help and feedback. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9896 J9 PHYS REV PHYS EDUC R JI Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. PD FEB 15 PY 2017 VL 13 IS 1 AR UNSP 010108 DI 10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.13.010108 PG 9 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA EK5DB UT WOS:000393946000001 ER PT J AU Cepuritis, R Garboczi, EJ Jacobsen, S AF Cepuritis, Rolands Garboczi, Edward J. Jacobsen, Stefan TI Three dimensional shape analysis of concrete aggregate fines produced by VSI crushing SO POWDER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Crushed aggregate fines; VSI crusher; Shape; Zingg's diagram; X-ray tomography; mu Flakiness index ID SHAFT IMPACT CRUSHERS; PARTICLE-SHAPE; ROCK PARTICLES; AIR CLASSIFICATION; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; MU-M; SPHERICITY; ROUNDNESS; FILLER; GRAINS AB We studied the 3-D shape of concrete aggregate fines with particle sizes between 3 mu m and 250 mu m produced by high-speed vertical shaft impact (VSI) crushing of rock types from 10 different quarries representing a wide range of local Norwegian geology with respect to mineralogy and mechanical properties. This included igneous (intrusive and extrusive), metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks that were both mono- and multi-mineralic. VSI crushing seems to be able to generate concrete aggregate fines of very similar equidimensional mean shape characteristics for the whole analysed size range, independent of the mineralogical composition of the rocks included in the study. The effect on normalising the average particle shape was somewhat lower for the particle size range smaller than about 15 mu m, where there seems to be a greater influence of the crystallographic structure of the individual minerals. Particles of the rock type containing the highest mica content (5.5%, by mass) had the least equidimensional shape. The most equidimensional shape in a given particle size range was found for both limestone rock types that were analysed. A new shape parameter, the micro-Flakiness Index (mu FI), has been proposed to characterize the shape of the fine crushed concrete aggregate particles to enable practical use of shape parameters. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cepuritis, Rolands; Jacobsen, Stefan] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Struct Engn, Rich Birkelansvei 1A, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Cepuritis, Rolands] Norcem AS HeidelbergCement, R&D Dept, Setreveien 2,Postboks 38, NO-3950 Brevik, Norway. [Garboczi, Edward J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Cepuritis, R (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Struct Engn, Rich Birkelansvei 1A, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. EM rolands.cepuritis@norcem.no; edward.garboczi@nist.gov; stefan.jacobsen@ntnu.no OI Jacobsen, Stefan/0000-0001-8268-9259 FU COIN FX This work is based on work performed in COIN - Concrete Innovation Centre (www.coinweb.no) - which is a Centre for Research based Innovation, initiated by the Research Council of Norway (RCN) in 2006. The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge COIN for financial support and for facilitating the interaction between research and industry. The authors would also like to acknowledge Dr. Kenneth Snyder, the Acting Deputy Division Chief and Leader of the Inorganic Materials Group at the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST), for facilitating the collaboration between the Norwegian University of Science and Technology and NIST. The help of lab engineer Steinar Seehuus with the preparation of the epoxy embedded specimens for mu CT scanning is greatly appreciated. NR 89 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-5910 EI 1873-328X J9 POWDER TECHNOL JI Powder Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2017 VL 308 BP 410 EP 421 DI 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.12.020 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA EJ6RT UT WOS:000393347200040 ER PT J AU Guan, PW Shang, SL Lindwall, G Anderson, T Liu, ZK AF Guan, Pin-Wen Shang, Shun-Li Lindwall, Greta Anderson, Tim Liu, Zi-Kui TI First-principles calculations and thermodynamic modeling of the S-Se system and implications for chalcogenide alloys SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE First principles; Thermodynamics; Chalcogenide alloys; Theory; Molecular crystal ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; SELENIUM BINARY-SYSTEM; SULFIDE RING MOLECULES; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; GRUNEISEN-PARAMETER; MONOCLINIC SULFUR; SE-77 NMR; HEAT-CAPACITY; ORTHORHOMBIC SULFUR; VOLUME DEPENDENCE AB The S-Se system is the key to many chalcogenide alloys. A thermodynamic model of the S Se system is formulated using an integrated approach of first-principles calculations and the CALculation of PHAse Diagram (CALPHAD) method, which is used to predict the vapor-liquid-solid S-Se phase diagram. An existing first-principles approach is modified through considering the contribution from the acoustic Gruneisen parameters to the thermodynamic properties, enabling more accurate prediction of thermodynamic properties of crystals with large unit cells. The approach is applied to all the stable and metastable phases with complex molecule structures within the S-Se system with the exception of an intermediate phase due to its unknown structure. The prediction of the transition temperature between alpha-S and beta-S (428 K) is close to the experimental value (369 K). Given the high complexity of solid solutions containing multiple molecular species, two models based on homogeneous and randomly substituted species are constructed and applied to give an interval estimation of solid mixing enthalpies. The CALPHAD approach is applied using both selected experimental measurements and thermodynamic properties predicted by first-principles calculations, reproducing experimental data and predictions reasonably well. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Guan, Pin-Wen; Shang, Shun-Li; Lindwall, Greta; Liu, Zi-Kui] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Anderson, Tim] Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lindwall, Greta] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Guan, PW (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM pxg928@psu.edu RI Shang, Shun-Li/A-6564-2009; Liu, Zi-Kui/A-8196-2009; OI Shang, Shun-Li/0000-0002-6524-8897; Liu, Zi-Kui/0000-0003-3346-3696; Guan, Pinwen/0000-0002-4484-3216 FU NSF [CHE-1230924, CHE-1230929, OCI-0821527] FX This work was financially supported by NSF with Grant Nos. CHE-1230924 and CHE-1230929. First-principles calculations were carried out on the LION clusters at the Pennsylvania State University. Calculations were also carried out on the CyberStar cluster funded by the NSF through Grant No. OCI-0821527. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 EI 1873-4669 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD FEB 15 PY 2017 VL 694 BP 510 EP 521 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.10.037 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA EF9AK UT WOS:000390622900067 ER PT J AU Bell, IH Jager, A AF Bell, Ian H. Jaeger, Andreas TI Calculation of critical points from Helmholtz-energy-explicit mixture models SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE Critical points; Phase equilibria; Spinodal ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; ISOTHERMAL FLASH PROBLEM; BINARY-FLUID MIXTURES; CRITICAL END-POINTS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; CRITICAL LINES; PRESSURES; PURE; EQUILIBRIUM AB The calculation of the critical points for a mixture of fluids is of practical interest as the calculated critical points can be used to more reliably and efficiently construct phase envelopes. The number of stable critical points found can also provide insight into whether the mixture has an open or closed phase envelope. In this work we have developed a reliable method for determining all the critical points for a mixture that is modeled with Helmholtz-energy-explicit equations of state. This method extends the algorithms developed in the literature for simpler equations of state to these more complex mixture models. These Helmholtz-energy-explicit equations of state could be either multi-fluid models or transformations of simple cubic equations of state to Helmholtz-energy-explicit forms. This algorithm locks onto the first criticality contour (the spinodal) and traces it to high density, thereby locating all relevant critical points. The necessary analytic derivatives of the residual Helmholtz energy, numerically validated values of the derivatives for validation, sample code, and additional figures and information are provided in the supplemental material. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bell, Ian H.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bell, Ian H.; Jaeger, Andreas] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Power Engn, Fac Mech Sci & Engn, Helmholtzstr 14, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. RP Bell, IH (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Bell, IH (reprint author), Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Power Engn, Fac Mech Sci & Engn, Helmholtzstr 14, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. EM ian.h.bell@gmail.com RI Jager, Andreas/H-3620-2016 OI Jager, Andreas/0000-0001-7908-4160 NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 EI 1879-0224 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD FEB 15 PY 2017 VL 433 BP 159 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2016.10.030 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA EF1HU UT WOS:000390076700016 ER PT J AU van der Wiel, K Kapnick, SB van Oldenborgh, GJ Whan, K Philip, S Vecchi, GA Singh, RK Arrighi, J Cullen, H AF van der Wiel, Karin Kapnick, Sarah B. van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan Whan, Kirien Philip, Sjoukje Vecchi, Gabriel A. Singh, Roop K. Arrighi, Julie Cullen, Heidi TI Rapid attribution of the August 2016 flood-inducing extreme precipitation in south Louisiana to climate change SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; SEA-LEVEL; PART I; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATION; SCENARIOS; CMIP5; PROJECTIONS AB A stationary low pressure system and elevated levels of precipitable water provided a nearly continuous source of precipitation over Louisiana, United States (US), starting around 10 August 2016. Precipitation was heaviest in the region broadly encompassing the city of Baton Rouge, with a 3-day maximum found at a station in Livingston, LA (east of Baton Rouge), from 12 to 14 August 2016 (648.3 mm, 25.5 inches). The intense precipitation was followed by inland flash flooding and river flooding and in subsequent days produced additional backwater flooding. On 16 August, Louisiana officials reported that 30 000 people had been rescued, nearly 10 600 people had slept in shelters on the night of 14 August and at least 60 600 homes had been impacted to varying degrees. As of 17 August, the floods were reported to have killed at least 13 people. As the disaster was unfolding, the Red Cross called the flooding the worst natural disaster in the US since Super Storm Sandy made landfall in New Jersey on 24 October 2012. Before the floodwaters had receded, the media began questioning whether this extreme event was caused by anthropogenic climate change. To provide the necessary analysis to understand the potential role of anthropogenic climate change, a rapid attribution analysis was launched in real time using the best readily available observational data and high-resolution global climate model simulations. The objective of this study is to show the possibility of performing rapid attribution studies when both observational and model data and analysis methods are readily available upon the start. It is the authors' aspiration that the results be used to guide further studies of the devastating precipitation and flooding event. Here, we present a first estimate of how anthropogenic climate change has affected the likelihood of a comparable extreme precipitation event in the central US Gulf Coast. While the flooding event of interest triggering this study occurred in south Louisiana, for the purposes of our analysis, we have defined an extreme precipitation event by taking the spatial maximum of annual 3-day inland maximum precipitation over the region of 29-31 degrees N, 85-95 degrees W, which we refer to as the central US Gulf Coast. Using observational data, we find that the observed local return time of the 12-14 August precipitation event in 2016 is about 550 years (95% confidence interval (CI): 450-1450). The probability for an event like this to happen anywhere in the region is presently 1 in 30 years (CI 11-110). We estimate that these probabilities and the intensity of extreme precipitation events of this return time have increased since 1900. A central US Gulf Coast extreme precipitation event has effectively become more likely in 2016 than it was in 1900. The global climate models tell a similar story; in the most accurate analyses, the regional probability of 3-day extreme precipitation increases by more than a factor of 1.4 due to anthropogenic climate change. The magnitude of the shift in probabilities is greater in the 25 km (higher-resolution) climate model than in the 50 km model. The evidence for a relation to El Nino half a year earlier is equivocal, with some analyses showing a positive connection and others none. C1 [van der Wiel, Karin] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [van der Wiel, Karin; Kapnick, Sarah B.; Vecchi, Gabriel A.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan; Whan, Kirien; Philip, Sjoukje] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Singh, Roop K.; Arrighi, Julie] Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Ctr, The Hague, Netherlands. [Cullen, Heidi] Climate Cent, Princeton, NJ USA. RP van der Wiel, K (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.; van der Wiel, K (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA.; van Oldenborgh, GJ (reprint author), Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. EM wiel@knmi.nl; oldenborgh@knmi.nl RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce [NA14OAR4320106]; Climate Central's World Weather Attribution initiative; EU project EUCLEIA [607085] FX We thank Geert Lenderink, Sarah Kew, Nathaniel Johnson, Kieran Bhatia and Fanrong Zeng for their helpful comments on an earlier version of the paper. Funding for this work was supplied by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce to the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, to the Cooperative Institute for Climate Science (award NA14OAR4320106). The statements, findings, conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the US Department of Commerce, or other affiliated institutions. This project was made possible through generous support from donors to Climate Central's World Weather Attribution initiative and the EU project EUCLEIA under grant agreement 607085. CPC US unified precipitation are data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD (Boulder, Colorado, US) and can be downloaded from http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. USGS data were obtained from the automated website and are provisional and subject to revision. The data are released on the condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from their use. NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PD FEB 14 PY 2017 VL 21 IS 2 BP 897 EP 921 DI 10.5194/hess-21-897-2017 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA EM2HT UT WOS:000395137800004 ER PT J AU Wei, GM Venkataraman, S Yang, YY Hedrick, JL Prabhu, VM AF Wei, Guangmin Venkataraman, Shrinivas Yang, Yi Yan Hedrick, James L. Prabhu, Vivek M. TI Self-Assembly and Dynamics Driven by Oligocarbonate-Fluorene End-Functionalized Poly(ethylene glycol) ABA Triblock Copolymers SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; BLOCK-COPOLYMER; MICELLE FORMATION; POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; DILUTE-SOLUTION; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE)-GRAFT-POLYSTYRENE; WORMLIKE MICELLES; INTERNAL MOTIONS; ETHYLENE-OXIDE AB The closed assembly transition from polymers to micelles and open assembly to clusters are induced by supramolecular pi-pi stacking in model oligocarbonate-fluorene (F-TMC) end-group telechelic polymers. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) depends on the F-TMC degree of polymerization that further controls the weak micelle association and strong clustering of micelles regimes. Clustering follows a multistep equilibria model with average size scaling with concentration reduced by the CMC as R similar to (c/CMC)(1/4). The F-TMC packing that drives the supramolecular self-assembly from polymers to micelles stabilizes these larger clusters. The clusters are characterized by internal relaxations by dynamic light scattering. This signifies that while F-TMC groups drive the clustering, the micelles interconnected via F-TMC bridging interactions remain coupled to the extent that the clusters relax via Rouse-Zimm dynamics, reminiscent of microgels. C1 [Wei, Guangmin; Prabhu, Vivek M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Venkataraman, Shrinivas; Yang, Yi Yan] Inst Bioengn & Nanotechnol, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore. [Hedrick, James L.] IBM Almaden Res Ctr, 650 Harry Rd, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP Prabhu, VM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vprabhu@nist.gov FU Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (Biomedical Research Council, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore); NIST Materials Genome Initiative FX Y.Y.Y. and S.V. acknowledge funding support from the Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (Biomedical Research Council, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore). V.M.P and G.W. thank Jack Douglas (NIST) for stimulating discussions and the support of the NIST Materials Genome Initiative, R. L. Jones, Director of the nSOFT beamline at the NIST Center for Neutron Research, and W. Vreeland (NIST) for assistance in the refractive index increment measurements. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD FEB 14 PY 2017 VL 50 IS 3 BP 1090 EP 1101 DI 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02524 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA EL1VT UT WOS:000394410200041 ER PT J AU Smith, MD Oglend, A Kirkpatrick, AJ Asche, F Bennear, LS Craig, JK Nance, JM AF Smith, Martin D. Oglend, Atle Kirkpatrick, A. Justin Asche, Frank Bennear, Lori S. Craig, J. Kevin Nance, James M. TI Seafood prices reveal impacts of a major ecological disturbance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE hypoxia; fisheries; coupled human-natural systems; bioeconomics; spatial dynamics ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SHRIMP FARFANTEPENAEUS-AZTECUS; BROWN SHRIMP; MARINE RESERVES; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; HYPOXIC ZONE; TIME-SERIES; DEAD ZONES; UNIT-ROOT AB Coastal hypoxia (dissolved oxygen <= 2 mg/L) is a growing problem worldwide that threatens marine ecosystem services, but little is known about economic effects on fisheries. Here, we provide evidence that hypoxia causes economic impacts on a major fishery. Ecological studies of hypoxia and marine fauna suggest multiple mechanisms through which hypoxia can skew a population's size distribution toward smaller individuals. These mechanisms produce sharp predictions about changes in seafood markets. Hypoxia is hypothesized to decrease the quantity of large shrimp relative to small shrimp and increase the price of large shrimp relative to small shrimp. We test these hypotheses using time series of size-based prices. Naive quantity-based models using treatment/control comparisons in hypoxic and nonhypoxic areas produce null results, but we find strong evidence of the hypothesized effects in the relative prices: Hypoxia increases the relative price of large shrimp compared with small shrimp. The effects of fuel prices provide supporting evidence. Empirical models of fishing effort and bioeconomic simulations explain why quantifying effects of hypoxia on fisheries using quantity data has been inconclusive. Specifically, spatial-dynamic feedbacks across the natural system (the fish stock) and human system (the mobile fishing fleet) confound "treated" and "control" areas. Consequently, analyses of price data, which rely on a market counterfactual, are able to reveal effects of the ecological disturbance that are obscured in quantity data. Our results are an important step toward quantifying the economic value of reduced upstream nutrient loading in the Mississippi Basin and are broadly applicable to other coupled human-natural systems. C1 [Smith, Martin D.; Kirkpatrick, A. Justin; Bennear, Lori S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Smith, Martin D.; Bennear, Lori S.] Duke Univ, Dept Econ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Oglend, Atle; Asche, Frank] Univ Stavanger, Dept Ind Econ, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway. [Asche, Frank] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Inst Sustainable Food Syst, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bennear, Lori S.] Duke Univ, Sanford Sch Publ Policy, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Craig, J. Kevin] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Nance, James M.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Galveston Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Smith, MD (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA.; Smith, MD (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Econ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM marsmith@duke.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA09NOS4780235, NA09NOS4780186]; Fulbright Scholar Program; Research Council of Norway FX We thank Dan Obenour for providing annual estimates of the areal extent of hypoxia with alternative DO cutoffs (1.5 mg/L and 2.5 mg/L). Financial support for this research was provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Grants NA09NOS4780235 and NA09NOS4780186, the Fulbright Scholar Program, and the Research Council of Norway. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 14 PY 2017 VL 114 IS 7 BP 1512 EP 1517 DI 10.1073/pnas.1617948114 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EK5TR UT WOS:000393989300049 PM 28137850 ER PT J AU Ng, NL Brown, SS Archibald, AT Atlas, E Cohen, RC Crowley, JN Day, DA Donahue, NM Fry, JL Fuchs, H Griffin, RJ Guzman, MI Herrmann, H Hodzic, A Iinuma, Y Jimenez, JL Kiendler-Scharr, A Lee, BH Luecken, DJ Mao, JQ McLaren, R Mutzel, A Osthoff, HD Ouyang, B Picquet-Varrault, B Platt, U Pye, HOT Rudich, Y Schwantes, RH Shiraiwa, M Stutz, J Thornton, JA Tilgner, A Williams, BJ Zaveri, RA AF Ng, Nga Lee Brown, Steven S. Archibald, Alexander T. Atlas, Elliot Cohen, Ronald C. Crowley, John N. Day, Douglas A. Donahue, Neil M. Fry, Juliane L. Fuchs, Hendrik Griffin, Robert J. Guzman, Marcelo I. Herrmann, Hartmut Hodzic, Alma Iinuma, Yoshiteru Jimenez, Jose L. Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid Lee, Ben H. Luecken, Deborah J. Mao, Jingqiu McLaren, Robert Mutzel, Anke Osthoff, Hans D. Ouyang, Bin Picquet-Varrault, Benedicte Platt, Ulrich Pye, Havala O. T. Rudich, Yinon Schwantes, Rebecca H. Shiraiwa, Manabu Stutz, Jochen Thornton, Joel A. Tilgner, Andreas Williams, Brent J. Zaveri, Rahul A. TI Nitrate radicals and biogenic volatile organic compounds: oxidation, mechanisms, and organic aerosol SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; IN-SITU DETECTION; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; CONTINENTAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; METHYL VINYL KETONE; VAPOR WALL LOSS; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUE AB Oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) by the nitrate radical (NO3) represents one of the important interactions between anthropogenic emissions related to combustion and natural emissions from the biosphere. This interaction has been recognized for more than 3 decades, during which time a large body of research has emerged from laboratory, field, and modeling studies. NO3-BVOC reactions influence air quality, climate and visibility through regional and global budgets for reactive nitrogen (particularly organic nitrates), ozone, and organic aerosol. Despite its long history of research and the significance of this topic in atmospheric chemistry, a number of important uncertainties remain. These include an incomplete understanding of the rates, mechanisms, and organic aerosol yields for NO3-BVOC reactions, lack of constraints on the role of heterogeneous oxidative processes associated with the NO3 radical, the difficulty of characterizing the spatial distributions of BVOC and NO3 within the poorly mixed nocturnal atmosphere, and the challenge of constructing appropriate boundary layer schemes and non-photochemical mechanisms for use in state-of-the-art chemical transport and chemistry-climate models. This review is the result of a workshop of the same title held at the Georgia Institute of Technology in June 2015. The first half of the review summarizes the current literature on NO3-BVOC chemistry, with a particular focus on recent advances in instrumentation and models, and in organic nitrate and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation chemistry. Building on this current understanding, the second half of the review outlines impacts of NO3-BVOC chemistry on air quality and climate, and suggests critical research needs to better constrain this interaction to improve the predictive capabilities of atmospheric models. C1 [Ng, Nga Lee] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Ng, Nga Lee] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Brown, Steven S.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Brown, Steven S.; Day, Douglas A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Archibald, Alexander T.; Day, Douglas A.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Cambridge, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge, England. [Atlas, Elliot] Univ Miami, RSMAS, Dept Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA. [Cohen, Ronald C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Crowley, John N.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Div Atmospher Chem, Mainz, Germany. [Day, Douglas A.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Donahue, Neil M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Atmospher Particle Studies, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Fry, Juliane L.] Reed Coll, Dept Chem, Portland, OR USA. [Fuchs, Hendrik; Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energ & Klimaforschung Troposphare IEK 8, Julich, Germany. [Griffin, Robert J.] Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX USA. [Guzman, Marcelo I.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Herrmann, Hartmut; Iinuma, Yoshiteru; Mutzel, Anke; Tilgner, Andreas] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Atmospher Chem Dept, Leipzig, Germany. [Hodzic, Alma] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lee, Ben H.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Luecken, Deborah J.; Pye, Havala O. T.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Mao, Jingqiu] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mao, Jingqiu] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [McLaren, Robert] York Univ, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Osthoff, Hans D.] Univ Calgary, Dept Chem, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Ouyang, Bin] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge, England. [Picquet-Varrault, Benedicte] Univ Paris Est Creteil & I Paris Diderot, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, CNRS, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, Creteil, France. [Platt, Ulrich] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys, Heidelberg, Germany. [Rudich, Yinon] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Rehovot, Israel. [Schwantes, Rebecca H.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Shiraiwa, Manabu] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Stutz, Jochen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Williams, Brent J.] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO USA. [Zaveri, Rahul A.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Mao, Jingqiu] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Mao, Jingqiu] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Ng, NL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.; Ng, NL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.; Brown, SS (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.; Brown, SS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ng@chbe.gatech.edu; steven.s.brown@noaa.gov RI Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Shiraiwa, Manabu/A-6246-2010 OI Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Shiraiwa, Manabu/0000-0003-2532-5373 FU International Global Atmospheric Chemistry project (IGAC); US National Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS-1541331, AGS-1644979]; NSF CAREER [AGS-1555034, CHE-1255290]; US Environmental Protection Agency STAR (Early Career) [RD-83540301]; NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle and Climate program; NERC [NE/M00273X/1]; NSF [AGS-0753200, AGS-1352972, AGS-1360834, EPA 83587701-0, AGS-1240604, AGS 1360745]; NOAA Climate Program Office's AC4 program [NA13OAR4310063 (Colorado)/NA13OAR4310070]; NSERC [RGPIN/183982-2012]; DARK KNIGHT project - DFG [HE 3086/25-1]; French National Agency for Research [ONCEM-ANR-12-BS06-0017-01]; USA-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) [2012013]; Henri Gutwirth Foundation; NOAA Climate Program Office grant [NA13OAR4310071]; NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship; US Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX The authors acknowledge support from the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry project (IGAC), the US National Science Foundation (NSF grants AGS-1541331 and AGS-1644979), and Georgia Tech College of Engineering and College of Sciences for support of the workshop on nitrate radicals and biogenic hydrocarbons that led to this review article. N. L. Ng acknowledges support from NSF CAREER AGS-1555034 and US Environmental Protection Agency STAR (Early Career) RD-83540301. S. S. Brown acknowledges support from the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle and Climate program. A. T. Archibald and B. Ouyang thank NERC for funding through NE/M00273X/1. E. Atlas acknowledges NSF grant AGS-0753200. R. C. Cohen acknowledges NSF grant AGS-1352972. J. N. Crowley acknowledges the Max Planck Society. J. L. Fry, D. A. Day, and J. L. Jimenez acknowledge support from the NOAA Climate Program Office's AC4 program, award no. NA13OAR4310063 (Colorado)/NA13OAR4310070 (Reed). N. M. Donahue acknowledges NSF AGS-1447056. M. I. Guzman wishes to acknowledge support from NSF CAREER award (CHE-1255290). J. L. Jimenez and D. A. Day acknowledge support from NSF AGS-1360834 and EPA 83587701-0. R. McLaren acknowledges NSERC grant RGPIN/183982-2012. H. Herrmann, A. Tilgner, and A. Mutzel acknowledge the DARK KNIGHT project funded by DFG under HE 3086/25-1. B. Picquet-Varrault acknowledges support from the French National Agency for Research (project ONCEM-ANR-12-BS06-0017-01). R. H. Schwantes acknowledges NSF AGS-1240604. Y. Rudich and S. S. Brown acknowledge support from the USA-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) grant no. 2012013. Y. Rudich acknowledges support from the Henri Gutwirth Foundation. J. Mao acknowledges support from the NOAA Climate Program Office grant no. NA13OAR4310071. J. A. Thornton acknowledges support from NSF AGS 1360745. B. H. Lee was supported by the NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship. R. A. Zaveri acknowledges support from the US Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830 at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development (ORD), collaborated in the research described herein. It has been subjected to Agency administrative review and approved for publication, but may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. NR 456 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 13 PY 2017 VL 17 IS 3 BP 2103 EP 2162 DI 10.5194/acp-17-2103-2017 PG 60 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM1WC UT WOS:000395106900002 ER PT J AU Morgenstern, O Hegglin, MI Rozanov, E O'Connor, FM Abraham, NL Akiyoshi, H Archibald, AT Bekki, S Butchart, N Chipperfield, MP Deushi, M Dhomse, SS Garcia, RR Hardiman, SC Horowitz, LW Jockel, P Josse, B Kinnison, D Lin, MY Mancini, E Manyin, ME Marchand, M Marecal, V Michou, M Oman, LD Pitari, G Plummer, DA Revell, LE Saint-Martin, D Schofield, R Stenke, A Stone, K Sudo, K Tanaka, TY Tilmes, S Yamashita, Y Yoshida, K Zeng, G AF Morgenstern, Olaf Hegglin, Michaela I. Rozanov, Eugene O'Connor, Fiona M. Abraham, N. Luke Akiyoshi, Hideharu Archibald, Alexander T. Bekki, Slimane Butchart, Neal Chipperfield, Martyn P. Deushi, Makoto Dhomse, Sandip S. Garcia, Rolando R. Hardiman, Steven C. Horowitz, Larry W. Joeckel, Patrick Josse, Beatrice Kinnison, Douglas Lin, Meiyun Mancini, Eva Manyin, Michael E. Marchand, Marion Marecal, Virginie Michou, Martine Oman, Luke D. Pitari, Giovanni Plummer, David A. Revell, Laura E. Saint-Martin, David Schofield, Robyn Stenke, Andrea Stone, Kane Sudo, Kengo Tanaka, Taichu Y. Tilmes, Simone Yamashita, Yousuke Yoshida, Kohei Zeng, Guang TI Review of the global models used within phase 1 of the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Review ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; SUBMODEL SYSTEM MESSY; GASEOUS DRY DEPOSITION; OFFICE UNIFIED MODEL; DOPPLER-SPREAD PARAMETERIZATION; POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS; SEMI-LAGRANGIAN ADVECTION; LAND-SURFACE PROCESSES; GRAVITY-WAVE DRAG AB We present an overview of state-of-the-art chemistry-climate and chemistry transport models that are used within phase 1 of the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI-1). The CCMI aims to conduct a detailed evaluation of participating models using process-oriented diagnostics derived from observations in order to gain confidence in the models' projections of the stratospheric ozone layer, tropospheric composition, air quality, where applicable global climate change, and the interactions between them. Interpretation of these diagnostics requires detailed knowledge of the radiative, chemical, dynamical, and physical processes incorporated in the models. Also an understanding of the degree to which CCMI-1 recommendations for simulations have been followed is necessary to understand model responses to anthropogenic and natural forcing and also to explain intermodel differences. This becomes even more important given the ongoing development and the ever-growing complexity of these models. This paper also provides an overview of the available CCMI-1 simulations with the aim of informing CCMI data users. C1 [Morgenstern, Olaf; Zeng, Guang] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA, Wellington, New Zealand. [Hegglin, Michaela I.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. [Mancini, Eva; Pitari, Giovanni] Univ Aquila, Dept Phys & Chem Sci, Laquila, Italy. [Plummer, David A.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Rozanov, Eugene; Revell, Laura E.; Stenke, Andrea] ETHZ, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Revell, Laura E.] Bodeker Sci, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Garcia, Rolando R.; Kinnison, Douglas; Tilmes, Simone] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Akiyoshi, Hideharu; Yamashita, Yousuke] NIES, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Josse, Beatrice; Marecal, Virginie; Michou, Martine; Saint-Martin, David; Sudo, Kengo] Meteo France CNRS, CNRM, UMR 3589, Toulouse, France. [Joeckel, Patrick] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Schofield, Robyn; Stone, Kane] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Manyin, Michael E.; Oman, Luke D.] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Horowitz, Larry W.; Lin, Meiyun] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [O'Connor, Fiona M.; Butchart, Neal; Hardiman, Steven C.] MOHC, Exeter, Devon, England. [Deushi, Makoto; Tanaka, Taichu Y.; Yoshida, Kohei] Mission Res Inc, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Chipperfield, Martyn P.; Dhomse, Sandip S.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Abraham, N. Luke; Archibald, Alexander T.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge, England. [Rozanov, Eugene] WRC, PMOD, Davos, Switzerland. [Sudo, Kengo] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Abraham, N. Luke; Archibald, Alexander T.] NCAS, Oxford, England. [Bekki, Slimane; Marchand, Marion] IPSL, LATMOS, Paris, France. [Manyin, Michael E.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Lin, Meiyun] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Stone, Kane] MIT, Boston, MA USA. [Yamashita, Yousuke] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Morgenstern, O (reprint author), Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA, Wellington, New Zealand. EM olaf.morgenstern@niwa.co.nz RI Jockel, Patrick/C-3687-2009; Dhomse, Sandip/C-8198-2011 OI Jockel, Patrick/0000-0002-8964-1394; Dhomse, Sandip/0000-0003-3854-5383 FU NIWA; Royal Society Marsden Fund [12-NIW-006]; Deep South National Science Challenge; NeSI; Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment's Research Infrastructure programme; Swiss National Science Foundation [CRSII2_147659 (FUPSOL II)]; Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [2-1303]; UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; European Project [603557-STRATOCLIM, FP7-ENV.2013.6.1-2]; Horizon European Union's Framework Programme for Research and Innovation CRESCENDO project [641816]; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France) within the SOLSPEC project; Australian Government's Australian Antarctic science grant program [FoRCES 4012]; Australian Research Council's Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science [CE110001028]; Commonwealth Department of the Environment [2011/16853]; National computational infrastructure INCMAS project [q90]; Meteo-France; CNRS; CERFACS FX We thank the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) for hosting the CCMI data archive. This work has been supported by NIWA as part of its government-funded, core research. Olaf Morgenstern acknowledges support from the Royal Society Marsden Fund, grant 12-NIW-006, and under the Deep South National Science Challenge.. The authors wish to acknowledge the contribution of NeSI high-performance computing facilities to the results of this research. New Zealand's national facilities are provided by the New Zealand eScience Infrastructure (NeSI) and funded jointly by NeSI's collaborator institutions and through the Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment's Research Infrastructure programme (https://www.nesi.org.nz). The SOCOL team acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant agreement CRSII2_147659 (FUPSOL II). CCSRNIES's research was supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (2-1303) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan, and computations were performed on NEC-SX9/A(ECO) computers at the CGER, NIES. Wuhu Feng (NCAS) provided support for the TOMCAT simulations. Neal Butchart, Steven C. Hardiman, and Fiona M. O'Connor and the development of HadGEM3-ES were supported by the Joint UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). Neal Butchart and Steven C. Hardiman also acknowledge additional support from the European Project 603557-STRATOCLIM under the FP7-ENV.2013.6.1-2 programme. Fiona M. O'Connor acknowledges additional support from the Horizon 2020 European Union's Framework Programme for Research and Innovation CRESCENDO project under grant agreement no. 641816. Slimane Bekki acknowledges support from the European Project 603557-STRATOCLIM under the FP7-ENV. 2013.6.1-2 programme and from the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France) within the SOLSPEC project. Kane Stone and Robyn Schofield acknowledge funding from the Australian Government's Australian Antarctic science grant program (FoRCES 4012), the Australian Research Council's Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science (CE110001028), the Commonwealth Department of the Environment (grant 2011/16853), and computational support from National computational infrastructure INCMAS project q90. The CNRM-CM chemistry-climate people acknowledge the support from Meteo-France, CNRS, and CERFACS, and in particular the work of the entire team in charge of the CNRM/CERFACS climate model. NR 262 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PD FEB 13 PY 2017 VL 10 IS 2 BP 639 EP 671 DI 10.5194/gmd-10-639-2017 PG 33 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EM1YN UT WOS:000395113300001 ER PT J AU Miller, NB Shupe, MD Cox, CJ Noone, D Persson, POG Steffen, K AF Miller, Nathaniel B. Shupe, Matthew D. Cox, Christopher J. Noone, David Persson, P. Ola G. Steffen, Konrad TI Surface energy budget responses to radiative forcing at Summit, Greenland SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID STABLE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LIQUID WATER PATH; ARCTIC SEA-ICE; WEST GREENLAND; DRY SNOW; SHEET; CLOUD; BALANCE; VAPOR; PARAMETERIZATION AB Greenland Ice Sheet surface temperatures are controlled by an exchange of energy at the surface, which includes radiative, turbulent, and ground heat fluxes. Data collected by multiple projects are leveraged to calculate all surface energy budget (SEB) terms at Summit, Greenland, for the full annual cycle from July 2013 to June 2014 and extend to longer periods for the radiative and turbulent SEB terms. Radiative fluxes are measured directly by a suite of broadband radiometers. Turbulent sensible heat flux is estimated via the bulk aerodynamic and eddy correlation methods, and the turbulent latent heat flux is calculated via a twolevel approach using measurements at 10 and 2 m. The subsurface heat flux is calculated using a string of thermistors buried in the snow pack. Extensive quality-control data processing produced a data set in which all terms of the SEB are present 75% of the full annual cycle, despite the harsh conditions. By including a storage term for a near-surface layer, the SEB is balanced in this data set to within the aggregated uncertainties for the individual terms. November and August case studies illustrate that surface radiative forcing is driven by synoptically forced cloud characteristics, especially by low-level, liquid-bearing clouds. The annual cycle and seasonal diurnal cycles of all SEB components indicate that the non-radiative terms are anticorrelated to changes in the total radiative flux and are hence responding to cloud radiative forcing. Generally, the non-radiative SEB terms and the upwelling longwave radiation component compensate for changes in downwelling radiation, although exact partitioning of energy in the response terms varies with season and near-surface characteristics such as stability and moisture availability. Substantial surface warming from lowlevel clouds typically leads to a change from a very stable to a weakly stable near-surface regime with no solar radiation or from a weakly stable to neutral/unstable regime with solar radiation. Relationships between forcing terms and responding surface fluxes show that the upwelling longwave radiation produces 65-85% (50-60 %) of the total response in the winter (summer) and the non-radiative terms compensate for the remaining change in the combined downwelling longwave and net shortwave radiation. Because melt conditions are rarely reached at Summit, these relationships are documented for conditions of surface temperature below 0 ffiC, with and without solar radiation. This is the first time that forcing and response term relationships have been investigated in detail for the Greenland SEB. These results should both advance understanding of process relationships over the Greenland Ice Sheet and be useful for model validation. C1 [Miller, Nathaniel B.; Shupe, Matthew D.; Cox, Christopher J.; Persson, P. Ola G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Miller, Nathaniel B.; Shupe, Matthew D.; Cox, Christopher J.; Persson, P. Ola G.] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Noone, David] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Steffen, Konrad] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland. RP Miller, NB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Miller, NB (reprint author), NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM millernb@colorado.edu OI COX, CHRISTOPHER/0000-0003-2203-7173 FU National Science Foundation [PLR1303879, 1314156, 1023574] FX This research is supported by the National Science Foundation under grants PLR1303879, 1314156, and 1023574. Thanks to the Swiss Federal Institute for providing the ETH broadband radiometer measurements. Near-surface meteorological tower data are provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Global Monitoring Division. Thanks to ICECAPS principal investigators Von Walden, David Turner, and Ralf Bennartz for their commitment to data quality and guidance regarding data analysis. Thanks to David Turner, Claire Pettersen, and Aronne Merrelli for developing, improving, and processing the microwave radiometer retrievals. Sensible heat flux calculations via the eddy correlation method are made using the code written by Andrey Grachev for Tiksi, Russia. Thanks to the various science technicians and Polar Field Services for their excellent support of the field experiments at Summit Station. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PD FEB 13 PY 2017 VL 11 IS 1 BP 497 EP 516 DI 10.5194/tc-11-497-2017 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA EM1QG UT WOS:000395091500001 ER PT J AU Badia, A Jorba, O Voulgarakis, A Dabdub, D Garcia-Pando, CP Hilboll, A Goncalves, M Janjic, Z AF Badia, Alba Jorba, Oriol Voulgarakis, Apostolos Dabdub, Donald Perez Garcia-Pando, Carlos Hilboll, Andreas Goncalves, Maria Janjic, Zavisa TI Description and evaluation of the Multiscale Online Nonhydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry model (NMMB-MONARCH) version 1.0: gas-phase chemistry at global scale SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT ACCMIP; TROPOSPHERIC NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; PEROXYACETYL NITRATE PAN; ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; COASTAL/OROGRAPHIC SITES; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; DRY DEPOSITION AB This paper presents a comprehensive description and benchmark evaluation of the tropospheric gas-phase chemistry component of the Multiscale Online Nonhydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry model (NMMB-MONARCH), formerly known as NMMB/BSC-CTM, that can be run on both regional and global domains. Here, we provide an extensive evaluation of a global annual cycle simulation using a variety of background surface stations (EMEP, WDCGG and CASTNET), ozonesondes (WOUDC, CMD and SHADOZ), aircraft data (MOZAIC and several campaigns), and satellite observations (SCIAMACHY and MOPITT). We also include an extensive discussion of our results in comparison to other state-of-the-art models. We note that in this study, we omitted aerosol processes and some natural emissions (lightning and volcano emissions). The model shows a realistic oxidative capacity across the globe. The seasonal cycle for CO is fairly well represented at different locations (correlations around 0.3-0.7 in surface concentrations), although concentrations are underestimated in spring and winter in the Northern Hemisphere, and are overestimated throughout the year at 800 and 500 hPa in the Southern Hemisphere. Nitrogen species are well represented in almost all locations, particularly NO2 in Europe (root mean square error - RMSE - below 5 ppb). The modeled vertical distributions of NOx and HNO3 are in excellent agreement with the observed values and the spatial and seasonal trends of tropospheric NO2 columns correspond well to observations from SCIAMACHY, capturing the highly polluted areas and the biomass burning cycle throughout the year. Over Asia, the model underestimates NOx from March to August, probably due to an underestimation of NOx emissions in the region. Overall, the comparison of the modeled CO and NO2 with MOPITT and SCIAMACHY observations emphasizes the need for more accurate emission rates from anthropogenic and biomass burning sources (i.e., specification of temporal variability). The resulting ozone (O-3) burden (348 Tg) lies within the range of other state-of-the-art global atmospheric chemistry models. The model generally captures the spatial and seasonal trends of background surface O-3 and its vertical distribution. However, the model tends to overestimate O-3 throughout the troposphere in several stations. This may be attributed to an overestimation of CO concentration over the Southern Hemisphere leading to an excessive production of O-3 or to the lack of specific chemistry (e.g., halogen chemistry, aerosol chemistry). Overall, O-3 correlations range between 0.6 and 0.8 for daily mean values. The overall performance of the NMMB-MONARCH is comparable to that of other state-of-the-art global chemistry models. C1 [Badia, Alba; Jorba, Oriol; Perez Garcia-Pando, Carlos; Goncalves, Maria] Barcelona Supercomput Ctr, Dept Earth Sci, Barcelona, Spain. [Voulgarakis, Apostolos] Imperial Coll, Dept Phys, London, England. [Voulgarakis, Apostolos] Univ Calif Irvine, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Irvine, CA USA. [Perez Garcia-Pando, Carlos] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Perez Garcia-Pando, Carlos] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Hilboll, Andreas] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany. [Hilboll, Andreas] Univ Bremen, MARUM Ctr Marine Environm Sci, Bremen, Germany. [Goncalves, Maria] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Project & Construct Engn Dept, Barcelona, Spain. [Janjic, Zavisa] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [Badia, Alba] Univ East Anglia, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich, Norfolk, England. RP Jorba, O (reprint author), Barcelona Supercomput Ctr, Dept Earth Sci, Barcelona, Spain. EM oriol.jorba@bsc.es OI Badia, Alba/0000-0003-0906-8258; Jorba, Oriol/0000-0001-5872-0244 FU INSU-CNRS (France); Meteo-France; Forschungszentrum (FZJ, Julich, Germany); ETHER (CNES); ETHER (INSU-CNRS); Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [CGL2013-46736-R, CSD2007-0050]; Severo Ochoa Program - Spanish Government [SEV-2011-00067]; Earth System Science Research School (ESSReS), an initiative of the Helmholtz Association of German research centres (HGF) at the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research; AXA Research Fund FX The authors wish to thank WOUDC, GAW, EMEP, WDCGG, CASTNET-EPA, NADP and EANET for the provision of measurement stations. The authors acknowledge for the strong support of the European Commission, Airbus, and the Airlines (Lufthansa, Austrian, Air France) who carry free of charge the MOZAIC equipment and perform the maintenance since 1994. MOZAIC is presently funded by INSU-CNRS (France), Meteo-France, and Forschungszentrum (FZJ, Julich, Germany). The MOZAIC database is supported by ETHER (CNES and INSU-CNRS). Also, thanks go to the free use of the MOPITT CO data obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center. SCIAMACHY radiances have been provided by ESA. We also thank Beatriz Monge-Sanz for providing the COPCAT coefficients. This work is funded by grants CGL2013-46736-R, Supercomputacion and e-ciencia Project (CSD2007-0050) from the Consolider-Ingenio 2010 program of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. Further support was provided by the SEV-2011-00067 grant of the Severo Ochoa Program, awarded by the Spanish Government. Andreas Hilboll received funding from the Earth System Science Research School (ESSReS), an initiative of the Helmholtz Association of German research centres (HGF) at the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research. Carlos Perez Garcia-Pando acknowledges long-term support from the AXA Research Fund. The authors thankfully acknowledge the computer resources at MareNostrum and the technical support provided by Barcelona Supercomputing Center (RES-AECT-2015-1-0007). Comments from two anonymous reviewers are gratefully acknowledge. NR 118 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PD FEB 10 PY 2017 VL 10 IS 2 BP 609 EP 638 DI 10.5194/gmd-10-609-2017 PG 30 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EM1SI UT WOS:000395096900001 ER PT J AU Wilson, WB Sander, LC Ona-Ruales, JO Mossner, SG Sidisky, LM Lee, ML Wise, SA AF Wilson, Walter B. Sander, Lane C. Ona-Ruales, Jorge O. Moessner, Stephanie G. Sidisky, Leonard M. Lee, Milton L. Wise, Stephen A. TI Retention behavior of alkyl-substituted polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycle isomers in gas chromatography on stationary phases of different selectivity SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles; Gas chromatography; Shape selectivity; Stationary phases; Retention indices ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; REFERENCE MATERIALS SRMS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; SHAPE SELECTIVITY; HYDROCARBONS PAHS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COMPLEX MIXTURE; COAL-TAR; POLYSILOXANE AB Retention indices for 10 sets of alkyl-substituted polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs) isomers (total of 80 PASHs) were determined using gas chromatography with three different stationary phases: a 50% phenyl phase, a 50% liquid crystalline dimethylpolysiloxane (LC-DMPS) phase, and an ionic liquid (IL) phase. Correlations between the retention behavior on the three stationary phases and PASH geometry [length-to-breadth (L/B) and thickness (T)] were investigated for the following PASHs: 4 methyl-substituted dibenzothiophenes (DBTs), 3 ethyl-substituted DBTs, 15 dimethyl-substituted DBTs, 8 trimethyl-substituted DBTs, 15 methyl-substituted naphthothiophenes, 30 methyl-substituted benzonaphthothiophenes, and 5 methyl-substituted tetrapheno[1,12-bcdlthiophene. Correlation coefficients for retention on the 50% phenyl phase vs L/B ranged from r = -0.28 (MeBbN23Ts) to r= 0.92 (EtDBTs). Correlation coefficients for retention on the IL phase vs L/B ranged from r = 0.13 (MeN12Ts) to r= 0.83 (EtDBTs). Correlation coefficients for retention on the 50% LC-DMPS phase vs L/B ranged from r= 0.22 (MeDBTs) to r = 0.84 (TriMeDBTs). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wilson, Walter B.; Sander, Lane C.; Ona-Ruales, Jorge O.; Moessner, Stephanie G.; Wise, Stephen A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sidisky, Leonard M.] MilliporeSigma, Bellefonte, PA 16823 USA. [Lee, Milton L.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Ona-Ruales, Jorge O.] Nazarbayev Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan. RP Wilson, WB (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM walter.wilson@nist.gov NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD FEB 10 PY 2017 VL 1484 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.026 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA EK4ZE UT WOS:000393935900010 PM 28089274 ER PT J AU Ding, YJ D'Incao, JP Greene, CH AF Ding, Yijue D'Incao, Jose P. Greene, Chris H. TI Effective control of cold collisions with radio-frequency fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FESHBACH RESONANCES; SCATTERING LENGTHS; GASES; ATOMS; SPECTROSCOPY; POTENTIALS; MOLECULES; DYNAMICS; ENERGY; LIGHT AB We study Rb-87 cold collisions in a static magnetic field and a single-color radio-frequency (RF) field by employing the multichannel quantum defect theory in combination with the Floquetmethod to solve the two-body time-dependent Schrodinger equation. Our results show that RF fields can modify the two-body scattering length by a large scale through Feshbach resonances in both low-and high-static magnetic-field regimes. Such RF-induced Feshbach resonances can be applied to quenching experiments or control of interactions in spinor condensates. Here, we also show that, analogously to photoassociation, RF fields can also associate cold atoms into molecules at a useful rate. C1 [Ding, Yijue; Greene, Chris H.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [D'Incao, Jose P.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [D'Incao, Jose P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [D'Incao, Jose P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ding, YJ; Greene, CH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ding51@purdue.edu; chgreene@purdue.edu FU NSF [PHYS-1306905, PHYS-1307380]; BSF [2012504] FX C.H.G. thanks Dan Stamper-Kurn for discussions that sparked the present study. This work was supported in part by NSF Grant No. PHYS-1306905, NSF Grant No. PHYS-1307380, and BSF Grant No. 2012504. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 10 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 2 AR 022709 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.95.022709 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA EK2EO UT WOS:000393740800008 ER PT J AU Cheung, CSF Anderson, KW Patel, PM Cade, KL Phinney, KW Turko, IV AF Cheung, Crystal S. F. Anderson, Kyle W. Patel, Pooja M. Cade, Keale L. Phinney, Karen W. Turko, Illarion V. TI A new approach to quantification of mAb aggregates using peptide affinity probes SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DRUG DISCOVERY; PHAGE DISPLAY; STABILITY; VISCOSITY; PROTEINS; FORMULATION; PROTEOMICS; BINDING AB Using mAbs as therapeutic molecules is complicated by the propensity of mAbs to aggregate at elevated concentrations, which can lead to a variety of adverse events in treatment. Here, we describe a proof-of-concept for new methodology to detect and quantify mAb aggregation. Assay development included using an aggregated mAb as bait for screening of phage display peptide library and identifying those peptides with random sequence which can recognize mAb aggregates. Once identified, the selected peptides can be used for developing quantitative methods to assess mAb aggregation. Results indicate that a peptide binding method coupled with mass spectrometric detection of bound peptide can quantify mAb aggregation and potentially be useful for monitoring aggregation propensity of therapeutic protein candidates. C1 [Cheung, Crystal S. F.; Anderson, Kyle W.; Phinney, Karen W.; Turko, Illarion V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cheung, Crystal S. F.; Anderson, Kyle W.; Patel, Pooja M.; Cade, Keale L.; Turko, Illarion V.] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Turko, IV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Turko, IV (reprint author), Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM iturko@umd.edu OI Anderson, Kyle/0000-0002-2808-3026 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD FEB 10 PY 2017 VL 7 AR 42497 DI 10.1038/srep42497 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EK8VN UT WOS:000394202800001 PM 28186164 ER PT J AU Sagarese, SR Lauretta, MV Walter, JF AF Sagarese, Skyler R. Lauretta, Matthew V. Walter, John F., III TI Progress towards a next-generation fisheries ecosystem model for the northern Gulf of Mexico SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Grouper; Predator-prey interactions; Trophic ecology; Ecopath; Mixed trophic impact; Keystone species ID WEST FLORIDA SHELF; LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEM; GAG MYCTEROPERCA-MICROLEPIS; FISH DIET COMPOSITIONS; MULTIPLE DATA SOURCES; PROTECTIVE GILL NETS; FOOD-WEB MODELS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; STOMACH CONTENTS; SHARKS CAUGHT AB Catastrophic disturbances to marine environments, such as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM), emphasize the need to approach fisheries management and restoration from an ecosystem perspective. To evaluate the ecosystem dynamics within the GoM, we developed a mass balanced Ecopath model ("nGoM Ecopath") which integrated ecosystem stressors, indirect effects of fishing (e.g. bycatch), and predator-prey dynamics. A meta-analysis of diet composition filled critical gaps in higher trophic level predator-prey linkages, such as predation on economically important groupers (Serranidae). Compared to previous Ecopath models of the GoM, nGoM Ecopath displayed higher ecosystem complexity including higher connectivity amongst trophic groups and increased omnivory. Mixed trophic impact analysis revealed species including snappers, groupers, pelagic coastal piscivores, oceanic piscivores, cephalopods, and dolphins as critical top-down predators. Bottom-up effects were identified for juvenile groupers and mackerels, which benefited from high production of invertebrates and small fishes. Network analysis revealed detrimental effects of red tides on sharks, skates and rays, and demersal coastal invertebrate feeders such as black drum, as well as adult red and gag grouper. Pelagic coastal piscivores (e.g. jacks (Carangidae)), snappers (Lutjanidae), and mobile epifauna (e.g. lobsters) imposed the largest influence on ecosystem structure as keystone predators. The nGoM Ecopath model using the dynamic module Ecosim can help guide restoration efforts through the evaluation of multispecies responses to management actions and identification of ecosystem trade-offs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sagarese, Skyler R.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Sagarese, Skyler R.; Lauretta, Matthew V.; Walter, John F., III] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Sagarese, SR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.; Sagarese, SR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Skyler.sagarese@noaa.gov; matthew.lauretta@noaa.gov; john.f.walter@noaa.gov FU Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS); Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ1226] FX We thank C. Ainsworth, C. Walters, T. Geers, and D. Chagaris for insightful discussions throughout the development of this model, which began during the semester-long University of South Florida Ecopath with Ecosim course. We are also indebted to all the researchers, scientists, staff, and volunteers who have helped acquire the vast amount of fishery-dependent and fishery independent data and diet composition estimates used within model parameterization. M. Nuttall, J. Serafy, A. Grass, C. Porch, and A. Chester provided helpful comments on an earlier draft. S. Heymans also provided technical assistance with the EwE network analysis plug-in. This research was carried out (in part) under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, cooperative agreement #NA17RJ1226. NR 152 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 10 PY 2017 VL 345 BP 75 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.11.001 PG 24 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EJ5HP UT WOS:000393248700008 ER PT J AU Tavazza, F Kuhr, B Farkas, D Levine, LE AF Tavazza, F. Kuhr, B. Farkas, D. Levine, L. E. TI Ni Nanoindentation at the Nanoscale: Atomic Rearrangements at the Ni-C Interface SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; NACL-TYPE STRUCTURE; INCIPIENT PLASTICITY; DISLOCATION NUCLEATION; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION; SURFACE INDENTATION; COHESIVE PROPERTIES; MD SIMULATION; THIN-FILMS AB As mechanical testing proceeds toward ever decreasing length. scales, the-Ultimate limit is the atomic scale. Here, we investigate the atomic-scale interactions that occur at the diamond-nickel interface during the earliest stages of a Ni nanoindentation measurement. Using molecular dynamics with a custom-designed empirical potential, we found that, irrespectively of the Ni orientation, the same Ni-C interfacial structure always formed between the substrate and the diamond indenter. As the indenter digs deeper into the specimen, the location of the Ni-C interface changes, but its structure never does. In addition, the local formation of this structure produces longer-range disorder that may affect the local stresses and, activation barriers to dislocation nucleation. As this process requires relatively large atomic displacements of the Ni atoms for some Ni orientations, we used density functional theory calculations to validate and understand the process. C1 [Tavazza, F.; Levine, L. E.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kuhr, B.; Farkas, D.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 213 Holden Hall,445 Old Turner St, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Tavazza, F (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ftavazza@nist.gov NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD FEB 9 PY 2017 VL 121 IS 5 BP 2643 EP 2651 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b09182 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA EK7BQ UT WOS:000394080900018 ER PT J AU DeLisio, JB Yi, F LaVan, DA Zachariah, MR AF DeLisio, Jeffery B. Yi, Feng LaVan, David A. Zachariah, Michael R. TI High Heating Rate Reaction Dynamics of Al/CuO Nanolaminates by Nanocalorimetry-Coupled Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID THERMITE; COMBUSTION; MEMS; AL AB Highly tunable reactive nanolaminates have been of recent interest for various "on chip" energetic applications. The reaction dynamics of Al/CuO nanolaminates were investigated By nanocalorirnetry-coupled time-of-flight mass spectrometry, capable of simultaneous measurement of temporal thermal dynamics and detection of evolved gas phase species at heating rates up to 406 K/s. The nanolaminates were synthesized by alternately sputtering Al and CuO onto the heater of nanocalorimeter sensors. For thin films of 80 rim with -one bilayer, the stoichiorrietric ratio of fuel to oxidizer significantly affected the reaction mechanism: initial reactions Occurred between 300 and 400 degrees C, and main reactions varied 4 6 8 10 based-on stoichiometry. For thicker films of 199 and 266 nm, a series of samples with Varying bilayer numbers were analyzed to determine the-effect of diffusion distance and interfacial area. Only one reaction step was observed for a sample with a bilayer thickness of 33 mm A two-step reaction mechanism is observed as the bilayer thickness was increased to 66 nm and beyond: solid-state reaction occurring at the interfaces of Al and CuO Before the melting of Al and a much faster liquid solid reaction right after the melting of Al. At the same time, interfacial premixed distance during the deposition was also estimated from parallel experiments. Furthermore; the power data from nanocalorimetry provides a more direct method, compared to optical emission and mass spectrometry based methods, in determining the ignition temperature in Addition to being able to measure actual eriergy output for films with narioscale thicknesses. C1 [DeLisio, Jeffery B.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [DeLisio, Jeffery B.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yi, Feng; LaVan, David A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; LaVan, DA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.lavan@nist.gov; mrz@umd.edu FU Army Research Office; DTRA FX M.R.Z. and J.B.D. were supported in part by the Army Research Office and DTRA. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this document. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the products identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. Nanocalorimeter fabrication was performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science & Technology (CNST). NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD FEB 9 PY 2017 VL 121 IS 5 BP 2771 EP 2777 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b11114 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA EK7BQ UT WOS:000394080900033 ER PT J AU Butler, AH Sjoberg, JP Seidel, DJ Rosenlof, KH AF Butler, Amy H. Sjoberg, Jeremiah P. Seidel, Dian J. Rosenlof, Karen H. TI A sudden stratospheric warming compendium SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; REANALYSIS PROJECT; EXTRATROPICAL CIRCULATION; ERA-40 REANALYSIS; WEATHER REGIMES; ASSIMILATION; EVENTS; IMPACT AB Major, sudden midwinter stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are large and rapid temperature increases in the winter polar stratosphere are associated with a complete reversal of the climatological westerly winds (i.e., the polar vortex). These extreme events can have substantial impacts on winter surface climate, including increased frequency of cold air outbreaks over North America and Eurasia and anomalous warming over Greenland and eastern Canada. Here we present a SSW Compendium (SSWC), a new database that documents the evolution of the stratosphere, troposphere, and surface conditions 60 days prior to and after SSWs for the period 1958-2014. The SSWC comprises data from six different reanalysis products: MERRA2 (1980-2014), JRA-55 (1958-2014), ERA-interim (1979-2014), ERA-40 (1958-2002), NOAA20CRv2c (1958-2011), and NCEP-NCAR I (1958-2014). Global gridded daily anomaly fields, full fields, and derived products are provided for each SSW event. The compendium will allow users to examine the structure and evolution of individual SSWs, and the variability among events and among reanalysis products. The SSWC is archived and maintained by NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI, doi: 10.7289/V5NS0RWP). C1 [Butler, Amy H.; Sjoberg, Jeremiah P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Butler, Amy H.; Sjoberg, Jeremiah P.; Rosenlof, Karen H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Seidel, Dian J.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Butler, AH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Butler, AH (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM amy.butler@noaa.gov RI Butler, Amy/K-6190-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Butler, Amy/0000-0002-3632-0925; /0000-0002-0903-8270 FU NOAA Climate Program Office FX This work was funded by the NOAA Climate Program Office. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PD FEB 9 PY 2017 VL 9 IS 1 BP 63 EP 76 DI 10.5194/essd-9-63-2017 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM6GV UT WOS:000395411800001 ER PT J AU Balram, KC Davanco, MI Ilic, BR Kyhm, JH Song, JD Srinivasan, K AF Balram, Krishna C. Davanco, Marcelo I. Ilic, B. Robert Kyhm, Ji-Hoon Song, Jin Dong Srinivasan, Kartik TI Acousto-Optic Modulation and Optoacoustic Gating in Piezo-Optomechanical Circuits SO PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM GROUND-STATE; CAVITY OPTOMECHANICS; MICROMECHANICAL OSCILLATOR; INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; ACOUSTIC-WAVES; MICROWAVE; FREQUENCIES; RESONATORS; CONVERSION; MOTION AB Acoustic-wave devices provide a promising chip-scale platform for efficiently coupling radio frequency (rf) and optical fields. Here, we use an integrated piezo-optomechanical circuit platform that exploits both the piezoelectric and photoelastic coupling mechanisms to link 2.4-GHz rf waves to 194-THz (1550 nm) optical waves, through coupling to propagating and localized 2.4-GHz acoustic waves. We demonstrate acousto-optic modulation, resonant in both the optical and mechanical domains, in which waveforms encoded on the rf carrier are mapped to the optical field. We also show optoacoustic gating, in which the application of modulated optical pulses interferometrically gates the transmission of propagating acoustic pulses. The time-domain characteristics of this system under both pulsed rf and pulsed optical excitation are considered in the context of the different physical pathways involved in driving the acoustic waves, and modeled through the coupled mode equations of cavity optomechanics. C1 [Balram, Krishna C.; Davanco, Marcelo I.; Ilic, B. Robert; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Balram, Krishna C.] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kyhm, Ji-Hoon] Dongguk Univ, Quantumfunct Semicond Res Ctr, Seoul 04620, South Korea. [Song, Jin Dong] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Optoelect Mat & Devices Res, Seoul 136791, South Korea. RP Balram, KC (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Balram, KC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kcbalram@gmail.com; kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov FU University of Maryland; NIST-CNST Award [70NANB10H193]; KIST flagship institutional program FX K. C. B. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and NIST-CNST Award No. 70NANB10H193. J. D. S. acknowledges support from the KIST flagship institutional program. The device layout was done with the 'Nano-lithography Toolbox', a free software package developed by the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology [33]. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2331-7019 J9 PHYS REV APPL JI Phys. Rev. Appl. PD FEB 9 PY 2017 VL 7 IS 2 AR 024008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.7.024008 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA EK2HP UT WOS:000393748700001 ER PT J AU Brubaker, BM Zhong, L Gurevich, YV Cahn, SB Lamoreaux, SK Simanovskaia, M Root, JR Lewis, SM Al Kenany, S Backes, KM Urdinaran, I Rapidis, NM Shokair, TM van Bibber, KA Palken, DA Malnou, M Kindel, WF Anil, MA Lehnert, KW Carosi, G AF Brubaker, B. M. Zhong, L. Gurevich, Y. V. Cahn, S. B. Lamoreaux, S. K. Simanovskaia, M. Root, J. R. Lewis, S. M. Al Kenany, S. Backes, K. M. Urdinaran, I. Rapidis, N. M. Shokair, T. M. van Bibber, K. A. Palken, D. A. Malnou, M. Kindel, W. F. Anil, M. A. Lehnert, K. W. Carosi, G. TI First Results from a Microwave Cavity Axion Search at 24 mu eV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INVISIBLE-AXION; HARMLESS AXION; COSMIC AXIONS; CP INVARIANCE; CONSTRAINTS; DENSITY; MODELS; LIMITS; HALO AB We report on the first results from a new microwave cavity search for dark matter axions with masses above 20 mu eV. We exclude axion models with two-photon coupling g(a gamma gamma) greater than or similar to 2 x 10(-14) GeV-1 over the range 23.55 < m(a) < 24.0 mu eV. These results represent two important achievements. First, we have reached cosmologically relevant sensitivity an order of magnitude higher in mass than any existing limits. Second, by incorporating a dilution refrigerator and Josephson parametric amplifier, we have demonstrated total noise approaching the standard quantum limit for the first time in an axion search. C1 [Brubaker, B. M.; Zhong, L.; Gurevich, Y. V.; Cahn, S. B.; Lamoreaux, S. K.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Simanovskaia, M.; Root, J. R.; Lewis, S. M.; Al Kenany, S.; Backes, K. M.; Urdinaran, I.; Rapidis, N. M.; Shokair, T. M.; van Bibber, K. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Palken, D. A.; Malnou, M.; Kindel, W. F.; Anil, M. A.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Palken, D. A.; Malnou, M.; Kindel, W. F.; Anil, M. A.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Palken, D. A.; Malnou, M.; Kindel, W. F.; Anil, M. A.; Lehnert, K. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Carosi, G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Brubaker, BM (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM benjamin.brubaker@yale.edu RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649 FU National Science Foundation [PHY-1362305, PHY-1306729]; Heising-Simons Foundation [2014-181, 2014-182, 2014-183]; U.S. Department of Energy through Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, under Grants No. PHY-1362305 and No. PHY-1306729, by the Heising-Simons Foundation under Grants No. 2014-181, No. 2014-182, and No. 2014-183, and by the U.S. Department of Energy through Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. We gratefully acknowledge the critical contributions by Matthias Buhler of Low Temperature Solutions UG to the design of and upgrades to the cryogenic system. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 9 PY 2017 VL 118 IS 6 AR 061302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.061302 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA EK2HF UT WOS:000393747700003 PM 28234529 ER PT J AU Chen, J Gao, QL Sanson, A Jiang, XX Huang, QZ Carnera, A Rodriguez, CG Olivi, L Wang, L Hu, L Lin, K Ren, Y Lin, ZS Wang, C Gu, L Deng, JX Attfield, JP Xing, XR AF Chen, Jun Gao, Qilong Sanson, Andrea Jiang, Xingxing Huang, Qingzhen Carnera, Alberto Rodriguez, Clara Guglieri Olivi, Luca Wang, Lei Hu, Lei Lin, Kun Ren, Yang Lin, Zheshuai Wang, Cong Gu, Lin Deng, Jinxia Attfield, J. Paul Xing, Xianran TI Tunable thermal expansion in framework materials through redox intercalation SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; CUBIC SCF3; ZERO; FE; BEHAVIOR; ZRW2O8 AB Thermal expansion properties of solids are of fundamental interest and control of thermal expansion is important for practical applications but can be difficult to achieve. Many framework-type materials show negative thermal expansion when internal cages are empty but positive thermal expansion when additional atoms or molecules fill internal voids present. Here we show that redox intercalation offers an effective method to control thermal expansion from positive to zero to negative by insertion of Li ions into the simple negative thermal expansion framework material ScF3, doped with 10% Fe to enable reduction. The small concentration of intercalated Li ions has a strong influence through steric hindrance of transverse fluoride ion vibrations, which directly controls the thermal expansion. Redox intercalation of guest ions is thus likely to be a general and effective method for controlling thermal expansion in the many known framework materials with phonon-driven negative thermal expansion. C1 [Chen, Jun; Gao, Qilong; Hu, Lei; Lin, Kun; Deng, Jinxia; Xing, Xianran] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Dept Phys Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Sanson, Andrea; Carnera, Alberto] Univ Padua, Dept Phys & Astron, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Jiang, Xingxing; Lin, Zheshuai] Chinese Acad Sci, Tech Inst Phys & Chem, Ctr Crystal R&D, Key Lab Funct Crystals & Laser Technol, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Huang, Qingzhen] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rodriguez, Clara Guglieri; Olivi, Luca] Elettra Sicrotrone Trieste, Str Statale 14 Km,AREA Sci Pk, I-34149 Basovizza, Italy. [Wang, Lei; Wang, Cong] Beihang Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter & Mat Phys, Dept Phys, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. [Ren, Yang] Argonne Natl Lab, X Ray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gu, Lin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Attfield, J. Paul] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Sci Extreme Condit, Peter Guthrie Tait Rd,Kings Bldg, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Midlothian, Scotland. [Attfield, J. Paul] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Chem, Peter Guthrie Tait Rd,Kings Bldg, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Xing, XR (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Dept Phys Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.; Attfield, JP (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Sci Extreme Condit, Peter Guthrie Tait Rd,Kings Bldg, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Midlothian, Scotland.; Attfield, JP (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Chem, Peter Guthrie Tait Rd,Kings Bldg, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Midlothian, Scotland. EM j.p.attfield@ed.ac.uk; xing@ustb.edu.cn RI Gu, Lin/D-9631-2011; OI Gu, Lin/0000-0002-7504-031X; Olivi, Luca/0000-0002-8368-7105 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21322102, 91422301, 21231001, 21590793, 11474292]; Program for Changjiang Scholars and the Innovative Research Team in University [IRT1207]; Changjiang Young Scholars Award; National Program for Support of Top-notch Young Professionals; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China [FRF-TP-14-012C1]; Special Foundation of the Director of Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry (TIPC); U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 21322102, 91422301, 21231001, 21590793 and 11474292), the Program for Changjiang Scholars and the Innovative Research Team in University (IRT1207), the Changjiang Young Scholars Award, National Program for Support of Top-notch Young Professionals, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (FRF-TP-14-012C1), the Special Foundation of the Director of Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry (TIPC). The use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DE-AC02-06CH11357). We acknowledge the ELETTRA Synchrotron Radiation Facility for provision of synchrotron radiation as well as all the staff of the XAFS beamline. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 22 U2 22 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD FEB 9 PY 2017 VL 8 AR 14441 DI 10.1038/ncomms14441 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EK0AK UT WOS:000393588500001 PM 28181576 ER PT J AU Jones, DOB Kaiser, S Sweetman, AK Smith, CR Menot, L Vink, A Trueblood, D Greinert, J Billett, DSM Arbizu, PM Radziejewska, T Singh, R Ingole, B Stratmann, T Simon-Lledo, E Durden, JM Clark, MR AF Jones, Daniel O. B. Kaiser, Stefanie Sweetman, Andrew K. Smith, Craig R. Menot, Lenaick Vink, Annemiek Trueblood, Dwight Greinert, Jens Billett, David S. M. Arbizu, Pedro Martinez Radziejewska, Teresa Singh, Ravail Ingole, Baban Stratmann, Tanja Simon-Lledo, Erik Durden, Jennifer M. Clark, Malcolm R. TI Biological responses to disturbance from simulated deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT; BENTHIC DISTURBANCE; RED-SEA; PHYSICAL DISTURBANCE; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; SOUTHEAST PACIFIC; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; MANGANESE-NODULE; FRACTURE-ZONE; SEDIMENT AB Commercial-scale mining for polymetallic nodules could have a major impact on the deepsea environment, but the effects of these mining activities on deep-sea ecosystems are very poorly known. The first commercial test mining for polymetallic nodules was carried out in 1970. Since then a number of small-scale commercial test mining or scientific disturbance studies have been carried out. Here we evaluate changes in faunal densities and diversity of benthic communities measured in response to these 11 simulated or test nodule mining disturbances using meta-analysis techniques. We find that impacts are often severe immediately after mining, with major negative changes in density and diversity of most groups occurring. However, in some cases, the mobile fauna and small-sized fauna experienced less negative impacts over the longer term. At seven sites in the Pacific, multiple surveys assessed recovery in fauna over periods of up to 26 years. Almost all studies show some recovery in faunal density and diversity for meiofauna and mobile megafauna, often within one year. However, very few faunal groups return to baseline or control conditions after two decades. The effects of polymetallic nodule mining are likely to be long term. Our analyses show considerable negative biological effects of seafloor nodule mining, even at the small scale of test mining experiments, although there is variation in sensitivity amongst organisms of different sizes and functional groups, which have important implications for ecosystem responses. Unfortunately, many past studies have limitations that reduce their effectiveness in determining responses. We provide recommendations to improve future mining impact test studies. Further research to assess the effects of test-mining activities will inform ways to improve mining practices and guide effective environmental management of mining activities. C1 [Jones, Daniel O. B.; Billett, David S. M.; Simon-Lledo, Erik; Durden, Jennifer M.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Waterfront Campus, Southampton, Hants, England. [Kaiser, Stefanie] German Ctr Marine Biodivers Res DZMB, Senckenberg Meer, Wilhelmshaven, Germany. [Sweetman, Andrew K.] Heriot Watt Univ, Lyell Ctr Earth & Marine Sci & Technol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Smith, Craig R.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Menot, Lenaick] IFREMER, Ctr Bretagne, Plouzane, France. [Vink, Annemiek] Geozentrum Hannover, Bundesanstalt Geowissensch & Rohstoffe, Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources, Hannover, Germany. [Trueblood, Dwight] Univ New Hampshire, NOAA, Off Coastal Management, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Greinert, Jens] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Kiel, Germany. [Greinert, Jens] Christian Albrechts Univ Kiel, Inst Geosci, Kiel, Germany. [Radziejewska, Teresa] Univ Szczecin, Fac Geosci, Palaeoceanol Unit, Szczecin, Poland. [Ingole, Baban] CSIR, Natl Inst Oceanog, Panaji, Goa, India. [Stratmann, Tanja] NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Estuarine & Delta Syst, Yerseke, Netherlands. [Stratmann, Tanja] Univ Utrecht, Yerseke, Netherlands. [Simon-Lledo, Erik] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Ocean & Earth Sci, European Way, Southampton, Hants, England. [Clark, Malcolm R.] Natl Inst Water Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. RP Jones, DOB (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Waterfront Campus, Southampton, Hants, England. EM dj1@noc.ac.uk OI Menot, Lenaick/0000-0002-8117-1607; Durden, Jennifer/0000-0002-6529-9109; Stratmann, Tanja/0000-0001-7997-1157; Greinert, Jens/0000-0001-6186-8573 FU European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7)under MIDAS (Managing Impacts of Deep-seA reSource exploitation) [603418]; Polish National Science Centre [2014/13/B/ST10/02996]; UK Natural Environment Research Council through National Capability FX The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under the MIDAS (Managing Impacts of Deep-seA reSource exploitation) project, grant agreement 603418. TR received funding from the Polish National Science Centre grant 2014/13/B/ST10/02996. Funding was also provided from the UK Natural Environment Research Council through National Capability funding to NOC. The funders had no role in the study data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; We would like to thank Michelle Bond from the International Seabed Authority library for help in obtaining some of the studies used in this paper. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under the MIDAS (Managing Impacts of Deep-seA reSource exploitation) project, grant agreement 603418. TR acknowledges funding provided by the Polish National Science Centre grant 2014/13/B/ST10/02996. We acknowledge support from the UK Natural Environment Research Council through National Capability funding to NOC. The funders had no role in the study data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 103 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 8 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 2 AR e0171750 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0171750 PG 26 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EK1UY UT WOS:000393712500067 PM 28178346 ER PT J AU Pikovski, A AF Pikovski, Alexander TI Note on a differentiation formula, with application to the two-dimensional Schrodinger equation SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB A method for obtaining discretization formulas for the derivatives of a function is presented, which relies on a generalization of divided differences. These modified divided differences essentially correspond to a change of the dependent variable. This method is applied to the numerical solution of the eigenvalue problem for the two-dimensional Schrodinger equation, where standard methods converge very slowly while the approach proposed here gives accurate results. The presented approach has the merit of being conceptually simple and might prove useful in other instances. C1 [Pikovski, Alexander] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pikovski, Alexander] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Pikovski, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Pikovski, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM alexander.pikovski@colorado.edu FU Army Research Office FX This work was supported by the Army Research Office. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 8 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 2 AR e0171444 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0171444 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EK1UY UT WOS:000393712500043 PM 28178300 ER PT J AU Vincenzi, S Mangel, M Jesensek, D Garza, JC Crivelli, AJ AF Vincenzi, Simone Mangel, Marc Jesensek, Dusan Garza, John Carlos Crivelli, Alain J. TI Genetic and life-history consequences of extreme climate events SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE marble trout; pedigree reconstruction; longitudinal data; heterozygosity; age at reproduction ID TROUT SALMO-MARMORATUS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; WEATHER-EVENTS; ADAPTATION; GROWTH; PERSISTENCE; ENVIRONMENT; EVOLUTION; SELECTION; SLOVENIA AB Climate change is predicted to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events. Tests on empirical data of theory-based predictions on the consequences of extreme climate events are thus necessary to understand the adaptive potential of species and the overarching risks associated with all aspects of climate change. We tested predictions on the genetic and life-history consequences of extreme climate events in two populations of marble trout Salmo marmoratus that have experienced severe demographic bottlenecks due to flash floods. We combined long-term field and genotyping data with pedigree reconstruction in a theory-based framework. Our results show that after flash floods, reproduction occurred at a younger age in one population. In both populations, we found the highest reproductive variance in the first cohort born after the floods due to a combination of fewer parents and higher early survival of offspring. A small number of parents allowed for demographic recovery after the floods, but the genetic bottleneck further reduced genetic diversity in both populations. Our results also elucidate some of the mechanisms responsible for a greater prevalence of faster life histories after the extreme event. C1 [Vincenzi, Simone; Garza, John Carlos] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Vincenzi, Simone; Garza, John Carlos] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Mangel, Marc] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Jesensek, Dusan] Tolmin Angling Assoc, Most Na Soci, Slovenia. [Crivelli, Alain J.] Stn Biol Tour Valat, F-13200 Arles, France. RP Vincenzi, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.; Vincenzi, S (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM simon.vincenz@gmail.com FU MAVA Foundation; Tolmin Angling Association; NSF [DEB 14-51931] FX This study was partially funded by the MAVA Foundation, and the Tolmin Angling Association. M.M. was partially funded by NSF DEB 14-51931. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD FEB 8 PY 2017 VL 284 IS 1848 AR 20162118 DI 10.1098/rspb.2016.2118 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EK2IC UT WOS:000393750000006 ER PT J AU Silva, GB Glancy, S Vasconcelos, HM AF Silva, G. B. Glancy, S. Vasconcelos, H. M. TI Investigating bias in maximum-likelihood quantum-state tomography SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB Maximum-likelihood quantum-state tomography yields estimators that are consistent, provided that the likelihood model is correct, but the maximum-likelihood estimators may have bias for any finite data set. The bias of an estimator is the difference between the expected value of the estimate and the true value of the parameter being estimated. This paper investigates bias in the widely used maximum-likelihood quantum-state tomography. Our goal is to understand how the amount of bias depends on factors such as the purity of the true state, the number of measurements performed, and the number of different bases in which the system is measured. For this, we perform numerical experiments that simulate optical homodyne tomography of squeezed thermal states under various conditions, perform tomography, and estimate bias in the purity of the estimated state. We find that estimates of higher purity states exhibit considerable bias, such that the estimates have lower purities than the true states. C1 [Silva, G. B.; Vasconcelos, H. M.] Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Engn Teleinformat, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Glancy, S.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Vasconcelos, HM (reprint author), Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Engn Teleinformat, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. EM hilma@ufc.br OI Vasconcelos, Hilma/0000-0001-7129-1026 FU Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) FX We thank Kevin Coakley, Adam Keith, and Emanuel Knill for helpful comments on the manuscript. H.M.V. thanks the Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Informacao Quantica (INCT-IQ). G.B.S. thanks Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) for financial support. This work includes contributions of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, which are not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 8 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 2 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.95.022107 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA EJ8SX UT WOS:000393497500001 ER PT J AU Haddadian, EJ Zhang, H Freed, KF Douglas, JF AF Haddadian, Esmael J. Zhang, Hao Freed, Karl F. Douglas, Jack F. TI Comparative Study of the Collective Dynamics of Proteins and Inorganic Nanoparticles SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY FLUCTUATIONS; GLASSY INTERFACIAL DYNAMICS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; PDZ DOMAINS; COOPERATIVE MOTION; SUPERCOOLED WATER; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; ENZYME CATALYSIS AB Molecular dynamics simulations of ubiquitin in water/glycerol solutions are used to test the suggestion by Karplus and coworkers that proteins in their biologically active state should exhibit a dynamics similar to 'surface-melted' inorganic nanoparticles (NPs). Motivated by recent studies indicating that surface-melted inorganic NPs are in a 'glassy' state that is an intermediate dynamical state between a solid and liquid, we probe the validity and significance of this proposed analogy. In particular, atomistic simulations of ubiquitin in solution based on CHARMM36 force field and pre-melted Ni NPs (Voter-Chen Embedded Atom Method potential) indicate a common dynamic heterogeneity, along with other features of glass-forming (GF) liquids such as collective atomic motion in the form of string-like atomic displacements, potential energy fluctuations and particle displacements with long range correlations ('colored' or 'pink' noise), and particle displacement events having a power law scaling in magnitude, as found in earthquakes. On the other hand, we find the dynamics of ubiquitin to be even more like a polycrystalline material in which the alpha-helix and beta-sheet regions of the protein are similar to crystal grains so that the string-like collective atomic motion is concentrated in regions between the a-helix and beta-sheet domains. C1 [Haddadian, Esmael J.] Univ Chicago, Biol Sci Collegiate Div, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Zhang, Hao] Univ Alberta, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada. [Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.; Douglas, JF (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hao.zhang@ualberta.ca; jack.douglas@nist.gov RI Zhang, Hao/A-3272-2008 FU NIH [S10 RR029030-01, GM055694]; National Science Foundation [CHE-1363012]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This work was completed using resources provided by the University of Chicago Research Computing Center, Computation Institute (in particular the Beagle and Midway computing cluster), Biological Sciences Division and Argonne National Laboratory under NIH grant S10 RR029030-01 and by grants from the NIH (Grant GM055694), National Science Foundation (Grant CHE-1363012), and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. We thank Francis Starr of Wesleyan University for kindly providing simulation data for the SPC/E water model based on formerly published molecular dynamics simulations. We also thank Sachin Natesh from the university of Chicago for calculating the diffusion coefficient values of Glycerol and water at different temperatures. NR 138 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD FEB 8 PY 2017 VL 7 AR 41671 DI 10.1038/srep41671 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EK0GY UT WOS:000393606000001 PM 28176808 ER PT J AU Bertrand, CE Self, JL Copley, JRD Faraone, A AF Bertrand, C. E. Self, J. L. Copley, J. R. D. Faraone, A. TI Dynamic signature of molecular association in methanol (vol 145, 014502, 2016) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Bertrand, C. E.; Copley, J. R. D.; Faraone, A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Self, J. L.] Univ Texas Austin, McKetta Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Self, J. L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Self, JL (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, McKetta Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA.; Self, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM afaraone@nist.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 7 PY 2017 VL 146 IS 5 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA EL4FH UT WOS:000394576600063 ER PT J AU Cicerone, MT Tyagi, M AF Cicerone, Marcus T. Tyagi, Madhusudan TI Metabasin transitions are Johari-Goldstein relaxation events SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCOOLED ORTHO-TERPHENYL; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ORGANIC GLASS FORMERS; SLOW BETA-PROCESS; VISCOUS-LIQUIDS; DYNAMIC HETEROGENEITIES; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; PROPYLENE CARBONATE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING AB We show that by representing quasi-elastic and inelastic neutron scattering from propylene carbonate (PC) with an explicitly heterogeneous model, we recover signatures of two distinct localized modes in addition to diffusive motion. The intermediate scattering function provides access to the time-dependence of these two localized dynamic processes, and they appear to correspond to transitions between inherent states and between metabasins on a potential energy landscape. By fitting the full q-dependence of inelastic scattering, we confirm that the Johari-Goldstein (beta(JG)) relaxation in PC is indistinguishable from metabasin transitions. C1 [Cicerone, Marcus T.; Tyagi, Madhusudan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cicerone, Marcus T.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cicerone, MT (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Cicerone, MT (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM cicerone@nist.gov OI Cicerone, Marcus/0000-0002-2718-6533 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1508249] FX The use of the HFBS spectrometer in this work is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-1508249. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 7 PY 2017 VL 146 IS 5 AR 054502 DI 10.1063/1.4973935 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA EL4FH UT WOS:000394576600044 PM 28178827 ER PT J AU Garberoglio, G Jankowski, P Szalewicz, K Harvey, AH AF Garberoglio, Giovanni Jankowski, Piotr Szalewicz, Krzysztof Harvey, Allan H. TI All-dimensional H-2-CO potential: Validation with fully quantum second virial coefficients SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DER-WAALS COMPLEX; CARBON-MONOXIDE; INTERACTION ENERGY; FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS; MONOMER GEOMETRY; MIXTURES; HYDROGEN; STATE; WATER; CO AB We use a new high-accuracy all-dimensional potential to compute the cross second virial coefficient B-12(T) between molecular hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The path-integral method is used to fully account for quantum effects. Values are calculated from 10 K to 2000 K and the uncertainty of the potential is propagated into uncertainties of B-12. Our calculated B-12(T) are in excellent agreement with most of the limited experimental data available, but cover a much wider range of temperatures and have lower uncertainties. Similar to recently reported findings from scattering calculations, we find that the reduced-dimensionality potential obtained by averaging over the rovibrational motion of the monomers gives results that are a good approximation to those obtained when flexibility is fully taken into account. Also, the four-dimensional approximation with monomers taken at their vibrationally averaged bond lengths works well. This finding is important, since full-dimensional potentials are difficult to develop even for triatomic monomers and are not currently possible to obtain for larger molecules. Likewise, most types of accurate quantum mechanical calculations, e.g., spectral or scattering, are severely limited in the number of dimensions that can be handled. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Garberoglio, Giovanni] European Ctr Theoret Studies Nucl Phys & Related, Via Sommarive 18, I-38123 Trento, Italy. [Garberoglio, Giovanni] Trento Inst Fundamental Phys & Applicat TIFPA INF, Via Sommarive 18, I-38123 Trento, Italy. [Jankowski, Piotr] Nicolaus Copernicus Univ Torun, Fac Chem, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Szalewicz, Krzysztof] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Harvey, Allan H.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Garberoglio, G (reprint author), European Ctr Theoret Studies Nucl Phys & Related, Via Sommarive 18, I-38123 Trento, Italy.; Garberoglio, G (reprint author), Trento Inst Fundamental Phys & Applicat TIFPA INF, Via Sommarive 18, I-38123 Trento, Italy. EM garberoglio@ectstar.eu; piotr.jankowski@umk.pl; szalewic@udel.edu; aharvey@boulder.nist.gov RI Jankowski, Piotr/O-5874-2015 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE-1566036]; FBK via the Mobility programme FX This work was partly supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant No. CHE-1566036. G.G. acknowledges support from FBK via the Mobility programme. The calculations of the virial coefficients were performed on the KORE computing cluster at Fondazione Bruno Kessler. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 7 PY 2017 VL 146 IS 5 AR 054304 DI 10.1063/1.4974993 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA EL4FH UT WOS:000394576600039 PM 28178790 ER PT J AU Jacob, RJ Ortiz-Montalvo, DL Overdeep, KR Weihs, TP Zachariah, MR AF Jacob, Rohit J. Ortiz-Montalvo, Diana L. Overdeep, Kyle R. Weihs, Timothy P. Zachariah, Michael R. TI Incomplete reactions in nanothermite composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESOLVED MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EXOTHERMIC REACTION; PARTICLES; COMBUSTION; AL/CUO; NANO; PROPAGATION; THERMITES; IGNITION; NANOTOMOGRAPHY AB Exothermic reactions between oxophilic metals and transition/post transition metal-oxides have been well documented owing to their fast reaction time scales (approximate to 10 mu s). This article examines the extent of the reaction in nano-aluminum based thermite systems through a forensic inspection of the products formed during reaction. Three nanothermite systems (Al/CuO, Al/Bi2O3, and Al/WO3) were selected owing to their diverse combustion characteristics, thereby providing sufficient generality and breadth to the analysis. Microgram quantities of the sample were coated onto a fine platinum wire, which was resistively heated at high heating rates (approximate to 10(5) K/s) to ignite the sample. The subsequent products were captured/quenched very rapidly (approximate to 500 mu s) in order to preserve the chemistry/morphology during initiation and subsequent reaction and were quantitatively analyzed using electron microscopy and focused ion beam cross-sectioning followed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Elemental examination of the cross-section of the quenched particles shows that oxygen is predominantly localized in the regions containing aluminum, implying the occurrence of the redox reaction. The Al/CuO system, which has simultaneous gaseous oxygen release and ignition (T-Ignition approximate to T-Oxygen Release), shows a substantially lower oxygen content within the product particles as opposed to Al/Bi2O3 and Al/WO3 thermites, which are postulated to undergo a condensed phase reaction (T-Ignition << T-Oxygen Release). An effective Al:O composition for the interior section was obtained for all the mixtures, with the smaller particles generally showing a higher oxygen content than the larger ones. The observed results were further corroborated with the reaction temperature, obtained using a high-speed spectro-pyrometer, and bomb calorimetry conducted on larger samples (approximate to 15 mg). The results suggest that thermites that produce sufficient amounts of gaseous products generate smaller product particles and achieve higher extents of completion. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Jacob, Rohit J.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20706 USA. [Jacob, Rohit J.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20706 USA. [Ortiz-Montalvo, Diana L.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Overdeep, Kyle R.; Weihs, Timothy P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20706 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu OI Ortiz-Montalvo, Diana/0000-0001-7293-4476 NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 7 PY 2017 VL 121 IS 5 AR 054307 DI 10.1063/1.4974963 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA EL0XS UT WOS:000394345700025 ER PT J AU Sidstedt, M Romsos, EL Hedell, R Ansell, R Steffen, CR Vallone, PM Radstrom, P Hedman, J AF Sidstedt, Maja Romsos, Erica L. Hedell, Ronny Ansell, Ricky Steffen, Carolyn R. Vallone, Peter M. Radstrom, Peter Hedman, Johannes TI Accurate Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction Quantification of Challenging Samples Applying Inhibitor-Tolerant DNA Polymerases SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; QUANTITATIVE PCR; ENVIRONMENTAL DNA; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; WATER SAMPLES; AMPLIFICATION; QPCR; SOIL; RESISTANCE; NUCLEAR AB Digital PCR (dPCR) enables absolute quantification of nucleic acids by partitioning of the sample into hundreds or thousands of minute reactions. By assuming a Poisson distribution for the number of DNA fragments present in each chamber, the DNA concentration is determined without the need for a standard curve. However, when analyzing nucleic acids from complex matrixes such as soil and blood, the dPCR quantification can be biased due to the presence of inhibitory compounds. In this study, we evaluated the impact of varying the DNA polymerase in chamber-based dPCR for both pure and impure samples using the common PCR inhibitor humic acid (HA) as a model. We compared the TaqMan Universal PCR Master Mix with two alternative DNA polymerases: ExTaq HS and Immolase. By using Bayesian modeling, we show that there is no difference among the tested DNA polymerases in terms of accuracy of absolute quantification for pure template samples, i.e., without HA present. For samples containing HA, there were great differences in performance: the TaqMan Universal PCR Master Mix failed to correctly quantify DNA with more than 13 pg/nL HA, whereas Immolase (1 U) could handle up to 375 pg/nL HA. Furthermore, we found that BSA had a moderate positive effect for the TaqMan Universal PCR Master Mix, enabling accurate quantification for 25 pg/nL HA. Increasing the amount of DNA polymerase from 1 to S U had a strong effect for ExTaq HS, elevating HA-tolerance four times. We also show that the average Cq values of positive reactions may be used as a measure of inhibition effects, e.g., to determine whether or not a dPCR quantification result is reliable. The statistical models developed to objectively analyze the data may also be applied in quality control. We conclude that the choice of DNA polymerase in dPCR is crucial for the accuracy of quantification when analyzing challenging samples. C1 [Sidstedt, Maja; Radstrom, Peter; Hedman, Johannes] Lund Univ, Dept Chem, Appl Microbiol, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Sidstedt, Maja; Hedell, Ronny; Ansell, Ricky; Hedman, Johannes] Swedish Natl Forens Ctr, SE-58194 Linkoping, Sweden. [Romsos, Erica L.; Steffen, Carolyn R.; Vallone, Peter M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hedell, Ronny] Chalmers, Dept Math Sci, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Hedell, Ronny] Univ Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Ansell, Ricky] Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys, Dept Phys Chem & Biol, IFM, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. RP Hedman, J (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Chem, Appl Microbiol, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.; Hedman, J (reprint author), Swedish Natl Forens Ctr, SE-58194 Linkoping, Sweden. EM johannes.hedman@tmb.lth.se FU Swedish Research Council [621-013-5999] FX We thank David Duewer, NIST, for assistance with amplification curve graphics. This study was financially supported by the Swedish Research Council (Grant 621-013-5999). NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 7 PY 2017 VL 89 IS 3 BP 1642 EP 1649 DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03746 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA EK2DQ UT WOS:000393738300035 PM 28118703 ER PT J AU Gentner, DR Jathar, SH Gordon, TD Bahreini, R Day, DA El Haddad, I Hayes, PL Pieber, SM Platt, SM de Gouw, J Goldstein, AH Harley, RA Jimenez, JL Prevot, ASH Robinson, AL AF Gentner, Drew R. Jathar, Shantanu H. Gordon, Timothy D. Bahreini, Roya Day, Douglas A. El Haddad, Imad Hayes, Patrick L. Pieber, Simone M. Platt, Stephen M. de Gouw, Joost Goldstein, Allen H. Harley, Robert A. Jimenez, Jose L. Prevot, Andre S. H. Robinson, Allen L. TI Review of Urban Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Gasoline and Diesel Motor Vehicle Emissions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LIGHT-DUTY GASOLINE; ON-ROAD GASOLINE; PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSIONS; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; 2-DIMENSIONAL GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CALIFORNIA REFORMULATED GASOLINE; WEEKDAY-WEEKEND DIFFERENCES; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETER; START GASEOUS EMISSIONS; AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES AB Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is formed from the atmospheric oxidation of gas-phase organic compounds leading to the formation of particle mass. Gasoline- and diesel-powered motor vehicles, both on/off-road, are important sources of SOA precursors. They emit complex mixtures of gas phase organic compounds that vary in volatility and molecular structure factors that influence their contributions to urban SOA. However, the relative importance of each vehicle type with respect to SOA formation remains unclear due to conflicting evidence from recent laboratory, field, and modeling studies. Both are likely important, with evolving contributions that vary with location and over short time scales. This review summarizes evidence, research needs, and discrepancies between top-down and bottom-up approaches used to estimate SOA from motor vehicles, focusing on inconsistencies between molecular-level understanding and regional observations. The effect of emission controls (e.g., exhaust aftertreatment technologies, fuel formulation) on SOA precursor emissions needs comprehensive evaluation, especially with international perspective given heterogeneity in regulations and technology penetration. Novel studies are needed to identify and quantify "missing" emissions that appear to contribute substantially to SOA production, especially in gasoline vehicles with the most advanced aftertreatment. Initial evidence suggests catalyzed diesel particulate filters greatly reduce emissions of SOA precursors along with primary aerosol. C1 [Gentner, Drew R.] Yale Univ, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Gentner, Drew R.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Sci, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Jathar, Shantanu H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gordon, Timothy D.; Day, Douglas A.; de Gouw, Joost; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gordon, Timothy D.; de Gouw, Joost] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bahreini, Roya] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Day, Douglas A.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [El Haddad, Imad; Pieber, Simone M.; Prevot, Andre S. H.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, Villigen, Switzerland. [Hayes, Patrick L.] Univ Montreal, Dept Chem, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Platt, Stephen M.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Dept Atmosphere & Climate, N-2007 Kjeller, Norway. [Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Goldstein, Allen H.; Harley, Robert A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Robinson, Allen L.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Gentner, DR (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.; Gentner, DR (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Sci, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM drew.gentner@yale.edu RI Robinson, Allen/M-3046-2014; Prevot, Andre/C-6677-2008; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; El Haddad, Imad/B-8073-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Robinson, Allen/0000-0002-1819-083X; Prevot, Andre/0000-0002-9243-8194; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; FU EPA STAR [83587701-0]; NSF [AGS-1360834]; GASOMEP project within the Competence Center Energy and Mobility; Federal Roads Office (FEDRO); Federal Office for Environment (FOEN) FX Thank you to all the researchers whose useful conversations improved this manuscript. We would like to thank the community of researchers and funding agencies that have contributed valuable research and advances in our understanding of gas- and particle-phase organic compound emissions and their subsequent atmospheric oxidation. J.L.J. acknowledges support from EPA STAR 83587701-0 and NSF AGS-1360834. This manuscript has not been reviewed by EPA and no endorsement should be inferred. A.S.H.P. is thankful for the support from the GASOMEP project within the Competence Center Energy and Mobility, as well as the Federal Roads Office (FEDRO) and the Federal Office for Environment (FOEN). NR 189 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 21 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 7 PY 2017 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1074 EP 1093 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b04509 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK2DU UT WOS:000393738700012 PM 28000440 ER PT J AU Smirman, M Taha, D Singh, AK Huang, ZF Elder, KR AF Smirman, Marie Taha, Doaa Singh, Arunima K. Huang, Zhi-Feng Elder, K. R. TI Influence of misorientation on graphene Moire patterns SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; SINGLE-LAYER GRAPHENE; WAVE BASIS-SET; EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE; MONOLAYER GRAPHENE; METAL; RELAXATION; STRAIN; TRANSITIONS AB In this work the influence of film-substrate misorientation on the strain-induced ordering of graphene films on various metallic surfaces is examined using a mesoscopic continuum model and first-principles atomistic calculations. The periodicity and free energy of the Moire patterns that emerge are studied as a function of film-substrate adhesion strength for misfit strains far from and close to an incommensurate-commensurate phase transition. Interestingly the lowest energy states are found to be at small but finite misorientation even though these states have a higher domain wall density than the zero-misorientation states. First-principles density functional theory calculations are used to connect the results with experimental findings in graphene epitaxy. This combination of mesoscopic and atomistic approaches can be applied to the study of a wide range of strained 2D material systems including the III-nitride monolayer systems. C1 [Smirman, Marie; Elder, K. R.] Oakland Univ, Dept Phys, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. [Taha, Doaa; Huang, Zhi-Feng] Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Singh, Arunima K.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Smirman, M (reprint author), Oakland Univ, Dept Phys, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1506634, ACI-1053575]; Wayne State University Thomas C. Rumble fellowship; Professional Research Experience Postdoctoral Fellowship [70NANB11H012]; Texas Advanced Computing Center [TG-DMR150006] FX M.S. and K.R.E. acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-1506634. D.T. acknowledges support from the Wayne State University Thomas C. Rumble fellowship. A.K.S. was supported by the Professional Research Experience Postdoctoral Fellowship under Award No. 70NANB11H012. This research used computational resources provided by the Texas Advanced Computing Center under Contract TG-DMR150006, and the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) which is supported by National Science Foundation Grant No. ACI-1053575. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 7 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 8 AR 085407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.95.085407 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA EJ8UF UT WOS:000393501200007 ER PT J AU Conrad, WH Osman, MM Shanahan, JK Chu, F Takaki, KK Cameron, J Hopkinson-Woolley, D Brosch, R Ramakrishnan, L AF Conrad, William H. Osman, Morwan M. Shanahan, Jonathan K. Chu, Frances Takaki, Kevin K. Cameron, James Hopkinson-Woolley, Digby Brosch, Roland Ramakrishnan, Lalita TI Mycobacterial ESX-1 secretion system mediates host cell lysis through bacterium contact-dependent gross membrane disruptions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium marinum; ESAT-6; ESX-1 secretion system; cell membrane lysis ID TUBERCULOSIS ESAT-6; VIRULENCE FACTORS; PORE-FORMATION; MARINUM INFECTION; CALMETTE-GUERIN; BOVIS BCG; IFN-GAMMA; IN-VIVO; PROTEIN; ATTENUATION AB Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium marinum are thought to exert virulence, in part, through their ability to lyse host cell membranes. The type VII secretion system ESX-1 [6-kDa early secretory antigenic target (ESAT-6) secretion system 1] is required for both virulence and host cell membrane lysis. Both activities are attributed to the pore-forming activity of the ESX-1-secreted substrate ESAT-6 because multiple studies have reported that recombinant ESAT-6 lyses eukaryotic membranes. We too find ESX-1 of M. tuberculosis and M. marinum lyses host cell membranes. However, we find that recombinant ESAT-6 does not lyse cell membranes. The lytic activity previously attributed to ESAT-6 is due to residual detergent in the preparations. We report here that ESX-1-dependent cell membrane lysis is contact dependent and accompanied by gross membrane disruptions rather than discrete pores. ESX-1-mediated lysis is also morphologically distinct from the contact-dependent lysis of other bacterial secretion systems. Our findings suggest redirection of research to understand the mechanism of ESX-1-mediated lysis. C1 [Conrad, William H.; Osman, Morwan M.; Shanahan, Jonathan K.; Takaki, Kevin K.; Ramakrishnan, Lalita] Univ Cambridge, Dept Med, Cambridge CB2 0QH, England. [Osman, Morwan M.] Univ Washington, Mol & Cellular Biol Grad Program, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Shanahan, Jonathan K.] Univ Cambridge, Wellcome Trust PhD Program Infect Immun & Inflamm, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England. [Chu, Frances; Cameron, James; Ramakrishnan, Lalita] Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Hopkinson-Woolley, Digby] Eton Coll, Dept Biol, Windsor SL4 6DW, England. [Brosch, Roland] Inst Pasteur, Unit Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogen, F-75015 Paris, France. [Chu, Frances] InBios Int Inc, Res & Dev, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Cameron, James] NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hopkinson-Woolley, Digby] Univ Oxford, St Hildas Coll, Zool, Oxford OX4 1DY, England. RP Ramakrishnan, L (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Med, Cambridge CB2 0QH, England.; Ramakrishnan, L (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM lr404@cam.ac.uk OI Shanahan, Jonathan/0000-0002-8833-7630; Brosch, Roland /0000-0003-2587-3863 FU Wellcome Trust; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R37AI054503]; National Institute of Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre; National Science Foundation [DGE-1256082]; NIH [T32 AI55396]; Agence National de Recherche [ANR-14-JAMR-001-02, ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID] FX We thank Stanley Falkow for critical review of the manuscript and David Sherman, Richard James, and Mark Troll for advice and discussion. This work was supported in part by a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellowship, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (Grant R37AI054503), and the National Institute of Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (L.R.); National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Grant DGE-1256082 (to M.M.O.); NIH Training Grant Award T32 AI55396 (to F.C.); and Agence National de Recherche Grants ANR-14-JAMR-001-02 and ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID (to R.B.). NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 7 PY 2017 VL 114 IS 6 BP 1371 EP 1376 DI 10.1073/pnas.1620133114 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EJ7SH UT WOS:000393422200050 PM 28119503 ER PT J AU Debnath, M Iungo, GV Ashton, R Brewer, WA Choukulkar, A Delgado, R Lundquist, JK Shaw, WJ Wilczak, JM Wolfe, D AF Debnath, Mithu Iungo, G. Valerio Ashton, Ryan Brewer, W. Alan Choukulkar, Aditya Delgado, Ruben Lundquist, Julie K. Shaw, William J. Wilczak, James M. Wolfe, Daniel TI Vertical profiles of the 3-D wind velocity retrieved from multiple wind lidars performing triple range-height-indicator scans SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID COHERENT DOPPLER LIDAR; LOW-LEVEL JET; TURBINE WAKES; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; SONIC ANEMOMETER; BOUNDARY-LAYER; REGIMES; ERROR AB Vertical profiles of 3-D wind velocity are retrieved from triple range-height-indicator (RHI) scans performed with multiple simultaneous scanning Doppler wind lidars. This test is part of the eXperimental Planetary boundary layer Instrumentation Assessment (XPIA) campaign carried out at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory. The three wind velocity components are retrieved and then compared with the data acquired through various profiling wind lidars and high-frequency wind data obtained from sonic anemometers installed on a 300m meteorological tower. The results show that the magnitude of the horizontal wind velocity and the wind direction obtained from the triple RHI scans are generally retrieved with good accuracy. However, poor accuracy is obtained for the evaluation of the vertical velocity, which is mainly due to its typically smaller magnitude and to the error propagation connected with the data retrieval procedure and accuracy in the experimental setup. C1 [Debnath, Mithu; Iungo, G. Valerio; Ashton, Ryan] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mech Engn, Wind Fluids & Expt WindFluX Lab, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Brewer, W. Alan; Choukulkar, Aditya; Wilczak, James M.] NOAA, Earth Sci Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Delgado, Ruben] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Atmospher Phys Dept, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Lundquist, Julie K.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Lundquist, Julie K.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Shaw, William J.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Wolfe, Daniel] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Iungo, GV (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mech Engn, Wind Fluids & Expt WindFluX Lab, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. EM valerio.iungo@utdallas.edu; julie.lundquist@colorado.edu; james.m.wilczak@noaa.gov OI Shaw, William/0000-0002-9979-1089; Delgado, Ruben/0000-0002-7133-2462 FU Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC FX The authors acknowledge A. J. Clifton for his contribution to the XPIA experiment. This paper was developed based upon funding from the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, Managing and Operating Contractor for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for the US Department of Energy. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PD FEB 6 PY 2017 VL 10 IS 2 BP 431 EP 444 DI 10.5194/amt-10-431-2017 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM1UO UT WOS:000395102800001 ER PT J AU Gaudet, J Hallas, AM Thibault, J Butch, NP Dabkowska, HA Gaulin, BD AF Gaudet, J. Hallas, A. M. Thibault, J. Butch, N. P. Dabkowska, H. A. Gaulin, B. D. TI Experimental evidence for field-induced emergent clock anisotropies in the XY pyrochlore Er2Ti2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; EARTH AB The XY pyrochlore antiferromagnet Er2Ti2O7 exhibits a rare case of Z(6) discrete symmetry breaking in its phi(2) magnetic ground state. Despite being well-studied theoretically, systems with high discrete symmetry breakings are uncommon in nature. Thus, Er2Ti2O7 provides an experimental playground for the study of broken Z(n) symmetry, for n > 2. A recent theoretical work examined the effect of a magnetic field on a pyrochlore lattice with broken Z(6) symmetry and applied it to Er2Ti2O7. This study predicted multiple domain transitions depending on the crystallographic orientation of the magnetic field, inducing rich and controllable magnetothermodynamic behavior. In this work, we present neutron scattering measurements on Er2Ti2O7 with a magnetic field applied along the [001] and [111] directions and provide experimental observation of these exotic domain transitions. In a [001] field, we observe a phi(2) to phi(3) transition at a critical field of 0.18 +/- 0.05 T. We are thus able to extend the concept of the spin-flop transition, which has long been observed in Ising systems, to higher discrete Z(n) symmetries. In a [111] field, we observe a series of domain-based phase transitions for fields of 0.15 +/- 0.03 T and 0.40 +/- 0.03 T. We show that these field-induced transitions are consistent with the emergence of twofold, threefold, and possibly sixfold Zeeman terms. Considering all the possible phi(2) and phi(3) domains, these Zeeman terms can be mapped onto an analog clock-exemplifying a literal clock anisotropy. Lastly, our quantitative analysis of the [001] domain transition in Er2Ti2O7 is consistent with order-by-disorder as the dominant ground state selection mechanism. C1 [Gaudet, J.; Hallas, A. M.; Thibault, J.; Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Butch, N. P.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dabkowska, H. A.; Gaulin, B. D.] Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gaulin, B. D.] Canadian Inst Mat Res, 180 Dundas St West, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. RP Gaudet, J (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. EM gaudej@mcmaster.ca FU National Science Foundation [DMR-094472]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; NSERC's Canada Graduate Scholarships FX We thank M. Zhitomirsky and R. Moessner for very useful discussions and for providing us the theoretical curves of the field dependence of the (220) Bragg peak intensity shown in Figs. 3(d) and 3(f). We also wish to thank Yegor Vekhov for his technical support with the dilution fridge used in the neutron experiment. The neutron scattering data were reduced and analyzed using DAVE software package [33]. The NIST Center for Neutron Research is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-094472. Work at McMaster University was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada. J.G. and A.M.H. gratefully acknowledge support from NSERC's Canada Graduate Scholarships. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 6 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 5 AR 054407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.95.054407 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA EJ8TB UT WOS:000393497900004 ER PT J AU Wu, LJ Wang, J Gao, S Zheng, XR Huang, R AF Wu, Lingjuan Wang, Jia Gao, Song Zheng, Xiangrong Huang, Rui TI An analysis of dynamical factors influencing 2013 giant jellyfish bloom near Qinhuangdao in the Bohai Sea, China SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Giant jellyfish; Bloom; Qinhuangdao; Dynamical factors; Bohai Sea ID WINTER ARCTIC-OSCILLATION; NEMOPILEMA-NOMURAI; MONSOON AB The explosive growth of Nemopilema nomurai occurred near the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao in July 2013. However, it did not take place in 2012. In this paper, the dynamical factors of wind, ocean current and sea temperature on giant jellyfish bloom in 2013 is analyzed by a comprehensive investigation. The numerical experiments are based on a numerical trajectory model of the jellyfish particles, which are released into the waters from Feiyan Shoal to New Yellow River Mouth, where is speculated as the most likely remote source of Qinhuangdao jellyfish bloom. The results show that in surface layer the jellyfish drift is jointly driven by the surface wind and surface current. For example, in northeastern Bohai Bay, the giant jellyfish moved northwestward in surface layer with influence of the westward wind and current anomalies during the second half of May in 2013, then approached the south of Jingtang Port by early June, and accumulated near Qinhuangdao in early July. The 2012 scenario during the same period was quite different. The jellyfish particles influencing waters near Qinhuangdao decreased with depth and there was few (no) particles influencing Qinhuangdao in middle (bottom) layer because the anticyclonic residual circulation weakened with depth in Bohai Bay. Besides, in the potential source waters of jellyfish, sea temperature in 2012 was more suitable for jellyfish bloom than that in 2013 if there was adequate bait. Hence, the specified direction of wind and current pattern in the Bohai Sea in surface layer (especially in the northeastern Bohai Bay during the second half of May) was more important for jellyfish bloom near Qinhuangdao than the sea temperature in the potential source. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Lingjuan; Gao, Song; Huang, Rui] North China Sea Marine Forecasting Ctr State Ocea, Qingdao 266061, Peoples R China. [Wang, Jia] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Zheng, Xiangrong] Hebei Ocean & Fisheries Sci Res Inst, Qinhuangdao 066200, Peoples R China. RP Wu, LJ (reprint author), North China Sea Marine Forecasting Ctr State Ocea, Qingdao 266061, Peoples R China. EM vivioceangk@163.com FU National key research and development project [2016YFC1402103]; National Special Research Fund for Non-Profit Marine Sector [201005018] FX This study was supported by National key research and development project (2016YFC1402103) and the National Special Research Fund for Non-Profit Marine Sector (No. 201005018). The authors thank Shan Zhong for assistance and thank James Kessler of University of Michigan for editing a draft of this paper and for providing useful suggestions to improve the presentation. The authors also greatly appreciate the valuable and insightful comments from the editor and two anonymous reviewers. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD FEB 5 PY 2017 VL 185 BP 141 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2016.12.010 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EK0PJ UT WOS:000393628700013 ER PT J AU Williard, AS Hall, AG Fujisaki, I McNeill, JB AF Williard, Amanda Southwood Hall, April Goodman Fujisaki, Ikuko McNeill, Joanne Braun TI Oceanic overwintering in juvenile green turtles Chelonia mydas from a temperate latitude foraging ground SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article ID LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLE; SW ATLANTIC; GROWTH; NICHE; DIET C1 [Williard, Amanda Southwood] Univ North Carolina Wilmington, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Hall, April Goodman; McNeill, Joanne Braun] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Fujisaki, Ikuko] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. RP Williard, AS (reprint author), Univ North Carolina Wilmington, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM williarda@uncw.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD FEB 3 PY 2017 VL 564 BP 235 EP 240 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EN0DE UT WOS:000395679700005 ER PT J AU Zhdankin, V Werner, GR Uzdensky, DA Begelman, MC AF Zhdankin, Vladimir Werner, Gregory R. Uzdensky, Dmitri A. Begelman, Mitchell C. TI Kinetic Turbulence in Relativistic Plasma: From Thermal Bath to Nonthermal Continuum SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FREE MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; GAMMA-RAY FLARES; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETOROTATIONAL INSTABILITY; INTERSTELLAR TURBULENCE; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; CRAB-NEBULA; SIMULATIONS; SHOCKS AB We present results from particle-in-cell simulations of driven turbulence in magnetized, collisionless, and relativistic pair plasmas. We find that the fluctuations are consistent with the classical k(perpendicular to)(-5/3) magnetic energy spectrum at fluid scales and a steeper k(perpendicular to)(-4). spectrum at sub-Larmor scales, where k(perpendicular to) is the wave vector perpendicular to the mean field. We demonstrate the development of a nonthermal, power-law particle energy distribution f(E)similar to E-a, with an index a that decreases with increasing magnetization and increases with an increasing system size (relative to the characteristic Larmor radius). Our simulations indicate that turbulence can be a viable source of energetic particles in high-energy astrophysical systems, such as pulsar wind nebulae, if scalings asymptotically become insensitive to the system size. C1 [Zhdankin, Vladimir; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhdankin, Vladimir; Begelman, Mitchell C.] NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Werner, Gregory R.; Uzdensky, Dmitri A.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Integrated Plasma Studies, Dept Phys, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Uzdensky, Dmitri A.] Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, 391 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Zhdankin, V (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Zhdankin, V (reprint author), NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM zhdankin@jila.colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation [AST-1411879]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrophysics Theory Program Grant [NNX16AB28G]; Ambrose Monell Foundation; Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (INCITE) program; Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors thank N. Loureiro and J. TenBarge for helpful conversations. The authors also acknowledge support from National Science Foundation Grant No. AST-1411879 and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrophysics Theory Program Grant No. NNX16AB28G. D. A. U. gratefully acknowledges the hospitality of the Institute for Advanced Study and support from the Ambrose Monell Foundation. An award of computer time was provided by the Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (INCITE) program. This research used resources of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, which is a Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility supported under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 3 PY 2017 VL 118 IS 5 AR 055103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.055103 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA EO0VE UT WOS:000396415600008 PM 28211730 ER PT J AU Miranda, LS Branch, GM Collins, AG Hirano, YM Marques, AC Griffiths, CL AF Miranda, Lucilia S. Branch, George M. Collins, Allen G. Hirano, Yayoi M. Marques, Antonio C. Griffiths, Charles L. TI Stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa) of South Africa, with the description of Calvadosia lewisi sp nov. SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Stauromedusae; Amyostaurida; Kishinouyeidae; diversity; taxonomy ID STAUROMEDUSA HALICLYSTUS-AURICULA; POPULATION BIOLOGY; INTERNAL ANATOMY; RDNA DATA; SCYPHOZOA; ANTARCTICUS; PHYLOGENY; CHILE; SEA AB Stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa) are cryptic, benthic animals, known mainly from polar and temperate waters of the Northern Hemisphere. We describe a new species, Calvadosia lewisi, from South Africa and review the staurozoan fauna of the region. Three other species are previously known from South Africa: Calvadosia capensis (Carlgren, 1938); Depastromorpha africana Carlgren, 1935; and Lipkea stephensoni Carlgren, 1933, but all of these are known from very few records and have been poorly illustrated and documented to date. We provide brief descriptions and photographic illustrations for each species and a list of local and global geographical records. Two (L. stephensoni and C. lewisi), but possibly three (D. africana), of the four known South African staurozoan species are endemic from South Africa. The new species, images, and extra distributional records presented here greatly improve knowledge of the staurozoan fauna in South Africa and, consequently, of the Southern Hemisphere. C1 [Miranda, Lucilia S.; Marques, Antonio C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biosci, Dept Zool, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Branch, George M.; Griffiths, Charles L.] Univ Cape Town, Marine Res Inst, Dept Biol Sci, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Hirano, Yayoi M.] Nat Hist Museum & Inst, Coastal Branch, Katsuura, Chiba, Japan. [Marques, Antonio C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Marine Biol, Sao Sebastiao, SP, Brazil. RP Miranda, LS (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biosci, Dept Zool, Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM mirandals@ib.usp.br OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691 FU FAPESP [2010/07362-7, 2015/23695-0, 2010/52324-6, 2011/50242-5, 2013/50484-4]; CNPq [142270/2010-5, 474672/2007-7, 563106/2010-7, 562143/2010-6, 477156/2011-8, 305805/2013-4, 445444/2014-2]; CAPES [16499/12-3]; South African National Research Foundation (NRF); Andrew Mellon Foundation FX We are grateful to the late Lewis Jason of the Two Oceans Aquarium in Cape Town, who originally brought the species named after him here to our attention. Our thanks to Elizabeth Hoenson of the Iziko South African Museum for helping to locate historical samples and station data from the museum collections, and to Debbie Robertson-Anderson who provided material. We are also grateful to photographers Craig Foster, Geoff Spiby, and Georgina Jones for permission to use their underwater images, and to Dr. Claudia Mills for helpful discussions about staurozoan identification. We greatly appreciated the comments and suggestions of Dr. Michael Dawson and Dr. Claudia Mills who helped to improve the quality of this manuscript. This study was supported by: FAPESP 2010/07362-7 (L.S.M), 2015/23695-0 (L.S.M.), 2010/52324-6 (A.C.M.), 2011/50242-5 (A.C.M.), 2013/50484-4 (A.C.M.); CNPq 142270/2010-5 (L.S.M.), 474672/2007-7 (A.C.M.), 563106/2010-7 (A.C.M.), 562143/2010-6 (A.C.M.), 477156/2011-8 (A.C.M.), 305805/2013-4 (A.C.M.), 445444/2014-2 (A.C.M.); CAPES 16499/12-3 (L.S.M); South African National Research Foundation (NRF) (C.L.G. and G.M.B) and the Andrew Mellon Foundation (G.M.B.). NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD FEB 3 PY 2017 VL 4227 IS 3 BP 369 EP 389 DI 10.11646/zootaxa.4227.3.5 PG 21 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EK1DD UT WOS:000393665100005 ER PT J AU Huang, W Veldhorst, M Zimmerman, NM Dzurak, AS Culcer, D AF Huang, Wister Veldhorst, Menno Zimmerman, Neil M. Dzurak, Andrew S. Culcer, Dimitrie TI Electrically driven spin qubit based on valley mixing SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-ELECTRON SPIN; QUANTUM-DOT; SILICON; ROUGHNESS; FIDELITY; STATES; GATE AB The electrical control of single spin qubits based on semiconductor quantum dots is of great interest for scalable quantum computing since electric fields provide an alternative mechanism for qubit control compared with magnetic fields and can also be easier to produce. Here we outline the mechanism for a drastic enhancement in the electrically-driven spin rotation frequency for silicon quantum dot qubits in the presence of a step at a heterointerface. The enhancement is due to the strong coupling between the ground and excited states which occurs when the electron wave function overcomes the potential barrier induced by the interface step. We theoretically calculate single qubit gate times t(pi) of 170 ns for a quantum dot confined at a silicon/silicon-dioxide interface. The engineering of such steps could be used to achieve fast electrical rotation and entanglement of spin qubits despite the weak spin-orbit coupling in silicon. C1 [Huang, Wister; Veldhorst, Menno; Dzurak, Andrew S.] Univ New South Wales, Sch Elect Engn & Telecommun, Ctr Quantum Computat & Commun Technol, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Veldhorst, Menno] Delft Univ Technol, QuTech, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. [Zimmerman, Neil M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Culcer, Dimitrie] Univ New South Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP Huang, W (reprint author), Univ New South Wales, Sch Elect Engn & Telecommun, Ctr Quantum Computat & Commun Technol, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM wister.huang@student.unsw.edu.au; m.veldhorst@tudelft.nl; a.dzurak@unsw.edu.au; d.culcer@unsw.edu.au FU Australian Research Council [CE110001027]; U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-13-1-0024]; NSW Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facilities; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) through a Rubicon Grant FX We thank Andras Palyi, Leonid Golub, and Andrea Morello for enlightening discussions. The authors acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council (Grant No. CE110001027), the U.S. Army Research Office (Grant No. W911NF-13-1-0024), and the NSW Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facilities. M.V. acknowledges support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) through a Rubicon Grant. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 2 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 7 AR 075403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.95.075403 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA EP1MG UT WOS:000397148400005 ER PT J AU McCaffrey, K Quelet, PT Choukulkar, A Wilczak, JM Wolfe, DE Oncley, SP Brewer, WA Debnath, M Ashton, R Iungo, GV Lundquist, JK AF McCaffrey, Katherine Quelet, Paul T. Choukulkar, Aditya Wilczak, James M. Wolfe, Daniel E. Oncley, Steven P. Brewer, W. Alan Debnath, Mithu Ashton, Ryan Iungo, G. Valerio Lundquist, Julie K. TI Identification of tower-wake distortions using sonic anemometer and lidar measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SHADOW AB The eXperimental Planetary boundary layer Instrumentation Assessment (XPIA) field campaign took place in March through May 2015 at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory, utilizing its 300 m meteorological tower, instrumented with two sonic anemometers mounted on opposite sides of the tower at six heights. This allowed for at least one sonic anemometer at each level to be upstream of the tower at all times and for identification of the times when a sonic anemometer is in the wake of the tower frame. Other instrumentation, including profiling and scanning lidars aided in the identification of the tower wake. Here we compare pairs of sonic anemometers at the same heights to identify the range of directions that are affected by the tower for each of the opposing booms. The mean velocity and turbulent kinetic energy are used to quantify the wake impact on these first-and second-order wind measurements, showing up to a 50% reduction in wind speed and an order of magnitude increase in turbulent kinetic energy. Comparisons of wind speeds from profiling and scanning lidars confirmed the extent of the tower wake, with the same reduction in wind speed observed in the tower wake, and a speed-up effect around the wake boundaries. Wind direction differences between pairs of sonic anemometers and between sonic anemometers and lidars can also be significant, as the flow is deflected by the tower structure. Comparisons of lengths of averaging intervals showed a decrease in wind speed deficit with longer averages, but the flow deflection remains constant over longer averages. Furthermore, asymmetry exists in the tower effects due to the geometry and placement of the booms on the triangular tower. An analysis of the percentage of observations in the wake that must be removed from 2 min mean wind speed and 20 min turbulent values showed that removing even small portions of the time interval due to wakes impacts these two quantities. However, a vast majority of intervals have no observations in the tower wake, so removing the full 2 or 20 min intervals does not diminish the XPIA dataset. C1 [McCaffrey, Katherine; Choukulkar, Aditya] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McCaffrey, Katherine; Wilczak, James M.; Wolfe, Daniel E.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Quelet, Paul T.; Lundquist, Julie K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Choukulkar, Aditya; Brewer, W. Alan] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Oncley, Steven P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Debnath, Mithu; Ashton, Ryan; Iungo, G. Valerio] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mech Engn, Dallas, TX USA. [Lundquist, Julie K.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP McCaffrey, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; McCaffrey, K (reprint author), NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM katherine.mccaffrey@noaa.gov FU Atmospheres to Electrons (A2e) program of the US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Wind and Water Power Technologies Office; NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory; Characterizing the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (CABL) program of the National Center for Atmospheric Research; University of Colorado; NRC RAP Postdoctoral Research Fellowship FX Funding for this study was provided by the Atmospheres to Electrons (A2e) program of the US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Wind and Water Power Technologies Office, NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory, and the Characterizing the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (CABL) program of the National Center for Atmospheric Research and the University of Colorado. Funding for Katherine McCaffrey was provided by the NRC RAP Postdoctoral Research Fellowship. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PD FEB 2 PY 2017 VL 10 IS 2 BP 393 EP 407 DI 10.5194/amt-10-393-2017 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM1UD UT WOS:000395101600001 ER PT J AU Kolkowitz, S Bromley, SL Bothwell, T Wall, ML Marti, GE Koller, AP Zhang, X Rey, AM Ye, J AF Kolkowitz, S. Bromley, S. L. Bothwell, T. Wall, M. L. Marti, G. E. Koller, A. P. Zhang, X. Rey, A. M. Ye, J. TI Spin-orbit-coupled fermions in an optical lattice clock SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID EDGE STATES; ATOMS; GASES AB Engineered spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in cold-atom systems can enable the study of new synthetic materials and complex condensed matter phenomena1-8. However, spontaneous emission in alkali-atom spin-orbit-coupled systems is hindered by heating, limiting the observation of many-body effects(1,2,5) and motivating research into potential alternatives(9-11). Here we demonstrate that spin-orbit-coupled fermions can be engineered to occur naturally in a one-dimensional optical lattice clock(12). In contrast to previous SOC experiments(1-11), here the SOC is both generated and probed using a direct ultra-narrow optical clock transition between two electronic orbital states in Sr-87 atoms. We use clock spectroscopy to prepare lattice band populations, internal electronic states and quasi-momenta, and to produce spin-orbit-coupled dynamics. The exceptionally long lifetime of the excited clock state (160 seconds) eliminates decoherence and atom loss from spontaneous emission at all relevant experimental timescales, allowing subsequent momentum-and spin-resolved in situ probing of the SOC band structure and eigenstates. We use these capabilities to study Bloch oscillations, spin-momentum locking and Van Hove singularities in the transition density of states. Our results lay the groundwork for using fermionic optical lattice clocks to probe new phases of matter. C1 [Kolkowitz, S.; Bromley, S. L.; Bothwell, T.; Wall, M. L.; Marti, G. E.; Koller, A. P.; Zhang, X.; Rey, A. M.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kolkowitz, S.; Bromley, S. L.; Bothwell, T.; Wall, M. L.; Marti, G. E.; Koller, A. P.; Zhang, X.; Rey, A. M.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wall, M. L.] Johns Hopkins Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Zhang, X.] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Int Ctr Quantum Mat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Kolkowitz, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Kolkowitz, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM shimonk@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 FU NIST; NSF Physics Frontier Center at JILA [NSF-PFC-1125844]; AFOSR-MURI; AFOSR; DARPA; ARO; NRC FX We are grateful to N. R. Cooper for insights and discussions, and S. L. Campbell, N. Darkwah Oppong, A. Goban, R. B. Hutson, D. X. Reed, J. Robinson, L. Sonderhouse and W. Zhang for technical contributions and discussions. This research is supported by NIST, the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JILA (NSF-PFC-1125844), AFOSR-MURI, AFOSR, DARPA and ARO. S.K., M.L.W. and G.E.M. acknowledge the NRC postdoctoral fellowship programme. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 2 PY 2017 VL 542 IS 7639 BP 66 EP + DI 10.1038/nature20811 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN6MY UT WOS:000396119300032 PM 28002409 ER PT J AU Logan, PD Johnson, GC AF Logan, Paige D. Johnson, Gregory C. TI Zonal evolution of Alaskan Stream structure and transport quantified with Argo data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID BERING-SEA; CIRCULATION; FLOW; TEMPERATURE; SALINITY; EDDIES; OCEAN; GULF AB The Alaskan Stream (AS) flows west-southwestward along the south side of Alaska and the Aleutian Island Arc; a western boundary current at the northern edge of the North Pacific subpolar gyre. The Argo float array has improved sampling of the Gulf of Alaska, allowing quantification of the AS's zonal evolution from 140 degrees W to 175 degrees W. Geostrophic alongshore transport of the AS in the upper 1000 dbar referenced to an assumed level of no motion at 1000 dbar shows little change from east to west. However, alongshore absolute geostrophic transports in the top 2000 dbar (obtained by combining mean absolute 1000-dbar velocities from float displacements with the geostrophic velocity fields) generally increase to the west. We estimate full-depth transports by fitting a barotropic and the first two baroclinic modes calculated from a climatology to the absolute geostrophic velocities in the upper 2000 dbar and applying the velocities from these fits from 2000 dbar to the seafloor. Flowing west from its formation region at 140 degrees W-145 degrees W the full-depth AS becomes stronger, more barotropic, and also narrower once it reaches similar to 160 degrees W, with alongshore transports increasing from -16.4+/-4.9 Sv (1 Sv = 10(6) m(3) s(-1)) at 140 degrees W to -32.6+/-5.2 Sv at 175 degrees W. Mean concentrations of relatively warm, salty, oxygen-poor, and nutrient-rich Pacific Equatorial Water (PEW) in the AS decrease from 17.8% 60.3% to 8.5% 60.5% between 140 degrees W and 175 degrees W. However, the volume transport of PEW by the AS exhibits little change over the PEW density range between these longitudes. C1 [Logan, Paige D.; Johnson, Gregory C.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Logan, Paige D.; Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Ocean Climate Res Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Logan, PD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Coll Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Logan, PD (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Ocean Climate Res Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM pdlogan@uw.edu FU Climate Observation Division, Climate Program Office, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Department of Commerce and NOAA Research FX Argo data were collected and made freely available by the International Argo Program and the national programs that contribute to it (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu, http://argo.jcommops.org). The Argo Program is part of the Global Ocean Observing System. Data used in this study can be downloaded from the URLs given in the text. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. P.D.L. and G.C.J. are supported by the Climate Observation Division, Climate Program Office, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Department of Commerce and NOAA Research. Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Contribution Number 4550. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB PY 2017 VL 122 IS 2 BP 821 EP 833 DI 10.1002/2016JC012302 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EQ4QN UT WOS:000398063100004 ER PT J AU Giglio, D Johnson, GC AF Giglio, Donata Johnson, Gregory C. TI Middepth decadal warming and freshening in the South Atlantic SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL OCEAN; ARGO ARRAY; DEEP-WATER; CIRCULATION; HEAT; INTERMEDIATE; SECTION; TRENDS AB South Atlantic Ocean middepth water property (temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients, etc.) distributions are set by salty, well-ventilated, and relatively nutrient-poor North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) spreading southward toward the Southern Ocean underneath fresher, well-ventilated, and relatively nutrient-poor northward spreading Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW). The layer between the NADW and AAIW is oxygen-poor and nutrient-rich, with small vertical temperature gradients. Salinity stratification dominates the vertical density gradient, hence the layer is referred to as Salinity Stratified Layer (SSL). Decadal warming (0.044 degrees C decade(-1)) and freshening (0.006 g kg(-1) decade(-1)) of this layer are analyzed using Argo data, a climatology, and repeat hydrographic sections. Warming within the SSL accumulates heat at a rate of similar to 20 TW, is unlikely to be caused by vertical heave, and is consistent with anomalous southward advection of order 10(2) km decade(-1) in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Salinity changes within the SSL are consistent with a downward velocity anomaly of order 10 m decade(-1). C1 [Giglio, Donata] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Giglio, Donata] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Giglio, D (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Giglio, D (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dgiglio@ucsd.edu FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA15OAR4320063, 2017-067]; Climate Observation Division, Climate Program Office [100007298]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); US Department of Commerce; NOAA Research FX The Argo data used here were collected and are made freely available by the International Argo Program and by the national programs that contribute to it (http://doi.org/10.17882/42182). Hydrographic data were downloaded from the Clivar & Carbon Hydrographic Data Office (CCHDO) website http://cchdo.ucsd.edu. The WOCE Global Hydrographic Climatology [Gouretski and Koltermann, 2004] can be found at http://icdc.zmaw.de/1/daten/ocean/woceclimatology.html. The objectively mapped Argo data were provided by John Gilson (http://sio-argo.ucsd.edu/RG_Climatology.html). DG was supported through a postdoctoral fellowship by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA15OAR4320063, Contribution 2017-067. GCJ is supported by the Climate Observation Division, Climate Program Office (FundRef: 100007298), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), US Department of Commerce and NOAA Research. PMEL Contribution 4358. We thank David Marshall (U. Oxford) for discussions on this work. Thanks to the anonymous reviewers for providing valuable feedback. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB PY 2017 VL 122 IS 2 BP 973 EP 979 DI 10.1002/2016JC012246 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EQ4QN UT WOS:000398063100012 ER PT J AU McGregor, S Sen Gupta, A Dommenget, D Lee, T McPhaden, MJ Kessler, WS AF McGregor, Shayne Sen Gupta, Alex Dommenget, Dietmar Lee, Tong McPhaden, Michael J. Kessler, William S. TI Factors influencing the skill of synthesized satellite wind products in the tropical Pacific SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL-WARMING HIATUS; OCEANIC ROSSBY WAVES; SEA-LEVEL TRENDS; SURFACE; REANALYSIS; CURRENTS; ENSO; CIRCULATION; PREDICTION; DYNAMICS AB Given the importance of tropical Pacific winds to global climate, it is interesting to examine differences in the mean and trend among various wind products, and their implications for ocean circulation. Past analysis has revealed that despite the assimilation of observational data, there remain large differences among reanalysis products. Thus, here we examine if satellite-based synthesis products may provide more consistent estimate than reanalysis. Reanalysis product winds are, however, typically used as a background constraint in constructing the synthesis products to fill spatiotemporal gaps and to deal with satellite wind direction ambiguity. Our study identified two important factors that influence both the mean and trends from synthesized wind products. First, the choice of background wind product in synthesized satellite wind products affects the mean and long-term trends, which has implications for simulations of ocean circulation, sea level, and presumably SST. Second, we identify a clear need for developing a better understanding of, and correcting differences between in situ observations of absolute winds with the satellite-derived relative winds prior to synthesizing. This correction requires careful analysis of satellite surface winds with existing colocated in situ measurements of surface winds and currents, and will benefit from near-surface current observations of the proposed Tropical Pacific Observing System. These results also illustrate the difficulty in independently evaluating the synthesis wind products because the in situ data have been utilized at numerous steps during their development. Addressing these identified issues effectively, will require enhanced collaborations among the wind observation (both satellite and in situ), reanalysis, and synthesis communities. C1 [McGregor, Shayne; Dommenget, Dietmar] Monash Univ, Sch Earth Atmosphere & Environm, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [McGregor, Shayne; Sen Gupta, Alex; Dommenget, Dietmar] ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Sen Gupta, Alex] Univ New South Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Lee, Tong] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [McPhaden, Michael J.; Kessler, William S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP McGregor, S (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Earth Atmosphere & Environm, Clayton, Vic, Australia.; McGregor, S (reprint author), ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. EM shayne.mcgregor@monash.edu NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB PY 2017 VL 122 IS 2 BP 1072 EP 1089 DI 10.1002/2016JC012340 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EQ4QN UT WOS:000398063100018 ER PT J AU Alappattu, DP Wang, Q Kalogiros, J Guy, N Jorgensen, DP AF Alappattu, Denny P. Wang, Qing Kalogiros, John Guy, Nick Jorgensen, David P. TI Variability of upper ocean thermohaline structure during a MJO event from DYNAMO aircraft observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; BARRIER-LAYER FORMATION; TROPICAL INDIAN-OCEAN; EQUATORIAL WESTERN PACIFIC; MIXED-LAYER; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; HEAT-BALANCE; WATER MASSES; ARABIAN SEA; TOGA-COARE AB This paper reports upper ocean thermohaline structure and variability observed during the life cycle of an intense Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) event occurred in the southern tropical Indian Ocean (148S-Eq, 708E-818E). Water column measurements for this study were collected using airborne expendable probes deployed from NOAA's WP-3D Orion aircraft operated as a part of Dynamics of MJO field experiment conducted during November-December 2011. Purpose of the study is twofold; (1) to provide a statistical analysis of the upper ocean properties observed during different phases of MJO and, (2) to investigate how the upper ocean thermohaline structure evolved in the study region in response to the MJO induced perturbation. During the active phase of MJO, mixed layer depth (MLD) had a characteristic bimodal distribution. Primary and secondary modes were at similar to 34 m and similar to 65 m, respectively. Spatial heterogeneity of the upper ocean response to the MJO forcing was the plausible reason for bimodal distribution. Thermocline and isothermal layer depth deepened, respectively, by 13 and 19 m from the suppressed through the restoring phase of MJO. Thicker (> 30 m) barrier layers were found to occur more frequently in the active phase of MJO, associated with convective rainfalls. Additionally, the water mass analysis indicated that, in the active phase of this MJO event the subsurface was dominated by Indonesian throughflow, nonetheless intrusion of Arabian Sea high saline water was also noted near the equator. C1 [Alappattu, Denny P.; Wang, Qing] Naval Postgrad Sch, Meteorol Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Alappattu, Denny P.] San Jose State Univ, Moss Landing Marine Labs, Monterey, CA USA. [Kalogiros, John] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Environm Res & Sustainable Dev, Athens, Greece. [Guy, Nick] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Jorgensen, David P.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Alappattu, DP (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Meteorol Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA.; Alappattu, DP (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Moss Landing Marine Labs, Monterey, CA USA. EM dpalappa@nps.edu FU ONR [N0001413WX20025]; NSF [AGS1062300]; National Research Council FX This work was supported by ONR award N0001413WX20025 and partly by NSF award AGS1062300. Denny P. Alappattu was sponsored by the National Research Council research associate ship program. AXCTD and AXBT data used for this study are available at http://data.eol.ucar.edu/master_list/? project=DYNAMO. Outgoing longwave radiation data can be downloaded from http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. Research moored array for African-Asian-Australian monsoon analysis and prediction (RAMA) buoy data are available from http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB PY 2017 VL 122 IS 2 BP 1122 EP 1140 DI 10.1002/2016JC012137 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EQ4QN UT WOS:000398063100021 ER PT J AU Park, H LeBrun, TW AF Park, Haesung LeBrun, Thomas W. TI Optical Trap Loading of Dielectric Microparticles In Air SO JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Engineering; Issue 120; optical levitation; optical trapping; dielectric microparticles; piezoelectric transducer; electrostatic modulation ID RADIATION PRESSURE; PARTICLES; TWEEZERS; VACUUM; FORCES AB We demonstrate a method to trap a selected dielectric microparticle in air using radiation pressure from a single-beam gradient optical trap. Randomly scattered dielectric microparticles adhered to a glass substrate are momentarily detached using ultrasonic vibrations generated by a piezoelectric transducer (PZT). Then, the optical beam focused on a selected particle lifts it up to the optical trap while the vibrationally excited microparticles fall back to the substrate. A particle may be trapped at the nominal focus of the trapping beam or at a position above the focus (referred to here as the levitation position) where gravity provides the restoring force. After the measurement, the trapped particle can be placed at a desired position on the substrate in a controlled manner. In this protocol, an experimental procedure for selective optical trap loading in air is outlined. First, the experimental setup is briefly introduced. Second, the design and fabrication of a PZT holder and a sample enclosure are illustrated in detail. The optical trap loading of a selected microparticle is then demonstrated with step-by-step instructions including sample preparation, launching into the trap, and use of electrostatic force to excite particle motion in the trap and measure charge. Finally, we present recorded particle trajectories of Brownian and ballistic motions of a trapped microparticle in air. These trajectories can be used to measure stiffness or to verify optical alignment through time domain and frequency domain analysis. Selective trap loading enables optical tweezers to track a particle and its changes over repeated trap loadings in a reversible manner, thereby enabling studies of particle-surface interaction. C1 [Park, Haesung; LeBrun, Thomas W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP LeBrun, TW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.lebrun@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX All work performed under the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified to foster understanding of this protocol. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1 ALEWIFE CENTER, STE 200, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02140 USA SN 1940-087X J9 JOVE-J VIS EXP JI J. Vis. Exp. PD FEB PY 2017 IS 120 AR e54862 DI 10.3791/54862 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EQ1RQ UT WOS:000397847700017 ER PT J AU Giachero, A Alpert, BK Becker, DT Bennett, DA Biasotti, M Brofferio, C Ceriale, V Ceruti, G Corsini, D Day, PK De Gerone, M Dressler, R Faverzani, M Ferri, E Fowler, JW Fumagalli, E Gallucci, G Gard, JD Gatti, F Hays-Wehle, JP Heinitz, S Hilton, GC Koster, U Lusignoli, M Mates, JAB Nisi, S Nucciotti, A Orlando, A Parodi, L Pessina, G Pizzigoni, G Puiu, A Ragazzi, S Reintsema, CD Gomes, MR Schmidt, DR Schumann, D Siccardi, F Sisti, M Swetz, DS Terranova, F Ullom, JN Vale, LR AF Giachero, A. Alpert, B. K. Becker, D. T. Bennett, D. A. Biasotti, M. Brofferio, C. Ceriale, V. Ceruti, G. Corsini, D. Day, P. K. De Gerone, M. Dressler, R. Faverzani, M. Ferri, E. Fowler, J. W. Fumagalli, E. Gallucci, G. Gard, J. D. Gatti, F. Hays-Wehle, J. P. Heinitz, S. Hilton, G. C. Koster, U. Lusignoli, M. Mates, J. A. B. Nisi, S. Nucciotti, A. Orlando, A. Parodi, L. Pessina, G. Pizzigoni, G. Puiu, A. Ragazzi, S. Reintsema, C. D. Ribeiro Gomes, M. Schmidt, D. R. Schumann, D. Siccardi, F. Sisti, M. Swetz, D. S. Terranova, F. Ullom, J. N. Vale, L. R. TI Measuring the electron neutrino mass with improved sensitivity: the HOLMES experiment SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Cryogenic detectors; Neutrino detectors; Superconductive detectors (bolometers tunnel junctions etc); X-ray detectors ID TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; HO-163; DECAY AB HOLMES is a new experiment aiming at directly measuring the neutrino mass with a sensitivity below 2 eV. HOLMES will perform a calorimetric measurement of the energy released in the decay of Ho-163. The calorimetric measurement eliminates systematic uncertainties arising from the use of external beta sources, as in experiments with spectrometers. This measurement was proposed in 1982 by A. De Rujula and M. Lusignoli, but only recently the detector technological progress has allowed to design a sensitive experiment. HOLMES will deploy a 1000 pixels array of low temperature microcalorimeters with implanted 163Ho nuclei. HOLMES, besides being an important step forward in the direct neutrino mass measurement with a calorimetric approach, will also establish the potential of this approach to extend the sensitivity down to 0.1 eV and lower. The detectors used for the HOLMES experiment will be Mo/Cu bilayers TESs (Transition Edge Sensors) on SiNx membrane with gold absorbers. Microwave multiplexed rf-SQUIDs are the best available technique to read out large array of such detectors. An extensive R&D activity is in progress in order to maximize the multiplexing factor while preserving the performances of the individual detectors. To embed the 163Ho into the gold absorbers a custom mass separator ion implanter is being developed. The current activities are focused on the the single detector performances optimization and on the 163Ho isotope production and embedding. A preliminary measurement of a sub-array of 4 x 16 detectors is planned late in 2017. In this contribution we present the HOLMES project with its technical challenges, its status and perspectives. C1 [Giachero, A.; Brofferio, C.; Ceruti, G.; Faverzani, M.; Ferri, E.; Hays-Wehle, J. P.; Nucciotti, A.; Pessina, G.; Puiu, A.; Ragazzi, S.; Sisti, M.; Terranova, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy. [Alpert, B. K.; Becker, D. T.; Bennett, D. A.; Fowler, J. W.; Gard, J. D.; Hays-Wehle, J. P.; Hilton, G. C.; Mates, J. A. B.; Reintsema, C. D.; Schmidt, D. R.; Swetz, D. S.; Ullom, J. N.; Vale, L. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Nisi, S.; Ragazzi, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso LNGS, I-67010 Laquila, Italy. [Biasotti, M.; Ceriale, V.; Corsini, D.; De Gerone, M.; Fumagalli, E.; Gallucci, G.; Gatti, F.; Orlando, A.; Parodi, L.; Pizzigoni, G.; Siccardi, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Biasotti, M.; Corsini, D.; De Gerone, M.; Gatti, F.; Pizzigoni, G.] Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Brofferio, C.; Faverzani, M.; Nucciotti, A.; Puiu, A.; Ragazzi, S.; Sisti, M.; Terranova, F.] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis, I-20126 Milan, Italy. [Day, P. K.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA. [Dressler, R.; Heinitz, S.; Schumann, D.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Koster, U.] Inst Laue Langevin ILL, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Lusignoli, M.] Sapienza Univ Roma, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Lusignoli, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Ribeiro Gomes, M.] Univ Lisbon, Multidisciplinary Ctr Astrophys, CENTRA, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Giachero, A (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy. EM Andrea.Giachero@.mib.infn.it FU European Research Council [340321]; INFN through the MARE project; NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program for the TES detector development FX This work was supported by the European Research Council (FP7/2007- 2013) under Grant Agreement HOLMES no. 340321. We also acknowledge the support from INFN through the MARE project and from the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program for the TES detector development. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 12 AR C02046 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/12/02/C02046 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA EQ1JK UT WOS:000397825800046 ER PT J AU Hu, ZZ Kumar, A Huang, BH Zhu, JS Ren, HL AF Hu, Zeng-Zhen Kumar, Arun Huang, Bohua Zhu, Jieshun Ren, Hong-Li TI Interdecadal Variations of ENSO around 1999/ 2000 SO JOURNAL OF METEOROLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ENSO; interdecadal variation; amplitude suppression; frequency change; mean state ID OCEAN RECHARGE PARADIGM; WARM WATER VOLUME; EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TROPICAL PACIFIC; WAVELET ANALYSIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COUPLED MODEL; INDIAN-OCEAN; LA-NINA AB This paper discusses the interdecadal changes of the climate in the tropical Pacific with a focus on the corresponding changes in the characteristics of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Compared with 1979-1999, the whole tropical Pacific climate system, including both the ocean and atmosphere, shifted to a lower variability regime after 1999/2000. Meanwhile, the frequency of ENSO became less regular and was closer to a white noise process. The lead time of the equatorial Pacific's subsurface ocean heat content in preceding ENSO decreased remarkably, in addition to a reduction in the maximum correlation between them. The weakening of the correlation and the shortening of the lead time pose more challenges for ENSO prediction, and is the likely reason behind the decrease in skill with respect to ENSO prediction after 2000. Coincident with the changes in tropical Pacific climate variability, the mean states of the atmospheric and oceanic components also experienced physically coherent changes. The warm anomaly of SST in the western Pacific and cold anomaly in the eastern Pacific resulted in an increased zonal SST gradient, linked to an enhancement in surface wind stress and strengthening of the Walker circulation, as well as an increase in the slope of the thermocline. These changes were consistent with an increase (a decrease) in precipitation and an enhancement (a suppression) of the deep convection in the western (eastern) equatorial Pacific. Possible connections between the mean state and ENSO variability and frequency changes in the tropical Pacific are also discussed. C1 [Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Kumar, Arun; Zhu, Jieshun] NOAA, NCEP, NWS, Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Huang, Bohua] George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Huang, Bohua] George Mason Univ, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Ren, Hong-Li] Natl Climate Ctr, China Meteorol Adm, Lab Climate Studies, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Ren, Hong-Li] Natl Climate Ctr, China Meteorol Adm, CMA NJU Joint Lab Climate Predict Studies, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Hu, ZZ (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, NWS, Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM zengzhen.hu@noaa.gov FU China Meteorological Administration Special Public Welfare Research Fund [GYHY201506013] FX Supported by the China Meteorological Administration Special Public Welfare Research Fund (GYHY201506013). NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 2095-6037 EI 2198-0934 J9 J METEOROL RES-PRC JI J. Meteorol. Res. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 31 IS 1 SI SI BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.1007/s13351-017-6074-x PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EP4ZK UT WOS:000397388400008 ER PT J AU Najibi, N Devineni, N Lu, MQ AF Najibi, Nasser Devineni, Naresh Lu, Mengqian TI Hydroclimate drivers and atmospheric teleconnections of long duration floods: An application to large reservoirs in the Missouri River Basin SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Long duration floods; Flood characteristics; Antecedent precipitation; Persistent rainfall; Atmospheric teleconnection ID TROPICAL MOISTURE EXPORTS; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; UNITED-STATES; EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONES; NORTH-AMERICA; SEA-LEVEL; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; FREQUENCY; TEMPERATURE AB A comprehensive framework is developed to assess the flood types, their spatiotemporal characteristics and causes based on the rainfall statistics, antecedent flow conditions, and atmospheric teleconnections. The Missouri River Basin (MRB) is used as a case study for the application of the framework. Floods are defined using the multivariate characteristics of annual peak, volume, duration, and timing. The temporal clustering of flood durations is assessed using a hierarchical clustering analysis, and low-frequency modes are identified using wavelet decomposition. This is followed by an identification of the synoptic scale atmospheric processes and an analysis of storm tracks that entered the basin and their moisture releases. Atmospheric teleconnections are distinctively persistent and well developed for long duration flood events. Long duration floods are triggered by high antecedent flow conditions which are in turn caused by high moisture release from the tracks. For short duration floods, these are insignificant and appear to occur random across the MRB in the recent half-century. The relative importance of hydro climatic drivers (rainfall duration, rainfall intensity and antecedent flow conditions) in explaining the variance in flood duration and volume is discussed using an empirical log-linear regression model. The implication of analyzing the duration and volume of the floods in the context of flood frequency analysis for dams is also presented. The results demonstrate that the existing notion of the flood risk assessment and consequent reservoir operations based on the instantaneous peak flow rate at a stream gage needs to be revisited, especially for those flood events caused by persistent rainfall events, high antecedent flow conditions and synoptic scale atmospheric teleconnections. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Najibi, Nasser; Devineni, Naresh] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Najibi, Nasser; Devineni, Naresh] CUNY City Coll, City Water Ctr, Ctr Water Resources & Environm Res, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Najibi, Nasser; Devineni, Naresh] CUNY, NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Lu, Mengqian] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Najibi, N; Devineni, N (reprint author), 160 Convent Ave,Steinman Hall 106, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM nnajibi@ccny.cuny.edu; ndevineni@ccny.cuny.edu OI Najibi, Nasser/0000-0002-0515-7192 FU National Science Foundation, Paleo Perspective on Climate Change (P2C2) program [1401698]; National Science Foundation, Water Sustainability and Climate (WSC) program [1360446]; Ralph E Powe Junior Faculty Award; PSC-CUNY award [68670-00 46] FX This research is supported by:; National Science Foundation, Paleo Perspective on Climate Change (P2C2) program - award number: 1401698; National Science Foundation, Water Sustainability and Climate (WSC) program - award number: 1360446; Ralph E Powe Junior Faculty Award for the second author. Year 2015-2016; PSC-CUNY award 68670-00 46 NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 100 BP 153 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2016.12.004 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA EL4ZM UT WOS:000394631100012 ER PT J AU Kutuk, ZB Gurgan, S Hickel, R Ilie, N AF Kutuk, Zeynep Bilge Gurgan, Sevil Hickel, Reinhard Ilie, Nicoleta TI Influence of extremely high irradiances on the micromechanical properties of a nano hybrid resin based composite SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-CURING UNITS; POLYMERIZATION SHRINKAGE STRESS; EXPOSURE RECIPROCITY LAW; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; EMITTING-DIODE; RESTORATIVE MATERIALS; DIFFERENT DISTANCES; CONTRACTION STRESS; RADIANT EXPOSURE; IRRADIATION-TIME AB Purpose: To investigate in vitro the effect of extremely high irradiance light-emitting diode (LED) light curing units (LCU) with different exposure distances and curing modes on the micromechanical properties of a nano hybrid resin based composite. Methods: 72 resin based composite (RBC) (Kalore) specimens with 2 mm thickness were cured using two high irradiance LED LCUs (Bluephase 20i and FlashMax P3) at 0 and 7 mm exposure distances. The curing conditions were: a) Bluephase 20i - 10 seconds - High power; b) Bluephase 20i - 15 seconds - High power; c) Bluephase 20i - 5 seconds - Turbo; d) Bluephase 20i - 15 seconds - Soft start; e) FlashMax P3 - 4 mm tip cover - 3 seconds; f) FlashMax P3 - without tip cover - 3 seconds. The incident and transmitted irradiance and radiant exposure were evaluated in real time during curing, with a radiometer (MARC Resin Calibrator). The micromechanical properties (Vickers hardness, HV and indentation modulus, E) were measured with an automatic universal hardness indenter after storing specimens for 24 hours in distilled water. Data were analyzed with one-and two-way ANOVA tests followed by Tukey test and partial eta-square statistics (alpha= 0.05). Results: For both LCUs, incident irradiance decreased progressively with increased exposure distance, reaching at 7 mm exposure distance less than 50% of the value measured when the LCU was applied directly on specimen's surface. In descending order of strength of their effects, the parameters incident irradiance (HV; eta P-2=0.828, E; 0.693), LCU (HV, 0.257, E, 0.043) and exposure distance (HV, 0.031, E, 0.028) were significant factors affecting HV and E (P < 0.05). The localized radiant exposure (the incident and transmitted) as well as the position of HV and E measurements (top-bottom of the specimen) were additional factors affecting significantly only HV (P < 0.05), but not E (P > 0.05). C1 Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein. CMS Dent, Copenhagen, Denmark. Bluelight Analyt Inc, Halifax, NS, Canada. Ocean Opt, Dunedin, FL USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. GC, Tokyo, Japan. Orbis Dent Handels GmbH, Munster, Germany. LECO Instrumente GmbH, Monchengladbach, Germany. Fischer, Sindelfingen, Germany. SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL USA. RP Kutuk, ZB (reprint author), Hacettepe Univ, Dept Restorat Dent, Sch Dent, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. EM dt.zeynepbilge@gmail.com FU CED IADR Visiting Scholar Stipend FX This study was supported by CED IADR Visiting Scholar Stipend and conducted in the Dental School of the Ludwig-Maximilians University Germany and based on Zeynep Bilge Kutuk's PhD thesis. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSHER & LINDER, INC PI WESTON PA 318 INDIAN TRACE SUITE 500, WESTON, FL 33326 USA SN 0894-8275 J9 AM J DENT JI Am. J. Dent. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 30 IS 1 BP 9 EP 15 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA EM5QA UT WOS:000395366100003 ER PT J AU Poitras, D Li, L Jacobson, M Cooksey, C AF Poitras, Daniel Li, Li Jacobson, Michael Cooksey, Catherine TI Manufacturing problem contest SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL INTERFERENCE COATINGS; MULTILAYER COATINGS; CONSTANTS; FILTERS AB For the Manufacturing Problem contest, participants were asked to fabricate on provided blank substrates a challenging filter with specific reflectance and transmittance targets covering a wavelength range from 400 nm to 1100 nm. The problem was selected such that to achieve a performance close to the targets, a submitted filter had to include at least one thin absorbing layer. Nine teams from six countries participated in the contest using different deposition techniques. The teams' designs had a number of layers varying from 36 to 235, and a total thickness from 2.0 mu m to 14.6 mu m. The performances of all submitted filters were measured by two independent laboratories, and the results were presented at the Optical Interference Coating meeting in June 2016. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Poitras, Daniel; Li, Li] Natl Res Council Canada Ottawa, Informat & Commun Technol Portfolio, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Jacobson, Michael] Opt Data Associates, 5237 East Seventh St, Tucson, AZ 85711 USA. [Cooksey, Catherine] NIST, Opt Radiat Grp, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Poitras, D (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada Ottawa, Informat & Commun Technol Portfolio, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. EM daniel.poitras@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca FU Edmund Optics FX We thank Edmund Optics for their continuing support by donating blank substrates to the OIC Manufacturing Problem Contests. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 56 IS 4 BP C1 EP C10 DI 10.1364/AO.56.0000C1 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA EL0JR UT WOS:000394309200001 PM 28158043 ER PT J AU Kay, C Gopalswamy, N Reinard, A Opher, M AF Kay, C. Gopalswamy, N. Reinard, A. Opher, M. TI Predicting the Magnetic Field of Earth-impacting CMEs SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR-WIND; INTERPLANETARY SPACE; ARRIVAL TIMES; FLUX ROPES; CYCLE 24; 1 AU; EVOLUTION; PROPAGATION; CLOUDS AB Predicting the impact of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and the southward component of their magnetic field is one of the key goals of space weather forecasting. We present a new model, the ForeCAT In situ Data Observer (FIDO), for predicting the in situ magnetic field of CMEs. We first simulate a CME using ForeCAT, a model for CME deflection and rotation resulting from the background solar magnetic forces. Using the CME position and orientation from ForeCAT, we then determine the passage of the CME over a simulated spacecraft. We model the CME's magnetic field using a force-free flux rope and we determine the in situ magnetic profile at the synthetic spacecraft. We show that FIDO can reproduce the general behavior of four observed CMEs. FIDO results are very sensitive to the CME's position and orientation, and we show that the uncertainty in a CME's position and orientation from coronagraph images corresponds to a wide range of in situ magnitudes and even polarities. This small range of positions and orientations also includes CMEs that entirely miss the satellite. We show that two derived parameters (the normalized angular distance between the CME nose and satellite position and the angular difference between the CME tilt and the position angle of the satellite with respect to the CME nose) can be used to reliably determine whether an impact or miss occurs. We find that the same criteria separate the impacts and misses for cases representing all four observed CMEs. C1 [Kay, C.; Gopalswamy, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Reinard, A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80505 USA. [Reinard, A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80505 USA. [Opher, M.] Boston Univ, Dept Astron, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Kay, C (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM christina.d.kay@nasa.gov FU NASA [NNH14ZDA001N-LWS]; NASA Heliophysics Guest Investigator program FX C.K.'s research was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at NASA GSFC, administered by the Universities Space Research Association under contract with NASA. The work of N.G. was supported by NASA Heliophysics Guest Investigator program. A.R. was supported by NASA grant NNH14ZDA001N-LWS. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 835 IS 2 AR 117 DI 10.3847/1538-4357/835/2/117 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EL4IV UT WOS:000394585800005 ER PT J AU Seaton, DB Bartz, AE Darnel, JM AF Seaton, Daniel B. Bartz, Allison E. Darnel, Jonathan M. TI Observations of the Formation, Development, and Structure of a Current Sheet in an Eruptive Solar Flare SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetic reconnection; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: flares; Sun: magnetic fields ID SUPRA-ARCADE DOWNFLOWS; CORONAL MASS EJECTION; X-RAY TELESCOPE; FIELD LINE SHRINKAGE; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; QUANTITATIVE EXAMINATION; SWAP OBSERVATIONS; CONDUCTION; MODEL; EUV AB We present Atmospheric Imaging Assembly observations of a structure we interpret as a current sheet associated with an X4.9 flare and coronal mass ejection that occurred on 2014. February. 25 in NOAA Active Region 11990. We characterize the properties of the current sheet, finding that the sheet remains on the order of a few thousand kilometers thick for much of the duration of the event and that its temperature generally ranged between 8 and 10 MK. We also note the presence of other phenomena believed to be associated with magnetic reconnection in current sheets, including supra- arcade downflows and shrinking loops. We estimate that the rate of reconnection during the event was M-A approximate to 0.004- 0.007, a value consistent with model predictions. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of this event for reconnection- based eruption models. C1 [Seaton, Daniel B.; Darnel, Jonathan M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Seaton, Daniel B.; Darnel, Jonathan M.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bartz, Allison E.] Grinnell Coll, Dept Phys, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. RP Seaton, DB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Seaton, DB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM daniel.seaton@noaa.gov OI SEATON, DANIEL/0000-0002-0494-2025 FU University of Colorado's NSF; NSF Award [1157020] FX We thank Kathy. Reeves for assistance with the DEM analysis tools we used in the preparation of this paper. We thank the anonymous referee for a thoughtful reading of our paper and a number of constructive remarks that helped us improve our original draft. We also thank Matthew. West and Elke. D'Huys for thoughtful and productive discussions at the outset of this project. A.B. contributed to this research as a participant in The University of Colorado's NSF-sponsored Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program, funded by NSF Award 1157020, during the summer of 2016. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 835 IS 2 AR 139 DI 10.3847/1538-4357/835/2/139 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EL4IV UT WOS:000394585800027 ER PT J AU Woods, TN Caspi, A Chamberlin, PC Jones, A Kohnert, R Mason, JP Moore, CS Palo, S Rouleau, C Solomon, SC Machol, J Viereck, R AF Woods, Thomas N. Caspi, Amir Chamberlin, Phillip C. Jones, Andrew Kohnert, Richard Mason, James Paul Moore, Christopher S. Palo, Scott Rouleau, Colden Solomon, Stanley C. Machol, Janet Viereck, Rodney TI New Solar Irradiance Measurements from the Miniature X-Ray Solar Spectrometer Cubesat SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE space vehicles: instruments; Sun: abundances; Sun: corona; Sun: flares; Sun: X-rays, gamma rays ID PHOTOMETER SYSTEM XPS; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION MEASURES; FLARES; ABUNDANCES; CHIANTI; RHESSI; CALIBRATIONS; TEMPERATURE; SPACECRAFT AB The goal of the Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer (MinXSS) CubeSat is to explore the energy distribution of soft X-ray (SXR) emissions from the quiescent Sun, active regions, and during solar flares. and to model the impact on Earth's ionosphere and thermosphere. The energy emitted in the SXR range (0.1-10 keV) can vary by more than a factor of 100, yet we have limited spectral measurements in the SXRs to accurately quantify the spectral dependence of this variability. The MinXSS primary science instrument is an Amptek, Inc. X123 X-ray spectrometer that has an energy range of 0.5-30 keV with a nominal 0.15 keV energy resolution. Two flight models have been built. The first, MinXSS-1, has been making science observations since 2016 June 9. and has observed numerous flares, including more than 40 C-class and 7 M-class flares. These SXR spectral measurements have advantages over broadband SXR observations, such as providing the capability to derive multiple-temperature components and elemental abundances of coronal plasma, improved irradiance accuracy, and higher resolution spectral irradiance as input to planetary ionosphere simulations. MinXSS spectra obtained during the M5.0 flare on 2016 July 23 highlight these advantages. and indicate how the elemental abundance appears to change from primarily coronal to more photospheric during the flare. MinXSS-1 observations are compared to the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) X-ray Sensor (XRS) measurements of SXR irradiance and estimated corona temperature. Additionally, a suggested improvement to the calibration of the GOES XRS data is presented. C1 [Woods, Thomas N.; Jones, Andrew; Kohnert, Richard; Mason, James Paul; Moore, Christopher S.; Palo, Scott; Rouleau, Colden] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Caspi, Amir] Southwest Res Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Chamberlin, Phillip C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Solomon, Stanley C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Machol, Janet; Viereck, Rodney] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Woods, TN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI WOODS, THOMAS/0000-0002-2308-6797; Caspi, Amir/0000-0001-8702-8273 FU NSF; NASA [NNX14AN84G] FX We thank the many students and staff at the University of Colorado for the development, testing, and operations of the MinXSS CubeSat. The early student project design classes were supported by NSF. NASA grant NNX14AN84G has supported the flight build, testing, and operations for the MinXSS mission. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 835 IS 2 AR 122 DI 10.3847/1538-4357/835/2/122 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EL4IV UT WOS:000394585800010 ER PT J AU Cullis, P Sterling, C Hall, E Jordan, A Johnson, B Schnell, R AF Cullis, Patrick Sterling, Chance Hall, Emrys Jordan, Allen Johnson, Bryan Schnell, Russell TI POP GOES THE BALLOON! What Happens when a Weather Balloon Reaches 30,000 m asl? SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Cullis, Patrick; Sterling, Chance; Hall, Emrys; Jordan, Allen] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cullis, Patrick; Sterling, Chance; Hall, Emrys; Jordan, Allen; Johnson, Bryan; Schnell, Russell] NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Schnell, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM russell.c.schnell@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 98 IS 2 BP 216 EP 216 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN2GA UT WOS:000395826700003 ER PT J AU Centurioni, L Hornayi, A Cardinali, C Charpentier, E Lumpkin, R AF Centurioni, Luca Hornayi, Andras Cardinali, Carla Charpentier, Etienne Lumpkin, Rick TI A GLOBAL OCEAN OBSERVING SYSTEM FOR MEASURING SEA LEVEL ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE Effects and Impacts on Numerical Weather Prediction SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ADJOINT; ASSIMILATION C1 [Centurioni, Luca] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hornayi, Andras; Cardinali, Carla] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England. [Charpentier, Etienne] World Meteorol Org, Geneva, Switzerland. [Lumpkin, Rick] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Centurioni, L (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM lcenturioni@ucsd.edu FU Data Buoy Cooperation Panel of the World Meteorological Organization; NOAA's Climate Program Office; NOAA [NA10OAR4320156] FX This work was supported by the Data Buoy Cooperation Panel of the World Meteorological Organization, NOAA Grant NA10OAR4320156, and NOAA's Climate Program Office. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 98 IS 2 BP 231 EP 238 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00080.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN2GA UT WOS:000395826700006 ER PT J AU Carman, JC Eleuterio, DP Gallaudet, TC Geernaert, GL Harr, PA Kaye, JA McCarren, DH McLean, CN Sandgathe, SA Toepfer, F Uccellini, LW AF Carman, Jessie C. Eleuterio, Daniel P. Gallaudet, Timothy C. Geernaert, Gerald L. Harr, Patrick A. Kaye, Jack A. McCarren, David H. McLean, Craig N. Sandgathe, Scott A. Toepfer, Frederick Uccellini, Louis W. TI THE NATIONAL EARTH SYSTEM PREDICTION CAPABILITY Coordinating the Giant SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WEATHER C1 [Carman, Jessie C.] NOAA, Off Weather & Air Qual, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Eleuterio, Daniel P.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Gallaudet, Timothy C.] US Navy, Washington, DC USA. [Gallaudet, Timothy C.] Naval Meteorol & Oceanog Command, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Geernaert, Gerald L.] US DOE, Climate & Environm Sci Div, Germantown, MD USA. [Harr, Patrick A.] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Atmospher & Geospace Sci, 4201 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Kaye, Jack A.] NASA, Div Earth Sci, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [McCarren, David H.] Naval Meteorol & Oceanog Command, Silver Spring, MD USA. [McLean, Craig N.] NOAA, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Sandgathe, Scott A.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Toepfer, Frederick] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci Technol Integrat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Uccellini, Louis W.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Sandgathe, SA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM sandgathe@apl.washington.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 98 IS 2 BP 239 EP 252 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0002.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN2GA UT WOS:000395826700007 ER PT J AU Lundquist, JK Wilczak, JM Ashton, R Bianco, L Brewer, WA Choukulkar, A Clifton, A Debnath, M Delgado, R Friedrich, K Gunter, S Hamidi, A Iungo, GV Kaushik, A Kosovic, B Langan, P Lass, A Lavin, E Lee, JCY McCaffrey, KL Newsom, RK Noone, DC Oncley, SP Quelet, PT Sandberg, SP Schroeder, JL Shaw, WJ Sparling, L St Martin, C St Pe, A Strobach, E Tay, K Vanderwrwende, BJ Weickmann, A Wolfe, D Worsnop, R AF Lundquist, Julie K. Wilczak, James M. Ashton, Ryan Bianco, Laura Brewer, W. Alan Choukulkar, Aditya Clifton, Andrew Debnath, Mithu Delgado, Ruben Friedrich, Katja Gunter, Scott Hamidi, Armita Iungo, Giacomo Valerio Kaushik, Aleya Kosovic, Branko Langan, Patrick Lass, Adam Lavin, Evan Lee, Joseph C. -Y. McCaffrey, Katherine L. Newsom, Rob K. Noone, David C. Oncley, Steven P. Quelet, Paul T. Sandberg, Scott P. Schroeder, John L. Shaw, William J. Sparling, Lynn St Martin, Clara St Pe, Alexandra Strobach, Edward Tay, Ken Vanderwrwende, Brian J. Weickmann, Ann Wolfe, Daniel Worsnop, Rochelle TI ASSESSING STATE-OF-THE-ART CAPABILITIES FOR PROBING THE ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER The XPIA Field Campaign SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WIND-TURBINE WAKES; LOW-LEVEL JET; DUAL-DOPPLER LIDAR; SCANNING LIDAR; TOWER SHADOW; TURBULENCE; PROFILER; DYNAMICS; DISSIPATION; ERROR C1 [Lundquist, Julie K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lundquist, Julie K.; Clifton, Andrew] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Wilczak, James M.; Brewer, W. Alan; Choukulkar, Aditya; McCaffrey, Katherine L.; Sandberg, Scott P.; Weickmann, Ann] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Ashton, Ryan; Debnath, Mithu; Hamidi, Armita; Iungo, Giacomo Valerio] Univ Texas Dallas, Dallas, TX USA. [Bianco, Laura; Wolfe, Daniel] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Delgado, Ruben; Langan, Patrick; Lass, Adam; Lavin, Evan; Sparling, Lynn; St Pe, Alexandra; Strobach, Edward] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Friedrich, Katja; Kaushik, Aleya; Lee, Joseph C. -Y.; Quelet, Paul T.; St Martin, Clara; Tay, Ken; Vanderwrwende, Brian J.; Worsnop, Rochelle] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gunter, Scott; Schroeder, John L.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Kosovic, Branko; Oncley, Steven P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Newsom, Rob K.; Shaw, William J.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Noone, David C.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lundquist, JK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Lundquist, JK (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM julie.lundquist@colorado.edu FU UTD institutional funds; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Wind and Water Power Technologies Office; NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory; NSF Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics, CAREER program [AGS-0955841]; National Research Council's Research Associateship Program; U.S. Department of Energy Wind and Water Power Technologies Office FX We express great appreciation to the numerous individuals and organizations that assisted with field deployments, including Bruce Bartram, Duane Hazen, Tom Ayers, Jesse Leach, Paul Johnston, the Lefthand Water District, Erie High School, and the St. Vrain School District. We express appreciation to the NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory/Physical Science Division for supporting the deployment of XPIA instrumentation at the BAO facility and to the National Science Foundation for supporting the CABL deployments (www.eol.ucar.edu/field_projects/cabl). We also acknowledge Drs. Melissa Nigro and Derek Brown at the University of Colorado Boulder for incorporating XPIA/CABL data in their classrooms. We would like to acknowledge the operational, technical, and scientific support provided by NCAR's Earth Observing Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Partial support for the UMBC deployments was provided by the Maryland Energy Administration. Partial support for the UTD lidar and its deployment were provided by UTD institutional funds. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Wind and Water Power Technologies Office, and by NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory. Surface flux measurements were supported by NSF Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics (AGS-0955841) as part of the CAREER program. The NOAA dissipation work was funded by the National Research Council's Research Associateship Program. The TTU measurement and analysis effort was provided through a contract with Sandia National Laboratories with funding from the U.S. Department of Energy Wind and Water Power Technologies Office. NR 93 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 98 IS 2 BP 289 EP 314 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00151.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN2GA UT WOS:000395826700010 ER PT J AU Terti, G Ruin, I Anquetin, S Gourley, JJ AF Terti, Galateia Ruin, Isabelle Anquetin, Sandrine Gourley, Jonathan J. TI A SITUATION-BASED ANALYSIS OF FLASH FLOOD FATALITIES IN THE UNITED STATES SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DEATHS; MORTALITY; LIFE; AUSTRALIA; IMPACTS; TORNADO; TEXAS; US C1 [Terti, Galateia] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Terti, Galateia; Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Terti, Galateia] Univ Grenoble, Grenoble, France. [Ruin, Isabelle; Anquetin, Sandrine] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LTHE, Grenoble, France. [Gourley, Jonathan J.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Gourley, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.; Gourley, JJ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM jj.gourley@noaa.gov FU Labex OSUG [ANR10 LABX56]; Disaster Relief Appropriations Act [113-2, NA14OAR4830100] FX This work has been supported by a grant from Labex OSUG@2020 (Investissements d'Avenir-ANR10 LABX56, France). Additional funding for this research was provided by the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (P.L. 113-2), which provided support to the Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies at the University of Oklahoma under Grant NA14OAR4830100. The authors would like to acknowledge the comments provided by three anonymous reviewers and the editor, which ultimately led to an improved manuscript. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 98 IS 2 BP 333 EP 345 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00276.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN2GA UT WOS:000395826700012 ER PT J AU Martinaitis, TM Gourley, JJ Flamig, ZL Argyle, EM Clark, RA Arthur, A Smith, BR Erlingis, JM Perfater, S Albright, B AF Martinaitis, Teven M. Gourley, Jonathan J. Flamig, Zachary L. Argyle, Elizabeth M. Clark, Robert A., III Arthur, Ami Smith, Brandon R. Erlingis, Jessica M. Perfater, Sarah Albright, Benjamin TI THE HMT MULTI-RADAR MULTI-SENSOR HYDRO EXPERIMENT SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AUTOMATION C1 [Martinaitis, Teven M.; Flamig, Zachary L.; Argyle, Elizabeth M.; Clark, Robert A., III; Arthur, Ami; Smith, Brandon R.; Erlingis, Jessica M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Martinaitis, Teven M.; Arthur, Ami] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.; Flamig, Zachary L.; Argyle, Elizabeth M.; Clark, Robert A., III; Smith, Brandon R.; Erlingis, Jessica M.] Univ Oklahoma, NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.; Flamig, Zachary L.; Clark, Robert A., III; Erlingis, Jessica M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Argyle, Elizabeth M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Smith, Brandon R.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Interdisciplinary Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Perfater, Sarah] IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD USA. [Perfater, Sarah; Albright, Benjamin] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Weather Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Albright, Benjamin] Syst Res Grp Inc, College Pk, MD USA. RP Gourley, JJ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA.; Gourley, JJ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM jj.gourley@noaa.gov FU Disaster Relief Appropriations Act [113-2, NA14OAR4830100]; Hydrometeorological Testbed Program [NA15OAR4590158]; Regional NWS headquarters FX Funding for this research was provided by the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (P.L. 113-2), which provided support to the Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies at the University of Oklahoma under Grant NA14OAR4830100 and the Hydrometeorological Testbed Program under Grant NA15OAR4590158. Regional NWS headquarters also provided funding for some participants. The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their time and feedback on this manuscript. The authors also thank Dr. Stephen Cocks (CIMMS/OU-NSSL) for his thoughts and review of the manuscript. The NWS WDTD provided the use of its conference room, office space, and equipment for the experiment. Tiffany Meyer (CIMMS/OU-NSSL), Darrel Kingfield (CIMMS/OU-NSSL), and Andre Reddington (WDTD) assisted with the use of the AWIPS-II workstations, and Kevin Manross (GSD) provided expertise on the installation and use of Hazard Services. Gabe Garfield (CIMMS/OU-NWS) provided coordination between the experiment and the HWT. The following undergrad students from the OU School of Meteorology called members of the public for flash flood verification as part of the SHAVE project: Mary Beers, Kevin Biehl, Taylor Faires, Rachel Gaal, Paul Goree, Bria Hieatt, Corey Howard, David King, Brittany Newman, Derek Rosseau, and Alexandra Wright. The HMT-Hydro experiment would not have been possible without the involvement and insight from participating NWS forecasters, as well as the collaboration with the scientists and forecasters participating in the FFaIR experiment. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 98 IS 2 BP 347 EP 359 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00283.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN2GA UT WOS:000395826700013 ER PT J AU Gourley, JJ Flamig, ZL Vergara, H Kirstetter, PE Clark, RA Argyle, E Arthur, A Martinaitis, S Terti, G Erlingis, JM Hong, Y Howard, KW AF Gourley, Jonathan J. Flamig, Zachary L. Vergara, Humberto Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel Clark, Robert A., III Argyle, Elizabeth Arthur, Ami Martinaitis, Steven Terti, Galateia Erlingis, Jessica M. Hong, Yang Howard, Kenneth W. TI THE FLASH PROJECT Improving the Tools for Flash Flood Monitoring and Prediction across the United States SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION; MODEL; PARAMETERS; STREAMFLOW; CLIMATE; DEATHS C1 [Gourley, Jonathan J.; Flamig, Zachary L.; Clark, Robert A., III; Argyle, Elizabeth; Erlingis, Jessica M.] Univ Oklahoma, NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.; Flamig, Zachary L.; Clark, Robert A., III; Erlingis, Jessica M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Flamig, Zachary L.; Vergara, Humberto; Clark, Robert A., III; Argyle, Elizabeth; Arthur, Ami; Martinaitis, Steven; Terti, Galateia; Erlingis, Jessica M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Vergara, Humberto; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Arthur, Ami; Martinaitis, Steven; Terti, Galateia; Howard, Kenneth W.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Argyle, Elizabeth] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Terti, Galateia] Univ Grenoble, Grenoble, France. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Gourley, JJ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA.; Gourley, JJ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM jj.gourley@noaa.gov RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013 OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229 FU Disaster Relief Appropriations Act [113-2, NA14OAR4830100] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (P.L. 113-2), which provided support to the Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies at the University of Oklahoma under Grant NA14OAR4830100. The authors are greatly indebted to the leadership, advice, and overall vision provided by Dr. Peter Lamb. He will be missed. The authors acknowledge the constructive comments provided by two anonymous reviewers and Dr. Vincent Fortin of Environment and Climate Change Canada, which led to an improved manuscript. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 98 IS 2 BP 361 EP 372 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00247.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN2GA UT WOS:000395826700014 ER PT J AU Argyle, EM Gourley, JJ Flamig, ZL Hansen, T Manross, K AF Argyle, Elizabeth M. Gourley, Jonathan J. Flamig, Zachary L. Hansen, Tracy Manross, Kevin TI TOWARD A USER-CENTERED DESIGN OF A WEATHER FORECASTING DECISION-SUPPORT TOOL SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID USABILITY; DISPLAYS; COLOR C1 [Argyle, Elizabeth M.; Flamig, Zachary L.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Argyle, Elizabeth M.; Gourley, Jonathan J.; Flamig, Zachary L.] Univ Oklahoma, NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Argyle, Elizabeth M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.; Flamig, Zachary L.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hansen, Tracy; Manross, Kevin] NOAA, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Manross, Kevin] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Gourley, JJ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA.; Gourley, JJ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM jj.gourley@noaa.gov FU Disaster Relief Appropriations Act [113-2, NA14OAR4830100]; Hydrometeorological Testbed Program [NA15OAR4590158] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (P.L. 113-2), which provided support to the Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies at the University of Oklahoma under Grant NA14OAR4830100 and the Hydrometeorological Testbed Program under Grant NA15OAR4590158.. The authors would like to acknowledge and thank Tiffany Meyer, Mike Magsig, Randa L. Shehab, Ziho Kang, Chris Golden, Steven Martinaitis, Race Clark, and Ami Arthur for their support and feedback during the usability evaluation. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 98 IS 2 BP 373 EP 382 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0031.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN2GA UT WOS:000395826700015 ER PT J AU Ling, J Li, CY Li, T Jia, XL Khouider, B Maloney, E Vitart, F Xiao, ZN Zhang, CD AF Ling, Jian Li, Chongyin Li, Tim Jia, Xiaolong Khouider, Boualem Maloney, Eric Vitart, Frederic Xiao, Ziniu Zhang, Chidong TI CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN MJO STUDIES SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ling, Jian; Li, Chongyin; Xiao, Ziniu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Li, Tim] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Li, Tim] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Jia, Xiaolong] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Khouider, Boualem] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Maloney, Eric] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Vitart, Frederic] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England. [Zhang, Chidong] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Zhang, Chidong] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Ling, J (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM lingjian@lasg.iap.ac.cn FU State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modelling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics; Chengdu University of Information Technology; Nanjing University of Information Science Technology; State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography; Major International (Regional) Joint Research Project of National Science Foundation of China [41520104008]; National Nature Science Foundation of China [41575062, 41575090]; National Basic Research Program of China [2015CB453200]; Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences at the Chinese Academy of Sciences [QYZDB-SSW-DQC017] FX This workshop was financially supported by State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modelling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science Technology, State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, the Major International (Regional) Joint Research Project of National Science Foundation of China through Grant 41520104008, the National Nature Science Foundation of China through Grant 41575062 and 41575090, the National Basic Research Program of China through Grant 2015CB453200, and the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences at the Chinese Academy of Sciences through Grant QYZDB-SSW-DQC017. Logistic support provided by the Chinese Meteorological Administration's Institute of Plateau Meteorology is gratefully acknowledged. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 98 IS 2 BP ES53 EP ES56 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0283.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN2GA UT WOS:000395826700002 ER PT J AU Wu, DL Baum, BA Choi, YS Foster, MJ Karlsslsslsson, KG Heidinger, A Poulslsen, C Pavolonis, M Riedi, J Roebeling, R Sherwood, S Thossss, A Watts, P AF Wu, Dong L. Baum, Bryan A. Choi, Yong-Sang Foster, Michael J. Karlsslsslsson, Karl-Goran Heidinger, Andrew Poulslsen, Caroline Pavolonis, Michael Riedi, Jerome Roebeling, Robert Sherwood, Steven Thossss, Anke Watts, Philip TI TOWARD GLOBAL HARMONIZATION OF DERIVED CLOUD PRODUCTS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Wu, Dong L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRL, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Baum, Bryan A.; Foster, Michael J.] Univ Wisconsin, SSEC, Madison, WI USA. [Choi, Yong-Sang] Ewha Womans Univ, DESE, Seoul, South Korea. [Karlsslsslsson, Karl-Goran; Thossss, Anke] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, Norrkoping, Sweden. [Heidinger, Andrew; Pavolonis, Michael] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Madison, WI USA. [Poulslsen, Caroline] Rutherford Appleton Lab, STFC, Harwell, Berks, England. [Riedi, Jerome] Univ Lille, LOA, Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Roebeling, Robert; Watts, Philip] EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany. [Sherwood, Steven] Univ New South Wales, CCRC, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Wu, DL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRL, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM dong.l.wu@nasa.gov RI Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011 OI Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767 FU KMA; EUMETSAT; University of Lille FX The comparison and evaluation of cloud retrievals, done as preparatory work to this workshop, was performed by the Center for Satellite Applications and Research, NOAA/NESDIS, and by Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea, under the Cloud Algorithm Development project funded by KMA. Financial and organizational contributions for this workshop were made by EUMETSAT and the University of Lille NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 98 IS 2 BP ES49 EP ES52 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0234.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN2GA UT WOS:000395826700001 ER PT J AU Isaak, DJ Hoef, JMV Peterson, EE Horan, DL Nagel, DE AF Isaak, Daniel J. Hoef, Jay M. Ver Peterson, Erin E. Horan, Dona L. Nagel, David E. TI Scalable population estimates using spatial-stream-network (SSN) models, fish density surveys, and national geospatial database frameworks for streams SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; MOVING-AVERAGE APPROACH; STATISTICAL-MODELS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; TROUT POPULATIONS; HEADWATER STREAMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RIVERINE FISH; REDD COUNTS; ABUNDANCE AB Population size estimates for stream fishes are important for conservation and management, but sampling costs limit the extent of most estimates to small portions of river networks that encompass 100s-10 000s of linear kilometres. However, the advent of large fish density data sets, spatial-stream-network (SSN) models that benefit from nonindependence among samples, and national geospatial database frameworks for streams provide the components to create a broadly scalable approach to population estimation. We demonstrate such an approach with density surveys for trout species from 108 sites in a 735 km river network. Universal kriging was used to predict a continuous map of densities among survey locations, and block kriging (BK) was used to summarize discrete map areas and make population estimates at stream, river, and network scales. The SSN models also accommodate covariates, which facilitates hypothesis testing and provides insights about factors affecting patterns of abundance. The SSN-BK population estimator can be applied using free software and geospatial resources to develop valuable information at low cost from many existing fisheries data sets. C1 [Isaak, Daniel J.; Horan, Dona L.; Nagel, David E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Hoef, Jay M. Ver] NOAA, Marine Mammal Lab, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Peterson, Erin E.] Queensland Univ Technol, ARC Ctr Excellence Math & Stat Frontiers, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Peterson, Erin E.] Queensland Univ Technol, Inst Future Environm, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Isaak, DJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM disaak@fs.fed.us FU Wyoming Game and Fish Department FX We thank the Wyoming Game and Fish Department for funding field data collection efforts. M. Hyatt and L. Isaak provided assistance with sampling trout populations in tributary streams. K. Gelwicks and D. Zafft provided trout density data from the Salt River main stem. D. Isaak was supported by the US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, during manuscript preparation. Kevin Meyer and three anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved the quality of the final manuscript. NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 74 IS 2 BP 147 EP 156 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2016-0247 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EM6JW UT WOS:000395419700002 ER PT J AU Moriarty, PE Essington, TE Ward, EJ AF Moriarty, Pamela E. Essington, Timothy E. Ward, Eric J. TI A novel method to estimate prey contributions to predator diets SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STOMACH CONTENTS; COUNT DATA; FISH; COMMUNITY; MARINE; MODELS; CONSUMPTION; ECOSYSTEMS; STABILITY; PACIFIC AB Stomach content data are frequently used to characterize predator feeding habits, often by describing the proportional contribution by mass or number of each prey type (diet fractions). These data pose several statistical challenges for analysis and estimation that have hindered our ability to create quantitative diet fraction estimates from stomach content data. To address these challenges, we developed a novel, likelihood-based mixture model to quantitatively estimate diet fractions. Simulation testing indicated that estimated diet fractions from the mixture model were more precise than those estimated either from a (stomach mass) weighted mean or the sample mean and were more accurate than a sample mean. Additionally, we applied the mixture model, a weighted mean, and sample mean to stomach content data for multiple types of predators. For three of four of these data sets, the mixture model demonstrated higher precision than and similar accuracy to a weighted mean and similar precision and better accuracy than a sample mean. The mixture model represents an important step in advancing statistical methods to address the challenges of stomach content data. C1 [Moriarty, Pamela E.; Essington, Timothy E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ward, Eric J.] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Moriarty, PE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM pmoriart@uw.edu FU Department of Defense National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship; National Science Foundation [OCE-1154648AM001] FX P. Moriarty was supported by a Department of Defense National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship, and T. Essington was supported by National Science Foundation grant OCE-1154648AM001. We thank Lewis Barnett, Emma Hodgson, John Horne, Julie Keister, Laura Koehn, Kristin Marshall, Kiva Oken, Margaret Siple, and two anonymous reviewers for manuscript comments. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 74 IS 2 BP 168 EP 177 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2016-0149 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EM6JW UT WOS:000395419700004 ER PT J AU Lauffenburger, N De Robertis, A Kotwicki, S AF Lauffenburger, Nathan De Robertis, Alex Kotwicki, Stan TI Combining bottom trawls and acoustics in a diverse semipelagic environment: What is the contribution of walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) to near-bottom acoustic backscatter in the eastern Bering Sea? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; FISHERIES ACOUSTICS; DEMERSAL FISH; AVAILABILITY; CONTACT; MODEL AB The abundance of walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) in the eastern Bering Sea is estimated in part through fisheries-independent acoustic trawl (AT) surveys, which currently use acoustic backscatter data down to 3 m above the bottom. A large portion of adult pollock are demersal, and these estimates will become more accurate if the survey is extended closer to bottom. The purpose of this project was to assess the feasibility of extending the AT survey closer to the bottom by estimating the contributions of each demersal fish species to observed acoustic backscatter in the highly diverse near-bottom region. This was accomplished by fitting a regression model to simultaneously collected acoustic backscatter and bottom trawl catch data. Pollock were the dominant source of acoustic backscatter among demersal species, accounting for 85.9% +/- 4.8% of acoustic backscatter (mean +/- standard deviation). A method was developed to extend the AT survey to within 0.5 m of the bottom, and when applied to the 1994-2014 surveys, pollock biomass increased by a mean of 28% +/- 9%. C1 [Lauffenburger, Nathan; De Robertis, Alex; Kotwicki, Stan] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lauffenburger, N (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM nathan.lauffenburger@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 74 IS 2 BP 256 EP 264 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0481 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EM6JW UT WOS:000395419700012 ER PT J AU Berejikian, BA Hard, JJ Tatara, CP Van Doornik, DM Swanson, P Larsen, DA AF Berejikian, Barry A. Hard, Jeffrey J. Tatara, Christopher P. Van Doornik, Donald M. Swanson, Penny Larsen, Donald A. TI Rearing strategies alter patterns of size-selective mortality and heritable size variation in steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID METABOLIC-RATE; WILD POPULATIONS; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; ANIMAL-MODEL; BROWN TROUT; HABITAT USE; TRADE-OFFS; HATCHERY; GROWTH AB Steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared under two different regimes: high food ration for 1 year (S-1; typical strategy) or low ration for 2 years (S-2) were subjected to a seawater challenge during the corresponding spring outmigration period. The S-1 smolts were smaller and suffered greater seawater challenge mortality (23.9% compared with 0.7% for the S-2 smolts) that was significantly and negatively related to body size. Heritability of body size was similar for the two treatments during the parr stage (fork length: S-1 = 0.181, S-2 = 0.245; mass: S-1 = 0.372; S-2 = 0.447), but higher for the S-1 treatment during the smolt stage for length (S-1 = 0.212, S-2 = 0.002) and body mass (S-1 = 0.145, S-2 = 0.015). Strong family effects for both traits and significant family by environment interactions for parr mass and smolt length indicated significant phenotypic plasticity. A genetic response to size-selective mortality caused by insufficient growth opportunity in the S-1 treatment is plausible and may affect fitness in the natural environment through effects on correlated traits. C1 [Berejikian, Barry A.; Tatara, Christopher P.] NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7305 Beach Dr East, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. [Hard, Jeffrey J.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Van Doornik, Donald M.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7305 Beach Dr East, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. [Swanson, Penny; Larsen, Donald A.] NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Berejikian, BA (reprint author), NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7305 Beach Dr East, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. EM barry.berejikian@noaa.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration [1993-056-00] FX We thank Jeff Atkins (NOAA), Rob Endicott (NOAA), Mollie Middleton (University of Washington, UW), and Jon Dickey (UW) for their assistance in conducting the experiments. Krista Nichols (NOAA) provided valuable input on the experimental design and analyses. We thank the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Winthrop National Fish Hatchery staff for providing eyed embryos. Funding was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration (Project No. 1993-056-00). NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 74 IS 2 BP 273 EP 283 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2016-0175 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EM6JW UT WOS:000395419700014 ER PT J AU Cao, B Wei, D Zhang, P Gao, H Li, FL AF Cao, Bin Wei, Dong Zhang, Pei Gao, Hong Li, Fuli TI Observing the spin Hall effect of pseudothermal light through weak measurement SO CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GOOS-HANCHEN AB The spin Hall effect of light (SHEL) can be observed by the dark strip resulting from weak measurement. We find that the SHEL of a partially coherent beam (PCB) has a similar phenomenon as well. However, the dark strip in the SHEL of a PCB cannot be explained by considering the beam as an assemblance of coherent speckles. Also, the dark strip in a PCB is not purely dark. By analyzing the autocorrelation, we show that the SHEL of a PCB is the result of overlapping coherent speckles' SHEL. We further prove our conclusion by adjusting convergence and incident angles. Finally, we develop a qualitative theory to clarify the SHEL of a PCB. C1 [Cao, Bin; Wei, Dong; Zhang, Pei; Gao, Hong; Li, Fuli] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Cao, Bin] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gao, H (reprint author), Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. EM honggao@xjtu.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [11204235, 11374238]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [xjj2014097]; Doctoral Fund of the Ministry of Education of China [20120201110035] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11204235 and 11374238), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. xjj2014097), and the Doctoral Fund of the Ministry of Education of China (No. 20120201110035). NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHINESE LASER PRESS PI SHANGHAI PA PO BOX 800-211, SHANGHAI, 201800, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1671-7694 J9 CHIN OPT LETT JI Chin. Opt. Lett. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 15 IS 2 AR 022401 DI 10.3788/COL201715.022401 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA EL1OP UT WOS:000394390000015 ER PT J AU Jaramillo-Legorreta, A Cardenas-Hinojosa, G Nieto-Garcia, E Rojas-Bracho, L Ver Hoef, J Moore, J Tregenza, N Barlow, J Gerrodette, T Thomas, L Taylor, B AF Jaramillo-Legorreta, Armando Cardenas-Hinojosa, Gustavo Nieto-Garcia, Edwyna Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo Ver Hoef, Jay Moore, Jeffrey Tregenza, Nicholas Barlow, Jay Gerrodette, Tim Thomas, Len Taylor, Barbara TI Passive acoustic monitoring of the decline of Mexico's critically endangered vaquita SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE extinction; Phocoena sinus; population decline; statistical modeling ID POPULATION; FISHERIES; CONSERVATION; EXTINCTION; ABUNDANCE; INCREASE; BYCATCH; DOLPHIN; RATES AB The vaquita (Phocoena sinus) is the world's most endangered marine mammal with approximately 245 individuals remaining in 2008. This species of porpoise is endemic to the northern Gulf of California, Mexico, and historically the population has declined because of unsustainable bycatch in gillnets. An illegal gillnet fishery for an endangered fish, the totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi), has recently resurged throughout the vaquita's range. The secretive but lucrative wildlife trade with China for totoaba swim bladders has probably increased vaquita bycatch mortality by an unknown amount. Precise population monitoring by visual surveys is difficult because vaquitas are inherently hard to see and have now become so rare that sighting rates are very low. However, their echolocation clicks can be identified readily on specialized acoustic detectors. Acoustic detections on an array of 46 moored detectors indicated vaquita acoustic activity declined by 80% between 2011 and 2015 in the central part of the species' range. Statistical models estimated an annual rate of decline of 34% (95% Bayesian credible interval -48% to -21%). Based on results from 2011 to 2014, the government of Mexico enacted and is enforcing an emergency 2-year ban on gillnets throughout the species' range to prevent extinction, at a cost of US$74 million to compensate fishers. Developing precise acoustic monitoring methods proved critical to exposing the severity of vaquitas' decline and emphasizes the need for continual monitoring to effectively manage critically endangered species. C1 [Jaramillo-Legorreta, Armando; Cardenas-Hinojosa, Gustavo; Nieto-Garcia, Edwyna; Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo] Inst Nacl Ecol & Cambio Climat SEMARNAT, Coordinac Invest & Conservac Mamiferos Marinos, CICESE Camper 10,Carretera Ensenada Tijuana 3918, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [Cardenas-Hinojosa, Gustavo] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Biol Conservac, Carretera Ensenada Tijuana 3918, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [Ver Hoef, Jay] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Moore, Jeffrey; Barlow, Jay; Gerrodette, Tim; Taylor, Barbara] NOAA Fisheries, Protected Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Thomas, Len] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, Buchanan Gardens, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. RP Jaramillo-Legorreta, A (reprint author), Inst Nacl Ecol & Cambio Climat SEMARNAT, Coordinac Invest & Conservac Mamiferos Marinos, CICESE Camper 10,Carretera Ensenada Tijuana 3918, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. EM ajaramil@cicese.mx OI Thomas, Len/0000-0002-7436-067X FU U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Mexico FX Different institutions and agencies provided funding during the development and implementation of the acoustic monitoring program. We are especially grateful to the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission for their support from the very early stages of the acoustic monitoring, in particular T. Ragen, R. Lent, and P. Thomas. O. Vidal and E. Sanjurjo from World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Mexico supported our program through different grants. B.L.T. provided some personal funding. We thank Le Equipe Cousteau, The Ocean Foundation, Fonds de Dotation pour la Biodiversite, MAAF Assurances (Save Your Logo), WWF-US, and Opel Project Earth. The Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, supported several coauthors' time and the ship time for the 2008 survey to test acoustic equipment. We also thank L. Ballance for marshalling NOAA support and A. Henry for logistical support throughout. We express our sincere thanks to the Mexican Secretaria del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARAT), the Instituto Nacional de Ecologia (INE), Comision Nacional de areas Naturales Protegidas (CONANP), and the Directorate of the Reserva de la Biosfera del Alto Golfo de California y Delta del Rio Colorado. Many thanks to our field staff J. Osuna, P. Valverde, R. Arozamena, and all the fishers who deployed and recovered the equipment. We thank R. Pitman, K. Forney, and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and improvements to the manuscript. Finally, we dedicate this paper to the memory of J. Campoy, former director of the Biosphere Reserve, who championed the conservation of the upper Gulf of California. The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the Department of Commerce. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 31 IS 1 BP 183 EP 191 DI 10.1111/cobi.12789 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL2CQ UT WOS:000394428100019 PM 27338145 ER PT J AU Brakenridge, GR Syvitski, JPM Niebuhr, E Overeem, I Higgins, SA Kettner, AJ Prades, L AF Brakenridge, G. R. Syvitski, J. P. M. Niebuhr, E. Overeem, I. Higgins, S. A. Kettner, A. J. Prades, L. TI Design with nature: Causation and avoidance of catastrophic flooding, Myanmar SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID COASTAL OCEAN; INDIAN-OCEAN; RIVER; DISCHARGE; SEDIMENT; FLOODPLAINS; MONSOON; WORLD; ENSO; OSCILLATION AB Myanmar is among 15 nations that account for 80% of global population exposed to flooding. In 2008, the country suffered exceptional damage and human mortalities (>138,000) from tropical storm Nargis, which followed an unusual but not unprecedented storm track. In 2015, heavy monsoonal rains related to the tropical Madden-Julian Oscillation plus a slow-moving tropical storm (Komen) together caused major flooding, similar to 130 fatalities, and very severe damage and losses. Both events triggered international food, medical, and other assistance, including efforts to design rebuilding with greater resilience to floods. Orbital remote sensing can be employed to characterize such damaging floods and quantify future flood risk; advanced lead-time flood prediction is also increasingly accurate and available. These capabilities must, however, be applied in a context of environmental variables (climate, sea level, dams, and land cover) that are changing the hazard. In addition to the hydrometeorology, distal causes for flood disasters include: high sediment loads carried by Myanmar rivers, locally rapid rates (>50-100 m/y) of channel migration, expansion of population into vulnerable locations, and anthropogenic modifications-to floodplains, watersheds, and the coastal zone. Engineering projects can protect local communities, but flood control structures will fail again unless the environmental changes that increase exposure to flood damage are also mitigated. Earth Science-based methods for long term reduction of societal exposure include floodplain reconnection, levee removal, controlled avulsions, and redirecting new housing and other economic development onto lands with less severe flood risk. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brakenridge, G. R.; Syvitski, J. P. M.; Overeem, I.; Higgins, S. A.; Kettner, A. J.] Univ Colorado, 4001 Discovery Dr Off N142, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Niebuhr, E.] US Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Prades, L.] UN World Food Programme, Rome, Italy. RP Brakenridge, GR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, 4001 Discovery Dr Off N142, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM robert.brakenridge@colorado.edu FU NASA's Applied Sciences Program and Earth Science Technology Office [NNX14AQ44G, NNX15AG85G]; NASA's ROSES/IDS [NNX12AD28G]; Overeem NSF/Belmont Forum grant [G8MUREFU3FP-2201-037] FX Brakenridge and Kettner acknowledge the support of NASA's Applied Sciences Program and Earth Science Technology Office grants NNX14AQ44G and NNX15AG85G, Syvitsiki the support of NASA's ROSES/IDS grant NNX12AD28G, and Overeem NSF/Belmont Forum grant G8MUREFU3FP-2201-037. All authors thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments led to many substantial improvements in the text. NR 109 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 EI 1872-6828 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 165 BP 81 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.12.009 PG 29 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EL1QJ UT WOS:000394395800003 ER PT J AU Liu, LL Zhang, XY Yu, YY Donnelly, A AF Liu, Lingling Zhang, Xiaoyang Yu, Yunyue Donnelly, Alison TI Detecting spatiotemporal changes of peak foliage coloration in deciduous and mixedforests across the Central and Eastern United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE peak coloration; long-term trend; satellite data; flux data; field observation; temperature; Singular Spectrum Analysis ID SINGULAR-SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; ENHANCED VEGETATION INDEX; LAND-SURFACE PHENOLOGY; IMAGE TIME-SERIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPRING PHENOLOGY; GROWING-SEASON; SATELLITE DATA; AUTUMN PHENOLOGY; TIBETAN PLATEAU AB The timing of fall foliage coloration, especially peak coloration, is of great importance to the climate change research community as it has implications for carbon storage in forests. However, its long-term variation and response to climate change are poorly understood. To address this issue, we examined the long-term trends and breakpoints in satellite derived peak coloration onset from 1982 to 2014 using an innovative approach that combines Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) with Breaks for Additive Seasonal and Trend (BFAST). The peak coloration trend was then evaluated using both field foliage coloration observations and flux tower measurements. Finally, interannual changes in peak coloration onset were correlated with temperature and precipitation variation. Results showed that temporal trends in satellite-derived peak coloration onset were comparable with both field observations and flux tower measurements of gross primary productivity. Specifically, a breakpoint in long-term peak coloration onset was detected in 25% of pixels which were mainly distributed at latitudes north of 37 degrees N. The breakpoint tended to occur between 1998 and 2004. Peak coloration onset was delayed before the breakpoint while it was transformed to an early trend after the breakpoint in nearly all pixels. The remaining 75% of pixels exhibited monotonic trends, 35% of which revealed a late trend and 40% an early trend. The results indicate that the onset of peak coloration experienced a late trend during the 1980s and 1990s in most deciduous and mixed forests. However, the trend was reversed during the most recent decade when the timing of peak coloration became earlier. The onset of peak coloration was significantly correlated with late summer and autumn temperature in 55.5% of pixels from 1982 to 2014. This pattern of temperature impacts was also verified using field observations and flux tower measurements. In the remaining 44.5% of pixels, 12.2% of pixels showed significantly positive correlation between the onset of peak coloration and cumulative precipitation during late summer and autumn period from 1982 to 2014. Our findings can improve understanding of the impact of changes in autumn phenology on carbon uptake in forests, which in turn facilitate more reliable measures of carbon dynamics in vegetation-climate interactions models. C1 [Liu, Lingling; Zhang, Xiaoyang] South Dakota State Univ, GSCE, 1021 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Zhang, Xiaoyang] South Dakota State Univ, Dept Geog, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Yu, Yunyue] NOAA NESDIS STAR, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Donnelly, Alison] Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee, Dept Geog, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Liu, LL; Zhang, XY (reprint author), South Dakota State Univ, GSCE, 1021 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.; Zhang, XY (reprint author), South Dakota State Univ, Dept Geog, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM liulingling1002@gmail.com; xiaoyang.zhang@sdstate.edu FU NASA [NNX15AB96A, NNX14AJ32G]; NOAA [JPSS_ PGRR2_14] FX This work was supported by NASA contracts NNX15AB96A and NNX14AJ32G, and NOAA contract JPSS_ PGRR2_14. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 12 IS 2 AR 024013 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/aa5b3a PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM9LL UT WOS:000395633000001 ER PT J AU Ackerman, MW Hand, BK Waples, RK Luikart, G Waples, RS Steele, CA Garner, BA McCane, J Campbell, MR AF Ackerman, Michael W. Hand, Brian K. Waples, Ryan K. Luikart, Gordon Waples, Robin S. Steele, Craig A. Garner, Brittany A. McCane, Jesse Campbell, Matthew R. TI Effective number of breeders from sibship reconstruction: empirical evaluations using hatchery steelhead SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE COLONY; conservation genetics; effective population size; genetic monitoring; Oncorhynchus mykiss; PwoP; sibship assignment; sibship reconstruction ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; WILD ATLANTIC SALMON; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RIVER-BASIN; MARKER DATA; PARENTAGE; INFERENCE AB Effective population size (N-e) is among the most important metrics in evolutionary biology. In natural populations, it is often difficult to collect adequate demographic data to calculate N-e directly. Consequently, genetic methods to estimate N-e have been developed. Two N-e estimators based on sibship reconstruction using multilocus genotype data have been developed in recent years: sibship assignment and parentage analysis without parents. In this study, we evaluated the accuracy of sibship reconstruction using a large empirical dataset from five hatchery steelhead populations with known pedigrees and using 95 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. We challenged the software COLONY with 2,599,961 known relationships and demonstrated that reconstruction of full-sib and unrelated pairs was greater than 95% and 99% accurate, respectively. However, reconstruction of half-sib pairs was poor (<5% accurate). Despite poor half-sib reconstruction, both estimators provided accurate estimates of the effective number of breeders (N-b) when sample sizes were near or greater than the true N-b and when assuming a monogamous mating system. We further demonstrated that both methods provide roughly equivalent estimates of N-b. Our results indicate that sibship reconstruction and current SNP panels provide promise for estimating N-b in steelhead populations in the region. C1 [Ackerman, Michael W.; Steele, Craig A.; McCane, Jesse] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Eagle Fish Genet Lab, Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Eagle, ID USA. [Hand, Brian K.; Luikart, Gordon; Garner, Brittany A.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Div Biol Sci, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Waples, Ryan K.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Campbell, Matthew R.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Eagle Fish Genet Lab, Eagle, ID USA. [Ackerman, Michael W.] Quantitative Consultants Inc, 705 S 8th St, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Waples, RK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Ackerman, MW (reprint author), Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Eagle Fish Genet Lab, Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Eagle, ID USA. EM mackerman@qcinc.org; ryan.waples@gmail.com OI Waples, Ryan/0000-0003-0526-6425 FU Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) [2010-031-00, 2010-026-00]; NASA [NNX14AB84G] FX The authors extend much appreciation to the following individuals and their organizations for exceptional support in the laboratory: Amanda Boone, Dan Eardley, Stephanie Harmon, Kelly Heindel, Nick Hoffman, Travis Jacobson, Dylan Kovis, Amanda Matala, Lori Maxwell, Megan Moore, Vanessa Morman, Laura Redfield, Thea Wickersham. Thanks to Maureen Hess for helping to compile the broodstock pedigree data. Thanks to Grant Bruner with assistance in completing the hundreds of COLONY runs necessary for this study. Thanks to Ninh Vu for help summarizing sibship reconstruction results. And special thanks to Jon Hess and Bruce Barnett for constructive conversations that benefitted this research. MWA, CS, JM, and MRC were supported by funding provided by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) projects 2010-031-00 and 2010-026-00. Special thanks to BPA and their staff for general assistance. BKH, BAG, and GL were supported by NASA grant number NNX14AB84G. This article benefitted from collaborations and conversations among the Knights of Ne, a group formed to help protect the world from excessive drift and inbreeding. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 10 IS 2 BP 146 EP 160 DI 10.1111/eva.12433 PG 15 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA EL4EE UT WOS:000394573700003 PM 28127391 ER PT J AU France, D Tejada, J Matsudaira, P AF France, Danielle Tejada, Jonathan Matsudaira, Paul TI Direct measurement of Vorticella contraction force by micropipette deflection SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE biomimicry; ciliate; molecular spring; motility; stall force; Vorticella ID GLYCERINATED VORTICELLA; CALCIUM-BINDING; CONVALLARIA; SPASMONEME; STALK; EXTENSION; FILAMENTS; PROTEINS; COILING; TENSION AB The ciliated protozoan Vorticella convallaria is noted for its exceptionally fast adenosine triphosphate-independent cellular contraction, but direct measurements of contractile force have proven difficult given the length scale, speed, and forces involved. We used high-speed video microscopy to image live Vorticella stalled in midcontraction by deflection of an attached micropipette. Stall forces correlate with both distance contracted and the resting stalk length. Estimated isometric forces range from 95 to 177 nanonewtons (nN), or 1.12 nNm(-1) of the stalk. Maximum velocity and work are also proportional to distance contracted. These parameters constrain proposed biochemical/physical models of the contractile mechanism. C1 [France, Danielle; Matsudaira, Paul] MIT, Dept Biol Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Tejada, Jonathan] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Tejada, Jonathan] AppDirect, San Francisco, CA USA. [Matsudaira, Paul] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biol Sci, Singapore, Singapore. RP France, D (reprint author), NIST, 325 South Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM danielle.france@nist.gov FU Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies (ICB); University Affiliated Research Center (UARC) FX The authors thank Valeriya Baru for providing substantial and invaluable knowledge of Vorticella biology and culturing techniques, Sangjin Ryu for key discussions and data sharing, and Tim Quinn for assistance with MathCad numerical integration. Funding was provided by the Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies (ICB), an Army-sponsored University Affiliated Research Center (UARC). The funding source had no direct involvement in the study design or reporting. Commercial equipment, instruments, and materials are identified only in order to adequately specify certain procedures. In no case does such an identification imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the products identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-5793 EI 1873-3468 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 591 IS 4 BP 581 EP 589 DI 10.1002/1873-3468.12577 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA EM0UV UT WOS:000395034100002 PM 28130786 ER PT J AU Ott, D Thompson, R Song, JF AF Ott, Daniel Thompson, Robert Song, Junfeng TI Applying 3D measurements and computer matching algorithms to two firearm examination proficiency tests SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Firearms identification; Pattern recognition; Proficiency testing; Congruent matching cells ID IMAGES AB In order for a crime laboratory to assess a firearms examiner's training, skills, experience, and aptitude, it is necessary for the examiner to participate in proficiency testing. As computer algorithms for comparisons of pattern evidence become more prevalent, it is of interest to test algorithm performance as well, using these same proficiency examinations. This article demonstrates the use of the Congruent Matching Cell (CMC) algorithm to compare 3D topography measurements of breech face impressions and firing pin impressions from a previously distributed firearms proficiency test. In addition, the algorithm is used to analyze the distribution of many comparisons from a collection of cartridge cases used to construct another recent set of proficiency tests. These results are provided along with visualizations that help to relate the features used in optical comparisons by examiners to the features used by computer comparison algorithms. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Ott, Daniel; Thompson, Robert; Song, Junfeng] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ott, D (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.ott@nist.gov; robert.m.thompson@nist.gov; jun-feng.song@nist.gov OI Ott, Daniel/0000-0001-5221-8819 FU Forensic Measurement Challenge Program [FMC2012]; Special Programs Office (SPO) of NIST FX The funding for this project is provided by the Forensic Measurement Challenge Program (FMC2012) and the Special Programs Office (SPO) of NIST. The authors are grateful to Richard Hockensmith at Collaborative Testing Services for providing test samples. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 EI 1872-6283 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 271 BP 98 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.12.014 PG 9 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA EM7PY UT WOS:000395505800015 PM 28073053 ER PT J AU Lubchenco, J AF Lubchenco, Jane TI Environmental science in a post-truth world SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lubchenco, Jane] Oregon State Univ, NOAA, US Sci Envoy Ocean State Dept, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lubchenco, J (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, NOAA, US Sci Envoy Ocean State Dept, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 15 IS 1 BP 3 EP 3 DI 10.1002/fee.1454 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL5OV UT WOS:000394671300001 ER PT J AU Howard, J Sutton-Grier, A Herr, D Kleypas, J Landis, E Mcleod, E Pidgeon, E Simpson, S AF Howard, Jennifer Sutton-Grier, Ariana Herr, Dorothee Kleypas, Joan Landis, Emily Mcleod, Elizabeth Pidgeon, Emily Simpson, Stefanie TI Clarifying the role of coastal and marine systems in climate mitigation SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM-CARBONATE DISSOLUTION; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CORAL-REEFS; OCEAN; CALCIFICATION; ADAPTATION; ECOSYSTEMS; HABITATS; SCIENCE AB The international scientific community is increasingly recognizing the role of natural systems in climate-change mitigation. While forests have historically been the primary focus of such efforts, coastal wetlands - particularly seagrasses, tidal marshes, and mangroves - are now considered important and effective long-term carbon sinks. However, some members of the coastal and marine policy and management community have been interested in expanding climate mitigation strategies to include other components within coastal and marine systems, such as coral reefs, phytoplankton, kelp forests, and marine fauna. We analyze the scientific evidence regarding whether these marine ecosystems and ecosystem components are viable long-term carbon sinks and whether they can be managed for climate mitigation. Our findings could assist decision makers and conservation practitioners in identifying which components of coastal and marine ecosystems should be prioritized in current climate mitigation strategies and policies. C1 [Howard, Jennifer; Pidgeon, Emily] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Sutton-Grier, Ariana] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sutton-Grier, Ariana] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Herr, Dorothee] Int Union Conservat Nat, Gland, Switzerland. [Kleypas, Joan] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Landis, Emily] Nature Conservancy, 1815 N Lynn St, Arlington, VA USA. [Mcleod, Elizabeth] Nature Conservancy, Austin, TX USA. [Simpson, Stefanie] Restore Amer Estuaries, Arlington, VA USA. RP Howard, J (reprint author), Conservat Int, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM jhoward@conservation.org FU NOAA at the University of Maryland/ESSIC [NA14NES4320003]; Nature Conservancy; German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) as part of the International Climate Initiative (IKI); IUCN; Prince Albert II de Monaco Foundation as part of their Blue Carbon grant FX We thank P Megonigal and J Fourqurean for helpful discussions and comments. ASG was supported by NOAA grant NA14NES4320003 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - CICS) at the University of Maryland/ESSIC. EM was supported by The Nature Conservancy and the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMUB), as part of the International Climate Initiative (IKI); the BMUB supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag. DH was supported by IUCN and the Prince Albert II de Monaco Foundation as part of their Blue Carbon grant. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 15 IS 1 BP 42 EP 50 DI 10.1002/fee.1451 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL5OV UT WOS:000394671300017 ER PT J AU Love, B Lilley, M Butterfield, D Olson, E Larson, B AF Love, Brooke Lilley, Marvin Butterfield, David Olson, Eric Larson, Benjamin TI Rapid variations in fluid chemistry constrain hydrothermal phase separation at the Main Endeavour Field SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; EAST PACIFIC RISE; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; SYSTEM H2O-NACL; VENT FIELD; HEAT-FLUX; SEGMENT; TEMPERATURES; SERIES AB Previous work at the Main Endeavour Field (MEF) has shown that chloride concentration in high-temperature vent fluids has not exceeded 510 mmol/kg (94% of seawater), which is consistent with brine condensation and loss at depth, followed by upward flow of a vapor phase toward the seafloor. Magmatic and seismic events have been shown to affect fluid temperature and composition and these effects help narrow the possibilities for sub-surface processes. However, chloride-temperature data alone are insufficient to determine details of phase separation in the upflow zone. Here we use variation in chloride and gas content in a set of fluid samples collected over several days from one sulfide chimney structure in the MEF to constrain processes of mixing and phase separation. The combination of gas (primarily magmatic CO2 and seawater-derived Ar) and chloride data, indicate that neither variation in the amount of brine lost, nor mixing of the vapor phase produced at depth with variable quantities of (i) brine or (ii) altered gas rich seawater that has not undergone phase separation, can explain the co-variation of gas and chloride content. The gas-chloride data require additional phase separation of the ascending vapor-like fluid. Mixing and gas partitioning calculations show that near-critical temperature and pressure conditions can produce the fluid compositions observed at Sully vent as a vapor-liquid conjugate pair or as vapor-liquid pair with some remixing, and that the gas partition coefficients implied agree with theoretically predicted values. Plain Language Summary When the chemistry of fluids from deep sea hot springs changes over a short time span, it allows us to narrow down the conditions and processes that created those fluids. This gives us a better idea what is happening under the seafloor where the water is interacting with hot rocks and minerals, boiling, and taking on the character it will have when it emerges at the seafloor. Gasses like argon can be especially helpful here. We found that the fluids we sampled must have been formed by multiple boiling (phase separation) events, and that one of these would have to be close to the critical point of these fluids. C1 [Love, Brooke] Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll Environm, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Lilley, Marvin; Olson, Eric] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Butterfield, David; Larson, Benjamin] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Butterfield, David; Larson, Benjamin] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Love, B (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll Environm, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM Brooke.Love@wwu.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE-9911879, OCE-9904396, OCE-0085615]; W.M. Keck Foundation; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148, NA15OAR4320063] FX Data supporting this work and these conclusions can be found in the tables in the supporting information and in the references. The authors are not aware of any conflicts of interest. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the officers and crew of the R/V Atlantis, the Alvin group, sample analysis by Kevin Roe and thoughtful input from our reviewers. Funding for this work provided through: National Science Foundation Award numbers OCE-9911879, OCE-9904396, and OCE-0085615. This work is also partially funded by the W.M. Keck Foundation gift for Project NEPTUNE and by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148 (2010-2015) and NA15OAR4320063 (2015-2020). This is JISAO contribution 2016-01-32, and PMEL contribution 4530. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 18 IS 2 BP 531 EP 543 DI 10.1002/2016GC006550 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EO5UA UT WOS:000396757200005 ER PT J AU Babbin, AR Peters, BD Mordy, CW Widner, B Casciotti, KL Ward, BB AF Babbin, Andrew R. Peters, Brian D. Mordy, Calvin W. Widner, Brittany Casciotti, Karen L. Ward, Bess B. TI Multiple metabolisms constrain the anaerobic nitrite budget in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-MINIMUM-ZONE; ARABIAN SEA; NITROGEN-CYCLE; NORTH PACIFIC; ORGANIC-MATTER; DEFICIENT ZONE; INORGANIC NITROGEN; AMMONIUM OXIDATION; ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS; WATER-COLUMN AB The Eastern Tropical South Pacific is one of the three major oxygen deficient zones (ODZs) in the global ocean and is responsible for approximately one third of marine water column nitrogen loss. It is the best studied of the ODZs and, like the others, features a broad nitrite maximum across the low oxygen layer. How the microbial processes that produce and consume nitrite in anoxic waters interact to sustain this feature is unknown. Here we used N-15-tracer experiments to disentangle five of the biologically mediated processes that control the nitrite pool, including a high-resolution profile of nitrogen loss rates. Nitrate reduction to nitrite likely depended on organic matter fluxes, but the organic matter did not drive detectable rates of denitrification to N-2. However, multiple lines of evidence show that denitrification is important in shaping the biogeochemistry of this ODZ. Significant rates of anaerobic nitrite oxidation at the ODZ boundaries were also measured. Iodate was a potential oxidant that could support part of this nitrite consumption pathway. We additionally observed N-2 production from labeled cyanate and postulate that anammox bacteria have the ability to harness cyanate as another form of reduced nitrogen rather than relying solely on ammonification of complex organic matter. The balance of the five anaerobic rates measured-anammox, denitrification, nitrate reduction, nitrite oxidation, and dissimilatory nitrite reduction to ammonium-is sufficient to reproduce broadly the observed nitrite and nitrate profiles in a simple one-dimensional model but requires an additional source of reduced nitrogen to the deeper ODZ to avoid ammonium overconsumption. C1 [Babbin, Andrew R.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Babbin, Andrew R.; Ward, Bess B.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Peters, Brian D.; Casciotti, Karen L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Mordy, Calvin W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Mordy, Calvin W.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Widner, Brittany] Old Domin Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Babbin, AR (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.; Babbin, AR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM babbin@mit.edu FU NSF [OCE-1029951, BIO-1402109, OCE- 1233425]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148]; PMEL [4365]; JISAO [2447] FX We thank the captain and crew of the RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer for assistance in sampling. We are grateful to Chief Scientist A. H. Devol for his advice and help onboard and to O. Ulloa and G. Alarcon for granting us access to the PPS and assistance in plumbing the system. We thank X. Peng for measuring the nitrate reduction samples and Q. Ji for measuring the nitrite oxidation samples. We are indebted to D. McRose for the metagenome searches and to B. X. Chang for her insight of iodate as a potential oxidant. This work was funded by NSF grants to B. B. W. (OCE-1029951), A.R.B (BIO-1402109), and C.W.M. (OCE- 1233425). This publication was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148 and PMEL contribution number 4365 and JISAO contribution number 2447. Hydrographic and nutrient data are freely available at the NOAA NODC archive (NCEI Accession 0128141). All additional data may be obtained from A. R. B. (babbin@ mit. edu). NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD FEB PY 2017 VL 31 IS 2 BP 258 EP 271 DI 10.1002/2016GB005407 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN8GI UT WOS:000396238500004 ER PT J AU Fassbender, AJ Sabine, CL Cronin, MF Sutton, AJ AF Fassbender, Andrea J. Sabine, Christopher L. Cronin, Meghan F. Sutton, Adrienne J. TI Mixed-layer carbon cycling at the Kuroshio Extension Observatory SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID NET COMMUNITY PRODUCTION; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; SUBTROPICAL MODE WATER; SURFACE OCEAN PCO(2); SEASONAL-VARIATION; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; GLOBAL OCEAN; SEA-WATER; VARIABILITY AB Seven years of data from the NOAA Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) surface mooring, located in the North Pacific Ocean carbon sink region, were used to evaluate drivers of mixed-layer carbon cycling. A time-dependent mass balance approach relying on two carbon tracers was used to diagnostically evaluate how surface ocean processes influence mixed-layer carbon concentrations over the annual cycle. Results indicate that the annual physical carbon input is predominantly balanced by biological carbon uptake during the intense spring bloom. Net annual gas exchange that adds carbon to the mixed layer and the opposing influence of net precipitation that dilutes carbon concentrations make up smaller contributions to the annual mixed-layer carbon budget. Decomposing the biological term into annual net community production (aNCP) and calcium carbonate production (aCaCO(3)) yields 7 +/- 3 mol Cm-2 yr(-1) aNCP and 0.5 +/- 0.3 mol Cm-2 yr(-1) aCaCO(3), giving an annually integrated particulate inorganic carbon to particulate organic carbon production ratio of 0.07 +/- 0.05, as a lower limit. Although we find that vertical physical processes dominate carbon input to the mixed layer at KEO, it remains unclear how horizontal features, such as eddies, influence carbon production and export by altering nutrient supply as well as the depth of winter ventilation. Further research evaluating linkages between Kuroshio Extension jet instabilities, eddy activity, and nutrient supply mechanisms is needed to adequately characterize the drivers and sensitivities of carbon cycling near KEO. C1 [Fassbender, Andrea J.; Sabine, Christopher L.; Cronin, Meghan F.; Sutton, Adrienne J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Fassbender, Andrea J.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Sutton, Adrienne J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Fassbender, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.; Fassbender, AJ (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM fassbender@mbari.org FU Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute; National Science Foundation; National Ocean Partnership Program; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Observation Division in the Climate Program Office; NOAA Ocean Acidification Program; NSF IGERT Program FX We thank Steven Emerson for sharing unpublished data sets that contributed to this analysis and Paul Quay and Richard Feely for feedback on original versions of the manuscript. Information about all of the data used in this analysis and how they can be accessed online is provided in section 2 of the manuscript. Float data are publicly available thanks to funding from the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, National Science Foundation, and the National Ocean Partnership Program. Use of the mooring data would not have been possible without the efforts and technical expertise of the PMEL Ocean Climate Stations and Carbon Program groups. This paper is funded in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Observation Division in the Climate Program Office and the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program. A. J. F. was also supported by the NSF IGERT Program on Ocean Change. This is PMEL contribution number 4564. NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD FEB PY 2017 VL 31 IS 2 BP 272 EP 288 DI 10.1002/2016GB005547 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN8GI UT WOS:000396238500005 ER PT J AU Carter, BR Feely, RA Mecking, S Cross, JN Macdonald, AM Siedlecki, SA Talley, LD Sabine, CL Millero, FJ Swift, JH Dickson, AG Rodgers, KB AF Carter, B. R. Feely, R. A. Mecking, S. Cross, J. N. Macdonald, A. M. Siedlecki, S. A. Talley, L. D. Sabine, C. L. Millero, F. J. Swift, J. H. Dickson, A. G. Rodgers, K. B. TI Two decades of Pacific anthropogenic carbon storage and ocean acidification along Global Ocean Ship-lebased Hydrographic Investigations Program sections P16 and P02 SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; NORTH PACIFIC; ALKALINITY ESTIMATION; INTERMEDIATE WATER; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; CO2; INTENSIFICATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; CIRCULATION; REGRESSION AB A modified version of the extended multiple linear regression (eMLR) method is used to estimate anthropogenic carbon concentration (C-anth) changes along the Pacific P02 and P16 hydrographic sections over the past two decades. P02 is a zonal section crossing the North Pacific at 30 degrees N, and P16 is a meridional section crossing the North and South Pacific at similar to 150 degrees W. The eMLR modifications allow the uncertainties associated with choices of regression parameters to be both resolved and reduced. Canth is found to have increased throughout the water column from the surface to similar to 1000 m depth along both lines in both decades. Mean column Canth inventory increased consistently during the earlier (1990s-2000s) and recent (2000s-2010s) decades along P02, at rates of 0.53 +/- 0.11 and 0.46 +/- 0.11 mol Cm-2 a(-1), respectively. By contrast, Canth storage accelerated from 0.29 +/- 0.10 to 0.45 +/- 0.11 mol Cm-2 a(-1) along P16. Shifts in water mass distributions are ruled out as a potential cause of this increase, which is instead attributed to recent increases in the ventilation of the South Pacific Subtropical Cell. Decadal changes along P16 are extrapolated across the gyre to estimate a Pacific Basin average storage between 60 degrees S and 60 degrees N of 6.1 +/- 1.5 PgC decade(-1) in the earlier decade and 8.8 +/- 2.2 PgC decade(-1) in the recent decade. This storage estimate is large despite the shallow Pacific Canth penetration due to the large volume of the Pacific Ocean. By 2014, Canth storage had changed Pacific surface seawater pH by -0.08 to -0.14 and aragonite saturation state by -0.57 to -0.82. C1 [Carter, B. R.; Siedlecki, S. A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study, Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Carter, B. R.; Feely, R. A.; Cross, J. N.; Sabine, C. L.] NOAA, Pacifc Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mecking, S.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Macdonald, A. M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Talley, L. D.; Swift, J. H.; Dickson, A. G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA USA. [Millero, F. J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL USA. [Rodgers, K. B.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Carter, BR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study, Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.; Carter, BR (reprint author), NOAA, Pacifc Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM brendan.carter@noaa.gov FU Carbon Data Management and Synthesis NOAA [N8R1SE3-PGC]; NOAA [NA11OAR4310063]; NOAA Office of Climate Observations, NOAA award [NA11OAR4310066]; [NA17RJ2612]; [A08OAR4320752] FX We thank funding agencies and program managers as follows: B.R.C. was supported by the Carbon Data Management and Synthesis NOAA grant (N8R1SE3-PGC) managed by Kathy Tedesco. A.M.M. was supported by NOAA grant NA11OAR4310063. The support of K.B.R. comes through awards NA17RJ2612 and A08OAR4320752, including support through the NOAA Office of Climate Observations, NOAA award NA11OAR4310066. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD FEB PY 2017 VL 31 IS 2 BP 306 EP 327 DI 10.1002/2016GB005485 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN8GI UT WOS:000396238500007 ER PT J AU Davis, R AF Davis, Richard TI Science and Precision Measurement SO IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Davis, Richard] NIST, Int Bur Weights & Measures BIPM, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Davis, R (reprint author), NIST, Int Bur Weights & Measures BIPM, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM rdavis@bipm.org NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1094-6969 EI 1941-0123 J9 IEEE INSTRU MEAS MAG JI IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 20 IS 1 BP 8 EP 10 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA EN8BN UT WOS:000396226000004 ER PT J AU Xu, GB Yu, W Griffith, D Golmie, N Moulema, P AF Xu, Guobin Yu, Wei Griffith, David Golmie, Nada Moulema, Paul TI Toward Integrating Distributed Energy Resources and Storage Devices in Smart Grid SO IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Distributed energy resources; energy storage; performance evaluation; smart grid ID POWER-SYSTEMS; RELIABILITY; CALCULUS AB The smart grid, as one of typical applications supported by Internet of Things, denoted as a re-engineering and a modernization of the traditional power grid, aims to provide reliable, secure, and efficient energy transmission and distribution to consumers. How to effectively integrate distributed (renew-able) energy resources and storage devices to satisfy the energy service requirements of users, while minimizing the power generation and transmission cost, remains a highly pressing challenge in the smart grid. To address this challenge and assess the effectiveness of integrating distributed energy resources and storage devices, in this paper, we develop a theoretical framework to model and analyze three types of power grid systems: 1) the power grid with only bulk energy generators; 2) the power grid with distributed energy resources; and 3) the power grid with both distributed energy resources and storage devices. Based on the metrics of the power cumulative cost and the service reli-ability to users, we formally model and analyze the impact of integrating distributed energy resources and storage devices in the power grid. We also use the concept of network calculus, which has been traditionally used for carrying out traffic engi-neering in computer networks, to derive the bounds of both power supply and user demand to achieve a high service reli-ability to users. Through an extensive performance evaluation, our evaluation results show that integrating distributed energy resources conjointly with energy storage devices can reduce gen-eration costs, smooth the curve of bulk power generation over time, reduce bulk power generation and power distribution losses, and provide a sustainable service reliability to users in the power grid. C1 [Xu, Guobin; Yu, Wei] Frostburg State Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Griffith, David; Golmie, Nada] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Moulema, Paul] Western New England Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Longmeadow, MA 01106 USA. RP Xu, GB (reprint author), Frostburg State Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. EM gxu@frostburg.edu; wyu@towson.edu; david.griffith@nist.gov; nada.golmie@nist.gov; paul-marie.moulemadouala@wne.edu NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2327-4662 J9 IEEE INTERNET THINGS JI IEEE Internet Things J. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 4 IS 1 BP 192 EP 204 DI 10.1109/JIOT.2016.2640563 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA EN1KR UT WOS:000395769400017 ER PT J AU Phillips, PJ Flynn, PJ Bowyer, KW AF Phillips, P. Jonathon Flynn, Patrick J. Bowyer, Kevin W. TI Lessons from collecting a million biometric samples SO IMAGE AND VISION COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Face recognition; Algorithm performance; Human performance; Challenge problem ID FACE-RECOGNITION ALGORITHMS; PERFORMANCE; IDENTIFICATION; VERIFICATION; DATABASE; BODY AB Over the past decade, independent evaluations have become commonplace in many areas of experimental computer science, including face and gesture recognition. A key attribute of many successful independent evaluations is a curated data set. Desired aspects associated with these data sets include appropriateness to the experimental design, a corpus size large enough to allow statistically rigorous characterization of results, and the availability of comprehensive metadata that allow inferences to be made on various data set attributes. In this paper, we review a ten-year biometric sampling effort that enabled the creation of several key biometrics challenge problems. We summarize the design and execution of data collections, identify key challenges, and convey some lessons learned. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Phillips, P. Jonathon] NIST, 100 Bur Dr MS 8490, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Flynn, Patrick J.; Bowyer, Kevin W.] Univ Notre Dame, Comp Sci & Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Phillips, PJ (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr MS 8490, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jonathon@nist.gov; flynn@nd.edu; kwd@cse.nd.edu FU Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); National Science Foundation (NSF); Technical Support Working Group (TSWG); Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI); Intelligence Advanced Research Project Activity (IARPA); Army Research Laboratory (ARL); National Institute of Justice (NIJ); United States Government FX PJF and MB received support from the following sources for 2002-2012 data collection activities: Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA), Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), National Science Foundation (NSF), Technical Support Working Group (TSWG), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Intelligence Advanced Research Project Activity (IARPA), Army Research Laboratory (ARL), National Institute of Justice (NIJ), and the United States Government. PJP received support from the FBI and IARPA. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0262-8856 EI 1872-8138 J9 IMAGE VISION COMPUT JI Image Vis. Comput. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 58 BP 96 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.imavis.2016.08.004 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA EN2MN UT WOS:000395844700010 ER PT J AU Kedzierski, MA Brignoli, R Quine, KT Brown, JS AF Kedzierski, M. A. Brignoli, R. Quine, K. T. Brown, J. S. TI Viscosity, density, and thermal conductivity of aluminum oxide and zinc oxide nanolubricants SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID LA English DT Article DE Colloidal suspension; Density; Lubricant; Thermal conductivity; Viscosity; Water chiller ID NANOFLUIDS; NANOPARTICLES; SIZE AB This paper presents liquid kinematic viscosity, density, and thermal conductivity measurements of eleven different synthetic polyolester-based nanoparticle nanolubricants (dispersions) at atmospheric pressure over the temperature range 288 K to 318 K. Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles with nominal diameters of 127 nm and 135 nm, respectively, were investigated. A good dispersion of the spherical and non-spherical nanoparticles in the lubricant was maintained with a surfactant. Viscosity, density, and thermal conductivity measurements were made for the neat lubricant along with eleven nanolubricants with differing nanoparticle and surfactant mass fractions. Existing models were used to predict kinematic viscosity (+/- 20%), thermal conductivity (+/- 1%), and specific volume (+/- 6%) of the nanolubricant as a function of temperature, nanoparticle mass fraction, surfactant mass fraction, and nanoparticle diameter. The liquid viscosity, density and thermal conductivity were shown to increase with respect to increasing nanoparticle mass fraction. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kedzierski, M. A.; Brignoli, R.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 861, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Quine, K. T.; Brown, J. S.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Mech Engn, 620 Michigan Ave,NE, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Kedzierski, MA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 861, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Mark.Kedzierski@NIST.gov FU NIST; CUA FX This work was funded jointly by NIST and CUA. Thanks go to the following NIST personnel for their constructive criticism of the manuscript: P. Domanski, A. Persily, and A. Pertzborn. In addition, comments from M. Carr of the United States Naval Academy were also greatly appreciated. The author extends appreciation to Mr. W. Guthrie and Mr. A. Heckert of the NIST Statistical Engineering Division for their consultations on the uncertainty analysis. The nanolubricants were manufactured especially for NIST by Nanophase Technologies. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7007 EI 1879-2081 J9 INT J REFRIG JI Int. J. Refrig.-Rev. Int. Froid PD FEB PY 2017 VL 74 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.10.003 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA EL1RP UT WOS:000394399000002 ER PT J AU Simons, DS Fassett, JD AF Simons, David S. Fassett, John D. TI Measurement of uranium-236 in particles by secondary ion mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article AB The determination of the relative isotopic abundance by secondary ion mass spectrometry of U-236 in uranium-containing material is complicated by the presence of (UH+)-U-235-H-1 ions at the same nominal mass as the uranium isotopic peak. The net intensity of the U-236 signal is usually determined by a peak-stripping procedure, whereby the (UH+)-U-235-H-1 contribution is obtained by applying the (UH+)-U-238-H-1/U-238(+) ratio to the U-235(+) signal. The subtraction of one signal from another has consequences for the uncertainty of the final U-236 abundance determination that may be especially significant when the amount of sample is limited, as is the case with small uranium particles that are of great interest for nuclear safeguards. We have developed a model based on Poisson counting statistics to determine the effects of various parameters on the uncertainty of the U-236 abundance, including uranium enrichment level, hydride-toparent ratio, uranium mass consumed during analysis, single versus multichannel counting, and sample substrate composition. The model predictions have been successfully tested against experimental measurements of uranium oxide particles of both 3% and 90% enrichment in U-235. C1 [Simons, David S.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fassett, John D.] Dakota Consulting Inc, 1110 Bonifant St, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Simons, DS (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.simons@nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 EI 1364-5544 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 32 IS 2 BP 393 EP 401 DI 10.1039/c6ja00402d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA EM7ZB UT WOS:000395529800016 ER PT J AU Maahn, M Lohnert, U AF Maahn, Maximilian Loehnert, Ulrich TI Potential of Higher-Order Moments and Slopes of the Radar Doppler Spectrum for Retrieving Microphysical and Kinematic Properties of Arctic Ice Clouds SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; AGGREGATE SNOWFLAKES; WATER-CONTENT; PHASE CLOUDS; LIQUID WATER; PARTICLE; SNOW; BACKSCATTER; RAIN; SIZE AB Retrievals of ice-cloud properties from cloud-radar observations are challenging because the retrieval methods are typically underdetermined. Here, the authors investigate whether additional information can be obtained from higher-order moments and the slopes of the radar Doppler spectrum such as skewness and kurtosis as well as the slopes of the Doppler peak. To estimate quantitatively the additional information content, a generalized Bayesian retrieval framework that is based on optimal estimation is developed. Real and synthetic cloud-radar observations of the Indirect and Semi-Direct Aerosol Campaign (ISDAC) dataset obtained around Barrow, Alaska, are used in this study. The state vector consists of the microphysical (particle-size distribution, mass-size relation, and cross section-area relation) and kinematic (vertical wind and turbulence) quantities required to forward model the moments and slopes of the radar Doppler spectrum. It is found that, for a single radar frequency, more information can be retrieved when including higher-order moments and slopes than when using only reflectivity and mean Doppler velocity but two radar frequencies. When using all moments and slopes with two or even three frequencies, the uncertainties of all state variables, including the mass-size relation, can be considerably reduced with respect to the prior knowledge. C1 [Maahn, Maximilian; Loehnert, Ulrich] Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. [Maahn, Maximilian] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Maahn, Maximilian] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 20230 USA. RP Maahn, M (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.; Maahn, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Maahn, M (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 20230 USA. EM maximilian.maahn@colorado.edu OI Maahn, Maximilian/0000-0002-2580-9100 FU German Research Association (DFG) [LO901/5-1]; Energy Transition and Climate Change (ET-CC) under DFG [ZUK 81]; Graduate School of Geosciences of the University of Cologne [GSGS-2015B-F03]; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Climate and Environmental Sciences Division FX The authors thank Robert C. Jackson, Stefan Kneifel, Pavlos Kollias, Edward P. Luke, and Greg M. McFarquhar for providing data and fruitful discussions. This study was carried out within the project ADMIRARI II supported by the German Research Association (DFG) under research Grant LO901/5-1 and was also supported by Energy Transition and Climate Change (ET-CC) under DFG Grant ZUK 81. Author M. Maahn was also supported by Grant GSGS-2015B-F03 of the Graduate School of Geosciences of the University of Cologne. Data were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Climate and Environmental Sciences Division. Computing time was gratefully allocated by the Cologne High Efficiency Operating Platform for Sciences (CHEOPS) at the University of Cologne. We thank the editor and the three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 56 IS 2 BP 263 EP 282 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-16-0020.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EL3DT UT WOS:000394500500002 ER PT J AU Johnston, PE Jordan, JR White, AB Carter, DA Costa, DM Ayers, TE AF Johnston, Paul E. Jordan, James R. White, Allen B. Carter, David A. Costa, David M. Ayers, Thomas E. TI The NOAA FM-CW Snow-Level Radar SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UHF AB A vertically pointing radar for monitoring radar brightband height (BBH) has been developed. This new radar utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave (FM-CW) techniques to provide high-resolution data at a fraction of the cost of comparable pulsed radars. This S-band radar provides details of the vertical structure of precipitating clouds, with full Doppler information. Details of the radar design are presented along with observations from one storm. Results from a calibration using these storm data show the radar meets the design goals. Eleven of these radars have been deployed and provide BBH data in near-real time. C1 [Johnston, Paul E.; Jordan, James R.; Carter, David A.; Costa, David M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Johnston, Paul E.; Jordan, James R.; White, Allen B.; Carter, David A.; Costa, David M.; Ayers, Thomas E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Johnston, PE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Johnston, PE (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. EM paul.e.johnston@noaa.gov FU California Department of Water Resources [4600008108]; [4600010291] FX The authors thank the entire Physical Sciences Division engineering team for its support in constructing, installing, operating, and maintaining the snow-level radars. The work to develop, construct, and deploy the snow-level radars was supported by a contract with the California Department of Water Resources (Contract 4600008108), with a follow-on contract to support operations and maintenance (Contract 4600010291). We are thankful for the three reviewers, who helped us discover an error and whose comments helped improve the manuscript. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 34 IS 2 BP 249 EP 267 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-16-0063.1 PG 19 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EL3GM UT WOS:000394507600001 ER PT J AU Zhang, SX Pu, ZX Posselt, DJ Atlas, R AF Zhang, Shixuan Pu, Zhaoxia Posselt, Derek J. Atlas, Robert TI Impact of CYGNSS Ocean Surface Wind Speeds on Numerical Simulations of a Hurricane in Observing System Simulation Experiments SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCATTEROMETER; SSM/I AB The NASA Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) was launched in late 2016. It will make available frequent ocean surface wind speed observations throughout the life cycle of tropical storms and hurricanes. In this study, the impact of CYGNSS ocean surface winds on numerical simulations of a hurricane case is assessed with a research version of the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model and a Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation analysis system in a regional observing system simulation experiment framework. Two different methods for reducing the CYGNSS data volume were tested: one in which the winds were thinned and one in which the winds were superobbed. The results suggest that assimilation of the CYGNSS winds has great potential to improve hurricane track and intensity simulations through improved representations of the surface wind fields, hurricane inner-core structures, and surface fluxes. The assimilation of the superobbed CYGNSS data seems to be more effective in improving hurricane track forecasts than thinning the data. C1 [Zhang, Shixuan; Pu, Zhaoxia] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Posselt, Derek J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Atlas, Robert] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Posselt, Derek J.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Pu, ZX (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. EM zhaoxia.pu@utah.edu FU NASA Weather Program [NNX13AQ38G] FX We appreciate the useful communication with the CYGNSS science team. This study was supported by the NASA Weather Program (Award NNX13AQ38G), managed by Dr. Remesh Kakar. Computer resources from the University of Utah's Center for High Performance Computing and NASA's High-End Computing Program are greatly appreciated. The comments from two anonymous reviewers were very helpful and improved an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 34 IS 2 BP 375 EP 383 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-16-0144.1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EL3GM UT WOS:000394507600009 ER PT J AU Collins, CO Blomquist, B Persson, O Lund, B Rogers, WE Thomson, J Wang, D Smith, M Doble, M Wadhams, P Kohout, A Fairall, C Graber, HC AF Collins, C. O., III Blomquist, B. Persson, O. Lund, B. Rogers, W. E. Thomson, J. Wang, D. Smith, M. Doble, M. Wadhams, P. Kohout, A. Fairall, C. Graber, H. C. TI Doppler Correction of Wave Frequency Spectra Measured by Underway Vessels SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARGINAL ICE-ZONE; X-BAND RADAR; ATTENUATION AB "Sea State and Boundary Layer Physics of the Emerging Arctic Ocean'' is an ongoing Departmental Research Initiative sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (http://www.apl.washington.edu/project/project.php?id=arctic_sea_state). The field component took place in the fall of 2015 within the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas and involved the deployment of a number of wave instruments, including a downward-looking Riegl laser rangefinder mounted on the foremast of the R/V Sikuliaq. Although time series measurements on a stationary vessel are thought to be accurate, an underway vessel introduces a Doppler shift to the observed wave spectrum. This Doppler shift is a function of the wavenumber vector and the velocity vector of the vessel. Of all the possible relative angles between wave direction and vessel heading, there are two main scenarios: 1) vessel steaming into waves and 2) vessel steaming with waves. Previous studies have considered only a subset of cases, and all were in scenario 1. This was likely to avoid ambiguities, which arise when the vessel is steaming with waves. This study addresses the ambiguities and analyzes arbitrary cases. In addition, a practical method is provided that is useful in situations when the vessel is changing speed or heading. These methods improved the laser rangefinder estimates of spectral shapes and peak parameters when compared to nearby buoys and a spectral wave model. C1 [Collins, C. O., III; Rogers, W. E.; Wang, D.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Blomquist, B.; Persson, O.; Fairall, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Lund, B.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Ocean Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Thomson, J.; Smith, M.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Doble, M.; Graber, H. C.] Polar Sci Ltd, Appin, Argyll, Scotland. [Wadhams, P.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge, England. [Kohout, A.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Collins, CO (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM tripp.collins@nrlssc.navy.mil FU ASEE; Karles fellowship at the Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research [322, N000141310290, N0001413IP20046, N000141612018, N000141310288, N0001413WX20825, N000141310284, N000141310289] FX This work was funded by a postdoctoral fellowship through ASEE and a Karles fellowship at the Naval Research Laboratory. We greatly appreciate the efforts by all involved in collecting the sea state dataset. We especially appreciate the tireless efforts of the crew of the R/V Sikuliaq for a successful measurement campaign in a sometimes difficult environment. ASEE was supported by the Office of Naval Research, Code 322, "Arctic and Global Prediction," directed by Drs. Martin Jeffries and Scott Harper (grant numbers and principal investigators are Doble, N000141310290; Blomquist, Persson, and Fairall, N0001413IP20046 and N000141612018; Graber, N000141310288; Rogers, N0001413WX20825; Thomson, N000141310284; Wadhams, N000141310289). NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 34 IS 2 BP 429 EP 436 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-16-0138.1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EL3GM UT WOS:000394507600013 ER PT J AU Hewaarachchi, AP Li, YB Lund, R Rennie, J AF Hewaarachchi, Anuradha P. Li, Yingbo Lund, Robert Rennie, Jared TI Homogenization of Daily Temperature Data SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURES; DAILY PRECIPITATION DATA; TIME-SERIES; CHANGEPOINT DETECTION; UNDOCUMENTED CHANGEPOINTS; GENETIC ALGORITHMS; SHIFTS; INHOMOGENEITIES; SEGMENTATION; REGRESSION AB This paper develops a method for homogenizing daily temperature series. While daily temperatures are statistically more complex than annual or monthly temperatures, techniques and computational methods have been accumulating that can now model and analyze all salient statistical characteristics of daily temperature series. The goal here is to combine these techniques in an efficient manner for multiple changepoint identification in daily series; computational speed is critical as a century of daily data has over 36 500 data points. The method developed here takes into account 1) metadata, 2) reference series, 3) seasonal cycles, and 4) autocorrelation. Autocorrelation is especially important: ignoring it can degrade changepoint techniques, and sample autocorrelations of day-to-day temperature anomalies are often as large as 0.7. While daily homogenization is not conducted as commonly as monthly or annual homogenization, daily analyses provide greater detection precision as they are roughly 30 times as long as monthly records. For example, it is relatively easy to detect two changepoints less than two years apart with daily data, but virtually impossible to flag these in corresponding annually averaged data. The developed methods are shown to work in simulation studies and applied in the analysis of 46 years of daily temperatures from South Haven, Michigan. C1 [Hewaarachchi, Anuradha P.] Univ Kelaniya, Dept Stat & Comp Sci, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. [Li, Yingbo; Lund, Robert] Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Li, Yingbo] Southern Methodist Univ, Dept Stat Sci, Dallas, TX USA. [Rennie, Jared] North Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites North Carolina, Raleigh, NC USA. [Rennie, Jared] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA. RP Lund, R (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM lund@clemson.edu FU NSF Grant [DMS 1407480]; NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina [NA14NES432003] FX The authors thank Matthew Menne and Claude Williams Jr. for helpful discussions. The climate application was posed at SAMSI's 2014 climate homogeneity summit in Boulder, Colorado. Robert Lund and Anuradha P. Hewaarachchi thank NSF Grant DMS 1407480 for partial support. The work of Jared Rennie was supported by NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement NA14NES432003. Yingbo Li and Anuradha P. Hewaarachchi started this work while at Clemson University. The authors thank the editor and three referees for constructive comments and discussion. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 30 IS 3 BP 985 EP 999 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0139.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM7SJ UT WOS:000395512300010 ER PT J AU Chiodi, AM Harrison, DE AF Chiodi, Andrew M. Harrison, D. E. TI Simulating ENSO SSTAs from TAO/TRITON Winds: The Impacts of 20 Years of Buoy Observations in the Pacific Waveguide and Comparison with Reanalysis Products SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; 1997-98 EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TROPICAL PACIFIC; HEAT-FLUX; OCEAN; STRESS; MODEL; CIRCULATION; MECHANISMS AB The fundamental importance of near-equatorial zonal wind stress in the evolution of the tropical Pacific Ocean's seasonal cycle and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events is well known. It has been two decades since the TAO/TRITON buoy array was deployed, in part to provide accurate surface wind observations across the Pacific waveguide. It is timely to revisit the impact of TAO/TRITON winds on our ability to simulate and thereby understand the evolution of sea surface temperature (SST) in this region. This work shows that forced ocean model simulations of SST anomalies (SSTAs) during the periods with a reasonably high buoy data return rate can reproduce the major elements of SSTA variability during ENSO events using a wind stress field computed from TAO/TRITON observations only. This demonstrates that the buoy array usefully fulfills its waveguide-wind-measurement purpose. Comparison of several reanalysis wind fields commonly used in recent ENSO studies with the TAO/TRITON observations reveals substantial biases in the reanalyses that cause substantial errors in the variability and trends of the reanalysis-forced SST simulations. In particular, the negative trend in ERA-Interim is much larger and the NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis-1 and NCEP-DOE Reanalysis-2 variability much less than seen in the TAO/TRITON wind observations. There are also mean biases. Thus, even with the TAO/TRITON observations available for assimilation into these wind products, there remain oceanically important differences. The reanalyses would be much more useful for ENSO and tropical Pacific climate change study if they would more effectively assimilate the TAO/TRITON observations. C1 [Chiodi, Andrew M.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Ocean & Atmosphere, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Chiodi, AM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Ocean & Atmosphere, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM andy.chiodi@noaa.gov FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Cooperative Agreement [NA10OAR4320148]; Climate Observations Division of the NOAA Climate Program Office [100007298]; NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory FX The authors thank the three anonymous reviewers for their time and helpful comments, as well as P. Poli for helpful conversation. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148 and by support from the Climate Observations Division of the NOAA Climate Program Office (FundRef number 100007298) as well as from NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 30 IS 3 BP 1041 EP 1059 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0865.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM7SJ UT WOS:000395512300013 ER PT J AU Chen, LC Van den Dool, H Becker, E Zhang, Q AF Chen, Li-Chuan Van den Dool, Huug Becker, Emily Zhang, Qin TI ENSO Precipitation and Temperature Forecasts in the North American Multimodel Ensemble: Composite Analysis and Validation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; SEASONAL PREDICTABILITY; SUMMER RAINFALL; CLIMATE; PREDICTION; IMPACTS; SYSTEM; PATTERNS; MODEL AB In this study, precipitation and temperature forecasts during E1 Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events are examined in six models in the North American Multimodel Ensemble (NMME), including the CFSv2, CanCM3, CanCM4, the Forecast-Oriented LowOcean Resolution (FLOR) version of GFDL CM2.5, GEOS-5, and CCSM4 models, by comparing the model-based ENSO composites to the observed. The composite analysis is conducted using the 1982-2010 hindcasts for each of the six models with selected ENSO episodes based on the seasonal oceanic Nino index just prior to the date the forecasts were initiated. Two types of composites are constructed over the North American continent: one based on mean precipitation and temperature anomalies and the other based on their probability of occurrence in a tercile-based system. The composites apply to monthly mean conditions in November, December, January, February, and March as well as to the 5-month aggregates representing the winter conditions. For anomaly composites, the anomaly correlation coefficient and root-mean-square error against the observed composites are used for the evaluation. For probability composites, a new probability anomaly correlation measure and a root-mean probability score are developed for the assessment. All NMME models predict ENSO precipitation patterns well during wintertime; however, some models have large discrepancies between the model temperature composites and the observed. The fidelity is greater for the multimodel ensemble as well as for the 5-month aggregates. February tends to have higher scores than other winter months. For anomaly composites, most models perform slightly better in predicting El Nino patterns than La Nina patterns. For probability composites, all models have superior performance in predicting ENSO precipitation patterns than temperature patterns. C1 [Chen, Li-Chuan] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chen, Li-Chuan; Van den Dool, Huug; Becker, Emily; Zhang, Qin] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Becker, Emily] Innovim LLC, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Chen, LC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Chen, LC (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM lichuan.chen@noaa.gov FU North American Multimodel Ensemble (NMME) project; DOE; NSF; NASA, under NOAA [NA14OAR4310188]; [Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS)] at the University of Maryland/ESSIC [NA14NES4320003] FX This research was supported by the North American Multimodel Ensemble (NMME) project, a multiagency and multi-institutional research effort led by NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) Climate Test Bed (CTB) and Climate Program Office (CPO) Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP) program in partnership with DOE, NSF, and NASA, under NOAA Grant NA14OAR4310188 to Huug van den Dool and Grant NA14NES4320003 [Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS)] at the University of Maryland/ESSIC. We greatly appreciate the editor and three anonymous reviewers for their thorough comments and suggestions to help improve the manuscript. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 30 IS 3 BP 1103 EP 1125 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0903.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM7SJ UT WOS:000395512300016 ER PT J AU Lin, P Paynter, D Ming, Y Ramaswamy, V AF Lin, Pu Paynter, David Ming, Yi Ramaswamy, V. TI Changes of the Tropical Tropopause Layer under Global Warming SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; CLIMATE FEEDBACKS; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; OZONE; CLOUD; PARAMETERIZATION AB This paper investigates changes in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) in response to carbon dioxide increase and surface warming separately in an atmospheric general circulation model, finding that both effects lead to a warmer tropical tropopause. Surface warming also results in an upward shift of the tropopause. A detailed heat budget analysis is performed to quantify the contributions from different radiative and dynamic processes to changes in the TTL temperature. When carbon dioxide increases with fixed surface temperature, a warmer TTL mainly results from the direct radiative effect of carbon dioxide increase. With surface warming, the largest contribution to the TTL warming comes from the radiative effect of the warmer troposphere, which is partly canceled by the radiative effect of the moistening at the TTL. Strengthening of the stratospheric circulation following surface warming cools the lower stratosphere dynamically and radiatively via changes in ozone. These two effects are of comparable magnitudes. This circulation change is the main cause of temperature changes near 63 hPa but is weak near 100 hPa. Contributions from changes in convection and clouds are also quantified. These results illustrate the heat budget analysis as a useful tool to disentangle the radiative-dynamical-chemical-convective coupling at the TTL and to facilitate an understanding of intermodel difference. C1 [Lin, Pu] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Paynter, David; Ming, Yi; Ramaswamy, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Lin, P (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM pu.lin@noaa.gov FU Pu Lin under Award from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA14OAR4320106]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX This report was prepared by Pu Lin under Award NA14OAR4320106 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1245 EP 1258 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0457.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM7WG UT WOS:000395522400005 ER PT J AU He, J Winton, M Vecchi, G Jia, LW Rugenstein, M AF He, Jie Winton, Michael Vecchi, Gabriel Jia, Liwei Rugenstein, Maria TI Transient Climate Sensitivity Depends on Base Climate Ocean Circulation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; ANTARCTIC BOTTOM WATER; CORE-II SIMULATIONS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; HEAT UPTAKE; RADIATIVE FEEDBACKS; GLOBAL HEAT; MODELS; IMPACT AB There is large uncertainty in the simulation of transient climate sensitivity. This study aims to understand how such uncertainty is related to the simulation of the base climate by comparing two simulations with the samemodel but in which CO2 is increased from either a preindustrial (1860) or a present-day (1990) control simulation. This allows different base climate ocean circulations that are representative of those in current climate models to be imposed upon a single model. As a result, the model projects different transient climate sensitivities that are comparable to themultimodel spread. The greater warming in the 1990-start run occurs primarily at high latitudes and particularly over regions of oceanic convection. In the 1990-start run, ocean overturning circulations are initially weaker and weaken less from CO2 forcing. As a consequence, there are smaller reductions in the poleward ocean heat transport, leading to less tropical ocean heat storage and less moderated high-latitude surface warming. This process is evident in both hemispheres, with changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and the Antarctic Bottom Water formation dominating the warming differences in each hemisphere. The high-latitude warming in the 1990-start run is enhanced through albedo and cloud feedbacks, resulting in a smaller ocean heat uptake efficacy. The results highlight the importance of improving the base climate ocean circulation in order to provide a reasonable starting point for assessments of past climate change and the projection of future climate change. C1 [He, Jie; Jia, Liwei] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [He, Jie; Winton, Michael; Vecchi, Gabriel; Jia, Liwei] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Rugenstein, Maria] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. RP He, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM jie.he@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X FU visiting research scientist program at the Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University FX We thank Jonathan Gregory and Isaac Held for useful discussions and Thomas Delworth for the internal review at Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. Thanks also go to Brian Soden and Eui-Seok Chung for providing radiative kernels. Jie He is supported by the visiting research scientist program at the Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1493 EP 1504 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0581.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM7WG UT WOS:000395522400019 ER PT J AU Chiodi, AM Harrison, DE AF Chiodi, Andrew M. Harrison, D. E. TI Observed El Nino SSTA Development and the Effects of Easterly and Westerly Wind Events in 2014/15 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; PREDICTION; BURSTS; OCEAN; ENSO AB The unexpected halt of warm sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) growth in 2014 and development of a major El Nino in 2015 has drawn attention to our ability to understand and predict El Nino development. Wind stress-forced ocean model studies have satisfactorily reproduced observed equatorial Pacific SSTAs during periods when data return from the TAO/TRITON buoy network was high. Unfortunately, TAO/TRITON data return in 2014 was poor. To study 2014 SSTA development, the observed wind gaps must be filled. The hypothesis that subseasonal wind events provided the dominant driver of observed waveguide SSTA development in 2014 and 2015 is used along with the available buoy winds to construct an oceanic waveguide-wide surface stress field of westerly wind events (WWEs) and easterly wind surges (EWSs). It is found that the observed Nino-3.4 SSTA development in 2014 and 2015 can thereby be reproduced satisfactorily. Previous 2014 studies used other wind fields and reached differing conclusions about the importance of WWEs and EWSs. Experiment results herein help explain these inconsistencies, and clarify the relative importance of WWEs and EWSs. It is found that the springtime surplus of WWEs and summertime balance between WWEs and EWSs (yielding small net wind stress anomaly) accounts for the early development and midyear reversal of El Nino-like SSTA development in 2014. Astrong abundance of WWEs in 2015 accounts for the rapid SSTA warming observed then. Accurately forecasting equatorial Pacific SSTA in years like 2014 and 2015 may require learning to predict WWE and EWS occurrence characteristics. C1 [Chiodi, Andrew M.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Chiodi, AM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM andy.chiodi@noaa.gov FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148]; Climate Observations Division of the NOAA Climate Program Office [100007298]; NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory FX This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, and by support from the Climate Observations Division of the NOAA Climate Program Office (FundRef 100007298) as well as from NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1505 EP 1519 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0385.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM7WG UT WOS:000395522400020 ER PT J AU Larsen, J Bushnell, P Steffensen, J Pedersen, M Qvortrup, K Brill, R AF Larsen, Julie Bushnell, Peter Steffensen, John Pedersen, Morten Qvortrup, Klaus Brill, Richard TI Characterization of the functional and anatomical differences in the atrial and ventricular myocardium from three species of elasmobranch fishes: smooth dogfish (Mustelus canis), sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus), and clearnose skate (Raja eglanteria) SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atria; Cardiac; Force-frequency; Heart; Temperature; Ventricle ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; FORCE-FREQUENCY RELATIONSHIPS; MYOSIN HEAVY-CHAIN; SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; RAINBOW-TROUT; THERMAL-ACCLIMATION; CARDIAC-PERFORMANCE; TROPONIN-C; HETERODONTUS-PORTUSJACKSONI; RYANODINE SENSITIVITY AB We assessed the functional properties in atrial and ventricular myocardium (using isolated cardiac strips) of smooth dogfish (Mustelus canis), clearnose skate (Raja eglanteria), and sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus) by blocking Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) with ryanodine and thapsigargin and measuring the resultant changes in contraction-relaxation parameters and the force-frequency relationship at 20 degrees C and 30 degrees C. We also examined ultrastructural differences with electron microscopy. In tissues from smooth dogfish, net force (per cross-sectional area) and measures of the speeds of contraction and relaxation were all higher in atrial than ventricular myocardium at both temperatures. Atrial-ventricular differences were evident in the other two species primarily in measures of the rates of contraction and relaxation. Ryanodine-thapsigargin treatment reduced net force and its maximum positive first derivative (i.e., contractility), and increased time to 50 % relaxation in atrial tissue from smooth dogfish at 30 degrees C. It also increased times to peak force and half relaxation in clearnose skate atrial and ventricular tissue at both temperatures, but only in atrial tissue from sandbar shark at 30 degrees C; indicating that SR involvement in excitation-contraction (EC) coupling is species- and temperature-specific in elasmobranch fishes, as it is in teleost fishes. Atrial and ventricular myocardium from all three species displayed a negative force-frequency relationship, but there was no evidence that SR involvement in EC coupling was influenced by heart rate. SR was evident in electron micrographs, generally located in proximity to mitochondria and intercalated discs, and to a lesser extent between the myofibrils; with mitochondria being more numerous in ventricular than atrial myocardium in all three species. C1 [Larsen, Julie; Steffensen, John] Univ Copenhagen, Marine Biol Sect, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000 Helsingor, Denmark. [Bushnell, Peter] Indiana Univ South Bend, Dept Biol, 1700 Mishawaka Ave, South Bend, IN 46634 USA. [Pedersen, Morten] Roskilde Univ, Dept Sci & Environm, Univ Vej 1, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Qvortrup, Klaus] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biomed Sci, CFIM, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Brill, Richard] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Behav Ecol Branch, Ecosyst Proc Div, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr,NOAA, Sandy Hook, NJ 07732 USA. [Brill, Richard] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Brill, R (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Behav Ecol Branch, Ecosyst Proc Div, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr,NOAA, Sandy Hook, NJ 07732 USA.; Brill, R (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM rbrill@vims.edu FU Core Facility for Integrated Microscopy, University of Copenhagen; University of Indiana South Bend; Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Holly Shiels and Gina Galli (University of Manchester, U.K.) for their critical reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript, although any errors of omission or commission are solely ours. We also greatly recognized the entire staff of the VIMS Eastern Shore Laboratory for their ongoing hospitality and help in running the experiments. Support was provided by the Core Facility for Integrated Microscopy, University of Copenhagen; the University of Indiana South Bend; and the Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This is contribution 3582 from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), or any of their sub-agencies. Likewise, mention of trade names, products, or commercial companies is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by NOAA or any of its sub-agencies. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. NR 98 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0174-1578 EI 1432-136X J9 J COMP PHYSIOL B JI J. Comp. Physiol. B-Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 187 IS 2 BP 291 EP 313 DI 10.1007/s00360-016-1034-9 PG 23 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA EO1CV UT WOS:000396436100003 PM 27686667 ER PT J AU Cox, GK Brill, RW Bonaro, KA Farrell, AP AF Cox, Georgina K. Brill, Richard W. Bonaro, Kaitlin A. Farrell, Anthony P. TI Determinants of coronary blood flow in sandbar sharks, Carcharhinus plumbeus SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cardiac power output; Heart rate; Coronary blood flow; Coronary resistance; Sharks ID MYOCARDIAL OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; DOGFISH SCYLIORHINUS-CANICULA; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; CARDIAC-PERFORMANCE; HEART-RATE; HEMITRIPTERUS-AMERICANUS; VENTRICULAR MYOCARDIUM; TRIAKIS-SEMIFASCIATA; PROGRESSIVE HYPOXIA AB The coronary circulation first appeared in the chordate lineage in cartilaginous fishes where, as in birds and mammals but unlike most teleost fishes, it supplies arterial blood to the entire myocardium. Despite the pivotal position of elasmobranch fishes in the evolution of the coronary circulation, the determinants of coronary blood flow have never been investigated in this group. Elasmobranch fishes are of special interest because of the morphological arrangement of their cardiomyocytes. Unlike teleosts, the majority of the ventricular myocardium in elasmobranch fishes is distant to the venous blood returning to the heart (i.e., the luminal blood). Also, the majority of the myocardium is in close association with the coronary circulation. To determine the relative contribution of the coronary and luminal blood supplies to cardiovascular function in sandbar sharks, Carcharhinus plumbeus, we measured coronary blood flow while manipulating cardiovascular status using acetylcholine and adrenaline. By exploring inter-and intra-individual variation in cardiovascular variables, we show that coronary blood flow is directly related to heart rate (R-2 = 0.6; P < 0.001), as it is in mammalian hearts. Since coronary blood flow is inversely related to coronary resistance both in vivo and in vitro, we suggest that in elasmobranch fishes, changes in heart rate mediate changes in coronary vascular resistance, which adjust coronary blood flow appropriately. C1 [Cox, Georgina K.; Farrell, Anthony P.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Brill, Richard W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ USA. [Bonaro, Kaitlin A.] Washington & Lee Univ, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. [Farrell, Anthony P.] Univ British Columbia, Fac Land & Food Syst, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Cox, GK (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM cox@zoology.ubc.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [RGPIN 2015 05059] FX This study was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant (RGPIN 2015 05059) to APF. APF holds a Canada Research Chair. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0174-1578 EI 1432-136X J9 J COMP PHYSIOL B JI J. Comp. Physiol. B-Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 187 IS 2 BP 315 EP 327 DI 10.1007/s00360-016-1033-x PG 13 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA EO1CV UT WOS:000396436100004 PM 27678513 ER PT J AU Duster, TA Na, CZ Bolster, D Fein, JB AF Duster, Thomas A. Na, Chongzheng Bolster, Diogo Fein, Jeremy B. TI Transport of Single-Layered Graphene Oxide Nanosheets through Quartz and Iron Oxide-Coated Sand Columns SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Single-layered graphene oxide (SLGO); Deposition rate; Transport; Quartz; Iron oxide ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; OXIDIZED GRAPHITE OXIDES; TELLER BET METHOD; SURFACE-AREA; CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; SUBSURFACE COLLOIDS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; CARBON NANOTUBES; METAL-IONS; BASE-LINE AB Single-layered graphene oxide (SLGO) nanosheets are distinguished from other colloids by their extreme anisotropy, which likely exerts a strong control on their transport behavior. Hence, this study investigates the influence of both environmentally relevant pH and ionic strength on the transport of SLGO nanosheets through saturated quartz or iron oxide-coated sands. Both the nanosheets and quartz sands are negatively charged throughout the experimental conditions, resulting in very little nanosheet deposition onto the quartz sands. However, increasing ionic strength and decreasing pH did cause measurable increases in nanosheet deposition, likely due to decreases in the magnitude of negative charges near the respective surfaces. Conversely, nanosheets and iron oxide-coated sands are oppositely charged throughout the experimental conditions, resulting in significant nanosheet deposition onto the iron oxide-coated sands. These trends suggest that nanosheet deposition is largely controlled by electrostatic forces, although the deposition rate of the high ionic strength iron oxide-coated sand treatment could not be explained by electrostatic interactions alone and instead may be influenced by nanosheet aggregation. Collectively, these measurements enable prediction of SLGO transport throughout a range of realistic environmental and geologic conditions. (C) 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Duster, Thomas A.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Duster, Thomas A.; Na, Chongzheng; Bolster, Diogo; Fein, Jeremy B.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Earth Sci, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Duster, TA (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM thomas.duster@nist.gov FU Arthur J. Schmitt Foundation; National Research Council; USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy's Nuclear Energy University Programs; U.S. National Science Foundation's Environmental Engineering Program FX This research was supported, in part, by fellowships to the first author from the Arthur J. Schmitt Foundation and the National Research Council. In addition, the authors performed most experiments and analyses using instrumentation at the Center for Environmental Science and Technology (University of Notre Dame). The authors also acknowledge a substantial technical contribution by Jennifer Szymanowski (ND) and additional research guidance by Dr. Lauren Greenlee (NIST). The second author's contribution was supported by the USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy's Nuclear Energy University Programs, the U.S. National Science Foundation's Environmental Engineering Program, the donors of the ACS Petroleum Research Fund, and the University of Notre Dame Sustainable Energy Initiative. Contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, an agency of the United States government; not subject to copyright in the United States. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, databases, or materials may be identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 EI 1943-7870 J9 J ENVIRON ENG JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD FEB PY 2017 VL 143 IS 2 AR 04016079 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001156 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EO7NK UT WOS:000396877200003 ER PT J AU Gebregiorgis, AS Kirstetter, PE Hong, YE Carr, NJ Gourley, JJ Petersen, W Zheng, YY AF Gebregiorgis, Abebe Sine Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel Hong, Yang E. Carr, Nicholas J. Gourley, Jonathan J. Petersen, Walt Zheng, Yaoyao TI Understanding Overland Multisensor Satellite Precipitation Error in TMPA-RT Products SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; NEXT-GENERATION; RAINFALL; RADAR; RETRIEVALS; VALIDATION; ALGORITHMS; STATES; LAND AB The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) has provided the global community a widely used multisatellite (and multisensor type) estimate of quasi-global precipitation. One of the TMPA level-3 products, 3B42RT/TMPA-RT (where RT indicates real time), is a merged product of microwave (MW) and infrared (IR) precipitation estimates, which attempts to exploit the most desirable aspects of both types of sensors, namely, quality rainfall estimation and spatiotemporal resolution. This study extensively and systematically evaluates multisatellite precipitation errors by tracking the sensor-specific error sources and quantifying the biases originating from multiple sensors. High-resolution, ground-based radar precipitation estimates from the Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) system, developed by the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL), are utilized as reference data. The analysis procedure involves segregating the grid precipitation estimate as a function of sensor source, decomposing the bias, and then quantifying the error contribution per grid. The results of this study reveal that while all three aspects of detection (i.e., hit, missed-rain, and false-rain biases) contribute to the total bias associated with IR precipitation estimates, overestimation bias (positive hit bias) and missed precipitation are the dominant error sources for MW precipitation estimates. Considering only MW sensors, the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) shows the largest missed-rain and overestimation biases (nearly double that of the other MW estimates) per grid box during the summer and winter seasons. The Special Sensor Microwave Imagers/Sounders (SSMIS on board F17 and F16) also show major error during winter and spring, respectively. C1 [Gebregiorgis, Abebe Sine; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Hong, Yang E.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gebregiorgis, Abebe Sine; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Hong, Yang E.; Carr, Nicholas J.; Zheng, Yaoyao] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Hong, Yang E.; Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Carr, Nicholas J.; Zheng, Yaoyao] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Petersen, Walt] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Gebregiorgis, AS (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.; Gebregiorgis, AS (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM abesine@ou.edu RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013 OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229 FU NASA project [NNX15AL36G, NNX13AF84G] FX This work was supported by NASA project Grants NNX15AL36G and NNX13AF84G. The authors also acknowledge the two anonymous reviewers and the editor for their comprehensive, insightful, and constructive comments during the review process of this manuscript. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 18 IS 2 BP 285 EP 306 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-15-0207.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EO9JZ UT WOS:000397006300001 ER PT J AU Tan, J Petersen, WA Kirstetter, PE Tian, YD AF Tan, Jackson Petersen, Walter A. Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel Tian, Yudong TI Performance of IMERG as a Function of Spatiotemporal Scale SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE PRECIPITATION PRODUCTS; INTEGRATED MULTISATELLITE RETRIEVALS; UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION; ANALYSIS TMPA; DAY-1 IMERG; TRMM; RESOLUTION; SYSTEM; RADAR; MODEL AB The Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG), a global high-resolution gridded precipitation dataset, will enable a wide range of applications, ranging from studies on precipitation characteristics to applications in hydrology to evaluation of weather and climate models. These applications focus on different spatial and temporal scales and thus average the precipitation estimates to coarser resolutions. Such amodification of scale will impact the reliability of IMERG. In this study, the performance of the Final Run of IMERG is evaluated against ground-based measurements as a function of increasing spatial resolution (from 0.1 degrees to 2.5 degrees) and accumulation periods (from 0.5 to 24 h) over a region in the southeastern United States. For ground reference, a product derived from the Multi-Radar/Multi-Sensor suite, a radar- and gauge-based operational precipitation dataset, is used. The TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) is also included as a benchmark. In general, both IMERG and TMPA improve when scaled up to larger areas and longer time periods, with better identification of rain occurrences and consistent improvements in systematic and random errors of rain rates. Between the two satellite estimates, IMERG is slightly better than TMPA most of the time. These results will inform users on the reliability of IMERG over the scales relevant to their studies. C1 [Tan, Jackson] Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tan, Jackson; Tian, Yudong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Petersen, Walter A.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Off, Huntsville, AL USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Tian, Yudong] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Tan, J (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Tan, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jackson.tan@nasa.gov RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; Tan, Jackson/0000-0001-7085-3074 FU NASA [NNH15CO48B]; GPMMission; NASA from the GPM mission Ground Validation program [NNX16AL23G]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration Precipitation Science Program [NNH09ZDA001N] FX We are grateful to George Huffman, David Bolvin, and Ali Tokay for discussions on the direction of this study, as well as three anonymous reviewers for their detailed suggestions on improving the manuscript. J.T. is supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Universities Space Research Association through a contract with NASA (Agreement Number NNH15CO48B). W. A. P. acknowledges support from the GPMMission (Project Scientist, Gail S.-Jackson, and GV Systems Manager, Mathew Schwaller) and also Precipitation Measurement Mission (PMM) Science Team funding provided by Dr. Ramesh Kakar. P. E. K. acknowledges support from NASA Grant NNX16AL23G from the GPM mission Ground Validation program. Y. T. is supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Precipitation Science Program under solicitation NNH09ZDA001N. The IMERG and TMPA data were provided by the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center's PMM and Precipitation Processing System (PPS) teams, which develop and compute IMERG and TMPA as a contribution to GPM and TRMM, respectively, and are archived at the NASA GES DISC. All codes used in this analysis are freely available at https://github.com/JacksonTanBS/2017_JHM_ScaleGV. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 18 IS 2 BP 307 EP 319 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-16-0174.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EO9JZ UT WOS:000397006300002 ER PT J AU Saharia, M Kirstetter, PE Vergara, H Gourley, JJ Hong, Y Giroud, M AF Saharia, Manabendra Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel Vergara, Humberto Gourley, Jonathan J. Hong, Yang Giroud, Marine TI Mapping Flash Flood Severity in the United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION; TRENDS; HYDROLOGY; FREQUENCY; RECORD; SCALE AB Flash floods, a subset of floods, are a particularly damaging natural hazard worldwide because of their multidisciplinary nature, difficulty in forecasting, and fast onset that limits emergency responses. In this study, a new variable called "flashiness" is introduced as a measure of flood severity. This work utilizes a representative and long archive of flooding events spanning 78 years to map flash flood severity, as quantified by the flashiness variable. Flood severity is then modeled as a function of a large number of geomorphological and climatological variables, which is then used to extend and regionalize the flashiness variable from gauged basins to a high-resolution grid covering the conterminous United States. Six flash flood "hotspots" are identified and additional analysis is presented on the seasonality of flash flooding. The findings from this study are then compared to other related datasets in the United States, including National Weather Service storm reports and a historical flood fatalities database. C1 [Saharia, Manabendra; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Saharia, Manabendra; Vergara, Humberto] Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. [Saharia, Manabendra; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Vergara, Humberto] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Vergara, Humberto; Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Giroud, Marine] Ecole Mines Ales, Dept Risk & Crises Management, Ales, France. RP Kirstetter, PE (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.; Kirstetter, PE (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA.; Kirstetter, PE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM pierre.kirstetter@noaa.gov RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013 OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229 FU Disaster Relief Appropriations Act [P.L. 113-2, NA14OAR4830100] FX This work was supported by the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (P.L. 113-2), which funded NOAA Research Grant NA14OAR4830100. The authors also thank the two anonymous reviewers, Francesco Serinaldi, and the editors for providing useful comments, which greatly improved the manuscript. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 18 IS 2 BP 397 EP 411 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-16-0082.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EO9JZ UT WOS:000397006300008 ER PT J AU Leeper, RD Bell, JE Vines, C Palecki, M AF Leeper, Ronald D. Bell, Jesse E. Vines, Chante Palecki, Michael TI An Evaluation of the North American Regional Reanalysis Simulated Soil Moisture Conditions during the 2011-13 Drought Period SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE REFERENCE NETWORK; U.S. CLIMATE; PART I; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY; VALIDATION; SMOS AB Accurate and timely information on soil moisture conditions is an important component to effectively prepare for the damaging aspects of hydrological extremes. The combination of sparsely dense in situ networks and shallow observation depths of remotely sensed soil moisture conditions often force local and regional decision-makers to rely on numerical methods when assessing the current soil state. In this study, soil moisture from a commonly used, high-resolution reanalysis dataset is compared to observations from the U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN). The purpose of this study is to evaluate how well the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) captured the evolution, intensity, and spatial extent of the 2012 drought using both raw volumetric values and standardized anomalies of soil moisture. Comparisons revealed that despite a dry precipitation bias of 22% nationally, NARR had predominantly wetter 5-cm volumetric soil conditions over the growing season (April-September) than observed at USCRN sites across the contiguous United States, with differences more pronounced in drier regions. These biases were partially attributed to differences between the dominant soil characteristics assigned to the modeled grid cells and localized soil characteristics at the USCRN stations. However, NARR was able to successfully capture many aspects of the 2012 drought, including the timing, intensity, and spatial extent when using standardized soil moisture anomalies. Standardizing soil moisture conditions reduced the magnitude of systematic biases between NARR and USCRN in many regions and provided a more robust basis for utilizing modeled soil conditions in assessments of hydrological extremes. C1 [Leeper, Ronald D.; Bell, Jesse E.] North Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Leeper, Ronald D.; Bell, Jesse E.; Vines, Chante; Palecki, Michael] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA. [Vines, Chante] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH USA. RP Leeper, RD (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.; Leeper, RD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA. EM ronald.leeper@noaa.gov FU NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina [NA09OAR4310104]; NOAA Climate Program Office FX This work was supported by NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement NA09OAR4310104. The USCRN is supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 18 IS 2 BP 515 EP 527 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-16-0132.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EO9JZ UT WOS:000397006300014 ER PT J AU Denlinger, R Gimbutas, Z Greengard, L Rokhlin, V AF Denlinger, Ryan Gimbutas, Zydrunas Greengard, Leslie Rokhlin, Vladimir TI A fast summation method for oscillatory lattice sums SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PERIODIC SCATTERING PROBLEMS; HELMHOLTZ-EQUATION; SCHLOMILCH SERIES; GREENS-FUNCTIONS; ARRAYS; SOLVER; LAYERS AB We present a fast summation method for lattice sums of the type which arise when solving wave scattering problems with periodic boundary conditions. While there are a variety of effective algorithms in the literature for such calculations, the approach presented here is new and leads to a rigorous analysis of Wood's anomalies. These arise when illuminating a grating at specific combinations of the angle of incidence and the frequency of the wave, for which the lattice sums diverge. They were discovered by Wood in 1902 as singularities in the spectral response. The primary tools in our approach are the Euler-Maclaurin formula and a steepest descent argument. The resulting algorithm has super-algebraic convergence and requires only milliseconds of CPU time. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Denlinger, Ryan; Greengard, Leslie] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, 251 Mercer St, New York, NY 10012 USA. [Gimbutas, Zydrunas] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Rokhlin, Vladimir] Yale Univ, Dept Comp Sci, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Rokhlin, Vladimir] Yale Univ, Dept Math, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Rokhlin, Vladimir] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Denlinger, R (reprint author), NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, 251 Mercer St, New York, NY 10012 USA. EM denlinger@math.utexas.edu; zydrunas.gimbutas@boulder.nist.gov; greengard@cims.nyu.edu; rokhlin@cs.yale.edu OI Greengard, Leslie/0000-0003-2895-8715 FU Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering; AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0180]; ONR [N00014-16-1-2123] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering and AFOSR under NSSEFF Program Award No. FA9550-10-1-0180, in part by AFOSR under Contract No. FA9550-10-1-0180, and in part by ONR under Contract No. N00014-16-1-2123. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 EI 1089-7658 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 58 IS 2 AR 023511 DI 10.1063/1.4976499 PG 16 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA EM4NP UT WOS:000395290100034 ER PT J AU Woehl, TJ Abellan, P AF Woehl, T. J. Abellan, P. TI Defining the radiation chemistry during liquid cell electron microscopy to enable visualization of nanomaterial growth and degradation dynamics SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY LA English DT Review DE In situ electron microscopy; liquid cell electron microscopy; nucleation; radiation chemistry; radiolysis; scanning transmission electron microscopy; transmission electron microscopy ID IN-SITU; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; HYDRATED ELECTRON; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; BEAM; MECHANISMS; NUCLEATION; INTERFACE; SYSTEMS; SILVER AB We present a critical review of methods for defining the chemical environment during liquid cell electron microscopy investigation of electron beam induced nanomaterial growth and degradation. We draw from the radiation chemistry and liquid cell electron microscopy literature to present solution chemistry and electron beam-based methods for selecting the radiolysis products formed and their relative amount during electron irradiation of liquid media in a transmission electron microscope. We outline various methods for establishing net oxidizing or net reducing reaction environments and propose solvents with minimal overall production of radicals under the electron beam. Exemplary liquid cell electron microscopy experiments in the fields of nanoparticle nucleation, growth, and degradation along with recommendations for best practices and experimental parameters are reported. We expect this review will provide researchers with a useful toolkit for designing general chemistry and materials science liquid cell electron microscopy experiments by 'directing' the effect of the electron beam to understand fundamental mechanisms of dynamic nanoscale processes as well as minimizing radiation damage to samples. C1 [Woehl, T. J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Woehl, T. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Abellan, P.] SuperSTEM Lab, SciTech Daresbury Campus, Daresbury, England. RP Woehl, TJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, 4418 Stadium Dr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM tjwoehl@umd.edu; pabellan@superstem.org FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council FX A portion of this work was performed while T.J.W. held a National Research Council Research Associateship at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). P.A. acknowledges the SuperSTEM Laboratory, which is the U.K. National Facility for Aberration-Corrected STEM, supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. This review is also the result of many discussions and collaborations and we would like to thank specially Dr. Nigel D. Browning (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory - PNNL), Dr. James E. Evans (PNNL), Dr. Ilke Arslan (PNNL), Dr. Katie L. Jungjohann (Sandia National Laboratory) and Dr. Lucas R. Parent (University of California-San Diego). We want to thank Dr. Frances M. Ross (IBM), Prof. Quentin M. Ramasse (SuperSTEM), Prof. Rik Brydson (University of Leeds), Dr. George V. Buxton (University of Leeds) and Dr. Nick Bedford (NIST) for their critical reviews of themanuscript. P.A. thanks Dr. George V. Buxton and Prof. Rik Brydson for very helpful discussions on radiation chemistry. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-2720 EI 1365-2818 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 265 IS 2 BP 135 EP 147 DI 10.1111/jmi.12508 PG 13 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA EL8ZL UT WOS:000394908800001 PM 27918613 ER PT J AU Mink, J Lin, YC Karlsson, M Osterberg, C Udovic, TJ Fahlquist, H Haussermann, U AF Mink, Janos Lin, Yuan-Chih Karlsson, Maths Osterberg, Carin Udovic, Terrence J. Fahlquist, Henrik Haussermanne, Ulrich TI Vibrational properties of -KSiH3 and -RbSiH3: a combined Raman and inelastic neutron scattering study SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE complex metal hydrides; alkali metal silanides; inelastic neutron scattering; libration modes; order-disorder phase transition ID SPACE GAUSSIAN PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; POTASSIUM SILANIDE; KSIH3; RB AB The hydrogen storage materials ASiH(3) (A=K and Rb) represent complex metal hydrides built from metal cations and pyramidal SiH3- ions. At room temperature, SiH3- moieties are randomly oriented because of dynamical disorder (-modifications). At temperatures below 200K, ASiH(3) exist as ordered low-temperature () modifications. The vibrational properties of -ASiH(3) were characterized by a combination of Raman spectroscopy and inelastic neutron scattering. Internal modes of SiH3- are observed in the spectral range 1800-1900cm(-1) (stretching modes) and 890-1000cm(-1) (bending modes). External modes are observed below 500cm(-1). Specifically, SiH3- librations are between 300-450cm(-1) and 270-400cm(-1) for A=K and Rb, respectively, SiH3- translations are between 95 and 160cm(-1), K+ translations are in the range 60-100cm(-1) and Rb+ translations in the range 50-70cm(-1). The red-shift of libration modes for A=Rb is associated with a 15-30% reduction of the libration force constants of SiH3- ions in -RbSiH3. This correlates with a lower temperature for the - order-disorder phase transition (278 vs 298K). Libration modes become significantly anharmonic with increasing temperature but are maintained up to at least 200K. The vibrational properties of ASiH(3) compare well to those of alkali metal borohydrides ABH(4) (A=Na-Cs). Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Fahlquist, Henrik; Haussermanne, Ulrich] Stockholm Univ, Dept Mat & Environm Chem, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Mink, Janos] Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Nat Sci, POB 77, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. [Mink, Janos] Univ Pannonia, Res Inst Chem & Proc Engn, Fac Informat Technol, POB 158, H-8201 Veszprem, Hungary. [Lin, Yuan-Chih; Karlsson, Maths; Osterberg, Carin] Chalmers, Dept Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Udovic, Terrence J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Haussermann, U (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Mat & Environm Chem, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM Ulrich.Haussermann@mmk.su.se FU National Institute of Standards and Technology, U. S. Department of Commerce; NSF [DMR-0944772]; Swedish Research Council FX We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U. S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. We also acknowledge partial support from the Swedish Research Council. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0377-0486 EI 1097-4555 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 48 IS 2 BP 284 EP 291 DI 10.1002/jrs.5013 PG 8 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA EL6CT UT WOS:000394708700019 ER PT J AU Van Cise, AM Roch, MA Baird, RW Mooney, TA Barlow, J AF Van Cise, Amy M. Roch, Marie A. Baird, Robin W. Mooney, T. Aran Barlow, Jay TI Acoustic differentiation of Shiho- and Naisa-type short-finned pilot whales in the Pacific Ocean SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RESIDENT KILLER WHALES; ORCINUS-ORCA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PHYSETER-MACROCEPHALUS; CULTURAL TRANSMISSION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; SPERM-WHALES; VOCAL CLANS; BIRD-SONG AB Divergence in acoustic signals used by different populations of marine mammals can be caused by a variety of environmental, hereditary, or social factors, and can indicate isolation between those populations. Two types of genetically and morphologically distinct short-finned pilot whales, called the Naisa- and Shiho-types when first described off Japan, have been identified in the Pacific Ocean. Acoustic differentiation between these types would support their designation as sub-species or species, and improve the understanding of their distribution in areas where genetic samples are difficult to obtain. Calls from two regions representing the two types were analyzed using 24 recordings from Hawai ' i (Naisa- type) and 12 recordings from the eastern Pacific Ocean (Shiho-type). Calls from the two types were significantly differentiated in median start frequency, frequency range, and duration, and were significantly differentiated in the cumulative distribution of start frequency, frequency range, and duration. Gaussian mixture models were used to classify calls from the two different regions with 74% accuracy, which was significantly greater than chance. The results of these analyses indicate that the two types are acoustically distinct, which supports the hypothesis that the two types may be separate sub-species. C1 [Van Cise, Amy M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. [Roch, Marie A.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Baird, Robin W.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Mooney, T. Aran] MIT, Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Barlow, Jay] NOAA, NMFS, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Van Cise, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. EM avancise@gmail.com FU Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Office of Naval Research as well as Commander,Pacific Fleet; Scripps Institution of Oceanography/National Science Foundation Interdisciplinary Graduate Education in Research Techniques fellowship program; Office of Naval Research [N000141110612, N00014-15-1-2299]; WHOI Marine Mammal Center; WHOI Marine Mammal Center and the Sawyer and Penzance Endowed Funds FX We thank Shannon Rankin, Jennifer Keating (NOAA's Southwest Fisheries Science Center), Daniel Webster (Cascadia Research Collective), and Max Kaplan (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI) for their efforts in collecting the acoustic data used in this study. Funding for Hawaiian data collection was provided by grants from the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center and Office of Naval Research, as well as Commander, Pacific Fleet.The SoundTrap was purchased with funding from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography/National Science Foundation Interdisciplinary Graduate Education in Research Techniques fellowship program. DMON data collection and portions of the analysis were funded by the Office of Naval Research [Grant Nos. N000141110612 (T.A.M. and R.W.B.) and N00014-15-1-2299 (M.A.R.); Program Manager Michael J.Weise], and WHOI Marine Mammal Center and the Sawyer and Penzance Endowed Funds to T.A.M. These Hawai` i data were collected under National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Permit No.15530 to R.W.B.and WHOI Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval (BI15245.00). We thank Ciara Payan, Dylan Sohngen, Jessica Walker, and Alaine Ibarreche for acting as our volunteer calls classifiers, and appreciate the volunteer efforts of Sabrina Pawlek, Madelaine Xochi Perez, and Lisa Valtierra in manually tracing calls included in this study. Finally, we thank Lisa Levin, Bill Hodgkiss, James Fowler, Phil Morin, and Ron Burton for their valuable input in this study. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 141 IS 2 BP 737 EP 748 DI 10.1121/1.4974858 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA EM4VD UT WOS:000395310100022 PM 28253689 ER PT J AU Pace, M Borg, JA Galdies, C Malhotra, A AF Pace, Matthew Borg, Joseph A. Galdies, Charles Malhotra, Amit TI Influence of wave climate on architecture and landscape characteristics of Posidonia oceanica meadows SO MARINE ECOLOGY-AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article DE Architecture; landscape ecology; physical exposure; Posidonia oceanica; seagrass; spatial distribution; wave exposure; WEMo ID SEAGRASS CYMODOCEA-NODOSA; AQUATIC VEGETATION; BED TYPES; PATTERN; CLASSIFICATION; PARAMETERS; DYNAMICS; EXPOSURE; FEATURES; GROWTH AB Seagrass meadow characteristics, including distribution, shape, size and within-meadow architectural features, may be influenced by various physical factors, including hydrodynamic forces. However, such influences have hardly been assessed for meadows of the ecologically important and endemic Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica. The distribution of P.oceanica meadows at five sites in the Maltese Islands was mapped to a depth of c.15m using a combination of aerial photography and SCUBA diving surveys. Estimates of wind-generated wave energy and energy attenuated by depth were computed using the hydrodynamic model WEMo (Wave Exposure Model). Metrics for P.oceanica landscape features were calculated using FRAGSTATS for replicate 2500m(2) subsamples taken from the seagrass habitat maps in order to explore the influence of wave dynamics at the landscape scale. Data on within-meadow architectural attributes were collected from five sites and analysed for relationships with wave energy. The results indicate that landscape and architectural features of P.oceanica meadows located within the 6-11m depth range are significantly influenced by wave climate. Posidonia oceanica meadows tend to be patchier and have low overall cover, more complex patch shapes and reduced within-patch architectural complexity along a wave exposure gradient from low to high energy. The findings from the present study provide new insight into the influence of hydrodynamic factors on the natural dynamism of P.oceanica meadow landscape and architecture, which has implications for the conservation and management of the habitat. C1 [Pace, Matthew; Borg, Joseph A.] Univ Malta, Dept Biol, Fac Sci, MSD-2080 Msida, Malta. [Galdies, Charles] Univ Malta, Inst Earth Syst, Environm Management & Planning Div, Msida, Malta. [Malhotra, Amit] NOAA NOS NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC USA. RP Pace, M (reprint author), Univ Malta, Dept Biol, Fac Sci, MSD-2080 Msida, Malta. EM matthew.e.pace@gmail.com NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0173-9565 EI 1439-0485 J9 MAR ECOL-EVOL PERSP JI Mar. Ecol.-Evol. Persp. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 38 IS 1 DI 10.1111/maec.12387 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EL4GR UT WOS:000394580200013 ER PT J AU Snyder, MR Stepien, CA AF Snyder, Matthew R. Stepien, Carol A. TI Genetic patterns across an invasion's history: a test of change versus stasis for the Eurasian round goby in North America SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Black Sea; Great Lakes; invasion genetics; Neogobius melanostomus; population genetics; round goby ID PONTO-CASPIAN GOBIES; GREAT-LAKES; NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; POPULATION-GENETICS; DREISSENID MUSSEL; RANGE EXPANSION; RISK ANALYSIS; FOUNDER; BIOLOGY; MARKERS AB Biological invasions comprise accidental evolutionary experiments, whose genetic compositions underlie relative success, spread and persistence in new habitats. However, little is known about whether, or how, their population genetic patterns change temporally and/or spatially across the invasion's history. Theory predicts that most would undergo founder effect, exhibit low genetic divergence across the new range and gain variation over time via new arriving propagules. To test these predictions, we analyse population genetic diversity and divergence patterns of the Eurasian round goby Neogobius melanostomus across the two decades of its North American invasion in the Laurentian Great Lakes, comparing results from 13 nuclear DNA microsatellite lociand mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b sequences. We test whether genetic stasis', genetic replacement' and/or genetic supplement' scenarios have occurred at the invasion's core and expansion sites, in comparison with its primary native source population in the Dnieper River, Black Sea. Results reveal pronounced genetic divergence across the exotic range, with population areas remaining genetically distinct and statistically consistent across two decades, supporting genetic stasis' and founder takes most'. The original genotypes continue to predominate, whose high population growth likely outpaced the relative success of later arrivals. The original invasion core has stayed the most similar to the native source. Secondary expansion sites indicate slight allelic composition convergence towards the core population over time, attributable to some early genetic supplementation'. The geographic and temporal coverage of this investigation offers a rare opportunity to discern population dynamics over time and space in context of invasion genetic theory vs. reality. C1 [Snyder, Matthew R.; Stepien, Carol A.] Univ Toledo, Great Lakes Genet Genom Lab, Lake Erie Ctr, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Snyder, Matthew R.; Stepien, Carol A.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Snyder, Matthew R.; Stepien, Carol A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Stepien, CA (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Great Lakes Genet Genom Lab, Lake Erie Ctr, Toledo, OH 43606 USA.; Stepien, CA (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA.; Stepien, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM carol.stepien@noaa.gov OI Stepien, Carol/0000-0002-5544-4333 FU USEPA [GL-00E01149-0, GL-00E01898]; NSF [DGE-0742395, DEB-0456972]; University of Toledo College of Graduate Studies University Fellows Program FX Research was supported by grants led by C.A.S. from the USEPA GL-00E01149-0, USEPA GL-00E01898, NSF DGE-0742395 and NSF DEB-0456972. A graduate student fellowship from the University of Toledo College of Graduate Studies University Fellows Program supported M.R.S. We thank J. Chaffin, J. Hageman, D. Jude, C. Knight, Y. Kvach, J. Ram and C. Retz, and C.A.S. laboratory members J. Brown, A. Haponski, M. Neilson, C. Prichard and S. Woolwine for collecting gobies. A pilot study was conducted by C. A. S. with her students J. Brown and E. Sopkovich and visiting postdoctoral scholar S. Hirase. A. Haponski aided data analyses and R. Lohner and E. Kramer provided logistic support. This is NOAA PMEL contribution 4608. NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1075 EP 1090 DI 10.1111/mec.13997 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EM0HK UT WOS:000394999200010 PM 28029720 ER PT J AU Leidner, SM Nehrkorn, T Henderson, J Mountain, M Yunck, T Hoffman, RN AF Leidner, S. Mark Nehrkorn, Thomas Henderson, John Mountain, Marikate Yunck, Tom Hoffman, Ross N. TI A Severe Weather Quick Observing System Simulation Experiment (QuickOSSE) of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Radio Occultation (RO) Superconstellations SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; LAND-SURFACE MODEL; MESOSCALE METEOROLOGICAL MODEL; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL; KALMAN FILTER APPROACH; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; PART II; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION; OBSERVATION OPERATOR AB Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultations (RO) over the last 10 years have proved to be a valuable and essentially unbiased data source for operational global numerical weather prediction. However, the existing sampling coverage is too sparse in both space and time to support forecasting of severe mesoscale weather. In this study, the case study or quick observing system simulation experiment (Quick-OSSE) framework is used to quantify the impact of vastly increased numbers of GNSS RO profiles on mesoscale weather analysis and forecasting. The current study focuses on a severe convective weather event that produced both a tornado and flash flooding in Oklahoma on 31 May 2013. The WRF Model is used to compute a realistic and faithful depiction of reality. This 2-km "nature run'' (NR) serves as the "truth'' in this study. The NR is sampled by two proposed constellations of GNSS RO receivers that would produce 250 thousand and 2.5 million profiles per day globally. These data are then assimilated using WRF and a 24-member, 18-km-resolution, physics-based ensemble Kalman filter. The data assimilation is cycled hourly and makes use of a nonlocal, excess phase observation operator for RO data. The assimilation of greatly increased numbers of RO profiles produces improved analyses, particularly of the lower-tropospheric moisture fields. The forecast results suggest positive impacts on convective initiation. Additional experiments should be conducted for different weather scenarios and with improved OSSE systems. C1 [Leidner, S. Mark; Nehrkorn, Thomas; Henderson, John; Mountain, Marikate; Hoffman, Ross N.] Verisk Analyt, Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA 07310 USA. [Yunck, Tom] GeoOptics Inc, Pasadena, CA USA. [Hoffman, Ross N.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine and Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33124 USA. [Hoffman, Ross N.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Hoffman, RN (reprint author), Verisk Analyt, Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA 07310 USA.; Hoffman, RN (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine and Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33124 USA.; Hoffman, RN (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ross.n.hoffman@aer.com NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 145 IS 2 BP 637 EP 651 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-16-0212.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN1TX UT WOS:000395794200005 ER PT J AU Griffin, SM Otkin, JA Rozoff, CM Sieglaff, JM Cronce, LM Alexander, CR AF Griffin, Sarah M. Otkin, Jason A. Rozoff, Christopher M. Sieglaff, Justin M. Cronce, Lee M. Alexander, Curtis R. TI Methods for Comparing Simulated and Observed Satellite Infrared Brightness Temperatures and What Do They Tell Us? SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; HIGH-RESOLUTION FORECASTS; ABSOLUTE ERROR MAE; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; CLOUD PROPERTIES; WRF MODEL; VERIFICATION; INITIATION; SKILL; PERSPECTIVE AB In this study, the utility of dimensioned, neighborhood-based, and object-based forecast verification metrics for cloud verification is assessed using output from the experimental High Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRRx) model over a 1-day period containing different modes of convection. This is accomplished by comparing observed and simulated Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) 10.7-mu m brightness temperatures (BTs). Traditional dimensioned metrics such as mean absolute error (MAE) and mean bias error (MBE) were used to assess the overall model accuracy. The MBE showed that the HRRRx BTs for forecast hours 0 and 1 are too warm compared with the observations, indicating a lack of cloud cover, but rapidly become too cold in subsequent hours because of the generation of excessive upper-level cloudiness. Neighborhood and object-based statistics were used to investigate the source of the HRRRx cloud cover errors. The neighborhood statistic fractions skill score (FSS) showed that displacement errors between cloud objects identified in the HRRRx and GOES BTs increased with time. Combined with the MBE, the FSS distinguished when changes in MAE were due to differences in the HRRRx BT bias or displacement in cloud features. The Method for Object-Based Diagnostic Evaluation (MODE) analyzed the similarity between HRRRx and GOES cloud features in shape and location. The similarity was summarized using the newly defined MODE composite score (MCS), an area-weighted calculation using the cloud feature match value from MODE. Combined with the FSS, the MCS indicated if HRRRx forecast error is the result of cloud shape, since the MCS is moderately large when forecast and observation objects are similar in size. C1 [Griffin, Sarah M.; Otkin, Jason A.; Rozoff, Christopher M.; Sieglaff, Justin M.; Cronce, Lee M.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Alexander, Curtis R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Griffin, SM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM sarah.griffin@ssec.wisc.edu FU GOES-R Risk Reduction Program via NOAA Cooperative [NA15NES4320001]; Developmental Testbed Center (DTC); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation FX The authors thank John Halley Gotway at NCAR/RAL for his help installing and troubleshooting MODE and Randy Bullock at NCAR/RAL for his explanation of the MODE interest values. We also thank Jamie Wolff, Tara Jensen, Michelle Harrold, and Marybeth Zarlingo for their assistance during our trips to the Developmental Testbed Center. The authors thank Louis Grasso and two anonymous reviewers for their contributions to this manuscript. This project was funded by the GOES-R Risk Reduction Program via NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA15NES4320001. Support for this project was provided by the Developmental Testbed Center (DTC). The DTC Visitor Program is funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Center for Atmospheric Research, and the National Science Foundation. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 32 IS 1 BP 5 EP 25 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-16-0098.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM8JN UT WOS:000395557500002 ER PT J AU Harrison, DR Karstens, CD AF Harrison, David R. Karstens, Christopher D. TI A Climatology of Operational Storm-Based Warnings: A Geospatial Analysis SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PART I; TORNADO AB This study provides a quantitative climatological analysis of the fundamental geospatial components of storm-based warnings and offers insight into how the National Weather Service (NWS) uses the current storm-based warning system under the established directives and policies. From October 2007 through May 2016, the NWS issued over 500 000 storm-based warnings and severe weather statements (SVSs), primarily concentrated east of the Rocky Mountains. A geospatial analysis of these warning counts by county warning area (CWA) shows local maxima in the lower Mississippi valley, southern plains, central plains, and the southern Appalachians. Regional uniformity exists in the patterns of average speed and direction provided by the time/motion/location tags, while the mean duration and polygon area varies significantly by CWA and region. These observed consistencies and inconsistencies may be indicative of how local weather forecast office (WFO) policy and end-user needs factor into the warning issuance and update process. This research concludes with a comparison of storm-based warnings to NWS policy and an analysis of CWAs with the greatest number of warnings issued during a single convective day. C1 [Harrison, David R.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Karstens, Christopher D.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Karstens, Christopher D.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Harrison, DR (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM david.r.harrison-1@ou.edu FU OAA/Office of Education Hollings Scholarship Program; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX This paper was prepared with funding provided by the NOAA/Office of Education Hollings Scholarship Program and NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. The authors thank Travis Smith, Lans Rothfusz, and the reviewers for their guidance and suggestions. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 32 IS 1 BP 47 EP 60 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0146.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM8JN UT WOS:000395557500004 ER PT J AU Wu, WS Parrish, DF Rogers, E Lin, Y AF Wu, Wan-Shu Parrish, David F. Rogers, Eric Lin, Ying TI Regional Ensemble-Variational Data Assimilation Using Global Ensemble Forecasts SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID WEATHER PREDICTION MODEL; OSSE-BASED EVALUATION; LIMITED-AREA 3DVAR; KALMAN FILTER; PART II; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; RECURSIVE FILTERS; NUMERICAL ASPECTS; ANALYSIS SYSTEM; RESOLUTION AB At the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, the global ensemble forecasts from the ensemble Kalman filter scheme in the Global Forecast System are applied in a regional three-dimensional (3D) and a four dimensional (4D) ensemble-variational (EnVar) data assimilation system. The application is a one-way variational method using hybrid static and ensemble error covariances. To enhance impact, three new features have been added to the existing EnVar system in the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI). First, the constant coefficients that assign relative weight between the ensemble and static background error are now allowed to vary in the vertical. Second, a new formulation is introduced for the ensemble contribution to the analysis surface pressure. Finally, in order to make use of the information in the ensemble mean that is disregarded in the existing EnVar in GSI, the trajectory correction, a novel approach, is introduced. Relative to the application of a 3Dvariational data assimilation algorithm, a clear positive impact on 1-3-day forecasts is realized when applying 3DEnVar analyses in the North American Mesoscale Forecast System (NAM). The 3DEnVarDAsystem was operationally implemented in theNAMData Assimilation System in August 2014. Application of a 4DEnVar algorithm is shown to further improve forecast accuracy relative to the 3DEnVar. The approach described in this paper effectively combines contributions from both the regional and the global forecast systems to produce the initial conditions for the regional NAM system. C1 [Wu, Wan-Shu; Parrish, David F.; Rogers, Eric; Lin, Ying] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Wu, WS (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM wanshu.wu@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Weather Service FX The work was completed as part of the authors' job responsibilities at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. We thank the support of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Weather Service. The authors thank Daryl Kleist, Rahul Mahajan, Russ Treadon, and Jeff Whitaker, whose contributions made this work possible. We express our appreciation to David Groff, Rahul Mahajan, and Mary Hart, whose comments helped to improve the paper. WSW thanks Eugenia Kalnay for the idea of using ensemble perturbations in data assimilation. Qin Xu and two anonymous reviewers helped to significantly improve the manuscript. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 32 IS 1 BP 83 EP 96 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-16-0045.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM8JN UT WOS:000395557500006 ER PT J AU Sharma, S Siddique, R Balderas, N Fuentes, JD Reed, S Ahnert, P Shedd, R Astifan, B Cabrera, R Laing, A Klein, M Mejia, A AF Sharma, Sanjib Siddique, Ridwan Balderas, Nicholas Fuentes, Jose D. Reed, Seann Ahnert, Peter Shedd, Robert Astifan, Brian Cabrera, Reggina Laing, Arlene Klein, Mark Mejia, Alfonso TI Eastern US Verification of Ensemble Precipitation Forecasts SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID WEATHER PREDICTION CENTER; MID-ATLANTIC REGION; OHIO RIVER-BASIN; UNITED-STATES; RAIN-GAUGE; CLIMATE; SYSTEM; MODEL; FRAMEWORK; FUTURE AB The quality of ensemble precipitation forecasts across the eastern United States is investigated, specifically, version 2 of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Ensemble Forecast System Reforecast (GEFSRv2) and Short Range Ensemble Forecast (SREF) system, as well as NCEP's Weather Prediction Center probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecast (WPC-PQPF) guidance. The forecasts are verified usingmultisensor precipitation estimates and various metrics conditioned upon seasonality, precipitation threshold, lead time, and spatial aggregation scale. The forecasts are verified, over the geographic domain of each of the four eastern River Forecasts Centers (RFCs) in theUnited States, by considering first 1) the three systems or guidance, using a common period of analysis (2012-13) for lead times from 1 to 3 days, and then 2) GEFSRv2 alone, using a longer period (2004-13) and lead times from 1 to 16 days. The verification results indicate that, across the eastern United States, precipitation forecast bias decreases and the skill and reliability improve as the spatial aggregation scale increases; however, all the forecasts exhibit some underforecasting bias. The skill of the forecasts is appreciably better in the cool season than in the warm one. TheWPC-PQPFs tend to be superior, in terms of the correlation coefficient, relativemean error, reliability, and forecast skill scores, than bothGEFSRv2 and SREF, but the performance varies with the RFC and lead time. Based on GEFSRv2, medium-range precipitation forecasts tend to have skill up to approximately day 7 relative to sampled climatology. C1 [Sharma, Sanjib; Siddique, Ridwan; Mejia, Alfonso] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Balderas, Nicholas] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Balderas, Nicholas] Penn State Univ, REU Climate Sci Program, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fuentes, Jose D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Reed, Seann; Ahnert, Peter] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Middle Atlantic River Forecast Ctr, State Coll, PA USA. [Shedd, Robert] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Northeast River Forecast Ctr, Taunton, MA USA. [Astifan, Brian] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Ohio River Forecast Ctr, Wilmington, OH USA. [Cabrera, Reggina] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Southeast River Forecast Ctr, Peachtree City, GA USA. [Laing, Arlene; Klein, Mark] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Weather Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Mejia, A (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM amejia@engr.psu.edu FU NOAA/NWS [NA14NWS4680012]; Research Experiences for Undergraduates in Climate Science Program at The Pennsylvania State University FX We are thankful to the three anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions, which helped to improve the overall quality of the manuscript. SS and RS gratefully acknowledge the funding support provided by NOAA/NWS through Award NA14NWS4680012. They also acknowledge the computational support provided by the Institute for CyberScience at The Pennsylvania State University. NB acknowledges the support provided by the Research Experiences for Undergraduates in Climate Science Program at The Pennsylvania State University. We are also thankful to Christopher Schaffer of the Southeast River Forecast Center for providing useful comments and suggestions regarding this research. NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 32 IS 1 BP 117 EP 139 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-16-0094.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM8JN UT WOS:000395557500008 ER PT J AU Martinaitis, SM AF Martinaitis, Steven M. TI Radar Observations of Tornado-Warned Convection Associated with Tropical Cyclones over Florida SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR; SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORMS; SIGNATURES; ATLANTIC; MOTION AB Statistical evaluations of tornado warnings issued during recent tropical cyclone events yielded an aboveaverage false alarm ratio. This study analyzed tornado-warned convection associated with Tropical Storms Debby (2012) and Andrea (2013) using superresolution and dual-polarization data from Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler radars located throughout the Florida peninsula to identify precursor characteristics and signatures that would distinguish tornadic events prior to tornadogenesis. A series of radar-based interrogation guidance at varying ranges fromradar is presented to help facilitate the reduction of the tornado-warning false alarm ratio without compromising the probability of detection. For convection within 74.1 km from the nearest radar, low-level velocity characteristics include a rotational velocity >= 10.3ms(-1) (20 kt), shear across the rotation >= 0.010 s(-1), and a contracting rotation diameter. The convection should also exhibit supercell reflectivity signatures and at least a mesocyclone velocity enhancement signature or horizontal separation of greater Z(DR) and K-DP values. Guidance at a range from 74.1 to 129.6 km is similar except for not requiring the presence of a supercell reflectivity signature and the change of the rotational velocity guidance to >= 7.7ms(-1) (15 kt) at the 0.5 degrees-elevation angle. Convection at a range beyond 129.6 km only requires a rotational velocity >= 7.7ms(-1) (15 kt) at the 0.5 degrees-elevation angle. Evaluation of the radar interrogation guidance for tornadic events and tornado-warned convection for six tropical cyclones reduced the number of false alarm events by 28.9% and reduced the false alarm ratio from 0.740 to 0.669. C1 [Martinaitis, Steven M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Martinaitis, Steven M.] NOAA, NWS, Warning Decis Training Div, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Martinaitis, Steven M.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Martinaitis, SM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.; Martinaitis, SM (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, Warning Decis Training Div, Norman, OK 73072 USA.; Martinaitis, SM (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM steven.martinaitis@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement [NA11OAR4320072] FX The author thanks the anonymous reviewers for their comments, insight, and feedback. The author also thanks Dr. Pamela Heinselman from the NOAA/OAR/National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) for her insight and review, Brad Grant (NWS/WDTD) and James LaDue (NWS/WDTD) for their review of this work and the associated training deliverables, and Eric Jacobsen (CIMMS/OU and NWS/WDTD) for providing the radar data for the independent evaluations. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 32 IS 1 BP 165 EP 186 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-16-0105.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM8JN UT WOS:000395557500011 ER PT J AU van den Dool, H Becker, E Chen, LC Zhang, Q AF van den Dool, Huug Becker, Emily Chen, Li-Chuan Zhang, Qin TI The Probability Anomaly Correlation and Calibration of Probabilistic Forecasts SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL FORECASTS; SKILL ASSESSMENT; CLIMATE; MODEL; ENSEMBLE; PREDICTION; PREDICTABILITY; REGRESSION AB An ordinary regression of predicted versus observed probabilities is presented as a direct and simple procedure for minimizing the Brier score (BS) and improving the attributes diagram. The main example applies to seasonal prediction of extratropical sea surface temperature by a global coupled numerical model. In connection with this calibration procedure, the probability anomaly correlation (PAC) is developed. This emphasizes the exact analogy of PAC and minimizing BS to the widely used anomaly correlation (AC) and minimizing mean squared error in physical units. C1 [van den Dool, Huug; Becker, Emily; Chen, Li-Chuan; Zhang, Qin] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Becker, Emily] Innovim LLC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Chen, Li-Chuan] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP van den Dool, H (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM huug.vandendool@noaa.gov FU NOAA's MAPP Predictions Program [NA14OAR4310188] FX The manuscript was read by Malaquias Pena, Michelle L'Heureux, Stephen Baxter, John A. Dutton, Anthony Barnston, Michael Tippett, Richard P. James, and three anonymous reviewers. Their comments are gratefully acknowledged. This work was completed at the Climate Prediction Center. Support was given by NOAA's MAPP Predictions Program via Grant NA14OAR4310188. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 32 IS 1 BP 199 EP 206 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-16-0115.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM8JN UT WOS:000395557500013 ER PT J AU Wilson, KA Heinselman, PL Kuster, CM Kingfield, DM Kang, ZH AF Wilson, Katie A. Heinselman, Pamela L. Kuster, Charles M. Kingfield, Darrel M. Kang, Ziho TI Forecaster Performance and Workload: Does Radar Update Time Matter? SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PHASED-ARRAY RADAR; WEATHER RADAR; WARNING DECISIONS; TORNADO WARNINGS; DOPPLER RADAR; EVOLUTION AB Impacts of radar update time on forecasters' warning decision processes were analyzed in the 2015 Phased Array Radar Innovative Sensing Experiment. Thirty National Weather Service forecasters worked nine archived phased-array radar (PAR) cases in simulated real time. These cases presented nonsevere, severe hail and/or wind, and tornadic events. Forecasters worked each type of event with approximately 5-min (quarter speed), 2-min (half speed), and 1-min (full speed) PAR updates. Warning performance was analyzed with respect to lead time and verification. Combining all cases, forecasters' median warning lead times when using full-, half-, and quarter-speed PAR updates were 17, 14.5, and 13.6 min, respectively. The use of faster PAR updates also resulted in higher probability of detection and lower false alarm ratio scores. Radar update speed did not impact warning duration or size. Analysis of forecaster performance on a case-by-case basis showed that the impact of PAR update speed varied depending on the situation. This impact was most noticeable during the tornadic cases, where radar update speed positively impacted tornado warning lead time during two supercell events, but not for a short-lived tornado occurring within a bowing line segment. Forecasters' improved ability to correctly discriminate the severe weather threat during a nontornadic supercell event with faster PAR updates was also demonstrated. Forecasters provided subjective assessments of their cognitive workload in all nine cases. On average, forecasters were not cognitively overloaded, but some participants did experience higher levels of cognitive workload at times. A qualitative explanation of these particular instances is provided. C1 [Wilson, Katie A.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wilson, Katie A.; Kuster, Charles M.; Kingfield, Darrel M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Heinselman, Pamela L.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Kang, Ziho] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Wilson, KA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.; Wilson, KA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM katie.wilson@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX We are thankful to the 30 NWS forecasters that participated in this experiment. Thanks also extend to Tiffany Meyer for providing technical support in the testbed, A/V specialist James Murnan, and Gabe Garfield for providing the prebriefing videos and participating in our pilot runs. Cheryl Sharpe, Steven Martinaitis, and Greg Schoor also kindly participated in our pilot runs. Finally, thanks to Todd Lindley, Terry Schuur, and the three anonymous reviewers for providing helpful feedback on the writings of this paper. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 32 IS 1 BP 253 EP 274 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-16-0157.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM8JN UT WOS:000395557500017 ER PT J AU Lee, P McQueen, J Stajner, I Huang, JP Pan, L Tong, D Kim, H Tang, YH Kondragunta, S Ruminski, M Lu, S Rogers, E Saylor, R Shafran, P Huang, HC Gorline, J Upadhayay, S Artz, R AF Lee, Pius McQueen, Jeffery Stajner, Ivanka Huang, Jianping Pan, Li Tong, Daniel Kim, Hyuncheol Tang, Youhua Kondragunta, Shobha Ruminski, Mark Lu, Sarah Rogers, Eric Saylor, Rick Shafran, Perry Huang, Ho-Chun Gorline, Jerry Upadhayay, Sikchya Artz, Richard TI NAQFC Developmental Forecast Guidance for Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL; UNITED-STATES; ETA-MODEL; AIR; OZONE; CHEMISTRY; CAPABILITY; NOX AB The National Air Quality Forecasting Capability (NAQFC) upgraded its modeling system that provides developmental numerical predictions of particulate matter smaller than 2.5 mm in diameter (PM2.5) in January 2015. The issuance of PM2.5 forecast guidance has become more punctual and reliable because developmental PM2.5 predictions are provided from the same system that produces operational ozone predictions on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) supercomputers. There were three major upgrades in January 2015: 1) incorporation of real-time intermittent sources for particles emitted from wildfires and windblown dust originating within the NAQFC domain, 2) suppression of fugitive dust emissions from snow-and/or ice-covered terrain, and 3) a shorter life cycle for organic nitrate in the gaseousphase chemical mechanism. In May 2015 a further upgrade for emission sources was included using the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) 2011 National Emission Inventory (NEI). Emissions for ocean-going ships and on-road mobile sources will continue to rely on NEI 2005. Incremental tests and evaluations of these upgrades were performed over multiple seasons. They were verified against the EPA's AIRNow surface monitoring network for air pollutants. Impacts of the three upgrades on the prediction of surface PM2.5 concentrations show large regional variability: the inclusion of windblown dust emissions in May 2014 improved PM2.5 predictions over the western states and the suppression of fugitive dust in January 2015 reduced PM2.5 bias by 52%, from 6.5 to 3.1 mu gm(-3) against a monthly average of 9.4 mu gm(-3) for the north-central United States. C1 [Lee, Pius; Tong, Daniel; Kim, Hyuncheol; Tang, Youhua; Saylor, Rick; Artz, Richard] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [Lee, Pius; Tong, Daniel] George Mason Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [McQueen, Jeffery; Huang, Jianping; Rogers, Eric; Shafran, Perry; Huang, Ho-Chun] NOAA, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [Stajner, Ivanka; Upadhayay, Sikchya] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol Integrat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Huang, Jianping; Shafran, Perry; Huang, Ho-Chun] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. [Pan, Li; Tong, Daniel; Kim, Hyuncheol; Tang, Youhua] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellite, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kondragunta, Shobha] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Ruminski, Mark] NOAA, NESDIS, Satellite Anal Branch, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [Lu, Sarah] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Gorline, Jerry] Meteorol Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Upadhayay, Sikchya] Syneren Technol Corp, Arlington, VA USA. RP Lee, P (reprint author), NOAA, ARL, Air Qual & Atmospher Chem, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM pius.lee@noaa.gov FU NOAA's National Air Quality Forecast Capability; U.S. Weather and Research Program FX This work was partially funded by NOAA's National Air Quality Forecast Capability and the U.S. Weather and Research Program. Throughout this work, the authors appreciate numerous valuable discussions with Drs. Rohit Mathur and Jonathan Pleim of the Atmospheric Modeling and Analysis Division, EPA; Dr. Ariel Stein of NOAA/Air Resources Laboratory; and Drs. Bill Lapenta and Geoff DiMego of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. We are indebted to the advice of Drs. Mark Q. Liu and Sid Boukabara of the NOAA/ National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service. The authors thank the insightful comments from the three anonymous reviewers that added value to this paper. Although this work has been reviewed by NOAA and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect NOAA policies or views. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 32 IS 1 BP 343 EP 360 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0163.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM8JN UT WOS:000395557500022 ER PT J AU Fan, YL Ziabrev, K Zhang, SY Lin, BP Barlow, S Marder, SR AF Fan, Yeli Ziabrev, Kostiantyn Zhang, Siyuan Lin, Baoping Barlow, Stephen Marder, Seth R. TI Comparison of the Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Bi(perylene diimide) s Linked through Ortho and Bay Positions SO ACS OMEGA LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC SOLAR-CELLS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; NON-FULLERENE ACCEPTORS; PERYLENE BISIMIDE DYES; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; ELECTRON-ACCEPTORS; POLYMER; EFFICIENCY; DONOR; DENSITY AB The Ullmann homocoupling of 2-bromoperylene diimides (PDIs) gave [2,2'-biperylene]3,4: 9,10: 3', 4': 9', 10'-tetrakis(dicarboximide) s, 2,2'-bi(PDI) s, and the Suzuki coupling of a PDI-2-boronic ester and a 1bromo- PDI gave a [1,2'-biperylene]-3,4: 9,10: 3', 4': 9', 10'tetrakis( dicarboximide), 1,2'-bi(PDI). These were compared with [1,1'-biperylene]-3,4: 9,10: 3', 4': 9', 10'-tetrakis( dicarboximide) s, 1,1'-bi(PDI) s. Solution absorption spectra suggest that the PDIs in 2,2'-bi(PDI) s are more planar and less strongly coupled than those in 1,1'-bi(PDI) s, which is consistent with density functional theory calculations. 2,2'Bi( PDI) s are less easily reduced than 1,1'-and 1,2'-bi(PDI) s by ca. 70-90 mV. Bulk heterojunction organic solar cells incorporating a 2,2'-bi(PDI) acceptor behaved similarly to those employing its 1,1'-bi(PDI) analogue. C1 [Fan, Yeli; Lin, Baoping] Southeast Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Fan, Yeli; Ziabrev, Kostiantyn; Zhang, Siyuan; Barlow, Stephen; Marder, Seth R.] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Organ Photon & Elect, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Fan, Yeli; Ziabrev, Kostiantyn; Zhang, Siyuan; Barlow, Stephen; Marder, Seth R.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Ziabrev, Kostiantyn] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Opt Radiol Lab, 4515 McKinley Ave, St Louis, MO 63011 USA. [Zhang, Siyuan] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marder, SR (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Organ Photon & Elect, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.; Marder, SR (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM seth.marder@chemistry.gatech.edu FU Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research Award [N00014-14-1-0580]; China Scholarship Council FX This work was supported by the Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research Award No. N00014-14-1-0580 (CAOP MURI). Y.F. thanks the State-Sponsored Scholarship for Graduate Students from China Scholarship Council. The authors thank Yuting Gao for help with some of the synthetic work and Timothy Parker for help with the DFT calculations. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2470-1343 J9 ACS OMEGA JI ACS Omega PD FEB PY 2017 VL 2 IS 2 BP 377 EP 385 DI 10.1021/acsomega.6b00537 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EN2TO UT WOS:000395863300003 ER PT J AU Garboczi, EJ Bullard, JW AF Garboczi, E. J. Bullard, J. W. TI 3D analytical mathematical models of random star-shape particles via a combination of X-ray computed microtomography and spherical harmonic analysis SO ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Particle shape; Spherical harmonics; X-ray computed tomography; Star shape; Shape parameters; Random ID CONVEXITY MEASURE; CONTACT FUNCTION; ELASTIC-MODULI; PORE STRUCTURE; RANDOM-FIELDS; WIDE-RANGE; MU-M; CONCRETE; SURFACE; CEMENT AB To compute any physical quantity for a random particle, one needs to know the mathematical shape of the particle. For regular particles like spheres and ellipsoids, the mathematics are straightforward. For random particles, with realistic shapes, mathematically characterizing the shape had not been generally done. But since about the year 2002, a method has been developed that combines X-ray computed tomography and spherical harmonic analysis to give analytical, differentiable mathematical functions for the three-dimensional shape of star-shape particles, which are a wide class of particles covering most industrial particles of interest, ranging from micrometer scale to millimeter scale particles. This review article describes how this is done, in some detail, and then gives examples of applications of this method, including a contact function that is suitable for these random shape particles. The purpose of this article is to make these ideas widely available for the general powder researcher who knows that particle shape is important to his/her applications, and especially for those researchers who are just starting out in their particle science and technology careers. (C) 2016 The Society of Powder Technology Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. and The Society of Powder Technology Japan. C1 [Garboczi, E. J.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bullard, J. W.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Garboczi, EJ (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM edward.garboczi@nist.gov FU Society of Powder Technology, Japan FX Open Access for this article was sponsored by the Society of Powder Technology, Japan, through the Grant-in-Aid for Publication of Scientific Research Results, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 2016. NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8831 EI 1568-5527 J9 ADV POWDER TECHNOL JI Adv. Powder Technol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 28 IS 2 BP 325 EP 339 DI 10.1016/j.apt.2016.10.014 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA EP1VP UT WOS:000397172700001 ER PT J AU Garboczi, EJ Riding, KA Mirzahosseini, M AF Garboczi, E. J. Riding, K. A. Mirzahosseini, Mohammadreza TI Particle shape effects on particle size measurement for crushed waste glass SO ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Laser diffraction; Sieves; Particle size; Particle shape; Crushed waste glass; X-ray computed tomography; Spherical harmonics ID LASER DIFFRACTION; MU-M; TOMOGRAPHY; CONCRETE; ROCKS AB Recently, narrow particle size distributions, as measured by sieve analysis, of crushed waste glass were used as a replacement for Portland cement in concrete. Their chemical reactivity was successfully studied as a function of this measure of particle size. Differences between sieve analysis and laser diffraction measures of particle size prompted this current re-analysis. Extremely careful sieving was used to divide the crushed waste glass particles into 0-25 mu m, 25-38 mu m, and 63-75 mu m sieve size ranges, but laser diffraction did not agree with these particle size cutoffs. We use these same materials to try and understand the discrepancies between particle size as measured by laser diffraction and sieve analysis by using X-ray computed tomography followed by spherical harmonic analysis to measure the three-dimensional particle shape and size, as well as the length (L), width (W), and thickness (T) of each particle. We show how laser diffraction and X-ray CT results, along with sieve analyses, can be quantitatively related for these crushed waste glass particles in the approximate size ranges considered. In contrast to previous speculation, the particle width W does not have to correspond closely to the sieve opening - the correspondence depends on overall particle shape. In addition, we demonstrate how many particles are needed to analyze in order to achieve stable averages and distributions of the L/W, W/T, and L/T aspect ratios, which approximately define particle shape. These results have implications for how particle size is measured and interpreted in the cement and concrete and other industries. C1 [Garboczi, E. J.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Riding, K. A.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Mirzahosseini, Mohammadreza] Schwab Eaton, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Garboczi, EJ (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM edward.garboczi@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation grant [CMMI-1032636] FX This research was funded in part by the National Science Foundation grant CMMI-1032636 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8831 EI 1568-5527 J9 ADV POWDER TECHNOL JI Adv. Powder Technol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 28 IS 2 BP 648 EP 657 DI 10.1016/j.apt.2016.12.002 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA EP1VP UT WOS:000397172700035 ER PT J AU Liu, J Davanco, MI Sapienza, L Konthasinghe, K De Miranda Cardoso, JV Song, JD Badolato, A Srinivasan, K AF Liu, Jin Davanco, Marcelo I. Sapienza, Luca Konthasinghe, Kumarasiri De Miranda Cardoso, Jose Vinicius Song, Jin Dong Badolato, Antonio Srinivasan, Kartik TI Cryogenic photoluminescence imaging system for nanoscale positioning of single quantum emitters SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; LOCALIZATION ANALYSIS; DOTS; PHOTON; GAAS AB We report a photoluminescence imaging system for locating single quantum emitters with respect to alignment features. Samples are interrogated in a 4 K closed-cycle cryostat by a high numerical aperture (NA= 0.9, 100x magnification) objective that sits within the cryostat, enabling high efficiency collection of emitted photons without image distortions due to the cryostat windows. The locations of single InAs/GaAs quantum dots within a >50 mu m x 50 mu m field of view are determined with approximate to 4.5 nm uncertainty (one standard deviation) in a 1 s long acquisition. The uncertainty is determined through a combination of a maximum likelihood estimate for localizing the quantum dot emission, and a cross correlation method for determining the alignment mark center. This location technique can be an important step in the high-throughput creation of nanophotonic devices that rely upon the interaction of highly confined optical modes with single quantum emitters. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Liu, Jin; Davanco, Marcelo I.; Sapienza, Luca; De Miranda Cardoso, Jose Vinicius; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Jin] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Jin] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Phys, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Sapienza, Luca] Univ Southampton, Dept Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Konthasinghe, Kumarasiri] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [De Miranda Cardoso, Jose Vinicius] Univ Fed Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil. [Song, Jin Dong] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Optoelect Mat & Devices Res, Seoul 136791, South Korea. [Badolato, Antonio] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Liu, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Liu, J (reprint author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Phys, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM liujin23@mail.sysu.edu.cn; marcelo.davanco@nist.gov; kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2016YFA0301300]; University of Maryland; NIST-CNST [70NANB10H193]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [11304102]; Brazilian Ministry of Education through the Brazilian Scientific Mobility Program CAPES [88888.037310/2013-00]; KIST Internal Program of flag-ship [2E26420] FX J.L. acknowledges support under the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0301300), the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and NIST-CNST, Award No. 70NANB10H193, and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11304102). J.V.D.M.C. acknowledges funding from the Brazilian Ministry of Education through the Brazilian Scientific Mobility Program CAPES-Grant No. 88888.037310/2013-00. J.D.S. acknowledges supports from the KIST Internal Program of flag-ship (No. 2E26420). The authors thank J.A. Liddle from NIST for introduction to the cross correlation method for alignment mark detection, and Kerry Neal and Caleb Schreibeis from Montana Instruments for assistance with the cryostat system. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 88 IS 2 AR 023116 DI 10.1063/1.4976578 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA EN3IR UT WOS:000395902700016 ER PT J AU Ryger, I Harber, D Stephens, M White, M Tomlin, N Spidell, M Lehman, J AF Ryger, Ivan Harber, Dave Stephens, Michelle White, Malcolm Tomlin, Nathan Spidell, Matthew Lehman, John TI Noise characteristics of thermistors: Measurement methods and results of selected devices SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID 1/F NOISE AB As part of the development of a spectrally uniform room-temperature absolute radiometer, we have studied the electrical noise of several bulk chip thermistors in order to estimate the noise floor and optical dynamic range. Understanding the fundamental limits of the temperature sensitivity leads inevitably to studying the noise background of the complex electro-thermal system. To this end, we employ a measurement technique based on alternating current synchronous demodulation. Results of our analysis show that the combination of a low-current noise Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) preamplifier together with chip thermistors is optimal for our purpose, yielding a root mean square noise temperature of 2.8 mu Kin the frequency range of 0.01 Hz to 1 Hz. C1 [Ryger, Ivan; Stephens, Michelle; White, Malcolm; Tomlin, Nathan; Spidell, Matthew; Lehman, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Harber, Dave] Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Ryger, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Tomlin, Nathan/0000-0002-8313-9045 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 88 IS 2 AR 024707 DI 10.1063/1.4976029 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA EN3IR UT WOS:000395902700043 PM 28249484 ER PT J AU Jonas, S Murtagh, W Bonadonna, M AF Jonas, Seth Murtagh, William Bonadonna, Michael TI Released for Public Comment: Space Weather Benchmarks and Operations-to-Research Plan SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT News Item AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, on behalf of the National Science and Technology Council, published two notices in the Federal Register seeking public comment on draft products from the National Space Weather Action Plan: Space weather benchmarks and an operations-to-research plan. C1 [Jonas, Seth] IDA Sci & Technol Policy Inst, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Murtagh, William] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Bonadonna, Michael] Natl Sci & Technol Council, Space Weather Operat Res & Mitigat Subcomm, Washington, DC USA. RP Jonas, S (reprint author), IDA Sci & Technol Policy Inst, Washington, DC 20006 USA. OI Bonadonna, Michael/0000-0002-7301-8784 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD FEB PY 2017 VL 15 IS 2 BP 282 EP 282 DI 10.1002/2017SW001603 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EO9GN UT WOS:000396997300003 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JV Sandberg, I Mewaldt, RA Daglis, IA Jiggens, P AF Rodriguez, J. V. Sandberg, I. Mewaldt, R. A. Daglis, I. A. Jiggens, P. TI Validation of the effect of cross-calibrated GOES solar proton effective energies on derived integral fluxes by comparison with STEREO observations SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID 14 DECEMBER 2006; SPACECRAFT; TELESCOPE; MISSION; EVENT; MODEL AB The derivation of integral fluxes from instrument coincidence rates requires accurate knowledge of their effective energies. Recent cross calibrations of GOES with the high-energy-resolution Interplanetary Monitoring Platform (IMP) 8 Goddard Medium Energy Experiment (GME) (Sandberg et al., Geophys. Res. Lett, 41, 4435, 2014a) gave significantly lower effective energies than those currently used by the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center to calculate solar proton integral fluxes from GOES rates. This implies systematically lower integral fluxes than currently produced. This paper quantifies the differences between the current and the cross-calibrated GOES integral fluxes and validates the latter. Care is taken to rule out the spectral resolution of the measurements or different integration algorithms as major contributors to differences in the magnitudes of the derived integral fluxes. The lower effective energies are validated by comparison with the independent, high-resolution observations by the STEREO Low-Energy Telescope (LET) and High-Energy Telescope (HET) during the December 2006 solar proton events. The current GOES product is similar to the > 10 MeV integral fluxes recalculated by using the Sandberg et al. [2014a] effective energies but is substantially greater at higher energies. (The median ratios of the current to the recalculated fluxes are 1.1 at > 10 MeV, 1.7 at > 30 MeV, 2.1 at > 60 MeV, and 2.9 at > 100 MeV.) By virtue of this validation, the crosscalibrated GOES integral fluxes should be considered more accurate than the current NOAA product. The results of this study also demonstrate good consistency between the two long-term IMP 8 GME and STEREO LET and HET solar proton data sets. C1 [Rodriguez, J. V.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rodriguez, J. V.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sandberg, I.; Daglis, I. A.] Inst Accelerating Syst & Applicat, Athens, Greece. [Sandberg, I.; Daglis, I. A.] Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Athens, Greece. [Mewaldt, R. A.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Jiggens, P.] European Space Agcy, European Res & Technol Ctr, Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Rodriguez, JV (reprint author), Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Rodriguez, JV (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM juan.rodriguez@noaa.gov OI RODRIGUEZ, JUAN/0000-0002-6847-4136 FU GOES-R program; NOAA; NSF [AGS-1024701]; ESA/ESTEC [4000112863/14/NL/HB]; NASA [NNX11AO75G, 00008864, NNX15AG09G] FX The work at CIRES was supported in part by the GOES-R program through the Cooperative Agreement with NOAA, and in part by NSF award AGS-1024701 to the University of Colorado. Part of this work was supported by ESA/ESTEC through contract 4000112863/14/NL/HB in the framework of HERMES project. The work at Caltech was supported by NASA under grant NNX11AO75G, and subcontract 00008864 of grant NNX15AG09G. The SEPEM RDS v2.0 is available for download at http://dev.sepem.oma.be/help/SEPEM_RDS_v200.zip. The GOES data are available from the National Centers for Environmental Information at http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/satellite/goes/dataaccess.html. The STEREO data may be requested from the authors. The OMNI data set is available from NASA's Space Physics Data Facility. We thank C. Clark for digitizing all the World Data Center A Solar-Geophysical Data and Upper Atmosphere Geophysics Reports (http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/space-weather/online-publications/stp_uag/ ) and making them readily accessible. The SWPC list of large > 10 MeV SPEs is available at ftp://ftp.swpc.noaa.gov/pub/indices/SPE.txt and at http://umbra.nascom.nasa.gov/SEP/. We thank D. Hartley for his density-plot routines and the reviewers for their constructive comments on the original manuscript. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD FEB PY 2017 VL 15 IS 2 BP 290 EP 309 DI 10.1002/2016SW001533 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EO9GN UT WOS:000396997300005 ER PT J AU Baaske, K Hale, PD Kleine-Ostmann, T Bieler, M Schrader, T AF Baaske, Kai Hale, Paul D. Kleine-Ostmann, Thomas Bieler, Mark Schrader, Thorsten TI An alternative to the geometric addition method for calculating the rise time of fast oscilloscopes and pulse generators SO TM-TECHNISCHES MESSEN LA English DT Article DE Rise time; correction factor; oscilloscopes; pulse generators; root-sum-of-squares rule ID SAMPLING OSCILLOSCOPES AB In this paper, we propose a new method for calculating the rise time of pulse generators and oscilloscopes using a correction factor. This new method is advantageous over the well known geometric rule, also known as the root-sum-of-squares (RSS) rule, because its corresponding uncertainty contribution can be estimated, whereas the uncertainty assigned to the RSS method due to systematic error is typically unknown in any given measurement scenario. In our method, the correction factor is estimated from a large set of representative classical response functions. Furthermore, the systematic error caused by the time base distortion of sampling oscilloscopes is corrected in order to reduce the uncertainty of the calibration process. C1 [Baaske, Kai; Kleine-Ostmann, Thomas] PTB, Electromagnet Fields Grp, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Baaske, Kai] PTB, Electromagnet Fields & Antenna Measuring Tech Grp, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Kleine-Ostmann, Thomas] PTB, Semicond Grp, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Bieler, Mark; Schrader, Thorsten] PTB, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Hale, Paul D.] NIST, RF Technol Div, High Speed Measurements Grp, Comm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Baaske, K (reprint author), PTB, Electromagnet Fields Grp, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.; Baaske, K (reprint author), PTB, Electromagnet Fields & Antenna Measuring Tech Grp, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. EM kai.baaske@ptb.de FU U. S. government FX Work partially supported by the U. S. government, not protected by U. S. copyright. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0171-8096 J9 TM-TECH MESS JI tm-Tech. Mess. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 84 IS 2 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.1515/teme-2016-0046 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA EO9QY UT WOS:000397024400003 ER PT J AU Zhou, X Zhong, ZD Bian, X He, RS Sun, RY Guan, K Liu, K Guo, XT AF Zhou, Xin Zhong, Zhangdui Bian, Xin He, Ruisi Sun, Ruoyu Guan, Ke Liu, Ke Guo, Xiaotao TI Measurement and Analysis of Channel Characteristics in Reflective Environments at 3.6 GHz and 14.6 GHz SO APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL LA English DT Article DE propagation measurement; comparative analysis; indoor scenario; wideband characteristics; reverberation chamber ID WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS; RADIO CHANNEL; 5G MOBILE; BAND; SCENARIOS AB Recently, high frequency bands (above 6 GHz) have attracted more attention for the next generation communication systems due to the limited frequency resources below 6 GHz. To reveal the influence of frequency on propagation channels, channel characterization results at 14.6 and 3.6 GHz bands based on measurements in an indoor scenario and in a reverberation chamber are presented. The measurement results indicate minimal differences in path loss exponents, shadow fading standard deviation, root-mean-square (RMS) delay spread and coherence bandwidth for the two frequency bands, while the path loss at 14.6 GHz band is clearly larger than that at the 3.6 GHz band. Furthermore, the underlying factors that influence the channel characteristics are investigated. It is found that the RMS delay spread is independent of the frequency in the scenario where free space propagation and/or reflection are the main mechanisms. Measurements in the reverberation chamber verify this inference. C1 [Zhou, Xin; Zhong, Zhangdui; He, Ruisi; Guan, Ke] Beijing Jiaotong Univ, State Key Lab Rail Traff Control & Safety, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Xin; Bian, Xin; Liu, Ke; Guo, Xiaotao] Natl Inst Metrol, Div Elect & Informat Technol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. [Sun, Ruoyu] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Commun Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP He, RS (reprint author), Beijing Jiaotong Univ, State Key Lab Rail Traff Control & Safety, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China. EM zhouxin@nim.ac.cn; zhdzhong@bjtu.edu.cn; bianx@nim.ac.cn; ruisi.he@bjtu.edu.cn; ruoyusun@ieee.org; kguan@bjtu.edu.cn; liuke@nim.ac.cn; guoxiaotao@nim.ac.cn OI Sun, Ruoyu/0000-0002-0985-0349 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [61501020, 61501021]; State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety [RCS2016ZJ005, RCS2016ZJ004]; National Key Technology RD Program [2014BAK02B05]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2016JBZ006, 2016JBM075]; Fundamental Funds of National Institute of Metrology [27-AKY1507, 27-ANL604]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2016M591355] FX The authors would like to thank Andreas Molisch for valuable guidance with regard to the antenna influence on channel characteristics. The authors also thank Donglin Meng and Xiao Liu for their assistance during the revision stage. This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61501020 and 61501021, by the State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety under Grant RCS2016ZJ005 and RCS2016ZJ004, by the National Key Technology R&D Program under Grant 2014BAK02B05, by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grants 2016JBZ006 and 2016JBM075, by the Fundamental Funds of National Institute of Metrology under Grant 27-AKY1507 and 27-ANL604, and by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant 2016M591355. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2076-3417 J9 APPL SCI-BASEL JI Appl. Sci.-Basel PD FEB PY 2017 VL 7 IS 2 AR 165 DI 10.3390/app7020165 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA EM7KC UT WOS:000395488900057 ER PT J AU Araujo, MLV Mendes, CRB Tavano, VM Garcia, CAE Baringer, MO AF Vieira Araujo, Milton Luiz Borges Mendes, Carlos Rafael Tavano, Virginia Maria Eiras Garcia, Carlos Alberto Baringer, Molly O'Neil TI Contrasting patterns of phytoplankton pigments and chemotaxonomic groups along 30 degrees S in the subtropical South Atlantic Ocean SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE CLIVAR; Phytoplankton community structure; Biogeochemical provinces; HPLC; CHEMTAX ID DEEP CHLOROPHYLL MAXIMUM; PLATA MARITIME FRONT; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SURFACE PHYTOPLANKTON; MERIDIONAL TRANSECT; SIZE-STRUCTURE; PROCHLOROCOCCUS ECOTYPES; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; EASTERN BOUNDARY AB This work describes the spatial distribution of pigments and main taxonomic groups of phytoplankton in the biogeochemical provinces of the subtropical South Atlantic Ocean, along 30 degrees S latitude. Seawater samples (surface to 200 m depth) were collected along 120 oceanographic stations occupied in the early austral spring of 2011, during a CLIVAR Repeat Hydrography cruise. The pigments were identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and CHEMTAX software was used to determine the relative contributions of the main taxonomic groups to total chlorophyll a (phytoplankton biomass index). Sampling stations were grouped into three provinces: Africa, Gyre, and Brazil, corresponding to the eastern, central, and western sectors of the transect, respectively. Our results showed that both vertical and horizontal distribution patterns of pigments and taxonomic groups were mainly determined by the availability of light and/or nutrients. Photosynthetic carotenoids (PSCs), associated with small flagellates (mainly haptophytes), dominated the light limited and nutrient-enhanced deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) layers of both the Brazil and Gyre provinces, as well as the upwelling influenced surface waters of the Africa province. The latter showed the highest chlorophyll a values (> 1 mg m(-3)) and abundance of dinoflagellates in the coastal region. Photoprotective carotenoids (PPCs) were predominant in the nutrient-poor and well-lit surface layers of the Brazil and Gyre provinces, associated with a low content of chlorophyll a (similar to 0.1 mg m(-3)) and dominance of prokaryotes (Synechoccocus and Prochloroccocus). This study demonstrates that pigment analysis can provide a useful approach to better understand the distribution of phytoplankton communities along physical-chemical gradients in a still undersampled region of the South Atlantic Ocean. C1 [Vieira Araujo, Milton Luiz; Borges Mendes, Carlos Rafael; Tavano, Virginia Maria; Eiras Garcia, Carlos Alberto] Univ Fed Rio Grande, FURG, Inst Oceanog, BR-96203900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. [Baringer, Molly O'Neil] NOAA, Atlant Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Araujo, MLV (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio Grande, FURG, Inst Oceanog, BR-96203900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. EM araujomlv@gmail.com FU Brazilian Antarctic Program (PROANTAR); Brazilian Ministry of the Environment; Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI); Council for Research and Scientific Development of Brazil (CNPq); NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; CAPES Foundation FX This study is a contribution to the activities of the Brazilian High Latitudes Oceanography Group (GOAL). GOAL has been funded by the Brazilian Antarctic Program (PROANTAR), the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment (MMA), the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI) and the Council for Research and Scientific Development of Brazil (CNPq). We thank captain and crew of the RV Ronald H. Brown and the NSF/NOAA-funded U.S. CLIVAR Repeat Hydrography Program (funding provided by the NOAA Climate Program Office and the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory). We are very grateful to Simon Wright, from the Australian Antarctic Division, for providing CHEMTAX v.1.95, and to Luciano Azevedo for collecting all optical data and seawater samples for pigments analysis. M. L.V. Araujo and C.R.B. Mendes acknowledge financial support from the CAPES Foundation (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel). We are thankful for the constructive criticism of two anonymous reviewers, which helped to improve the manuscript. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 120 BP 112 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2016.12.004 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EL1TN UT WOS:000394404100010 ER PT J AU Rydbeck, AV Maloney, ED Alaka, GJ AF Rydbeck, Adam V. Maloney, Eric D. Alaka, Ghassan J., Jr. TI In Situ Initiation of East Pacific Easterly Waves in a Regional Model SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTHWESTERN SOUTH-AMERICA; ATLANTIC TROPICAL SYSTEMS; INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; SYNOPTIC-SCALE DISTURBANCES; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; NORTH PACIFIC; PART II; DIURNAL PATTERNS; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS AB The in situ generation of easterly waves (EWs) in the east Pacific (EPAC) is investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The sensitivity of the model to the suppression of EW forcing by locally generated convective disturbances is examined. Specifically, local forcing of EWs is removed by reducing the terrain height in portions of Central and South America to suppress robust sources of diurnal convective variability, most notably in the Panama Bight. High terrain contributes to the initiation of mesoscale convective systems in the early morning that propagate westward into the EPAC warm pool. When such mesoscale convective systems are suppressed in the model, EW variance is significantly reduced. This result suggests that EPAC EWs can be generated locally in association with higher-frequency convective disturbances, and these disturbances are determined to be an important source of EPAC EW variability. However, EPAC EW variability is not completely eliminated in such sensitivity experiments, indicating the importance for other sources of EW forcing, namely, EWs propagating into the EPAC from West Africa. Examination of the EW vorticity budget in the model suggests that nascent waves are zonally elongated and amplified by horizontal advection and vertical stretching of vorticity. Changes in the mean state between the control run and simulation with reduced terrain height also complicate interpretation of the results. C1 [Rydbeck, Adam V.; Maloney, Eric D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Alaka, Ghassan J., Jr.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Alaka, Ghassan J., Jr.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Rydbeck, Adam V.] US Naval Res Lab, Ocean Sci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Rydbeck, AV (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.; Rydbeck, AV (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ocean Sci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM adam.rydbeck@gmail.com RI Maloney, Eric/A-9327-2008 OI Maloney, Eric/0000-0002-2660-2611 FU NOAA Climate Program Office Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections [NA12OAR4310077]; Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics Program of the National Science Foundation [AGS-1347738] FX The authors wish to thank Richard Johnson, Thomas Birner, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions. We would like to acknowledge high-performance computing support from Yellowstone (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. This work was supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections under Contract NA12OAR4310077 and by the Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics Program of the National Science Foundation under Grant AGS-1347738. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations do not necessarily reflect the views of NSF, NOAA, or the Department of Commerce. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 74 IS 2 BP 333 EP 351 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-16-0124.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EL0VY UT WOS:000394341100002 ER PT J AU Munsell, EB Zhang, FQ Sippel, JA Braun, SA Weng, YH AF Munsell, Erin B. Zhang, Fuqing Sippel, Jason A. Braun, Scott A. Weng, Yonghui TI Dynamics and Predictability of the Intensification of Hurricane Edouard (2014) SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; INITIAL CONDITION SENSITIVITY; PERMITTING ENSEMBLE ANALYSIS; TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; RAPID INTENSIFICATION; STORM MOTION; BONNIE 1998; PART II; CONVECTION AB The dynamics and predictability of the intensification of Hurricane Edouard (2014) are explored through a 60-member convection-permitting ensemble initialized with an ensemble Kalman filter that assimilates dropsondes collected during NASA's Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) investigation. The 126-h forecasts are initialized when Edouard was designated as a tropical depression and include Edouard's near-rapid intensification (RI) from a tropical storm to a strong category-2 hurricane. Although the deterministic forecast was very successful and many members correctly forecasted Edouard's intensification, there was significant spread in the timing of intensification among the members of the ensemble. Utilizing composite groups created according to the near-RI-onset times of the members, it is shown that, for increasing magnitudes of deep-layer shear, RI onset is increasingly delayed; intensification will not occur once a critical shear threshold is exceeded. Although the timing of intensification varies by as much as 48 h, a decrease in shear is observed across the intensifying composite groups similar to 6-12 h prior to RI. This decrease in shear is accompanied by a reduction in vortex tilt, as the precession and subsequent alignment process begins similar to 24-48 h prior to RI. Sensitivity experiments reveal that some of the variation in RI timing can be attributed to differences in initial intensity, as the earliest-developing members have the strongest initial vortices regardless of their environment. Significant sensitivity and limited predictability exists for members with weaker initial vortices and/or that are embedded in less conducive environments, under which the randomness of moist convective processes and minute initial differences distant from the surface center can produce divergent forecasts. C1 [Munsell, Erin B.; Zhang, Fuqing; Weng, Yonghui] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Munsell, Erin B.; Zhang, Fuqing; Weng, Yonghui] Penn State Univ, Ctr Adv Data Assimilat & Predictabil Tech, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sippel, Jason A.] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. [Sippel, Jason A.] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Braun, Scott A.] NASA, Lab Mesoscale Atmospher Proc, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Zhang, FQ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.; Zhang, FQ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Ctr Adv Data Assimilat & Predictabil Tech, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM fzhang@psu.edu FU NASA New Investigator Program [NNX12AJ79G]; Office of Naval Research [N000140910526]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1305798]; NASA's Hurricane Science Research Program (HSRP); Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) investigation under NASA's Earth Venture Program FX This work is supported by the NASA New Investigator Program (Grant NNX12AJ79G), the Office of Naval Research (Grant N000140910526), the National Science Foundation (Grant AGS-1305798), and NASA's Hurricane Science Research Program (HSRP) and the Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) investigation under NASA's Earth Venture Program. Computing was performed at the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC). NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 74 IS 2 BP 573 EP 595 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-16-0018.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EL0VY UT WOS:000394341100015 ER PT J AU Hall, JL AF Hall, John L. TI Why it took so long for the laser and the optical comb to be invented: the unmarked trail from concept to experimental reality [Invited] SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID DOUBLE-QUANTUM PHOTODETACHMENT; FREQUENCY-MEASUREMENT; SPECTROSCOPY; GAS; DISPERSION; GENERATION AB It is interesting to try to understand the rate-limiting processes in scientific and technical research and applications. In this invited paper, I use data about the introduction of the maser, the laser, and the optical comb to see if unnecessary delays can be identified. The general result is that it all depends-on circumstances and breadth of awareness, and luck! (C) 2017 Optical Society of America C1 [Hall, John L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hall, John L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hall, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Hall, JL (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jhall@jila.colorado.edu NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 34 IS 2 BP 338 EP 346 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.34.000338 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA EK6IN UT WOS:000394028400017 ER PT J AU Smallwood, CL Autry, TM Cundiff, ST AF Smallwood, Christopher L. Autry, Travis M. Cundiff, Steven T. TI Analytical solutions to the finite-pulse Bloch model for multidimensional coherent spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; PEPTIDES; EXCITONS; PARTICLE AB We present perturbative analytical solutions to the optical Bloch equations at third order, with finite duration Gaussian pulse envelopes. We find that a given double-sided Feynman diagram in this approximation can be conveniently described in the frequency domain as a product of the expression in the impulsive limit and a finite-pulse factor. Finite-pulse effects are Feynman-diagram-dependent, however, and include nontrivial phase corrections that can occur even in the case of transform-limited pulses. The results constitute a practical framework for modeling phenomena in multidimensional coherent spectroscopy that cannot easily be captured in the impulsive limit, including the roles of bandwidth, resonance, and pulse chirp. C1 [Smallwood, Christopher L.; Autry, Travis M.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Smallwood, Christopher L.; Autry, Travis M.; Cundiff, Steven T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Autry, Travis M.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Cundiff, ST (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM cundiff@umich.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [1125844] FX National Science Foundation (NSF) (1125844). NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 34 IS 2 BP 419 EP 429 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.34.000419 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA EK6IN UT WOS:000394028400027 ER PT J AU Maier, AM Bae, W Schiffels, D Emmerig, JF Schiff, M Liedl, T AF Maier, Alexander Mario Bae, Wooli Schiffels, Daniel Emmerig, Johannes Friedrich Schiff, Maximilian Liedl, Tim TI Self-Assembled DNA Tubes Forming Helices of Controlled Diameter and Chirality SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE DNA nanotechnology; DNA self-assembly; helical nanotubes; chirality; protein filament mimics ID NANOSCALE SHAPES; ENERGY-TRANSFER; FOLDING DNA; NANOTUBES; DESIGN; PROPULSION; ACTUATORS; BUNDLES AB Multihelical DNA bundles could enhance the functionality of nanomaterials and serve as model architectures to mimic protein filaments on the molecular and cellular level. We report the self-assembly of micrometer-sized helical DNA nanotubes with widely controllable helical diameters ranging from tens of nanometers to a few micrometers. Nanoscale helical shapes of DNA tile tubes (4-, 6-, 8-, 10-, and 12-helix tile tubes) are achieved by introducing discrete amounts of bending and twist through base pair insertions and/or deletions. Microscale helical diameters, which require smaller amounts of twist and bending, are achieved by controlling the intrinsic "supertwist" present in tile tubes with uneven number of helices (11-, 13-, and 15-helix tile tubes). Supertwist fine-tuning also allows us to produce helical nanotubes of defined chirality. C1 [Liedl, Tim] LMU, Fac Phys, Geschwister Scholl Pl 1, D-80539 Munich, Germany. LMU, Ctr NanoSci, Geschwister Scholl Pl 1, Munich, Germany. [Schiffels, Daniel] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schiffels, Daniel] Univ Maryland, Maryl & Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Liedl, T (reprint author), LMU, Fac Phys, Geschwister Scholl Pl 1, D-80539 Munich, Germany. EM tim.liedl@physik.lmu.de FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB 1032]; NanoSystems Initiative Munich (NIM); Center for Nanoscience (CeNS); ERC [336440] FX We thank Susanne Kempter for experimental support. This project was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft via Project A06 within the SFB 1032 "Nanoagents for Spatiotemporal Control of Molecular and Cellular Reactions", the NanoSystems Initiative Munich (NIM), the Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), and the ERC grant agreement no. 336440 for ORCA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD FEB PY 2017 VL 11 IS 2 BP 1301 EP 1306 DI 10.1021/acsnano.6b05602 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA EM5NC UT WOS:000395357300021 PM 28125777 ER PT J AU Pierrot, D Millero, FJ AF Pierrot, Denis Millero, Frank J. TI The Speciation of Metals in Natural Waters SO AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Metals; Natural Waters; Speciation; Complexes ID CHEMICAL-EQUILIBRIUM MODEL; HIGHER-ORDER TERMS; ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; MINERAL SOLUBILITIES; RARE-EARTH; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; IONIC-STRENGTH; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; PITZERS EQUATIONS; HEAT-CAPACITIES AB The equilibria and rates of reactions of trace metals in natural waters are affected by their speciation or the form of the metal in the solution phase. Many workers have shown, for example, that biological uptake (Anderson and Morel in Limnol Oceanogr 27:789-813, 1982), the toxicity (Sunda and Ferguson in Trace metals in seawater, Plenum Press, New York, 1983) as well as the solubility (Millero et al. in Mar Chem 50:21-39, 1995; Liu and Millero in Geochim Cosmochim Acta 63:3487-3497, 1999) are affected by the speciation. For example, Fe(II) and Mn(II) are biologically available for marine organisms, while Fe(III) and Mn(IV) are normally not available. The speciation of metals also affects the rates of oxidation (Millero in Geochim Cosmochim Acta 49:547-553, 1985, Res Trends Curr Top Sol Chem 1:141-169, 1994; Sharma and Millero in Geochim Cosmochim Acta 53:2269-2276, 1989; Vazquez et al. in Geophys Res Lett 16:1363-1366, 1989) and reduction (Res Trends Curr Top Sol Chem 1:141-169, 1994; Millero et al. in Mar Chem 36:71-83, 1991) of metals in natural waters. The ionic interactions of metals are controlled by interactions with inorganic (Cl-, OH-, CO3 (2-), etc.) and organic ligands (e.g., Fulvic and Humic acids). The speciation of metals is also affected by the oxidation potential (Eh) and the pH in the solution. In this paper we have developed a Pitzer Model (Pitzer in J Phys Chem 77:268-277, 1973, Activity coefficients in electrolyte solutions, 2nd edn, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1991) that can be used to determine the speciation of trace metals in seawater and other natural waters. It is based upon the Miami Pitzer Model (Millero and Pierrot in Aquatic Geochem 4:153-199, 1998) that has been shown to predict reliable activity coefficients for the major components of seawater. The computer code (Pierrot in Ph.D. Thesis, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 2002) for these calculations is described in detail, in this paper. It has been used in an earlier paper (Millero and Pierrot in Chemistry of marine water and sediments, Springer, Berlin, 2002) and more recently used to examine the effect of pH on the speciation of metals in seawater (Millero et al. in Oceanography 22(4):72-85, 2009). C1 [Pierrot, Denis] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Pierrot, Denis] NOAA, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Millero, Frank J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Millero, FJ (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM fmillero@rsmas.miami.edu FU Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA10OAR4320143]; National Science Foundation [1436748] FX This research was carried out under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, cooperative agreement #NA10OAR4320143. The authors wish to acknowledge as well the support from the National Science Foundation under Grant #1436748 for supporting our Marine Chemistry studies. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1380-6165 EI 1573-1421 J9 AQUAT GEOCHEM JI Aquat. Geochem. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1007/s10498-016-9292-4 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EK9NE UT WOS:000394250400001 ER PT J AU Kille, N Baidar, S Handley, P Ortega, I Sinreich, R Cooper, OR Hase, F Hannigan, JW Pfister, G Volkamer, R AF Kille, Natalie Baidar, Sunil Handley, Philip Ortega, Ivan Sinreich, Roman Cooper, Owen R. Hase, Frank Hannigan, James W. Pfister, Gabriele Volkamer, Rainer TI The CU mobile Solar Occultation Flux instrument: structure functions and emission rates of NH3, NO2 and C2H6 SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID CITY METROPOLITAN-AREA; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; CATTLE FEEDLOTS; ETHANE C2H6; AIR-QUALITY; FTIR; GAS AB We describe the University of Colorado mobile Solar Occultation Flux instrument (CU mobile SOF). The instrument consists of a digital mobile solar tracker that is coupled to a Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) of 0.5 cm (-1) resolution and a UV-visible spectrometer (UV-vis) of 0.55 nm resolution. The instrument is used to simultaneously measure the absorption of ammonia (NH3 /, ethane (C2H6 /and nitrogen dioxide (NO2 /along the direct solar beam from a moving laboratory. These direct-sun observations provide high photon flux and enable measurements of vertical column densities (VCDs) with geometric air mass factors, high temporal resolution of 2 s and spatial resolution of 5-19 m. It is shown that the instrument line shape (ILS) of the FTS is independent of the azimuth and elevation angle pointing of the solar tracker. Further, collocated measurements next to a high-resolution FTS at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (HR-NCAR-FTS) show that the CU mobile SOF measurements of NH3 and C2H6 are precise and accurate; the VCD error at high signal to noise ratio is 2-7 %. During the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Experiment (FRAPPE) from 21 July to 3 September 2014 in Colorado, the CU mobile SOF instrument measured median (minimum, maxi-mum) VCDs of 4.3 (0.5, 45) x 10(16) molecules cm (-2) NH3, 0.30 (0.06, 2.23) x 10(16) molecules cm (-2) NO2 and 3.5 (1.5, 7.7) x 10(16) molecules cm (-2) C2H6. All gases were detected in larger 95% of the spectra recorded in urban, semi-polluted rural and remote rural areas of the Colorado Front Range. We calculate structure functions based on VCDs, which describe the variability of a gas column over distance, and find the largest variability for NH3. The structure functions suggest that currently available satellites resolve about 10% of the observed NH3 and NO2 VCD variability in the study area. We further quantify the trace gas emission fluxes of NH3 and C2H6 and production rates of NO2 from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO) using the mass balance method, i. e., the closed-loop vector integral of the VCD times wind speed along the drive track. Excellent reproducibility is found for NH3 fluxes and also, to a lesser extent, NO2 production rates on 2 consecutive days; for C2H6 the fluxes are affected by variable upwind conditions. Average emission factors were 12.0 and 11.4 gNH3 h (-1) head (-1) at 30 degrees C for feedlots with a combined capacity for similar to 54 000 cattle and a dairy farm of similar to 7400 cattle; the pooled rate of 11.8 +/- 2.0 gNH(3) h (-1) head (-1) is compatible with the upper range of literature values. At this emission rate the NH3 source from cattle in Weld County, CO ( 535 766 cattle), could be underestimated by a factor of 2-10. CAFO soils are found to be a significant source of NOx .The NOx source accounts for similar to 1.2% of the N flux in NH3 and has the potential to add similar to 10% to the overall NO x emissions in Weld County and double the NO x source in remote areas. This potential of CAFO to influence ambient NOx concentrations on the regional scale is relevant because O-3 formation is NOx sensitive in the Colorado Front Range. Emissions of NH3 and NOx are relevant for the photochemical O-3 and secondary aerosol formation. C1 [Kille, Natalie; Volkamer, Rainer] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci ATOC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kille, Natalie; Baidar, Sunil; Handley, Philip; Ortega, Ivan; Volkamer, Rainer] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Baidar, Sunil; Handley, Philip; Ortega, Ivan; Sinreich, Roman; Volkamer, Rainer] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cooper, Owen R.] NOAA, CSD, Boulder, CO USA. [Hase, Frank] KIT, IMK ASF, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Hannigan, James W.; Pfister, Gabriele] NCAR, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab ACOM, Boulder, CO USA. [Baidar, Sunil; Handley, Philip] NOAA CSD, Boulder, CO USA. [Ortega, Ivan] NCAR ACOM, Boulder, CO USA. RP Volkamer, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci ATOC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Volkamer, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Volkamer, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rainer.volkamer@colorado.edu RI Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; FU Colorado Department for Public Health and Environment (CDPHE); State of Colorado [14 FAA 64390]; National Science Foundation (NSF) EAGER grant [AGS-1452317]; CIRES Energy Initiative seed grant; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; KIT. NCAR - NSF; CIRES graduate fellowship; KIT Distinguished International Scholar award FX Financial support from Colorado Department for Public Health and Environment (CDPHE), State of Colorado contract 14 FAA 64390 and National Science Foundation (NSF) EAGER grant AGS-1452317 is gratefully acknowledged. The solar tracker was developed with support from a CIRES Energy Initiative seed grant. The authors thank Daniel Bon from CDPHE for providing the inventory of feedlot capacities during FRAPPE, Eric Nussbaumer for the SFIT4 software, Melanie Follette-Cook for sharing code and helpful discussions, and Tom Ryerson for coordinating research drives. Natalie Kille is recipient of a CIRES graduate fellowship. Rainer Volkamer is recipient of a KIT Distinguished International Scholar award. We acknowledge support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Open Access Publishing Fund of KIT. NCAR is sponsored by the NSF. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 10 IS 1 BP 373 EP 392 DI 10.5194/amt-10-373-2017 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM1PB UT WOS:000395088400001 ER PT J AU Gigault, J Mignard, E El Hadri, H Grassl, B AF Gigault, Julien Mignard, Emmanuel El Hadri, Hind Grassl, Bruno TI Measurement Bias on Nanoparticle Size Characterization by Asymmetric Flow Field-Flow Fractionation Using Dynamic Light-Scattering Detection SO CHROMATOGRAPHIA LA English DT Article DE Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation; Light scattering; Nanoparticles; Fullerenes; Size characterization ID FULLERENES; PARTICLES; WATER; C-60; DISPERSIONS; SUSPENSIONS; MICROSCOPY; RETENTION; DIFFUSION; MASS AB In this work, we highlight the influence of the particle-particle interaction on the retention behavior in asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (A4F) and the misunderstanding considering the size determination by a light-scattering detector (static and dynamic light scattering) by comparing fullerene nanoparticles to similar sized polystyrene nanoparticle standards. The phenomena described here suggest that there are biases in the hydrodynamic size and diffusion determination induced by particle-particle interactions, as characterized by their virial coefficient. The dual objectives of this paper are to (1) demonstrate the uncertainties resulting from the current practice of size determination by detectors coupled to an A4F system and (2) initiate a discussion of the effects of particle-particle interactions using fullerene nanoparticles on their characterization as well as their origins. The results presented here clearly illustrate that the simple diffusion coefficient equation that is generally used to calculate the hydrodynamic size of nanoparticles (NPs) cannot be considered for whole fractograms according to their size distribution. We tried to identify particle interactions that appear during fractionation and demonstrated using the fully developed diffusion coefficient equation. We postulate that the observed interaction-dependent retention behavior may be attributed to differences in the virial coefficient between NPs and between NPs and the accumulation wall (membrane surface) without quantifying it. We hope that our results will stimulate discussion and a reassessment of the size determination procedure by A4F-LS to more fully account for all the influential material parameters that are relevant to the fractionation of nanoscale particles by A4F. C1 [Gigault, Julien] Univ Rennes 1, Lab Geosci Rennes, CNRS, Campus Beaulieu, F-35000 Rennes, France. [Mignard, Emmanuel] CNRS, LOF, UMR 5258, F-33600 Pessac, France. [El Hadri, Hind] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Grassl, Bruno] Univ Pau & Pays Adour, CNRS, UMR 5254, Helioparc,2 Ave President Angot, F-64053 Pau, France. RP Gigault, J (reprint author), Univ Rennes 1, Lab Geosci Rennes, CNRS, Campus Beaulieu, F-35000 Rennes, France. EM julien.gigault@univ-rennes1.fr FU Initiative of Excellence (IDEX Initiative) of the University of Bordeaux; French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) FX The authors wish to thank the PEPS funding program supported by the Initiative of Excellence (IDEX Initiative) of the University of Bordeaux and the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS). The authors also gratefully acknowledge Gerald Clisson for the technical support and SOLVAY. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0009-5893 EI 1612-1112 J9 CHROMATOGRAPHIA JI Chromatographia PD FEB PY 2017 VL 80 IS 2 BP 287 EP 294 DI 10.1007/s10337-017-3250-1 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA EK8DC UT WOS:000394153100011 ER PT J AU Freychet, N Duchez, A Wu, CH Chen, CA Hsu, HH Hirschi, J Forryan, A Sinha, B New, AL Graham, T Andrews, MB Tu, CY Lin, SJ AF Freychet, N. Duchez, A. Wu, C. -H. Chen, C. -A. Hsu, H. -H. Hirschi, J. Forryan, A. Sinha, B. New, A. L. Graham, T. Andrews, M. B. Tu, C. -Y. Lin, S. -J. TI Variability of hydrological extreme events in East Asia and their dynamical control: a comparison between observations and two high-resolution global climate models SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Extreme precipitation; Extremes variability; East Asia; High resolution models; Asian Monsoon ID GRIDDED PRECIPITATION DATASET; SUMMER MONSOON; TROPICAL PRECIPITATION; CMIP5 PROJECTIONS; WARMING IMPACTS; DENSE NETWORK; RAIN GAUGES; MECHANISMS; INTENSITY; SIMULATIONS AB This work investigates the variability of extreme weather events (drought spells, DS15, and daily heavy rainfall, PR99) over East Asia. It particularly focuses on the large scale atmospheric circulation associated with high levels of the occurrence of these extreme events. Two observational datasets (APHRODITE and PERSIANN) are compared with two high-resolution global climate models (HiRAM and HadGEM3-GC2) and an ensemble of other lower resolution climate models from CMIP5. We first evaluate the performance of the high resolution models. They both exhibit good skill in reproducing extreme events, especially when compared with CMIP5 results. Significant differences exist between the two observational datasets, highlighting the difficulty of having a clear estimate of extreme events. The link between the variability of the extremes and the large scale circulation is investigated, on monthly and interannual timescales, using composite and correlation analyses. Both extreme indices DS15 and PR99 are significantly linked to the low level wind intensity over East Asia, i.e. the monsoon circulation. It is also found that DS15 events are strongly linked to the surface temperature over the Siberian region and to the land-sea pressure contrast, while PR99 events are linked to the sea surface temperature anomalies over the West North Pacific. These results illustrate the importance of the monsoon circulation on extremes over East Asia. The dependencies on of the surface temperature over the continent and the sea surface temperature raise the question as to what extent they could affect the occurrence of extremes over tropical regions in future projections. C1 [Freychet, N.; Wu, C. -H.; Chen, C. -A.; Hsu, H. -H.; Tu, C. -Y.] Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Changes, Taipei 105, Taiwan. [Duchez, A.; Hirschi, J.; Forryan, A.; Sinha, B.; New, A. L.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Graham, T.; Andrews, M. B.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Lin, S. -J.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Freychet, N (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Changes, Taipei 105, Taiwan. EM nfreychet@gate.sinica.edu.tw FU Consortium for Climate Change Study (CCliCS) - Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan [MOST 100-2119-M-001-029-MY5]; UK-China Research and Innovation Partnership Fund through Met Office Climate Science for Service Partnership (CSSP) China as part of the Newton Fund FX This work was supported by the Consortium for Climate Change Study (CCliCS) - Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan, under Grant MOST 100-2119-M-001-029-MY5, and by the UK-China Research and Innovation Partnership Fund through the Met Office Climate Science for Service Partnership (CSSP) China as part of the Newton Fund. We are grateful for the National Center for High-performance Computing (NCHC) for computer time and facilities. We deeply thank the two anonymous reviewers that helped us to build a stronger paper. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 48 IS 3-4 BP 745 EP 766 DI 10.1007/s00382-016-3108-5 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EK8CC UT WOS:000394150500003 ER PT J AU Sun, XJ Wang, PX Wang, JXL AF Sun, X. J. Wang, P. X. Wang, J. X. L. TI An assessment of the atmospheric centers of action in the northern hemisphere winter SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric centers of action; General circulation; Permanent or semi-permanent atmospheric activity centers; Sea level pressure; Climate anomalies; Teleconnections ID ICELANDIC LOW; PRESSURE SYSTEM; CLIMATE CHANGES; ALEUTIAN LOW; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; GULF; PRECIPITATION; ANTICYCLONE; POSITION AB In the northern hemisphere, there are six permanent or semi-permanent atmospheric activity centers, namely the Icelandic Low, Aleutian Low, India Low, Mongolia High, North Pacific High, and North Atlantic High. The first four are semi-permanent action centers and the last two are permanent circulation systems. The India Low exists only during the summer. By using 160 years (1850-2009) of monthly mean sea level pressure data from the Hadley Centre in the UK, we conduct a comprehensive study of the five boreal winter atmospheric centers of action (ACAs). Based on a unified definition and a method determined in previous studies, we calculate the indices of areal coverage (S), intensity (P), and position of action center (lambda (c), phi (c)) for each of these five ACAs. Through an in-depth analysis of these indices and their relationships with climate variables, we evaluate the indices by describing and explaining areal climate anomalies, particularly precipitation and temperature anomalies in China. We show that (1) ACAs significantly influence the climate anomalies of surrounding areas (2) the influences of oceanic ACAs are larger and the intensity anomalies of ACAs have a greater impact than their location displacement, and (3) ACAs exert more control on temperature than they do on precipitation. For the two ACAs over the north Atlantic, the impacts of their intensities on the anomalies of temperature and precipitation are similar. For the two ACAs over the north Pacific, their influences are almost the opposite. The most influential ACA for climate anomalies in China during the boreal winter is HMO. When HMO is stronger, China has a colder winter and it is wetter in the north. With stronger ACAs in the upstream, i.e., the Icelandic Low and North Atlantic High, northern China has a warmer winter. The ACAs over the north Pacific exert little influence on climate anomalies in China during winter. The analyses presented in this paper provide a set of useful indices for defining and describing ACAs, and they suggest insightful applications for these indices. C1 [Sun, X. J.; Wang, P. X.] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Joint Int Res Lab Climate & Environm Change ILCEC, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster,Minist Educ KLME, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wang, J. X. L.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Wang, JXL (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM julian.wang@noaa.gov NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 48 IS 3-4 BP 1031 EP 1047 DI 10.1007/s00382-016-3126-3 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EK8CC UT WOS:000394150500019 ER PT J AU Cannon, F Carvalho, LMV Jones, C Hoell, A Norris, J Kiladis, GN Tahir, AA AF Cannon, Forest Carvalho, Leila M. V. Jones, Charles Hoell, Andrew Norris, Jesse Kiladis, George N. Tahir, Adnan A. TI The influence of tropical forcing on extreme winter precipitation in the western Himalaya SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Extreme precipitation events; Tropical forcing; Karakoram; Madden-Julian oscillation; El Nino southern oscillation ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; CENTRAL-SOUTHWEST ASIA; KARAKORAM HIMALAYA; TIBETAN PLATEAU; SNOW COVER; EL-NINO; CIRCULATION; VARIABILITY; TELECONNECTIONS; DISTURBANCES AB Within the Karakoram and western Himalaya (KH), snowfall from winter westerly disturbances (WD) maintains the region's snowpack and glaciers, which melt seasonally to sustain water resources for downstream populations. WD activity and subsequent precipitation are influenced by global atmospheric variability and tropical-extratropical interactions. On interannual time-scales, El Nio related changes in tropical diabatic heating induce a Rossby wave response over southwest Asia that is linked with enhanced dynamical forcing of WD and available moisture. Consequently, extreme orographic precipitation events are more frequent during El Nio than La Nia or neutral conditions. A similar spatial pattern of tropical diabatic heating is produced by the MJO at intraseasonal scales. In comparison to El Nio, the Rossby wave response to MJO activity is less spatially uniform over southwest Asia and varies on shorter time-scales. This study finds that the MJO's relationship with WD and KH precipitation is more complex than that of ENSO. Phases of the MJO propagation cycle that favor the dynamical enhancement of WD simultaneously suppress available moisture over southwest Asia, and vice versa. As a result, extreme precipitation events in the KH occur with similar frequency in most phases of the MJO, however, there is a transition in the relative importance of dynamical forcing and moisture in WD to orographic precipitation in the KH as the MJO evolves. These findings give insight into the dynamics and predictability of extreme precipitation events in the KH through their relationship with global atmospheric variability, and are an important consideration in evaluating Asia's water resources. C1 [Cannon, Forest; Carvalho, Leila M. V.; Jones, Charles] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Cannon, Forest; Carvalho, Leila M. V.; Jones, Charles; Norris, Jesse] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hoell, Andrew; Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Tahir, Adnan A.] COMSATS Inst Informat Technol, Dept Environm Sci, Islamabad, Pakistan. RP Cannon, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.; Cannon, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM fcannon@geog.ucsb.edu FU Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics Program, from the National Science Foundation (NSF award) [AGS 1116105]; NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program [13-EARTH13F-26]; Japan National Space Development Agency (NASDA); U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Office of Earth Science FX This research was supported by the Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics Program, from the National Science Foundation (NSF award-AGS 1116105) and by NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program (Grant Number 13-EARTH13F-26). The CFSR data used in this research were developed by NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and provided by NCAR. NCEP/NCAR R1 and NOAA OLR data was provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, from their website (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/). APHRO-DITE data were provided by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. TRMM data were provided by an international joint project sponsored by the Japan National Space Development Agency (NASDA) and the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Office of Earth Science. Station data was provided by the Water and Power Development Authority of Pakistan (WAPDA) and the Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD). The authors would also like to thank Dr. Elisa Palazzi and Dr. Mathew Barlow for their help on this manuscript. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 48 IS 3-4 BP 1213 EP 1232 DI 10.1007/s00382-016-3137-0 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EK8CC UT WOS:000394150500029 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Li, JY Wang, P Chen, G Mendola, P Sherman, S Ying, Q AF Zhang, Jie Li, Jingyi Wang, Peng Chen, Gang Mendola, Pauline Sherman, Seth Ying, Qi TI Estimating population exposure to ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the United States - Part I: Model development and evaluation SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE PAH; United States; CMAQ; SMOKE; Speciation profiles; Exposure; Model performance ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; SIMULATED ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS; AIR PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; CANCER-RISK; OH RADICALS; PAH CONCENTRATIONS; HYDROXYL RADICALS AB PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in the environment are of significant concern due to their negative impact on human health. PAH measurements at the air toxics monitoring network stations alone are not sufficient to provide a complete picture of ambient PAH levels or to allow accurate assessment of public exposure in the United States. In this study, speciation profiles for PAHs were prepared using data assembled from existing emission profile data bases, and the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) model was used to generate the gridded national emissions of 16 priority PAHs in the US. The estimated emissions were applied to simulate ambient concentration of PAHs for January, April, July and October 2011, using a modified Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model (v5.0.1) that treats the gas and particle phase partitioning of PAHs and their reactions in the gas phase and on particle surface. Predicted daily PAH concentrations at 61 air toxics monitoring sites generally agreed with observations, and averaging the predictions over a month reduced the overall error. The best model performance was obtained at rural sites, with an average mean fractional bias (MFB) of -0.03 and mean fractional error (MFE) of 0.70. Concentrations at suburban and urban sites were underestimated with overall MFB = -0.57 and MFE = 0.89. Predicted PAH concentrations were highest in January with better model performance (MFB = 0.12, MFE = 0.69; including all sites), and lowest in July with worse model performance (MFB = 0.90, MFE = 1.08). Including heterogeneous reactions of several PAHs with O-3 on particle surface reduced the over-prediction bias in winter, although significant uncertainties were expected due to relative simple treatment of the heterogeneous reactions in the current model. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Jie; Li, Jingyi; Wang, Peng; Chen, Gang; Ying, Qi] Texas A&M Univ, Zachary Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Mendola, Pauline] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Div Intramural Populat Hlth Res, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Sherman, Seth] Emmes Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Li, Jingyi] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Ying, Q (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Zachary Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM qying@civil.tamu.edu OI Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844 FU Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health; Air Quality and Reproductive Health [HHSN27520080 00021, HHSN27500008] FX This work was partially supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health. The data included in this paper were obtained from the Air Quality and Reproductive Health study supported through Contract No. HHSN27520080 00021, Task Order No. HHSN27500008 awarded to The EMMES Corporation. The authors have no conflicts of interests to disclose. The authors want to acknowledge the Texas A&M Supercomputing Facility (http://sc.tamu.edu) and the Texas Advanced Computing Center (http://www.tacc.utexas.edu/) for providing computing resources essential for completing the research reported in this paper. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 EI 1873-6750 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 99 BP 263 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2016.12.002 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EK6UZ UT WOS:000394062700026 PM 27988136 ER PT J AU Inaba, N Trainer, VL Onishi, Y Ishii, KI Wyllie-Echeverria, S Imai, I AF Inaba, Nobuharu Trainer, Vera L. Onishi, Yuka Ishii, Ken-Ichiro Wyllie-Echeverria, Sandy Imai, Ichiro TI Algicidal and growth-inhibiting bacteria associated with seagrass and macroalgae beds in Puget Sound, WA, USA SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Algicidal bacteria; Heterosigma; Alexandrium; Seagrass; Harmful algal blooms (HABs) ID SETO INLAND SEA; HETEROSIGMA-AKASHIWO RAPHIDOPHYCEAE; RED TIDE PHYTOPLANKTON; TANABE BAY; GYMNODINIUM MIKIMOTOI; WAKAYAMA PREFECTURE; HIROSHIMA BAY; ALGAL BLOOMS; COASTAL SEA; JAPAN AB The algicidal and growth-inhibiting bacteria associated with seagrasses and macroalgae were characterized during the summer of 2012 and 2013 throughout Puget Sound, WA, USA. In 2012, Heterosigma akashiwokilling bacteria were observed in concentrations of 2.8 x 10(6) CFU g(-1) wet in the outer organic layer (biofilm) on the common eelgrass (Zostera marina) in north Padilla Bay. Bacteria that inhibited the growth of Alexandrium tamarense were detected within the biofilm formed on the eelgrass canopy at Dumas Bay and North Bay at densities of similar to 10(8) CFU g(-1) wet weight. Additionally, up to 4100 CFU mL(-1) of algicidal and growth-inhibiting bacteria affecting both A. tamarense and H. akashiwo were detected in seawater adjacent to seven different eelgrass beds. In 2013, H. akashiwo-killing bacteria were found on Z. marina and Ulva lactuca with the highest densities of similar to 10(8) CFU g(-1) wet weight at Shallow Bay, Soda Island. Bacteria that inhibited the growth of H. akashiwo and A. tamarense were also detected on Z. marina and Z japonica at central Padilla Bay. Heterosigma akashiwo cysts were detected at a concentration of 3400 cysts g(-1) wet weight in the sediment from Westcott Bay (northern San Juan Island), a location where eelgrass disappeared in 2002. These findings provide new insights on the ecology of algicidal and growth-inhibiting bacteria, and suggest that seagrass and macroalgae provide an environment that may influence the abundance of harmful algae in this region. This work highlights the importance of protection and restoration of native seagrasses and macroalgae in nearshore environments, in particular those regions where shellfish restoration initiatives are in place to satisfy a growing demand for seafood. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Inaba, Nobuharu; Onishi, Yuka; Imai, Ichiro] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, Plankton Lab, 3-1-1 Minato Cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. [Trainer, Vera L.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Ishii, Ken-Ichiro] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Global Environm Study, Div Environm Biotechnol, Sakyo Ku, Yoshida Honmachi, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. [Wyllie-Echeverria, Sandy] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Friday Harbor Labs, 620 Univ Rd, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. [Inaba, Nobuharu] Japan Fisheries Res & Educ Agcy, Tohoku Natl Fisheries Res Inst, 3-27-5 Shinhama, Shiogama, Miyagi 9850001, Japan. [Imai, Ichiro] Univ Virgin Isl, Coll Sci & Math, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. RP Inaba, N; Imai, I (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, Plankton Lab, 3-1-1 Minato Cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan.; Trainer, VL (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.; Inaba, N (reprint author), Japan Fisheries Res & Educ Agcy, Tohoku Natl Fisheries Res Inst, 3-27-5 Shinhama, Shiogama, Miyagi 9850001, Japan. EM n_inaba84@fish.hokudai.ac.jp; Vera.L.Trainer@noaa.gov; imai1ro@fish.hokudai.ac.jp FU University of Washington Japan-US Exchange Program: E.S. Morse Institute; Hokkaido University: Grant for Research Activities Abroad FX This research was supported by the partial funding from the University of Washington Japan-US Exchange Program: E.S. Morse Institute and also Hokkaido University: Grant for Research Activities Abroad. We express sincere thanks to Dr. William Cochlan from San Francisco State University for critical advice during this research and Julian Herndon for nutrient analyses. We also like to express great appreciation to Dr. William B. Nilsson and Dr. Linda D. Rhodes from Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and Dr. Tomoko Sakami from Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan for the help with the 16S rRNA sequence analysis and for insightful comments and suggestions. Our sincere gratitude goes to Brian D. Bill (NWFSC) for help with sampling and Nicolaus Adams for assistance with manuscript editing. We appreciate the helpful comments of three anonymous reviewers.[SS] NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD FEB PY 2017 VL 62 BP 136 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2016.04.004 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EK4WY UT WOS:000393929800014 PM 28118888 ER PT J AU Ju, F Li, JS Horst, JA AF Ju, Feng Li, Jingshan Horst, John A. TI Transient Analysis of Serial Production Lines With Perishable Products: Bernoulli Reliability Model SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Bernoulli machine; perishable part; production control; residence time; settling time; transient analysis ID SYSTEM-THEORETIC PROPERTIES; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; INVENTORY SYSTEMS; DETERIORATION AB Manufacturing systems with perishable products are widely observed in practice (e.g., food industry, biochemical productions, battery and semiconductor manufacturing). In such systems, the quality of the product is highly affected by its exposure time while waiting for the next operation, i.e., the residence time of intermediate parts within the system. Such a time should be strictly limited in order to ensure the product usability. The parts that reach the maximum allowable residence time need to be scrapped, thus impeding the production. To achieve an efficient production, the time-dependent or transient analysis is important to uncover the underlying principles governing production operations. In this paper, a serial production line model with two Bernoulli reliability machines, a finite buffer and perishable products is presented to analyze the transient behavior of such systems. The analytical formulas are derived to evaluate transient performance, and structural properties are investigated to study the effect of system parameters. In addition, using the model, we address problems of settling time estimation and production control to demonstrate the importance of the proposed method for transient analysis. C1 [Ju, Feng] Arizona State Univ, Sch Comp Informat & Decis Syst Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Li, Jingshan] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Horst, John A.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ju, F (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Comp Informat & Decis Syst Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM fengju@asu.edu; jingshan@engr.wisc.edu; john.horst@nist.gov FU National Sceince Foundation [CMMI-1063656]; National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB14H260] FX This work was supported in part by the National Sceince Foundation under Grant CMMI-1063656 and in part by the National Institute of Standards and Technology under Grant 70NANB14H260. Recommended by Associate Editor L. H. Lee. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9286 EI 1558-2523 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD FEB PY 2017 VL 62 IS 2 BP 694 EP 707 DI 10.1109/TAC.2016.2572119 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA EM7RS UT WOS:000395510600013 ER PT J AU Mahboubi, H Masoudimansour, W Aghdam, AG Sayrafian-Pour, K AF Mahboubi, Hamid Masoudimansour, Walid Aghdam, Amir G. Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran TI An Energy-Efficient Target-Tracking Strategy for Mobile Sensor Networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CYBERNETICS LA English DT Article DE Energy; mobile sensors; target tracking; wireless sensor networks AB In this paper, an energy-efficient strategy is proposed for tracking a moving target in an environment with obstacles, using a network of mobile sensors. Typically, the most dominant sources of energy consumption in a mobile sensor network are sensing, communication, and movement. The proposed algorithm first divides the field into a grid of sufficiently small cells. The grid is then represented by a graph whose edges are properly weighted to reflect the energy consumption of sensors. The proposed technique searches for near-optimal locations for the sensors in different time instants to route information from the target to destination, using a shortest path algorithm. Simulations confirm the efficacy of the proposed algorithm. C1 [Mahboubi, Hamid] McGill Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 0G4, Canada. [Masoudimansour, Walid; Aghdam, Amir G.] Concordia Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. [Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mahboubi, H (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 0G4, Canada. EM hamid.mahboobi@mail.mcgill.ca; w_masou@ece.concordia.ca; aghdam@ece.concordia.ca; ksayrafian@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB8H8146] FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology under Grant 70NANB8H8146. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2168-2267 EI 2168-2275 J9 IEEE T CYBERNETICS JI IEEE T. Cybern. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 47 IS 2 BP 511 EP 523 DI 10.1109/TCYB.2016.2519939 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA EM7FF UT WOS:000395476200021 PM 26992183 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, RM AF Lindstrom, Richard M. TI Believable statements of uncertainty and believable science SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (RANC) CY APR 10-15, 2016 CL Budapest, HUNGARY DE Data quality; Uncertainty; Traceability ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; HALF-LIVES; DECAY; AU-198; AS-76; LIFE AB Nearly 50 years ago, two landmark papers appeared that should have cured the problem of ambiguous uncertainty statements in published data. Eisenhart's paper in Science called for statistically meaningful numbers, and Currie's Analytical Chemistry paper revealed the wide range in common definitions of detection limit. Confusion and worse can result when uncertainties are misinterpreted or ignored. The recent stories of cold fusion, variable radioactive decay, and piezonuclear reactions provide cautionary examples in which prior probability has been neglected. We show examples from our laboratory and others to illustrate the fact that uncertainty depends on both statistical and scientific judgment. C1 [Lindstrom, Richard M.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lindstrom, RM (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dick.lindstrom@gmail.com NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 311 IS 2 BP 1019 EP 1022 DI 10.1007/s10967-016-4912-4 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA EL0WT UT WOS:000394343200009 ER PT J AU Currie, LA AF Currie, Lloyd A. TI Detection capabilities: some historical footnotes SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (RANC) CY APR 10-15, 2016 CL Budapest, HUNGARY DE Detection capabilities; Historical perspective (1939,1989); International standards; False positive dilemma; Low-level counting and atmospheric Ar-37; (14) C-AMS and mu molar fossil/biomass carbon apportionment; Exploratory (nuclear) data analysis; Bivariate Poisson analysis ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS PROPORTIONAL COUNTER; TESTING CLOVER SEED; PULSE-SHAPE; SAMPLES; DODDER AB Part I Summary of relevant topics from 1923 to present-including: Currie (Anal Chem 40:586-593, 1968) detection concepts & capabilities; International detection & uncertainty standards; Failure of classical C-14 dating and birth of new scientific disciplines; Exploratory nuclear data analysis of Kr-85 monitors found coincident with the collapse of the Iron Curtain (1989); Faulty statistics proved responsible for mistaken assertions that Currie's L (C) yields excessive false positives; Low-level counting and AMS for atmospheric Ar-37 and A mu molar fossil/biomass carbon in the environment; Erroneous assumption that our low-level background is a Poisson Process, linked to similar to 8 % spurious anticoincidence events. Part II Exact treatment of bivariate Poisson data-solved in 1930s by Przyborowski and Wilenski, Krakow University, for detecting extreme trace amounts of a malicious contaminant (dodder) in high purity seed standards. We adapted their treatment to detection capabilities in ultra-low-level nuclear counting. The timing of their work had great historical significance, marking the start of World War II, with the invasion of Poland (1939). C1 [Currie, Lloyd A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Currie, LA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lloyd.currie@alum.mit.edu NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 311 IS 2 BP 1099 EP 1109 DI 10.1007/s10967-016-4925-z PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA EL0WT UT WOS:000394343200017 ER PT J AU Paul, RL AF Paul, Rick L. TI Prompt gamma-ray activation analysis for certification of sulfur in fuel oil SRMs SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (RANC) CY APR 10-15, 2016 CL Budapest, HUNGARY DE Prompt gamma-ray activation analysis; Cold neutrons; Thermal neutrons; Analytical chemistry; Sulfur; Fuel oils; Reference materials ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; HYDROGEN AB A combination of cold neutron prompt gamma-ray activation analysis (CNPGAA) and thermal neutron (TN) PGAA was used to determine sulfur in fuel oils to develop a method to provide values for certification. CNPGAA was used to measure S/H mass ratios, and TNPGAA to measure hydrogen mass fractions. Measurements were combined to determine sulfur mass fractions (with expanded uncertainties) of 2.159 +/- 0.072 % for SRM 1622e, 0.7066 +/- 0.0120 % for SRM 1619b, and 0.1266 +/- 0.0030 % for SRM 1617b, in agreement with certified values. The results validate the method as suitable for certification of sulfur at mass fractions >= 0.1 %. C1 [Paul, Rick L.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,STOP 8385, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Paul, RL (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,STOP 8385, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rick.paul@nist.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 311 IS 2 BP 1149 EP 1154 DI 10.1007/s10967-016-4935-x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA EL0WT UT WOS:000394343200023 ER PT J AU Turkoglu, D Downing, RG Chen, WC Sahin, D Cook, J AF Turkoglu, Danyal Downing, R. Gregory Chen, Wangchun Sahin, Dagistan Cook, Jeremy TI A He-3 beam stop for minimizing gamma-ray and fast-neutron background SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (RANC) CY APR 10-15, 2016 CL Budapest, HUNGARY DE Prompt gamma-ray activation analysis; Instrument design; Monte Carlo radiation transport; Neutron shielding; Gamma-ray background ID ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS; NIST AB Prompt gamma-ray activation analysis facilities with high neutron currents (ae10(9) s(-1)) generate triton-induced fast neutrons from Li-6-loaded collimators and beam stops at rates that damage gamma-ray detectors. We develop an alternative beam stop design using He-3 gas that produces negligible gamma-ray and fast-neutron background following neutron absorption. Replacing a Li-6 glass beam stop with a test cell containing 2.5 MPa cm of He-3 reduced fast neutron production by 73 %. An optimal He-3 beam stop design with a 100-A mu m-thick entrance window, modeled using MCNP6, enables operation of detectors closer to the beam stop. C1 [Turkoglu, Danyal; Downing, R. Gregory] NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Wangchun; Sahin, Dagistan; Cook, Jeremy] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Wangchun] Univ Maryland, Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Turkoglu, D (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM danyal.turkoglu@nist.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 311 IS 2 BP 1243 EP 1249 DI 10.1007/s10967-016-4954-7 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA EL0WT UT WOS:000394343200035 ER PT J AU Weigand, JM AF Weigand, Jonathan M. TI Component-Based Model for Single-Plate Shear Connections with Pretension and Pinched Hysteresis SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Steel; Shear tab; Connections; Robustness; Structural integrity; Disproportionate collapse; Seismic loading; Gravity framing; Force-displacement; Moment-rotation; Metal and composite structures ID MOMENT ROTATION CURVES; TAB CONNECTIONS AB Component-based connection models provide a natural framework for modeling the complex behaviors of connections under extreme loads by capturing both the individual behaviors of the connection components, such as the bolt, shear plate, and beam web, and the complex interactions between those components. Component-based models also provide automatic coupling between the in-plane flexural and axial connection behaviors, a feature that is essential for modeling the behavior of connections under column removal. This paper presents a new component-based model for single-plate shear connections that includes the effects of pretension in the bolts and provides the capability to model standard and slotted holes. The component-based models are exercised under component-level deformations calculated from the connection demands via a practical rigid-body displacement model, so that the results of the presented modeling approach remain hand-calculable. Validation cases are presented for connections subjected to both seismic and column removal loading. These validation cases show that the component-based model is capable of predicting the response of single-plate shear connections for both seismic and column removal loads. (C) 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Weigand, Jonathan M.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Weigand, JM (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jonathan.weigand@nist.gov NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 EI 1943-541X J9 J STRUCT ENG JI J. Struct. Eng. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 143 IS 2 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001662 PG 16 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA EK9QI UT WOS:000394258600018 ER PT J AU Moorthy, AS Liu, R Mazzanti, G Wesdorp, LH Marangoni, AG AF Moorthy, Arun S. Liu, Rong Mazzanti, Gianfranco Wesdorp, Leendert H. Marangoni, Alejandro G. TI Estimating Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Triglyceride Systems Using the Triglyceride Property Calculator SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Empirical modeling; Numerical simulation; Solid-liquid equilibrium; Triglyceride properties ID MONOACID TRIGLYCERIDES AB To date, the most comprehensive model for predicting thermodynamic properties of pure triglycerides was presented by Wesdorp in "Liquid-multiple solid phase equilibria in fats: theory and experiments" (1990). In this paper, we present (1) corrections to the published model, as well as (2) a software implementation of the model for numerical assessment. The software tool, Triglyceride Property Calculator (TPC), uses a semi-empirical model to estimate the enthalpy of fusion and melting temperature for a given triglyceride based on its molecular composition and polymorphic form. These estimates are compared to experimentally collected data when available. The web application is available at http://www.crcfoodandhealth.com (under research tools) and through the AOCS Lipid Library. The quality of estimates is characterized according to defined counting metrics and presented for TAG subcategories. Additionally, the extrapolative value of the TPC is assessed by checking for consistency with underlying thermodynamic constraints. The current TPC implementation is effective in describing experimentally collected melting point data, with greater than 91% of the fitted values falling within 10% of the actual data. The TPC is also very good at describing collected enthalpy data. The underlying semi-empirical model and parameter set perform well in ensuring enthalpy predictions are thermodynamically consistent, however, extrapolated melting temperatures appear unreliable. Developing models and parameter sets that ensure thermodynamic consistency is a priority with future TPC iterations. C1 [Moorthy, Arun S.; Marangoni, Alejandro G.] Univ Guelph, Dept Food Sci, Guelph, ON, Canada. [Liu, Rong; Mazzanti, Gianfranco] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Proc Engn & Appl Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Wesdorp, Leendert H.] Wesdorp R&D, Barendrecht, Netherlands. [Moorthy, Arun S.] NIST, Mass Spectrometry Data Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marangoni, AG (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Food Sci, Guelph, ON, Canada. EM amarango@uoguelph.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This research program was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 94 IS 2 BP 187 EP 199 DI 10.1007/s11746-016-2935-1 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA EK8JI UT WOS:000394169300002 ER PT J AU Dehvari, K Lin, KS Hammouda, B AF Dehvari, Khalilalrahman Lin, Kuen-Song Hammouda, Boualem TI Small-angle neutron scattering studies of microenvironmental and structural changes of Pluronic micelles upon encapsulation of paclitaxel SO JOURNAL OF THE TAIWAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Article DE Pluronic prodrug; SANS; Paclitaxel; Nanocarrier; Drug delivery system ID BLOCK-COPOLYMER MICELLES; X-RAY-SCATTERING; IN-VITRO; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER; POLYMERIC MICELLES; VIVO EVALUATION; MIXED MICELLES; BREAST-CANCER; DELIVERY; DRUG AB Pluronic micelles represent a novel type of nanocarriers that enhance the therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel (PTX) by increasing its solubility and circulation time. However, encapsulation or incorporation of a drug influences the micellar structure and subsequently alters the pharmacokinetic behavior of the drug delivery system. In this study, we investigated the structural properties of micelles after micellar solubilization of PTX. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-1 NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies showed that PTX was incorporated into the poly (propylene oxide) (PPO) blocks of the micelle cores. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was used to probe changes in the core-shell structure of Pluronic P123 micelles as a function of increasing PTX and Pluronic concentration. Model-independent analyses and cryogenic- transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) confirmed that both pure and PTX-incorporated micelles were spherical. However, an increase in PTX concentration led to a slight increase in the micellar dimension and was associated with the appearance of the larger Pluronic-drug aggregates as confirmed by evaluation of cryo-TEM images. At higher Pluronic concentration and a constant PTX concentration, the dimensions of micelles increased, most likely due to the altered hydrophobic environment promoting the interaction of PPO and poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) blocks. (C) 2016 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dehvari, Khalilalrahman; Lin, Kuen-Song] Yuan Ze Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci Environm Technol, Res Ctr, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan. [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin, KS (reprint author), Yuan Ze Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci Environm Technol, Res Ctr, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan. EM Dehvarikh@gmail.com; kslin@saturn.yzu.edu.tw; boualem.hammouda@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR 0944772] FX This work is based upon activities supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Agreement No. DMR 0944772. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-1070 EI 1876-1089 J9 J TAIWAN INST CHEM E JI J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 71 BP 405 EP 413 DI 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.11.027 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA EL9CZ UT WOS:000394918300044 ER PT J AU Zarr, RR Guthrie, WF Hay, B Koenen, A AF Zarr, Robert R. Guthrie, William F. Hay, Bruno Koenen, Alain TI Collaborative guarded-hot-plate tests between the Laboratoire national de metrologie et d'essais and the National Institute of Standards and Technology SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE expanded polystyrene; fibrous glass; guarded hot plate; interlaboratory comparison; thermal conductivity; thermal insulation; uncertainty ID EFFECTIVE AREA AB A collaborative study to compare the long-term measurement performance between guarded-hot-plate facilities at the Laboratoire national de metrologie et d'essais (LNE) in France and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in the United States is presented. Thermal conductivity data were compiled from three international comparisons organized from 1997 to 2014. Measurements were conducted in accordance with standardized test methods (ISO 8302 or ASTM C 177) over a temperature range from 280 K to 320 K. Nine thermal insulating materials (either mineral fiber or expanded polystyrene) were examined covering broad ranges of bulk densities (13 kg . m(-3)-200 kg . m(-3)) and thicknesses (13 mm-70 mm). A different set of specimens was utilized for each comparison. Results of this study indicate that, over a 17 year interval, the majority of test data from LNE and NIST agreed to within +/- 1.0%, or less, for mineral fiber materials and to within +/- 0.5%, or less, for expanded polystyrene. The long-term variability limit of 1% between the two laboratories is in good agreement with their current measurement uncertainties. Regression coefficients and their standard uncertainties for a straight-line model relating thermal conductivity to temperature from 280 K to 320 K were computed by material and laboratory. Graphical analysis of the data and corresponding fits exhibit consistent behavior by material type between the two laboratories. Sources of measurement variability are addressed. C1 [Zarr, Robert R.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guthrie, William F.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hay, Bruno] Ctr Sci & Ind Metrol, Lab Natl Metrol & Essais, F-78197 Trappes, France. [Koenen, Alain] Direct Essais, Lab Natl Metrol & Essais, F-78197 Trappes, France. RP Zarr, RR (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.zarr@nist.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD FEB PY 2017 VL 54 IS 1 BP 113 EP 128 DI 10.1088/1681-7575/aa4e55 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA EL3GZ UT WOS:000394508900005 ER PT J AU Leduc, RG Archer, FI Lang, AR Martien, KK Hancock-Hanser, B Torres-Florez, JP Hucke-Gaete, R Rosenbaum, HC Van Waerebeek, K Brownell, RL Taylor, BL AF Leduc, R. G. Archer, F. I. Lang, A. R. Martien, K. K. Hancock-Hanser, B. Torres-Florez, J. P. Hucke-Gaete, R. Rosenbaum, H. C. Van Waerebeek, K. Brownell, R. L., Jr. Taylor, B. L. TI Genetic variation in blue whales in the eastern pacific: implication for taxonomy and use of common wintering grounds SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Balaenoptera musculus; conservation genetics; eastern Pacific; endangered species ID BALAENOPTERA-MUSCULUS; NORTH PACIFIC; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; MOVEMENTS; OCEAN; CALLS; SONG AB Many aspects of blue whale biology are poorly understood. Some of the gaps in our knowledge, such as those regarding their basic taxonomy and seasonal movements, directly affect our ability to monitor and manage blue whale populations. As a step towards filling in some of these gaps, microsatellite and mtDNA sequence analyses were conducted on blue whale samples from the Southern Hemisphere, the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) and the northeast Pacific. The results indicate that the ETP is differentially used by blue whales from the northern and southern eastern Pacific, with the former showing stronger affinity to the region off Central America known as the Costa Rican Dome, and the latter favouring the waters of Peru and Ecuador. Although the pattern of genetic variation throughout the Southern Hemisphere is compatible with the recently proposed subspecies status of Chilean blue whales, some discrepancies remain between catch lengths and lengths from aerial photography, and not all blue whales in Chilean waters can be assumed to be of this type. Also, the range of the proposed Chilean subspecies, which extends to the Galapagos region of the ETP, at least seasonally, perhaps should include the Costa Rican Dome and the eastern North Pacific as well. C1 [Leduc, R. G.; Archer, F. I.; Lang, A. R.; Martien, K. K.; Hancock-Hanser, B.; Brownell, R. L., Jr.; Taylor, B. L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. [Torres-Florez, J. P.] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Genet & Evolucao, Rod Washington Luis,Km 235, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Torres-Florez, J. P.; Hucke-Gaete, R.] Blue Whale Ctr, Valdivia, Chile. [Hucke-Gaete, R.] Univ Austral Chile, Inst Ciencias Marinas & Limnol, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile. [Rosenbaum, H. C.] Wildlife Conservat Soc Global Conservat, Ocean Giants Program, 2300 Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Rosenbaum, H. C.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Sackler Inst Comparat Genom, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Van Waerebeek, K.] Peruvian Ctr Cetacean Res, Lima 20, Peru. RP Leduc, RG (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. EM casaleduc@gmail.com FU FAPESP [2013/23198-0] FX Thanks to the command and crew of the vessels participating in the IWC/SOWER and SWFSC cruises for enabling the collection of biopsies. Thanks to the Blue Whale Center and Universidad Austral de Chile for enabling the collection of Chilean samples, and to the American Museum of Natural History and Universidad Austral de Chile for laboratory support for processing samples. Thanks also to John Bannister of the Western Australian Museum for the sharing of numerous samples from the Indian Ocean, and to John Calambokidis of the Cascadia Research Collective, Don Croll and Bernie Tershey at the University of California Santa Cruz and to Michelle Berman Kowalewski of the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History for providing samples from the eastern North Pacific. Thanks to Philip Morin and Nicole Vollmer for providing helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. JPTF was funded by a FAPESP pos-doc grant (2013/23198-0). NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 26 IS 3 BP 740 EP 751 DI 10.1111/mec.13940 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EK5DT UT WOS:000393947800004 PM 27891694 ER PT J AU Guo, HX Strelcov, E Yulaev, A Wang, J Appathurai, N Urquhart, S Vinson, J Sahu, S Zwolak, M Kolmakov, A AF Guo, Hongxuan Strelcov, Evgheni Yulaev, Alexander Wang, Jian Appathurai, Narayana Urquhart, Stephen Vinson, John Sahu, Subin Zwolak, Michael Kolmakov, Andrei TI Enabling Photoemission Electron Microscopy in Liquids via Graphene-Capped Microchannel Arrays SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE PEEM; liquids; graphene; XAS; data mining ID PHOTOELECTRON EMISSION MICROSCOPY; X-RAY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; WATER; PRESSURE; INTERFACES; SAMPLES; SURFACES; REVEALS AB Photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM) is a powerful tool to spectroscopically image dynamic surface processes at the nanoscale, but it is traditionally limited to ultrahigh or moderate vacuum conditions. Here, we develop a novel graphene-capped multichannel array sample platform that extends the capabilities of photoelectron spectromicroscopy to routine liquid and atmospheric pressure studies with standard PEEM setups. Using this platform, we show that graphene has only a minor influence on the electronic structure of water in the first few layers and thus will allow for the examination of minimally perturbed aqueous-phase interfacial dynamics. Analogous to microarray screening technology in biomedical research, our platform is highly suitable for applications in tandem with large-scale data mining, pattern recognition, and combinatorial methods for spectro-temporal and spatiotemporal analyses at solid-liquid interfaces. Applying Bayesian linear unmixing algorithm to X-ray induced water radiolysis process, we were able to discriminate between different radiolysis scenarios and observe a metastable "wetting" intermediate water layer during the late stages of bubble formation. C1 [Guo, Hongxuan; Strelcov, Evgheni; Yulaev, Alexander; Sahu, Subin; Zwolak, Michael; Kolmakov, Andrei] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guo, Hongxuan; Strelcov, Evgheni; Yulaev, Alexander; Sahu, Subin] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yulaev, Alexander] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Jian; Appathurai, Narayana] Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada. [Urquhart, Stephen] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Chem, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada. [Vinson, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sahu, Subin] Oregon State Univ, Dept Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kolmakov, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrei.kolmakov@nist.gov OI Vinson, John/0000-0002-7619-7060 FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Research Council Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; University of Saskatchewan; Government of Saskatchewan; Western Economic Diversification Canada FX H.G., E.S., A.Y., and S.S. acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. The high quality graphene was kindly provided by I. Vlassiouk (ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN). PEEM measurements were conducted at the Canadian Light Source (CLS) synchrotron radiation facility. The CLS is supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the National Research Council Canada, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Government of Saskatchewan, Western Economic Diversification Canada, and the University of Saskatchewan. A.K. and E.S. thank Professor A. Hitchcock (McMaster University, Canada) and Dr. J. McClelland (CNST, NIST) for helpful insights on data processing and AFM instrumentation. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1034 EP 1041 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04460 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EK3SW UT WOS:000393848800061 PM 28121153 ER PT J AU Ballantyne, A Smith, W Anderegg, W Kauppi, P Sarmiento, J Tans, P Shevliakova, E Pan, YD Poulter, B Anav, A Friedlingstein, P Houghton, R Running, S AF Ballantyne, Ashley Smith, William Anderegg, William Kauppi, Pekka Sarmiento, Jorge Tans, Pieter Shevliakova, Elena Pan, Yude Poulter, Benjamin Anav, Alessandro Friedlingstein, Pierre Houghton, Richard Running, Steven TI Accelerating net terrestrial carbon uptake during the warming hiatus due to reduced respiration SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL RESPIRATION; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; DIOXIDE UPTAKE; LAND; FOREST; MODEL; CO2; VARIABILITY AB The recent ` warming hiatus' presents an excellent opportunity to investigate climate sensitivity of carbon cycle processes. Here we combine satellite and atmospheric observations to show that the rate of net biome productivity (NBP) has significantly accelerated from 0.007 +/- 0.065 PgC yr(-2) over thewarming period (1982 to 1998) to 0.119 +/- 0.071 PgC yr(-2) over thewarming hiatus (1998-2012). This acceleration in NBP is not due to increased primary productivity, but rather reduced respiration that is correlated (r = 0.58; P = 0.0007) and sensitive (gamma = 4.05 to 9.40 PgC yr(-1) per degrees C) to land temperatures. Global land models do not fully capture this apparent reduced respiration over the warming hiatus; however, an empirical model including soil temperature and moisture observations better captures the reduced respiration. C1 [Ballantyne, Ashley; Running, Steven] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Smith, William] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 1064 East Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Anderegg, William] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, 257 South 1400 East,Room 201, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Kauppi, Pekka] Univ Helsinki, Dept Environm Sci, POB 65 Viikinkaari 1, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Sarmiento, Jorge] Princeton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Tans, Pieter] NOAA, ESRL, Global Monitoring Div, 325 Broadway R GMD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shevliakova, Elena] Geophys Fluids Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Pan, Yude] US Forest Serv, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. [Poulter, Benjamin] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Anav, Alessandro; Friedlingstein, Pierre] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, North Pk Rd, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. [Houghton, Richard] Woods Hole Res Ctr, 149 Woods Hole Rd, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. RP Ballantyne, A (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM ashley.ballantyne@umontana.edu FU Princeton University; Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters; NSF-DEB [1550932]; USDA [MONZ-1302]; NOAA global change fellowship; Luc Hoffman Fellowship; NASA [NNX08AG87A] FX This work was stimulated by a workshop on abrupt changes in the global carbon cycle sponsored by Princeton University and the The Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters. Further support for this research was provided by NSF-DEB no. 1550932 and USDA no. MONZ-1302. W.R.L.A. was supported by a NOAA global change fellowship and W.K.S. was supported by a Luc Hoffman Fellowship. Satellite observations and MOD-17 algorithm development were supported by NASA grant NNX08AG87A to S.W.R. We are also grateful to the global citizens and NOAA scientists who have helped maintain the global atmospheric CO2 observation network. This work was greatly improved through input from colleagues D. Lombardozzi and B. Sullivan. NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 7 IS 2 BP 148 EP + DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE3204 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN9VU UT WOS:000396348500019 ER PT J AU Behrenfeld, MJ Hu, YX O'Malley, RT Boss, ES Hostetler, CA Siegel, DA Sarmiento, JL Schulien, J Hair, JW Lu, XM Rodier, S Scarino, AJ AF Behrenfeld, Michael J. Hu, Yongxiang O'Malley, Robert T. Boss, Emmanuel S. Hostetler, Chris A. Siegel, David A. Sarmiento, Jorge L. Schulien, Jennifer Hair, Johnathan W. Lu, Xiaomei Rodier, Sharon Scarino, Amy Jo TI Annual boom-bust cycles of polar phytoplankton biomass revealed by space-based lidar SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GLOBAL-SCALE; OCEAN; CHLOROPHYLL; SUBSURFACE; GROWTH; LIGHT; SEA; PLANKTON AB Polar plankton communities are among the most productive, seasonally dynamic and rapidly changing ecosystems in the global ocean. However, persistent cloud cover, periods of constant night and prevailing low solar elevations in polar regions severely limit traditional passive satellite ocean colour measurements and leave vast areas unobserved for many consecutive months each year. Consequently, our understanding of the annual cycles of polar plankton and their interannual variations is incomplete. Here we use space-borne lidar observations to overcome the limitations of historical passive sensors and report a decade of uninterrupted polar phytoplankton biomass cycles. We find that polar phytoplankton dynamics are categorized by 'boom-bust' cycles resulting from slight imbalances in plankton predator-prey equilibria. The observed seasonal-to-interannual variations in biomass are predicted by mathematically modelled rates of change in phytoplankton division. Furthermore, we find that changes in ice cover dominated variability in Antarctic phytoplankton stocks over the past decade, whereas ecological processes were the predominant drivers of change in the Arctic. We conclude that subtle and environmentally driven imbalances in polar food webs underlie annual phytoplankton boom-bust cycles, which vary interannually at each pole. C1 [Behrenfeld, Michael J.; O'Malley, Robert T.; Schulien, Jennifer] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Cordley Hall 2082, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hu, Yongxiang; Hostetler, Chris A.; Hair, Johnathan W.; Lu, Xiaomei; Rodier, Sharon; Scarino, Amy Jo] NASA Langley Res Ctr, MS 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Boss, Emmanuel S.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, 5706 Aubert Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Siegel, David A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Siegel, David A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Behrenfeld, MJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Cordley Hall 2082, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mjb@science.oregonstate.edu RI Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program; North Atlantic Aerosol and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) FX This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program and the North Atlantic Aerosol and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES). NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 10 IS 2 BP 118 EP + DI 10.1038/NGEO2861 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EK7RB UT WOS:000394121800015 ER PT J AU Bare, SR Vila, FD Charochak, ME Prabhakar, S Bradley, WJ Jaye, C Fischer, DA Hayashi, ST Bradley, SA Rehr, JJ AF Bare, Simon R. Vila, F. D. Charochak, Meghan E. Prabhakar, Sesh Bradley, William J. Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Hayashi, S. T. Bradley, Steven A. Rehr, J. J. TI Characterization of Coke on a Pt-Re/gamma-Al2O3 Re-Forming Catalyst: Experimental and Theoretical Study SO ACS CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE carbon NEXAFS; coke characterization; catalyst deactivation; Pt-Re/alumina; TPO; DFT calculations; C-13 MAS NMR; Raman ID RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; PARAFFIN DEHYDROGENATION; EXCHANGE-ENERGY; DENSITY; CARBON; DEPOSITS; MOLECULES; APPROXIMATION; DEACTIVATION AB The characterization of coke on spent catalysts is key to understanding deactivation mechanisms in hydrocarbon transformations. In this paper we report the comprehensive characterization (using laser Raman spectroscopy, C-13 MAS NMR, temperature-programmed oxidation, XPS, and carbon K-edge NEXAFS) of coke on a series of spent Pt-Re re-forming catalysts as a function of time on stream and position in the catalytic bed. Laser Raman spectroscopy is shown to be rather insensitive to the carbon species present, while C-13 MAS NMR finds that the carbon is present primarily as aromatic carbon. The TPO data are consistent with the coke being present on the alumina support and not to a large extent covering the metallic Pt-Re nanoclusters, but the data do suggest the presence of more than one type of coke present. The carbon K-edge NEXAFS data, however, clearly differentiate the types of coke species present. In the more coked samples the features ascribed to graphite become more pronounced, together with an increase in the aromaticity, as judged by the intensity of the pi* peak. With increasing amounts of carbon on the catalyst there is also a concomitant decrease in the sigma* C-H peak, indicating that the carbon is becoming less hydrogenated. By using a linear combination of C NEXAFS spectra for n hexane, benzene, and broadened highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), we estimate the compositional change on the coke species, verifying the aliphatic to aromatic conversion. The data indicate that a good model for the deposited coke is that of highly defected, medium-sized rafts with a short-range polycydic aromatic structure which have a variety of points of contact with the alumina surface, in particular with the 0 atoms. In agreement with the NMR, there is evidence for the C-O functionality from the presence of a shoulder in the C NEXAFS spectra that is ascribed, as a result of DFT calculations, to a 1s -> pi* transition of the carbon atoms bound to the oxygen of a phenoxide-like species bound to the alumina surface. These data confirm earlier Soxhlet extraction studies and show that extraction process did not substantially change the character of the coke from what it was while still in contact with the catalyst surface. C1 [Bare, Simon R.] SLAG Natl Accelerator Lab, SSRL, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Vila, F. D.; Hayashi, S. T.; Rehr, J. J.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Charochak, Meghan E.; Prabhakar, Sesh; Bradley, Steven A.] Honeywell UOP, Des Plaines, IL 60017 USA. [Bradley, William J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bare, SR (reprint author), SLAG Natl Accelerator Lab, SSRL, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM simon.bare@slac.stanford.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Catalysis Science Program [DE-FG02-03ER15476]; NERSC, a DOE Office of Science User Facility [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This research was carried out in part at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. F.D.V. and J.J.R. acknowledge partial support of U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Catalysis Science Program, Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER15476, with computational support from the NERSC, a DOE Office of Science User Facility, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Norma Kahn is thanked for the XPS data, Randy Zea for the TPO data, and Brendon Lyons for the laser Raman data. Certain commercial names mentioned do not constitute an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2155-5435 J9 ACS CATAL JI ACS Catal. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 7 IS 2 BP 1452 EP 1461 DI 10.1021/acscatal.6b02785 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA EJ9IG UT WOS:000393539200061 ER PT J AU van der Wiel, K Kapnick, SB Vecchi, GA AF van der Wiel, Karin Kapnick, Sarah B. Vecchi, Gabriel A. TI Shifting patterns of mild weather in response to projected radiative forcing SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; PRECIPITATION; MODEL; ATTRIBUTION; AIR AB Climate change has been shown to impact the mean climate state and climate extremes. Though climate extremes have the potential to disrupt society, extreme conditions are rare by definition. In contrast, mild weather occurs frequently and many human activities are built around it. We provide a global analysis of mild weather based on simple criteria and explore changes in response to radiative forcing. We find a slight global mean decrease in the annual number of mild days projected both in the near future (-4 days per year, 2016-2035) and at the end of this century (-10 days per year, 2081-2100). Projected seasonal and regional redistributions of mild days are substantially greater. These changes are larger than the interannual variability of mild weather caused by El Nio-Southern Oscillation. Finally, we show an observed global decrease in the recent past, and that observed regional changes in mild weather resemble projections. C1 [van der Wiel, Karin] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [van der Wiel, Karin; Kapnick, Sarah B.; Vecchi, Gabriel A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP van der Wiel, K (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.; van der Wiel, K (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM wiel@knmi.nl RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Kapnick, Sarah/C-5209-2014 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Kapnick, Sarah/0000-0003-0979-3070 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA14OAR4320106] FX The authors would like to thank Keith Dixon and Marjolein van Huijgevoort for comments on an early version of the manuscript. Three anonymous reviewers are thanked for their comments that helped to improve the manuscript. Funding for this work was supplied by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce to the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, to the Cooperative Institute for Climate Science (award NA14OAR4320106), and to the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the U. S. Department of Commerce. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD FEB PY 2017 VL 140 IS 3-4 BP 649 EP 658 DI 10.1007/s10584-016-1885-9 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EK2GC UT WOS:000393744800023 ER PT J AU Shafir, G Zolotukhin, D Godyak, V Shlapakovski, A Gleizer, S Slutsker, Y Gad, R Bernshtam, V Ralchenko, Y Krasik, YE AF Shafir, G. Zolotukhin, D. Godyak, V. Shlapakovski, A. Gleizer, S. Slutsker, Ya Gad, R. Bernshtam, V. Ralchenko, Yu Krasik, Ya E. TI Characterization of inductively coupled plasma generated by a quadruple antenna SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RF plasma; inductive coupling; Langmuir probe diagnostics; microwave interferometry; spectroscopy ID ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS; DISCHARGE; PHYSICS; ARGON; DIAGNOSTICS; EMISSION; GAS AB The results of the characterization of large-scale RF plasma for studying nonlinear interaction with a high-power (similar to 400MW) short duration (similar to 0.8 ns) microwave (similar to 10 GHz) beam are presented. The plasma was generated inside a Pyrex tube 80 cm in length and 25 cm in diameter filled by either Ar or He gas at a pressure in the range 1.3-13 Pa using a 2 MHz RF generator with a matching system and a quadruple antenna. Good matching was obtained between the plasma parameters, which were determined using different methods including a movable Langmuir probe, microwave cut-off, interferometry, and optical emission spectroscopy. It was shown that, depending on the gas pressure and RF power delivered to the antenna, the plasma density and electron temperature can be controlled in the range 1 x 10(10) -5 x 10(12) cm(-3) and 1-3.5 eV, respectively. The plasma density was found to be uniform in terms of axial (similar to 60 cm) and radial (similar to 10 cm) dimensions. Further, it was also shown that the application of the quadruple antenna, with resonating capacitors inserted in its arms, decreases the capacitive coupling of the antenna and the plasma as well as the RF power loss along the antenna. These features make this plasma source suitable for microwave plasma wake field experiments. C1 [Shafir, G.; Shlapakovski, A.; Gleizer, S.; Slutsker, Ya; Gad, R.; Krasik, Ya E.] Technion, Dept Phys, IL-36000 Haifa, Israel. [Zolotukhin, D.] Tomsk State Univ Control Syst & Radioelect, Dept Phys, Tomsk 634050, Russia. [Godyak, V.] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bernshtam, V.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Fac Phys, IL-36100 Rehovot, Israel. [Ralchenko, Yu] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shafir, G (reprint author), Technion, Dept Phys, IL-36000 Haifa, Israel. EM shafirguy@gmail.com OI Zolotukhin, Denis/0000-0002-5206-9486 FU PAZY [2020960]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [16-38-00230]; DOE OFES [DE-SC0001939] FX The authors are grateful to A Fisher and Y Hadas for fruitful discussions and E Flyat for generous technical assistance. This work was supported by the PAZY grant No 2020960. The work of Denis Zolotukhin was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), grant No 16-38-00230. The work Valery Godyak was supported in part by the DOE OFES (Contract No DE-SC0001939). NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 EI 1361-6595 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 26 IS 2 AR 025005 DI 10.1088/1361-6595/aa5300 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA EK7TE UT WOS:000394127300001 ER PT J AU Talley, KR Barron, SC Nguyen, N Wong-Ng, W Martin, J Zhang, YL Song, X AF Talley, K. R. Barron, S. C. Nguyen, N. Wong-Ng, W. Martin, J. Zhang, Y. L. Song, X. TI Thermoelectric properties of the LaCoO3-LaCrO3 system using a high-throughput combinatorial approach SO SOLID STATE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE LaCo1-xCrxO3 solid solution; Thermoelectric properties; Combinatorial approach; PLD films; Distorted perovskite ID THIN-FILM LIBRARIES; SEEBECK COEFFICIENT; PHASE-DIAGRAM; CONDUCTIVITY; CA; CHEMISTRY; SILICON; LA AB A combinatorial film of the LaCo1-xCrxO3 system was fabricated using the LaCoO3 and LaCrO3 targets at the NIST Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) facility. As the ionic size of Cr3+ is greater than that of Co3+, the unit cell volume of the series increases with increasing x. Using a custom screening tool, the Seebeck coefficient of LaCo1-xCrxO3 approaches a measured maximum of 286 mu V/K, near to the cobalt-rich end of the film library (with x approximate to 0.49). The resistivity value increases continuously with increasing x. The measured power factor, PF, of this series, which is related to the efficiency of energy conversion, also exhibits a maximum at the composition of x approximate to 0.49, which corresponds to the maximum value of the Seebeck coefficient. Our results illustrate the efficiency of applying the high-throughput combinatorial technique to study thermoelectric materials. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Talley, K. R.; Barron, S. C.; Nguyen, N.; Wong-Ng, W.; Martin, J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Talley, K. R.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Mat Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Zhang, Y. L.] Boise State Univ, Dept Mech & Biomed Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Song, X.] West Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov FU NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program FX This work was partially supported by NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1293-2558 EI 1873-3085 J9 SOLID STATE SCI JI Solid State Sci. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 64 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2016.12.002 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA EK1YC UT WOS:000393722700002 ER PT J AU Cai, JX Xu, JJ Powell, AM Guan, ZY Li, L AF Cai, Jiaxi Xu, Jianjun Powell, Alfred M., Jr. Guan, Zhaoyong Li, Li TI Intercomparison of the temperature contrast between the arctic and equator in the pre- and post periods of the 1976/1977 regime shift SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; NCEP-NCAR REANALYSIS; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; TRENDS; PACIFIC; AMPLIFICATION; CIRCULATION; HEAT AB Based on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis temperature dataset in the period of 1948-2014, the temperature contrast between the Arctic and equator in the pre- and post periods of the 1976/1977 regime shift is compared. An index measuring the temperature contrast is defined as the difference between the Arctic zone (70A degrees N-90A degrees N) and the equatorial region (10A degrees S-10A degrees N). The variations of the temperature contrast can be mainly explained by the local sea ice variations through sea ice-albedo-temperature feedback before 1976/1977 and the energy transportation to the Arctic together with the local sea ice after 1976/1977. The impacts of the Arctic minus equator (AmE) temperature contrast on the high-level westerly jet, and the polar easterlies show a significant difference during the two periods. A strong temperature anomaly associated with the temperature contrast in the two periods is found in the high latitude, but different patterns are observed at the high and low levels. The correlated water vapor appeared in the Indian Ocean and Maritime Continent before 1976/1977 and moved to northeastern Canada and eastern North America after 1976/1977. C1 [Cai, Jiaxi; Guan, Zhaoyong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Cai, Jiaxi; Xu, Jianjun] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Global Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Powell, Alfred M., Jr.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD USA. [Li, Li] Shanghai Marine Meteorol Ctr, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Xu, JJ (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Global Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM jianjun.xu@noaa.gov FU National Natural Science Foundation [41105056, 41330425]; State Scholarship Fund [201308320043] FX The authors would like to thank the agencies for providing the data sets including the NOAA/CDC website and the Hadley Centre website. Constructive comments from anonymous reviewers and Dr. Hartmut Grassl helped to improve this manuscript. The first author is partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (41105056, 41330425) and supported under the State Scholarship Fund (201308320043). NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X EI 1434-4483 J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 127 IS 3-4 BP 761 EP 767 DI 10.1007/s00704-015-1663-z PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EK1ED UT WOS:000393667700019 ER PT J AU Dally, R Clement, RJ Chisnell, R Taylor, S Butala, M Doan-Nguyen, V Balasubramanian, M Lynn, JW Grey, CP Wilson, SD AF Dally, Rebecca Clement, Raphaele J. Chisnell, Robin Taylor, Stephanie Butala, Megan Doan-Nguyen, Vicky Balasubramanian, Mahalingam Lynn, Jeffrey W. Grey, Clare P. Wilson, Stephen D. TI Floating zone growth of alpha-Na0.90MnO2 single crystals SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Characterization; Floating zone technique; Single crystal growth; Manganites ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-PERFORMANCE CATHODE; SODIUM-ION BATTERY; NAMNO2; MANGANESE; NAXCOO2; OXIDES AB Single crystal growth of alpha-NaxMnO2 (x=0.90) is reported via the floating zone technique. The conditions required for stable growth and intergrowth-free crystals are described along with the results of trials under alternate growth atmospheres. Chemical and structural characterizations of the resulting alpha-Na0.90MnO2 crystals are performed using ICP-AES NMR, XANES, XPS, and neutron diffraction measurements. As a layered transition metal oxide with large ionic mobility and strong correlation effects, alpha-NaxMnO2 is of interest to many communities, and the implications of large volume, high purity, single crystal growth are discussed. C1 [Dally, Rebecca] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Dally, Rebecca; Taylor, Stephanie; Butala, Megan; Wilson, Stephen D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Chisnell, Robin; Grey, Clare P.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Chisnell, Robin; Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Researrch, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Doan-Nguyen, Vicky] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Doan-Nguyen, Vicky] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Balasubramanian, Mahalingam] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wilson, SD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM stephendwilson@engineering.ucsb.edu FU Hellman Fellowship at UCSB; ARO Award [W911NF-16-1-0361]; University of California President's Postdoctoral Fellowship; University of California, Santa Barbara California NanoSystems Institute Elings Prize Fellowship; Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, 7057154]; EU ERC; MRSEC Program of the NSF [DMR 1121053]; DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX SDW gratefully acknowledges support from a Hellman Fellowship at UCSB, and SDW and RD acknowledge support from ARO Award W911NF-16-1-0361. VDN is supported by the University of California President's Postdoctoral Fellowship and the University of California, Santa Barbara California NanoSystems Institute Elings Prize Fellowship. This work was partially supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, under the Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies (BATT) Program subcontract No. 7057154 (RJC and CPG). CPG and RJC thank the EU ERC for an Advanced Fellowship for CPG. The MRL Shared Experimental Facilities are supported by the MRSEC Program of the NSF under Award No. DMR 1121053; a member of the NSF-funded Materials Research Facilities Network (www.mrfn.org. This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Sector 20 operations are supported by the US Department of Energy and the Canadian Light Source. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 459 BP 203 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2016.12.010 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA EJ1XT UT WOS:000393004600034 ER PT J AU Francoeur, SN Winslow, KAP Miller, D Peacor, SD AF Francoeur, Steven N. Winslow, Kimberly A. Peters Miller, Dianna Peacor, Scott D. TI Mussel-derived stimulation of benthic filamentous algae: The importance of nutrients and spatial scale SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Saginaw Bay; Nutrient limitation; Dreissena; Cladophora ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; CLADOPHORA-GLOMERATA CHLOROPHYTA; NEARSHORE PHOSPHORUS SHUNT; SAGINAW BAY; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; OFFSHORE SEDIMENTS; WATER-QUALITY; HURON; LIGHT; ERIE AB The reoccurrence of benthic filamentous algal (FA) blooms in the Great Lakes, without associated increases in phosphorus loading, has stimulated renewed interest in determining the causes of Great Lakes benthic algal blooms. We investigated the potential roles of invasive mussels and nutrient limitation with experimental substrata within inner Saginaw Bay. FA abundance on live mussel substrata was typically significantly greater than that on inert (empty shell or rock) substrata. Nutrient addition (from an artificial source) significantly increased FA abundance on inert substrata. These results suggest that: 1) mussel nutrient excretion could be a primary stimulatory mechanism; 2) mussel-mediated stimulation may be even stronger in other, more oligotrophic, Great Lakes nearshore zones; and 3) increased nutrient loading to inner Saginaw Bay may exacerbate existing FA blooms. FA abundance on inert substrata was not affected, even in close proximity to mussels, indicating that the observed stimulatory effect of mussel-derived P on live mussels attenuated at very small spatial scales, on the order of centimeters or less. (C) 2016 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Francoeur, Steven N.] Eastern Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA. [Winslow, Kimberly A. Peters] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Miller, Dianna] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Peacor, Scott D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Francoeur, SN (reprint author), Eastern Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA. EM steve.francoeur@emich.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research; AgBioResearch of Michigan State University; Eastern Michigan University FX This research was sponsored by a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research. SDP acknowledges support from AgBioResearch of Michigan State University. Additional support was provided by Eastern Michigan University. We are truly indebted to the Linwood Beach Marina for their continual support, advice, and assistance with safety. Mary Bammer, Audrey Johnson, Chris Henry, Holly Kernick, Ryan MacWilliams, Bill Oeming, Isaac Standish, Rachel Teets, Erin Tessens, and Whitney Woelmer assisted with field and laboratory tasks. We are grateful to Dr. Larry "Harris" Taylor for diving instruction. We thank Lois Wolfson for the kind loan of a pontoon boat. This is GLERL contribution 1845. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 43 IS 1 BP 69 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2016.10.013 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EJ5JW UT WOS:000393255300007 ER PT J AU Foley, CJ Andree, SR Pothoven, SA Nalepa, TF Hook, TO AF Foley, Carolyn J. Andree, Sara R. Pothoven, Steven A. Nalepa, Thomas F. Hoeoek, Tomas O. TI Quantifying the predatory effect of round goby on Saginaw Bay dreissenids SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Diet; Selectivity; Great Lakes; Consumption; Aquatic invasive species; Uncertainty ID GOBIES NEOGOBIUS-MELANOSTOMUS; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; ZEBRA MUSSELS; QUAGGA MUSSELS; NORTH-AMERICA; ST-CLAIR; MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY; YELLOW PERCH; POLYMORPHA; ERIE AB Invasive dreissenid mussels (D. polymorpha and D. r. bugensis) have fundamentally altered Laurentian Great Lake ecosystems, however in many areas their abundances have declined since the mid-1990s. Another invader, the benthic fish round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), is morphologically adapted to feed on dreissenids and likely affects dreissenid populations; however, the degree of this predatory effect is variable. In 2009 and 2010, we examined round goby abundances, size distributions, diet contents, and diet selectivity in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron; a shallow bay that has been subjected to numerous anthropogenic stressors. We further used a consumption model to estimate dreissenid consumption by three different size classes of round goby. Round gobies were found throughout the bay and most were smaller than 80 mm total length. Round gobies of all sizes consumed dreissenids (including fish as small as 30 mm total length), though dreissenids were rarely preferred. The relative proportion of dreissenids (by biomass) present in diets of round gobies increased with fish size, but also throughout the year for all size classes. Despite this, overall consumptive effects of round gobies on dreissenids in Saginaw Bay were low. Many dreissenids present in the bay were larger than those consumed by round gobies. Bioenergetics-based model estimates suggest that the smallest round gobies are responsible for the majority of dreissenid consumption. While our findings are limited to soft substrates and influenced by sampling restrictions, our study design allowed us to put bounds on our estimates based upon these multiple sources of uncertainty. (C) 2016 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Foley, Carolyn J.; Andree, Sara R.; Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Foley, Carolyn J.; Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Illinois Indiana Sea Grant Coll Program, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA GLERL, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Nalepa, Thomas F.] Univ Michigan, Graham Sustainabil Inst, Water Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Andree, Sara R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1816 S Oak St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Nalepa, Thomas F.] NOAA GLERL, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Foley, CJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM cfoley@purdue.edu; srandree@purdue.edu; steve.pothoven@noaa.gov; nalepa@umich.edu; thook@purdue.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Center FX Comments by three anonymous reviewers greatly improved an earlier draft of this manuscript. This project was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Center for Sponsored Coastal and Ocean Research (Adaptive Integrated Framework (AIF): A New Methodology for Managing Impacts of Multiple Stressors in Coastal Ecosystems). The authors wish to thank the captains and crews of the NOAA-GLERL research vessels. Charlie Roswell, Alicia Roswell, Beth Coggins, Heather Holzhauer, Suzy Lyttle, Jarrod Militello, Ben McMurray, Niko Questera, Luke Tusing, and Michelle Walsh helped with field sampling and laboratory processing. This is NOAA-GLERL contribution number 1839. NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 43 IS 1 BP 121 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2016.10.018 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EJ5JW UT WOS:000393255300012 ER PT J AU Pham, MS Creuziger, A Iadicola, M Rollett, AD AF Pham, M. S. Creuziger, A. Iadicola, M. Rollett, A. D. TI Roles of texture and latent hardening on plastic anisotropy of face-centered-cubic materials during multi-axial loading SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID DISLOCATION INTERACTIONS; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; STRAIN; POLYCRYSTALS; DEFORMATION; ALUMINUM; ALLOYS; COPPER; STEEL AB This study investigates the joint impact of preferred texture and latent hardening on the plastic anisotropy of face centered cubic (FCC) materials. The main result is that both aspects have significant impact on the anisotropy, but the two can either counteract each other or synergistically reinforce each other to maximize anisotropy. Preferred texture results in significant anisotropy in plastic yielding. However, the latent hardening significantly alters the texture-induced anisotropy. In addition, one latent hardening type can cancel out the anisotropy of another type. Consequently, if all dislocation-based latent hardening types are included at the same level as the self-hardening, the result might not reveal the complexity of plastic anisotropy. The present study of the synergistic influence of detailed latent hardening and texture presented helps provide new insights into the complex anisotropic behavior of FCC materials during multiaxial forming. C1 [Pham, M. S.; Rollett, A. D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Mat Sci & Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Pham, M. S.; Creuziger, A.; Iadicola, M.] NIST, Ctr Automot Lightweighting, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pham, M. S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pham, M. S.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Mat, Exhibit Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Pham, MS (reprint author), Imperial Coll London, Mat, Exhibit Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM son.pham@imperial.ac.uk FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Automotive Lightweightin; Materials Genome Initiative at NIST FX We would like to thank Dr. Carlos Tome and Dr. Ricardo Lebensohn at Los Alamos National Laboratory (USA) for providing the VPSC program. This work was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Automotive Lightweighting. The financial support of Materials Genome Initiative at NIST is also acknowledged. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 EI 1873-4782 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD FEB PY 2017 VL 99 BP 50 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2016.08.011 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA EJ5ET UT WOS:000393241100004 ER PT J AU Loerzel, JL Goedeke, TL Dillard, MK Brown, G AF Loerzel, Jarrod L. Goedeke, Theresa L. Dillard, Maria K. Brown, Greg TI SCUBA divers above the waterline: Using participatory mapping of coral reef conditions to inform reef management SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Coral reefs; Participatory mapping; Coral reef management; US Virgin Islands; SCUBA; Local ecological knowledge ID LOCAL KNOWLEDGE; GIS PPGIS; ISLANDS; SYSTEMS AB Coral reefs provide important ecological services such as biodiversity, climate regulation, and cultural benefits through recreation and tourism. However, many of the world's reefs are declining, with Caribbean reefs suffering a significant decline in living corals over the past half century. This situation emphasizes the need to assess and monitor reef conditions using a variety of methods. In this study, a new method for assessing reef conditions to inform management using participatory mapping by coral reef "experts" in the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI) is described. Occupational SCUBA divers were recruited (n=87) to map coral reef conditions, uses, and threats (stressors) using an internet-based mapping website. The data reveal an uneven geographic distribution of reef conditions in the USVI with the most frequently mapped perceived healthy reef characteristics being: large amount of physical reef structure (n=872 markers); endangered or threatened species present (n=721); and large amount of live coral cover (n=615). The greatest perceived threats were: invasive species (n=606); water pollution (n=234); and unsustainable fishing (n=200). Areas of important reef characteristics, perceived threats to reefs, and perceived recovery potential were plotted to identify areas requiring critical management attention. The authors found that perceptions of healthy reef conditions outnumbered perceptions of reef threats for nine of the ten most familiar coral reefs; the most frequent activity type within the coral reefs was tourism diving; and for the most familiar coral reefs, the divers perceived a high recovery potential. Given the novelty of participatory mapping methods to assess coral reefs, the strengths and weaknesses of the method is evaluated. The authors further propose a management typology for categorizing reef areas to inform their future management. In the absence of primary data, or, as a supplement to underwater surveys and remotely-sensed data on reef condition, participatory mapping can provide a cost-effective means for assessing coral reef conditions while identifying place-specific reef locations requiring management attention. C1 [Loerzel, Jarrod L.; Dillard, Maria K.] Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Goedeke, Theresa L.] Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Bldg SSMC4,Room 9326,1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Brown, Greg] Univ Queensland, Sch Geog Planning & Environm Management, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Dillard, Maria K.] NIST, Engn Lab, Community Resilience Grp, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, Greg] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Nat Resources Management & Environm Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Goedeke, TL (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Bldg SSMC4,Room 9326,1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM jarrod.loerzel@noaa.gov; theresa.goedeke@noaa.gov; maria.dillard@nist.gov; ggbrown@calpoly.edu FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program FX The time and expertise contributed by respondents who participated in this project are acknowledged. Without their generosity, this research would not have been possible. The authors would like to acknowledge contributions of technical expertise and logistical assistance from Simon J. Pittman, Chris Jeffrey, Laura 'Cracker, Matt Poti, Jen Lechuga and Angela Orthmeyer. This research was supported by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 76 BP 79 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2016.11.003 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA EJ2AN UT WOS:000393012200010 ER PT J AU Ardhuin, F Stopa, J Chapron, B Collard, F Smith, M Thomson, J Doble, M Blomquist, B Persson, O Collins, CO Wadhams, P AF Ardhuin, Fabrice Stopa, Justin Chapron, Bertrand Collard, Fabrice Smith, Madison Thomson, Jim Doble, Martin Blomquist, Byron Persson, Ola Collins, Clarence O., III Wadhams, Peter TI Measuring ocean waves in sea ice using SAR imagery: A quasi-deterministic approach evaluated with Sentinel-1 and in situ data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE SAR; Sentinel-1A; Ocean waves; Sea ice ID PANCAKE ICE; WATER; ZONE; ATTENUATION; THICKNESS; SPECTRUM; SWELL; MODE AB Measurements of wave heights in marginal ice zones are limited to very few in situ data. Here we revisit the linear and quasilinear theories of Synthetic Aperture Radar imaging of waves in the particular case of waves in sea ice. Instead of only working with spectra, we have developed an iterative nonlinear algorithm to estimate phase-resolved deterministic maps of wave-induced orbital velocities, from which elevation spectra can be derived. Application of this algorithm to Sentinel lA wave mode images in the Southern Ocean shows that it produces reasonable results for swells in all directions except when they propagate at a few degrees off the range direction. The estimate of wave parameters is expected to work best when the shortest wave components, those which cause a pixel displacement of the order of the dominant wavelength in azimuth, can be neglected. Otherwise short waves produce a blurring of the image, increasing exponentially with the azimuthal wavenumber and reducing the estimated wave amplitude. Given the expected spatial attenuation of waves in ice-covered regions, our deterministic method should apply beyond a few tens of kilometers in the ice, without any correction for short wave effects. In situ data collected around the ice edge as part of the 2015 SeaState DRI cruise in the Beaufort confirm the progressive image blurring caused by such short waves, and the apparent reduction in the wave modulation. When short waves propagate from the open ocean towards the ice, this blurring can produce an unrealistic apparent increase of wave height, from the open ocean up to a few tens of kilometers inside the ice. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ardhuin, Fabrice; Stopa, Justin; Chapron, Bertrand] Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, IFREMER,LOPS,IUEM, Brest, France. [Stopa, Justin] Ecole Cent Nantes, LHEEA, Nantes, France. [Collard, Fabrice] OceanDataLab, Brest, France. [Smith, Madison; Thomson, Jim] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Doble, Martin] PolarScientific Ltd, Appin, England. [Blomquist, Byron; Persson, Ola] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Collins, Clarence O., III] Naval Res Lab, Oceanog Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Wadhams, Peter] Cambridge Polar Consultants Ltd, Cambridge, England. RP Ardhuin, F (reprint author), Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, IFREMER,LOPS,IUEM, Brest, France. FU LabexMer [ANR-10-LABX-19-01]; EU-FP7 project SWARP [607476]; ONR [N0001416WX01117]; CNES FX F.A. and J.S. are supported by LabexMer via grant ANR-10-LABX-19-01, EU-FP7 project SWARP under grant agreement 607476, ONR grant number N0001416WX01117, and CNES. Observations with Sentinel 1 were kindly provided by the ESA. The dedication of the crew of RSV Sikuliaq was essential in gathering the in situ data. We also thank ESA and the Copernicus program for the exceptional quality of the SAR data, and making possible the acquisition of IW mode data over the Beaufort Sea. Discussions with and detailed comments from P. Sutherland helped improve the manuscript. Comments from the Editor and three anonymous reviewers were very helpful for clarifying parts of this manuscript. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 189 BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2016.11.024 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EJ1YB UT WOS:000393005400016 ER PT J AU Cresci, A De Rosa, R Putman, NF Agnisola, C AF Cresci, Alessandro De Rosa, Rosario Putman, Nathan F. Agnisola, Claudio TI Earth-strength magnetic field affects the rheotactic threshold of zebrafish swimming in shoals SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rheotaxis; Magnetic field; Orientation; Zebrafish; Shoal ID LATERAL-LINE; DANIO-RERIO; OCEAN NAVIGATION; PACIFIC SALMON; SENSORY BASIS; ANIMAL GROUPS; SEA-TURTLES; BEHAVIOR; ORIENTATION; FISH AB Rheotaxis, the unconditioned orienting response to water currents, is a main component of fish behavior. Rheotaxis is achieved using multiple sensory systems, including visual and tactile cues. Rheotactic orientation in open or low-visibility waters might also benefit from the stable frame of reference provided by the geomagnetic field, but this possibility has not been explored before. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) form shoals living in freshwater systems with low visibility, show a robust positive rheotaxis, and respond to geomagnetic fields. Here, we investigated whether a static magnetic field in the Earth-strength range influenced the rheotactic threshold of zebrafish in a swimming tunnel. The direction of the horizontal component of the magnetic field relative to water flow influenced the rheotactic threshold of fish as part of a shoal, but not of fish tested alone. Results obtained after disabling the lateral line of shoaling individuals with Co2+ suggest that this organ system is involved in the observed magneto-rheotactic response. These findings constitute preliminary evidence that magnetic fields influence rheotaxis and suggest new avenues for further research. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Cresci, Alessandro] Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [De Rosa, Rosario] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Phys, MSA Campus,Via Cinthia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [De Rosa, Rosario] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sect Naples, MSA Campus,Via Cinthia 21, I-80125 Naples, Italy. [Putman, Nathan F.] Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Putman, Nathan F.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Agnisola, Claudio] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Biol, MSA Campus,Via Cinthia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy. RP Agnisola, C (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Biol, MSA Campus,Via Cinthia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy. EM agnisola@unina.it FU Basic Research Funding of the Physics Department and the Biology Department of the Naples University Federico II; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory FX We thank Dr. Claudia Angelini (Applied Calculus Inst., CNR, Italy) for the statistical support. We thank Martina Scanu and Silvia Frassinet for their technical help with collecting the data and the departmental technicians F. Cassese, G. Paseggio and R. Rocco for their skillful assistance in the design and realization of the experimental setup. We also thank the staff of the Zoological Station "A. Dohrn" for the technical help on the neuromasts morphological analysis. The study was supported by the Basic Research Funding of the Physics Department and the Biology Department of the Naples University Federico II. N.F.P. acknowledges support from NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 EI 1531-4332 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 204 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.11.019 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA EJ0JR UT WOS:000392895000020 PM 27915151 ER PT J AU Harvey, JBJ Johnson, SB Fisher, JL Peterson, WT Vrijenhoek, RC AF Harvey, Julio B. J. Johnson, Shannon B. Fisher, Jennifer L. Peterson, William T. Vrijenhoek, Robert C. TI Comparison of morphological and next generation DNA sequencing methods for assessing zooplankton assemblages SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Zooplanlcton; Taxonomy; Morphology; Next generation DNA sequencing; COI, 28S ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; COASTAL UPWELLING SYSTEM; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; EARLY-LIFE HISTORY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ENVIRONMENTAL DNA; EL-NINO; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; NEARSHORE RETENTION; OREGON COAST AB Morphological taxonomic methods are currently insufficient to satisfy the rising demand for taxonomic information and rapid sample turnover required to support conservation and resource management efforts. Next generation DNA sequencing (NGS) is capable of rapidly producing taxonomic assessments for a broad diversity of organisms present in environmental samples. To achieve taxonomic coverage of similar breadth, multiple morphologists who tend to specialize by taxonomic group would be required. Unfortunately, both morphological and molecular approaches are subject to various methodological biases. Accurate assessment (both taxonomic composition and abundances) of marine zooplankton assemblages is a critical component of effective ecosystem-based conservation and resource management efforts. To address this need and determine the extent of agreement between methods, morphological data was compared to 454 NGS results for zooplankton assemblages collected in plankton net tows from northern Monterey Bay, California. Results indicate areas of agreement between data sets, but also characterize biases specific to each method. Morphological analyses provided life history stage and biomass information for many zooplankton taxa. The NGS data included 313 bp from the 3' end of the mitochondrial cytochrome-c-oxidase subunit-I (COI; 3234 OTUs) region and 365 bp from the 5' end of the large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal RNA (28S; 1669 OTUs). Results of NGS analysis corroborated the presence of 40 of the 61 morphologically identified genera and species. For some organisms, NGS provided finer taxonomic resolution where morphological data or knowledge was limited. Correlations between biomass and NGS percent sequence abundances were significant for some, but not all taxa, and were gene-specific in some cases (i.e., COI-Diplostraca, Polychaeta, Callianassidae, Clausocalanidae, Oncaeidae, Podonidae, Evadne, Neottypaea, Oncaea, Podon, Psuedocalanus; 28S-Euphausiacea, Euphausiidae, Oncaeidae, Oncaea). Despite various methodological biases, both data sets were in agreement with respect to alpha diversity indices generated for zooplankton assemblages collected at four sampling stations. These results suggest that a partnership between morphological and molecular methods represents a powerful tool, that when used appropriately, can effectively extend taxonomic assessment capabilities to better address present needs. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Harvey, Julio B. J.; Johnson, Shannon B.; Vrijenhoek, Robert C.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Fisher, Jennifer L.] Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Peterson, William T.] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Harvey, JBJ (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM jharvey@mbari.org FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation [901026] FX We are grateful to Mike McCann for his advice and authorship of the Python script gb2qiime.py. We thank Mariah Salisbury for her invaluable assistance in the field. We thank the crew of the R/V Rachel Carson for their assistance with sample collection. This research was supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, conducted under MBARI (project #901026). [SS] NR 113 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 487 BP 113 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2016.12.002 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EJ1WC UT WOS:000392999900013 ER PT J AU Shao, GD Brodsky, A Shin, SJ Kim, DB AF Shao, Guodong Brodsky, Alexander Shin, Seung-Jun Kim, Duck Bong TI Decision guidance methodology for sustainable manufacturing using process analytics formalism SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE Decision guidance; Process analytics; Sustainable manufacturing; Optimization; Energy consumption ID OPTIMIZATION; SIMULATION; ENERGY AB Sustainable manufacturing has significant impact on a company's business performance and competitiveness in today's world. A growing number of manufacturing industries are initiating efforts to address sustainability issues; however, to achieve a higher level of sustainability, manufacturers need methodologies for formally describing, analyzing, evaluating, and optimizing sustainability performance metrics for manufacturing processes and systems. Currently, such methodologies are missing. This paper introduces a systematic decision-guidance methodology that uses the sustainable process analytics formalism (SPAF) developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The methodology provides step-by-step guidance for users to perform sustainability performance analysis using SPAF, which supports data querying, what-if analysis, and decision optimization for sustainability metrics. Users use data from production, energy management, and a life cycle assessment reference database for modeling and analysis. As an example, a case study of investment planning for energy management systems has been performed to demonstrate the use of the methodology. C1 [Shao, Guodong; Shin, Seung-Jun; Kim, Duck Bong] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8260, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brodsky, Alexander] George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, 4400 Univ Dr,MS 4A5, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Shin, SJ (reprint author), NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8260, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM seungjun.shin@nist.gov FU George Mason University [70NANB12H277]; NIST [70NANB12H277] FX The authors thank NIST Sustainable Manufacturing program testbed project team for the test case discussion, especially Program Manager, Sudarsan Rachuri, for his valuable input and Abdullah Alrazgan, a graduate student from George Mason University, for his effort on SPAF compiler development. The work represented here was partially funded through cooperative agreement #70NANB12H277 between George Mason University and NIST. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0956-5515 EI 1572-8145 J9 J INTELL MANUF JI J. Intell. Manuf. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 28 IS 2 BP 455 EP 472 DI 10.1007/s10845-014-0995-3 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA EJ2HO UT WOS:000393030900012 ER PT J AU Zheng, M AF Zheng, Ming TI Sorting Carbon Nanotubes SO TOPICS IN CURRENT CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Chirality; DNA; Separation; Single-wall carbon nanotubes; Solvation energy ID DENSITY-GRADIENT ULTRACENTRIFUGATION; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; SELECTIVE DISPERSION; COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY; LENGTH FRACTIONATION; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; LARGE-SCALE; HIGH-YIELD AB Sorting of single-wall carbon nanotubes by their electronic and atomic structures in liquid phases is reviewed in this chapter. We first introduce the sorting problem, and then provide an overview of several sorting methodologies, following roughly the chronological order of their development over the past 15 years or so. Major methods discussed include ion-exchange chromatography, density-gradient ultracentrifugation, selective extraction in organic solvents, gel chromatography, and aqueous two-phase extraction. A main focus of the review is on the common mechanisms underlining all sorting processes. We propose that differences in solvation among different nanotube species are the ultimate driving force of sorting, and we corroborate this proposal by presenting analysis on how the differences are realized in electronic-structure-based sorting and atomic-structure-based sorting. In the end, we offer some suggestions on future directions that may grow out of carbon nanotube sorting. In particular, the prospect of expanding the function of DNA/carbon nanotube hybrid to control inter-particle interactions both inside and outside the nanotube is discussed. C1 [Zheng, Ming] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zheng, M (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ming.zheng@nist.gov NR 122 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 24 U2 24 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 2365-0869 EI 2364-8961 J9 TOPICS CURR CHEM JI Top. Curr. Chem. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 375 IS 1 AR 13 DI 10.1007/s41061-016-0098-z PG 36 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EK1GH UT WOS:000393673300013 PM 28083771 ER PT J AU Staley, DM Negri, JA Kean, JW Laber, JL Tillery, AC Youberg, AM AF Staley, Dennis M. Negri, Jacquelyn A. Kean, Jason W. Laber, Jayme L. Tillery, Anne C. Youberg, Ann M. TI Prediction of spatially explicit rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for post-fire debris-flow generation in the western United States SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Wildfire; Debris flow; Rainfall thresholds; Hazard assessment ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; WATER REPELLENCY; MOUNTAINOUS WATERSHEDS; EROSION PROCESSES; EMPIRICAL-MODELS; AFFECTED SOILS; NATIONAL-PARK; BURNED AREAS AB Early warning of post-fire debris-flow occurrence during intense rainfall has traditionally relied upon a library of regionally specific empirical rainfall intensity-duration thresholds. Development of this library and the calculation of rainfall intensity-duration thresholds often require several years of monitoring local rainfall and hydrologic response to rainstorms, a time-consuming approach where results are often only applicable to the specific region where data were collected. Here, we present a new, fully predictive approach that utilizes rainfall, hydrologic response, and readily available geospatial data to predict rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for debris-flow generation in recently burned locations in the western United States. Unlike the traditional approach to defining regional thresholds from historical data, the proposed methodology permits the direct calculation of rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for areas where no such data exist. The thresholds calculated by this method are demonstrated to provide predictions that are of similar accuracy, and in some cases outperform, previously published regional intensity-duration thresholds. The method also provides improved predictions of debris-flow likelihood, which can be incorporated into existing approaches for post-fire debris-flow hazard assessment. Our results also provide guidance for the operational expansion of post-fire debris-flow early warning systems in areas where empirically defined regional rainfall intensity-duration thresholds do not currently exist. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Staley, Dennis M.; Negri, Jacquelyn A.; Kean, Jason W.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. [Laber, Jayme L.] Natl Weather Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Tillery, Anne C.] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Youberg, Ann M.] Arizona Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. EM dstaley@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey Landslide Hazards Program; Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project FX This research was made possible with funding from the U.S. Geological Survey Landslide Hazards Program and Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project. The authors are grateful for the field assistance from Joseph Gartner, Kevin Schmidt, Anne-Marie Matherne, Maiana Hanshaw, Robert Leeper, and Octavanio Lucero, and for the rainfall data provided by Pete Wohlgemuth and Terri Hogue. We also would like to acknowledge Sue Cannon for her seminal work defining rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for post-fire debris-flow generation in the western United States, developing probabilistic hazard assessment methods, and establishing the debris-flow early warning system with the National Weather Service in southern California. NR 97 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 278 BP 149 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.10.019 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA EI5SM UT WOS:000392555000011 ER PT J AU Briggs, KB Craig, JK Shivarudrappa, S Richards, TM AF Briggs, Kevin B. Craig, J. Kevin Shivarudrappa, S. Richards, T. M. TI Macrobenthos and megabenthos responses to long-term, large-scale hypoxia on the Louisiana continental shelf SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hypoxia; Macrobenthos; Megabenthos; Assemblage composition; Cluster analysis; Diversity; Gulf of Mexico; Louisiana ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; ESTUARINE FOOD-WEB; BENTHIC MACROFAUNA; SEASONAL HYPOXIA; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; ORGANIC ENRICHMENT; PERIODIC HYPOXIA; DEMERSAL FISHES AB The macrobenthos and megabenthos responses to long-term, recurring hypoxia on the Louisiana continental shelf were compared at four locations with different historical (2000-2010) episodes of annual exposure to bottom-water hypoxia. Measurements of abundance, biomass, species diversity, and community composition of the two size classes of benthos suggested that the macrobenthic response is driven chiefly by tolerance to hypoxia, whereas the megabenthic response was affected by the ability to migrate and the availability/unavailability of macrobenthos prey at the sediment surface. The site exposed to the historically lowest average bottom-water dissolved oxygen (BWDO) concentration exhibited the lowest species diversity for macrobenthos and the highest species diversity for megabenthos, exemplifying the differential effects of hypoxia on different size classes. The high diversity and smaller average size of the megabenthos at the lowest DO site was due to high abundance of invertebrates and a preponderance of small, less vagile fishes that appeared to remain in the area after larger dominant sciaenids had presumably emigrated. The average size and the depth of habitation in the sediment of macrobenthos prey may have also influenced the abundance and biomass of megabenthos foragers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Briggs, Kevin B.] Naval Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Craig, J. Kevin] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Shivarudrappa, S.] Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, 8124 Highway 56, Chauvin, LA 70344 USA. [Richards, T. M.] Texas A&M Univ Galveston, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77554 USA. EM Kevin.B.Briggs@usm.edu FU Office of Naval Research; NOAA Center for sponsored Coastal Ocean Research [NA09NOS4780186] FX We would like to thank D. McClain, J. Watkins, J. Dale, M. Spearman, V. Hartmann, G. Cartwright, K. Fall, W. Gardner, M. Fisher, Z. Liu, and L. Xiao for their assistance with the fieldwork on the cruise. D. Menke, C. Rakocinski, R. Heard, S. LeCroy, G. Gaston, J. McLelland, and J. Blake provided invaluable taxonomic assistance and E. Gallagher contributed statistical insights on species diversity. S. Pazos, A. Kincke-Tootle, and A. Eubanks assisted with the laboratory work. Our special thanks go to Nancy Rabalais for providing the bottom 02 data and especially to the captain and crew of the R/V Pelican for their assistance and professionalism. The Office of Naval Research and a grant to JKC from the NOAA Center for sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (grant #: NA09NOS4780186) provided support for this research. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 EI 1879-0291 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 123 BP 38 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.11.008 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA EI7JP UT WOS:000392674300004 PM 27912074 ER PT J AU Phillips, MM Bedner, M Reitz, M Burdette, CQ Nelson, MA Yen, JH Sander, LC Rimmer, CA AF Phillips, Melissa M. Bedner, Mary Reitz, Manuela Burdette, Carolyn Q. Nelson, Michael A. Yen, James H. Sander, Lane C. Rimmer, Catherine A. TI Liquid chromatography with absorbance detection and with isotope-dilution mass spectrometry for determination of isoflavones in soy standard reference materials SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Isoflavones; Soy; Reference material ID DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; PHYTOESTROGENS; IDENTIFICATION; SEPARATION; FLAVONOIDS; SOYBEANS; SCHEME; FOODS AB Two independent analytical approaches, based on liquid chromatography with absorbance detection and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection, have been developed for determination of isoflavones in soy materials. These two methods yield comparable results for a variety of soy-based foods and dietary supplements. Four Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) have been produced by the National Institute of Standards and Technology to assist the food and dietary supplement community in method validation and have been assigned values for isoflavone content using both methods. These SRMs include SRM 3234 Soy Flour, SRM 3236 Soy Protein Isolate, SRM 3237 Soy Protein Concentrate, and SRM 3238 Soy-Containing Solid Oral Dosage Form. A fifth material, SRM 3235 Soy Milk, was evaluated using the methods and found to be inhomogeneous for isoflavones and unsuitable for value assignment. C1 [Phillips, Melissa M.; Bedner, Mary; Burdette, Carolyn Q.; Nelson, Michael A.; Sander, Lane C.; Rimmer, Catherine A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Reitz, Manuela] Univ Tubingen, Inst Organ Chem, Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Yen, James H.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phillips, MM (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM melissa.phillips@nist.gov FU National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements (NIH-ODS) FX The authors wish to acknowledge the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements (NIH-ODS) for financial support of this work, and helpful discussions with Joseph Betz (NIH-ODS) related to development of the soy Standard Reference Materials. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 409 IS 4 BP 949 EP 960 DI 10.1007/s00216-016-9997-7 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA EI6QZ UT WOS:000392622200010 PM 27832301 ER PT J AU He, LM Marcinkevage, C AF He, Li-Ming Marcinkevage, Cathy TI Incorporating thermal requirements into flow regime development for multiple Pacific salmonid species in regulated rivers SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Stream restoration; Instream flow; Reservoir reoperation; Water temperature; Chinook salmon; Steelhead trout ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; STREAM TEMPERATURE; WATER TEMPERATURE; CHUM SALMON; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; EMBRYOS; ALEVINS; ECOSYSTEMS; SURVIVAL AB It has long been recognized that altered flow regimes and warm water temperature are among major stressors that have contributed to the precipitous decline of salmonid populations in California's Central Valley, resulting in many of them being listed as endangered or threatened pursuant to the U.S. Endangered Species Act. While it is widely acknowledged that water temperature affects all freshwater life stages of salmonids, it has not been a focus when developing instream flow requirements. In this study, we developed a framework that incorporates water temperature requirements into flow regime development for multiple Pacific salmonid species. We applied this framework to Clear Creek, an upper Central Valley stream that supports three salmonid species and has been regulated by reservoir releases for instream flow since 1963 when Whiskeytown dam was built. The analysis of flow data indicated that from the pre-project (i.e., pre-dam) period to post-project period, flow magnitude was reduced by 45-76% for flood flows, 43% for spring pulse flows, and 27-53% for monthly average flows from January through May. Water temperature from 1996 to 2013 exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended criteria for salmonids from May to October, with most exceedances occurring in September, followed by May and October. Statistical analyses suggested that the abundances of both adult and juvenile salmonids in Clear Creek were strongly correlated to flow magnitude, water temperature, or both. Higher flows that coincided with adult immigration were correlated to higher numbers of adults spawning in Clear Creek, which in turn produced a higher number of juveniles; however, higher flows that occurred during the early life stages (e.g., fry) appeared to reduce the number of outmigrating juveniles. Higher water temperatures in the immigration, spawning, and juvenile rearing periods were correlated with reduced numbers of both adult and juvenile spring-run Chinook salmon in Clear Creek. High water temperatures in June and July were correlated with reduced number of outmigrating juvenile steelhead. Adult or juvenile fall-run Chinook salmon showed either a curvilinear or linear relationship with water temperature during their immigration, spawning, and rearing periods. Based on the pre-project flow and strong correlation between fish abundance and flow or water temperature, we developed a flow regime that incorporates water temperature requirements and other needs of different life stages of salmonids. The flow regime includes the following elements: winter and spring base flow, summer and fall water temperature sustaining flow, winter floodplain inundation flow, and spring pulse flow. This approach can be applied to other regulated streams for developing flow regimes to conserve and recover listed salmonid species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [He, Li-Ming; Marcinkevage, Cathy] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv West Coast Reg, NOAA, Calif Cent Valley Off, 650 Capitol Mall,Suite 5-100, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP He, LM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv West Coast Reg, NOAA, Calif Cent Valley Off, 650 Capitol Mall,Suite 5-100, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. EM li-ming.he@noaa.gov; cathy.marcinkevage@noaa.gov NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 EI 1872-6992 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 99 BP 141 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.11.009 PG 18 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA EH5UO UT WOS:000391838600016 ER PT J AU Pourarian, S Wen, J Veronica, D Pertzborn, A Zhou, XH Liu, R AF Pourarian, Shokouh Wen, Jin Veronica, Daniel Pertzborn, Amanda Zhou, Xiaohui Liu, Ran TI A tool for evaluating fault detection and diagnostic methods for fan coil units SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE Fan Coil unit; Simulation; Fault-free and faulty conditions; AFDD ID FUZZY MODEL; PART; VALIDATION AB Dynamic simulation tools that could accurately simulate operational data for both the fault-free and faulty dynamic operation of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and equipment are needed for developing and evaluating advanced control and automated fault detection and diagnosis strategies. Among various HVAC subsystems, fan coil units (FCUs) are relatively simple, inexpensive devices that are used extensively in commercial, institutional and multifamily residential buildings. However, very little has been reported in the literature to improve FCU design and operation. There has also been a lack of dynamic simulation tool development focusing on FCUs. The work reported in this study aims at developing and validating a software tool to simulate operational data generated from FCUs that are operated dynamically under both faulty and fault-free conditions. A comprehensive and systematic validation process, using data collected from real FCUs in a laboratory building, is used to validate the tool under both faulty and fault-free operating conditions in different seasons. The validated tool not only is able to predict real-world FCU behaviors under different control strategies, but it is also able to predict symptoms associated with various faults, as well as the effects of those faults on system performance and occupant comfort. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pourarian, Shokouh; Wen, Jin] Drexel Univ, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Veronica, Daniel; Pertzborn, Amanda] NIST, EL, EED, Mech Syst & Controls Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Xiaohui; Liu, Ran] Iowa Energy Ctr, Ankeny, IA USA. RP Pourarian, S (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM shpoorarian@gmail.com FU United states National Institute of Standard and Technology [NIST 10D243] FX Financial support provided by the United states National Institute of Standard and Technology (Grant NIST 10D243) is greatly appreciated. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 EI 1872-6178 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 136 BP 151 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.12.018 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA EI2XV UT WOS:000392354100013 ER PT J AU Habte, F Chowdhury, AG Yeo, DH Simiu, E AF Habte, Filmon Chowdhury, Arindam Gan Yeo, DongHun Simiu, Emil TI Design of rigid structures for wind using time series of demand-to-capacity indexes: Application to steel portal frames SO ENGINEERING STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Aerodynamics; Database-assisted design; Demand-to-capacity indexes; Parameter-free statistics; Structural engineering; Wind climatology; Wind engineering ID LOW-RISE BUILDINGS; AERODYNAMIC DATABASE; INTERPOLATION; PRESSURE AB Estimates of wind effects on rigid buildings by database-assisted design (DAD) methods can be far more accurate than those based on information available in standards. An upgraded version of DAD is presented that streamlines the wind engineering/structural engineering components of the design process by allowing the direct computation of Demand-to-Capacity Indexes (DCIs). The computation achieves the rigorous combination of imperfectly correlated time series of wind forces and effects, thus eliminating errors due to subjective estimates of combined effects. The basic approach being presented is applicable to any rigid building. This paper focuses on simple buildings with gable roofs, portal frames, and bracing parallel to the ridge. Useful features of this work include: the capability to use the two largest building aerodynamics databases available worldwide; the use of large simulated extreme wind databases for hurricane- and non-hurricane-prone regions; a novel interpolation scheme allowing the design of buildings with dimensions not represented in the databases; an effective multiple-points-in-time algorithm for estimating peaks; and parameter-free methods for estimating DCIs with specified mean recurrence intervals. Case studies indicated that the proposed interpolation scheme was satisfactory. The results obtained confirm: (i) published results which show that the ASCE 7-10 envelope procedure can significantly underestimate wind effects; (ii) the mutual consistency for practical purposes of the two aerodynamic databases being used; and (iii) DAD's potential for practical use in structural design. The software developed for the implementation of the procedure is available at http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/winds/iterative_design/wind_design.htm. A user's manual is available at http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/TechnicalNotes/NIST.TN.1908.pdf. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Habte, Filmon] Karen Clark & Co KCC, Boston, MA USA. [Chowdhury, Arindam Gan] Florida Int Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Yeo, DongHun; Simiu, Emil] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yeo, DH (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fhabte@karenclarkandco.com; chowdhur@fiu.edu; donghun.yeo@nist.gov; emil.simiu@nist.gov FU Florida International University, Graduate School FX Helpful comments and valuable assistance by Dr. Joseph A. Main, Dr. Sejun Park and Mr. N. Alan Heckert of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the careful review by Prof. Yongwook Kim of the Manhattan College, are acknowledged with thanks. Filmon Habte gratefully acknowledges the scholarship support provided by the Presidential Fellowship (Florida International University, Graduate School). NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-0296 EI 1873-7323 J9 ENG STRUCT JI Eng. Struct. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 132 BP 428 EP 442 DI 10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.11.024 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA EI0LE UT WOS:000392165200029 ER PT J AU Fandel, CL Lippmann, TC Irish, JD Brothers, LL AF Fandel, Christina L. Lippmann, Thomas C. Irish, James D. Brothers, Laura L. TI Observations of pockmark flow structure in Belfast Bay, Maine, Part 1: current-induced mixing SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATE ESTUARIES; FORM DRAG; SEA; NORWAY AB Field observations of current profiles and temperature, salinity, and density structure were used to examine vertical mixing within two pockmarks in Belfast Bay, Maine. The first is located in 21 m water depth (sea level to rim), nearly circular in shape with a 45 m rim diameter and 12 m rim-to-bottom relief. The second is located in 25 m water depth, more elongated in shape with an approximately 80 m (36 m) major (minor) axis length at the rim, and 17 m relief. Hourly averaged current profiles were acquired from bottom-mounted acoustic Doppler current profilers deployed on the rim and center of each pockmark over successive 42 h periods in July 2011. Conductivity-temperature-depth casts at the rim and center of each pockmark show warmer, fresher water in the upper water column, evidence of both active and fossil thermocline structure 5-8 m above the rim, and well-mixed water below the rim to the bottom. Vertical velocities show up- and down-welling events that extend into the depths of each pockmark. An observed temperature change at both the rim and center occurs coincident with an overturning event below the rim, and suggests active mixing of the water column into the depths of each pockmark. Vertical profiles of horizontal velocities show depth variation at both the center and rim consistent with turbulent logarithmic current boundary layers, and suggest that form drag may possibly be influencing the local flow regime. While resource limitations prevented observation of the current structure and water properties at a control site, the acquired data suggest that active mixing and overturning within the sampled pockmarks occur under typical benign conditions, and that current flows are influenced by upstream bathymetric irregularities induced by distant pockmarks. C1 [Fandel, Christina L.; Lippmann, Thomas C.; Irish, James D.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, 24 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Fandel, Christina L.] NOAA, Hydrog Surveys Div, Off Coast Survey, 1315 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Brothers, Laura L.] US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lippmann, TC (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, 24 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM lippmann@ccom.unh.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under NOAA [NA10NOS4000073] FX Data collected as part of this study are available at the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, University of New Hampshire under the experiment name "2011 Belfast Bay Pockmark Experiment". J. Kelley of the University of Maine provided the multibeam bathymetry map from which candidate pockmarks were identified for further consideration. This study was based on a model conceived and developed by P. Koons of the University of Maine, and the many observations and interpretations made by J. Kelley, D. Bleknap (University of Maine), W. Barnhardt (USGS), and B. Andrews (USGS). Field assistance was provided by Capt. Emily Terry, Capt. Ben Smith, and Jon Hunt. Comments by Diane Foster, Zafere Defne, O. Hammer, and an anonymous reviewer greatly improved the manuscript. This study was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under NOAA grant NA10NOS4000073. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 EI 1432-1157 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 37 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1007/s00367-016-0472-4 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA EI2JP UT WOS:000392313500001 ER PT J AU Fandel, CL Lippmann, TC Foster, DL Brothers, LL AF Fandel, Christina L. Lippmann, Thomas C. Foster, Diane L. Brothers, Laura L. TI Observations of pockmark flow structure in Belfast Bay, Maine, Part 2: evidence for cavity flow SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATIONS; SEPARATION; CURRENTS AB Pockmark flow circulation patterns were investigated through current measurements along the rim and center of two pockmarks in Belfast Bay, Maine. Observed time-varying current profiles have a complex vertical and directional structure that rotates significantly with depth and is strongly dependent on the phase of the tide. Observations of the vertical profiles of horizontal velocities in relation to relative geometric parameters of the pockmark are consistent with circulation patterns described qualitatively by cavity flow models (Ashcroft and Zhang 2005). The time-mean behavior of the shear layer is typically used to characterize cavity flow, and was estimated using vorticity thickness to quantify the growth rate of the shear layer horizontally across the pockmark. Estimated positive vorticity thickness spreading rates are consistent with cavity flow predictions, and occur at largely different rates between the two pockmarks. Previously modeled flow (Brothers et al. 2011) and laboratory measurements (Pau et al. 2014) over pockmarks of similar geometry to those examined herein are also qualitatively consistent with cavity flow circulation, suggesting that cavity flow may be a good first-order flow model for pockmarks in general. C1 [Fandel, Christina L.; Lippmann, Thomas C.; Foster, Diane L.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, 24 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Fandel, Christina L.] NOAA, Hydrog Surveys Div, Off Coast Survey, 1315 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Brothers, Laura L.] US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lippmann, TC (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, 24 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM lippmann@ccom.unh.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under NOAA [NA10NOS4000073] FX Data obtained in this study are available at the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, University of New Hampshire under the experiment name "2011 Belfast Bay Pockmark Experiment". J. Kelley of the University of Maine provided the multibeam bathymetry map from which candidate pockmarks were identified for further study. This work was based upon a model conceived by P. Koons at the University of Maine and the many observations and interpretations made by J. Kelley, D. Belknap (University of Maine), W. Barnhardt (USGS) and B. Andrews (USGS). Field assistance was provided by J. Irish, Capt. E. Terry, Capt. B. Smith, and J. Hunt. Comments by J. Irish, T. Karla, and the anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. This research was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under NOAA grant NA10NOS4000073. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 EI 1432-1157 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 37 IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s00367-016-0473-3 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA EI2JP UT WOS:000392313500002 ER PT J AU Fandel, CL Lippmann, TC Foster, DL Brothers, LL AF Fandel, Christina L. Lippmann, Thomas C. Foster, Diane L. Brothers, Laura L. TI Observations of pockmark flow structure in Belfast Bay, Maine, Part 3: implications for sediment transport SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; EROSION; BED; STABILITY; ESTUARIES; MARINE; FLUXES; SCALE; FLUME AB Current observations and sediment characteristics acquired within and along the rim of two pockmarks in Belfast Bay, Maine, were used to characterize periods of sediment transport and to investigate conditions favorable to the settling of suspended sediment. Hourly averaged Shields parameters determined from horizontal current velocity profiles within the center of each pockmark never exceed the critical value (approximated with the theoretical model of Dade et al. 1992). However, Shields parameters estimated at the pockmark rims periodically exceed the critical value, consistent with conditions that support the onset of sediment transport and suspension. Below the rim in the near-center of each pockmark, depth-averaged vertical velocities were less than zero (downward) 60% and 55% of the time in the northern and southern pockmarks, and were often comparable to depth-averaged horizontal velocities. Along the rim, depth-averaged vertical velocities over the lower 8 m of the water column were primarily downward but much less than depth-averaged horizontal velocities indicating that suspended sediment may be moved to distant locations. Maximum grain sizes capable of remaining in suspension under terminal settling flow conditions (ranging 10-170 mu m) were typically much greater than the observed median grain diameter (about 7 mu m) at the bed. During upwelling flow within the pockmarks, and in the absence of flocculation, suspended sediment would not settle. The greater frequency of predicted periods of sediment transport along the rim of the southern pockmark is consistent with pockmark morphology in Belfast Bay, which transitions from more spherical to more elongated toward the south, suggesting near-bed sediment transport may contribute to post-formation pockmark evolution during typical conditions in Belfast Bay. C1 [Fandel, Christina L.; Lippmann, Thomas C.; Foster, Diane L.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, 24 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Fandel, Christina L.] NOAA, Hydrog Surveys Div, Off Coast Survey, 1315 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Brothers, Laura L.] US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lippmann, TC (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, 24 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM lippmann@ccom.unh.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under NOAA [NA10NOS4000073] FX Data used in this study are available at the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, University of New Hampshire under the experiment name "2011 Belfast Bay Pockmark Experiment". J. Kelley of the University of Maine provided the multibeam bathymetry map from which candidate pockmarks were identified for further study. This work was based upon a model conceived by P. Koons at the University of Maine and the many observations and interpretations made by J. Kelley, D. Belknap (University of Maine), W. Barnhardt (USGS), and B. Andrews (USGS). L. Giosan generously provided the use of the LS 13 230 Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyzer at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Field assistance was provided by J. Irish, Capt. E. Terry, Capt. B. Smith, and J. Hunt. Comments by J. Irish, D. Nowacki, and the anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. This research was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under NOAA gran NA10NOS4000073. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 EI 1432-1157 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 37 IS 1 BP 23 EP 34 DI 10.1007/s00367-016-0474-2 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA EI2JP UT WOS:000392313500003 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Han, Y Weng, FZ AF Chen, Yong Han, Yong Weng, Fuzhong TI Characterization of Long-Term Stability of Suomi NPP Cross-Track Infrared Sounder Spectral Calibration SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Cross-track infrared sounder (CrIS); long-term spectral stability; Neon calibration subsystem; spectral accuracy; spectral validation method; Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) ID UNCERTAINTY; AIRS; IASI AB Since early 2012, the cross-track infrared sounder (CrIS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership satellite has continually provided the hyperspectral infrared observations for profiling atmospheric temperature, moisture, and greenhouse gases. The CrIS radiance data are also directly assimilated into global numerical weather prediction models to improve the medium-range forecasts. These important applications require accurate CrIS calibration. Since CrIS radiometric accuracy depends on the accurate spectral calibration, it is important to reduce the spectral uncertainty and increase the calibration stability for weather and climate applications. In this paper, the accuracy of CrIS spectral calibration and its stability are assessed using the operational sensor data record (SDR) data generated by the interface data processing segment (IDPS). A spectral validation method is developed and applied to clear scene data over ocean from September 22, 2012, to April 19, 2016. It is shown that CrIS metrology laser wavelength varies within 3 ppm, as measured by the Neon calibration subsystem. While the current CrIS operational algorithm is designed to have a spectra error less than 2 ppm, the actual spectral errors are about 4 ppm due to the IDPS software bugs. A new correction method is applied to fix the bugs and to further improve CrIS spectral calibration. It is found that the CrIS spectral calibration accuracy is less than 1 ppm in both normal and full spectral resolution SDR data sets. C1 [Chen, Yong] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Res Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Han, Yong; Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Res Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM yong.chen@noaa.gov; yong.han@noaa.gov; fuzhong.weng@noaa.gov RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010; Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Chen, Yong/E-4321-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179; Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; Chen, Yong/0000-0002-0279-9405 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA14NES4320003] FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant NA14NES4320003 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites: Cooperative Agreement 2014-2019) at the University of Maryland/ESSIC. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD FEB PY 2017 VL 55 IS 2 BP 1147 EP 1159 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2620438 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EI3LI UT WOS:000392391800042 ER PT J AU Levin, I Krayzman, V Vanderah, TA Tomczyk, M Wu, H Tucker, MG Playford, HY Woicik, JC Dennis, CL Vilarinho, PM AF Levin, I. Krayzman, V. Vanderah, T. A. Tomczyk, M. Wu, H. Tucker, M. G. Playford, H. Y. Woicik, J. C. Dennis, C. L. Vilarinho, P. M. TI Oxygen-storage behavior and local structure in Ti-substituted YMnO3 SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Hexagonal manganates; Oxygen storage; Redox; Diffraction; Local structure ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; FERROELECTRICITY AB Hexagonal manganates RMnO3 (R=Y, Ho, Dy) have been recently shown to exhibit oxygen-storage capacities promising for three-way catalysts, air-separation, and related technologies. Here, we demonstrate that Ti substitution for Mn can be used to chemically tune the oxygen-breathing properties of these materials towards practical applications. Specifically, Y(Mn1-xTix)O-3 solid solutions exhibit facile oxygen absorption/desorption via reversible Ti3+<-> Ti4+ and Mn3+<-> Mn4+ reactions already in ambient air at approximate to 400 degrees C and approximate to 250 degrees C, respectively. On cooling, the oxidation of both cations is accompanied by oxygen uptake yielding a formula YMn1-x-y3+Mny4+Tix4+O3+delta. The presence of Ti promotes the oxidation of Mn3+ to Mn4+, which is almost negligible for YMnO3 in air, thereby increasing the uptake of oxygen beyond that required for a given Ti4+ concentration. The reversibility of the redox reactions is limited by sluggish kinetics; however, the oxidation process continues, if slowly, even at room temperature. The extra oxygen atoms are accommodated by the large interstices within a triangular lattice formed by the [MnO5] trigonal bipyramids. According to bond distances from Rietveld refinements using the neutron diffraction data, the YMnO3 structure features under-bonded Mn and even more severely under-bonded oxygen atoms that form the trigonal bases of the [MnO5] bipyramids. The tensile bond strain around the 5-fold coordinated Mn site and the strong preference of Ti4+(and Mn4+) for higher coordination numbers likely provide driving forces for the oxidation reaction. Reverse Monte Carlo refinements of the local atomic displacements using neutron total scattering revealed how the excess oxygen atoms are accommodated in the structure by correlated local displacements of the host atoms. Large displacements of the under-bonded host oxygen atoms play a key part in this lattice-relaxation process, facilitating reversible exchange of significant amounts of oxygen with atmosphere. C1 [Levin, I.; Krayzman, V.; Vanderah, T. A.; Wu, H.; Woicik, J. C.; Dennis, C. L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tomczyk, M.; Vilarinho, P. M.] Univ Aveiro, Dept Ceram & Glass Engn, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. [Tucker, M. G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Playford, H. Y.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot, Oxon, England. RP Levin, I (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM igor.levin@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Portions of this research were carried out at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NIST beamline X23A2), Brookhaven National Laboratory, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. We thank the STFC (UK) for access to the ISIS facility. The neutron total-scattering data for pure YMnO3 were collected as a part of Prof. Martin Dove's beam time (proposal RB1410591) on the Polaris diffractometer at ISIS; a full analysis of these data will be published in a further article. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 EI 1095-726X J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 246 BP 29 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2016.10.029 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA EI3BD UT WOS:000392363800005 ER PT J AU Murphy, DM AF Murphy, Daniel M. TI The sTOF, a Favorable Geometry for a Time-of-Flight Analyzer SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Time-of-flight; Laser ionization; Aerosol ID MASS SPECTROMETERS AB A new geometry for the flight region in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer is presented. It consists of two opposing electrostatic sectors of about 255A degrees each and straight sections with a length appropriate to the turns. The resulting geometry folds into a compact space. The first-order aberrations for position, angle, and energy are all zero. The transverse focusing properties are also excellent. For an energetic, high-divergence ion source such as laser ablation, the sTOF has higher resolution and ion transmission than a reflectron of similar physical size. C1 [Murphy, Daniel M.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Murphy, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM daniel.m.murphy@noaa.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NOAA FX The LAAP-TOF spectrum in Figure 4a was provided by Nicholas Marsden. This work was supported by NOAA base and climate funding. A patent application has been filed on portions of this design. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 EI 1879-1123 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 28 IS 2 BP 242 EP 246 DI 10.1007/s13361-016-1518-6 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA EI2LU UT WOS:000392319600004 PM 27830526 ER PT J AU Butler, R Walsh, D Richards, K AF Butler, Rhett Walsh, David Richards, Kevin TI Extreme tsunami inundation in Hawai'i from Aleutian-Alaska subduction zone earthquakes SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami modeling; 1946 tsunami; Earthquake source mechanisms; Tsunami inundation; North Pacific; Aleutian Islands; and Hawai'i ID SUMATRA-ANDAMAN EARTHQUAKE; SURFACE DEFORMATION; GREAT EARTHQUAKES; SLIP DISTRIBUTION; WAVE RUNUP; INVERSION; MODEL AB The 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami motivated an analysis of the potential for great tsunamis in Hawai'i that significantly exceed the historical record. The largest potential tsunamis that may impact the state from distant, Mw 9 earthquakes-as forecast by two independent tsunami models-originate in the Eastern Aleutian Islands. This analysis is the basis for creating an extreme tsunami evacuation zone, updating prior zones based only on historical tsunami inundation. We first validate the methodology by corroborating that the largest historical tsunami in 1946 is consistent with the seismologically determined earthquake source and observed historical tsunami amplitudes in Hawai'i. Using prior source characteristics of Mw 9 earthquakes (fault area, slip, and distribution), we analyze parametrically the range of Aleutian-Alaska earthquake sources that produce the most extreme tsunami events in Hawai'i. Key findings include: (1) An Mw 8.6 +/- 0.1 1946 Aleutian earthquake source fits Hawai'i tsunami run-up/inundation observations, (2) for the 40 scenarios considered here, maximal tsunami inundations everywhere in the Hawaiian Islands cannot be generated by a single large earthquake, (3) depending on location, the largest inundations may occur for either earthquakes with the largest slip at the trench, or those with broad faulting over an extended area, (4) these extremes are shown to correlate with the frequency content (wavelength) of the tsunami, (5) highly variable slip along the fault strike has only a minor influence on inundation at these tele-tsunami distances, and (6) for a given maximum average fault slip, increasing the fault area does not generally produce greater run-up, as the additional wave energy enhances longer wavelengths, with a modest effect on inundation. C1 [Butler, Rhett] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, 1680 East West Rd,POST 602, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Walsh, David] NOAA, Pacific Tsunami Warning Ctr, Inouye Reg Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96816 USA. [Richards, Kevin] Hawaii Emergency Management Agcy, 3949 Diamond Head Rd, Honolulu, HI 96816 USA. RP Butler, R (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, 1680 East West Rd,POST 602, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM rgb@hawaii.edu FU Emergency Management Agency; UH School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST) FX The work has greatly benefited by collaboration with the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC). In particular, RB thanks PTWC for access to their SIFT/SIM tsunami codes for the analysis work. For their insightful discussions of tsunamis, we thank Gerard Fryer and Chip McCreery at PTWC and Yefei Bai, Kwok Fai Cheung, and Yoshiki Yamazaki at the Hawai'i Tsunami Mapping Project (HTMP) at the University of Hawai'i (UH). We thank Yefei Bai and HTMP for providing access and expert assistance in using the NEOWAVE tsunami code for high-resolution tsunami forecast simulations. This work was supported in part by the Hawaii State Civil Defense (now Emergency Management Agency) and by the UH School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST). SOEST Contribution No. 9853, HIGP Contribution No. 2235. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD FEB PY 2017 VL 85 IS 3 BP 1591 EP 1619 DI 10.1007/s11069-016-2650-0 PG 29 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA EI2FS UT WOS:000392302700014 ER PT J AU Matsushita, S Asada, K Martin-Cocher, PL Chen, MT Ho, PTP Inoue, M Koch, PM Paine, SN Turner, DD AF Matsushita, Satoki Asada, Keiichi Martin-Cocher, Pierre L. Chen, Ming-Tang Ho, Paul T. P. Inoue, Makoto Koch, Patrick M. Paine, Scott N. Turner, David D. TI 3.5 Year Monitoring of 225 GHz Opacity at the Summit of Greenland SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article DE atmospheric effects; site testing ID PAMPA LA BOLA; 225-GHZ ATMOSPHERIC OPACITY; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; FTS MEASUREMENTS; SUBMILLIMETER ASTRONOMY; A-ASTERISK; WATER; SIZE; DRY AB We present the 3.5 years monitoring results of 225 GHz opacity at the summit of the Greenland ice sheet (Greenland Summit Camp) at an altitude of 3200 m using a tipping radiometer. We chose this site as our submillimeter telescope (Greenland Telescope) site, because conditions are expected to have low submillimeter opacity and because its location offers favorable baselines to existing submillimeter telescopes for global-scale Very Long Baseline Interferometry. The site shows a clear seasonal variation with the average opacity lower by a factor of two during winter. The 25%, 50%, and 75% quartiles of the 225 GHz opacity during the winter months of November through April are 0.046, 0.060, and 0.080, respectively. For the winter quartiles of 25% and 50%, the Greenland site is about 10%-30% worse than the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) or the South Pole sites. Estimated atmospheric transmission spectra in winter season are similar to the ALMA site at lower frequencies (<450 GHz), which are transparent enough to perform astronomical observations almost all of the winter time with opacities <0.5, but 10%-25% higher opacities at higher frequencies (>450 GHz) than those at the ALMA site. This is due to the lower altitude of the Greenland site and the resulting higher line wing opacity from pressure-broadened saturated water lines in addition to higher dry air continuum absorption at higher frequencies. Nevertheless, half of the winter time at the Greenland Summit Camp can be used for astronomical observations at frequencies between 450 GHz and 1000 GHz with opacities <1.2, and 10% of the time show >10% transmittance in the THz (1035 GHz, 1350 GHz, and 1500 GHz) windows. Summer season is good for observations at frequencies lower than 380 GHz. One major advantage of the Greenland Summit Camp site in winter is that there is no diurnal variation due to the polar night condition, and therefore the durations of low-opacity conditions are significantly longer than at the ALMA site. Opacities lower than 0.05 or 0.04 can continue for more than 100 hr. Such long stable opacity conditions do not occur as often even at the South Pole; it happens only for the opacity lower than 0.05. Since the opacity variation is directly related to the sky temperature (background) variation, the Greenland Summit Camp is suitable for astronomical observations that need unusually stable sky background. C1 [Matsushita, Satoki; Asada, Keiichi; Martin-Cocher, Pierre L.; Chen, Ming-Tang; Ho, Paul T. P.; Inoue, Makoto; Koch, Patrick M.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, POB 23-141, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Paine, Scott N.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 78, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Global Syst Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Matsushita, S (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, POB 23-141, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. OI Paine, Scott/0000-0003-4622-5857 FU National Science Council (NSC); Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) of Taiwan [NSC 100-2112-M-001-006-MY3, MoST 103-2112-M-001-032-MY3]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration from National Science Foundation [1304692] FX We would like to thank CPS for providing liquid nitrogen yearly, which was used for the calibration of the radiometer's detector, and to the ICECAPS technicians who assisted us in a timely fashion when needed. We also would like to thank Simon J.E. Radford for providing us with the opacity data of the ALMA and the South Pole sites. The MERRA-2 data used in this study have been provided by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. We are also grateful to the anonymous referee for helpful comments. S.M. is supported by the National Science Council (NSC) and the Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) of Taiwan, NSC 100-2112-M-001-006-MY3 and MoST 103-2112-M-001-032-MY3. D.D.T. was partially supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and grant 1304692 from the National Science Foundation. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 129 IS 972 AR 025001 DI 10.1088/1538-3873/129/972/025001 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EH3OA UT WOS:000391680100001 ER PT J AU Xu, HG Cao, L Zhang, YQ Johnson, RB Wei, YL Zheng, KK Liang, MQ AF Xu, Houguo Cao, Lin Zhang, Yuanqin Johnson, Ronald B. Wei, Yuliang Zheng, Keke Liang, Mengqing TI Dietary arachidonic acid differentially regulates the gonadal steroidogenesis in the marine teleost, tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis), depending on fish gender and maturation stage SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Cynoglossus semilaevis; Diet; 20:4n-6; Sex steroid hormone synthesis ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; BASS DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX; EUROPEAN SEA BASS; OVARIAN-STEROID PRODUCTION; PROTANDROUS BLACK PORGY; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; EGG QUALITY; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; BROODSTOCK DIETS; SENEGALENSIS BROODSTOCK AB A 3-month feeding trial with tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis broodstock was conducted before and during the spawning season to investigate the effects of dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) on the production of sex steroid hormones and gonadal gene expression of key proteins in steroidogenesis. Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated to contain different ARA levels: the control diet without ARA supplementation (C, 0.58% ARA of total fatty acids (TFA)) and two diets with low (5.14% of TFA, ARA-L) or high ARA (15.44% of TFA, ARA-H) supplementation. The diets were randomly assigned to 9 tanks of 3-year-old tongue sole (10 females and 15 males in each tank). Fish were reared in a flowing seawater system and fed to apparent satiation twice daily. At the end of the feeding trial, tissue samples from mature females (MF, with spontaneous ovulation), immature females (IMF, early vitellogenesis), and mature males (MM, expressing milt) were collected to assay the production of sex steroid hormones, gonadal gene expression of sex steroid-synthesizing proteins, as well as the fatty acid profiles of gonad, liver and muscle lipids. Results showed that ARA supplementation significantly reduced the estradiol production in females, but stimulated the testosterone production in males. ARA supplementation significantly reduced the mRNA expression of aromatase in ovaries but significantly increased the gene expression of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) in testes. In mature ovaries, diet ARA-L significantly reduced the gene expression of follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), 3 beta-EISD, and 17 beta-HSD; however, in immature ovaries, it significantly increased the gene expression of FSHR, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450ssc), 3 beta-HSD, and 17 beta-HSD. In all gonads, 17 alpha-hydroxylase (P450c17) responded to dietary ARA differently from other sex steroid-synthesizing proteins. ARA was preferentially accumulated in tongue sole gonad lipids. ARA concentrations were highest in gonad, liver and muscle lipids of MM fish and lowest in MF fish. Compared to female tongue sole, males had higher DHA concentrations in gonad lipids, but lower concentrations in liver lipids. In conclusion, results suggest dietary ARA regulates sex steroid hormone synthesis in tongue sole broodstock, and accumulates in gonad lipids, depending on both fish gender and maturation stage. Dietary ARA supplementation appears more important for male fish than for female fish, and more important for immature females than for mature females. Statement of relevance: This study is beneficial to the broodstock diet formulation. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Houguo; Cao, Lin; Zhang, Yuanqin; Wei, Yuliang; Zheng, Keke; Liang, Mengqing] Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, Yellow Sea Fisheries Res Inst, 106 Nanjing Rd, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. [Johnson, Ronald B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Liang, Mengqing] Qingdao Natl Lab Marine Sci & Technol, Lab Marine Fisheries Sci & Food Prod Proc, 1 Wenhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, Peoples R China. RP Liang, MQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, Yellow Sea Fisheries Res Inst, 106 Nanjing Rd, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. EM liangmq@ysfri.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31402309]; China Post-doctoral Science Foundation [2014M551991]; Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System [CARS-50-G08]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2015T80763] FX This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31402309), Class General Financial Grant from the China Post-doctoral Science Foundation (2014M551991), the Grant from Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (CARS-50-G08, Government of China), and Special Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2015T80763). NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD FEB 1 PY 2017 VL 468 BP 378 EP 385 PN 1 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EG0PR UT WOS:000390735200050 ER PT J AU Miller, TJ Legault, CM AF Miller, Timothy J. Legault, Christopher M. TI Statistical behavior of retrospective patterns and their effects on estimation of stock and harvest status SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Retrospective pattern; Mohn's rho; Stock status; Harvest status ID POPULATION ANALYSIS; MODELS; UNCERTAINTY; FISHERIES; RISK AB The presence of retrospective patterns in stock assessments is problematic for determining stock and harvest status because current estimates of stock size or fishing mortality are consistently lower or higher than those when the assessment model is updated with new data. A statistical measure of evidence for retrospective patterns is needed, but a requisite method to estimate variance of retrospective patterns is lacking. We evaluated the statistical behavior of a parametric bootstrap-based variance estimator for retrospective patterns that arise due to a change in natural mortality using a simulation experiment patterned after an assessment of yellowtail flounder on Georges Bank. We also evaluated effects of retrospective patterns on accuracy of stock assessment results and adjustments to terminal stock attributes intended to correct for retrospective patterns. We focused our analyses on Mohn's rho, but the bootstrap approach could be used with any measure of retrospective pattern. We found that coverage for confidence intervals of Mohn's rho were adequate, particularly for commonly specified percentage levels near 95%. We also found increased statistical efficiency of terminal year stock attributes that are adjusted for estimated retrospective patterns when the model structures used to simulate observations and estimate the parameters were inconsistent. Furthermore, this increase in efficiency was generally greater than the decrease in efficiency of adjusted stock attributes when models for simulated data and parameter estimation were consistent. However, the utility of adjustments for estimating stock and harvest status depended on our expectation for future productivity of the stock and using confidence interval coverage of Mohn's rho to determine whether to adjust terminal stock attributes provided no greater benefit than simply always adjusting. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Miller, Timothy J.; Legault, Christopher M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Miller, TJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM timothy.j.miller@noaa.gov FU NMFS Fisheries and the Environment Program FX We would like to thank the Data Management Systems Division at the Northeast Fisheries Science Center for providing the ability to rapidly perform a massive number of computations for this study. We also thank Jon Deroba and Mike Simpkins, Andre Punt, and an anonymous reviewer for comments that improved the clarity of this manuscript. We acknowledge the NMFS Fisheries and the Environment Program for support to TM. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 186 BP 109 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.08.002 PN 1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EF7FG UT WOS:000390494900012 ER PT J AU Lynch, SD Marcek, BJ Marshall, HM Bushnell, PG Bernal, D Brill, RW AF Lynch, Scott D. Marcek, Benjamin J. Marshall, Heather M. Bushnell, Peter G. Bernal, Diego Brill, Richard W. TI The effects of pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) on the metabolic rate and swimming kinematics of juvenile sandbar shark Carcharhinus plumbeus SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cost of transport; Drag; Hydrodynamics; Metabolic rate; Stride length; Strouhal number; Tail beat ID ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; MARLIN MAKAIRA-NIGRICANS; FISH AGGREGATING DEVICES; PELAGIC LONGLINE GEAR; POSTRELEASE SURVIVAL; WHITE MARLIN; RECREATIONAL FISHERY; HABITAT UTILIZATION; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION AB Pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) have been used since the 1990s to document the movements and post-release survival of numerous fish species. The effects of PSAT attachment on metabolic rate, cost of transport, and swimming kinematics have, however, not been broadly investigated. We therefore quantified the acute effects of PSAT attachment on these parameters in juvenile (47-87 cm fork length) sandbar shark Carcharhinus plumbeus. Using a water tunnel, we also measured the lift and drag forces of PSATs from three manufacturers which allowed us to calculate the theoretical power costs of towing these devices. We found no evidence that PSAT attachment results in increases in metabolic rate or cost of transport, or influences swimming kinematics of juvenile sandbar shark at volitional swimming speeds. Applying drag force measurements obtained for PSATs to our data showed that the predicted fractional increase in metabolic rate engendered by towing one of these devices at a specified velocity, normalized by the metabolic rate when swimming at that velocity minus the standard metabolic rate, would be below 5%. Our results are therefore congruent and suggest that PSAT attachment does not negatively impact juvenile sandbar shark (and by extension other elasmobranch species of equivalent or larger body sizes and employing a similar swimming mode). (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lynch, Scott D.; Bernal, Diego] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dept Biol, 285 Old Westport Rd, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. [Marcek, Benjamin J.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Fisheries Sci, Coll William & Mary, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Marshall, Heather M.] Mote Marine Lab, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Bushnell, Peter G.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 1700 Mishawaka Ave, South Bend, IN 46615 USA. [Brill, Richard W.] NOAA, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 74 Magruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Marcek, BJ (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Fisheries Sci, Coll William & Mary, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM slynch@umassd.edu; bmarcek@vims.edu; hmmarshall@gmail.com; PBushnel@iusb.edu; dbernal@umassd.edu; rbrill@vims.edu FU University of Massachusetts Dartmouth (UMD); Indiana University South Bend; Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA [NSF-IOS-1354593] FX We thank the staff of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science Eastern Shore Laboratory for their continuing and genuine hospitality and technical support. This is contribution 3578 from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. Financial support was provided by the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth (UMD), Indiana University South Bend; and the Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA and NSF-IOS-1354593. We also recognize Ashley Stoehr (Department of Biology, UMD) for her help; and especially John Steffensen and Morten Svendsen (University of Copenhagen) for their review and helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of their agencies or funding bodies. Likewise, mention of trade names or commercial companies is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, or any of its subagencies. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 186 BP 205 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.08.013 PN 1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EF7FG UT WOS:000390494900021 ER PT J AU Zhang, SK Parker, T Zhang, V AF Zhang, Shengkang Parker, Thomas Zhang, Victor TI Doppler sensitivity and its effect on transatlantic TWSTFT links(3) SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE two way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT); Doppler effects; the diurnal pattern ID TIME TRANSFER AB Some investigations have concluded that the diurnal pattern in the time comparison results of present two way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT) links may come mainly from Doppler dependent errors in the time of arrival (TOA) measurements made by the receivers of the TWSTFT modems. In this paper, several experiments were carried out to test if there is a Doppler dependent error in the 'delay' measurements of the receivers currently used. By simulating quantitative Doppler effects in the time transfer signal both on the carrier and the code, a type of Doppler sensitivity on the code was observed in the receivers, which has about - 0.49 ns offset in 'delay' measurement for a 1 x 10(-9) fractional Doppler shift. This sensitivity is basically the same for modems with different serial numbers from the same manufacture. We calculated this Doppler caused diurnal pattern in the time comparison results of the transatlantic TWSTFT link between NIST and PTB and found that it is very small and negligible, because the Doppler dependent error is almost identical in the NIST and PTB measurements and therefore it is nearly canceled in the TWSTFT difference. C1 [Zhang, Shengkang; Parker, Thomas; Zhang, Victor] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zhang, Shengkang] BIRMM, Sci & Technol Metrol & Calibrat Lab, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, SK (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Zhang, SK (reprint author), BIRMM, Sci & Technol Metrol & Calibrat Lab, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM Zhangsk@126.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD FEB PY 2017 VL 54 IS 1 AR 51 DI 10.1088/1681-7575/54/1/51 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA EF5NU UT WOS:000390377700001 ER PT J AU Taylor, D Buckleton, J Bright, JA AF Taylor, Duncan Buckleton, John Bright, Jo-Anne TI Does the use of probabilistic genotyping change the way we should view sub-threshold data? SO Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences LA English DT Article DE DNA profile interpretation; sub-threshold; likelihood ratios; analytical threshold ID MIXED DNA PROFILES; CONTRIBUTORS; NUMBER; MIXTURES AB The sensitivity and resolution of modern DNA profiling hardware is such that forensic laboratories generate more data than they have resources to analyse. One coping mechanism is to set a threshold, above the minimum required by instrument noise, so that weak peaks are screened out. In binary interpretations of forensic profiles, the impact of this threshold (sometimes called an analytical threshold - AT) was minimal as interpretations were often limited to a clear major component. With the introduction of continuous typing systems, the interpretation of weak minor components of mixed DNA profiles is possible and consequently the consideration of peaks just above or just below the analytical threshold becomes relevant. We investigate here the occurrence of low-level DNA profile information, specifically that which falls below the analytical threshold. We investigate how it can be dealt with and the consequences of each choice in the framework of continuous DNA profile interpretation systems. Where appropriate we illustrate how these can be implemented using the probabilistic interpretation software STRmix. We demonstrate a feature of STRmix that allows the analyst to guide the software, using human observation that there is a low-level contributor present, through user-designated prior distributions for contributor mixture proportions. C1 [Taylor, Duncan] Forens Sci South Australia, Dept Biol, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Taylor, Duncan] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Buckleton, John; Bright, Jo-Anne] ESR, Auckland, New Zealand. [Buckleton, John] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Taylor, D (reprint author), Forens Sci South Australia, Dept Biol, Adelaide, SA, Australia.; Taylor, D (reprint author), Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia. EM Duncan.Taylor@sa.gov.au OI Taylor, Duncan/0000-0003-0633-7424 FU US National Institute of Justice [2014-DN-BX-K028] FX This work was supported in part by grant 2014-DN-BX-K028 from the US National Institute of Justice. Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the US Department of Justice or Commerce. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials (or suppliers, or software) are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0045-0618 EI 1834-562X J9 AUST J FORENSIC SCI JI Aust. J. Forensic Sci. PD FEB PY 2017 VL 49 IS 1 BP 78 EP 92 DI 10.1080/00450618.2015.1122082 PG 15 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA EE1CZ UT WOS:000389319700008 ER PT J AU Fujiwara, M Wright, JS Manney, GL Gray, LJ Anstey, J Birner, T Davis, S Gerber, EP Harvey, VL Hegglin, MI Homeyer, CR Knox, JA Kruger, K Lambert, A Long, CS Martineau, P Molod, A Monge-Sanz, BM Santee, ML Tegtmeier, S Chabrillat, S Tan, DGH Jackson, DR Polavarapu, S Compo, GP Dragani, R Ebisuzaki, W Harada, Y Kobayashi, C McCarty, W Onogi, K Pawson, S Simmons, A Wargan, K Whitaker, JS Zou, CZ AF Fujiwara, Masatomo Wright, Jonathon S. Manney, Gloria L. Gray, Lesley J. Anstey, James Birner, Thomas Davis, Sean Gerber, Edwin P. Harvey, V. Lynn Hegglin, Michaela I. Homeyer, Cameron R. Knox, John A. Kruger, Kirstin Lambert, Alyn Long, Craig S. Martineau, Patrick Molod, Andrea Monge-Sanz, Beatriz M. Santee, Michelle L. Tegtmeier, Susann Chabrillat, Simon Tan, David G. H. Jackson, David R. Polavarapu, Saroja Compo, Gilbert P. Dragani, Rossana Ebisuzaki, Wesley Harada, Yayoi Kobayashi, Chiaki McCarty, Will Onogi, Kazutoshi Pawson, Steven Simmons, Adrian Wargan, Krzysztof Whitaker, Jeffrey S. Zou, Cheng-Zhi TI Introduction to the SPARC Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP) and overview of the reanalysis systems SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; GRAVITY-WAVE DRAG; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; OZONE PHOTOCHEMISTRY PARAMETERIZATION; DIFFERENT VERTICAL PARTITIONINGS; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; TROPOPAUSE INVERSION LAYER AB The climate research community uses atmospheric reanalysis data sets to understand a wide range of processes and variability in the atmosphere, yet different reanalyses may give very different results for the same diagnostics. The Stratosphere-troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP) is a coordinated activity to compare reanalysis data sets using a variety of key diagnostics. The objectives of this project are to identify differences among reanalyses and understand their underlying causes, to provide guidance on appropriate usage of various reanalysis products in scientific studies, particularly those of relevance to SPARC, and to contribute to future improvements in the reanalysis products by establishing collaborative links between reanalysis centres and data users. The project focuses predominantly on differences among reanalyses, although studies that include operational analyses and studies comparing reanalyses with observations are also included when appropriate. The emphasis is on diagnostics of the upper troposphere, stratosphere, and lower mesosphere. This paper summarizes the motivation and goals of the S-RIP activity and extensively reviews key technical aspects of the reanalysis data sets that are the focus of this activity. The special issue "The SPARC Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP)" in this journal serves to collect research with relevance to the S-RIP in preparation for the publication of the planned two (interim and full) S-RIP reports. C1 [Fujiwara, Masatomo] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Wright, Jonathon S.] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Manney, Gloria L.] NorthWest Res Associates, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Manney, Gloria L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Gray, Lesley J.] Univ Oxford, Atmospher Ocean & Planetary Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Gray, Lesley J.] NERC, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Anstey, James] Univ Victoria, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [Birner, Thomas] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Davis, Sean] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Davis, Sean; Compo, Gilbert P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gerber, Edwin P.] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, 251 Mercer St, New York, NY 10012 USA. [Harvey, V. Lynn] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Hegglin, Michaela I.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. [Homeyer, Cameron R.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Knox, John A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Kruger, Kirstin] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. [Lambert, Alyn; Santee, Michelle L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Long, Craig S.; Ebisuzaki, Wesley] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Martineau, Patrick] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Molod, Andrea; McCarty, Will; Pawson, Steven; Wargan, Krzysztof] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Code 610-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Monge-Sanz, Beatriz M.; Tan, David G. H.; Dragani, Rossana; Simmons, Adrian] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Tegtmeier, Susann] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Chabrillat, Simon] Royal Belgian Inst Space Aeron BIRA IASB, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Jackson, David R.] Met Off, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Polavarapu, Saroja] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Compo, Gilbert P.; Whitaker, Jeffrey S.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Harada, Yayoi; Onogi, Kazutoshi] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo 1008122, Japan. [Harada, Yayoi; Kobayashi, Chiaki] JMA, Meteorol Res Inst, Climate Res Dept, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Wargan, Krzysztof] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Zou, Cheng-Zhi] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Fujiwara, M (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Fac Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan.; Wright, JS (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM fuji@ees.hokudai.ac.jp; jswright@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Homeyer, Cameron/D-5034-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Birner, Thomas/A-2108-2008 OI Homeyer, Cameron/0000-0002-4883-6670; Birner, Thomas/0000-0002-2966-3428 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (DOE INCITE) program; Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office; Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) [26287117, 16K05548]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; US NSF; NSF CEDAR [1343056]; NASA LWS [NNX14AH54G] FX We acknowledge the scientific guidance and sponsorship of the World Climate Research Programme, coordinated in the framework of SPARC. We are grateful to Ted Shepherd and Greg Bodeker (past SPARC co-chairs) for strong encouragement and valuable advice during the proposal phase of the project during 2011-2012 and Joan Alexander (serving SPARC co-chair during 2013-2015) and Neil Harris (serving SPARC co-chair since 2014) for continued support and encouragement. The Information Initiative Center of Hokkaido University, Japan, has hosted the S-RIP web server since 2014. We thank the reanalysis centres for providing their support and data products. The British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC) of the UK Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) has provided a virtual machine for data processing and a group workspace for data storage. We thank Yulia Zyulyaeva for contributions to the S-RIP as an original member of the working group, as a chapter co-lead through October 2014, and as the designer of the S-RIP logo. We thank Diane Pendlebury for contributions to the S-RIP as a chapter co-lead through August 2015. We thank Quentin Errera, the lead of the SPARC Data Assimilation working group, for co-organizing the 2014, 2015, and 2016 S-RIP workshops. Travel support for some participants of the 2013 planning meeting and the 2014, 2015, and 2016 workshops was provided by SPARC. We thank Peter Haynes, Gabriele Stiller, and William Lahoz for serving as the editors for the special issue "The SPARC Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP)" in this journal. The materials contained in the tables and figures for the technical aspects of the reanalysis data sets have been compiled from a variety of sources, for which we acknowledge the contributions of Santha Akella, Michael Bosilovich, Dick Dee, John Derber, Ron Gelaro, Yu-Tai Hou, Robert Kistler, Daryl Kleist, Shinya Kobayashi, Shrinivas Moorthi, Eric Nielsen, Paul Poli, Bill Putman, Suranjana Saha, Jack Woollen, Fanglin Yang, and Valery Yudin. We thank Kazuyuki Miyazaki and Karen Rosenlof for valuable comments and suggestions on this paper. Support for the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project data set is provided by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (DOE INCITE) program and the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office. Masatomo Fujiwara's contribution was financially supported in part by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) through Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (26287117 and 16K05548). Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was carried out under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Edwin P. Gerber acknowledges support from the US NSF. V. Lynn Harvey was supported by NSF CEDAR grant 1343056 and NASA LWS grant NNX14AH54G. NR 194 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 31 PY 2017 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1417 EP 1452 DI 10.5194/acp-17-1417-2017 PG 36 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EL4SH UT WOS:000394610700002 ER PT J AU Hatch, LE Yokelson, RJ Stockwell, CE Veres, PR Simpson, IJ Blake, DR Orlando, JJ Barsanti, KC AF Hatch, Lindsay E. Yokelson, Robert J. Stockwell, Chelsea E. Veres, Patrick R. Simpson, Isobel J. Blake, Donald R. Orlando, John J. Barsanti, Kelley C. TI Multi-instrument comparison and compilation of non-methane organic gas emissions from biomass burning and implications for smoke-derived secondary organic aerosol precursors SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TRACE GASES; AIR-QUALITY; PTR-MS; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; RATE CONSTANTS; MOLECULAR CORRIDORS; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; PRESCRIBED FIRE; COMPOUNDS VOCS AB Multiple trace-gas instruments were deployed during the fourth Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment (FLAME-4), including the first application of proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOFMS) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-offlight mass spectrometry (GC X GC-TOFMS) for laboratory biomass burning (BB) measurements. Open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (OP-FTIR) was also deployed, as well as whole-air sampling (WAS) with one-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. This combination of instruments provided an unprecedented level of detection and chemical speciation. The chemical composition and emission factors (EFs) determined by these four analytical techniques were compared for four representative fuels. The results demonstrate that the instruments are highly complementary, with each covering some unique and important ranges of compositional space, thus demonstrating the need for multi-instrument approaches to adequately characterize BB smoke emissions. Emission factors for overlapping compounds generally compared within experimental uncertainty, despite some outliers, including monoterpenes. Data from all measurements were synthesized into a single EF database that includes over 500 non-methane organic gases (NMOGs) to provide a comprehensive picture of speciated, gaseous BB emissions. The identified compounds were assessed as a function of volatility; 6-11% of the total NMOG EF was associated with intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs). These atmospherically relevant compounds historically have been unresolved in BB smoke measurements and thus are largely missing from emission inventories. Additionally, the identified compounds were screened for published secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields. Of the total reactive carbon (defined as EF scaled by the OH rate constant and carbon number of each compound) in the BB emissions, 55-77% was associated with compounds for which SOA yields are unknown or understudied. The best candidates for future smog chamber experiments were identified based on the relative abundance and ubiquity of the understudied compounds, and they included furfural, 2-methyl furan, 2-furan methanol, and 1,3-cyclopentadiene. Laboratory study of these compounds will facilitate future modeling efforts. C1 [Hatch, Lindsay E.; Barsanti, Kelley C.] Portland State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Yokelson, Robert J.; Stockwell, Chelsea E.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Veres, Patrick R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Stockwell, Chelsea E.; Veres, Patrick R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Simpson, Isobel J.; Blake, Donald R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Orlando, John J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Hatch, Lindsay E.; Barsanti, Kelley C.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Hatch, Lindsay E.; Barsanti, Kelley C.] Univ Calif Riverside, CE CERT, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Barsanti, KC (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM kbarsanti@engr.ucr.edu RI Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808; FU National Science Foundation [AGS-PRF-1231128, ATM-0936321]; NASA Earth Science Division [NNX14AP45G]; BLM Joint Fire Science Program [14-1-03-44] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grants AGS-PRF-1231128 and ATM-0936321), NASA Earth Science Division (award NNX14AP45G), and BLM Joint Fire Science Program (grant 14-1-03-44). Betsy Stone and Thilina Jayarathne (University of Iowa) are thanked for providing the organic aerosol concentrations. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 31 PY 2017 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1471 EP 1489 DI 10.5194/acp-17-1471-2017 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EL4SH UT WOS:000394610700004 ER PT J AU Choudhary, K Congo, FYP Liang, T Becker, C Hennig, RG Tavazza, F AF Choudhary, Kamal Congo, Faical Yannick P. Liang, Tao Becker, Chandler Hennig, Richard G. Tavazza, Francesca TI Evaluation and comparison of classical interatomic potentials through a user-friendly interactive web-interface SO SCIENTIFIC DATA LA English DT Article; Data Paper ID REACTIVE FORCE-FIELD; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SYSTEMS; HYDROCARBONS; ENERGY; ORDER; IMPURITIES AB Classical empirical potentials/force-fields (FF) provide atomistic insights into material phenomena through molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations. Despite their wide applicability, a systematic evaluation of materials properties using such potentials and, especially, an easy-to-use user-interface for their comparison is still lacking. To address this deficiency, we computed energetics and elastic properties of variety of materials such as metals and ceramics using a wide range of empirical potentials and compared them to density functional theory (DFT) as well as to experimental data, where available. The database currently consists of 3248 entries including energetics and elastic property calculations, and it is still increasing. We also include computational tools for convex-hull plots for DFT and FF calculations. The data covers 1471 materials and 116 force-fields. In addition, both the complete database and the software coding used in the process have been released for public use online (presently at http://www.ctcms.nist.gov/similar to knc6/periodic.html) in a user-friendly way designed to enable further material design and discovery. C1 [Choudhary, Kamal; Congo, Faical Yannick P.; Tavazza, Francesca] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liang, Tao] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. [Becker, Chandler] NIST, Off Data & Informat, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hennig, Richard G.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Choudhary, K (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kamal.choudhary@nist.gov NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2052-4463 J9 SCI DATA JI Sci. Data PD JAN 31 PY 2017 VL 4 AR 160125 DI 10.1038/sdata.2016.125 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EJ3EU UT WOS:000393096200001 PM 28140407 ER PT J AU Brette, F Shiels, HA Galli, GLJ Cros, C Incardona, JP Scholz, NL Block, BA AF Brette, Fabien Shiels, Holly A. Galli, Gina L. J. Cros, Caroline Incardona, John P. Scholz, Nathaniel L. Block, Barbara A. TI A Novel Cardiotoxic Mechanism for a Pervasive Global Pollutant SO Scientific Reports LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; WEATHERED CRUDE-OIL; HERRING CLUPEA-PALLASI; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES; CARDIAC-ARRHYTHMIA; BLUEFIN TUNA; FISH EMBRYOS; HEART-MUSCLE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY AB The Deepwater Horizon disaster drew global attention to the toxicity of crude oil and the potential for adverse health effects amongst marine life and spill responders in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The blowout released complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into critical pelagic spawning habitats for tunas, billfishes, and other ecologically important top predators. Crude oil disrupts cardiac function and has been associated with heart malformations in developing fish. However, the precise identity of cardiotoxic PAHs, and the mechanisms underlying contractile dysfunction are not known. Here we show that phenanthrene, a PAH with a benzene 3-ring structure, is the key moiety disrupting the physiology of heart muscle cells. Phenanthrene is a ubiquitous pollutant in water and air, and the cellular targets for this compound are highly conserved across vertebrates. Our findings therefore suggest that phenanthrene may be a major worldwide cause of vertebrate cardiac dysfunction. C1 [Brette, Fabien; Cros, Caroline; Block, Barbara A.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Dept Biol, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Shiels, Holly A.; Galli, Gina L. J.] Univ Manchester, Fac Biol Med & Hlth, Div Cardiovasc Sci, Manchester M13 9NT, Lancs, England. [Incardona, John P.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Block, Barbara A.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Tuna Res & Conservat Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Brette, Fabien; Shiels, Holly A.; Cros, Caroline] Univ Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, LIRYC Inst Rythmol & Modelisat Cardiaque, Campus Xavier Arnozan PTIB, F-33600 Pessac, France. RP Block, BA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Dept Biol, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.; Block, BA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Tuna Res & Conservat Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM bblock@stanford.edu OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU Deepwater Horizon - MC252 Incident Natural Resource Damage Assessment; Monterey Bay Aquarium Foundation FX We thank C. Farwell, A. Norton, L. Rodriguez, B. Machado and E. Estess of the Monterey Bay Aquarium for support of the maintenance of tunas within the TRCC. The owners, captain and crew of the F/V Shogun who helped collect these fish, and the government of Mexico for permitting collections. This work was funded as a contributing study to the Deepwater Horizon - MC252 Incident Natural Resource Damage Assessment. We are grateful for the support of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Foundation. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD JAN 31 PY 2017 VL 7 AR 41476 DI 10.1038/srep41476 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EJ1GO UT WOS:000392958700001 PM 28139666 ER PT J AU Hettiyadura, APS Jayarathne, T Baumann, K Goldstein, AH de Gouw, JA Koss, A Keutsch, FN Skog, K Stone, EA AF Hettiyadura, Anusha P. S. Jayarathne, Thilina Baumann, Karsten Goldstein, Allen H. de Gouw, Joost A. Koss, Abigail Keutsch, Frank N. Skog, Kate Stone, Elizabeth A. TI Qualitative and quantitative analysis of atmospheric organosulfates in Centreville, Alabama SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; 2013 SOUTHERN OXIDANT; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; HUMIC-LIKE SUBSTANCES; METHYL VINYL KETONE; GAS-PHASE OXIDATION; SAMPLING ARTIFACTS; ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS AB Organosulfates are components of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) that form from oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sulfate. In this study, the composition and abundance of organosulfates were determined in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) collected from Centreville, AL, during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) in summer 2013. Six organosulfates were quantified using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (TQD) against authentic standards. Among these, the three most abundant species were glycolic acid sulfate (0.5-52.5 ng m(-3)), lactic acid sulfate (0.5-36.7 ng m(-3)), and hydroxyacetone sulfate (0.5-14.3 ng m(-3)). These three species were strongly inter-correlated, suggesting similar precursors and/or formation pathways. Further correlations with sulfate, isoprene, and isoprene oxidation products indicate important roles for these precursors in organosulfate formation in Centreville. Positive filter sampling artifacts associated with these organosulfates due to gas adsorption or reaction of gas phase precursors of organosulfates with sulfuric acid were assessed for a subset of samples and were less than 7.8% of their PM2.5 concentrations. Together, the quantified organosulfates accounted for <0.3% of organic carbon mass in PM2.5. To gain insights into other organosulfates in PM2.5 collected from Centreville, semi-quantitative analysis was employed by way of monitoring characteristic product ions of organosulfates (HSO4- at m/z 97 and SO4-center dot at m/z 96) and evaluating relative signal strength by HILIC-TQD. Molecular formulas of organosulfates were determined by high-resolution time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry. The major organosulfate signal across all samples corresponded to 2-methyltetrol sulfates, which accounted for 42-62% of the total bisulfate ion signal. Conversely, glycolic acid sulfate, the most abundant organosulfate quantified in this study, was 0.13-0.57% of the total bisulfate ion signal. Precursors of m/z 96 mainly consisted of nitro-oxy organosulfates. Organosulfates identified were mainly associated with biogenic VOC precursors, particularly isoprene and to a lesser extent monoterpenes and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO). While a small number of molecules dominated the total organosulfate signal, a large number of minor species were also present. This study provides insights into the major organosulfate species in the southeastern US, as measured by tandem mass spectrometry that should be targets for future standard development and quantitative analysis. C1 [Hettiyadura, Anusha P. S.; Jayarathne, Thilina; Stone, Elizabeth A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA USA. [Baumann, Karsten] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC USA. [Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [de Gouw, Joost A.; Koss, Abigail] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Keutsch, Frank N.; Skog, Kate] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Keutsch, Frank N.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Keutsch, Frank N.] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Skog, Kate] Yale Univ, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, New Haven, CT USA. RP Stone, EA (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA USA. EM betsy-stone@uiowa.edu RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Baumann, Karsten/0000-0003-4045-5539 FU US EPA Science To Achieve Results (STAR) program [83540101]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1247421, 1628530] FX The authors would like to thank E. Geddes, K. Richards, and T. Humphrey at Truman State University for synthesizing standards of benzyl sulfate, hydroxyacetone sulfate, and glycolic acid sulfate; S. Staudt at University of Wisconsin, Madison for synthesizing the lactic acid sulfate standard; L. Teesch and V. Parcell for their assistance in University of Iowa High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Facility (HRMSF); Ruikun Xin for his assistance in data processing; Eric Edgerton at Atmospheric Research & Analysis for providing PM2.5 and sulfate measured in Centreville, AL, during SOAS 2013; R. Weber, H. Guo and A. Nenes at Georgia Institute of Technology for providing aerosol acidity and aerosol water measured during SOAS 2013; P. Wennberg, T. Nguyen, J. St. Clair at California Institute of Technology for access to glycolaldehyde, hydroxyacetone, IEPOX, ISPOOH, and ISOPN measurements; and A. Carlton from Rutgers University and J. Jimenez from University of Colorado, Boulder, for organizing the SOAS component of the Southeast Atmosphere Study. A. P. S. Hettiyadura, T. Jayarathne and E. A. Stone were supported by the US EPA Science To Achieve Results (STAR) program (grant number 83540101) and K. Skog and F. Keutsch were supported by the National Science Foundation (AGS-1247421 and 1628530). NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 30 PY 2017 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1343 EP 1359 DI 10.5194/acp-17-1343-2017 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EL4QP UT WOS:000394606200003 ER PT J AU Chen, JS Brewer, SM Chou, CW Wineland, DJ Leibrandt, DR Hume, DB AF Chen, J. -S. Brewer, S. M. Chou, C. W. Wineland, D. J. Leibrandt, D. R. Hume, D. B. TI Sympathetic Ground State Cooling and Time-Dilation Shifts in an Al-27(+) Optical Clock SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED ATOMIC IONS; ZERO-POINT ENERGY; QUANTUM; SPECTROSCOPY; CAVITY AB We report on Raman sideband cooling of Mg-25(+) to sympathetically cool the secular modes of motion in a Mg-25(+_27) Al+ two-ion pair to near the three-dimensional (3D) ground state. The evolution of the Fock-state distribution during the cooling process is studied using a rate-equation simulation, and various heating sources that limit the efficiency of 3D sideband cooling in our system are discussed. We characterize the residual energy and heating rates of all of the secular modes of motion and estimate a secular motion time-dilation shift of -(1.9 +/- 0.1) x 10(-18) for an Al-27(+) clock at a typical clock probe duration of 150 ms. This is a 50-fold reduction in the secular motion time-dilation shift uncertainty in comparison with previous Al-27(+) clocks. C1 [Chen, J. -S.; Brewer, S. M.; Chou, C. W.; Wineland, D. J.; Leibrandt, D. R.; Hume, D. B.] NIST, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chen, J. -S.; Wineland, D. J.; Leibrandt, D. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Leibrandt, DR; Hume, DB (reprint author), NIST, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Leibrandt, DR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM david.leibrandt@nist.gov; david.hume@nist.gov FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; Office of Naval Research; U.S. Army Research Office through MURI [W911NF-11-1-0400] FX We thank T. Rosenband for the useful discussions. We thank Y. Lin and T. R. Tan for their careful reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the Office of Naval Research. S. M. B. was supported by the U.S. Army Research Office through MURI Grant No. W911NF-11-1-0400. This Letter is a contribution of the U.S. Government, not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 30 PY 2017 VL 118 IS 5 AR 053002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.053002 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA EO0UL UT WOS:000396413600003 PM 28211723 ER PT J AU Bodnar, O Link, A Arendacka, B Possolo, A Elster, C AF Bodnar, Olha Link, Alfred Arendacka, Barbora Possolo, Antonio Elster, Clemens TI Bayesian estimation in random effects meta-analysis using a non-informative prior SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE meta-analysis; reference prior; Bayesian; log odds ratio; metafor; likelihood; heterogeneity; profile likelihood; DerSimonian-Laird; Mandel-Paule; Knapp-Hartung ID RANDOM-EFFECTS MODEL; BETWEEN-STUDY HETEROGENEITY; EFFECTS META-REGRESSION; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; PRIOR DISTRIBUTIONS; BINARY OUTCOMES; VALIDITY GENERALIZATION; VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; STATISTICAL-METHODS; SYSTEMATIC-REVIEWS AB Pooling information from multiple, independent studies (meta-analysis) adds great value to medical research. Random effects models are widely used for this purpose. However, there are many different ways of estimating model parameters, and the choice of estimation procedure may be influential upon the conclusions of the meta-analysis. In this paper, we describe a recently proposed Bayesian estimation procedure and compare it with a profile likelihood method and with the DerSimonian-Laird and Mandel-Paule estimators including the Knapp-Hartung correction. The Bayesian procedure uses a non-informative prior for the overall mean and the between-study standard deviation that is determined by the Berger and Bernardo reference prior principle. The comparison of these procedures focuses on the frequentist properties of interval estimates for the overall mean. The results of our simulation study reveal that the Bayesian approach is a promising alternative producing more accurate interval estimates than those three conventional procedures for meta-analysis. The Bayesian procedure is also illustrated using three examples of meta-analysis involving real data. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Bodnar, Olha; Link, Alfred; Elster, Clemens] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Abbestr 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [Arendacka, Barbora] Inst Med Stat, Humboldtallee 32, Gottingen, Germany. [Possolo, Antonio] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bodnar, O (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Abbestr 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. EM olha.bodnar@ptb.de NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0277-6715 EI 1097-0258 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD JAN 30 PY 2017 VL 36 IS 2 SI SI BP 378 EP 399 DI 10.1002/sim.7156 PG 22 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA EI9KA UT WOS:000392825500015 PM 27790722 ER PT J AU Meyer-Scott, E Tiedau, J Harder, G Shalm, LK Bartley, TJ AF Meyer-Scott, Evan Tiedau, Johannes Harder, Georg Shalm, Lynden K. Bartley, Tim J. TI Discorrelated quantum states SO Scientific Reports LA English DT Article ID HYBRID ENTANGLEMENT; BELL THEOREM; LIGHT; PHOTONS; CRYPTOGRAPHY; BEAMS; SUBTRACTION; DETECTORS; MICRO AB The statistical properties of photons are fundamental to investigating quantum mechanical phenomena using light. In multiphoton, two-mode systems, correlations may exist between outcomes of measurements made on each mode which exhibit useful properties. Correlation in this sense can be thought of as increasing the probability of a particular outcome of a measurement on one subsystem given a measurement on a correlated subsystem. Here, we show a statistical property we call "discorrelation", in which the probability of a particular outcome of one subsystem is reduced to zero, given a measurement on a discorrelated subsystem. We show how such a state can be constructed using readily available building blocks of quantum optics, namely coherent states, single photons, beam splitters and projective measurement. We present a variety of discorrelated states, show that they are entangled, and study their sensitivity to loss. C1 [Meyer-Scott, Evan; Tiedau, Johannes; Harder, Georg; Bartley, Tim J.] Univ Paderborn, Dept Phys, Warburger Str 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. [Shalm, Lynden K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Meyer-Scott, E (reprint author), Univ Paderborn, Dept Phys, Warburger Str 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. EM evan.meyer.scott@upb.de FU Initial Training Network PICQUE under the FP7 Marie Curie Actions of the European Commission [608062]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SFB/TRR142] FX We acknowledge support from the Initial Training Network PICQUE under the FP7 Marie Curie Actions of the European Commission (Grant No. 608062), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) via SFB/TRR142. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD JAN 30 PY 2017 VL 7 AR 41622 DI 10.1038/srep41622 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EI9AY UT WOS:000392800800001 PM 28134333 ER PT J AU Mahynski, NA Shen, VK AF Mahynski, Nathan A. Shen, Vincent K. TI Tuning flexibility to control selectivity in soft porous crystals SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; ZEOLITIC IMIDAZOLATE FRAMEWORK-8; SLIT PORES; STRUCTURAL TRANSITIONS; ADSORPTION DEFORMATION; EFFICIENT SEPARATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; GAS-ADSORPTION; MODEL; MIL-53(AL) AB We use flat-histogram Monte Carlo simulations to study how changing the flexibility of soft porous crystals (SPCs) affects their selective adsorption of a binary, size-asymmetric supercritical fluid. Specifically, we consider mesoporous SPCs which have multiple minima in their free energy profiles as a function of pore size such that they are capable of exhibiting polymorphism between a narrow and large pore phase. While specific fluid-pore interactions determine the shape of both pores' selectivity curve as a function of adsorbate pressure, an individual pore tends to selectively adsorb a species based on the size of the adsorbate molecule relative to itself, thereby shifting the pore's selectivity curve relative to its polymorph. By controlling the flexibility of a SPC, the relative thermodynamic stability of the two pore phases may be varied, thereby changing the overall selectivity of the SPC during adsorbate loading. We investigate this for two classes of SPCs: one representative of "gate-opening" materials and another of "breathing" materials. For gate-opening materials, this control is much more salient than in breathing ones. However, for the latter, we illustrate how to tune the free energy profile to create materials which breathe multiple times during adsorption/desorption. C1 [Mahynski, Nathan A.; Shen, Vincent K.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mahynski, NA (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nathan.mahynski@nist.gov OI Mahynski, Nathan/0000-0002-0008-8749 FU National Research Council post-doctoral research associateship at the National Institute of Standards and Technology FX Contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, not subject to US Copyright. N.A.M. gratefully acknowledges support from a National Research Council post-doctoral research associateship at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2017 VL 146 IS 4 AR 044706 DI 10.1063/1.4974811 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA EL3LI UT WOS:000394520200042 PM 28147539 ER PT J AU Volkov, DL Lee, SK Landerer, FW Lumpkin, R AF Volkov, Denis L. Lee, Sang-Ki Landerer, Felix W. Lumpkin, Rick TI Decade-long deep-ocean warming detected in the subtropical South Pacific SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ocean warming; sea level; South Pacific; heat content; subtropical convergence; ENSO ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; EARTHS ENERGY IMBALANCE; HEAT-CONTENT; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; GLOBAL HEAT; GRACE; REANALYSIS; GRAVITY; SURFACE; VARIABILITY AB The persistent energy imbalance at the top of the atmosphere, inferred from satellite measurements, indicates that the Earth's climate system continues to accumulate excess heat. As only sparse and irregular measurements of ocean heat below 2000m depth exist, one of the most challenging questions in global climate change studies is whether the excess heat has already penetrated into the deep ocean. Here we perform a comprehensive analysis of satellite and in situ measurements to report that a significant deep-ocean warming occurred in the subtropical South Pacific Ocean over the past decade (2005-2014). The local accumulation of heat accounted for up to a quarter of the global ocean heat increase, with directly and indirectly inferred deep ocean (below 2000m) contribution of 2.41.4 and 6.1-10.14.4%, respectively. We further demonstrate that this heat accumulation is consistent with a decade-long intensification of the subtropical convergence, possibly linked to the persistent La Nina-like state. C1 [Volkov, Denis L.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Volkov, Denis L.; Lee, Sang-Ki; Lumpkin, Rick] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Landerer, Felix W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Volkov, DL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33136 USA.; Volkov, DL (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM denis.volkov@noaa.gov OI Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545 FU NASA Ocean Surface Topography Science Team program; NOAA-AOML; NASA FX This research was supported by the NASA Ocean Surface Topography Science Team program and by the base funds of NOAA-AOML. The work of F.W. Landerer was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers and Don Chambers for their constructive comments and helpful suggestions. All data for this paper are publicly available, properly cited, and referred to in the reference list. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2017 VL 44 IS 2 BP 927 EP 936 DI 10.1002/2016GL071661 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EM9SY UT WOS:000395652600039 ER PT J AU Laurent, A Fennel, K Cai, WJ Huang, WJ Barbero, L Wanninkhof, R AF Laurent, Arnaud Fennel, Katja Cai, Wei-Jun Huang, Wei-Jen Barbero, Leticia Wanninkhof, Rik TI Eutrophication-induced acidification of coastal waters in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Insights into origin and processes from a coupled physical-biogeochemical model SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE acidification; eutrophication; hypoxia; biogeochemical model; northern Gulf of Mexico; Mississippi ID LOUISIANA CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; MARGIN SEDIMENTS; DIAGENETIC MODEL; SKILL ASSESSMENT; ORGANIC-MATTER; DYNAMIC-MODEL AB Nutrient inputs from the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River system into the northern Gulf of Mexico promote high phytoplankton production and lead to high respiration rates. Respiration coupled with water column stratification results in seasonal summer hypoxia in bottom waters on the shelf. In addition to consuming oxygen, respiration produces carbon dioxide (CO2), thus lowering the pH and acidifying bottom waters. Here we present a high-resolution biogeochemical model simulating this eutrophication-driven acidification and investigate the dominant underlying processes. The model shows the recurring development of an extended area of acidified bottom waters in summer on the northern Gulf of Mexico shelf that coincides with hypoxic waters. Not reported before, acidified waters are confined to a thin bottom boundary layer where the production of CO2 by benthic metabolic processes is dominant. Despite a reduced saturation state, acidified waters remain supersaturated with respect to aragonite. C1 [Laurent, Arnaud; Fennel, Katja] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Cai, Wei-Jun; Huang, Wei-Jen] Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Newark, DE USA. [Huang, Wei-Jen] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Oceanog, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. [Barbero, Leticia; Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA AOML, Miami, FL USA. [Barbero, Leticia] Univ Miami, CIMAS, Miami, FL USA. RP Laurent, A (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS, Canada. EM arnaud.laurent@dal.ca OI fennel, katja/0000-0003-3170-2331; Barbero, Leticia/0000-0002-8858-5247; Cai, Wei-Jun/0000-0003-3606-8325 FU NOAA CSCOR [NA06N0S4780198, NA09N0S4780208] FX Model outputs used in this publication are available from the authors upon request (arnaud.laurent@dal.ca). All other data are properly cited and referred to in the reference list. This work was supported by NOAA CSCOR grants NA06N0S4780198 and NA09N0S4780208. NGOMEX publication number 214. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2017 VL 44 IS 2 BP 946 EP 956 DI 10.1002/2016GL071881 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EM9SY UT WOS:000395652600041 ER PT J AU Lubbecke, JF McPhaden, MJ AF Luebbecke, Joke F. McPhaden, Michael J. TI Symmetry of the Atlantic Nino mode SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Nino ID EL-NINO; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; LA-NINA; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; OCEAN DYNAMICS; VARIABILITY; TELECONNECTIONS; ASYMMETRIES; REANALYSIS; FEEDBACK AB El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific is asymmetric for warm and cold events with respect to amplitude, spatial patterns, and temporal evolution. Here the symmetry of the Atlantic Nino mode, which many previous studies have argued is governed by atmosphere-ocean dynamics similar to those of ENSO, is investigated using two different ocean reanalysis products. Calculation of Bjerknes feedback terms for the Pacific reveals a pronounced asymmetry between warm and cold events, though unlike most previous studies, the largest asymmetry is found in the relationship between eastern Pacific thermocline depth and sea surface temperature anomalies. For the Atlantic, cold events are effectively mirror images of warm events with Bjerknes feedbacks of similar strength. The analysis supports not only the conclusion that Atlantic Ninos are more symmetric than ENSO but also the hypothesis itself that the Bjerknes feedback is operative in the Atlantic given the strength of the relationship between the key variables involved. C1 [Luebbecke, Joke F.] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Kiel, Germany. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA PMEL, Seattle, WA USA. RP Lubbecke, JF (reprint author), GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Kiel, Germany. EM jluebbecke@geomar.de FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB 754] FX We thank three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This study is a contribution of the SFB 754 supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Both reanalysis products (SODA2.2.4 and ECMWF ORA-S4) are provided by the Integrated Climate Data Center at http://icdc.zmaw.de/projekte/easy-init/easy-init-ocean. All of the SST data sets used for Table S1 are available from www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/tables/sst.html. PMEL contribution 4512. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2017 VL 44 IS 2 BP 965 EP 973 DI 10.1002/2016GL071829 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EM9SY UT WOS:000395652600043 ER PT J AU Lee, JE Shen, A Fox-Kemper, B Ming, Y AF Lee, Jung-Eun Shen, Aaron Fox-Kemper, Baylor Ming, Yi TI Hemispheric sea ice distribution sets the glacial tempo SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE glacial cycle; sea ice; mid-Pleistocene transition ID OCEAN CIRCULATION; ANTARCTIC CLIMATE; CYCLES; TERMINATIONS; ECCENTRICITY; MILANKOVITCH; TEMPERATURE; LINKS AB The proxy record of global temperature shows that the dominant periodicity of the glacial cycle shifts from 40kyr (obliquity) to 100kyr (eccentricity) about a million years ago. Using climate model simulations, here we show that the pace of the glacial cycle depends on the pattern of hemispheric sea ice growth. In a cold climate the sea ice grows asymmetrically between two hemispheres under changes to Earth's orbital precession, because sea ice growth potential outside of the Arctic Circle is limited. This difference in hemispheric sea ice growth leads to an asymmetry in absorbed solar energy for the two hemispheres, particularly when eccentricity is high, even if the annual average insolation is similar. In a warmer climate, the hemispheric asymmetry of the sea ice decreases as mean Arctic and Antarctic sea ice decreases, diminishing the precession and eccentricity signals and explaining the dominant obliquity signal (40kyr) before the mid-Pleistocene transition. C1 [Lee, Jung-Eun; Fox-Kemper, Baylor] Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Shen, Aaron] Brown Univ, Ctr Computat & Visualizat, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Ming, Yi] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Lee, JE (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM leeje@brown.edu OI Fox-Kemper, Baylor/0000-0002-2871-2048 FU NSF [1415464] FX J.E.L. acknowledges that J. Bishop suggested the title. J.E.L. thanks I. Fung, T. Schneider, M. Raymo, P. Huybers, and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful discussion on the earlier version of the manuscript. Sea ice data are from Hadley Centre Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature data set (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadisst/) [Rayner, 2003]. The study was funded by NSF 1415464, and the runs were performed on Gaia at NOAA GFDL. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2017 VL 44 IS 2 BP 1008 EP 1014 DI 10.1002/2016GL071307 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EM9SY UT WOS:000395652600048 ER PT J AU Chiu, R Tinel, L Gonzalez, L Ciuraru, R Bernard, F George, C Volkamer, R AF Chiu, R. Tinel, L. Gonzalez, L. Ciuraru, R. Bernard, F. George, C. Volkamer, R. TI UV photochemistry of carboxylic acids at the air-sea boundary: A relevant source of glyoxal and other oxygenated VOC in the marine atmosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE sea surface microlayer; carboxylic acids; photochemistry; dissolved organic carbon; marine OVOC; glyoxal ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MASTER CHEMICAL MECHANISM; CE-DOAS INSTRUMENT; MCM V3 PART; AEROSOL EXTINCTION; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; GAS-PHASE; IN-SITU; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; WATER-INTERFACE AB Photochemistry plays an important role in marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) degradation, but the mechanisms that convert DOC into volatile organic compounds (VOCs) remain poorly understood. We irradiated carboxylic acids (C-7-C-9) on a simulated ocean surface with UV light (<320nm) in a photochemical flow reactor and transferred the VOC products into a dark ozone reactor. Glyoxal was detected as a secondary product from heptanoic, octanoic, and nonanoic acid (NA) films, but not from octanol. Primary glyoxal emissions were not observed, nor was glyoxal formed in the absence of ozone. Addition of a photosensitizer had no noticeable effect. The concurrent detection of heptanal in the NA system suggests that the ozonolysis of 2-nonenal is the primary chemical mechanism that produces glyoxal. This source can potentially sustain tens ofparts per trillion by volume (pptv) glyoxal over oceans, and helps to explain why glyoxal fluxes in marine air are directed from the atmosphere into the ocean. C1 [Chiu, R.; Gonzalez, L.; Volkamer, R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chiu, R.; Gonzalez, L.; Volkamer, R.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tinel, L.; Ciuraru, R.; Bernard, F.; George, C.] Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne, France. [Ciuraru, R.] Univ Paris Saclay, INRA, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, Thiverval Grignon, France. [Bernard, F.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Volkamer, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Volkamer, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; George, C (reprint author), Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne, France. EM Christian.George@ircelyon.univ-lyon1.fr; Rainer.Volkamer@colorado.edu RI Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; OI Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; Tinel, Liselotte/0000-0003-1742-2755 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [NSF-ATM-847793]; European Research Council under the European Union/ERC [290852-AIRSEA]; Chateaubriand fellowship from the French embassy in the U.S; NSF-EAGER [AGS-1452317] FX This study was supported by U.S. National Science Foundation in form of a CAREER award Supplement (NSF-ATM-847793) to facilitate collaboration with the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement 290852-AIRSEA. L.G. acknowledges a Chateaubriand fellowship from the French embassy in the U.S. RC acknowledges travel funds from NSF-EAGER award AGS-1452317. The authors are grateful to Nicolas Charbonnel and Sebastien Perrier for the technical support provided. The data displayed in graphs are available from the following data archive: . NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2017 VL 44 IS 2 BP 1079 EP 1087 DI 10.1002/2016GL071240 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EM9SY UT WOS:000395652600056 ER PT J AU Schwarz, JP Weinzierl, B Samset, BH Dollner, M Heimerl, K Markovic, MZ Perring, AE Ziemba, L AF Schwarz, Joshua P. Weinzierl, Bernadett Samset, Bjorn H. Dollner, Maximilian Heimerl, Katharina Markovic, Milos Z. Perring, Anne E. Ziemba, Luke TI Aircraft measurements of black carbon vertical profiles show upper tropospheric variability and stability SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE black carbon; AeroCom; SP2; aerosol; global models; measurements ID LIGHT-ABSORPTION; MIXING STATE; AEROSOL; EMISSIONS; MODEL; RECOMMENDATIONS; EUROPE; AREA AB We present new data sets of black carbon (BC) aerosol mass mixing ratio (MMR) obtained from aircraft missions over North America, Europe, the Arctic, and the outflow region of Saharan Africa before and after trans-Atlantic transport. The data, collected from 2011 to 2013 with single-particle soot photometers, provide new insight into the variability and distribution of BC over global scales and refine understanding of AeroCom global model ensemble performance. The results indicate extensive global-scale longitudinal mixing of BC above altitude pressures as low as 400hPa. They also constrain the absolute and temporal variability of upper tropospheric BC MMR and point to opportunities for new tests of global aerosol models in the upper troposphere. A comparison to the AeroCom Phase II results generally reinforces previous estimates of the ensemble performance, except that it also strengthens confidence that the ensemble actually is biased high in the Arctic in all seasons. C1 [Schwarz, Joshua P.; Perring, Anne E.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Weinzierl, Bernadett; Dollner, Maximilian; Heimerl, Katharina] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Weinzierl, Bernadett; Dollner, Maximilian; Heimerl, Katharina] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Fac Phys, Inst Meteorol, Munich, Germany. [Weinzierl, Bernadett; Dollner, Maximilian] Univ Vienna, Aerosol Phys & Environm Phys, Vienna, Austria. [Samset, Bjorn H.] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [Markovic, Milos Z.] Piccaro Inc, Santa Clara, CA USA. [Perring, Anne E.] Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Ziemba, Luke] NASA, Goddard Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Schwarz, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM joshua.p.schwarz@noaa.gov RI Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; FU NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program; NASA Radiation Sciences Program; NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program; Helmholtz Association [VH-NG-606]; DLR project CATS; DLR project VolcATS; European Union project ACCESS [265863]; Center for Advanced Studies at LMU; LMU Munich's Institutional Strategy LMUexcellent; European Research Council under the European Community/ERC [640458A-LIFE]; Research Council of Norway [AEROCOM-P3]; AC/BC [240372]; NetBC [244141] FX The NOAA SP2 data were obtained and analyzed with the support of the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program, the NASA Radiation Sciences Program, and the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program. The DLR SP2 data were obtained and analyzed with the support of the Helmholtz Association under grant VH-NG-606 (Helmholtz-Hochschul-Nachwuchsforschergruppe AerCARE), the DLR projects CATS and VolcATS, and the European Union project ACCESS under grant agreement 265863. Additional analysis was supported in part by the Center for Advanced Studies at LMU, LMU Munich's Institutional Strategy LMUexcellent within the framework of the German Excellence Initiative, and by the European Research Council under the European Community's Horizon 2020 research and innovation framework program/ERC grant agreement 640458A-LIFE. Data are available at http://wwwair.larc.nasa.gov/missions/seac4rs/index.html for the SEAC4RS mission, http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/ArcView/dc3 for the DC3 mission (both DLR Falcon and NASA DC8 data), and by request to the DLR for the CONCERT, ACCESS, and SALTRACE missions; the PI for the Falcon BC data can be reached at Bernadett.Weinzierl@univie.ac.at. AeroCom model data are freely available upon application, see aerocom. met. no for details. We thank the modeling groups for use of their results. B.H.S. acknowledges funding by the Research Council of Norway through the grants AEROCOM-P3, AC/BC (240372), and NetBC (244141). NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2017 VL 44 IS 2 BP 1132 EP 1140 DI 10.1002/2016GL071241 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EM9SY UT WOS:000395652600062 ER PT J AU Predybaylo, E Stenchikov, GL Wittenberg, AT Zeng, FR AF Predybaylo, Evgeniya Stenchikov, Georgiy L. Wittenberg, Andrew T. Zeng, Fanrong TI Impacts of a Pinatubo-size volcanic eruption on ENSO SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; EL NINO/SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; WESTERLY WIND BURSTS; MOUNT-PINATUBO; PART II; STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC AB Observations and model simulations of the climate responses to strong explosive low-latitude volcanic eruptions suggest a significant increase in the likelihood of El Nino during the eruption and posteruption years, though model results have been inconclusive and have varied in magnitude and even sign. In this study, we test how this spread of responses depends on the initial phase of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the eruption year and on the eruption's seasonal timing. We employ the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory CM2.1 global coupled general circulation model to investigate the impact of the Pinatubo 1991 eruption, assuming that in 1991 ENSO would otherwise be in central or eastern Pacific El Nino, La Nina, or neutral phases. We obtain statistically significant El Nino responses in a year after the eruption for all cases except La Nina, which shows no response in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The eruption has a weaker impact on eastern Pacific El Ninos than on central Pacific El Ninos. We find that the ocean dynamical thermostat and (to a lesser extent) wind changes due to land-ocean temperature gradients are the main feedbacks affecting El Nino development after the eruption. The El Nino responses to eruptions occurring in summer are more pronounced than for winter and spring eruptions. That the climate response depends on eruption season and initial ENSO phase may help to reconcile apparent inconsistencies among previous studies. C1 [Predybaylo, Evgeniya; Stenchikov, Georgiy L.] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Phys Sci & Engn, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. [Wittenberg, Andrew T.; Zeng, Fanrong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Predybaylo, E (reprint author), King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Phys Sci & Engn, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. EM evgeniya.predybaylo@kaust.edu.sa OI Predybaylo, Evgeniya/0000-0002-1927-0735 FU King Abdullah University of Science and Technology FX We thank Hans-F. Graf, Alan Robock, and Jim Carton for valuable discussions. The research reported in this publication was supported by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. In particular, for computer time, the resources of the KAUST Supercomputing Laboratory were used, in addition to those of NOAA GFDL. The simulation results and supporting data sets are available from the corresponding author upon request. NOAA ERSST V4 data are provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. NR 121 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 2017 VL 122 IS 2 BP 925 EP 947 DI 10.1002/2016JD025796 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN6MA UT WOS:000396116900022 ER PT J AU Perring, AE Schwarz, JP Markovic, MZ Fahey, DW Jimenez, JL Campuzano-Jost, P Palm, BD Wisthaler, A Mikoviny, T Diskin, G Sachse, G Ziemba, L Anderson, B Shingler, T Crosbie, E Sorooshian, A Yokelson, R Gao, RS AF Perring, Anne E. Schwarz, Joshua P. Markovic, Milos Z. Fahey, David W. Jimenez, Jose L. Campuzano-Jost, Pedro Palm, Brett D. Wisthaler, Armin Mikoviny, Tomas Diskin, Glenn Sachse, Glen Ziemba, Luke Anderson, Bruce Shingler, Taylor Crosbie, Ewan Sorooshian, Armin Yokelson, Robert Gao, Ru-Shan TI In situ measurements of water uptake by black carbon-containing aerosol in wildfire plumes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE SOOT PHOTOMETER; CONDENSATION NUCLEUS ACTIVITY; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; ORGANIC AEROSOL; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; HYGROSCOPIC PROPERTIES; MIXING STATE; ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIME; SMOKE; EVOLUTION AB Water uptake by black carbon (BC)-containing aerosol was quantified in North American wildfire plumes of varying age (1 to similar to 40 h old) sampled during the SEAC(4)RS mission (2013). A Humidified Dual SP2 (HD-SP2) is used to optically size BC-containing particles under dry and humid conditions from which we extract the hygroscopicity parameter, kappa , of materials internally mixed with BC. Instrumental variability and the uncertainty of the technique are briefly discussed. An ensemble average kappa of 0.04 is found for the set of plumes sampled, consistent with previous estimates of bulk aerosol hygroscopicity from biomass burning sources. The temporal evolution of kappa in the Yosemite Rim Fire plume is explored to constrain the rate of conversion of BC-containing aerosol from hydrophobic to more hydrophilic modes in these emissions. A BC-specific kappa increase of similar to 0.06 over 40 h is found, fit well with an exponential curve corresponding to a transition from a kappa of 0 to a kappa of similar to 0.09 with an e-folding time of 29 h. Although only a few percent of wildfire particles contain BC, a similar kappa increase is estimated for bulk aerosol and the measured aerosol composition is used to infer that the observed kappa change is driven by a combination of incorporation of ammonium sulfate and oxidation of existing organic materials. Finally, a substantial fraction of wildfire-generated BC-containing aerosol is calculated to be active as cloud condensation nuclei shortly after emission likely indicating efficient wet removal. These results can constrain model treatment of BC from wildfire sources. C1 [Perring, Anne E.; Schwarz, Joshua P.; Markovic, Milos Z.; Fahey, David W.; Gao, Ru-Shan] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Perring, Anne E.; Markovic, Milos Z.; Jimenez, Jose L.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Palm, Brett D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Markovic, Milos Z.] Picarro Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Jimenez, Jose L.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Palm, Brett D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wisthaler, Armin; Mikoviny, Tomas] Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, Oslo, Norway. [Wisthaler, Armin] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, Innsbruck, Austria. [Diskin, Glenn; Sachse, Glen; Ziemba, Luke; Anderson, Bruce; Crosbie, Ewan] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Shingler, Taylor; Crosbie, Ewan; Sorooshian, Armin] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ USA. [Sorooshian, Armin] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Yokelson, Robert] Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Perring, AE (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Anne.Perring@noaa.gov RI Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011; OI Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808; PERRING, ANNE/0000-0003-2231-7503; Jimenez, Jose L/0000-0001-6203-1847; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634 FU NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program; NASA Radiation Sciences Program; NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program; NASA [NNX12AC10G, NNX14AP75G, NNX14AK79H, NNX12AC03G, NNX15AT96G]; NASA Earth Science Division [NNX12AC20G, NNX14AP45G] FX All data for the SEAC4RS project are publicly available at DOI 10.5067/Aircraft/SEAC4RS/Aerosol-TraceGas-Cloud. NOAA SP2 research conducted by A.P., M.M., J.S., R.S.G., and D.F. was supported by the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program, the NASA Radiation Sciences Program, and the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program. A.S. and T.S. were funded by NASA grants NNX12AC10G, NNX14AP75G, and NNX14AK79H. P.C.J., B.D.P., and J.L.J. were supported by NASA grants NNX12AC03G and NNX15AT96G. R.Y. was supported by NASA Earth Science Division Awards NNX12AC20G and NNX14AP45G. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 2017 VL 122 IS 2 BP 1086 EP 1097 DI 10.1002/2016JD025688 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN6MA UT WOS:000396116900031 ER PT J AU Stauffer, RM Thompson, AM Oltmans, SJ Johnson, BJ AF Stauffer, Ryan M. Thompson, Anne M. Oltmans, Samuel J. Johnson, Bryan J. TI Tropospheric ozonesonde profiles at long-term US monitoring sites: 2. Links between Trinidad Head, CA, profile clusters and inland surface ozone measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORTED BACKGROUND OZONE; AIR-QUALITY; STRATOSPHERIC INTRUSIONS; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; LIGHTNING NOX; SUMMERTIME; EXCHANGE; IMPACT; CLIMATOLOGY AB Much attention has been focused on the transport of ozone (O-3) to the western U.S., particularly given the latest revision of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard to 70 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) of O-3. This makes quantifying the contributions of stratosphere-to-troposphere exchange, local pollution, and pollution transport to this region essential. To evaluate free-tropospheric and surface O-3 in the western U.S., we use self-organizing maps to cluster 18 years of ozonesonde profiles from Trinidad Head, CA. Three of nine O-3 mixing ratio profile clusters exhibit thin laminae of high O-3 above Trinidad Head. The high O-3 layers are located between 1 and 6 km above mean sea level and reside above an inversion associated with a northern location of the Pacific subtropical high. Ancillary data (reanalyses, trajectories, and remotely sensed carbon monoxide) help identify the high O-3 sources in one cluster, but distinguishing mixed influences on the elevated O-3 in other clusters is difficult. Correlations between the elevated tropospheric O-3 and surface O-3 at high-altitude monitors at Lassen Volcanic and Yosemite National Parks, and Truckee, CA, are marked and long lasting. The temporal correlations likely result from a combination of transport of baseline O-3 and covarying meteorological parameters. Days corresponding to the high O-3 clusters exhibit hourly surface O-3 anomalies of +5-10 ppbv compared to a climatology; the positive anomalies can last up to 3 days after the ozonesonde profile. The profile and surface O-3 links demonstrate the importance of regular ozonesonde profiling at Trinidad Head. C1 [Stauffer, Ryan M.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stauffer, Ryan M.; Thompson, Anne M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Stauffer, Ryan M.] NASA, Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Thompson, Anne M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Oltmans, Samuel J.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Oltmans, Samuel J.; Johnson, Bryan J.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Stauffer, RM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ryan.m.stauffer@nasa.gov OI Stauffer, Ryan/0000-0002-8583-7795 FU NASA [NNG05G062G, NNX10AR39G, NNX11AQ44G, NNX12AF05G]; NASA FX Funding for this project was provided by the following NASA grants NNG05G062G, NNX10AR39G, NNX11AQ44G, and NNX12AF05G. Funding for R. Stauffer was also provided through the NASA Postdoctoral Program at NASA GSFC administered by the Universities Space Research Association. This paper is the basis for a chapter in the first author's PhD dissertation. NOAA ESRL GMD data (Trinidad Head ozonesondes) can be accessed at ftp://ftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/data/ozwv/Ozonesonde/. ERA-Interim reanalysis data can be accessed at http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds627.0/.NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data can accessed at ftp://ftp.cdc.noaa.gov/. AIRS CO and O3 data can be accessed at http://acdisc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/open-dap/Aqua_AIRS_Level3/AIRX3STD.006/. Surface O3 data can be accessed at http://java.epa.gov/castnet/clearsession. do (Lassen and Yosemite) and https://aqs.epa.gov/api (Truckee). Thanks to George Young and William Brune (Penn State) for their valuable comments and suggestions for meteorological analyses. We thank the Editor and three anonymous reviewers whose suggestions improved the manuscript. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 2017 VL 122 IS 2 BP 1261 EP 1280 DI 10.1002/2016JD025254 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN6MA UT WOS:000396116900040 ER PT J AU Kuang, S Newchurch, MJ Johnson, MS Wang, LH Burris, J Pierce, RB Eloranta, EW Pollack, IB Graus, M de Gouw, J Warneke, C Ryerson, TB Markovic, MZ Holloway, JS Pour-Biazar, A Huang, GY Liu, X Feng, N AF Kuang, Shi Newchurch, Michael J. Johnson, Matthew S. Wang, Lihua Burris, John Pierce, Robert B. Eloranta, Edwin W. Pollack, Ilana B. Graus, Martin de Gouw, Joost Warneke, Carsten Ryerson, Thomas B. Markovic, Milos Z. Holloway, John S. Pour-Biazar, Arastoo Huang, Guanyu Liu, Xiong Feng, Nan TI Summertime tropospheric ozone enhancement associated with a cold front passage due to stratosphere-to-troposphere transport and biomass burning: Simultaneous ground-based lidar and airborne measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CROSS-TROPOPAUSE EXCHANGE; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; SOUTHEAST UNITED-STATES; US ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; EXTRATROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; CARBON-MONOXIDE; MONITORING INSTRUMENT; NORTH-AMERICA; TRACE GASES AB Stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT) and biomass burning (BB) are two important natural sources for tropospheric ozone that can result in elevated ozone and air-quality episode events. High-resolution observations of multiple related species are critical for complex ozone source attribution. In this article, we present an analysis of coinciding ground-based and airborne observations, including ozone lidar, ozonesonde, high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL), and multiple airborne in situ measurements, made on 28 and 29 June 2013 during the Southeast Nexus field campaign. The ozone lidar and HSRL reveal detailed ozone and aerosol structures as well as the temporal evolution associated with a cold front passage. The observations also captured two enhanced (+30 ppbv) ozone layers in the free troposphere (FT), which were determined from this study to be caused by a mixture of BB and stratospheric sources. The mechanism for this STT is tropopause folding associated with a cutoff upper level low-pressure system according to the analysis of its potential vorticity structure. The depth of the tropopause fold appears to be shallow for this case compared to events observed in other seasons; however, the impact on lower tropospheric ozone was clearly observed. This event suggests that strong STT may occur in the southeast United States during the summer and can potentially impact lower troposphere during these times. Statistical analysis of the airborne observations of trace gases suggests a coincident influence of BB transport in the FT impacting the vertical structure of ozone during this case study. C1 [Kuang, Shi; Wang, Lihua; Pour-Biazar, Arastoo] Univ Alabama, Earth Syst Sci Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Newchurch, Michael J.; Huang, Guanyu; Feng, Nan] Univ Alabama, Atmospher Sci Dept, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Johnson, Matthew S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Earth Sci Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Burris, John] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Pierce, Robert B.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. [Eloranta, Edwin W.] Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Pollack, Ilana B.; Graus, Martin; de Gouw, Joost; Warneke, Carsten; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Markovic, Milos Z.; Holloway, John S.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Iaboratory, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Pollack, Ilana B.; Graus, Martin; de Gouw, Joost; Warneke, Carsten; Holloway, John S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Pollack, Ilana B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Graus, Martin] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Atmospher & Cryospher Sci, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Markovic, Milos Z.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Huang, Guanyu; Liu, Xiong] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Kuang, S (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Earth Syst Sci Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM kuang@nsstc.uah.edu RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Kuang, Shi/0000-0003-2423-6088 FU TOLNet program FX The authors thank Whitney G. Jewett for editing the manuscript. The authors are grateful to Joshua P. Schwarz of NOAA/ESRL for providing the BC data. The authors thank the SENEX science team, instrument team, and pilot crew for managing and coordinating the intercomparison measurements. The authors also thank the MODIS team for providing the AOD, radiance, and fire data (AOD MOD04 10 km, Radiance MOD021KM 1 km, and Fires MOD14 1 km) and thank the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT model and READY website (http://www.ready.noaa.gov) used in this publication. The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for providing constructive comments. The ozone lidar data are available at http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/missions/TOLNet/. This work is supported by the TOLNet program developed by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Science Mission Directorate. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA, NASA, or the U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 113 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 2017 VL 122 IS 2 BP 1293 EP 1311 DI 10.1002/2016JD026078 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN6MA UT WOS:000396116900042 ER PT J AU Langford, AO Alvarez, RJ Brioude, J Fine, R Gustin, MS Lin, MY Marchbanks, RD Pierce, RB Sandberg, SP Senff, CJ Weickmann, AM Williams, EJ AF Langford, A. O. Alvarez, R. J., II Brioude, J. Fine, R. Gustin, M. S. Lin, M. Y. Marchbanks, R. D. Pierce, R. B. Sandberg, S. P. Senff, C. J. Weickmann, A. M. Williams, E. J. TI Entrainment of stratospheric air and Asian pollution by the convective boundary layer in the southwestern US SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE OZONE CONCENTRATIONS; CROSS-TROPOPAUSE EXCHANGE; PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; UNITED-STATES; TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; INTERMOUNTAIN WEST AB A series of deep stratospheric intrusions in late May 2013 increased the daily maximum 8 h surface ozone (O-3) concentrations to more than 70 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) at rural and urban surface monitors in California and Nevada. This influx of ozone-rich lower stratospheric air and entrained Asian pollution persisted for more than 5 days and contributed to exceedances of the 2008 8 h national ambient air quality standard of 75 ppbv on 21 and 25 May in Clark County, NV. Exceedances would also have occurred on 22 and 23 May had the new standard of 70 ppbv been in effect. In this paper, we examine this episode using lidar measurements from a high-elevation site on Angel Peak, NV, and surface measurements from NOAA, the Clark County, Nevada Department of Air Quality, the Environmental Protection Agency Air Quality System, and the Nevada Rural Ozone Initiative. These measurements, together with analyses from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/North American Regional Reanalysis; NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory AM3 model; NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service Real-time Air Quality Modeling System; and FLEXPART models, show that the exceedances followed entrainment of similar to 20 to 40 ppbv of lower stratospheric ozone mingled with another 0 to 10 ppbv of ozone transported from Asia by the unusually deep convective boundary layers above the Mojave desert. Our analysis suggests that this vigorous mixing can affect both high and low elevations and help explain the springtime ozone maximum in the southwestern U.S. C1 [Langford, A. O.; Alvarez, R. J., II; Marchbanks, R. D.; Sandberg, S. P.; Senff, C. J.; Weickmann, A. M.; Williams, E. J.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Brioude, J.; Marchbanks, R. D.; Senff, C. J.; Weickmann, A. M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Brioude, J.] Lab Iatmosphere & Cyclones, St Denis, Reunion. [Fine, R.; Gustin, M. S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV USA. [Fine, R.] Calif Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA USA. [Lin, M. Y.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Lin, M. Y.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Pierce, R. B.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. RP Langford, AO (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM andrew.o.langford@noaa.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009 OI Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061 FU NOAA Health of the Atmosphere and Climate Programs; NASA; Clark County Department of Air Quality [CBE 602948-13]; NASA's Atmospheric Composition Campaign Data Analysis and Modeling program [NNX14AR47G]; NASA's Air Quality Applied Sciences Team [NNX12AF15G]; Nevada Division of Environmental Protection [DEP 11-006]; NOAA GOES-R Program Office; NASA Atmospheric Modeling and Analysis Program; NASA Applied Science Program FX The NOAA ESRL lidar operations were funded by the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere and Climate Programs and the NASA-sponsored Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet; http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/missions/TOLNet/). The Las Vegas Ozone Study (LVOS) was funded primarily by the Clark County Department of Air Quality under contract CBE 602948-13. The lidar data are available at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/groups/csd3/measurements/lvos/. The authors would like to thank Zheng Li, Mickey Turner, Dennis Ransel, and the other staff of the Clark County Department of Air Quality for their assistance and hospitality during LVOS. We are grateful to John Vimont of the U.S. National Park Service and Jessica Ward of Air Resource Specialists, Inc. for providing the 1 min NPS ozone data and to John Holloway for the assistance with the CO measurements. We also thank Owen Cooper of NOAA/ESRL and CIRES for providing the water vapor imagery. Meiyun Lin is supported by funding from NASA's Atmospheric Composition Campaign Data Analysis and Modeling program (NNX14AR47G) and NASA's Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (NNX12AF15G). The Nevada Rural Ozone Initiative was supported by the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection under contract DEP 11-006. The RAQMS modeling efforts were supported by the NOAA GOES-R Program Office, the NASA Atmospheric Modeling and Analysis Program, and the NASA Applied Science Program. We would also like to thank the reviewers for their helpful suggestions. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 2017 VL 122 IS 2 BP 1312 EP 1337 DI 10.1002/2016JD025987 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN6MA UT WOS:000396116900043 ER PT J AU Lerner, BM Gilman, JB Aikin, KC Atlas, EL Goldan, PD Graus, M Hendershot, R Isaacman-VanWertz, GA Koss, A Kuster, WC Lueb, RA McLaughlin, RJ Peischl, J Sueper, D Ryerson, TB Tokarek, TW Warneke, C Yuan, B de Gouw, JA AF Lerner, Brian M. Gilman, Jessica B. Aikin, Kenneth C. Atlas, Elliot L. Goldan, Paul D. Graus, Martin Hendershot, Roger Isaacman-VanWertz, Gabriel A. Koss, Abigail Kuster, William C. Lueb, Richard A. McLaughlin, Richard J. Peischl, Jeff Sueper, Donna Ryerson, Thomas B. Tokarek, Travis W. Warneke, Carsten Yuan, Bin de Gouw, Joost A. TI An improved, automated whole air sampler and gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis system for volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID HYDROCARBON INTERCOMPARISON EXPERIMENT; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; AMBIENT AIR; EMISSIONS; OIL; PART; INSTRUMENTATION; VALIDATION; OPERATIONS; BASIN AB Volatile organic compounds were quantified during two aircraft-based field campaigns using highly automated, whole air samplers with expedited post-flight analysis via a new custom-built, field-deployable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry instrument. During flight, air samples were pressurized with a stainless steel bellows compressor into electropolished stainless steel canisters. The air samples were analyzed using a novel gas chromatograph system designed specifically for field use which eliminates the need for liquid nitrogen. Instead, a Stirling cooler is used for cryogenic sample pre-concentration at temperatures as low as 165 degrees C. The analysis system was fully automated on a 20 min cycle to allow for unattended processing of an entire flight of 72 sample canisters within 30 h, thereby reducing typical sample residence times in the canisters to less than 3 days. The new analytical system is capable of quantifying a wide suite of C2 to C10 organic compounds at part-per-trillion sensitivity. This paper describes the sampling and analysis systems, along with the data analysis procedures which include a new peak-fitting software package for rapid chromatographic data reduction. Instrument sensitivities, uncertainties and system artifacts are presented for 35 trace gas species in canister samples. Comparisons of reported mixing ratios from each field campaign with measurements from other instruments are also presented. C1 [Lerner, Brian M.; Aikin, Kenneth C.; Koss, Abigail; Kuster, William C.; McLaughlin, Richard J.; Peischl, Jeff; Warneke, Carsten; Yuan, Bin] Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lerner, Brian M.; Gilman, Jessica B.; Aikin, Kenneth C.; Goldan, Paul D.; Koss, Abigail; Kuster, William C.; McLaughlin, Richard J.; Peischl, Jeff; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Warneke, Carsten; Yuan, Bin; de Gouw, Joost A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Atlas, Elliot L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Graus, Martin] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Atmospharen & Kryospharenwissensch, Innsbruck, Austria. [Hendershot, Roger; Lueb, Richard A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Isaacman-VanWertz, Gabriel A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lerner, Brian M.; Sueper, Donna] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Tokarek, Travis W.] Univ Calgary, Dept Chem, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Isaacman-VanWertz, Gabriel A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Lerner, BM (reprint author), Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Lerner, BM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Lerner, BM (reprint author), Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. EM blerner@aerodyne.com RI Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; YUAN, BIN/0000-0003-3041-0329 NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PD JAN 26 PY 2017 VL 10 IS 1 BP 291 EP 313 DI 10.5194/amt-10-291-2017 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM2SA UT WOS:000395164700002 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, CA Squitieri, E Franco, HJ Rincon, LC AF Gonzalez, Carlos A. Squitieri, Emilio Franco, Hector J. Rincon, Luis C. TI Stationary Conditions of the Electron Density Along the Reaction Path: Connection with Conceptual DFT and Information Theory SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-REACTIVITY; FUNCTIONAL THEORY; SOFT ACIDS; PHENOMENOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION; REACTION COORDINATE; MATHEMATICAL-THEORY; TRANSITION-STATES; ENERGY GRADIENTS; REACTION CH3CL; S(N)2 REACTION AB The Kohn Sham density functional theory (DFT) formalism has been used to investigate the influence of the stationary behavior of the electron density (p((r) over right arrow ;s)) along a minimum energy path on the corresponding stationary conditions observed in the total potential energy of the reactive system, information theory measures (Shannon information entropy and Onicescu information energy), and chemical reactivity indexes (the chemical hardness). The theoretical treatment presented in this work, combined with DFT calculations on 3 different test reactions: H' + H-2, H' + CH4 and H- + CH4, suggest that for any reactive system, properties that can be cast as a functional of the electron density, must exhibit stationary points along the IRC path modulated by the corresponding stationary behavior of the electron density. C1 [Gonzalez, Carlos A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Squitieri, Emilio; Franco, Hector J.] Cent Univ Venezuela, Fac Ciencias, Escuela Quim, Apartado 47102, Caracas 1041A, Venezuela. [Rincon, Luis C.] Univ Los Andes, Dept Quim, Merida, Venezuela. [Rincon, Luis C.] Univ San Francisco Quito, Colegio Politecn Ciencias & Ingn, Grp Quim Computac & Teor, Ave Diego Robles & Via Interoceanica, Quito, Ecuador. RP Gonzalez, CA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carlos.gonzalez@nist.gov NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 26 PY 2017 VL 121 IS 3 BP 648 EP 660 DI 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b08650 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA EJ1ZN UT WOS:000393009400011 PM 28029244 ER PT J AU Werner, B Stutz, J Spolaor, M Scalone, L Raecke, R Festa, J Colosimo, SF Cheung, R Tsai, C Hossaini, R Chipperfield, MP Taverna, GS Feng, WH Elkins, J Fahey, D Gao, RS Hintsa, EJ Thornberry, TD Moore, FL Navarro, MA Atlas, E Daube, BC Pittman, J Wofsy, S Pfeilsticker, K AF Werner, Bodo Stutz, Jochen Spolaor, Max Scalone, Lisa Raecke, Rasmus Festa, James Colosimo, Santo Fedele Cheung, Ross Tsai, Catalina Hossaini, Ryan Chipperfield, Martyn P. Taverna, Giorgio S. Feng, Wuhu Elkins, JamesW. Fahey, DavidW. Gao, Ru-Shan Hintsa, Erik J. Thornberry, Troy D. Moore, Free Lee Navarro, Maria A. Atlas, Elliot Daube, Bruce C. Pittman, Jasna Wofsy, Steve Pfeilsticker, Klaus TI Probing the subtropical lowermost stratosphere and the tropical upper troposphere and tropopause layer for inorganic bromine SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; SHORT-LIVED SUBSTANCES; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPH; LIMB MEASUREMENTS; WESTERN PACIFIC; SCIAMACHY LIMB; CARBON-DIOXIDE; METHYL-IODIDE AB We report measurements of CH4 (measured in situ by the Harvard University Picarro Cavity Ringdown Spectrometer (HUPCRS) and NOAA Unmanned Aircraft System Chromatograph for Atmospheric Trace Species (UCATS) instruments), O-3 (measured in situ by the NOAA dual-beam ultraviolet (UV) photometer), NO2, BrO (remotely detected by spectroscopic UV-visible (UV-vis) limb observations; see the companion paper of Stutz et al., 2016), and of some key brominated source gases in whole-air samples of the Global Hawk Whole Air Sampler (GWAS) instrument within the subtropical lowermost stratosphere (LS) and the tropical upper troposphere (UT) and tropopause layer (TTL). The measurements were performed within the framework of the NASA-ATTREX (National Aeronautics and Space Administration - Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment) project from aboard the Global Hawk (GH) during six deployments over the eastern Pacific in early 2013. These measurements are compared with TOMCAT/SLIMCAT (Toulouse Off-line Model of Chemistry And Transport/Single Layer Isentropic Model of Chemistry And Transport) 3-D model simulations, aiming at improvements of our understanding of the bromine budget and photochemistry in the LS, UT, and TTL. Changes in local O-3 (and NO2 and BrO) due to transport processes are separated from photochemical processes in intercomparisons of measured and modeled CH4 and O-3. After excellent agreement is achieved among measured and simulated CH4 and O-3, measured and modeled [NO2] are found to closely agree with <= 15 ppt in the TTL (which is the detection limit) and within a typical range of 70 to 170 ppt in the subtropical LS during the daytime. Measured [BrO] ranges between 3 and 9 ppt in the subtropical LS. In the TTL, [BrO] reaches 0.5 +/- 0.5 ppt at the bottom (150 hPa/355K/14 km) and up to about 5 ppt at the top (70 hPa/425K/18.5 km; see Fueglistaler et al., 2009 for the definition of the TTL used), in overall good agreement with the model simulations. Depending on the photochemical regime, the TOMCAT/SLIMCAT simulations tend to slightly underpredict measured BrO for large BrO concentrations, i.e., in the upper TTL and LS. The measured BrO and modeled BrO/Br-y(inorg) ratio is further used to calculate inorganic bromine, Br-y(inorg). For the TTL (i.e., when [CH4] >= 1790 ppb), [Br-y(inorg)] is found to increase from a mean of 2.63 +/- 1.04 ppt for potential temperatures (theta) in the range of 350-360K to 5.11 +/- 1.57 ppt for theta = 390 - 400K, whereas in the subtropical LS (i.e., when [CH4] <= 1790 ppb), it reaches 7.66 +/- 2.95 ppt for theta in the range of 390-400 K. Finally, for the eastern Pacific (170-90 degrees W), the TOMCAT/SLIMCAT simulations indicate a net loss of ozone of -0.3 ppbv day(-1) at the base of the TTL (theta = 355 K) and a net production of +1.8 ppbv day(-1) in the upper part (theta = 383 K). C1 [Werner, Bodo; Scalone, Lisa; Raecke, Rasmus; Pfeilsticker, Klaus] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys, Heidelberg, Germany. [Stutz, Jochen; Spolaor, Max; Festa, James; Colosimo, Santo Fedele; Cheung, Ross; Tsai, Catalina] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Hossaini, Ryan] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England. [Chipperfield, Martyn P.; Taverna, Giorgio S.] Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Feng, Wuhu] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Elkins, JamesW.; Fahey, DavidW.; Gao, Ru-Shan; Hintsa, Erik J.; Thornberry, Troy D.; Moore, Free Lee] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Hintsa, Erik J.; Thornberry, Troy D.; Moore, Free Lee] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Navarro, Maria A.; Atlas, Elliot] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Daube, Bruce C.; Pittman, Jasna; Wofsy, Steve] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Pfeilsticker, K (reprint author), Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys, Heidelberg, Germany. EM klaus.pfeilsticker@iup.uni-heidelberg.de RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program (NASA ATTREX Grant) [NNX10AO82A, NNX10AO83A, NNX10AO80A]; NASA [NNA11AA54I, NNA11AA55I]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG [PF-384 5-1/2, PF384 7-1/2 PF384 9-1/2, PF384 12-1]; EU project SHIVA [FP7-ENV-2007-1-226224]; NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program; NASA Radiation Sciences Program; NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), UK; NERC TropHal project [NE/J02449X/1]; Royal Society Wolfson Merit Award FX This study was funded through the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program (NASA ATTREX Grant numbers NNX10AO82A for HUPCRS, NNX10AO83A for GWAS, and NNX10AO80A for the mini-DOAS measurements). The NOAA ozone photometer and UCATS measurements were supported by the NASA ATTREX interagency agreement numbers NNA11AA54I and NNA11AA55I, respectively. Additional support for the mini-DOAS measurements came through the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG (through grants PF-384 5-1/2, PF384 7-1/2 PF384 9-1/2, and PF384 12-1), and the EU project SHIVA (FP7-ENV-2007-1-226224). RuShan Gao, T. D. Thornberry, and D. W. Fahey were supported by the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program and the NASA Radiation Sciences Program. The TOMCAT/SLIMCAT modeling was supported by the NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), UK, and by the NERC TropHal project (NE/J02449X/1). M. P. Chipperfield was supported by a Royal Society Wolfson Merit Award. We thank Eric Jensen (NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California) and his team for coordinating the NASA-ATTREX mission. We thank Joe McNorton for help with the NOAA and AGAGE CH4 data. E. Atlas and M. Navarro gratefully acknowledge R. Lueb, R. Hendershot, and S. Gabbard for technical support in the field and X. Zhu and L. Pope for GWAS data analysis. Jim Elkins of NOAA would like to acknowledge the assistance of G. S. Dutton, J. D. Nance, and B. D. Hall during the ATTREX flights, calibration, and integration. The authors are grateful for the comments given by two anonymous reviewers, and the comments of Barbara Dix and Rainer Volkamer (CU, Boulder, USA). NR 101 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 25 PY 2017 VL 17 IS 2 BP 1161 EP 1186 DI 10.5194/acp-17-1161-2017 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EL4OA UT WOS:000394599300002 ER PT J AU Li, PS Zhao, YG Zhang, S Chen, AT Li, DL Ma, J Liu, Y Pierce, DT Unguris, J Piao, HG Zhang, HY Zhu, MH Zhang, XZ Han, XF Pan, MC Nan, CW AF Li, Peisen Zhao, Yonggang Zhang, Sen Chen, Aitian Li, Dalai Ma, Jing Liu, Yan Pierce, Daniel T. Unguris, John Piao, Hong-Guang Zhang, Huiyun Zhu, Meihong Zhang, Xiaozhong Han, Xiufeng Pan, Mengchun Nan, Ce-Wen TI Spatially Resolved Ferroelectric Domain-Switching-Controlled Magnetism in Co40Fe40B20/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)(0.7)Ti0.3O3 Multiferroic Heterostructure SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE electric field control of magnetism; ferroelectric domain switching; spatially resolved; scanning Kerr microscopy; SEMPA ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; LOCAL MAGNETIZATION; VOLTAGE; FIELD; FILMS; STRAIN; MEMORY AB Intrinsic spatial inhomogeneity or phase separation in cuprates, manganites, etc., related to electronic and/or magnetic properties, has attracted much attention due to its significance in fundamental physics and applications. Here we use scanning Kerr microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis with in situ electric fields to reveal the existence of intrinsic spatial inhomogeneity of the magnetic response to an electric field on a mesoscale with the coexistence of looplike (nonvolatile) and butterfly like (volatile) behaviors in Co40Fe40B20/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)(0.7)Ti0.3O3 ferromagnetic/ferroelectric (FM/FE) multiferroic heterostructures. Both the experimental results and micromagnetic simulations suggest that these two behaviors come from the 109 degrees and the 71 degrees/180 degrees FE domain switching, respectively, which have a spatial distribution. This FE domain-switching-controlled magnetism is significant for understanding the nature of FM/FE coupling on the mesoscale and provides a path for designing magnetoelectric devices through domain engineering. C1 [Li, Peisen; Zhao, Yonggang; Zhang, Sen; Chen, Aitian; Liu, Yan; Zhang, Huiyun; Zhu, Meihong] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Li, Peisen; Zhao, Yonggang; Zhang, Sen; Chen, Aitian; Liu, Yan; Zhang, Huiyun; Zhu, Meihong] Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Low Dimens Quantum Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Li, Peisen; Zhao, Yonggang; Zhang, Sen; Chen, Aitian; Liu, Yan] Collaborat Innovat Ctr Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Li, Peisen; Pan, Mengchun] Natl Univ Def Technol, Coll Mechatron & Automat, Changsha 410073, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Li, Dalai; Han, Xiufeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Ma, Jing; Nan, Ce-Wen] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Ma, Jing; Nan, Ce-Wen] Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab New Ceram & Fine Proc, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Pierce, Daniel T.; Unguris, John] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Piao, Hong-Guang; Zhang, Xiaozhong] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Piao, Hong-Guang; Zhang, Xiaozhong] Tsinghua Univ, Key Lab Adv Mat MOE, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Zhao, YG (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.; Zhao, YG (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Low Dimens Quantum Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.; Zhao, YG (reprint author), Collaborat Innovat Ctr Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM ygzhao@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Chen, Aitian/O-7644-2016; OI Chen, Aitian/0000-0003-3535-9470; Ma, Jing/0000-0003-0103-9858 FU 973 project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2015CB921402]; National Science Foundation of China [51572150, 11134007, 11234007, 51471093, 11604384, 11474183, 11304385, 51332001]; Research Project of National University of Defense Technology [JC15-03-02] FX This work was supported by the 973 project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant 2015CB921402), National Science Foundation of China (Grants 51572150, 11134007, 11234007, 51471093, 11604384, 11474183, 11304385, and 51332001), and Research Project of National University of Defense Technology (Grant JC15-03-02). NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JAN 25 PY 2017 VL 9 IS 3 BP 2642 EP 2649 DI 10.1021/acsami.6b13620 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA EJ0OP UT WOS:000392909500074 PM 28025891 ER PT J AU Sorhus, E Incardona, JP Furmanek, T Goetz, GW Scholz, NL Meier, S Edvardsen, RB Jentoft, S AF Sorhus, Elin Incardona, John P. Furmanek, Tomasz Goetz, Giles W. Scholz, Nathaniel L. Meier, Sonnich Edvardsen, Rolf B. Jentoft, Sissel TI Novel adverse outcome pathways revealed by chemical genetics in a developing marine fish SO ELIFE LA English DT Article ID CRANIAL NEURAL CREST; YOLK SYNCYTIAL LAYER; CRUDE-OIL; ATLANTIC COD; EMBRYONIC LYMPHANGIOGENESIS; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; CARDIAC MORPHOGENESIS; RHESUS GLYCOPROTEINS; ZEBRAFISH EMBRYOS; HEART DEVELOPMENT AB Crude oil spills are a worldwide ocean conservation threat. Fish are particularly vulnerable to the oiling of spawning habitats, and crude oil causes severe abnormalities in embryos and larvae. However, the underlying mechanisms for these developmental defects are not well understood. Here, we explore the transcriptional basis for four discrete crude oil injury phenotypes in the early life stages of the commercially important Atlantic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). These include defects in (1) cardiac form and function, (2) craniofacial development, (3) ionoregulation and fluid balance, and (4) cholesterol synthesis and homeostasis. Our findings suggest a key role for intracellular calcium cycling and excitation-transcription coupling in the dysregulation of heart and jaw morphogenesis. Moreover, the disruption of ionoregulatory pathways sheds new light on buoyancy control in marine fish embryos. Overall, our chemical-genetic approach identifies initiating events for distinct adverse outcome pathways and novel roles for individual genes in fundamental developmental processes. C1 [Sorhus, Elin; Furmanek, Tomasz; Meier, Sonnich; Edvardsen, Rolf B.] Inst Marine Res, Bergen, Norway. [Sorhus, Elin; Jentoft, Sissel] Univ Oslo, Ctr Ecol & Evolut Synth, Oslo, Norway. [Incardona, John P.; Goetz, Giles W.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Jentoft, Sissel] Univ Agder, Dept Nat Sci, Kristiansand, Norway. RP Sorhus, E (reprint author), Inst Marine Res, Bergen, Norway.; Sorhus, E (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Ctr Ecol & Evolut Synth, Oslo, Norway. EM elin.sorhus@imr.no OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU Norges Forskningsrad [234367]; VISTA Foundation [6161]; Institute of Marine Research [14236] FX Norges Forskningsrad Project no. 234367 Elin Sorhus John P Incardona Tomasz Furmanek Nathaniel L Scholz Sonnich Meier Rolf B Edvardsen Sissel Jentoft; VISTA Foundation Project no. 6161 Elin Sorhus; Institute of Marine Research Project no. 14236 Elin Sorhus Tomasz Furmanek Sonnich Meier Rolf B Edvardsen NR 101 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELIFE SCIENCES PUBLICATIONS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA SHERATON HOUSE, CASTLE PARK, CAMBRIDGE, CB3 0AX, ENGLAND SN 2050-084X J9 ELIFE JI eLife PD JAN 24 PY 2017 VL 6 AR e20707 DI 10.7554/eLife.20707 PG 30 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA EK9PM UT WOS:000394256400001 ER PT J AU Burenkov, IA Gerrits, T Lita, A Nam, SW Shalm, LK Polyakov, SV AF Burenkov, Ivan A. Gerrits, Thomas Lita, Adriana Nam, Sae Woo Shalm, L. Krister Polyakov, Sergey V. TI Quantum frequency bridge: high-accuracy characterization of a nearly-noiseless parametric frequency converter SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID UP-CONVERSION INTERFEROMETER; SINGLE-PHOTON-LEVEL; DOT SPIN; WAVELENGTH; PHASE; LIGHT; ENTANGLEMENT; EFFICIENCY AB We demonstrate an efficient and inherently ultra-low noise frequency conversion via a parametric sum frequency generation. Due to the wide separation between the input and pump frequencies and the low pump frequency relative to the input photons, the upconversion results in only approximate to 100 background photons per hour. To measure such a low rate, we introduced a dark count reduction algorithm for an optical transition edge sensor. (C) 2017 Optical Society of America C1 [Burenkov, Ivan A.] Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Burenkov, Ivan A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Burenkov, Ivan A.; Polyakov, Sergey V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gerrits, Thomas; Lita, Adriana; Nam, Sae Woo; Shalm, L. Krister] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Burenkov, IA (reprint author), Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Burenkov, IA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Burenkov, IA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ivan.burenkov@gmail.com FU NSF through Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX Authors thank Alan L. Migdall for helping with the TES setup and for supportive discussions. IAB thanks Y.-H. Cheng for fruitful discussion and help with the experimental setup. This work was supported in part by the NSF through Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 23 PY 2017 VL 25 IS 2 BP 907 EP 917 DI 10.1364/OE.25.000907 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA EO2HY UT WOS:000396518400037 PM 28157979 ER PT J AU Choukulkar, A Brewer, WA Sandberg, SP Weickmann, A Bonin, TA Hardesty, RM Lundquist, JK Delgado, R Iungo, GV Ashton, R Debnath, M Bianco, L Wilczak, JM Oncley, S Wolfe, D AF Choukulkar, Aditya Brewer, W. Alan Sandberg, Scott P. Weickmann, Ann Bonin, Timothy A. Hardesty, R. Michael Lundquist, Julie K. Delgado, Ruben Iungo, G. Valerio Ashton, Ryan Debnath, Mithu Bianco, Laura Wilczak, James M. Oncley, Steven Wolfe, Daniel TI Evaluation of single and multiple Doppler lidar techniques to measure complex flow during the XPIA field campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID WIND MEASUREMENTS; TURBINE; ERROR; LAYER; VALIDATION; ANEMOMETRY; RETRIEVAL; DYNAMICS AB Accurate three-dimensional information of wind flow fields can be an important tool in not only visualizing complex flow but also understanding the underlying physical processes and improving flow modeling. However, a thorough analysis of the measurement uncertainties is required to properly interpret results. The XPIA (eXperimental Planetary boundary layer Instrumentation Assessment) field campaign conducted at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) in Erie, CO, from 2 March to 31 May 2015 brought together a large suite of in situ and remote sensing measurement platforms to evaluate complex flow measurement strategies. In this paper, measurement uncertainties for different single and multi-Doppler strategies using simple scan geometries (conical, vertical plane and staring) are investigated. The tradeoffs (such as time-space resolution vs. spatial coverage) among the different measurement techniques are evaluated using co-located measurements made near the BAO tower. Sensitivity of the single-/multi-Doppler measurement uncertainties to averaging period are investigated using the sonic anemometers installed on the BAO tower as the standard reference. Finally, the radiometer measurements are used to partition the measurement periods as a function of atmospheric stability to determine their effect on measurement uncertainty. It was found that with an increase in spatial coverage and measurement complexity, the uncertainty in the wind measurement also increased. For multi-Doppler techniques, the increase in uncertainty for temporally uncoordinated measurements is possibly due to requiring additional assumptions of stationarity along with horizontal homogeneity and less representative line-of-sight velocity statistics. It was also found that wind speed measurement uncertainty was lower during stable conditions compared to unstable conditions. C1 [Choukulkar, Aditya; Weickmann, Ann; Bonin, Timothy A.; Hardesty, R. Michael; Bianco, Laura] Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Choukulkar, Aditya; Brewer, W. Alan; Sandberg, Scott P.; Weickmann, Ann; Bonin, Timothy A.; Hardesty, R. Michael] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lundquist, Julie K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lundquist, Julie K.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Delgado, Ruben] Univ Maryland, Atmospher Phys Dept, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Iungo, G. Valerio; Ashton, Ryan; Debnath, Mithu] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mech Engn, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Bianco, Laura; Wilczak, James M.; Wolfe, Daniel] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Oncley, Steven] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Choukulkar, A (reprint author), Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Choukulkar, A (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM aditya.choukulkar@noaa.gov FU US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory FX The authors acknowledge the funding for this work provided by the US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy and by NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory. The authors also acknowledge contributions of numerous individuals and organization who assisted with the field deployment including Bruce Bartram, Duane Hazen, Tom Ayers, Jesse Leach, Paul Johnston, Lefthand Water District, Erie High School and the St. Vrain School District. We also express our appreciation to NOAA/Earth Systems Research Laboratory/Physical Sciences Division for supporting the instrumentation at the BAO facility. We express appreciation to the National Science Foundation for supporting the CABL deployments (https://www.eol.ucar.edu/field_projects/cabl) of the tower instrumentation. NREL is a national laboratory of the US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PD JAN 23 PY 2017 VL 10 IS 1 BP 247 EP 264 DI 10.5194/amt-10-247-2017 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM6BK UT WOS:000395397600001 ER PT J AU Takekoshi, T Minamidani, T Komugi, S Kohno, K Tosaki, T Sorai, K Muller, E Mizuno, N Kawamura, A Onishi, T Fukui, Y Ezawa, H Oshima, T Scott, KS Austermann, JE Matsuo, H Aretxaga, I Hughes, DH Kawabe, R Wilson, GW Yun, MS AF Takekoshi, Tatsuya Minamidani, Tetsuhiro Komugi, Shinya Kohno, Kotaro Tosaki, Tomoka Sorai, Kazuo Muller, Erik Mizuno, Norikazu Kawamura, Akiko Onishi, Toshikazu Fukui, Yasuo Ezawa, Hajime Oshima, Tai Scott, Kimberly S. Austermann, Jason E. Matsuo, Hiroshi Aretxaga, Itziar Hughes, David H. Kawabe, Ryohei Wilson, Grant W. Yun, Min S. TI THE 1.1 mm CONTINUUM SURVEY OF THE SMALL MAGELLANIC CLOUD: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND EVOLUTION OF THE DUST-SELECTED CLOUDS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual (SMC); ISM: clouds; ISM: molecules; Magellanic Clouds ID GIANT MOLECULAR CLOUDS; SKY SURVEY MAPS; STAR-FORMATION; INFRARED-EMISSION; INTERSTELLAR DUST; GALAXY EVOLUTION; LOW-METALLICITY; KEY PROGRAM; PHOTODISSOCIATION REGIONS; MILLIMETER WAVELENGTHS AB The first 1.1 mm continuum survey toward the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) was performed using the AzTEC instrument installed on the ASTE 10 m telescope. This survey covered 4.5 deg(2) of the SMC with 1 sigma noise levels of 5-12 mJy beam(-1), and 44 extended objects were identified. The 1.1 mm extended emission has good spatial correlation with Herschel 160 mu m, indicating that the origin of the 1.1 mm extended emission is thermal emission from a cold dust component. We estimated physical properties using the 1.1 mm and filtered Herschel data (100, 160, 250, 350, and 500 mu m). The 1.1 mm objects show dust temperatures of 17-45 K and gas masses of 4 x 10(3)-3 x 10(5) M-circle dot, assuming single-temperature thermal emission from the cold dust with an emissivity index, beta, of 1.2 and a gas-to-dust ratio of 1000. These physical properties are very similar to those of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in our galaxy and the Large Magellanic Cloud. The 1.1 mm objects also displayed good spatial correlation with the Spitzer 24 mu m and CO emission, suggesting that the 1.1 mm objects trace the dense gas regions as sites of massive star formation. The dust temperature of the 1.1 mm objects also demonstrated good correlation with the 24 mu m flux connected to massive star formation. This supports the hypothesis that the heating source of the cold dust is mainly local star-formation activity in the 1.1 mm objects. The classification of the 1.1 mm objects based on the existence of star-formation activity reveals the differences in the dust temperature, gas mass, and radius, which reflects the evolution sequence of GMCs. C1 [Takekoshi, Tatsuya; Minamidani, Tetsuhiro; Sorai, Kazuo] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Cosmosci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Takekoshi, Tatsuya; Minamidani, Tetsuhiro; Oshima, Tai; Kawabe, Ryohei] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Nobeyama Radio Observ, 462-2 Nobeyama, Minamisaku, Nagano 3841305, Japan. [Takekoshi, Tatsuya; Komugi, Shinya; Muller, Erik; Mizuno, Norikazu; Kawamura, Akiko; Ezawa, Hajime; Kawabe, Ryohei] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Chile Observ, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Minamidani, Tetsuhiro; Sorai, Kazuo] Hokkaido Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Minamidani, Tetsuhiro; Mizuno, Norikazu; Ezawa, Hajime; Oshima, Tai; Matsuo, Hiroshi; Kawabe, Ryohei] SOKENDAI, Sch Phys Sci, Dept Astron Sci, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Komugi, Shinya; Kohno, Kotaro] Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. [Komugi, Shinya] Kogakuin Univ, 2665-1 Nakano, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920015, Japan. [Kohno, Kotaro] Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Tosaki, Tomoka] Joetsu Univ Educ, Joetsu, Niigata 9438512, Japan. [Mizuno, Norikazu; Kawabe, Ryohei] Joint ALMA Observ, Santiago, Chile. [Onishi, Toshikazu] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Gakuen 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan. [Fukui, Yasuo] Nagoya Univ, Dept Astrophys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. [Oshima, Tai; Matsuo, Hiroshi] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ NAOJ, Adv Technol Ctr, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Scott, Kimberly S.; Austermann, Jason E.; Wilson, Grant W.; Yun, Min S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Scott, Kimberly S.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, North Amer ALMA Sci Ctr, 520 Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Austermann, Jason E.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Aretxaga, Itziar; Hughes, David H.] INAOE, Puebla 72000, Mexico. RP Takekoshi, T (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Cosmosci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan.; Takekoshi, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Nobeyama Radio Observ, 462-2 Nobeyama, Minamisaku, Nagano 3841305, Japan.; Takekoshi, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Chile Observ, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. FU MEXT KAKENHI Grant [20001003]; JSPS KAKENHI Grant [19403005, 22740127] FX The ASTE project was driven by NRO/NAOJ, in collaboration with the University of Chile, and Japanese institutes including the University of Tokyo, Nagoya University, Osaka Prefecture University, Ibaraki University, Hokkaido University, and Joetsu University of Education. Observations with ASTE were carried out remotely from Japan using NTT's GEMnet2 and its partner R&E networks, which are based on AccessNova collaboration between the University of Chile, NTT Laboratories, and NAOJ. This work is based on data products made with the Spitzer Space Telescope (JPL/Caltech under a contract with NASA), and has made use of SIMBAD, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. This work was partly supported by MEXT KAKENHI Grant Number 20001003 and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 19403005, 22740127. We appreciate the many fruitful discussions about the FRUIT procedure with M. Hiramatsu, N. Ikeda, Y. Otomo, Y. Shimajiri, and T. Tsukagoshi. The authors also would like to thank the anonymous reviewer for valuable comments and suggestions that improved. the. manuscript. NR 92 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2017 VL 835 IS 1 AR 55 DI 10.3847/1538-4357/835/1/55 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EJ8DO UT WOS:000393455400055 ER PT J AU Chen, DS Lander, GR Solomon, GS Flagg, EB AF Chen, Disheng Lander, Gary R. Solomon, Glenn S. Flagg, Edward B. TI Polarization-Dependent Interference of Coherent Scattering from Orthogonal Dipole Moments of a Resonantly Excited Quantum Dot SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE PHOTONS; FINE-STRUCTURE; FLUORESCENCE; SPECTRA; DEVICE; STATE AB Resonant photoluminescence excitation (RPLE) spectra of a neutral InGaAs quantum dot show unconventional line shapes that depend on the detection polarization. We characterize this phenomenon by performing polarization-dependent RPLE measurements and simulating the measured spectra with a threelevel quantum model. The spectra are explained by interference between fields coherently scattered from the two fine structure split exciton states, and the measurements enable extraction of the steady-state coherence between the two exciton states. C1 [Chen, Disheng; Lander, Gary R.; Flagg, Edward B.] West Virginia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. EM edward.flagg@mail.wvu.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1452840] FX We would like to acknowledge Tim Thomay for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (DMR-1452840). NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2017 VL 118 IS 3 AR 037401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.037401 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA EI2BD UT WOS:000392290200027 PM 28157367 ER PT J AU Teimourpour, MH Rahman, A Srinivasan, K El-Ganainy, R AF Teimourpour, M. H. Rahman, A. Srinivasan, K. El-Ganainy, R. TI Non-Hermitian Engineering of Synthetic Saturable Absorbers for Applications in Photonics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDE ARRAYS; PARITY-TIME SYMMETRY; PASSIVE MODE-LOCKING; LASERS; FEMTOSECOND; SOLITONS; LATTICES; MIRROR AB We explore a type of synthetic saturable absorber based on quantum-inspired photonic arrays. We demonstrate that the interplay between optical Kerr nonlinearity, interference effects, and non-Hermiticity through radiation loss leads to a nonlinear optical filtering response with two distinct regimes of small and large optical transmissions. More interestingly, we show that the boundary between these two regimes can be very sharp. The threshold optical intensity that marks this abrupt "phase transition" and its steepness can be engineered by varying the number of the guiding elements. The practical feasibility of these structures as well as their potential applications in laser systems and optical signal processing are also discussed. C1 [Teimourpour, M. H.; Rahman, A.; El-Ganainy, R.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Teimourpour, M. H.; Rahman, A.; El-Ganainy, R.] Michigan Technol Univ, Henes Ctr Quantum Phenomena, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Srinivasan, K.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP El-Ganainy, R (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.; El-Ganainy, R (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Henes Ctr Quantum Phenomena, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM ganainy@mtu.edu NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2331-7019 J9 PHYS REV APPL JI Phys. Rev. Appl. PD JAN 20 PY 2017 VL 7 IS 1 AR 014015 DI 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.7.014015 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA EI2QA UT WOS:000392331400001 ER PT J AU Kossin, JP AF Kossin, James P. TI Hurricane intensification along United States coast suppressed during active hurricane periods SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; EXTREME STORMS STATE; VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; UNDERSTANDING TRENDS; ATLANTIC HURRICANES; VARIABILITY; KNOWLEDGE; LANDFALL AB The North Atlantic ocean/atmosphere environment exhibits pronounced interdecadal variability that is known to strongly modulate Atlantic hurricane activity(1-6). Variability in sea surface temperature (SST) is correlated with hurricane variability through its relationship with the genesis and thermodynamic potential intensity of hurricanes(7). Another key factor that governs the genesis and intensity of hurricanes is ambient environmental vertical wind shear(8-10) (VWS). Warmer SSTs generally correlate with more frequent genesis and greater potential intensity, while VWS inhibits genesis and prevents any hurricanes that do form from reaching their potential intensity. When averaged over the main hurricane-development region in the Atlantic, SST and VWS co-vary inversely(11,12), so that the two factors act in concert to either enhance or inhibit basin-wide hurricane activity. Here I show, however, that conditions conducive to greater basin-wide Atlantic hurricane activity occur together with conditions for more probable weakening of hurricanes near the United States coast. Thus, the VWS and SST form a protective barrier along the United States coast during periods of heightened basin-wide hurricane activity. Conversely, during the most-recent period of basin-wide quiescence, hurricanes (and particularly major hurricanes) near the United States coast, although substantially less frequent, exhibited much greater variability in their rate of intensification, and were much more likely to intensify rapidly. Such heightened variability poses greater challenges to operational forecasting and, consequently, greater coastal risk during hurricane events. C1 [Kossin, James P.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Ctr Weather & Climate, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Kossin, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Ctr Weather & Climate, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM james.kossin@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 19 PY 2017 VL 541 IS 7637 BP 390 EP + DI 10.1038/nature20783 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN6QP UT WOS:000396128800041 PM 28052058 ER PT J AU Soloninin, AV Dimitrievska, M Skoryunov, RV Babanova, OA Skripov, AV Tang, WS Stavila, V Orimo, S Udovic, TJ AF Soloninin, Alexei V. Dimitrievska, Mirjana Skoryunov, Roman V. Babanova, Olga A. Skripov, Alexander V. Tang, Wan Si Stavila, Vitalie Orimo, Shin-ichi Udovic, Terrence J. TI Comparison of Anion Reorientational Dynamics in MCB(9)Hi(10) and M2B10H10 (M = Li, Na) via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Quasielastic Neutron Scattering Studies SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SODIUM SUPERIONIC CONDUCTION; SOLID ELECTROLYTES; HYDROGEN DIFFUSION; MOTION; NA2B12H12; PHASE; RB; DIFFRACTION; NA2B10H10; LITHIUM AB The disordered phases of the 1-carba-closo-decaborates LiCB9H10 and NaCB(9)Hi(10) exhibit the best solid-state ionic conductivities to date among all known polycrystalline competitors, likely facilitated in part by the highly orientationally mobile CB9H10- anions. We have undertaken both NMR and quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) measurements to help characterize the monovalent anion reorientational mobilities and mechanisms associated with these two compounds and to compare their anion reorientational behaviors with those for the divalent B10H102- anions in the related Li(2)B(10)Hio and Na2B10H10 compounds. NMR data show that the transition from the low-T ordered to the high-T disordered phase for both LiCB9H10 and NaCB9Hio is accompanied by a nearly two-orders-of-magnitude increase in the reorientational jump rate of CB9H10 anions. QENS measurements of the various disordered compounds indicate anion jump correlation frequencies on the order of 10(10)-10(11) s(-1) and confirm that NaCB9H10 displays jump frequencies about 60% to 120% higher than those for LiCB9H10 and Na2B10H10 at comparable temperatures. The Qdependent quasielastic scattering suggests similar small-angular-jump reorientational mechanisms for the different disordered anions, changing from more uniaxial in character at lower temperatures to more multidimensional at higher temperatures, although still falling short of full three-dimensional rotational diffusion below 500 K within the nanosecond neutron window. C1 [Soloninin, Alexei V.; Skoryunov, Roman V.; Babanova, Olga A.; Skripov, Alexander V.] Russian Acad Sci, Ural Div, Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia. [Dimitrievska, Mirjana; Tang, Wan Si; Udovic, Terrence J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dimitrievska, Mirjana] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Tang, Wan Si] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stavila, Vitalie] Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Nanomat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Orimo, Shin-ichi] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Orimo, Shin-ichi] Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Skripov, AV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Ural Div, Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia.; Dimitrievska, M; Udovic, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Dimitrievska, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM mirjana.dimitrievska@nist.gov; skripov@imp.uran.ru; udovic@nist.gov RI Babanova, Olga/J-4821-2013; ORIMO, Shin-ichi/A-4971-2011; Skoryunov, Roman/K-6838-2013 OI Babanova, Olga/0000-0002-2422-3263; ORIMO, Shin-ichi/0000-0002-4216-0446; Skoryunov, Roman/0000-0001-6158-9056 FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [15-03-01114]; Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences [15-9-2-9]; Collaborative Research Center on Energy Materials, Tohoku University; JSPS KAKENHI [25220911, 2682031]; CRDF Global [FSCX-15-61826-0]; US DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office [DE-AC36-08GO28308]; US DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772, DMR-1508249]; Russian Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations [01201463330] FX This work was performed, in part, in collaboration between members of IEA HIA Task 32- Hydrogen-Based Energy Storage, and within the assignment of the Russian Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations (program "Spin" No. 01201463330). The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under Grant No. 15-03-01114; the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences under Grant No. 15-9-2-9; the Collaborative Research Center on Energy Materials, Tohoku University; and JSPS KAKENHI under Grant Nos. 25220911 and 2682031. A. V. S. gratefully acknowledges travel support from CRDF Global in conjunction with this work under Grant No. FSCX-15-61826-0. M.D. gratefully acknowledges support from the US DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office, under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the US DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-0944772 and DMR-1508249. The opinions, findings, and conclusions stated herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of CRDF Global. The authors thank J. J. Rush, D. A. Neumann, and C. M. Brown for helpful discussions. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JAN 19 PY 2017 VL 121 IS 2 BP 1000 EP 1012 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b09113 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA EI5SD UT WOS:000392554000003 ER PT J AU Hyatt, K Garrison, JR Potter, AC Bauer, B AF Hyatt, Katharine Garrison, James R. Potter, Andrew C. Bauer, Bela TI Many-body localization in the presence of a small bath SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; SYSTEMS; THERMALIZATION; DISORDER; STATES AB In the presence of strong disorder and weak interactions, closed quantum systems can enter a many-body localized phase where the system does not conduct, does not equilibrate even for arbitrarily long times, and robustly violates quantum statistical mechanics. The starting point for such a many-body localized phase is usually taken to be an Anderson insulator where, in the limit of vanishing interactions, all degrees of freedom of the system are localized. Here, we instead consider a model where in the noninteracting limit, some degrees of freedom are localized while others remain delocalized. Such a system can be viewed as a model for a many-body localized system brought into contact with a small bath of a comparable number of degrees of freedom. We numerically and analytically study the effect of interactions on this system and find that generically, the entire system delocalizes. However, we find certain parameter regimes where results are consistent with localization of the entire system, an effect recently termed many-body proximity effect. C1 [Hyatt, Katharine; Garrison, James R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Potter, Andrew C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bauer, Bela] Stn Q Microsoft Res, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Garrison, James R.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Garrison, James R.] NIST, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Garrison, James R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Potter, Andrew C.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Garrison, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.; Garrison, JR (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Garrison, JR (reprint author), NIST, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Garrison, JR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU National Science Foundation [DMR-14-04230]; Caltech Institute of Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE 1144085]; Center for Scientific Computing at the CNSI; MRL: an NSF MRSEC [DMR-1121053]; NSF [CNS-0960316]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS Initiative [GBMF4307] FX We thank Chris Laumann, Sankar Das Sarma, Sarang Gopalakrishnan, and Sid Parameswaran for insightful discussions. This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation, under Grant No. DMR-14-04230 (J.R.G.), and by the Caltech Institute of Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (J.R.G.). This material is based uponwork supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE 1144085. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. We acknowledge support from the Center for Scientific Computing at the CNSI and MRL: an NSF MRSEC (DMR-1121053) and NSF CNS-0960316. A.C.P. was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS Initiative through Grant No. GBMF4307. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 19 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 3 AR 035132 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.95.035132 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA EI1XU UT WOS:000392280900003 ER PT J AU Chen, PJ Zhu, M Tibus, S Dyer, T Piccirillo, J Ocker, B Shull, RD AF Chen, P. J. Zhu, M. Tibus, S. Dyer, T. Piccirillo, J. Ocker, B. Shull, R. D. TI Annealing stability study of Co20Fe60B20\MgO\Co20Fe60B20 perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE thermal stability; pMTJs; CoFeB/MgO; Ta and B interdifussion ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SPIN-TRANSFER; MAGNETORESISTANCE; ANISOTROPY AB A full Co20Fe60B20\MgO\Co20Fe60B20 perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (pMTJ) with (Co\Pt) multilayers as pinning layers and different functional multilayers stacks were made and annealed at different temperatures. The tunneling magnetoresistance ratio (TMR) and MgO barrier resistance-area (RA) product were measured and analyzed as a function of annealing temperature. The TMR of pMTJs dramatically declines with increasing annealing temperatures from 320 degrees C to 400 degrees C, while the RA increases with temperature from 375 degrees C to 450 degrees C. The pMTJs and partial stacks were also measured in a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). We found that the (Co\Pt) multilayers are very stable and maintain a magnetization direction perpendicular to the film plane up to 450 degrees C. However, the magnetization direction of the CoFeB above and below the MgO barrier rotates from perpendicular to in-plane with increasing annealing temperature. Furthermore, the CoFeB layer influences the adjacent (Co\Pt) layers to rotate at the same time. The pMTJs' elemental depth profiles in the as-deposited and annealed states were determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). We found that boron (B) and tantalum (Ta) migrate toward the top of the stack. The other elements (platinum (Pt), cobalt (Co), ruthenium (Ru), and magnesium (Mg)) are very stable and do not interdiffuse during annealing up to 450 degrees C. C1 [Chen, P. J.; Shull, R. D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhu, M.; Piccirillo, J.] SUNY Polytech Inst, Coll Nanoscale Sci, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Zhu, M.; Piccirillo, J.] SUNY Polytech Inst, Coll Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Dyer, T.] SEMATECH Inc, 257 Fuller Rd, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Tibus, S.; Ocker, B.] Singulus Technol AG, D-63796 Kahl, Germany. [Chen, P. J.] Theiss Res, 7411 Eads Ave, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Chen, PJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Chen, PJ (reprint author), Theiss Res, 7411 Eads Ave, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM pjchen46@gmail.com RI Tibus, Stefan/F-5017-2015 OI Tibus, Stefan/0000-0002-4306-8561 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology research award [70NANB16H011] FX This work was supported in part by National Institute of Standards and Technology research award 70NANB16H011. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD JAN 18 PY 2017 VL 50 IS 2 AR 025006 DI 10.1088/1361-6463/50/2/025006 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA EF4XR UT WOS:000390335800002 ER PT J AU Witte, R Kruk, R Molinari, A Wang, D Schlabach, S Brand, RA Provenzano, V Hahn, H AF Witte, Ralf Kruk, Robert Molinari, Alan Wang, Di Schlabach, Sabine Brand, Richard A. Provenzano, Virgil Hahn, Horst TI Epitaxial strain-engineered self-assembly of magnetic nanostructures in FeRh thin films SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE magnetic nanostructure; self-assembly; strain-adaption; epitaxy; FeRh ID CO-AG; ALLOYS AB In this paper we introduce an innovative bottom-\up approach for engineering self-\assembled magnetic nanostructures using epitaxial strain-\induced twinning and phase separation. X-\ray diffraction, Fe-57 Mossbauer spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy show that epitaxial films of a near-\equiatomic FeRh alloy respond to the applied epitaxial strain by laterally splitting into two structural phases on the nanometer length scale. Most importantly, these two structural phases differ with respect to their magnetic properties, one being paramagnetic and the other ferromagnetic, thus leading to the formation of a patterned magnetic nanostructure. It is argued that the phase separation directly results from the different strain-\dependence of the total energy of the two competing phases. This straightforward relation directly enables further tailoring and optimization of the nanostructures' properties. C1 [Witte, Ralf; Kruk, Robert; Molinari, Alan; Wang, Di; Brand, Richard A.; Hahn, Horst] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Nanotechnol, Hermann von Helmholtz Pl 1, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. [Wang, Di; Schlabach, Sabine] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facil, Hermann von Helmholtz Pl 1, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. [Schlabach, Sabine] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Appl Mat, Hermann von Helmholtz Pl 1, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. [Brand, Richard A.] Univ Duisburg Essen, Fac Phys, Lotharstr 1, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. [Brand, Richard A.] Univ Duisburg Essen, Ctr Nanointegrat Duisburg Essen CENIDE, Lotharstr 1, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. [Provenzano, Virgil] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Provenzano, Virgil] George Washington Univ, Inst Magnet Res, 20101 Acad Way, Ashburn, VA 20147 USA. [Hahn, Horst] Tech Univ Darmstadt, KIT TUD Joint Res Lab Nanomat, Jovanka Bontschits Str 2, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Witte, R (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Nanotechnol, Hermann von Helmholtz Pl 1, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. EM ralf.witte@kit.edu FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [HA1344/28-1] FX The authors acknowledge funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft via HA1344/28-1. We thank L Bennett, E Dellatorre (George Washington University in Washington, D.C., USA) and M E Gruner, P Entel, R Pentcheva and H Wende (University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany) for fruitful discussions. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 20 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD JAN 18 PY 2017 VL 50 IS 2 AR 025007 DI 10.1088/1361-6463/50/2/025007 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA EF4UH UT WOS:000390327000001 ER PT J AU Sheng, D Perry, AR Krzyzewski, SP Geller, S Kitching, J Knappe, S AF Sheng, D. Perry, A. R. Krzyzewski, S. P. Geller, S. Kitching, J. Knappe, S. TI A microfabricated optically-pumped magnetic gradiometer SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCALE ATOMIC MAGNETOMETER AB We report on the development of a microfabricated atomic magnetic gradiometer based on optical spectroscopy of alkali atoms in the vapor phase. The gradiometer, which operates in the spin-exchange relaxation free regime, has a length of 60 mm and cross sectional diameter of 12 mm, and consists of two chip-scale atomic magnetometers which are interrogated by a common laser light. The sensor can measure differences in magnetic fields, over a 20 mm baseline, of 10 fT/Hz(1/2) at frequencies above 20 Hz. The maximum rejection of magnetic field noise is 1000 at 10 Hz. By use of a set of compensation coils wrapped around the sensor, we also measure the sensor sensitivity at several external bias field strengths up to 150 mG. This device is useful for applications that require both sensitive gradient field information and high common-mode noise cancellation. C1 [Sheng, D.; Perry, A. R.; Krzyzewski, S. P.; Geller, S.; Kitching, J.; Knappe, S.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sheng, D.; Perry, A. R.; Krzyzewski, S. P.; Knappe, S.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sheng, D.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Precis Machinery & Precis Instrumentat, Hefei 230027, Peoples R China. RP Sheng, D (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Sheng, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Sheng, D (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Precis Machinery & Precis Instrumentat, Hefei 230027, Peoples R China. RI Sheng, Dong/J-6640-2014 FU NIH; NIST FX Funding from NIH and NIST is acknowledged. The authors thank Susan Schima for fabrication support. This work is a contribution of NIST, an agency of U.S. Government, and is not subject to copyright. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 16 PY 2017 VL 110 IS 3 AR 031106 DI 10.1063/1.4974349 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA EI9OE UT WOS:000392836900006 PM 28179732 ER PT J AU Stout, SA Rouhani, S Liu, B Oehrig, J Ricker, RW Baker, G Lewis, C AF Stout, Scott A. Rouhani, Shahrokh Liu, Bo Oehrig, Jacob Ricker, Robert W. Baker, Gregory Lewis, Christopher TI Assessing the footprint and volume of oil deposited in deep-sea sediments following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Submerged oil; Benthic exposure; Chemical fingerprinting; Fallout plume; Hopane; PAH ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MACONDO OIL; BIODEGRADATION; HYDROCARBONS; FLOOR AB The lateral and vertical extents of Macondo oil in deep-sea sediments resulting from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill were determined using chemical forensics and geostatistical kriging of data from 2397 sediment samples from 875 cores collected in 2010/2011 and 2014. The total mass of Macondo-derived hopane on the seafloor in 2010/2011 was conservatively estimated between 2.00 and 226 metric tons, derived from 219,000 to 247,000 barrels of oil; or 6.9 to 7.7% of the 3.19 million barrels spilled. Macondo-derived hopane was deposited over 1030 to 1910 km(2) of the seafloor, mostly (>97%) in surface (0-1 cm) and near-surface (1-3 cm) sediments, which is consistent with short-term oil deposition. Although Macondo oil was still present in surface sediments in 2014, the total mass of Macondo-derived hopane was significantly lower (similar to 80 to 90%) than in 2010/2011, affirming an acute impact from the spill and not long-term deposition from natural seeps. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stout, Scott A.; Liu, Bo] NewFields Environm Forens Practice LLC, 300 Ledgewood Pl,Suite 305, Rockland, MA 02370 USA. [Rouhani, Shahrokh; Oehrig, Jacob] NewFields Atlanta LLC, 1349 W Peachtree St,Suite 2000, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ricker, Robert W.] NOAA, Assessment & Restorat Div, 1410 Neotomas Ave,Suite 110, Santa Rosa, CA USA. [Baker, Gregory] NOAA, Assessment & Restorat Div, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-999, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Lewis, Christopher] Ind Econ Inc, 2067 Massachusetts Ave,4th Floor, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Stout, SA (reprint author), NewFields Environm Forens Practice LLC, 300 Ledgewood Pl,Suite 305, Rockland, MA 02370 USA. EM sstout@newfields.com FU NOAA FX This study was conducted within the Deepwater Horizon NRDA investigation, which was cooperatively conducted by NOAA, other Federal and State Trustees, and BP. The scientific results and conclusion of this publication, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the view of NOAA or any other natural resource Trustee for the BP/Deepwater Horizon NRDA. The authors declare no competing financial interest in the publication of this study. Funding for the study was provided by NOAA through Industrial Economics, Incorporated as part of the NRDA process. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JAN 15 PY 2017 VL 114 IS 1 BP 327 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.046 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EI8PE UT WOS:000392768900048 PM 27677393 ER PT J AU Wooldridge, SA Heron, SF Brodie, JE Done, TJ Masiri, I Hinrichs, S AF Wooldridge, Scott A. Heron, Scott F. Brodie, Jon E. Done, Terence J. Masiri, Itsara Hinrichs, Saskia TI Excess seawater nutrients, enlarged algal symbiont densities and bleaching sensitive reef locations: 2. A regional-scale predictive model for the Great Barrier Reef, Australia SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Coral health; Coral bleaching resistance; Water quality; Marine protected area (MPA); Bayesian Belief Network (BBN); Resilience; Coral calcification; Coral cores ID WATER-QUALITY; CORAL-REEFS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; MONTASTRAEA-ANNULARIS; SKELETAL EXTENSION; HERMATYPIC CORALS; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; ENRICHMENT; NITROGEN AB A spatial risk assessment model is developed for the Great Barrier Reef (GBR, Australia) that helps identify reef locations at higher or lower risk of coral bleaching in summer heat-wave conditions. The model confirms the considerable benefit of discriminating nutrient-enriched areas that contain corals with enlarged (suboptimal) symbiont densities for the purpose of identifying bleaching-sensitive reef locations. The benefit of the new system level understanding is showcased in terms of: (i) improving early-warning forecasts of summer bleaching risk, (ii) explaining historical bleaching patterns, (iii) testing the bleaching-resistant quality of the current marine protected area (MPA) network (iv) identifying routinely monitored coral health attributes, such as the tissue energy reserves and skeletal growth characteristics (viz. density and extension rates) that correlate with bleaching resistant reef locations, and (v) targeting region-specific water quality improvement strategies that may increase reef-scale coral health and bleaching resistance. Crown Copyright (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wooldridge, Scott A.] Catchment Reef Management Solut, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.] NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA Coral Reef Watch, 5830 Univ Res Ct,E-RA3, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Marine Geophys Lab, Townsville, Qld 4814, Australia. [Brodie, Jon E.] James Cook Univ, Ctr Trop Water & Aquat Ecosyst Res, Townsville, Qld 4814, Australia. [Brodie, Jon E.] James Cook Univ, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Australian Res Council, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Done, Terence J.] Australian Inst Marine Sci, PMB 3 Townsville MC, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Masiri, Itsara] Silpakom Univ, Bangkok, Thailand. [Hinrichs, Saskia] Univ Western Australia, Oceans Inst, Perth, WA 2121, Australia. RP Wooldridge, SA (reprint author), Catchment Reef Management Solut, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia. EM swooldri23@gmail.com RI Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011 NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 21 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JAN 15 PY 2017 VL 114 IS 1 BP 343 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.045 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EI8PE UT WOS:000392768900049 PM 27692486 ER PT J AU Brand, AS Roesler, JR AF Brand, Alexander S. Roesler, Jeffery R. TI Bonding in cementitious materials with asphalt-coated particles: Part I - The interfacial transition zone SO CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Reclaimed asphalt pavement; Concrete; Interfacial transition zone; Backscattered electron microscopy; Image analysis; Calcium hydroxide ID MILLED BITUMINOUS CONCRETE; PORTLAND-CEMENT; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CALCIUM HYDROXIDE; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AGGREGATE; PASTE; PAVEMENT; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), when used as a coarse aggregate, has been shown to reduce bulk concrete strength and modulus. Part I of this study quantifies and compares the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) for mortar with RAP aggregates relative to dolomite aggregates through image analysis of backscattered electron micrographs. The ITZ with RAP aggregates was larger and more porous with less calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and calcium hydroxide (CH) at the asphalt interface compared with dolomite aggregates. The CH morphology was not significantly affected, although the presence of the asphalt layer may be affecting the CH growth. The addition of silica fume reduced the porosity and size of CH particles in the ITZ with RAP, but not sufficiently to be similar to the ITZ of the dolomite mortar. The microstructural changes caused by RAP aggregates, primarily the larger, more porous ITZ, provide strong evidence for the observed reduction in concrete strength and modulus. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brand, Alexander S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 205 N Mathews Ave,B233 NCEL, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Roesler, Jeffery R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 205 N Mathews Ave,1211 NCEL, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Brand, AS (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM abrand2@illinois.edu; jroesler@illinois.edu NR 95 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0618 EI 1879-0526 J9 CONSTR BUILD MATER JI Constr. Build. Mater. PD JAN 15 PY 2017 VL 130 BP 171 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.10.019 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA ED9BK UT WOS:000389164900016 ER PT J AU Brand, AS Roesler, JR AF Brand, Alexander S. Roesler, Jeffery R. TI Bonding in cementitious materials with asphalt-coated particles: Part II - Cement-asphalt chemical interactions SO CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Reclaimed asphalt pavement; Concrete; Interfacial transition zone; Bond improvement; Interfacial bond test; Surface free energy ID SURFACE FREE-ENERGY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MODIFIED CONCRETE; TIRE RUBBER; AGGREGATE; PASTE; MIXTURES; SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE; COMPOSITES AB Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), when used as an aggregate in concrete, will reduce bulk concrete strength and modulus. While Part I of this study investigated the properties of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ), Part II focuses on the nature of the cement-asphalt bond. Several chemical oxidative treatments of the asphalt were found to improve the interfacial cement-asphalt bond energy without affecting the ITZ porosity and size. Based on surface free energy measurements, the failure mode was estimated to occur preferentially as asphalt cohesion rather than cement-asphalt adhesion or ITZ cohesion. Based on the findings from Parts I and II, RAP aggregates reduce concrete strength and modulus because of: (1) the higher porosity in the ITZ, which produces a lower bulk modulus and allows for easier crack initiation, and (2) the preferential asphalt cohesion failure, which occurs rather than adhesive failure of the cement-asphalt interface or cohesive failure of the ITZ. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brand, Alexander S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 205 N Mathews Ave,B233 NCEL, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Roesler, Jeffery R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 205 N Mathews Ave,1211 NCEL, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Brand, AS (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM abrand2@illinois.edu; jroesler@illinois.edu NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0618 EI 1879-0526 J9 CONSTR BUILD MATER JI Constr. Build. Mater. PD JAN 15 PY 2017 VL 130 BP 182 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.10.013 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA ED9BK UT WOS:000389164900017 ER PT J AU Waissi, GC Bold, S Pakarinen, K Akkanen, J Leppanen, MT Petersen, EJ Kukkonen, JVK AF Waissi, G. C. Bold, S. Pakarinen, K. Akkanen, J. Leppanen, M. T. Petersen, E. J. Kukkonen, J. V. K. TI Chironomus riparius exposure to fullerene-contaminated sediment results in oxidative stress and may impact life cycle parameters SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Carbon nanoparticle; Ecotoxicology; Chironomidae ID CARBON NANOTUBES; LUMBRICULUS VARIEGATUS; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; GENE-EXPRESSION; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; CELL-DEATH; C-60; BIOACCUMULATION; TOXICITY AB A key component of understanding the potential environmental risks of fullerenes (C-60) is their potential effects on benthic invertebrates. Using the sediment dwelling invertebrate Chironomus riparius we explored the effects of acute (12h and 24h) and chronic (10d, 15d, and 28d) exposures of sediment associated fullerenes. The aims of this study were to assess the impact of exposure to C-60 in the sediment top layer ((0.025, 0.18 and 0.48) C-60 mg/cm(2)) on larval growth, oxidative stress and emergence rates and to quantify larval body burdens in similarly exposed organisms. Oxidative stress localization was observed in the tissues next to the microvilli and exoskeleton through a method for identifying oxidative stress reactions generated by reactive oxygen species. Rapid intake of fullerenes was shown in acute experiments, whereas body residues decreased after chronic exposure. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed oxidative damage and structural changes in cells located between the lipid droplets and next to the microvilli layer in fullerene exposed samples. Fullerene associated sediments also caused changes in the emergence rate of males and females, suggesting that the cellular interactions described above or other effects from the fullerenes may influence reproduction rates. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Waissi, G. C.; Pakarinen, K.; Akkanen, J.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, Joensuu, Finland. [Bold, S.] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Kiel, Germany. [Leppanen, M. T.] Finnish Environm Inst, Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Petersen, E. J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kukkonen, J. V. K.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Jyvaskyla, Finland. RP Waissi, GC (reprint author), Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, Joensuu, Finland. EM greta.waissi@uef.fi FU Finnish Graduate School in Environmental Science, Technology (EnSTe); Academy of Finland [214545]; Olvi Foundation FX This research was funded by the Finnish Graduate School in Environmental Science, Technology (EnSTe) and by Academy of Finland project214545 and Olvi Foundation. We thank Marja Noponen and Anna-Liisa Karttunen for preparing the TEM samples, Jar] Leskinen and Arto Koistinen from BioMater Center for technical help with TEM imaging, and Youlia Yourchenko for her assistance in the laboratory experiment. Certain commercial equipment, instruments and materials are identified in order to specify experimental procedures as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that any of the materials, instruments or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 35 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 EI 1873-3336 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD JAN 15 PY 2017 VL 322 SI SI BP 301 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.04.015 PN A PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EC3XU UT WOS:000388061200029 PM 27178647 ER PT J AU Heyl, CM Arnold, CL Couairon, A L'Huillier, A AF Heyl, C. M. Arnold, C. L. Couairon, A. L'Huillier, A. TI Introduction to macroscopic power scaling principles for high-order harmonic generation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE high-order harmonic generation; phase matching; attosecond science; scale-invariance; nonlinear optics ID HIGH-REPETITION-RATE; CHIRPED-PULSE AMPLIFICATION; HIGH-AVERAGE-POWER; OPTICAL PARAMETRIC AMPLIFICATION; FREQUENCY COMB SPECTROSCOPY; ABOVE-THRESHOLD IONIZATION; ISOLATED ATTOSECOND PULSES; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SOURCE; PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER; CYCLE LASER-PULSES AB This tutorial presents an introduction to power scaling concepts for high-order harmonic generation (HHG) and attosecond pulse production. We present an overview of state-of-the-art HHG-based extreme ultraviolet (XUV) sources, followed by a brief introduction to basic principles underlying HHG and a detailed discussion of macroscopic effects and scaling principles. Particular emphasis is put on a general scaling model that allows the invariant scaling of the HHG process both, to mu J-level driving laser pulses and thus to multi-MHz repetition rates as well as to 100 mJ-or even Joule-level laser pulses, allowing new intensity regimes with attosecond XUV pulses. C1 [Heyl, C. M.; Arnold, C. L.; L'Huillier, A.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys, POB 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Heyl, C. M.] NIST, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Heyl, C. M.] Univ Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Couairon, A.] Ecole Polytech, Ctr Phys Theor, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Heyl, CM (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Phys, POB 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.; Heyl, CM (reprint author), NIST, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Heyl, CM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM christoph.heyl@fysik.lth.se FU Swedish Research Council; European Research Council (PALP); Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation FX This research was supported by the Swedish Research Council, the European Research Council (PALP) and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. The authors would also like to thank Katalin Kovacs, Valer Tosa, Emeric Balogh and Katalin Varju for discussions and numerical simulations of HHG and filamentation scaling as well as Piotr Rudawski, Bastian Manschwetus, Sylvain Maclot and Per Johnsson for their input regarding HHG scaling. NR 172 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 128 U2 128 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JAN 14 PY 2017 VL 50 IS 1 AR 013001 DI 10.1088/1361-6455/50/1/013001 PG 21 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA EH0YP UT WOS:000391490700001 ER PT J AU Lee, KF Kowzan, G Lee, CC Mohr, C Jiang, J Schunemann, PG Schibli, TR Maslowski, P Fermann, ME AF Lee, Kevin F. Kowzan, Grzegorz Lee, C-C Mohr, C. Jiang, Jie Schunemann, Peter G. Schibli, T. R. Maslowski, Piotr Fermann, M. E. TI Frequency combs for cavity cascades: OPO combs and graphene-coupled cavities SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE frequency comb; optical parametric oscillator; cavity-enhanced spectroscopy ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; TM-FIBER LASER; SPECTROSCOPY; STABILIZATION; BANDWIDTH; MIRROR AB Frequency combs can be used directly, for example as a highly precise spectroscopic light source. They can also be used indirectly, as a bridge between devices whose high precision requirements would normally make them incompatible. Here, we demonstrate two ways that a frequency comb enables new technologies by matching optical cavities. One cavity is the laser oscillator. A second cavity is a low-threshold doubly-resonant optical parametric oscillator (OPO). Extending optical referencing to the doubly-resonant OPO turns the otherwise unstable device into an extremely precise midinfrared frequency comb. Another cavity is an optical enhancement cavity for amplifying spectral absorption in a gas. With the high speed of a graphene-modulated frequency comb, we can couple a frequency comb directly into a high-finesse cavity for trace gas detection. C1 [Lee, Kevin F.; Kowzan, Grzegorz; Mohr, C.; Jiang, Jie; Fermann, M. E.] IMRA Amer Inc, 1044 Woodridge Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Kowzan, Grzegorz; Maslowski, Piotr] Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Inst Phys, Ul Grudziadzka 5-7, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Lee, C-C; Schibli, T. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 2000 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schunemann, Peter G.] BAE Syst, POB 868, Nashua, NH 03063 USA. [Schibli, T. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schibli, T. R.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schibli, T. R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lee, KF (reprint author), IMRA Amer Inc, 1044 Woodridge Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM klee@imra.com RI Kowzan, Grzegorz/A-5007-2015 OI Kowzan, Grzegorz/0000-0002-8196-9897 FU Polish National Science Centre [DEC-2012/05/D/ST2/01914] FX PM is supported by the Polish National Science Centre (Project No. DEC-2012/05/D/ST2/01914). NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JAN 14 PY 2017 VL 50 IS 1 AR 014003 DI 10.1088/1361-6455/50/1/014003 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA EF5HM UT WOS:000390361300003 ER PT J AU Fuchs, H Tan, ZF Lu, KD Bohn, B Broch, S Brown, SS Dong, HB Gomm, S Haseler, R He, LY Hofzumahaus, A Holland, F Li, X Liu, Y Lu, SH Min, KE Rohrer, F Shao, M Wang, BL Wang, M Wu, YS Zeng, LM Zhang, YS Wahner, A Zhang, YH AF Fuchs, Hendrik Tan, Zhaofeng Lu, Keding Bohn, Birger Broch, Sebastian Brown, Steven S. Dong, Huabin Gomm, Sebastian Haeseler, Rolf He, Lingyan Hofzumahaus, Andreas Holland, Frank Li, Xin Liu, Ying Lu, Sihua Min, Kyung-Eun Rohrer, Franz Shao, Min Wang, Baolin Wang, Ming Wu, Yusheng Zeng, Limin Zhang, Yinson Wahner, Andreas Zhang, Yuanhang TI OH reactivity at a rural site (Wangdu) in the North China Plain: contributions from OH reactants and experimental OH budget SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; PEARL RIVER DELTA; SUMMER 2006; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; PHOTOCHEMICAL DATA; HO2 CONCENTRATIONS; METROPOLITAN-AREA; FIELD CAMPAIGN; RADICAL BUDGET AB In 2014, a large, comprehensive field campaign was conducted in the densely populated North China Plain. The measurement site was located in a botanic garden close to the small town Wangdu, without major industry but influenced by regional transportation of air pollution. The loss rate coefficient of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals (OH) was quantified by direct measurements of the OH reactivity. Values ranged between 10 and 20 s(-1) for most of the daytime. Highest values were reached in the late night with maximum values of around 40 s(-1). OH reactants mainly originated from anthropogenic activities as indicated (1) by a good correlation between measured OH reactivity and carbon monoxide (linear correlation coefficient R-2 = 0 : 33) and (2) by a high contribution of nitrogen oxide species to the OH reactivity (up to 30% in the morning). Total OH reactivity was measured by a laser flash photolysis-laser-induced fluorescence instrument (LP-LIF). Measured values can be explained well by measured trace gas concentrations including organic compounds, oxygenated organic compounds, CO and nitrogen oxides. Significant, unexplained OH reactivity was only observed during nights, when biomass burning of agricultural waste occurred on surrounding fields. OH reactivity measurements also allow investigating the chemical OH budget. During this campaign, the OH destruction rate calculated from measured OH reactivity and measured OH concentration was balanced by the sum of OH production from ozone and nitrous acid photolysis and OH regeneration from hydroperoxy radicals within the uncertainty of measurements. However, a tendency for higher OH destruction compared to OH production at lower concentrations of nitric oxide is also observed, consistent with previous findings in field campaigns in China. C1 [Fuchs, Hendrik; Bohn, Birger; Broch, Sebastian; Gomm, Sebastian; Haeseler, Rolf; Hofzumahaus, Andreas; Holland, Frank; Li, Xin; Rohrer, Franz; Wahner, Andreas] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res, IEK Troposphere 8, Julich, Germany. [Tan, Zhaofeng; Lu, Keding; Dong, Huabin; Liu, Ying; Lu, Sihua; Shao, Min; Wang, Baolin; Wu, Yusheng; Zeng, Limin; Zhang, Yinson; Zhang, Yuanhang] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Brown, Steven S.; Min, Kyung-Eun] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [He, Lingyan] Peking Univ, Shenzhen Grad Sch, Sch Environm & Energy, Key Lab Urban Habitat Environm Sci & Technol, Shenzhen, Peoples R China. [Min, Kyung-Eun] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wang, Ming] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yuanhang] Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Ctr Excellence Reg Atmospher Environm, Xiamen, Peoples R China. [Gomm, Sebastian] D Fine GmbH, Opernpl 2, D-60313 Frankfurt, Germany. [Li, Xin] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Min, Kyung-Eun] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Gwangju, South Korea. RP Fuchs, H (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res, IEK Troposphere 8, Julich, Germany.; Zhang, YH (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China.; Zhang, YH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Ctr Excellence Reg Atmospher Environm, Xiamen, Peoples R China. EM h.fuchs@fz-juelich.de; yhzhang@pku.edu.cn RI Hofzumahaus, Andreas/I-9420-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Li, Xin/F-9498-2011 OI Hofzumahaus, Andreas/0000-0003-2876-0880; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21190052, 41121004]; Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB05010500]; Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality; EU-project AMIS [PIRSES-GA-2011-295132] FX We thank the science teams of the Wangdu-2014 campaign. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Major Program: 21190052 and Innovative Research Group: 41121004), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant no. XDB05010500), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality and the EU-project AMIS (Fate and Impact of Atmospheric Pollutants, PIRSES-GA-2011-295132). The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and READY website (http://www.ready.noaa.gov) used in this publication. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 13 PY 2017 VL 17 IS 1 BP 645 EP 661 DI 10.5194/acp-17-645-2017 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EK4JK UT WOS:000393892700002 ER PT J AU Smedsrud, LH Halvorsen, MH Stroeve, JC Zhang, R Kloster, K AF Smedsrud, Lars H. Halvorsen, Mari H. Stroeve, Julienne C. Zhang, Rong Kloster, Kjell TI Fram Strait sea ice export variability and September Arctic sea ice extent over the last 80 years SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID THICKNESS; OCEAN; DECLINE; MELT; CIRCULATION; GREENLAND; TRENDS; VOLUME; WINDS AB A new long-term data record of Fram Strait sea ice area export from 1935 to 2014 is developed using a combination of satellite radar images and station observations of surface pressure across Fram Strait. This data record shows that the long-term annual mean export is about 880 000 km(2), representing 10% of the sea-ice-covered area inside the basin. The time series has large interannual and multi-decadal variability but no long-term trend. However, during the last decades, the amount of ice exported has increased, with several years having annual ice exports that exceeded 1 million km(2). This increase is a result of faster southward ice drift speeds due to stronger southward geostrophic winds, largely explained by increasing surface pressure over Greenland. Evaluating the trend onwards from 1979 reveals an increase in annual ice export of about +6% per decade, with spring and summer showing larger changes in ice export (+11% per decade) compared to autumn and winter (+2.6% per decade). Increased ice export during winter will generally result in new ice growth and contributes to thinning inside the Arctic Basin. Increased ice export during summer or spring will, in contrast, contribute directly to open water further north and a reduced summer sea ice extent through the ice-albedo feedback. Relatively low spring and summer export from 1950 to 1970 is thus consistent with a higher mid-September sea ice extent for these years. Our results are not sensitive to long-term change in Fram Strait sea ice concentration. We find a general moderate influence between export anomalies and the following September sea ice extent, explaining 18% of the variance between 1935 and 2014, but with higher values since 2004. C1 [Smedsrud, Lars H.; Halvorsen, Mari H.] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. [Smedsrud, Lars H.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [Smedsrud, Lars H.] Univ Ctr Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Svalbard. [Stroeve, Julienne C.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stroeve, Julienne C.] UCL, Ctr Polar Observat & Modelling, London, England. [Zhang, Rong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Kloster, Kjell] Nansen Environm & Remote Sensing Ctr, Bergen, Norway. RP Smedsrud, LH (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway.; Smedsrud, LH (reprint author), Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway.; Smedsrud, LH (reprint author), Univ Ctr Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Svalbard. EM lars.smedsrud@uib.no FU Geophysical Institute at the University of Bergen; BASIC project in the Centre for Climate Dynamics (SKD) from the European Community [610055]; ice2ice project from the European Community [610055]; NASA [NNX11AF44G] FX Sea ice drift data were obtained from Kloster and Sandven (2015), where ScanSAR data were provided by Norwegian Space Centre and Kongsberg Satellite Service under the Norwegian-Canadian Radarsat agreements 2012-2014. Observed pressure data are from the Norwegian and Danish meteorological institutes. The observed Arctic dipole index is derived from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. Mari H. Halvorsen was supported by the Geophysical Institute at the University of Bergen, Lars H. Smedsrud by the BASIC project in the Centre for Climate Dynamics (SKD) and the ice2ice project (ERC grant 610055) from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013), and Julienne C. Stroeve by NASA Award NNX11AF44G. We would like to thank Tor Gammelsrod, our editor Jennifer Hutchings, and the anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PD JAN 13 PY 2017 VL 11 IS 1 BP 65 EP 79 DI 10.5194/tc-11-65-2017 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA EK4LA UT WOS:000393897000001 ER PT J AU Hinke, JT Cossio, AM Goebel, ME Reiss, CS Trivelpiece, WZ Watters, GM AF Hinke, Jefferson T. Cossio, Anthony M. Goebel, Michael E. Reiss, Christian S. Trivelpiece, Wayne Z. Watters, George M. TI Identifying Risk: Concurrent Overlap of the Antarctic Krill Fishery with Krill-Dependent Predators in the Scotia Sea SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS; SCALE MANAGEMENT UNITS; CHINSTRAP PENGUINS; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; FUR SEALS; ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA; PYGOSCELID PENGUINS; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; DIVING BEHAVIOR; ARGOS LOCATIONS AB Mitigating direct and indirect interactions between marine predators and fisheries is a motivating factor for ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM), especially where predators and fisheries compete for a shared resource. One difficulty in advancing EBFM is parameterizing clear functional responses of predators to indices of prey availability. Alternative characterizations of fishery-predator interactions may therefore benefit the implementation of EBFM. Telemetry data identify foraging areas used by predators and, therefore, represent critical information to mitigate potential competition between predators and fisheries. We analyzed six years (2009-2014) of telemetry data collected at Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island and Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica, on three species of Pygoscelid penguins and female Antarctic fur seals. In this region, all four species are primarily dependent on Antarctic krill. The tracking data demonstrate local movements near breeding colonies during the austral summer and dispersal from breeding colonies during the winter. We then assessed overlap between predators and the Antarctic krill fishery on a suite of spatiotemporal scales to examine how different data aggregations affect the extent and location of overlap. Concurrent overlap was observed on all spatiotemporal scales considered throughout the Antarctic Peninsula and South Orkney Islands region, including near tagging locations and in distant areas where recent fishing activity has concentrated. Overlap occurred at depths where mean krill densities were relatively high. Our results demonstrate that direct overlap of krill-dependent predators with the krill fishery on small spatiotemporal scales is relatively common throughout the Antarctic Peninsula region. As the krill fishery continues to develop and efforts to implement ecosystem-based management mature, indices of overlap may provide a useful metric for indicating where the risks of fishing are highest. A precautionary approach to allocating krill catches in space would be to avoid large increases in catch where overlap on small spatiotemporal scales is common. C1 [Hinke, Jefferson T.; Cossio, Anthony M.; Goebel, Michael E.; Reiss, Christian S.; Trivelpiece, Wayne Z.; Watters, George M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Hinke, JT (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. EM Jefferson.Hinke@noaa.gov NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 13 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 1 AR e0170132 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0170132 PG 24 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EH7SJ UT WOS:000391972600066 PM 28085943 ER PT J AU Clark, JB Lecocq, F Simmonds, RW Aumentado, J Teufel, JD AF Clark, Jeremy B. Lecocq, Florent Simmonds, Raymond W. Aumentado, Jose Teufel, John D. TI Sideband cooling beyond the quantum backaction limit with squeezed light SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL OSCILLATOR; GROUND-STATE; CAVITY OPTOMECHANICS; RADIATION PRESSURE; NOISE REDUCTION; VACUUM; RESONATOR; ATOMS AB Quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic vacuum produce measurable physical effects such as Casimir forces and the Lamb shift(1). They also impose an observable limit-known as the quantum backaction limit-on the lowest temperatures that can be reached using conventional laser cooling techniques(2,3). As laser cooling experiments continue to bring massive mechanical systems to unprecedentedly low temperatures(4,5), this seemingly fundamental limit is increasingly important in the laboratory(6). Fortunately, vacuum fluctuations are not immutable and can be 'squeezed', reducing amplitude fluctuations at the expense of phase fluctuations. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate that squeezed light can be used to cool the motion of a macroscopic mechanical object below the quantum backaction limit. We first cool a microwave cavity optomechanical system using a coherent state of light to within 15 per cent of this limit. We then cool the system to more than two decibels below the quantum backaction limit using a squeezed microwave field generated by a Josephson parametric amplifier. From heterodyne spectroscopy of the mechanical sidebands, we measure a minimum thermal occupancy of 0.19 +/- 0.01 phonons. With our technique, even low-frequency mechanical oscillators can in principle be cooled arbitrarily close to the motional ground state, enabling the exploration of quantum physics in larger, more massive systems. C1 [Clark, Jeremy B.; Lecocq, Florent; Simmonds, Raymond W.; Aumentado, Jose; Teufel, John D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Teufel, JD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM john.teufel@nist.gov FU NIST; DARPA QuASAR program; NIST National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program FX This work was financially supported by NIST and the DARPA QuASAR program. J.B.C. acknowledges the NIST National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program for its financial support. Contribution of the US government, not subject to copyright. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 12 PY 2017 VL 541 IS 7636 BP 191 EP + DI 10.1038/nature20604 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EN6PI UT WOS:000396125500035 PM 28079081 ER PT J AU Vernazzani, BG Jackson, JA Cabrera, E Carlson, CA Brownell, RL AF Vernazzani, Barbara Galletti Jackson, Jennifer A. Cabrera, Elsa Carlson, Carole A. Brownell, Robert L., Jr. TI Estimates of Abundance and Trend of Chilean Blue Whales off Isla de Chiloe, Chile SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; BALAENOPTERA-MUSCULUS LINNAEUS; HUMPBACK WHALES; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; PHOTOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; SIGHTINGS; MOVEMENTS AB Since 1970, blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) have been seen feeding in the waters off southern Chile during the summer and autumn (December to May). Investigation of the genetic, acoustic and morphological characteristics of these blue whales shows that they are a distinct but unnamed subspecies, called the Chilean blue whales. Photo-identification surveys have been conducted in the waters off northwestern Isla Grande de Chiloe, southern Chile from 2004-2012 and Isla Chanaral, central Chile in 2012. Over this time, 1,070 blue whales were encountered yielding, after photo-quality control, 318 and 267 unique photographs of the left and right side of the flank respectively. Using mark-recapture analysis of left and right side photographs collected from Isla Grande de Chiloe (2004-2012), open population models estimate that similar to 570-760 whales are feeding seasonally in this region. POPAN superpopulation abundance estimates for the same feeding ground in 2012 are 762 (95% confidence intervals, CI = 638-933) and 570 (95% CI 475-705) for left and right side datasets respectively, very similar to results from closed population models. Estimates of trend revealed strong variation in abundance, peaking in 2009 and [suggesting] fluctuating use in the survey area over time, likely related to the density of their prey. High inter-annual return rates suggest a degree of site-fidelity of individuals to Isla Grande de Chiloe and that the number of whales using this feeding ground is relatively small. C1 [Vernazzani, Barbara Galletti; Cabrera, Elsa] Ctr Conservac Cetacea, Casilla 19178 Correo 19, Santiago, Chile. [Jackson, Jennifer A.] British Antarctic Survey, Madingley Rd, Cambridge, England. [Carlson, Carole A.] Coll Atlantic, Bar Harbor, ME USA. [Brownell, Robert L., Jr.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Monterey, CA USA. RP Jackson, JA (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, Madingley Rd, Cambridge, England. EM jennifer.jackson@bas.ac.uk FU Directorate General of the Maritime Territory and Merchant Marine (DIRECTEMAR) from the Chilean Navy; Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Global Greengrants Fund; Rufford Foundation; Mohamed Bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund; Pacific Whale Foundation; British Antarctic Survey Polar Science for Planet Earth Programme - Natural Environment Research Council FX The Directorate General of the Maritime Territory and Merchant Marine (DIRECTEMAR) from the Chilean Navy and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs have provided Official Support to the Alfaguara (Chilean blue whale) Project. Additionally the Alfaguara project has been supported by the Global Greengrants Fund, Rufford Foundation, Mohamed Bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund and Pacific Whale Foundation. This study has been supported by the British Antarctic Survey Polar Science for Planet Earth Programme, funded by the Natural Environment Research Council. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 12 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 1 AR e0168646 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0168646 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EH7JQ UT WOS:000391949500015 ER PT J AU Stillwell, RL Liu, IL Harrison, N Jaime, M Jeffries, JR Butch, NP AF Stillwell, R. L. Liu, I-L. Harrison, N. Jaime, M. Jeffries, J. R. Butch, N. P. TI Tricritical point of the f-electron antiferromagnet USb2 driven by high magnetic fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CYLINDRICAL FERMI SURFACES; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; URANIUM-COMPOUNDS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ANISOTROPY; UBI2; TEMPERATURE; PNICTIDES; DIAGRAM AB In pulsed magnetic fields up to 65 T and at temperatures below the Neel transition, our magnetization and magnetostriction measurements reveal a field-induced metamagneticlike transition that is suggestive of an antiferromagnetic to ferrimagnetic ordering. Our data also suggest a change in the nature of this metamagneticlike transition from second-to first-order-like near a tricritical point at T-tc similar to 145K and H-c similar to 52 T. At high fields for H > H-c we found a decreased magnetic moment roughly half of the moment determined by neutron powder diffraction. We propose that the decreased moment and lack of saturation at high fields indicate the presence of a field-induced ferrimagnetic state above the tricritical point of the H-T phase diagram for USb2. C1 [Stillwell, R. L.; Jeffries, J. R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Liu, I-L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, I-L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, I-L.; Butch, N. P.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, I-L.; Butch, N. P.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Harrison, N.; Jaime, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, High Field Magnet Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Harrison, N.; Jaime, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stillwell, RL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1157490]; State of Florida; U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. office of Science project "Science at 100 T" FX The authors would like to thank Gerry Lander for fruitful discussions. This work was performed under LDRD (Tracking Code 14-ERD-041) and under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. Aportion of this work was performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, which is supported by National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-1157490, the State of Florida, the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. office of Science project "Science at 100 T". NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 12 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 1 AR 014414 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.95.014414 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA EH5YZ UT WOS:000391850500005 ER PT J AU Rand, RS Resmini, RG Allen, DW AF Rand, Robert S. Resmini, Ronald G. Allen, David W. TI Modeling linear and intimate mixtures of materials in hyperspectral imagery with single-scattering albedo and kernel approaches SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral; kernel methods; single-scattering albedo; Hapke theory; linear spectral mixing; nonlinear spectral mixing ID REFLECTANCE; ALGORITHM; ABUNDANCE; SPECTRA; ROCK; NMF AB Linear mixtures of materials in a scene often occur because the resolution of a sensor is relatively coarse, resulting in pixels containing patches of different materials within them. This phenomenon causes nonoverlapping areal mixing and can be modeled by a linear mixture model. More complex phenomena, such as the multiple scattering in mixtures of vegetation, soils, granular, and microscopic materials within pixels can result in intimate mixing with varying degrees of nonlinear behavior. In such cases, a linear model is not sufficient. This study considers two approaches for unmixing pixels in a scene that may contain linear or intimate (nonlinear) mixtures. The first method is based on earlier studies that indicate nonlinear mixtures in reflectance space are approximately linear in albedo space. The method converts reflectance to single-scattering albedo according to Hapke theory and uses a constrained linear model on the computed albedo values. The second method is motivated by the same idea, but uses a kernel that seeks to capture the linear behavior of albedo in nonlinear mixtures of materials. This study compares the two approaches and pays particular attention to these dependencies. Both laboratory and airborne collections of hyperspectral imagery are used to validate the methods. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Rand, Robert S.] Natl Geospatial Intelligence Agcy, 7500 GEOINT Dr, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. [Resmini, Ronald G.] Mitre Corp, 7525 Colshire Dr, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Allen, David W.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr Mail Stop 8442, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rand, RS (reprint author), Natl Geospatial Intelligence Agcy, 7500 GEOINT Dr, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. EM robert.s.rand@nga.mil FU MITRE Innovation Program (MIP) FX References are made to certain commercially available products in this paper to adequately specify the experimental procedures involved. Such identification does not imply a recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. government, nor does it imply that these products are the best for the purpose specified. Thanks are given to Dr. Charles Bachmann and the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory for providing the HyMap imagery, as well as associated aerial photographs and atmospheric calibration for experiment 2. Thanks are also given to Dr. Roger Clark and Eric Livo (USGS) for the data provided in experiment 3, including the laboratory and field measurements, as well as the AVIRIS imagery. The MITRE Innovation Program (MIP) is gratefully acknowledged for funding the HSI microscopy aspect of the project in which the study presented here was conducted. This article has been approved by NGA for public release, Case 16-132. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD JAN 11 PY 2017 VL 11 AR 016005 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.11.016005 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EP8SK UT WOS:000397644900001 ER PT J AU Jang, HJ Richter, CA AF Jang, Hyuk-Jae Richter, Curt A. TI Organic Spin-Valves and Beyond: Spin Injection and Transport in Organic Semiconductors and the Effect of Interfacial Engineering SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; ENERGY-LEVEL ALIGNMENT; MOLECULAR MONOLAYERS; FERROMAGNETIC METAL; CHARGE INJECTION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SPINTRONICS; ELECTRON; TRANSISTORS AB Since the first observation of the spin-valve effect through organic semiconductors, efforts to realize novel spintronic technologies based on organic semiconductors have been rapidly growing. However, a complete understanding of spin-polarized carrier injection and transport in organic semiconductors is still lacking and under debate. For example, there is still no clear understanding of major spin-flip mechanisms in organic semiconductors and the role of hybrid metal-organic interfaces in spin injection. Recent findings suggest that organic single crystals can provide spin-transport media with much less structural disorder relative to organic thin films, thus reducing momentum scattering. Additionally, modification of the band energetics, morphology, and even spin magnetic moment at the metal-organic interface by interface engineering can greatly impact the efficiency of spin-polarized carrier injection. Here, progress on efficient spin-polarized carrier injection into organic semiconductors from ferromagnetic metals by using various interface engineering techniques is presented, such as inserting a metallic interlayer, a molecular self-assembled monolayer (SAM), and a ballistic carrier emitter. In addition, efforts to realize long spin transport in single-crystalline organic semiconductors are discussed. The focus here is on understanding and maximizing spin-polarized carrier injection and transport in organic semiconductors and insight is provided for the realization of emerging organic spintronics technologies. C1 [Jang, Hyuk-Jae; Richter, Curt A.] NIST, Div Engn Phys, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jang, Hyuk-Jae] Theiss Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Jang, HJ; Richter, CA (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn Phys, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Jang, HJ (reprint author), Theiss Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM hjaejang@gmail.com; curt.richter@nist.gov FU U.S. department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB15H303] FX The authors acknowledge Dr. D. J. Gundlach, Dr. M. D. Stiles, and Dr. L. J. Richter for critical reviews and feedbacks, and Dr. S. J. Pookpanratana, Dr. J.-S. Lee, Dr. C. A. Hacker, Dr. K. P. Pernstich, and O. A. Kirillov for device fabrication, measurements, and data analysis. This work was performed in part under the financial assistance award 70NANB15H303 from the U.S. department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 111 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 19 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN 11 PY 2017 VL 29 IS 2 AR 1602739 DI 10.1002/adma.201602739 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EI8BK UT WOS:000392729200005 ER PT J AU Boston, R Schmidt, WL Lewin, GD Iyasara, AC Lu, Z Zhang, H Sinclair, DC Reaney, IM AF Boston, R. Schmidt, W. L. Lewin, G. D. Iyasara, A. C. Lu, Z. Zhang, H. Sinclair, D. C. Reaney, I. M. TI Protocols for the Fabrication, Characterization, and Optimization of n-Type Thermoelectric Ceramic Oxides SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID INTERNATIONAL ROUND-ROBIN; HIGH-T-C; THERMAL-DIFFUSIVITY; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; SUPERCONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; BULK THERMOELECTRICS; STRONTIUM-TITANATE; SRTIO3 CERAMICS AB The development of oxides with high figure of merit, ZT, at modest temperatures (similar to 300-500 degrees C) is desirable for ceramic-based thermoelectric generator technology. Although ZT is a compound metric with contributions from thermal conductivity (kappa), Seebeck coefficient (S), and electrical conductivity (sigma), it has been empirically demonstrated that the key to developing thermoelectric n-type oxides is to optimize a of the ceramic to similar to 1000 S/cm at the operating temperature. Titanate-based perovskites are a popular choice for the development of n-type oxide ceramics; however, the levels of a required cannot be achieved without control of the ceramic quality, significant reduction of the ceramic in low P(O-2) atmosphere (e.g., N-2/5%H-2), and the use of specific dopants and dopant mechanisms, which allow the egress of oxygen homogeneously from the lattice. Here, we discuss the processing protocols to fabricate reliable, reproducible ceramic oxides and schemes for inducing high levels of sigma, thereby optimizing the power factor (PF = sigma S-2) and ZT. The problems associated with measuring kappa, sigma, and S to achieve reproducible and accurate values of ZT are discussed, as are future directions which should enable further optimization. Finally, we comment on how these protocols may be applied to other systems and structures. C1 [Boston, R.; Schmidt, W. L.; Lewin, G. D.; Iyasara, A. C.; Lu, Z.; Zhang, H.; Sinclair, D. C.; Reaney, I. M.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Funct Mat & Devices Grp, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. [Zhang, H.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reaney, IM (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Funct Mat & Devices Grp, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. FU EPSRC of the Substitution and Sustainability of Functional Materials and Devices EPSRC grant [EP/L017563/1]; DTA studentship; TETFUND, Nigeria FX We acknowledge the EPSRC for financial support of the Substitution and Sustainability of Functional Materials and Devices EPSRC grant (EP/L017563/1) and a DTA studentship (G.D.L.). A.C.I. thanks TETFUND, Nigeria, for financial support. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 29 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JAN 10 PY 2017 VL 29 IS 1 BP 265 EP 280 DI 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b03600 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA EH6QF UT WOS:000391898300023 ER PT J AU Harriger, L Disseler, SM Gunasekera, J Rodriguez-Rivera, J Pixley, J Manfrinetti, P Dhar, SK Singh, DK AF Harriger, L. Disseler, S. M. Gunasekera, J. Rodriguez-Rivera, J. Pixley, J. Manfrinetti, P. Dhar, S. K. Singh, D. K. TI Gapped excitation in dense Kondo lattice CePtZn SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-FERMION METALS; QUANTUM CRITICALITY; FLUCTUATIONS AB We report on neutron scattering and muon spin relaxation measurements of dense Kondo lattice CePtZn. The system develops long-range incommensurate magnetic order as the temperature is reduced below T-N = 1.75 K. Interestingly, a Q-independent gap at E = 0.65 meV in the energy spectrum is found to co-exist with the long-range magnetic order. The gap persists to a very high temperature of T similar or equal to 100 K. The Q-independent characteristic and its persistence to high temperature hint that the gapped excitation may be manifesting the excited state of the ground-state doublet of the crystal-field energy levels. However, the observed broadness in the linewidth with distinct temperature and field dependencies makes it a nontrivial phenomenon. Qualitative analysis of the experimental data suggests the possible co-existence of a local critical behavior, which is onset near the critical field of H similar or equal to 3 T, with the crystal-field excitation in the dynamic properties. C1 [Harriger, L.; Disseler, S. M.; Rodriguez-Rivera, J.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gunasekera, J.; Singh, D. K.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Rodriguez-Rivera, J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pixley, J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Manfrinetti, P.] Univ Genoa, Dept Chem, I-16126 Genoa, Italy. [Dhar, S. K.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, DCMPMS, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. RP Harriger, L (reprint author), NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM leland.harriger@nist.gov; singhdk@missouri.edu FU Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0014461]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1508249]; Department of Commerce FX D.K.S. thankfully acknowledges the support by the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under the Grant No. DE-SC0014461. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-1508249 and the Department of Commerce. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 10 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 4 AR 04110200 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.95.041102 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA EH6AU UT WOS:000391855500001 ER PT J AU McKibben, SM Peterson, W Wood, M Trainer, VL Hunter, M White, AE AF McKibben, S. Morgaine Peterson, William Wood, Michelle Trainer, Vera L. Hunter, Matthew White, Angelicque E. TI Climatic regulation of the neurotoxin domoic acid SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE domoic acid; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; El Nino; Northern California Current; Pseudo-nitzschia ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA; ENSO TELECONNECTIONS; UPWELLING SYSTEMS; RAZOR CLAMS; EL-NINO; IMPACTS; ECOSYSTEM; PACIFIC AB Domoic acid is a potent neurotoxin produced by certain marine microalgae that can accumulate in the foodweb, posing a health threat to human seafood consumers and wildlife in coastal regions worldwide. Evidence of climatic regulation of domoic acid in shellfish over the past 20 y in the Northern California Current regime is shown. The timing of elevated domoic acid is strongly related to warm phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Oceanic Nino Index, an indicator of El Nino events. Ocean conditions in the northeast Pacific that are associated with warm phases of these indices, including changes in prevailing currents and advection of anomalously warm water masses onto the continental shelf, are hypothesized to contribute to increases in this toxin. We present an applied domoic acid risk assessment model for the US West Coast based on combined climatic and local variables. Evidence of regional-to basin-scale controls on domoic acid has not previously been presented. Our findings have implications in coastal zones worldwide that are affected by this toxin and are particularly relevant given the increased frequency of anomalously warm ocean conditions. C1 [McKibben, S. Morgaine; White, Angelicque E.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Peterson, William] Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Wood, Michelle] Univ Oregon, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Trainer, Vera L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hunter, Matthew] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Astoria, OR 97103 USA. RP McKibben, SM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mmckibben@coas.oregonstate.edu FU NOAA from the Monitoring and Event Response for Harmful Algal Blooms (MERHAB) program [NA07NOS4780195]; National Science Foundation [1459480-OCE] FX We thank Dr. Stephen Pierce for the upwelling data and Dan Ayres for providing the WA shellfish data. This study was supported by NOAA Grant NA07NOS4780195 (to A.E.W., W.P., A.M.W., and M.H.) from the Monitoring and Event Response for Harmful Algal Blooms (MERHAB) program. Additional support was provided by the National Science Foundation Grant 1459480-OCE (to A.E.W.). This is MERHAB Publication 190. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the Department of Commerce. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 34 U2 34 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 10 PY 2017 VL 114 IS 2 BP 239 EP 244 DI 10.1073/pnas.1606798114 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EH0FR UT WOS:000391439300032 PM 28069959 ER PT J AU Cherry, JE Knapp, C Trainor, S Ray, AJ Tedesche, M Walker, S AF Cherry, Jessica E. Knapp, Corrie Trainor, Sarah Ray, Andrea J. Tedesche, Molly Walker, Susan TI Planning for climate change impacts on hydropower in the Far North SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EARTH SYSTEM MODELS; ARCTIC SNOW COVER; WATER-RESOURCES; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; RIVER-BASIN; BOUNDARY ORGANIZATIONS; SOLID PRECIPITATION; LAND-SURFACE; ECMWF MODEL; TIEN-SHAN AB Unlike much of the contiguous United States, new hydropower development continues in the Far North, where climate models project precipitation will likely increase over the next century. Regional complexities in the Arctic and sub-Arctic, such as glacier recession and permafrost thaw, however, introduce uncertainties about the hydrologic responses to climate change that impact water resource management. This work reviews hydroclimate changes in the Far North and their impacts on hydropower; it provides a template for application of current techniques for prediction and estimating uncertainty, and it describes best practices for integrating science into management and decision-making. The growing number of studies on hydrologic impacts suggests that information resulting from climate change science has matured enough that it can and should be integrated into hydropower scoping, design, and management. Continuing to ignore the best available information in lieu of status quo planning is likely to prove costly to society in the long term. C1 [Cherry, Jessica E.; Tedesche, Molly] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Cherry, Jessica E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Northern Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Knapp, Corrie] Western State Colorado Univ, Dept Environm & Sustainabil, Gunnison, CO 81231 USA. [Trainor, Sarah] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Ctr Climate Assessment & Policy, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Ray, Andrea J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Walker, Susan] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Cherry, JE (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.; Cherry, JE (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Northern Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jessica.cherry@alaska.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA-NMFS) [HA-133F-12-SE-2460]; NOAA-NMFS; NOAA Climate Program Office through the Alaska Center for Climate Assessment and Policy at UAF [NA11OAR4310141]; Alaska EPSCoR NSF [OIA-1208927]; state of Alaska FX Cherry wishes to thank the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA-NMFS) for financial support of this effort (award no. HA-133F-12-SE-2460) and Lily Cohen at the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) for helping organize the references. Molly Tedesche, Corrie Knapp, and Sarah Trainor acknowledge financial support from NOAA-NMFS under that same award number. Sarah Trainor also acknowledges support from NOAA Climate Program Office grant NA11OAR4310141 through the Alaska Center for Climate Assessment and Policy at UAF, Alaska EPSCoR NSF award no. OIA-1208927, and the state of Alaska. Ray's participation in this effort was supported in-kind by the NOAA/ESRL Physical Sciences Division and Walker was supported in-kind by NOAA-NMFS. The authors wish to thank ACCAP and IARC for covering the cost of page charges. NR 174 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PD JAN 9 PY 2017 VL 21 IS 1 BP 133 EP 151 DI 10.5194/hess-21-133-2017 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA EK1JN UT WOS:000393681700002 ER PT J AU Dounas-Frazer, DR Lewandowski, HJ AF Dounas-Frazer, Dimitri R. Lewandowski, H. J. TI Electronics lab instructors' approaches to troubleshooting instruction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW PHYSICS EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ORIENTED WORKED EXAMPLES; INTRODUCTORY ELECTRICITY; INFORMATION PRESENTATION; CURRICULUM-DEVELOPMENT; TRANSFER PERFORMANCE; LEARNING-GOALS; CIRCUITS; CONCURRENT; DESIGN; GUIDE AB In this exploratory qualitative study, we describe instructors' self-reported practices for teaching and assessing students' ability to troubleshoot in electronics lab courses. We collected audio data from interviews with 20 electronics instructors from 18 institutions that varied by size, selectivity, and other factors. In addition to describing participants' instructional practices, we characterize their perceptions about the role of troubleshooting in electronics, the importance of the ability to troubleshoot more generally, and what it means for students to be competent troubleshooters. One major finding of this work is that, while almost all instructors in our study said that troubleshooting is an important learning outcome for students in electronics lab courses, only half of instructors said they directly assessed students' ability to troubleshoot. Based on our findings, we argue that there is a need for research-based instructional materials that attend to both cognitive and noncognitive aspects of troubleshooting proficiency. We also identify several areas for future investigation related to troubleshooting instruction in electronics lab courses. C1 [Dounas-Frazer, Dimitri R.; Lewandowski, H. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lewandowski, H. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lewandowski, H. J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dounas-Frazer, DR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM dimitri.dounasfrazer@colorado.edu FU NSF [DUE-1323101, PHY-1125844] FX The authors acknowledge the PER group at CU Boulder generally, and Bethany Wilcox in particular, for useful input on study design and interpretation of results. This material is based upon work supported by the NSF under Grants No. DUE-1323101 and No. PHY-1125844. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9896 J9 PHYS REV PHYS EDUC R JI Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. PD JAN 9 PY 2017 VL 13 IS 1 AR UNSP 010102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.113.010102 PG 17 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA EH7GW UT WOS:000391942100001 ER PT J AU Stone, RP Malecha, PW Masuda, MM AF Stone, Robert P. Malecha, Patrick W. Masuda, Michele M. TI A Five-Year, In Situ Growth Study on Shallow-Water Populations of the Gorgonian Octocoral Calcigorgia spiculifera in the Gulf of Alaska SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CORALLIUM-RUBRUM; DEEP-SEA; HABITAT; AGE; ASSOCIATIONS; RATES AB Gorgonian octocorals are the most abundant corals in Alaska where they provide important structural habitat for managed species of demersal fish and invertebrates. Fifty-nine gorgonian species have been reported from Alaska waters but little is known about their life history characteristics to help us gauge their ability to recover from seafloor disturbance. Colonies of the holaxonian Calcigorgia spiculifera were tagged beginning in 1999 at three sites in Chatham Strait, Southeast Alaska, using scuba and their growth measured annually for up to 5 years. Colonies were video recorded, and computer image analysis tools provided calibration of video images for measuring the length of several branches. Growth data indicate that C. spiculifera grows much slower (6.0 mm yr(-1)) than other gorgonians in Alaska for which there are data and that intraspecific growth is highly variable. We fit a Bayesian linear mixed-effects model that showed that average colony growth was significantly reduced with warmer temperature and presence of necrosis. The model further indicated that growth may slow among larger (older) colonies. Based on these results and previous studies, we propose that gorgonian growth rates are taxonomically constrained at the Suborder level and that holaxonians grow the slowest followed by scleraxonians and calcaxonians (2-3 times as fast). Findings of this study indicate that it would take approximately 60 years for C. spiculifera to grow to its maximum size and depending on the location and size of the parental standing stock, at least one and possibly 10 additional years for recruitment to occur. Our results further indicate that colonies that are injured, perhaps chronically in areas of frequent disturbance, grow at slower rates and if the current trend of ocean warming continues then we can expect these corals to grow more slowly, and the habitats they form will require more time to recover from disturbance. C1 [Stone, Robert P.; Malecha, Patrick W.; Masuda, Michele M.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Stone, RP (reprint author), NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM bob.stone@noaa.gov FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center of NOAA Fisheries FX We thank Ken Krieger, Linc Freese, Alex Wertheimer, Chuck O'Clair, Strydr Nutting, and Chris Lunsford for their assistance in the field, Jeff Regelin for performing the initial computer image analyses, Lou Barr for sharing his vast knowledge about the distribution of shallow water corals in Southeast Alaska, and Bruce Wing for help conceiving the original concept of this project. We thank Sandra Brooke (Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory) for examining the reproductive biology of the coral specimens. We thank the captains and crew of the NOAA ship John N. Cobb for their assistance and support. This project was funded by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center of NOAA Fisheries. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 9 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 1 AR e0169470 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0169470 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EH5WO UT WOS:000391843900037 PM 28068374 ER PT J AU Oh, DY Yang, KY Fredrick, C Ycas, G Diddams, SA Vahala, KJ AF Oh, Dong Yoon Yang, Ki Youl Fredrick, Connor Ycas, Gabriel Diddams, Scott A. Vahala, Kerry J. TI Coherent ultra-violet to near-infrared generation in silica ridge waveguides SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER; SUPERCONTINUUM GENERATION; CHERENKOV RADIATION; OPTICAL-FIBERS; FREQUENCY COMBS; CHIP; WAVELENGTH; INTERFEROMETRY; MICRORESONATOR; ULTRAVIOLET AB Short duration, intense pulses of light can experience dramatic spectral broadening when propagating through lengths of optical fibre. This continuum generation process is caused by a combination of nonlinear optical effects including the formation of dispersive waves. Optical analogues of Cherenkov radiation, these waves allow a pulse to radiate power into a distant spectral region. In this work, efficient and coherent dispersive wave generation of visible to ultraviolet light is demonstrated in silica waveguides on a silicon chip. Unlike fibre broadeners, the arrays provide a wide range of emission wavelength choices on a single, compact chip. This new capability is used to simplify offset frequency measurements of a mode-locked frequency comb. The arrays can also enable mode-locked lasers to attain unprecedented tunable spectral reach for spectroscopy, bioimaging, tomography and metrology. C1 [Oh, Dong Yoon; Yang, Ki Youl; Vahala, Kerry J.] CALTECH, TJ Watson Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Fredrick, Connor; Ycas, Gabriel; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Vahala, KJ (reprint author), CALTECH, TJ Watson Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM vahala@caltech.edu OI Yang, Ki Youl/0000-0002-0587-3201 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under PULSE program [W31P4Q-14-1-0001]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under QuASAR program [W911NF-14-1-0284]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [KJV.JPLNASA-1-JPL. 1459106]; Kavli Nanoscience Institute; Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, a National Science Foundation (NSF) Physics Frontiers Center [PHY-1125565]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, NIST; National Science Foundation [AST-1310875] FX We gratefully acknowledge the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under the PULSE (W31P4Q-14-1-0001) and QuASAR (W911NF-14-1-0284) programs, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (KJV.JPLNASA-1-JPL. 1459106), the Kavli Nanoscience Institute, and the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, a National Science Foundation (NSF) Physics Frontiers Center (PHY-1125565) with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, NIST and the National Science Foundation (AST-1310875). NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 20 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JAN 9 PY 2017 VL 8 AR 13922 DI 10.1038/ncomms13922 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EG9GO UT WOS:000391367100001 ER PT J AU Flower, H Rains, M Lewis, D Zhang, JZ Price, R AF Flower, Hilary Rains, Mark Lewis, David Zhang, Jia-Zhong Price, Rene TI Saltwater intrusion as potential driver of phosphorus release from limestone bedrock in a coastal aquifer SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Phosphate; Mixing zone; Groundwater; Desorption; Carbonate; Everglades ID SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOUTH FLORIDA; SORPTION CHARACTERISTICS; COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION; SUBTERRANEAN ESTUARY; PHOSPHATE SORPTION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; BORNE NUTRIENTS AB An important but often overlooked consequence of saltwater intrusion is the potential increase of groundwater soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations. The phosphorus sorption dynamics of two limestone rocks of different composition were investigated by simulating seawater intrusion over a wide range of mixing ratios between freshwater and saltwater. Both rocks exhibited a logarithmic loss of sorption efficiency in mixtures containing more than approximately 3 mM Cl- concentration (100 mg Cl-/L; about <1% saltwater). We infer that aquifer solids immersed in freshwater would undergo phosphorus desorption in response to the introduction of this minor amount of seawater. This Cl- concentration is within the range designated as fresh water. Thus we conclude that increased soluble reactive phosphorus availability from saltwater-induced desorption may occur at the ion exchange front, which is actually landward of the saltwater intrusion front as it is commonly defined. Sorption efficiency in our experiments continued to decline as salinity increased, until Cl- concentration reached a second threshold of 50 or 200 mM (1700 or 7700 mg Cl-/L), depending on the rock composition, particularly iron content. Further increase in salinity would produce little increase in groundwater soluble reactive phosphorus concentration. Our results have implications for soluble reactive phosphorus availability in estuaries that receive mixing zone groundwater discharge. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Flower, Hilary; Rains, Mark] Univ S Florida, Sch Geosci, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Lewis, David] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, 4202 E Fowler Ave,SCA 110, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Zhang, Jia-Zhong] NOAA, Ocean Chem & Ecosyst Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Price, Rene] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Price, Rene] Florida Int Univ, Southeast Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Flower, H (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Sch Geosci, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM hflower@mail.usf.edu; mrains@usf.edu; davidlewis@usf.edu; jia-zhong.zhang@noaa.gov; pricer@fiu.edu RI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008; OI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556; Flower, Hilary/0000-0002-1499-8321 FU National Science Foundation through the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research program [DEB-1237517, DBI-0620409, DEB-9910514]; Centers for Research Excellence in Science and Technology (CREST) Program [HRD-1547798]; Southeast Environmental Research Center (SERC) at FIU FX Thanks to Dr. Kevin Cunningham of USGS for providing access to the rock cores and valuable discussions, Rafael Travieso and Edward Linden of Florida International University for field and laboratory support, and Charles Fischer of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory for assistance in sample analysis. Dr. Eloy Martinez generously provided laboratory equipment Editorial comments from Dr. Kai Rains and two anonymous reviewers substantially improved the manuscript. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation through the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research program under Cooperative Agreements #DEB-1237517, #DBI-0620409, and #DEB-9910514 and the Centers for Research Excellence in Science and Technology (CREST) Program under Grant No. HRD-1547798 awarded to FIU. Additional support was provided by the Southeast Environmental Research Center (SERC) at FIU. This is contribution number 814 from the Southeast Environmental Research Center at Florida International University. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JAN 5 PY 2017 VL 184 BP 166 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2016.11.013 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EI8SO UT WOS:000392778300017 ER PT J AU Jiang, ZP Heinrich, F McGlinchey, RP Gruschus, JM Lee, JC AF Jiang, Zhiping Heinrich, Frank McGlinchey, Ryan P. Gruschus, James M. Lee, Jennifer C. TI Segmental Deuteration of alpha-Synuclein for Neutron Reflectometry on Tethered Bilayers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARKINSONS-DISEASE; LIPID MEMBRANES; IN-VITRO; BINDING; FLUORESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; REFLECTIVITY; AGGREGATION; BIOPHYSICS; SCATTERING AB Neutron reflectometry (NR) is uniquely suited for studying protein interaction with phospholipid bilayers along the bilayer normal on an angstrom scale. However, NR on its own cannot discern specific membrane-bound regions due to a lack of scattering contrast within a protein. Here we report the successful coupling of native chemical ligation (NCL) and NR to study a-synuclein (alpha-syn), a membrane-binding neuronal protein central in Parkinson's disease. Two alpha-syn variants were generated where either the first 86 or last 54 residues are deuterated, allowing for region-specific contrast within the protein and the identification of membrane interacting residues by NR Residues 1-86 are positioned at the hydrocarbon/headgroup interface of the outer leaflet, whereas the density distribution of the 54 C-terminal residues ranges from the hydrocarbon region to the aqueous environment. Coupling of NCL and NR should have broad utility in studies of membrane protein folding. C1 [Jiang, Zhiping; McGlinchey, Ryan P.; Gruschus, James M.; Lee, Jennifer C.] NHLBI, Lab Prot Conformat & Dynam, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Heinrich, Frank] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Heinrich, Frank] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, JC (reprint author), NHLBI, Lab Prot Conformat & Dynam, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM leej4@mail.nih.gov RI Heinrich, Frank/A-5339-2010 OI Heinrich, Frank/0000-0002-8579-553X FU Intramural Research Program at the NIH, NHLBI; NIST IMS program "Precision Measurements for Integral Membrane Proteins" FX This work is supported by the Intramural Research Program at the NIH, NHLBI and by the NIST IMS program "Precision Measurements for Integral Membrane Proteins". NR was performed on the NG-7 reflectometer at the NIST Neutron Center for Neutron Research and the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. Parts of this research were performed at the NHLBI Biophysics (CD and DLS) and Biochemistry (ES-MS) Cores. We thank Nico Tjandra for the use of 800 MHz Bruker spectrometer. Certain commercial materials, equipment, and instruments are identified in this work to describe the experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does such an identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the materials, equipment, or instrument identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD JAN 5 PY 2017 VL 8 IS 1 BP 29 EP 34 DI 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02304 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EH3EJ UT WOS:000391653200005 PM 27936328 ER PT J AU Iacocca, E Silva, TJ Hoefer, MA AF Iacocca, Ezio Silva, T. J. Hoefer, Mark A. TI Breaking of Galilean Invariance in the Hydrodynamic Formulation of Ferromagnetic Thin Films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN-WAVES; DYNAMICS AB Microwave magnetodynamics in ferromagnets are often studied in the small-amplitude or weakly nonlinear regime corresponding to modulations of a well-defined magnetic state. However, strongly nonlinear regimes, where the aforementioned approximations are not applicable, have become experimentally accessible. By reinterpreting the governing Landau-Lifshitz equation of motion, we derive an exact set of equations of dispersive hydrodynamic form that are amenable to analytical study even when full nonlinearity and exchange dispersion are included. The resulting equations are shown to, in general, break Galilean invariance. A magnetic Mach number is obtained as a function of static and moving reference frames. The simplest class of solutions are termed uniform hydrodynamic states (UHSs), which exhibit fluidlike behavior including laminar flow at subsonic speeds and the formation of a Mach cone and wave fronts at supersonic speeds. A regime of modulational instability is also possible, where the UHS is violently unstable. The hydrodynamic interpretation opens up novel possibilities in magnetic research. C1 [Iacocca, Ezio; Hoefer, Mark A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Iacocca, Ezio] Chalmers, Div Theoret Phys, Dept Phys, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Silva, T. J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Iacocca, E (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Iacocca, E (reprint author), Chalmers, Div Theoret Phys, Dept Phys, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM ezio.iacocca@colorado.edu RI Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013; OI Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642; Iacocca, Ezio/0000-0002-8870-5106 FU Swedish Research Council [637-2014-6863]; NSF CAREER [DMS-1255422] FX The authors thank Leo Radzihovsky, Eric Edwards, Mark Keller, and Hans Nembach for beneficial discussions. E. I. acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council, Reg. No. 637-2014-6863. M. A. H. partially supported by NSF CAREER DMS-1255422. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 5 PY 2017 VL 118 IS 1 AR 017203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.017203 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA EH0SL UT WOS:000391474000025 PM 28106421 ER PT J AU Li, Y Zhu, CJ Garrett, WR Hagley, EW Deng, L AF Li, Yan Zhu, Chengjie Garrett, W. R. Hagley, E. W. Deng, L. TI Matter-Wave-Optical-Wave Mixing-Induced Transparency and a Nonhyperbolic Matter-Wave Quasisoliton in Quantum Gases SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; 3RD-HARMONIC GENERATION; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; INTERFERENCE; RESONANCE; SUPPRESSION; SCATTERING; VAPOR; LIGHT AB The realization of atomic quantum gases has brought out surprising effects that have no correspondence in nonlinear optics with thermal gases, presenting intriguing and exciting challenges to the research discipline of nonlinear optics which has matured since the invention of the laser. Here, we show an unexpected optical wave-mixing gain cancellation effect in a quantum gas that restricts an, otherwise, strongly enhanced backward-propagating light-matter wave-mixing process. This results in a wave-mixing induced transparency and a nonhyperbolic quasi-matter-wave soliton that opens new research opportunities in hydrodynamic fluid research of degenerate quantum gases, such as phonon scattering in a twodimensional sonic black hole horizon. C1 [Li, Yan] East China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200241, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Chengjie] Tongji Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Engn, MOE Key Lab Adv Microstruct Mat, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. [Garrett, W. R.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hagley, E. W.; Deng, L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhu, CJ (reprint author), Tongji Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Engn, MOE Key Lab Adv Microstruct Mat, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.; Deng, L (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cjzhu@tongji.edu.cn; lu.deng@nist.gov FU National Key Basic Research Special Foundation [2016YFA0302800]; 973 Program [2013CB632701]; Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation [U1330203]; National Nature Science Foundation [11504272]; Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (STCSM) [15XD1503700, 16ZR1409800]; State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, CAS [T151604] FX C.J.Z. and Y.L. acknowledge the National Key Basic Research Special Foundation (Grant No. 2016YFA0302800); the 973 Program (Grant No. 2013CB632701); the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. U1330203); the National Nature Science Foundation (Grant No. 11504272); the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (STCSM) (Grants No. 15XD1503700 and No. 16ZR1409800); and State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, CAS (No. T151604). NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 5 PY 2017 VL 118 IS 1 AR 013901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.013901 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA EH0SL UT WOS:000391474000012 PM 28106407 ER PT J AU Hamilton, SL Logan, CA Fennie, HW Sogard, SM Barry, JP Makukhov, AD Tobosa, LR Boyer, K Lovera, CF Bernardi, G AF Hamilton, Scott L. Logan, Cheryl A. Fennie, Hamilton W. Sogard, Susan M. Barry, James P. Makukhov, April D. Tobosa, Lauren R. Boyer, Kirsten Lovera, Christopher F. Bernardi, Giacomo TI Species-Specific Responses of Juvenile Rockfish to Elevated pCO(2): From Behavior to Genomics SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; TROPICAL MARINE FISH; RNA-SEQ DATA; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; ACCLIMATION; IMPACTS; SYSTEM AB In the California Current ecosystem, global climate change is predicted to trigger large-scale changes in ocean chemistry within this century. Ocean acidification which occurs when increased levels of atmospheric CO2 dissolve into the ocean is one of the biggest potential threats to marine life. In a coastal upwelling system, we compared the effects of chronic exposure to low pH (elevated pCO(2)) at four treatment levels (i.e., pCO(2) = ambient [500], moderate [750], high [1900], and extreme [2800 mu atm]) on behavior, physiology, and patterns of gene expression in white muscle tissue of juvenile rockfish (genus Sebastes), integrating responses from the transcriptome to the whole organism level. Experiments were conducted simultaneously on two closely related species that both inhabit kelp forests, yet differ in early life history traits, to compare qhigh-CO2 tolerance among species. Our findings indicate that these congeners express different sensitivities to elevated CO2 levels. Copper rockfish (S. caurinus) exhibited changes in behavioral lateralization, reduced critical swimming speed, depressed aerobic scope, changes in metabolic enzyme activity, and increases in the expression of transcription factors and regulatory genes at high pCO(2) exposure. Blue rockfish (S. mystinus), in contrast, showed no significant changes in behavior, swimming physiology, or aerobic capacity, but did exhibit significant changes in the expression of muscle structural genes as a function of pCO(2), indicating acclimatization potential. The capacity of long-lived, late to mature, commercially important fish to acclimatize and adapt to changing ocean chemistry over the next 50-100 years is likely dependent on species-specific physiological tolerances. C1 [Hamilton, Scott L.; Fennie, Hamilton W.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Pob 450, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Logan, Cheryl A.; Makukhov, April D.; Tobosa, Lauren R.; Boyer, Kirsten] Calif State Univ Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA USA. [Sogard, Susan M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Barry, James P.; Lovera, Christopher F.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Bernardi, Giacomo] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Hamilton, SL (reprint author), Moss Landing Marine Labs, Pob 450, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM shamilton@mlml.calstate.edu RI Bernardi, Giacomo/F-6346-2011 OI Bernardi, Giacomo/0000-0002-8249-4678 FU NOAA [NA100AR4170060]; California Sea Grant [R/CC-07]; National Science Foundation [EF-1416919, EF-1416895]; San Jose State University; CSU Council for Ocean Affairs, Science, and Technology (COAST); CSU Program for Education and Research in Biotechnology (CSUPERB); Faculty Incentive Grant from CSU Monterey Bay; NIH S10 Instrumentation Grants [S10RR029668, S10RR027303] FX Funding was provided by NOAA (NA100AR4170060) and California Sea Grant (R/CC-07), the National Science Foundation (EF-1416919 to S.L.H. and EF-1416895 to C.A.L.), San Jose State University, the CSU Council for Ocean Affairs, Science, and Technology (COAST), CSU Program for Education and Research in Biotechnology (CSUPERB), and a Faculty Incentive Grant to C.A.L. from CSU Monterey Bay. Support for laboratory experiments was provided by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. We used the Vincent J. Coates Genomics Sequencing Laboratory at U.C. Berkeley, supported by NIH S10 Instrumentation Grants S10RR029668 and S10RR027303. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 19 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 5 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 1 AR e0169670 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0169670 PG 23 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EH3AE UT WOS:000391639100068 PM 28056071 ER PT J AU Shen, XY Anagnostou, EN Mei, YW Hong, Y AF Shen, Xinyi Anagnostou, Emmanouil N. Mei, Yiwen Hong, Yang TI A global distributed basin morphometric dataset SO SCIENTIFIC DATA LA English DT Article ID DRAINAGE DENSITY; FREQUENCY; SINUOSITY; NETWORKS; RIVERS; CHINA; GIS AB Basin morphometry is vital information for relating storms to hydrologic hazards, such as landslides and floods. In this paper we present the first comprehensive global dataset of distributed basin morphometry at 30 arc seconds resolution. The dataset includes nine prime morphometric variables; in addition we present formulas for generating twenty-one additional morphometric variables based on combination of the prime variables. The dataset can aid different applications including studies of land-atmosphere interaction, and modelling of floods and droughts for sustainable water management. The validity of the dataset has been consolidated by successfully repeating the Hack's law. C1 [Shen, Xinyi; Anagnostou, Emmanouil N.; Mei, Yiwen] Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Shen, XY; Anagnostou, EN (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM xinyi.shen@uconn.edu; manos@uconn.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2052-4463 J9 SCI DATA JI Sci. Data PD JAN 5 PY 2017 VL 4 AR 160124 DI 10.1038/sdata.2016.124 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EH9AZ UT WOS:000392065400003 PM 28055032 ER PT J AU D'Incao, JP Krutzik, M Elliott, E Williams, JR AF D'Incao, J. P. Krutzik, M. Elliott, E. Williams, J. R. TI Enhanced association and dissociation of heteronuclear Feshbach molecules in a microgravity environment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; INTERACTING FERMI GAS; FEW-BODY SYSTEMS; ULTRACOLD MOLECULES; ATOM-INTERFEROMETER; COOLING ATOMS; SPACE; RESONANCES AB We study the association and dissociation dynamics of weakly bound heteronuclear Feshbach molecules using transverse radio-frequency fields for expected parameters accessible through the microgravity environment of NASA's Cold Atom Laboratory (CAL) aboard the International Space Station, including subnanokelvin temperatures and atomic densities as low as 108/cm(3). We show that under such conditions, thermal and loss effects can be greatly suppressed, resulting in a high efficiency of both association and dissociation of Feshbach molecules with a mean size exceeding 10(4)a(0) and allowing for the coherence in atom-molecule transitions to be clearly observable. Our theoretical model for heteronuclear mixtures includes thermal, loss, and density effects in a simple and conceptually clear manner. We derive the temperature, density, and scattering length regimes of K-41-Rb-87 that allow optimal association or dissociation efficiency with minimal heating and loss to guide upcoming experiments with ultracold atomic gases in space. C1 [D'Incao, J. P.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [D'Incao, J. P.] NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [D'Incao, J. P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Krutzik, M.] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Krutzik, M.; Elliott, E.; Williams, J. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91011 USA. RP D'Incao, JP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; D'Incao, JP (reprint author), NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; D'Incao, JP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. FU German space agency; Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology [50WP1432, 50WM1132, 1237]; U.S. National Science Foundation [PHY-1307380] FX This research was carried out under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. M.K. acknowledges support by the German space agency with funds provided by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology under Grants No. 50WP1432, No. 50WM1132, and No. 1237. J.P.D. also acknowledges partial support from U.S. National Science Foundation Grant No. PHY-1307380. NR 97 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN 3 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 1 AR 012701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.95.012701 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA EG8JU UT WOS:000391303800007 ER PT J AU Wall, ML Safavi-Naini, A Rey, AM AF Wall, Michael L. Safavi-Naini, Arghavan Rey, Ana Maria TI Boson-mediated quantum spin simulators in transverse fields: XY model and spin-boson entanglement SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE INTERACTIONS; PHASE-TRANSITION; TRAPPED IONS; OPTICAL LATTICES; STATES; SYSTEMS; PROPAGATION; GENERATION; MAGNETISM; HUNDREDS AB The coupling of spins to long-wavelength bosonic modes is a prominent means to engineer long-range spin-spin interactions, and has been realized in a variety of platforms, such as atoms in optical cavities and trapped ions. To date, much of the experimental focus has been on the realization of long-range Ising models, but generalizations to other spin models are highly desirable. In this work, we explore a previously unappreciated connection between the realization of an XY model by off-resonant driving of a single sideband of boson excitation (i. e., a single-beam Molmer-Sorensen scheme) and a boson-mediated Ising simulator in the presence of a transverse field. In particular, we show that these two schemes have the same effective Hamiltonian in suitably defined rotating frames, and analyze the emergent effective XY spin model through a truncated Magnus series and numerical simulations. In addition to XY spin-spin interactions that can be nonperturbatively renormalized from the naive Ising spin-spin coupling constants, we find an effective transverse field that is dependent on the thermal energy of the bosons, as well as other spin-boson couplings that cause spin-boson entanglement not to vanish at any time. In the case of a boson-mediated Ising simulator with transverse field, we discuss the crossover from transverse field Ising-like to XY-like spin behavior as a function of field strength. C1 [Wall, Michael L.] NIST, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Theory Quantum Matter, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wall, Michael L.] Johns Hopkins Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Wall, ML (reprint author), NIST, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Wall, ML (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM mwall.physics@gmail.com FU NSF [PHY 1521080]; JILA-NSF [PFC-1125844]; Army Research Office, Multidisciplinary University Initiative-AFOSR; AFOSR; National Research Council FX We would like to acknowledge useful discussions with John Bollinger, Justin Bohnet, and Michael Foss-Feig, and support from NSF Grant No. PHY 1521080, JILA-NSF Grant No. PFC-1125844, Army Research Office, Multidisciplinary University Initiative-AFOSR, and AFOSR. M.L.W. thanks the National Research Council postdoctoral program for support. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN 3 PY 2017 VL 95 IS 1 AR 013602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.95.013602 PG 18 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA EG8JU UT WOS:000391303800011 ER PT J AU Froehlich, HE Gentry, RR Rust, MB Grimm, D Halpern, BS AF Froehlich, Halley E. Gentry, Rebecca R. Rust, Michael B. Grimm, Dietmar Halpern, Benjamin S. TI Public Perceptions of Aquaculture: Evaluating Spatiotemporal Patterns of Sentiment around the World SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WILD FISH; OFFSHORE AQUACULTURE; CONSUMER PERCEPTION; SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE; MARINE AQUACULTURE; GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE; RISK PERCEPTIONS; FARMED SALMON; UNITED-STATES; FISHERIES AB Aquaculture is developing rapidly at a global scale and sustainable practices are an essential part of meeting the protein requirements of the ballooning human population. Locating aquaculture offshore is one strategy that may help address some issues related to near shore development. However, offshore production is nascent and distinctions between the types of aquatic farming may not be fully understood by the public important for collaboration, research, and development. Here we evaluate and report, to our knowledge, the first multinational quantification of the relative sentiments and opinions of the public around distinct forms of aquaculture. Using thousands of newspaper headlines (N-total 1,596) from developed (no. countries = 26) and developing (42) nations, ranging over periods of 1984 to 2015, we found an expanding positive trend of general 'aquaculture' coverage, while 'marine' and 'offshore' appeared more negative. Overall, developing regions published proportionally more positive than negative headlines than developed countries. As case studies, government collected public comments (Ntotal = 1,585) from the United States of America (USA) and New Zealand mirrored the media sentiments; offshore perception being particularly negative in the USA. We also found public sentiment may be influenced by local environmental disasters not directly related to aquaculture (e.g., oil spills). Both countries voiced concern over environmental impacts, but the concerns tended to be more generalized, rather than targeted issues. Two factors that could be inhibiting informed discussion and decisions about offshore aquaculture are lack of applicable knowledge and actual local development issues. Better communication and investigation of the real versus perceived impacts of aquaculture could aid in clarifying the debate about aquaculture, and help support future sustainable growth. C1 [Froehlich, Halley E.; Halpern, Benjamin S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Gentry, Rebecca R.; Halpern, Benjamin S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Rust, Michael B.] NOAA, Off Aquaculture, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Grimm, Dietmar] Nature Conservancy, 4-2 Qijiayuan Diplomat Compound, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Halpern, Benjamin S.] Imperial Coll London, Silwood Pk Campus, Ascot, Berks, England. RP Froehlich, HE (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM froehlich@nceas.ucsb.edu FU Science for Nature and People Partnership [SNP015] FX This work was supported by Science for Nature and People Partnership (SNP015), http://snappartnership.net/, to HEF, DG, and BSH. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 19 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 3 PY 2017 VL 12 IS 1 AR e0169281 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0169281 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EH2QJ UT WOS:000391612300159 PM 28046057 ER PT J AU Fiedler, BL Van Buskirk, S Carter, KP Qin, Y Carpenter, MC Palmer, AE Jimenez, R AF Fiedler, Brett L. Van Buskirk, Steven Carter, Kyle P. Qin, Yan Carpenter, Margaret C. Palmer, Amy E. Jimenez, Ralph TI Droplet Microfluidic Flow Cytometer For Sorting On Transient Cellular Responses Of Genetically-Encoded Sensors SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; SIGNALING DYNAMICS; DIRECTED EVOLUTION; NEURONAL-ACTIVITY; LIVING CELLS; SORTER; MITOCHONDRIAL; BIOSENSORS; LIBRARIES AB Fluorescent biosensors are important measurement tools for in vivo quantification of pH, concentrations of metal ions and other analytes, and physical parameters such as membrane potential. Both the development of these sensors and their implementation in examining cellular heterogeneity requires technology for measuring and sorting cells based on the fluorescence levels before and after chemical or physical perturbations. We developed a droplet microfluidic platform for the screening and separation of cell populations on the basis of the in vivo response of expressed fluorescence-based biosensors after addition of an exogenous analyte. We demonstrate the capability to resolve the responses of two genetically encoded Zn2+ sensors at a range of time points spanning several seconds and subsequently sort a mixed-cell population of varying ratios with high accuracy. C1 [Fiedler, Brett L.; Van Buskirk, Steven; Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fiedler, Brett L.; Van Buskirk, Steven; Jimenez, Ralph] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fiedler, Brett L.; Carter, Kyle P.; Qin, Yan; Carpenter, Margaret C.; Palmer, Amy E.; Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Carter, Kyle P.; Carpenter, Margaret C.; Palmer, Amy E.] Univ Colorado, BioFrontiers Inst, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Qin, Yan] Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Jimenez, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Jimenez, R (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Palmer, AE; Jimenez, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Palmer, AE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, BioFrontiers Inst, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM Amy.Palmer@colorado.edu; rjimenez@jila.colorado.edu FU NSF Physics Frontier Center at JILA; NIH [R01 GM084027]; [K99/R00 EB017289]; [T32GM008732] FX This work was supported by the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JILA, NIH R01 GM084027 (to A.E.P), and K99/R00 EB017289 (to Y.Q.). K.P.C. was supported by T32GM008732. R.J. is a staff member in the Quantum Physics Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the NIST, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 3 PY 2017 VL 89 IS 1 BP 711 EP 719 DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03235 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA EG8ZO UT WOS:000391346600057 PM 27959493 ER PT J AU Manfred, KM Hunter, KM Ciaffoni, L Ritchie, GAD AF Manfred, Katherine M. Hunter, Katharine M. Ciaffoni, Luca Ritchie, Grant A. D. TI ICL-Based OF-CEAS: A Sensitive Tool for Analytical Chemistry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CAVITY-ENHANCED ABSORPTION; INTERBAND-CASCADE LASER; OPTICAL-FEEDBACK; OUTPUT SPECTROSCOPY; DIODE-LASERS; NITROUS-OXIDE; SPECTROMETER; METHANE; BREATH; SENSOR AB Optical-feedback cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (OF-CEAS) using mid-infrared interband cascade lasers (ICLs) is a sensitive technique for trace gas sensing. The setup of a V-shaped optical cavity operating with a 3.29 mu m cw ICL is detailed, and a quantitative characterization of the injection efficiency, locking stability, mode matching, and detection sensitivity is presented. The experimental data are supported by a model to show how optical feedback affects the laser frequency as it is scanned across several longitudinal modes of the optical cavity. The model predicts that feedback enhancement effects under strongly absorbing conditions can cause underestimations in the measured absorption, and these predictions are verified experimentally. The technique is then used in application to the detection of nitrous made as an exemplar of the utility of this technique for analytical gas phase spectroscopy. The analytical performance of the spectrometer, expressed as noise equivalent absorption coefficient, was estimated as 4.9 x 10(-9) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2), which compares well with recently reported values. C1 [Manfred, Katherine M.; Hunter, Katharine M.; Ciaffoni, Luca; Ritchie, Grant A. D.] Univ Oxford, Dept Chem, Phys & Theoret Chem Lab, Oxford, England. [Manfred, Katherine M.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Manfred, Katherine M.] Univ Colorado Boulder, CIRES, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ritchie, GAD (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Chem, Phys & Theoret Chem Lab, Oxford, England. EM grant.ritchie@chem.ox.ac.uk OI Manfred, Katherine/0000-0002-6850-1560 FU Organisation Research Excellence Grant from the European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP) [IND63-REG2]; EMRP participating countries within EURAMET; European Union FX We would like to thank N. Lang, J. Ropcke, and J. H. van Helden from the Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald) for the use of the CRD Optics ZnSe mirrors. This work has been conducted through an Organisation Research Excellence Grant (IND63-REG2) from the European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP). The EMRP is jointly funded by the EMRP participating countries within EURAMET and the European Union. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 3 PY 2017 VL 89 IS 1 BP 902 EP 909 DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04030 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA EG8ZO UT WOS:000391346600081 PM 27936594 ER PT J AU Balaji, V Maisonnave, E Zadeh, N Lawrence, BN Biercamp, J Fladrich, U Aloisio, G Benson, R Caubel, A Durachta, J Foujols, MA Lister, G Mocavero, S Underwood, S Wright, G AF Balaji, Venkatramani Maisonnave, Eric Zadeh, Niki Lawrence, Bryan N. Biercamp, Joachim Fladrich, Uwe Aloisio, Giovanni Benson, Rusty Caubel, Arnaud Durachta, Jeffrey Foujols, Marie-Alice Lister, Grenville Mocavero, Silvia Underwood, Seth Wright, Garrett TI CPMIP: measurements of real computational performance of Earth system models in CMIP6 SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; CLIMATE MODELS; FORMULATION; BENCHMARKS AB A climate model represents a multitude of processes on a variety of timescales and space scales: a canonical example of multi-physics multi-scale modeling. The underlying climate system is physically characterized by sensitive dependence on initial conditions, and natural stochastic variability, so very long integrations are needed to extract signals of climate change. Algorithms generally possess weak scaling and can be I/O and/or memory-bound. Such weak scaling, I/O, and memory-bound multi-physics codes present particular challenges to computational performance. Traditional metrics of computational efficiency such as performance counters and scaling curves do not tell us enough about real sustained performance from climate models on different machines. They also do not provide a satisfactory basis for comparative information across models. We introduce a set of metrics that can be used for the study of computational performance of climate (and Earth system) models. These measures do not require specialized software or specific hardware counters, and should be accessible to anyone. They are independent of platform and underlying parallel programming models. We show how these metrics can be used to measure actually attained performance of Earth system models on different machines, and identify the most fruitful areas of research and development for performance engineering. We present results for these measures for a diverse suite of models from several modeling centers, and propose to use these measures as a basis for a CPMIP, a computational performance model intercomparison project (MIP). C1 [Balaji, Venkatramani] Princeton Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Maisonnave, Eric] Ctr Europeen Rech Avancee Calcul Sci CERFACS, Toulouse, France. [Zadeh, Niki; Durachta, Jeffrey; Underwood, Seth; Wright, Garrett] Engility Inc, Dover, NJ USA. [Balaji, Venkatramani; Zadeh, Niki; Benson, Rusty; Durachta, Jeffrey; Underwood, Seth; Wright, Garrett] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Lawrence, Bryan N.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Reading, Berks, England. [Lawrence, Bryan N.] Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England. [Lawrence, Bryan N.; Lister, Grenville] Sci & Technol Facil Council, Abingdon, Oxon, England. [Biercamp, Joachim] Deutsch Klimarechenzentrum GmbH, Hamburg, Germany. [Fladrich, Uwe] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, Norrkoping, Sweden. [Aloisio, Giovanni; Mocavero, Silvia] Ctr Euromediterraneo Cambiamenti Climat CMCC Fdn, Lecce, Italy. [Aloisio, Giovanni] Univ Salento, Lecce, Italy. [Caubel, Arnaud] Univ Paris Saclay, Lab Sci Climat & Environm LSCE IPSL, CEA, CNRS,UVSQ, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Foujols, Marie-Alice] UPMC, CNRS, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Paris, France. RP Balaji, V (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.; Balaji, V (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM balaji@princeton.edu FU Cooperative Institute for Climate Science, Princeton University from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce [NA08OAR4320752]; Institut Pierre et Simon Laplace (LABEX-LIPSL); European Union [312979]; UK Natural Environment Research Council FX V. Balaji is supported by the Cooperative Institute for Climate Science, Princeton University, award NA08OAR4320752, from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of Princeton University, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the US Department of Commerce. He is grateful to the Institut Pierre et Simon Laplace (LABEX-LIPSL) for support in 2015, during which drafts of this paper were written.; The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework program under the IS-ENES 2 project (grant agreement no. 312979).; B. N. Lawrence acknowledges additional support from the UK Natural Environment Research Council. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PD JAN 2 PY 2017 VL 10 IS 1 BP 19 EP 34 DI 10.5194/gmd-10-19-2017 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EH9QL UT WOS:000392105800002 ER PT J AU Giordano, MR Kalnajs, LE Avery, A Goetz, JD Davis, SM DeCarlo, PF AF Giordano, Michael R. Kalnajs, Lars E. Avery, Anita Goetz, J. Douglas Davis, Sean M. DeCarlo, Peter F. TI A missing source of aerosols in Antarctica - beyond long-range transport, phytoplankton, and photochemistry SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SALT-SULFATE; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; ROSS ISLAND REGION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MASS-SPECTROMETER; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; COASTAL ANTARCTICA; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SULFUR EMISSIONS AB Understanding the sources and evolution of aerosols is crucial for constraining the impacts that aerosols have on a global scale. An unanswered question in atmospheric science is the source and evolution of the Antarctic aerosol population. Previous work over the continent has primarily utilized low temporal resolution aerosol filters to answer questions about the chemical composition of Antarctic aerosols. Bulk aerosol sampling has been useful in identifying seasonal cycles in the aerosol populations, especially in populations that have been attributed to Southern Ocean phytoplankton emissions. However, real-time, high-resolution chemical composition data are necessary to identify the mechanisms and exact timing of changes in the Antarctic aerosol. The recent 2ODIAC (2-Season Ozone Depletion and Interaction with Aerosols Campaign) field campaign saw the first ever deployment of a real-time, high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS - soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer -or AMS) to the continent. Data obtained from the AMS, and a suite of other aerosol, gas-phase, and meteorological instruments, are presented here. In particular, this paper focuses on the aerosol population over coastal Antarctica and the evolution of that population in austral spring. Results indicate that there exists a sulfate mode in Antarctica that is externally mixed with a mass mode vacuum aerodynamic diameter of 250 nm. Springtime increases in sulfate aerosol are observed and attributed to biogenic sources, in agreement with previous research identifying phytoplankton activity as the source of the aerosol. Furthermore, the total Antarctic aerosol population is shown to undergo three distinct phases during the winter to summer transition. The first phase is dominated by highly aged sulfate particles comprising the majority of the aerosol mass at low wind speed. The second phase, previously unidentified, is the generation of a sub-250 nm aerosol population of unknown composition. The second phase appears as a transitional phase during the extended polar sunrise. The third phase is marked by an increased importance of biogenically derived sulfate to the total aerosol population (photolysis of dimethyl sulfate and methanesulfonic acid (DMS and MSA)). The increased importance of MSA is identified both through the direct, real-time measurement of aerosol MSA and through the use of positive matrix factorization on the sulfur-containing ions in the high-resolution mass-spectral data. Given the importance of sub-250 nm particles, the aforementioned second phase suggests that early austral spring is the season where new particle formation mechanisms are likely to have the largest contribution to the aerosol population in Antarctica. C1 [Giordano, Michael R.; Avery, Anita; Goetz, J. Douglas; DeCarlo, Peter F.] Drexel Univ, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Kalnajs, Lars E.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Davis, Sean M.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Davis, Sean M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [DeCarlo, Peter F.] Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Giordano, Michael R.] US EPA, Hosted, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP DeCarlo, PF (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.; DeCarlo, PF (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM pfd33@drexel.edu RI DeCarlo, Peter/B-2118-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI DeCarlo, Peter/0000-0001-6385-7149; FU National Science Foundation [1341628, 1341492] FX The authors of this paper would like to thank the National Science Foundation for funding this work through grant numbers 1341628 and 1341492. Additionally, the authors extend many thanks to all of the support staff at McMurdo Station, especially Tony Buchanan; without their support none of this work would have been possible. The authors would also like to thank Terry Deshler, Andrew Slater, and Anondo Mukherjee for their direct help with measurements in the field and Erin Frolli for her assistance in satellite image retrieval and creation. The authors would also like to thank and acknowledge Soeren Zorn and Julia Schmale for their permission to reproduce their data in Fig. 5. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 2 PY 2017 VL 17 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.5194/acp-17-1-2017 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH9OO UT WOS:000392100900001 ER PT J AU Li, XF Zheng, WZ Yang, XF Pietrafesa, LJ AF Li, Xiaofeng Zheng, Weizhong Yang, Xiaofeng Pietrafesa, Leonard J. TI Sea Fetch Observed by Synthetic Aperture Radar SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE Model; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); wind ID COLD-AIR OUTBREAK; GRAVITY-WAVES; SAR IMAGERY; WINDS; QUIKSCAT; GROWTH; SWELL AB Two satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations of the fetch in the Bohai Sea of China are presented. The sea surface winds derived from SAR data indicated a high wind of 15-16 m/s that occurred in the fetch zone. The winds are shown to have immediate direct mechanical forcing impacts on the significant wave heights (Hs) of ocean surface gravity waves. Buoy measurements and numerical wave modeling results show that the Hs increased to a maximum of 3.5 m in the semienclosed sea, 3 h after the passage of the fetch winds, and the high Hs in the sea was sustained for a total of 6 h. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model implemented in our modeling simulation captured the wind field responsible for the evolution of the fetch event. The model-simulated surface horizontal winds agree with the SAR-derived winds. In addition, the vertical wind distribution reveals that the fetch wind field reached the 800 hPa level, and the event lasted less than one day. This study demonstrates the synergy of using SAR imagery and the WRF model as effective tools to investigate the lateral and vertical structures of coastal wind. C1 [Li, Xiaofeng] Zhejiang Ocean Univ, Zhoushan 316004, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, NESDIS, NCWCP, E RA3, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zheng, Weizhong] NOAA, NCEP, EMC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Yang, Xiaofeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Pietrafesa, Leonard J.] Coastal Carolina Univ, Conway, SC 29528 USA. [Pietrafesa, Leonard J.] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), Zhejiang Ocean Univ, Zhoushan 316004, Peoples R China.; Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, NCWCP, E RA3, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Xiaofeng.Li@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2168-6831 J9 IEEE GEOSC REM SEN M JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Mag. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 55 IS 1 BP 272 EP 279 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2605670 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EP3IQ UT WOS:000397276400022 ER PT J AU Goetz, KP Tsutsumi, J Pookpanratana, S Chen, JH Corbin, NS Behera, RK Coropceanu, V Richter, CA Hacker, CA Hasegawa, T Jurchescu, OD AF Goetz, Katelyn P. Tsutsumi, Jun'ya Pookpanratana, Sujitra Chen, Jihua Corbin, Nathan S. Behera, Rakesh K. Coropceanu, Veaceslav Richter, Curt A. Hacker, Christina A. Hasegawa, Tatsuo Jurchescu, Oana D. TI Reply to Comment on Polymorphism in the 1:1 Charge-Transfer Complex DBTTF-TCNQ and Its Effects on Optical and Electronic Properties SO ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material DE charge-transfer complexes; organic semiconductors; polymorphism; single crystals ID RAMAN-SPECTRA; SALTS; DIBENZOTETRATHIAFULVALENE; TETRACYANOQUINODIMETHANE C1 [Goetz, Katelyn P.; Jurchescu, Oana D.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Phys, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Tsutsumi, Jun'ya; Hasegawa, Tatsuo] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Flexible Elect Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058562, Japan. [Pookpanratana, Sujitra; Richter, Curt A.; Hacker, Christina A.] NIST, Div Engn Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Jihua] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Corbin, Nathan S.; Behera, Rakesh K.; Coropceanu, Veaceslav] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Corbin, Nathan S.; Behera, Rakesh K.; Coropceanu, Veaceslav] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Organ Photon & Elect, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Hasegawa, Tatsuo] Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RP Jurchescu, OD (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Phys, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. EM jurchescu@wfu.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2199-160X J9 ADV ELECTRON MATER JI Adv. Electron. Mater. PY 2017 VL 3 IS 3 AR UNSP 1600521 DI 10.1002/aelm.201600521 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EM9NK UT WOS:000395638200015 ER PT J AU Colbert-Kelly, S McFadden, GB Phillips, D Shen, J AF Colbert-Kelly, Sean McFadden, Geoffrey B. Phillips, Daniel Shen, Jie TI NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION FOR A GENERALIZED PLANAR GINZBURG-LANDAU EQUATION IN A CIRCULAR GEOMETRY SO COMMUNICATIONS IN MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Ginzburg-Landau; vortices; Euler-Lagrange equations; spectral-Galerkin; polar coordinates ID LIQUID-CRYSTALS AB In this paper, a numerical scheme for a generalized planar Ginzburg-Landau energy in a circular geometry is studied. A spectral-Galerkin method is utilized, and a stability analysis and an error estimate for the scheme are presented. It is shown that the scheme is unconditionally stable. We present numerical simulation results that have been obtained by using the scheme with various sets of boundary data, including those the form u(theta)= exp(id theta), where the integer d denotes the topological degree of the solution. These numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental and analytical results. Results include the computation of bifurcations from pure bend or splay patterns to spiral patterns for d=1, energy decay curves for d=1, spectral accuracy plots for d=2 and computations of metastable or unstable higher-energy solutions as well as the lowest energy ground state solutions for values of d ranging from two to five. C1 [Colbert-Kelly, Sean; McFadden, Geoffrey B.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Phillips, Daniel; Shen, Jie] Purdue Univ, Dept Math, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Colbert-Kelly, S (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sean.colbert-kelly@nist.gov; mcfadden@nist.gov; phillips@math.purdue.edu; shen@math.purdue.edu FU Department of Education (ED) [84.200A]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [REC-0535794]; NSF [DMS-1109459, DMS-1217066, DMS-1419053]; National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship at NIST FX S. Colbert-Kelly was supported by Department of Education (ED) grant 84.200A, National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant REC-0535794 and NSF grant DMS-1109459 while attending Purdue University and was supported by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship at NIST; D. Phillips would like to gratefully acknowledge support from NSF under grant DMS-1109459; J. Shen was partially supported by NSF DMS-1217066 and DMS-1419053. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PRESS BOSTON, INC PI SOMERVILLE PA PO BOX 43502, SOMERVILLE, MA 02143 USA SN 1539-6746 J9 COMMUN MATH SCI JI Commun. Math. Sci. PY 2017 VL 15 IS 2 BP 329 EP 357 PG 29 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA EL3LL UT WOS:000394520500003 ER PT J AU Small, RJ Brost, B Hooten, M Castellote, M Mondragon, J AF Small, Robert J. Brost, Brian Hooten, Mevin Castellote, Manuel Mondragon, Jeffrey TI Potential for spatial displacement of Cook Inlet beluga whales by anthropogenic noise in critical habitat SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Beluga whales; Anthropogenic noise; Spatial displacement; Occupancy models ID MASKED HEARING THRESHOLDS; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; WHITE WHALES; ORCINUS-ORCA; ECHOLOCATION SIGNALS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; OCCUPANCY MODELS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; VANCOUVER-ISLAND AB The population of beluga whales in Cook Inlet, Alaska, USA, declined by nearly half in the mid-1990s, primarily from an unsustainable harvest, and was listed as endangered in 2008. In 2014, abundance was similar to 340 whales, and the population trend during 1999-2014 was -1.3% yr(-1). Cook Inlet beluga whales are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts, and noise that has the potential to reduce communication and echolocation range considerably has been documented in critical habitat; thus, noise was ranked as a high potential threat in the Cook Inlet beluga Recovery Plan. The current recovery strategy includes research on effects of threats potentially limiting recovery, and thus we examined the potential impact of anthropogenic noise in critical habitat, specifically, spatial displacement. Using a subset of data on anthropogenic noise and beluga detections from a 5 yr acoustic study, we evaluated the influence of noise events on beluga occupancy probability. We used occupancy models, which account for factors that affect detection probability when estimating occupancy, the first application of these models to examine the potential impacts of anthropogenic noise on marine mammal behavior. Results were inconclusive, primarily because beluga detections were relatively infrequent. Even though noise metrics (sound pressure level and noise duration) appeared in high-ranking models as covariates for occupancy probability, the data were insufficient to indicate better predictive ability beyond those models that only included environmental covariates. Future studies that implement protocols designed specifically for beluga occupancy will be most effective for accurately estimating the effect of noise on beluga displacement. C1 [Small, Robert J.; Mondragon, Jeffrey] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 1255 West 8th St, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Brost, Brian; Hooten, Mevin] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 1484 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin] US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 1484 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, 1484 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Castellote, Manuel] Univ Washington, JISAO, 3737 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Castellote, Manuel] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Small, RJ (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 1255 West 8th St, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM bob.small@alaska.gov FU Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement [NA15OAR4320063] FX This study would have not been possible without all the collective effort from the team of researchers that conducted the Cook Inlet beluga acoustic study: Justin Jenniges, Alaska Department of Fish Game; Marc Lammers, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology; and Shannon Atkinson, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Del Westerholt provided critical support in the design of acoustic moorings and deployment logistics in upper Cook Inlet. Christopher Garner, Joint Base Elmendorf Richardson, provided critical logistic support during field work in Knik Arm. Special thanks are due to Dave McKay and Bill Choate, the 2 vessel operators whose efforts were instrumental in the deployment and recovery of acoustic moorings in Cook Inlet during the study. Comments from 2 anonymous reviewers improved a previous version of this manuscript. This publication was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA15OAR4320063 (2015-2020). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 32 BP 43 EP 57 DI 10.3354/esr00786 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN0ED UT WOS:000395682200005 ER PT J AU Norris, TA Littnan, CL Gulland, FMD Baker, JD Harvey, JT AF Norris, Tenaya A. Littnan, Charles L. Gulland, Frances M. D. Baker, Jason D. Harvey, James T. TI An integrated approach for assessing translocation as an effective conservation tool for Hawaiian monk seals SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Translocation; Post-release monitoring; Health assessment; Foraging conditions; First-year survival; Hawaiian monk seal ID SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI; DIVE DURATION; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; FORAGING HABITAT; MIROUNGA-LEONINA; BODY-SIZE; SURVIVAL; ISLANDS; WILDLIFE AB For threatened and endangered species, translocations have been widely used to mitigate multiple sources of mortality that threaten population recovery. Although numerous Hawaiian monk seals Neomonachus schauinslandi have been translocated for a variety of purposes, few monk seal translocations have addressed the problem of prey limitation. To assess the efficacy of using translocations to mitigate reduced prey availability, 12 weanling monk seals were translocated with pre-release health screening and post-release monitoring. Specifically, the health, foraging behavior, habitat use, and survival of translocated seals were compared with those of 17 monk seals resident to the release site. There was little evidence of infectious diseases in translocated and resident seals, although Chlamydophila abortus antibodies and enteric bacteria were detected in many individuals. Translocated and resident weanling seals also demonstrated similar diving, movements, and habitat use, whereas resident adult seals had greater variability in foraging patterns. First-year survival for translocated weanlings (50%, n = 12) and non-translocated weanlings at the donor (31%, n = 36) and recipient sites (69%, n = 16) was related to weaning body size, with larger individuals having greater survivorship. These results supported 3 main conclusions that have important consequences for future translocation and population recovery efforts: (1) there was minimal risk of exposing seals to novel infectious diseases as a result of translocation; (2) individuals translocated with limited foraging experience rapidly adapted to their post-release environment; and (3) translocation for the purpose of mitigating prey limitation is a viable and important conservation tool for Hawaiian monk seals. C1 [Norris, Tenaya A.; Gulland, Frances M. D.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Norris, Tenaya A.; Harvey, James T.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Littnan, Charles L.; Baker, Jason D.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Norris, TA (reprint author), Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA.; Norris, TA (reprint author), Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM norrist@tmmc.org FU National Marine Fisheries Service; Marine Mammal Center FX Funding for this study was provided by National Marine Fisheries Service and The Marine Mammal Center. We thank the many field researchers and the officers and crews of the NOAA Ship 'Oscar Elton Sette' and M/V 'Searcher' who were critical to the translocation, seal capture, and habitat assessment efforts and who provided additional project support, especially B. Braun, C. Yoshinaga, S. Guerin, M. Sullivan, S. Farry, J. Jones, L. Kashinsky, and T. Johanos-Kam. This project was conducted under Marine Mammal Protection Act Research and Enhancement Permit 10137. All activities were permitted by the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Management Board (PMNM-2008-016, PMNM-2009-001, PMNM- 20100-30, and PMNM-2011-001), and activities involving monk seals were approved by the San Jose State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol 917. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 32 BP 103 EP 115 DI 10.3354/esr00788 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN0ED UT WOS:000395682200009 ER PT J AU Pons, M Branch, TA Melnychuk, MC Jensen, OP Brodziak, J Fromentin, JM Harley, SJ Haynie, AC Kell, LT Maunder, MN Parma, AM Restrepo, VR Sharma, R Ahrens, R Hilborn, R AF Pons, Maite Branch, Trevor A. Melnychuk, Michael C. Jensen, Olaf P. Brodziak, Jon Fromentin, Jean M. Harley, Shelton J. Haynie, Alan C. Kell, Laurie T. Maunder, Mark N. Parma, Ana M. Restrepo, Victor R. Sharma, Rishi Ahrens, Robert Hilborn, Ray TI Effects of biological, economic and management factors on tuna and billfish stock status SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Fisheries management; marine conservation; stock assessment; stock status; tuna fisheries ID ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; FISHERIES; UNCERTAINTY; POPULATIONS; ASSESSMENTS; PATTERNS; DECLINE; OCEAN AB Commercial tunas and billfishes (swordfish, marlins and sailfish) provide considerable catches and income in both developed and developing countries. These stocks vary in status from lightly exploited to rebuilding to severely depleted. Previous studies suggested that this variability could result from differences in life-history characteristics and economic incentives, but differences in exploitation histories and management measures also have a strong effect on current stock status. Although the status (bio-mass and fishing mortality rate) of major tuna and billfish stocks is well documented, the effect of these diverse factors on current stock status and the effect of management measures in rebuilding stocks have not been analysed at the global level. Here, we show that, particularly for tunas, stocks were more depleted if they had high commercial value, were long-lived species, had small pre-fishing biomass and were subject to intense fishing pressure for a long time. In addition, implementing and enforcing total allowable catches (TACs) had the strongest positive influence on rebuilding overfished tuna and billfish stocks. Other control rules such as minimum size regulations or seasonal closures were also important in reducing fishing pressure, but stocks under TAC implementations showed the fastest increase of biomass. Lessons learned from this study can be applied in managing large industrial fisheries around the world. In particular, tuna regional fisheries management organizations should consider the relative effectiveness of management measures observed in this study for rebuilding depleted large pelagic stocks. C1 [Pons, Maite; Branch, Trevor A.; Melnychuk, Michael C.; Hilborn, Ray] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jensen, Olaf P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Brodziak, Jon] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Fromentin, Jean M.] IFREMER, UMR MARBEC Marine Biodivers Exploitat & Conservat, Blvd Jean Monnet,CS 30171, F-34203 Sete, France. [Harley, Shelton J.] Secretariat Pacific Community, Fisheries Aquaculture & Marine Ecosyst Div, BP D5, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. [Haynie, Alan C.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Bldg 4,7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kell, Laurie T.] ICCAT Int Commiss Conservat Atlantic Tunas Secret, Corazon de Maria 8, Madrid 28002, Spain. [Maunder, Mark N.] IATTC, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, San Diego, CA 92037 USA. [Parma, Ana M.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Ctr Nacl Patagon, Blvd Brown 2915,U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. [Restrepo, Victor R.] ISSF, 805 15th St NW,Suite 708, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Sharma, Rishi] IOTC, Le Chantier Mall,2nd Floor,POB 1011, Victoria, Mahe, Seychelles. [Ahrens, Robert] Univ Florida, Program Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, POB 110410, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Sharma, Rishi] NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Pons, M (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mpons@uw.edu FU Pelagic Fisheries Research Program of the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research; Walton Family Foundation; Fulbright Fellowship FX This project was funded by the Pelagic Fisheries Research Program of the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, and the Walton Family Foundation. MP was supported by a Fulbright Fellowship. NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-2960 EI 1467-2979 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1111/faf.12163 PG 21 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EO0SC UT WOS:000396407200001 ER PT J AU Eddy, TD Lotze, HK Fulton, EA Coll, M Ainsworth, CH de Araujo, JN Bulman, CM Bundy, A Christensen, V Field, JC Gribble, NA Hasan, M Mackinson, S Townsend, H AF Eddy, Tyler D. Lotze, Heike K. Fulton, Elizabeth A. Coll, Marta Ainsworth, Cameron H. de Araujo, Julio Neves Bulman, Catherine M. Bundy, Alida Christensen, Villy Field, John C. Gribble, Neil A. Hasan, Mejs Mackinson, Steve Townsend, Howard TI Ecosystem effects of invertebrate fisheries SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE Ecological indicators; Ecopath with Ecosim; ecosystem-based fisheries management; functional roles; invertebrate exploitation; trophic impacts ID MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; IMPACTS; MODELS; FISH; RECOVERY; KEYSTONE AB Since the 1950s, invertebrate fisheries catches have rapidly expanded globally to more than 10 million tonnes annually, with twice as many target species, and are now significant contributors to global seafood provision, export, trade and local livelihoods. Invertebrates play important and diverse functional roles in marine ecosystems, yet the ecosystem effects of their exploitation are poorly understood. Using 12 ecosystem models distributed worldwide, we analysed the trade-offs of various invertebrate fisheries and their ecosystem effects as well as ecological indicators. Although less recognized for their contributions to marine food webs, our results show that the magnitude of trophic impacts of invertebrates on other species of commercial and conservation interest is comparable with those of forage fish. Generally, cephalopods showed the strongest ecosystem effects and were characterized by a strong top-down predatory role. Lobster, and to a lesser extent, crabs, shrimp and prawns, also showed strong ecosystem effects, but at lower trophic levels. Benthic invertebrates, including epifauna and infauna, also showed considerable ecosystem effects, but with strong bottom-up characteristics. In contrast, urchins, bivalves, and gastropods showed generally lower ecosystem effects in our simulations. Invertebrates also strongly contributed to benthic-pelagic coupling, with exploitation of benthic invertebrates impacting pelagic fishes and vice versa. Finally, on average, invertebrates produced maximum sustainable yield at lower levels of depletion (similar to 45%) than forage fish (similar to 65%), highlighting the need for management targets that avoid negative consequences for target species and marine ecosystems as a whole. C1 [Eddy, Tyler D.; Lotze, Heike K.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [Fulton, Elizabeth A.; Bulman, Catherine M.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas 7007, Australia. [Fulton, Elizabeth A.] Univ Tasmania, Ctr Marine Socioecol, Hobart, Tas 7004, Australia. [Coll, Marta] IRD, F-34203 Sete, France. [Coll, Marta] CSIC, Inst Marine Sci ICM, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. [Coll, Marta] Ecopath Int Initiat Res Assoc, Barcelona 08003, Spain. [Ainsworth, Cameron H.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [de Araujo, Julio Neves] Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Dept Ecol & Recursos Nat, BR-29075910 Vitoria, ES, Brazil. [Bundy, Alida] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada DFO, Ocean Ecosyst Sci Div, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Christensen, Villy] Univ British Columbia, Inst Oceans & Fisheries, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Field, John C.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Gribble, Neil A.] James Cook Univ, Coll Marine & Environm Sci, Div Trop Environm & Soc, Townsville, Qld 4870, Australia. [Hasan, Mejs; Townsend, Howard] NOAA, Chesapeake Bay Off, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Hasan, Mejs] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Mackinson, Steve] CEFAS, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England. RP Eddy, TD (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. EM tyler.eddy@dal.ca FU Lenfest Ocean Program; European Commission through the Marie Curie Career Integration Grant Fellowships [PCIG10-GA-2011303534]; Spanish National Program Ramon y Cajal; NSERC, Canada; Defra [M1228] FX We thank Boris Worm, Daniel Boyce, Tony Smith, Ivonne Ortiz and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments that greatly improved the manuscript. We acknowledge the Sea Around Us Project for providing catch data, obtained from seaaroundus.org. We acknowledge Richard Methot and Stacey Miller from NOAA, who provided U. S. fisheries stock information from the SIS database. Key financial support for this project was provided by the Lenfest Ocean Program with a grant to HKL. MC was partially funded by the European Commission through the Marie Curie Career Integration Grant Fellowships - PCIG10-GA-2011303534 - to the BIOWEB project and by the Spanish National Program Ramon y Cajal. VC acknowledges support from NSERC, Canada. SM gratefully acknowledges the support provided by Defra project M1228 'Fizzyfish'. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-2960 EI 1467-2979 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 18 IS 1 BP 40 EP 53 DI 10.1111/faf.12165 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EO0SC UT WOS:000396407200003 ER PT J AU Erisman, B Heyman, W Kobara, S Ezer, T Pittman, S Aburto-Oropeza, O Nemeth, RS AF Erisman, Brad Heyman, William Kobara, Shinichi Ezer, Tal Pittman, Simon Aburto-Oropeza, Octavio Nemeth, Richard S. TI Fish spawning aggregations: where well-placed management actions can yield big benefits for fisheries and conservation SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE fish spawning aggregations; fisheries comanagement; fisheries management; marine conservation; marine productivity hotspots; physical-biological coupling ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; US-VIRGIN-ISLANDS; COMMUNITY-BASED CONSERVATION; SNAPPER LUTJANUS-ANALIS; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; COD GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; RED HIND; BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; CORAL-REEF AB Marine ecosystem management has traditionally been divided between fisheries management and biodiversity conservation approaches, and the merging of these disparate agendas has proven difficult. Here, we offer a pathway that can unite fishers, scientists, resource managers and conservationists towards a single vision for some areas of the ocean where small investments in management can offer disproportionately large benefits to fisheries and biodiversity conservation. Specifically, we provide a series of evidenced-based arguments that support an urgent need to recognize fish spawning aggregations (FSAs) as a focal point for fisheries management and conservation on a global scale, with a particular emphasis placed on the protection of multispecies FSA sites. We illustrate that these sites serve as productivity hotspots - small areas of the ocean that are dictated by the interactions between physical forces and geomorphology, attract multiple species to reproduce in large numbers and support food web dynamics, ecosystem health and robust fisheries. FSAs are comparable in vulnerability, importance and magnificence to breeding aggregations of seabirds, sea turtles and whales yet they receive insufficient attention and are declining worldwide. Numerous case-studies confirm that protected aggregations do recover to benefit fisheries through increases in fish biomass, catch rates and larval recruitment at fished sites. The small size and spatio-temporal predictability of FSAs allow monitoring, assessment and enforcement to be scaled down while benefits of protection scale up to entire populations. Fishers intuitively understand the linkages between protecting FSAs and healthy fisheries and thus tend to support their protection. C1 [Erisman, Brad] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Heyman, William] LGL Ecol Res Associates Inc, Bryan, TX 77802 USA. [Kobara, Shinichi] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Ezer, Tal] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. [Pittman, Simon] NOAA, Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Pittman, Simon] Univ Plymouth, Ctr Marine & Coastal Policy Res, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Aburto-Oropeza, Octavio] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Nemeth, Richard S.] Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. RP Erisman, B (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. EM berisman@utexas.edu OI Ezer, Tal/0000-0002-2018-6071 FU National Science Foundation, Virgin Islands EPSCoR program [0814417]; Walton Family Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Summit Foundation; Oak Foundation; NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program FX The ideas contained in this manuscript were inspired by a workshop organized and attended by the authors funded by the National Science Foundation, Virgin Islands EPSCoR program (#0814417). Additional support for this research was provided by the Walton Family Foundation, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the Summit Foundation, the Oak Foundation and NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program. We thank Science and Conservation of Fish Aggregations (SCRFA) for access to their online database, Douglas David Seifert for providing photographs and Y. Sadovy de Mitcheson for providing feedback on the ideas discussed in this manuscript. This is contribution #103 to the University of the Virgin Islands' Center for Marine and Environmental Studies. NR 143 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-2960 EI 1467-2979 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 18 IS 1 BP 128 EP 144 DI 10.1111/faf.12132 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EO0SC UT WOS:000396407200009 ER EF