FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Fioretti, AN Toberer, ES Zakutayev, A Tamboli, AC AF Fioretti, Angela N. Toberer, Eric S. Zakutayev, Andriy Tamboli, Adele C. GP IEEE TI Effects of Low Temperature Annealing on the Transport Properties of Zinc Tin Nitride SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE Annealing; thin films; nitrogen; sputtering; microsctructure ID SEMICONDUCTOR; ZNSNN2 AB ZnSnN2 has recently garnered increasing interest as a potential solar absorber material due to its direct bandgap that is predicted to be tunable from 1.0-2.1 eV based on cation disorder. One important challenge to the further development of this material for photovoltaics (PV) is to reliably synthesize films with carrier density <= 10(17) electrons cm(-3). In this work, we perform a systematic annealing study on compositionally-graded Zn-Sn-N thin films to determine the effects on carrier density and transport of such post-growth treatment. We find that annealing up to 6 hr under an activated nitrogen atmosphere results in a reduction in carrier density by similar to 80% for zinc-rich films, and by similar to 50% for stoichiometric films. However, we also find that annealing reduces mobility as a function of increasing annealing time. This result suggests that initial film disorder hampers the benefits to film quality that should have been gained through annealing. This finding highlights that carefully managed initial growth conditions will be necessary to obtain PV-quality ZnSnN2 absorber films. C1 [Fioretti, Angela N.; Toberer, Eric S.; Zakutayev, Andriy; Tamboli, Adele C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Fioretti, Angela N.; Toberer, Eric S.; Tamboli, Adele C.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Fioretti, AN (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM afiorett@mines.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992900104 ER PT S AU Flicker, J Johnson, J Albers, M Ball, G AF Flicker, Jack Johnson, Jay Albers, Mark Ball, Greg GP IEEE TI Recommendations for Isolation Monitor Ground Fault Detectors on Residential and Utility-Scale PV Systems SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE R-iso; PV safety; series and parallel faults; ground faults AB PV faults have caused rooftop fires in the U.S., Europe, and elsewhere in the world. One prominent cause of past electrical fires was the ground fault detection "blind spot" in fuse-based protection systems uncovered by the Solar America Board for Codes and Standards (SolarABCs) steering committee in 2011. Fortunately, a number of alternatives to ground fault fuses have been identified, but there has been limited adoption and historical use of these technologies in the United States. This paper investigates the efficacy of one of these devices known as isolation monitoring (or isolation resistance monitoring, R-iso) in small (similar to 3kW) and large (similar to 700 kW) arrays. Unfaulted and faulted PV arrays were monitored with R-iso technology and compared to SPICE simulations to recommend appropriate thresholds to the maximize the range of ground faults which could be detected while minimizing unwanted tripping. Based on analytical and computational models, it is impossible to determine a trip threshold that provides fire safety and negates unwanted tripping issues. This paper mathematically demonstrates that appropriate R-iso trip thresholds must be determined on an arrayby-array basis with sufficient leeway by system operators to adjust trip threshold settings for their particular usage cases. C1 [Flicker, Jack; Johnson, Jay] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Albers, Mark] Sunpower Corp, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Ball, Greg] DNV GL Energy, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. RP Flicker, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992903166 ER PT S AU Flicker, J Gonzalez, S AF Flicker, Jack Gonzalez, Sigifredo GP IEEE TI Performance and Reliability of PV Inverter Component and Systems due to Advanced Inverter Functionality SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE Advanced Inverter Functionality; BOS; PV Reliability AB In order to identify reliability issues associated with advanced inverter operation and array states (e.g. volt-VAR control, high DC/AC ratios), we have collected system and component-level electro-thermal information in a controlled laboratory environment under both nominal and advanced functionality operating conditions. The results of advanced functionality operation indicated increased thermal and electrical stress on components, which will have a negative effect on inverter reliability as these functionalities are exercised more frequently in the future. C1 [Flicker, Jack; Gonzalez, Sigifredo] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Flicker, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901161 ER PT S AU France, RM Geisz, JF Garcia, I Steiner, MA McMahon, WE Friedman, DJ Moriarty, TE Osterwald, C Ward, JS Duda, A Young, M Olavarria, WJ AF France, Ryan M. Geisz, John F. Garcia, Ivan Steiner, Myles A. McMahon, William E. Friedman, Daniel J. Moriarty, Tom E. Osterwald, Carl Ward, J. Scott Duda, Anna Young, Michelle Olavarria, Waldo J. GP IEEE TI Design Flexibility of Ultra-High Efficiency 4-Junction Inverted Metamorphic Solar Cells SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE 4-junction solar cells; inverted metamorphic multijunction AB We present recent improvements to the 4-junction inverted metamorphic solar cell. The device now includes a (Ga) InAsP buffer that transitions to lattice constants greater than InP, which allows access to GaInAs subcells with bandgaps <0.74 eV and an additional 2 mA/cm(2) of bottom junction photocurrent at AM1.5D. However, the optimal design depends on the spectrum and operating temperature. We show how the device flexibility can be used to fine-tune the design for various spectra in order to maximize energy yield for a given operating condition. 1-sun devices achieve 35.3% efficiency under the AM0 spectrum and 37.8% efficiency under the global spectrum at 25 degrees C. Concentrator devices achieve 45.7% peak efficiency under 234x the direct spectrum and maintain over 45% efficiency at 700x at 25 degrees C. Other device improvements include a 4-layer antireflection coating with low power loss, and reduced series resistance. C1 [France, Ryan M.; Geisz, John F.; Garcia, Ivan; Steiner, Myles A.; McMahon, William E.; Friedman, Daniel J.; Moriarty, Tom E.; Osterwald, Carl; Ward, J. Scott; Duda, Anna; Young, Michelle; Olavarria, Waldo J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Garcia, Ivan] Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Energia Solar, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP France, RM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992903176 ER PT S AU Fu, R James, TL Chung, D Gagne, D Lopez, A Dobos, A AF Fu, Ran James, Ted L. Chung, Donald Gagne, Douglas Lopez, Anthony Dobos, Aron GP IEEE TI Economic Competitiveness of US Utility-Scale Photovoltaics Systems in 2015: Regional Cost Modeling of Installed Cost ($/W) and LCOE ($/kWh) SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE Balance of system (BoS); bottom-up cost model; LCOE; photovoltaic system cost modeling; PPA; soft cost; solar energy; SunShot; utility-scale PV AB Utility-scale photovoltaics (PV) system growth is largely driven by the economic metrics of total installed costs and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), which differ by region. This study details regional cost factors, including environment (wind speed and snow loads), labor costs, material costs, sales taxes, and permitting costs using a new system-level bottom-up cost modeling approach. We use this model to identify regional all-in PV installed costs for fixed-tilt and one-axis tracker systems in the United States with consideration of union and non-union labor costs in 2015. LCOEs using those regional installed costs are then modeled and spatially presented. Finally, we assess the cost reduction opportunities of increasing module conversion efficiencies on PV system costs in order to indicate the possible economic impacts of module technology advancements and help future research and development (R&D) effects in the context of U.S. SunShot targets. C1 [Fu, Ran; Chung, Donald; Gagne, Douglas; Lopez, Anthony; Dobos, Aron] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [James, Ted L.] Pacific Gas & Elect Co PG&E, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. RP Fu, R (reprint author), NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902221 ER PT S AU Garcia, I France, RM Geisz, JF McMahon, WE Steiner, MA Friedman, DJ AF Garcia, Ivan France, Ryan M. Geisz, John F. McMahon, William E. Steiner, Myles A. Friedman, Daniel J. GP IEEE TI Metamorphic III-V solar cells: recent progress and potential SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE ID THIN AB Metamorphic semiconductor devices are commonly considered to have inferior electronic quality. However, recent development of compositionally graded buffers and junction structures have led to the achievement of high quality metamorphic solar cells exhibiting internal luminescence efficiencies over 90%. Optimizing the optical design of the solar cell becomes important in order to enhance photon recycling and open circuit voltage in these cells. In this paper we first present recent performance results for 1eV and 0.7eV GaInAs solar cells grown on GaAs substrates. Then an electro-optical model is used to assess the potential performance improvements in current metamorphic solar cells under different realizable design scenarios. The results show that significant improvements can be achieved by improving both the electronic quality and optics of these cells. C1 [Garcia, Ivan; France, Ryan M.; Geisz, John F.; McMahon, William E.; Steiner, Myles A.; Friedman, Daniel J.] Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Energia Solar, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Garcia, Ivan] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Garcia, I (reprint author), Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Energia Solar, Avda Complutense S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992903173 ER PT S AU Garcia, I McMahon, WE Habte, A Geisz, JF Steiner, MA Sengupta, M Friedman, DJ AF Garcia, Ivan McMahon, William E. Habte, Aron Geisz, John F. Steiner, Myles A. Sengupta, Manajit Friedman, Daniel J. GP IEEE TI Field Spectra Binning for Energy Production Calculations and Multijunction Solar Cell Design SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE AB Annual spectra sets must be used for accurate energy production prediction and multijunction solar cell design for maximum energy production at a specific site. These spectra sets contain a large quantity of data that is cumbersome to manage during solar cell design calculations and impractical to reproduce in solar simulators for indoor energy production measurements. However, it should be possible to bin together spectra with similar spectral contents, and then use this reduced set with little loss of accuracy. We present two binning algorithms which judiciously bin together similar spectra to create a much smaller "proxy" set, for which the total measurement time, energy production calculation and solar cell optimization decreases to a matter of seconds. These algorithms are assessed against their accuracy in representing the whole spectra sets for solar cell design and energy production prediction. We find that a set of just five spectra fulfills this requirement. In addition, the sets of proxy spectra act as "fingerprints" of specific sites, and provide an efficient and effective way to understand how cell design and performance vary from site to site. Furthermore, the process of reducing a full data set to a few proxy spectra can help assess the quality of the dataset for multijunction applications, and contribute to improvements to the datasets and data collection methods. C1 [Garcia, Ivan] Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Energia Solar, Avda Complutense S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Garcia, Ivan; McMahon, William E.; Habte, Aron; Geisz, John F.; Steiner, Myles A.; Sengupta, Manajit; Friedman, Daniel J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Garcia, I (reprint author), Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Energia Solar, Avda Complutense S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902167 ER PT S AU Gessert, TA Colegrove, E Stafford, B Gao, W Sivananthan, S Kuciauskas, D Moutinho, H Farrell, S Barnes, T AF Gessert, Timothy A. Colegrove, Eric Stafford, Brian Gao, Wei Sivananthan, Siva Kuciauskas, Darius Moutinho, Helio Farrell, Stuart Barnes, Teresa GP IEEE TI Effects of Stoichiometry in Undoped CdTe Heteroepilayers on Si SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE cadmium telluride; characterization; heteroepilayers; photovoltaic device; silicon; stoichiometry ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GROWTH AB Crystalline CdTe layers have been grown heteroepitaxially onto crystalline Si substrates to establish material parameters needed for advanced photovoltaic (PV) device development and related simulation. These studies suggest that additional availability of the intrinsic anion (i.e., Te) during molecular beam epitaxy deposition can improve structural and optoelectronic quality of the epilayer and the interface between Si substrate and the epilayer. This is seen most notably for thin CdTe epitaxial films (< similar to 10 mu m). Although these observations are foundationally important, they are also relevant to envisioned high-performance multijunction II-VI alloy PV devices-where thin layers will be required to achieve production costs aligned with market constraints. C1 [Gessert, Timothy A.; Kuciauskas, Darius; Moutinho, Helio; Farrell, Stuart; Barnes, Teresa] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Colegrove, Eric; Stafford, Brian; Gao, Wei; Sivananthan, Siva] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Gessert, TA (reprint author), NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992903105 ER PT S AU Ginley, DS Perkins, JD AF Ginley, David S. Perkins, John D. GP IEEE TI Opportunities for Improving Photovoltaic Performance with Better Transparent Contacts SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE Transparent Conducting Oxide; TCO; Transparent Conductors; Photovoltaic Cells; Contacts AB NREL and DOE recently held a workshop to assess the challenges, opportunities and potential impacts for improved transparent contacts (TCs) to positively impact current and emerging photovoltaic conversion technologies. Here, we report on the workshop outcomes based on the collective input and participation from industry, academia, national laboratories and DOE. A primary conclusion is that new emerging materials can have significant impacts on the overall performance, reliability and cost for commercial scale PV. One key observation is that TC's should no longer be thought of as a single-layer single-purpose material but as an integrated contact layer stack that includes a charge selective interface layer, a conducting layer and sometimes layers for reliability or light management. In addition, the long standing goal of developing of high performance atmospheric-pressure-processed TCs has finally been met by the rapidly improving Ag nanowire based composites with better than ITO performance from an all ink based process. Even the more conventional metal oxide materials are improving rapidly by introducing solution processed buffer layers, and even conductor layers. This rapid evolution has opened the way to high-throughput low-cost TC processing. Key desired metrics for TCs and approaches to achieving them are discussed. C1 [Ginley, David S.; Perkins, John D.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ginley, DS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992903041 ER PT S AU Gonzalez, S Johnson, J Neely, J AF Gonzalez, Sigifredo Johnson, Jay Neely, Jason GP IEEE TI Electrical Power System Support-Function Capabilities of Residential and Small Commercial Inverters SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE electrical power system; voltage and frequency regulation; test protocol; EPS support functions AB Presently, approximately 20 GW or 2% of the nation's generating capacity comes from solar, and solar penetration is increasing. However, for this trend to continue without adversely affecting electrical power system (EPS) performance, the photovoltaic inverters must participate in voltage-and frequency-regulation requirements. EPS support capabilities under development are the low-thigh-voltage and low-/high-frequency ride through, volt-VAr, frequency-watt, watt-power factor, commanded power factor, commanded power functions, and others. Each of the functions have parameter set points, and most have ramp rates for implementation of the functions as defined in the International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Report 61850-90-7. This paper focuses on methods to quantify EPS support functions for DER certification. Sandia National Laboratories and Underwriters Laboratories, in collaboration with industry stakeholders, have developed a draft test protocol that efficiently and effectively evaluates support-function capabilities. This paper describes the functions, their intended use, and results of EPS support functions in a controlled laboratory environment. C1 [Gonzalez, Sigifredo; Johnson, Jay; Neely, Jason] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gonzalez, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992903018 ER PT S AU Grover, S Li, JV AF Grover, Sachit Li, Jian V. GP IEEE TI Theory and analysis of temperature coefficient of open-circuit voltage (dV(OC)/dT) in heterojunction solar cells SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE Temperature dependence; open circuit voltage; heterojunction; solar cells; recombination ID DEPENDENCE AB Performance of solar cells and modules at operating temperature relative to standard test conditions is primarily determined by the temperature dependence of V-OC. Usually this dependence is analyzed by applying a simplistic semi-analytical equation to experimental data without complete understanding of the underlying mechanisms that affect the temperature coefficient dV(OC)/dT (V-OC'). Unanswered questions related to the temperature dependence include: separating the contribution of interface vs. absorber recombination towards V-OC', temperature coefficient comparison of homojunction vs. heterojunction silicon solar cells, and dependence of V-OC' on inversion strength in heterojunction cells. We derive an analytical equation that provides the explicit dependence of V-OC' on the material parameters and the strength of recombination. The role of recombination in different regions of the cell is exemplified by comparing two CuInGaSe devices with different bandgaps. C1 [Grover, Sachit] Scifiniti Inc, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. [Li, Jian V.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Grover, S (reprint author), First Solar, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901222 ER PT S AU Gu, T Agrawal, G Vessey, A Sweatt, WC Jared, BH Cruz-Campa, JL Goeke, R Miller, WK Zamora, DL Langlois, E Okandan, M Nielson, GN Haney, MW AF Gu, Tian Agrawal, Gautam Vessey, Alyssa Sweatt, William C. Jared, Bradley H. Cruz-Campa, Jose Luis Goeke, Ronald Miller, William K. Zamora, David L. Langlois, Eric Okandan, Murat Nielson, Gregory N. Haney, Michael W. GP IEEE TI Micro-concentrator Module for Microsystems-enabled Photovoltaics: Optical Performance Characterization, Modelling and Analysis SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE solar energy; microoptics; photovoltaic systems; CPV modules; CPV systems; concentrated photovoltaics AB Prototype micro-concentrating optical modules developed for Microsystems-Enabled Photovoltaics (MEPV) were characterized, modelled, and analyzed. Laboratory and field tests were performed to evaluate the optical performance of the modules. An optical simulation model was constructed based on measured sub-component and material properties, showing a good agreement with on-sun experimental results. Performance of a fully-packaged module integrating 100X micro-scale solar cells (similar to 250 mu m in diameter) was characterized and projected based on experimental and simulation results. Characterization results and analyses indicate that the micro-concentrator module developed provide desirable performance while maintaining a compact physical profile. The development of a next generation micro-concentrator module is also described. C1 [Gu, Tian; Agrawal, Gautam; Vessey, Alyssa; Haney, Michael W.] Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Sweatt, William C.; Jared, Bradley H.; Cruz-Campa, Jose Luis; Goeke, Ronald; Miller, William K.; Zamora, David L.; Langlois, Eric; Okandan, Murat; Nielson, Gregory N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gu, T (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902143 ER PT S AU Hacke, P Burton, P Hendrickson, A Spataru, S Glick, S Terwilliger, K AF Hacke, Peter Burton, Patrick Hendrickson, Alex Spataru, Sergiu Glick, Stephen Terwilliger, Kent GP IEEE TI Effects of Photovoltaic Module Soiling on Glass Surface Resistance and Potential-Induced Degradation SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE dust; photovoltaic modules; potential-induced degradation; sea salt; soiling; soot; surface resistance ID CRYSTALLINE SILICON MODULES AB The sheet resistance of three soil types (Arizona road dust, soot, and sea salt) on glass were measured by the transmission line method as a function of relative humidity (RH) between 39% and 95% at 60 degrees C. Sea salt yielded a 3.5 orders of magnitude decrease in resistance on the glass surface when the RH was increased over this RH range. Arizona road dust showed reduced sheet resistance at lower RH, but with less humidity sensitivity over the range tested. The soot sample did not show significant resistivity change compared to the unsoiled control. Photovoltaic modules with sea salt on their faces were step-stressed between 25% and 95% RH at 60 degrees C applying -1000 V bias to the active cell circuit. Leakage current from the cell circuit to ground ranged between two and ten times higher than that of the unsoiled controls. Degradation rate of modules with salt on the surface increased with increasing RH and time. C1 [Hacke, Peter; Glick, Stephen; Terwilliger, Kent] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Burton, Patrick; Hendrickson, Alex] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Spataru, Sergiu] Aalborg Univ, Aalborg, Denmark. RP Hacke, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992900121 ER PT S AU Hacke, P Spataru, S Terwilliger, K Perrin, G Glick, S Kurtz, S Wohlgemuth, J AF Hacke, Peter Spataru, Sergiu Terwilliger, Kent Perrin, Greg Glick, Stephen Kurtz, Sarah Wohlgemuth, John GP IEEE TI Accelerated Testing and Modeling of Potential-Induced Degradation as a Function of Temperature and Relative Humidity SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE photovoltaic modules; potential-induced degradation; silicon; solar cells ID SYSTEM VOLTAGE STRESS; MODULES AB An acceleration model based on the Peck equation was applied to power performance of crystalline silicon cell modules as a function of time and of temperature and humidity, the two main environmental stress factors that promote potential-induced degradation. This model was derived from module power degradation data obtained semi-continuously and statistically by in-situ dark current-voltage measurements in an environmental chamber. The modeling enables prediction of degradation rates and times as functions of temperature and humidity. Power degradation could be modeled linearly as a function of time to the second power; additionally, we found that coulombs transferred from the active cell circuit to ground during the stress test is approximately linear with time. Therefore, the power loss could be linearized as a function of coulombs squared. With this result, we observed that when the module face was completely grounded with a condensed phase conductor, leakage current exceeded the anticipated corresponding degradation rate relative to the other tests performed in damp heat. C1 [Hacke, Peter; Terwilliger, Kent; Perrin, Greg; Glick, Stephen; Kurtz, Sarah; Wohlgemuth, John] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Spataru, Sergiu] Aalborg Univ, Aalborg, Denmark. RP Hacke, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992900037 ER PT S AU Haegel, NM Ke, CW Taha, H Guthrey, H Fetzer, CM King, R AF Haegel, N. M. Ke, Chi-Wen Taha, Hesham Guthrey, Harvey Fetzer, C. M. King, Richard GP IEEE TI Cross-sectional Transport Imaging in a Multijunction Solar Cell SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE cathodoluminescence; diffusion; luminescent coupling; multijunction solar cell; transport imaging ID EFFICIENCY AB Combining highly localized electron-beam excitation at a point with the spatial resolution capability of optical near-field imaging, we have imaged carrier transport in a cross-sectioned multijunction (GaInP/GaInAs/Ge) solar cell. We image energy transport associated with carrier diffusion throughout the full width of the middle (GaInAs) cell and luminescent coupling from point excitation in the top cell GaInP to the middle cell. Supporting cathodoluminescence and near-field photoluminescence measurements demonstrate excitation-dependent Fermi level splitting effects that influence cross-sectioned spectroscopy results as well as transport limitations on the spatial resolution of cross-sectional measurements. C1 [Haegel, N. M.; Guthrey, Harvey] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Ke, Chi-Wen] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Taha, Hesham] Nanon Imaging Ltd, Jerusalem, Israel. [Fetzer, C. M.; King, Richard] Boeing Spectrolab, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. RP Haegel, NM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902160 ER PT S AU Hansen, CW Klise, KA Stein, JS AF Hansen, Clifford W. Klise, Katherine A. Stein, Joshua S. GP IEEE TI Data Requirements for Calibration of Photovoltaic System Models Using Monitored System Data SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE data sufficiency; monitored system data; photovoltaic; system performance AB Performance models for photovoltaic modules are traditionally calibrated from measurements of module output under carefully controlled indoor or outdoor conditions. Recently Sandia National Laboratories has published methods to obtain performance model parameters from measured output of modules outdoors on fixed tilt racks. Here we investigate the dependence of a model's prediction accuracy on the amount of data used to calibrate the model's parameters. We find that performance models with acceptable accuracy can be obtained from relatively limited data sets. C1 [Hansen, Clifford W.; Klise, Katherine A.; Stein, Joshua S.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hansen, CW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902133 ER PT S AU He, XQ Ercius, P Bailey, J Zapalac, G Mackie, N Bayman, A Varley, J Lordi, V Rockett, A AF He, Xiaoqing Ercius, Peter Bailey, Jeff Zapalac, Geordie Mackie, Neil Bayman, Atiye Varley, Joel Lordi, Vincenzo Rockett, Angus GP IEEE TI Cu rich domains and secondary phases in PVD-CdS/PVD-CuIn1-xGaSe2 heterojunctions SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 photovoltaics; CdS Structure; transmission electron microscopy; STEM-EDS mapping ID FILM SOLAR-CELLS; CDS AB The Cu migration behavior in PVD-CdS/PVD-Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS) heterojunctions is investigated by high resolution electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping. The incorporation of Cu into CdS forms Cu-rich domains in the CdS across the heterojunction and has no effect on epitaxy of the CdS film, which is commonly observed in the materials studied. In some cases Cd is completely replaced by Cu, resulting in a Cu-S binary compound epitaxially grown on the CIGS and fully coherent with the surrounding CdS, which is most likely cubic Cu2S by lattice spacing measurement from HREM images and EDS elemental quantification. The presence of a binary Cu-S phase as a heterojunction partner material may have significant impact on the resulting device performance although only modest loss of V-OC occurs in the devices studied. C1 [He, Xiaoqing; Rockett, Angus] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ercius, Peter] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bailey, Jeff; Zapalac, Geordie; Mackie, Neil; Bayman, Atiye] MiaSole Hitech, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. [Varley, Joel; Lordi, Vincenzo] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP He, XQ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992903151 ER PT S AU Holmgren, WF Andrews, RW Lorenzo, AT Stein, JS AF Holmgren, William F. Andrews, Robert W. Lorenzo, Antonio T. Stein, Joshua S. GP IEEE TI PVLIB Python 2015 SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE data analysis; performance modeling; PV modeling; software AB We describe improvements to the open source PVLIB-Python modeling package. PVLIB-Python provides most of the functionality of its parent PVLIB-MATLAB package and now follows standard Python design patterns and conventions, has improved unit test coverage, and is installable. PVLIBPython is hosted on GitHub. com and co-developed by GitHub contributors. We also describe a roadmap for the future of the PVLIB-Python package. C1 [Holmgren, William F.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Andrews, Robert W.] Heliolytics, Toronto, ON M5G2C9, Canada. [Lorenzo, Antonio T.] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Stein, Joshua S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Holmgren, WF (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901188 ER PT S AU Horowitz, KAW Woodhouse, M AF Horowitz, Kelsey A. W. Woodhouse, Michael GP IEEE TI Cost and Potential of Monolithic CIGS Photovoltaic Modules SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE CIGS; co-evaporation; cost analysis; LCOE; photovoltaic; roadmap; solar; thin-film ID CU(IN,GA)SE-2 SOLAR-CELLS AB A bottom-up cost analysis of monolithic, glass-glass Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)(2) (CIGS) modules is presented, illuminating current cost drivers for this technology and possible pathways to reduced cost. At 14% module efficiency, for the case of U.S. manufacturing, a manufacturing cost of $0.56/W-DC and a minimum sustainable price of $0.72/W-DC were calculated. Potential for reduction in manufacturing costs to below $0.40/W-DC in the long-term may be possible if module efficiency can be increased without significant increase in $/m(2) costs. The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) in Phoenix, AZ under different conditions is assessed and compared to standard c-Si. C1 [Horowitz, Kelsey A. W.; Woodhouse, Michael] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Horowitz, KAW (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901143 ER PT S AU Jiang, CS Yang, M Zhou, Y To, B Nanayakkara, S Luther, J Zhou, W Berry, JJ Van de Lagemaat, J Padture, NP Zhu, K Al-Jassim, MM AF Jiang, C. -S. Yang, M. Zhou, Y. To, B. Nanayakkara, S. Luther, J. Zhou, W. Berry, J. J. Van de Lagemaat, J. Padture, N. P. Zhu, K. Al-Jassim, M. M. GP IEEE TI Real-Space Distributions of Electrical Potential in Planar and Porous Perovskite Solar Cells: Carrier Separation and Transport SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE C1 [Jiang, C. -S.; Yang, M.; To, B.; Nanayakkara, S.; Luther, J.; Berry, J. J.; Van de Lagemaat, J.; Zhu, K.; Al-Jassim, M. M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Zhou, Y.; Padture, N. P.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Zhou, W.] Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Jiang, CS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992900028 ER PT S AU Johnson, J Armijo, KM Avrutsky, M Eizips, D Kondrashov, S AF Johnson, Jay Armijo, Kenneth M. Avrutsky, Modi Eizips, Daniel Kondrashov, Sergey GP IEEE TI Arc-Fault Unwanted Tripping Survey with UL 1699B-Listed Products SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE photovoltaic systems; arc-fault detection; unwanted tripping; AFD; AFCI; safety AB Since adoption of the 2011 National Electrical Code (R), many photovoltaic (PV) direct current (DC) arc-fault circuit interrupters (AFCIs) and arc-fault detectors (AFDs) have been introduced into the PV market. To meet the Code requirements, these products must be listed to Underwriters Laboratories (UL) 1699B Outline of Investigation. The UL 1699B test sequence was designed to ensure basic arc-fault detection capabilities with resistance to unwanted tripping; however, field experiences with AFCIIAFD devices have shown mixed results. In this investigation, independent laboratory tests were performed with UL-listed, UL-recognized, and prototype AFCI/AFDs to reveal any limitations with state-of-the-art arc-fault detection products. By running AFCIs and stand-alone AFDs through realistic tests beyond the UL 1699B requirements, many products were found to be sensitive to unwanted tripping or were ineffective at detecting harmful arc-fault events. Based on these findings, additional experiments are encouraged for inclusion in the AFCIIAFD design process and the certification standard to improve products entering the market. C1 [Johnson, Jay; Armijo, Kenneth M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Avrutsky, Modi; Eizips, Daniel; Kondrashov, Sergey] Tigo Energy, Los Gatos, CA 95032 USA. RP Johnson, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992903164 ER PT S AU Johnston, S AF Johnston, Steve GP IEEE TI Contactless Electroluminescence Imaging for Cell and Module Characterization SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE electroluminescence; imaging; photovoltaic cells; photovoltaic systems; reliability; silicon; solar energy; solar power generation AB Module performance can be characterized by imaging using baseline and periodic images to track defects and degradation. Both thermal images, which can be acquired during sunny operating conditions, and photoluminescence images, which could be acquired at night, can be collected without electrical connection. Electroluminescence (EL) images, which are useful to detect many types of defects such as cracks, interconnect and solder faults, and resistances, have typically required electrical connection to drive current in the cells and modules. Here, a contactless EL imaging technique is proposed, which provides an EL image without the need for electrical connection to drive current through the module. Such EL imaging has the capability to be collected at night without disruption to daytime power generation. C1 [Johnston, Steve] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Johnston, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992903160 ER PT S AU Johnston, S Motz, AA Moore, J Zheng, M Javey, A Bermel, P AF Johnston, Steve Motz, Alyssa Allende Moore, James Zheng, Maxwell Javey, Ali Bermel, Peter GP IEEE TI Photoluminescence Imaging Characterization of Thin-Film InP SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE charge carrier lifetime; grain boundaries; imaging; indium phosphide; photoconductivity; photoluminescence; photovoltaic cells ID SURFACE-RECOMBINATION VELOCITY; LIFETIME AB Indium phosphide grown using a novel vapor-liquid-solid method is a promising low-cost material for III-V single-junction photovoltaics. In this work, we characterize the properties of these materials using photoluminescence (PL) imaging, time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL), and microwave-reflection photoconductive decay (mu-PCD). PL image data clearly shows the emergence of a self-similar dendritic growth network from nucleation sites, while zoomed-in images show grain structure and grain boundaries. Single photon TRPL data shows initial surface-dominated recombination, while two-photon excitation TRPL shows a lifetime of 10 ns. Bulk carrier lifetime may be as long as 35 ns as measured by mu-PCD, which can be less sensitive to surface recombination. C1 [Johnston, Steve; Motz, Alyssa Allende] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Motz, Alyssa Allende] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Moore, James; Bermel, Peter] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Zheng, Maxwell; Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Johnston, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902161 ER PT S AU Johnston, S Motz, AA Reese, MO Burst, JM Metzger, WK AF Johnston, Steve Motz, Alyssa Allende Reese, Matthew O. Burst, James M. Metzger, Wyatt K. GP IEEE TI Photoluminescence Imaging of Large-Grain CdTe for Grain Boundary Characterization SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE cadmium compounds; charge carrier lifetime; grain boundaries; imaging; photoluminescence; photovoltaic cells; tellurium AB In this work, we use photoluminescence (PL) imaging to characterize CdTe grain boundary recombination. We use a silicon megapixel camera and green (532 nm) laser diodes for excitation. A microscope objective lens system is used for high spatial resolution and a field of view down to 190 mu m x 190 mu m. PL images of large-grain (5 to 50 mu m) CdTe samples show grain boundary and grain interior features that vary with processing conditions. PL images of samples in the as-deposited state show distinct dark grain boundaries that suggest high excess carrier recombination. A CdCl2 treatment leads to PL images with very little distinction at the grain boundaries, which illustrates the grain boundary passivation properties. Other process conditions are also shown, along with comparisons of PL images to high spatial resolution time-resolved PL carrier lifetime maps. C1 [Johnston, Steve; Motz, Alyssa Allende; Reese, Matthew O.; Burst, James M.; Metzger, Wyatt K.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Motz, Alyssa Allende] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Johnston, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901204 ER PT S AU Jones, CB Stein, JS Gonzalez, S King, BH AF Jones, C. Birk Stein, Joshua S. Gonzalez, Sigifredo King, Bruce H. GP IEEE TI Photovoltaic System Fault Detection and Diagnostics using Laterally Primed Adaptive Resonance Theory Neural Network SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE artificial neural networks; photovoltaic systems; fault detection ID ARCHITECTURE AB Cost effective integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems requires increased reliability. This can be achieved with a robust fault detection and diagnostic (FDD) tool that automatically discovers faults. This paper introduces the Laterally Primed Adaptive Resonance Theory (LAPART) artificial neural network to perform this task. The present work tested the algorithm on actual and synthetic data to assess its potential for wide spread implementation. The tests were conducted on a PV system located in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The system was composed of 14 modules arranged in a configuration that produced a maximum power of 3.7kW. The LAPART algorithm learned system behavior quickly, and detected module level faults with minimal error. C1 [Jones, C. Birk; Stein, Joshua S.; Gonzalez, Sigifredo; King, Bruce H.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jones, CB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901017 ER PT S AU Kanevce, A Moseley, J Kuciauskas, D Al-Jassim, M Metzger, WK AF Kanevce, Ana Moseley, John Kuciauskas, Darius Al-Jassim, Mowafak Metzger, Wyatt K. GP IEEE TI Quantitative determination of grain boundary recombination velocity in CdTe by combination of cathodoluminescence measurements and numerical simulations SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE CdTe; grain boundaries; cathodoluminescence; numerical simulations AB We developed a 2D numerical model simulating cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements in CdTe. Using this model we analyze how various material parameters impact the CL contrast and intensity observed in the measured signal, and determine if and when we can accurately determine the value of grain boundary recombination rate. In addition to grain boundary (GB) recombination, the grain size and its ratio to the carrier diffusion length impact the results of the measurement. Holding the grain interior and GB recombination rates constant, we find that as the grain size increases and becomes larger than the diffusion length, the observed CL contrast is larger. In a small grain size material the surface recombination lowers the overall intensity of the signal, but does not impact the observed contrast significantly. In a large grain size material, high surface recombination velocity can lower the observed contrast in a measurement. This model in combination with an experiment is used to quantify the grain boundary recombination velocity in polycrystalline CdTe before and after the CdCl2 treatment. C1 [Kanevce, Ana; Moseley, John; Kuciauskas, Darius; Al-Jassim, Mowafak; Metzger, Wyatt K.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Moseley, John] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kanevce, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992900064 ER PT S AU Katiraei, F Mather, B Momeni, A Yu, L Sanchez, G AF Katiraei, Farid Mather, Barry Momeni, Ahmadreza Yu, Li Sanchez, Gerardo GP IEEE TI Field Verification and Data Analysis of High PV Penetration Impacts on Distribution Systems SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE power distribution systems; PV integration impact study; power quality in feeders; analysis of field data AB This paper describes a methodology for field evaluation of large PV system impacts on distribution systems based on data collected from several phasor measurement devices deployed on two distribution feeders. The method utilizes a series of performance indicators and pattern trending approaches to process large amounts of granular data gathered from fielded data acquisition instruments (1 second GPS time-synchronized phasor measurements). A summary of key observations and findings from data analysis approach and field verified effects are provided in the paper to explain key operational concerns and future design challenges. The approach mainly focuses on analysis of voltage and current profiles of distribution feeders at primary feeder level (e.g. 12 kV) for various daily and seasonal conditions to identify and evaluate events with adverse power quality impacts. Event categories are proposed and used to classify types of events based on the level of severity in the range or rate of voltage or frequency variations. The proposed approach was proven to be very effective to investigate field issues and to capture events. C1 [Katiraei, Farid; Momeni, Ahmadreza; Yu, Li; Sanchez, Gerardo] Quanta Technol, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Mather, Barry] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Katiraei, F (reprint author), Quanta Technol, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902215 ER PT S AU Katz, D van Haaren, R Fthenakis, V AF Katz, Daniel van Haaren, Rob Fthenakis, Vasilis GP IEEE TI Applications and Economics of Combined PV and Battery Systems for Commercial & Industrial Peak Shifting SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE battery storage; photovoltaics; peak shifting; peak smoothing; demand charge; rate structure; battery economics; Pacific Gas & Electric; Connecticut Light & Power AB In this study, combined PV and battery systems were designed based on typical load profiles for nine commercial and industrial (C&I) end-users. The battery systems were used to manage monthly utility demand charges. Our model optimizes battery capacity and PV charging, with the objective of minimizing monthly peak energy demand charges. We demonstrate system performance within the utility territories of Connecticut Light and Power and California's Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E). The cross comparison between California and Connecticut illustrates the effects of varying rate structures and solar potential on the value of energy storage systems. Our research demonstrates that adding battery storage is economically viable, without subsidies, at current prices in California. By 2025 battery storage is anticipated to allow for significant economic and operational benefit in California and to reach viability in Connecticut. We find substantial synergies when combining PV and battery, compared to each system separately. C1 [Katz, Daniel; Fthenakis, Vasilis] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10025 USA. [van Haaren, Rob] First Solar, Bridgewater, NJ 08807 USA. [Fthenakis, Vasilis] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Katz, D (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10025 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902162 ER PT S AU Kelly, G Haring, A Spooner, T Ball, G Kurtz, S AF Kelly, George Haering, Adrian Spooner, Ted Ball, Greg Kurtz, Sarah GP IEEE TI Ensuring the reliability of PV systems through the formation of the IECRE Conformity Assessment System and the development of new International Standards SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE conformity assessment; installation; operation; PV systems; qualification; standards AB One of the key issues facing the PV industry, and renewable energy in general, is the need to assure investors of the value of their system. As one means of accomplishing this goal, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has established a new system for conformity assessments of renewable energy projects (IECRE). An important activity supporting the new IECRE system is the development of new international or national standards to be used as the basis for conformity assessments. This paper presents a summary of IECRE activities to date, a review of gaps where new standards are needed, and the latest status of efforts to fill these gaps. C1 [Kelly, George] Sunset Technol, Mt Airy, MD USA. [Haering, Adrian] SolarEdge Technol, Munich, Germany. [Spooner, Ted] UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Ball, Greg] DNV GL, Oakland, CA USA. [Kurtz, Sarah] NREL, Golden, CO USA. RP Kelly, G (reprint author), Sunset Technol, Mt Airy, MD USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992903163 ER PT S AU Kempe, MD Nobles, DL Weigel, MD Nachtigal, AK Roehrig, MA Berniard, TJ Spagnola, JC Schubert, CM AF Kempe, Michael D. Nobles, Dylan L. Weigel, Mark D. Nachtigal, Alan K. Roehrig, Mark A. Berniard, Tracie J. Spagnola, Joseph C. Schubert, Charlene M. GP IEEE TI Evaluation of the Durability of Flexible Barrier Materials SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE Flexible; Barrier; Thin Film; Durability; Reliability; Weathering; Prediction AB To enable the production of lightweight photovoltaic modules, it is desired to use thin film absorbers on metal substrates in a flexible package. To do this with a polymer based frontsheet, it is estimated that a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) less than 10(-4) g/m(2)/day must be achieved and maintained through the expected life of the module. Barrier-frontsheet films have been developed at 3M with very low permeation rates and evaluated for their long term durability with respect to WVTR and optical transmittance. After exposure to 2500 h of 10 UV suns at 105 degrees C, one design was found which experienced negligible loss in optical transmission while maintaining a WVTR well below the required 10(-4) g/m(2)/day. Further accelerated tests were conducted at different stress levels. For some less durable designs we were able to obtain degradation acceleration factors suggesting the highest exposure was equal to between 4.4 and 10 y on a roof. C1 [Kempe, Michael D.; Nobles, Dylan L.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Weigel, Mark D.; Nachtigal, Alan K.; Roehrig, Mark A.; Berniard, Tracie J.; Spagnola, Joseph C.; Schubert, Charlene M.] 3M Co, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. RP Kempe, MD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992900015 ER PT S AU King, B TamizhMani, G Tatapudi, S Rajasekar, V Boppana, S AF King, B. TamizhMani, G. Tatapudi, S. Rajasekar, V. Boppana, S. GP IEEE TI Regional Soiling Stations for PV: Design, Calibration and Installation SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE angle of incidence; soiling; soiling monitoring; tilt angle vs. soiling AB Soiling rate (g/m(2)/day) and daily/annual soiling loss (%) of photovoltaic (PV) modules are primarily influenced by climatic condition of the site and tilt angle of PV modules. Therefore, for all the performance and energy prediction models used by the industry, accurate climate-specific and tilt-angle-specific soiling rate and daily/annual soiling loss data are needed. The primary focus of this work is to demonstrate the effectiveness of regional soiling stations designed to systematically collect this data and they are deployed in five regions in the United States. This paper presents information on the design, calibration and installation of soiling stations. Four of the sites are at the U.S. Department of Energy Regional Test Centers (RTC) in Albuquerque, NM; Golden, CO; Cocoa Beach, FL; and Essex Junction, VT, while a fifth site is in Mesa, AZ. Each soiling station is equipped with a data acquisition system and 10 laminated coupons tilted at angles of 0 degrees, 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 15 degrees, 20 degrees, 25 degrees, 30 degrees, 35 degrees, 40 degrees. Each coupon contains two identical half-cells cut from a single monocrystalline silicon cell. In this test setup, the right half-cell is periodically cleaned and left half-cell is allowed to soil naturally so the above stated data can be collected throughout the year. C1 [King, B.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [TamizhMani, G.; Tatapudi, S.; Rajasekar, V.; Boppana, S.] ASU PRL, Mesa, AZ USA. RP King, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901157 ER PT S AU King, BH Riley, D Robinson, CD Pratt, L AF King, Bruce H. Riley, Daniel Robinson, Charles D. Pratt, Larry GP IEEE TI Recent Advancements in Outdoor Measurement Techniques for Angle of Incidence Effects SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE angle of incidence; diffuse irradiance; incident angle modifier; outdoor testing; PV modules; pyranometer calibration ID MODULES; SENSORS AB Reflection losses from a PV module become increasingly pronounced at solar incident angles >60 degrees. However, accurate measurement in this region can be problematic due to tracker articulation limits and irradiance reference device calibration. We present the results of a measurement method enabling modules to be tested over the full range of 0-90 degrees by articulating the tracker in elevation only. This facilitates the use of a shaded pyranometer to make a direct measurement of the diffuse component, reducing measurement uncertainty. We further present the results of a real-time intercomparison performed by two independent test facilities similar to 10 km apart. C1 [King, Bruce H.; Riley, Daniel; Robinson, Charles D.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Pratt, Larry] CFV Solar Test Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP King, BH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901032 ER PT S AU Kinsey, GS AF Kinsey, Geoffrey S. GP IEEE TI Spectrum Sensitivity, Energy Yield, and Revenue Prediction of PV and CPV Modules SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE III-V multijunction; CPV; spectrum; energy yield; energy prediction ID DIRECT SOLAR TRANSMITTANCE; BROAD-BAND MODELS; IRRADIANCE PREDICTIONS; EFFICIENCY; CELLS; PERFORMANCE; JUNCTION AB Impact on module performance of spectral irradiance variation has been determined for III-V multijunctions compared against the four most common flat-plate module types (cadmium telluride, multicrystalline silicon, copper indium gallium selenide, and monocrystalline silicon. Hour-by-hour representative spectra were generated using atmospheric variables for Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. Convolution with published values for external quantum efficiency gave the predicted current output. When combined with specifications of commercial PV modules, energy yield and revenue were predicted. This approach provides a means for optimizing PV module design based on various site-specific temporal variables. C1 [Kinsey, Geoffrey S.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Kinsey, GS (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901033 ER PT S AU Klise, KA Hansen, CW Stein, JS AF Klise, Katherine A. Hansen, Clifford W. Stein, Joshua S. GP IEEE TI Dependence on Geographic Location of Air Mass Modifiers For Photovoltaic Module Performance Models SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE air mass modifier; monitored system data; photovoltaic; solar spectrum; system performance ID SOLAR IRRADIANCE; VALIDATION AB Air mass modifiers are frequently used to represent the effects of solar spectrum on PV module current. Existing PV module performance models assume a single empirical expression, a polynomial in air mass, for all locations and times. In this paper, air mass modifiers are estimated for several modules of different types from IV curves measured with the modules at fixed orientation in three climatically different locations around the United States. Systematic variation is found in the effect of solar spectrum on PV module current that is not well approximated by the standard air mass modifier polynomial. C1 [Klise, Katherine A.; Hansen, Clifford W.; Stein, Joshua S.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Klise, KA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901122 ER PT S AU Koehl, M Ballion, A Lee, YH Wu, HS Scott, K Glick, S Hacke, P Koo, HJ AF Koehl, Michael Ballion, Amal Lee, Yu-Hsien Wu, Hung-Sen Scott, Kurt Glick, Stephen Hacke, Peter Koo, Hyun Jin GP IEEE TI Ultraviolet Radiation Round-Robin Testing of Various Backsheets for Photovoltaic Modules SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE accelerated durability testing; backsheet; PV-modules; ultraviolet radiation AB Durability testing of materials exposed to natural weathering requires testing of the ultraviolet (UV) stability, especially for polymeric materials. The type approval testing of photovoltaic (PV) modules according to standards IEC 61215 and IEC 61646, which includes a so-called UV preconditioning test with a total UV dose of 15 kWh/m(2), does not correspond to the real loads during lifetime. Between 3%-10% of the UV radiation has to be in the spectral range between 280 and 320 nm (UV-B) in the recent editions of the standards. However, the spectral distribution of the radiation source is very important because different samples show very individual spectral sensitivity for the radiation offered. Less than 6% of the intensity of solar radiation exists in the UV range. In the case of an increase of the intensity of the light source for accelerating the UV test, overheating of the samples would have to be prevented more rigorously and the temperature of the samples have to be measured to avoid misinterpretation of the test results.. C1 [Koehl, Michael; Ballion, Amal] Fraunhofer Inst Solare Energiesyst ISE, Heidenhofstr 2, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany. [Lee, Yu-Hsien; Wu, Hung-Sen] Ind Technol Res Inst, Ctr Measurement Stand, Hsinchu 310, Taiwan. [Scott, Kurt] Atlas Mat Testing Technol LLC, Mt Prospect, IL 60056 USA. [Glick, Stephen; Hacke, Peter] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Koo, Hyun Jin] FITI Testing & Res Inst, 102 Jeongneungcheon Ro, Seoul 130864, South Korea. RP Koehl, M (reprint author), Fraunhofer Inst Solare Energiesyst ISE, Heidenhofstr 2, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany. EM michael.koehl@ise.fraunhofer.de NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992900013 ER PT S AU Kurtz, S Sample, T Wohlgemuth, J Zhou, W Bosco, N Althaus, J Phillips, N Deceglie, M Flueckiger, C Hacke, P Miller, D Kempe, M Yamamichi, M Kondo, M AF Kurtz, Sarah Sample, Tony Wohlgemuth, John Zhou, Wei Bosco, Nick Althaus, Joerg Phillips, Nancy Deceglie, Michael Flueckiger, Chris Hacke, Peter Miller, David Kempe, Michael Yamamichi, Masaaki Kondo, Michio GP IEEE TI Moving Toward Quantifying Reliability - The Next Step in a Rapidly Maturing PV Industry SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE photovoltaic module; reliability; service life prediction; PV system performance ID PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES; DEGRADATION AB Some may say that PV modules are moving toward being a simple commodity, but most major PV customers ask: "How can I minimize chances of a module recall?" Or, "How can I quantify the added value of a 'premium' module?" Or, "How can I assess the value of an old PV system that I'm thinking of purchasing?" These are all questions that PVQAT (the International PV Quality Assurance Task Force) and partner organizations are working to answer. Defining standard methods for ensuring minimal acceptable quality of PV modules, differentiating modules that provide added value in the toughest of environments, and creating a process (e.g. through IECRE [1]) that can follow a PV system from design through installation and operation are tough tasks, but having standard approaches for these will increase confidence, reduce costs, and be a critical foundation of a mature PV industry. This paper summarizes current needs for new tests, some challenges for defining those tests, and some of the key efforts toward development of international standards, emphasizing that meaningful quantification of reliability (as in defining a service life prediction) must be done in the context of a specific product with design parameters defined through a quality management system. C1 [Kurtz, Sarah; Wohlgemuth, John; Bosco, Nick; Deceglie, Michael; Hacke, Peter; Miller, David; Kempe, Michael] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Sample, Tony] JRC, European Commiss, Ispra, Italy. [Zhou, Wei] Trina Solar, Changzhou, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Althaus, Joerg] TUV Rheinland eV, Cologne, Germany. [Phillips, Nancy] 3M, St Paul, MN USA. [Flueckiger, Chris] UL, Northbrook, IL USA. [Yamamichi, Masaaki; Kondo, Michio] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Kurtz, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992900224 ER PT S AU Lave, M Ellis, A Nail, G AF Lave, Matthew Ellis, Abraham Nail, George GP IEEE TI Solar Power Simulations for a Renewable Integration Study In New Mexico Using Sparse Input Data SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE solar energy; photovoltaics; grid integration AB Since solar PV power generation is growing rapidly, it is important to accurately model solar power production in renewable generation integration studies which look at the impact of variable renewable generation on electric grid operations. However, solar irradiance or power measurements are often sparse both spatially and temporally, making it difficult to simulate PV power output. Here, we describe the technique used to simulate generation from up to 40 utility-scale PV plants and 9 areas of distributed PV in the state of New Mexico given only five hourly irradiance measurements plus a sixth irradiance measurement at 1-minute resolution that was used as a lookup library. Spatial smoothing based on the plant size was applied, then this area-average irradiance was converted to PV power output using irradiance to power models. In this way, PV power output profiles for each location, and for the aggregate of all locations, were produced and supplied to the integration study. Also for use in the study, day-ahead solar power output forecasts were created by adding errors representative of the current state of solar forecasting to the actual power output values. C1 [Lave, Matthew] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Ellis, Abraham] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Nail, George] Publ Serv Co New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Lave, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902212 ER PT S AU Lave, M Reno, MJ Stein, J Smith, R AF Lave, Matthew Reno, Matthew J. Stein, Joshua Smith, Ryan GP IEEE TI Low-Cost Solar Variability Sensors for Ubiquitous Deployment SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE solar energy; solar variability; photovoltaics; grid integration ID IRRADIANCE VARIABILITY AB To address the lack of knowledge of local solar variability, we have developed, deployed, and demonstrated the value of data collected from a low-cost solar variability sensor. While most currently used solar irradiance sensors are expensive pyranometers with high accuracy (relevant for annual energy estimates), low-cost sensors display similar precision (relevant for solar variability) as high-cost pyranometers, even if they are not as accurate. In this work, we list variability sensor requirements, describe testing of various low-cost sensor components, present a validation of an alpha prototype, and show how the variability sensor collected data can be used for grid integration studies. The variability sensor will enable a greater understanding of local solar variability, which will reduce developer and utility uncertainty about the impact of solar photovoItaic installations and thus will encourage greater penetrations of solar energy. C1 [Lave, Matthew] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Reno, Matthew J.; Stein, Joshua] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Smith, Ryan] Pordis LLC, Austin, TX 78729 USA. RP Lave, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902131 ER PT S AU Libby, C Kurtz, S Coley, S AF Libby, Cara Kurtz, Sarah Coley, Steven GP IEEE TI Field Testing of Flat-Plate and Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems at the Solar Technology Acceleration Center SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE photovoltaics; CPV; SolarTAC; seasonal effects; snow effects; nameplate rating; reliability AB Eight flat-plate photovoltaic (PV) systems and two concentrator PV (CPV) systems are undergoing side-by-side field testing at the Solar Technology Acceleration Center in Colorado, USA. Comparative analysis reveals operational differences due to technology attributes, site characteristics, weather, and other variables. This paper presents typical operating profiles, seasonal trends, snow recovery analysis, selection of normalization parameters for energy performance analysis, temperature correlation, and a review of equipment reliability. C1 [Libby, Cara] Elect Power Res Inst, 3412 Hillview Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Kurtz, Sarah] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Coley, Steven] Elect Power Res Inst, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Libby, C (reprint author), Elect Power Res Inst, 3412 Hillview Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901184 ER PT S AU MacAlpine, S Deline, C AF MacAlpine, Sara Deline, Chris GP IEEE TI Simplified Method for Modeling the Impact of Arbitrary Partial Shading Conditions on PV Array Performance SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE modeling; photovoltaic systems; shading; solar energy AB It is often difficult to model the effects of partial shading conditions on PV array performance, as shade losses are nonlinear and depend heavily on a system's particular configuration. This work describes and implements a simple method for modeling shade loss: a database of shade impact results (loss percentages), generated using a validated, detailed simulation tool and encompassing a wide variety of shading scenarios. The database is intended to predict shading losses in crystalline silicon PV arrays and is accessed using basic inputs generally available in any PV simulation tool. Performance predictions using the database are within 1-2% of measured data for several partially shaded PV systems, and within 1 % of those predicted by the full, detailed simulation tool on an annual basis. The shade loss database shows potential to considerably improve performance prediction for partially shaded PV systems. C1 [MacAlpine, Sara; Deline, Chris] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP MacAlpine, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901121 ER PT S AU Maeda, PY Lu, JP Whiting, GL Biegelsen, DK Raychaudhuri, S Lujan, R Veres, J Chow, EM Gupta, V Nielson, GN Paap, S AF Maeda, Patrick Y. Lu, Jeng Ping Whiting, Gregory L. Biegelsen, David K. Raychaudhuri, Sourobh Lujan, Rene Veres, Janos Chow, Eugene M. Gupta, Vipin Nielson, Gregory N. Paap, Scott GP IEEE TI Micro Chiplet Printer for Micro-scale Photovoltaic System Assembly SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE assembly; assembly systems; manufacturing; microassembly; photovoltaic systems; photovoltaic cells; printing AB The micro-CPV concept uses an array of micro unit cells (or elements) such that the material usage, weight, and the required structural strength can all be scaled down favorably. Unfortunately, one of the essential unfavorable scaling factors is the assembly cost due to the many micro scale components that must be deposited, positioned, oriented, and connected over large areas. By using a dynamic electric field template, we successfully demonstrate chiplet printing - assembling a desired solar cell chip at a designated location with well controlled orientation. Xerographic printing systems utilizing this method can be extended to provide high-throughput, on-demand heterogeneous assembly of micro-CPV systems. C1 [Maeda, Patrick Y.; Lu, Jeng Ping; Whiting, Gregory L.; Biegelsen, David K.; Raychaudhuri, Sourobh; Lujan, Rene; Veres, Janos; Chow, Eugene M.] PARC, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Gupta, Vipin; Nielson, Gregory N.; Paap, Scott] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Gupta, Vipin; Nielson, Gregory N.; Paap, Scott] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Maeda, PY (reprint author), PARC, 3333 Coyote Hill Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992903017 ER PT S AU Mahabaduge, HP Meysing, DM Rance, WL Burst, JM Reese, MO Wolden, CA Gessert, TA Metzger, WK Garner, S Barnes, TM AF Mahabaduge, H. P. Meysing, D. M. Rance, W. L. Burst, J. M. Reese, M. O. Wolden, C. A. Gessert, T. A. Metzger, W. K. Garner, S. Barnes, T. M. GP IEEE TI The Effect of Back Contact and Rapid Thermal Processing Conditions on Flexible CdTe Device Performance SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE CdTe; flexible electronics; back contact; RTP treatment ID SOLAR-CELLS AB Flexible CdTe solar cells on ultra-thin glass substrates can enable new applications that require high specific power, unique form-factors, and low manufacturing costs. To be successful, these cells must be cost competitive, have high efficiency, and have high reliability. Here we present back contact processing conditions that enabled us to achieve over 16% efficiency on flexible Corning (R) Willow (R) Glass substrates. We used co-evaporated ZnTe:Cu and Au as our back contact and used rapid thermal processing (RTP) to activate the back contact. Both the ZnTe to Cu ratio and the RTP activation temperature provide independent control over the device performance. We have investigated the influence of various RTP conditions to Cu activation and distribution. Current density-voltage, capacitance-voltage measurements along with device simulations were used to examine the device performance in terms of ZnTe to Cu ratio and rapid thermal activation temperature. C1 [Mahabaduge, H. P.; Rance, W. L.; Burst, J. M.; Reese, M. O.; Gessert, T. A.; Metzger, W. K.; Barnes, T. M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Meysing, D. M.; Wolden, C. A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Garner, S.] Corning Inc, Corning, NY 14831 USA. RP Mahabaduge, HP (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901080 ER PT S AU Mansfield, LM Kuciauskas, D Dippo, P Li, JV Bowers, K To, B DeHart, C Ramanathan, K AF Mansfield, Lorelle M. Kuciauskas, Darius Dippo, Patricia Li, Jian V. Bowers, Karen To, Bobby DeHart, Clay Ramanathan, Kannan GP IEEE TI Optoelectronic Investigation of Sb-doped Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE AB Doping Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS) thin films with Sb can provide large grains at lower processing temperatures than are normally required. In this study, we incorporated Sb into the precursor of a two-step selenization process. We saw enhanced grain size and improved device performance compared to similarly processed CIGS films made without Sb. The optoelectronic properties of the Sb-doped CIGS films were examined with photoluminescence (PL) and admittance spectroscopy. These techniques allowed us to evaluate the origin of a lower-energy PL peak that is not typically seen in CIGS. C1 [Mansfield, Lorelle M.; Kuciauskas, Darius; Dippo, Patricia; Li, Jian V.; Bowers, Karen; To, Bobby; DeHart, Clay; Ramanathan, Kannan] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mansfield, LM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902116 ER PT S AU Martinez, AD Warren, EL Dippo, PC Kuciauskas, D Ortiz, BR Guthrey, H Duda, A Norman, AG Toberer, ES Tamboli, AC AF Martinez, Aaron D. Warren, Emily L. Dippo, Patricia C. Kuciauskas, Darius Ortiz, Brenden R. Guthrey, Harvey Duda, Anna Norman, Andrew G. Toberer, Eric S. Tamboli, Adele C. GP IEEE TI Single Crystal Growth and Phase Stability of Photovoltaic Grade ZnSiP2 by Flux Technique SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE ZnSiP2; silicon; photovoltaic cells; tandem photovoltaics; single crystal growth ID ZNGEP2 AB ZnSiP2 is a potential optoelectronic material with possible application in lasers, LED's, photonic integrated circuits, and photovoltaics. The development of ZnSiP2 as a photovoltaic material could address the current technological challenge of implementing a monolithic top cell on silicon for tandem photovoltaics. In this work we present a detailed description of the growth of ZnSiP2 single crystals, which has enabled thorough optoelectronic characterization. A flux growth technique was used, under various conditions, to grow ZnSiP2 single crystals in Zn solution. The results of these growth experiments, along with analysis of previously determined phase diagrams, show that three secondary phases form as a result of the Zn flux growth technique: Zn3P2, Si, and the remaining Zn flux. Potential reasons for the formation of these particular phases are discussed, but their presence is found to be non-detrimental, and they can easily be removed. The resulting single crystals are high purity and enable the characterization of the fundamental optoelectronic properties of ZnSiP2. C1 [Martinez, Aaron D.; Ortiz, Brenden R.; Toberer, Eric S.; Tamboli, Adele C.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Warren, Emily L.; Dippo, Patricia C.; Kuciauskas, Darius; Guthrey, Harvey; Duda, Anna; Norman, Andrew G.; Toberer, Eric S.; Tamboli, Adele C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Martinez, AD (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992900107 ER PT S AU Mather, B Gebeyehu, A AF Mather, Barry Gebeyehu, Araya GP IEEE TI Field Demonstration of Using Advanced PV Inverter Functionality to Mitigate the Impacts of High-Penetration PV Grid Integration on the Distribution System SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE distributed power generation; photovoltaic systems; power distribution AB This paper describes a field demonstration that was completed to show the ability of currently installed PV inverters to implement advanced PV inverter functionality and that such functionality was effective at reducing the voltage-related PV impacts of high-penetration PV integration. A distribution circuit was instrumented and then tested for a two week period using off-unity power factor operation. Specifically, an inductive power factor of -0.95 was demonstrated. The results show that the PV inverters were capable of such operation and that the use of off-unity power factor operation was highly effective at reducing the voltage-related impacts of the PV systems interconnected to the circuits used in the demonstration. The impacts of using off-unity power factor operatIon - resulting in additional reactive current flow on the distribution circuit are also presented and analyzed. C1 [Mather, Barry] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Gebeyehu, Araya] Southern Calif Edison, Westminster, CA 92683 USA. RP Mather, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902129 ER PT S AU Mazumder, MK Horenstein, MN Heiling, C Stark, JW Sayyah, A Yellowhair, J Raychowdhury, A AF Mazumder, Malay K. Horenstein, Mark N. Heiling, Calvin Stark, Jeremy W. Sayyah, Arash Yellowhair, Julius Raychowdhury, Atri GP IEEE TI Environmental Degradation of the Optical Surface of PV Modules and Solar Mirrors by Soiling and High RH and Mitigation Methods for Minimizing Energy Yield Losses SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE Environmental degradation; solar optics; surface treatments; low-water cleaning; electrodynamic screen (EDS) ID ELECTRODYNAMIC SCREEN; DUST DEPOSITION; PERFORMANCE; CALIFORNIA; IMPACT; PANELS; CELLS AB Utility-sale solar plants are mostly installed in semi-arid and desert lands and are subjected to high dust deposition rate. Dust layer build up on solar collectors causes major energy-yield loss. Maintaining designed plant capacities requires more than 90% efficiency of light transmission or specular reflection for PV modules and CSP mirrors, respectively. The combinations of high relative humidity (RH), high surface temperature, and long residence time of the dust on the optical surface degrades the solar collectors over time. A tenacious mud like coating is formed, which strongly adheres to the PV modules and concentrating mirrors and requires scrub cleaning. If the global solar-power output is to increase from current GW levels to the TW level, as is envisioned, the water cleaning process would result in an unsustainable demand for water. This paper provide a brief review of the application of an emerging technology of transparent electrodynamic screen (EDS) for removing dust, as frequently as needed, from the solar collectors without water. Power output efficiency is maintained greater than 90% compared to that of the panel under clean conditions. Dust removal efficiency (DRE) is more than 90% with test dust samples obtained from different arid zones and energy consumption for EDS operation is less than 0.03 Wh/m(2)/cleaning cycle. The method is water-free and provides easy retrofitting onto existing panels and has a high potential for a cost-effective large-scale roll-to-roll production, commercial application, and a significant reduction of operation and maintenance costs. C1 [Mazumder, Malay K.; Horenstein, Mark N.; Heiling, Calvin; Stark, Jeremy W.; Sayyah, Arash; Raychowdhury, Atri] Boston Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Yellowhair, Julius] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mazumder, MK (reprint author), Boston Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901156 ER PT S AU McCarthy, RF Schaller, RD Martinson, ABF AF McCarthy, Robert F. Schaller, Richard D. Martinson, Alex B. F. GP IEEE TI Physical and Optoelectronic Properties of VxInySz Intermediate Band Semiconductors Deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE atomic layer deposition; indium sulfide; intermediate band photovoltaics; thin film semiconductors; photoluminescence ID V-SUBSTITUTED IN2S3; SOLAR-CELLS AB In this report, thin In this report, thin films of indium sulfide (In2S3) alloyed with vanadium have been deposited by atomic layer deposition. The physical and optoelectronic properties of these films have been studied to determine their potential for use in intermediate band solar cells. X-ray reflectivity measurements confirm control over stoichiometry by varying the ratio of In to V precursor pulses. As-deposited films on bare quartz and silicon substrates are amorphous and do not have absorption properties indicative of a mid-gap band. However, deposition of the VxInySz films on c-In2S3 appears to induce crystallization as seen by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. A large, sub-band gap absorption peak is observed beginning near 1.0 eV, and increases with V concentration. Pronounced photoluminescence peaks occur at room temperature near 2.20 eV for both In2S3 and VxInySz films, while an additional 1.35 eV peak is observed for VxInySz. These results support the existence of a crystalline, thin-film, intermediate band semiconductor deposited by atomic layer deposition. Use of these heavily doped, thin film semiconductors could lead to cheap and simple fabrication of intermediate band solar cells. C1 [McCarthy, Robert F.; Schaller, Richard D.; Martinson, Alex B. F.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP McCarthy, RF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992900216 ER PT S AU Metzger, WK Burst, J Albin, D Colegrove, E Moseley, J Duenow, J Farrell, S Moutinho, H Reese, M Johnston, S Barnes, T Perkins, C Guthrey, H Al-Jassim, M AF Metzger, Wyatt K. Burst, James Albin, David Colegrove, Eric Moseley, John Duenow, Joel Farrell, Stuart Moutinho, Helio Reese, Matt Johnston, Steve Barnes, Teresa Perkins, Craig Guthrey, Harvey Al-Jassim, Mowafak GP IEEE TI Resetting the Defect Chemistry in CdTe SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE cadmium compounds; carrier concentration CdTe; charge-carrier lifetime; photovoltaic cells; solar cells; tellurium; thin films ID SOLAR-CELLS AB CdTe cell efficiencies have increased from 17% to 21% in the past three years and now rival polycrystalline Si [1]. Research is now targeting 25% to displace Si, attain costs less than 40 cents/W, and reach grid parity. Recent efficiency gains have come largely from greater photocurrent. There is still headroom to lower costs and improve performance by increasing open-circuit voltage (V-oc) and fill factor. Record-efficiency CdTe cells have been limited to V-oc < 880 mV, whereas GaAs can attain V-oc of 1.10 V with a slightly smaller bandgap [2,3]. To overcome this barrier, we seek to understand and increase lifetime and carrier concentration in CdTe. In polycrystalline structures, lifetime can be limited by interface and grain-boundary recombination, and attaining high carrier concentration is complicated by morphology. C1 [Metzger, Wyatt K.; Burst, James; Albin, David; Colegrove, Eric; Moseley, John; Duenow, Joel; Farrell, Stuart; Moutinho, Helio; Reese, Matt; Johnston, Steve; Barnes, Teresa; Perkins, Craig; Guthrey, Harvey; Al-Jassim, Mowafak] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Metzger, WK (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992903181 ER PT S AU Meysing, DM Reese, MO Mahabaduge, HP Metzger, WK Burst, JM Duenow, JN Barnes, TM Wolden, CA AF Meysing, D. M. Reese, M. O. Mahabaduge, H. P. Metzger, W. K. Burst, J. M. Duenow, J. N. Barnes, T. M. Wolden, C. A. GP IEEE TI Chemical and Mechanical Techniques Enabling Direct Characterization of the CdS/CdTe Heterojunction Region in Completed Devices SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE cadmium telluride; cadmium sulfide; photovoltaic cells; mechanical lift-off; chemical etch ID CDTE AB he composition and structure of the CdS/CdTe heterojunction is critical to device performance. However, it is difficult to access this region in devices employing the conventional superstrate configuration. In this work, we report on the development of two techniques for exposing the CdS window layer in completed CdTe solar cells. First, we report on a chemical etch that selectively removes CdTe and exposes the CdS back surface. In addition, we demonstrate a thermo-mechanical lift-off technique that allows clean separation at the TCO/CdS interface. T hese techniques enable simple, quick sample preparation for characterization of the heterojunction region of completed devices. C1 [Meysing, D. M.; Wolden, C. A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Reese, M. O.; Mahabaduge, H. P.; Metzger, W. K.; Burst, J. M.; Duenow, J. N.; Barnes, T. M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Meysing, DM (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901078 ER PT S AU Miller, DC Annigoni, E Ballion, A Bokria, JG Bruckman, LS Burns, DM Chen, XX Elliott, L Feng, JT French, RH Fowler, S Gu, XH Hacke, PL Honeker, CC Kempe, MD Khonkar, H Kohl, M Perret-Aebi, LE Phillips, NH Scott, KP Sculati-Meillaud, F Shioda, T Suga, S Watanabe, S Wohlgemuth, JH AF Miller, David C. Annigoni, Eleonora Ballion, Amal Bokria, Jayesh G. Bruckman, Laura S. Burns, David M. Chen, Xinxin Elliott, Lamont Feng, Jiangtao French, Roger H. Fowler, Sean Gu, Xiaohong Hacke, Peter L. Honeker, Christian C. Kempe, Michael D. Khonkar, Hussam Koehl, Michael Perret-Aebi, Laure-Emmanuelle Phillips, Nancy H. Scott, Kurt P. Sculati-Meillaud, Fanny Shioda, Tsuyoshi Suga, Shigeo Watanabe, Shin Wohlgemuth, John H. GP IEEE TI Degradation in PV Encapsulation Transmittance: An Interlaboratory Study Towards a Climate-Specific Test SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE reliability; durability; thermal activation AB Reduced optical transmittance of encapsulants resulting from ultraviolet (UV) degradation has frequently been identified as a cause of decreased PV module performance through the life of service in the field. The present module safety and qualification standards, however, apply short UV doses only capable of examining design robustness or "infant mortality" failures. Essential information that might be used to screen encapsulation through product lifetime remains unknown. For example, the relative efficacy of xenon-arc and UVA-340 fluorescent sources or the typical range of activation energy for degradation is not quantified. We have conducted an interlaboratory experiment to provide the understanding that will be used towards developing a climate-and configuration-specific (UV) weathering test. Five representative, known formulations of EVA were studied in addition to one TPU material. Replicate laminated silica/polymer/silica specimens are being examined at 14 institutions using a variety of indoor chambers (including Xenon, UVA-340, and metal-halide light sources) or field aging. The solar-weighted transmittance, yellowness index, and the UV cut-off wavelength, determined from the measured hemispherical transmittance, are examined to provide understanding and guidance for the UV light source (lamp type) and temperature used in accelerated UV aging tests. C1 [Miller, David C.; Hacke, Peter L.; Kempe, Michael D.; Wohlgemuth, John H.] NREL, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Annigoni, Eleonora; Sculati-Meillaud, Fanny] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CH-2002 Neuchatel, Switzerland. [Ballion, Amal; Koehl, Michael] Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst ISE, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany. [Bokria, Jayesh G.] Specialized Technol Resources Inc STR, Enfield, CT 06082 USA. [Bruckman, Laura S.; French, Roger H.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Burns, David M.; Phillips, Nancy H.] 3M Co, Ctr 3M, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. [Chen, Xinxin; Feng, Jiangtao] China Natl Elect Apparat Res Inst Co Ltd CEI, Guangzhou 510663, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Elliott, Lamont; Scott, Kurt P.] Atlas Mat Testing Technol LLC, Mt Prospect, IL 60056 USA. [Fowler, Sean] Q Lab Corp, Cleveland, OH 44145 USA. [Gu, Xiaohong] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Honeker, Christian C.] Fraunhofer Ctr Sustainable Energy Syst CSE, Boston, MA 02210 USA. [Khonkar, Hussam] KACST, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia. [Perret-Aebi, Laure-Emmanuelle] Ctr Suisse Elect & Microtech SA CSEM, CH-2002 Neuchatel, Switzerland. [Shioda, Tsuyoshi] Mitsui Chem Inc, Sodegaura, Chiba 2990265, Japan. [Suga, Shigeo; Watanabe, Shin] Suga Test Instruments Co Ltd, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1600022, Japan. RP Miller, DC (reprint author), NREL, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992900017 ER PT S AU Moriarty, T France, R Steiner, M AF Moriarty, Tom France, Ryan Steiner, Myles GP IEEE TI Rapid, enhanced IV characterization of multi-junction PV devices under one sun at NREL SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE AB Multi-junction technology is rapidly advancing, which puts increasing demands on IV characterization resources. We report on a tool and procedure for fast turn-around of IV data under the reference conditions, but also under controlled variations from the reference conditions. This enhanced data set can improve further iterations of device optimization. C1 [Moriarty, Tom; France, Ryan; Steiner, Myles] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Moriarty, T (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901028 ER PT S AU Moseley, J Al-Jassim, MM Paudel, N Mahabaduge, H Kuciauskas, D Guthrey, HL Duenow, J Yan, YF Metzger, WK Ahrenkiel, RK AF Moseley, John Al-Jassim, Mowafak M. Paudel, Naba Mahabaduge, Hasitha Kuciauskas, Darius Guthrey, Harvey L. Duenow, Joel Yan, Yanfa Metzger, Wyatt K. Ahrenkiel, Richard K. GP IEEE TI Opto-Electronic Characterization of CdTe Solar Cells from TCO to Back Contact with Nano-Scale CL Probe SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE cathodoluminescence; CdTe solar cells; grain boundaries; opto-electronic properties AB We used cathodoluminescence (CL) (spectrum-per-pixel) imaging on beveled CdTe solar cell sections to investigate the opto-electronic properties of these devices from the TCO to the back contact. We used a nano-scale CL probe to resolve luminescence from grain boundary (GB) and grain interior (GI) locations near the CdS/CdTe interface where the grains are very small. As-deposited, CdCl2-treated, Cu-treated, and (CdCl2+Cu)-treated cells were analyzed. Color-coded CL spectrum imaging maps on bevels illustrate the distribution of the T=6 K luminescence transitions through the depth of devices with unprecedented spatial resolution. The CL at the GBs and GIs is shown to vary significantly from the front to the back of devices and is a sensitive function of processing. Supporting D-SIMS depth profile, TRPL lifetime, and C-V measurements are used to link the CL data to the J-V performance of devices. C1 [Moseley, John; Al-Jassim, Mowafak M.; Mahabaduge, Hasitha; Kuciauskas, Darius; Guthrey, Harvey L.; Duenow, Joel; Metzger, Wyatt K.; Ahrenkiel, Richard K.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Moseley, John; Ahrenkiel, Richard K.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Paudel, Naba; Yan, Yanfa] Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Moseley, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901117 ER PT S AU Motz, AA Squier, J Kuciauskas, D Johnston, S Kanevce, A Levi, D AF Motz, Alyssa Allende Squier, Jeff Kuciauskas, Darius Johnston, Steve Kanevce, Ana Levi, Dean GP IEEE TI Development of Two-photon Excitation Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Microscopy for Lifetime and Defect Imaging in Thin Film Photovoltaic Materials and Devices SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE carrier lifetime; lifetime mapping; optical characterization; photovoltaic cells; polycrystalline CdTe AB Two-photon excitation time resolved photoluminescence (2PE TRPL) is a powerful photovoltaic material analysis technique. It provides a rapid, contactless, and nondestructive method of determining semiconductor parameters such as surface and bulk carrier lifetime, which are indicative of overall device performance. We present a novel 2PE TRPL microscopy system of high spatial and temporal resolution, capable of detailed 3D analysis for PL emission intensity and minority carrier lifetime. Initial data shows PL intensity, lifetime, and diffusion length imaging in polycrystalline CdTe and indicates variations of diffusion coefficient and bulk lifetime in a polycrystalline CdTe sample. C1 [Motz, Alyssa Allende; Squier, Jeff] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Motz, Alyssa Allende; Kuciauskas, Darius; Johnston, Steve; Kanevce, Ana; Levi, Dean] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Motz, AA (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992903125 ER PT S AU Muzzillo, CP Mansfield, LM DeHart, C Bowers, K Reedy, RC To, B Ramanathan, K Anderson, TJ AF Muzzillo, Christopher P. Mansfield, Lorelle M. DeHart, Clay Bowers, Karen Reedy, Robert C. To, Bobby Ramanathan, Kannan Anderson, Timothy J. GP IEEE TI Differences between CuGa/In and Cu/Ga/In Films for Selenization SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE Cu(In,Ga)Se-2; CIGS; chalcopyrite; selenization; absorber; graded band gap ID SOLAR-CELLS; THIN-FILMS; CU(IN,GA)SE-2; CU(IN; GAP AB CuGa/In and Cu/Ga/In metal precursor films were deposited by co-evaporation and selenized in situ. Differences were studied by XRF, GIXRD, SEM, EPMA, and SIMS for precursors, partially selenized, and completely selenized films. Solar cells were fabricated from completely selenized absorber films, and were characterized by JV and QE measurements. More intermixing of Cu and Ga was exhibited by CuGa/In, relative to Cu/Ga/In precursors. This caused a lower Ga/(Ga+In) composition near the surface, which led to higher current, lower voltage, and worse photovoltaic performance for CuGa/In. The difference in relative selenization kinetics of Ga and In were not responsible for the evolution of the contrasting Ga/(Ga+In) profiles. C1 [Muzzillo, Christopher P.; Anderson, Timothy J.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. [Muzzillo, Christopher P.; Mansfield, Lorelle M.; DeHart, Clay; Bowers, Karen; Reedy, Robert C.; To, Bobby; Ramanathan, Kannan] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Muzzillo, CP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992903111 ER PT S AU Nelson, A Hoke, A Chakraborty, S Ropp, M Chebahtah, J Wang, T Zimmerly, B AF Nelson, Austin Hoke, Anderson Chakraborty, Sudipta Ropp, Michael Chebahtah, Justin Wang, Trudie Zimmerly, Brian GP IEEE TI Experimental Evaluation of Load Rejection Over-Voltage from Grid-Tied Solar Inverters SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE Inverter; photovoltaic; electric power systems; load rejection over-voltage; distributed energy AB This paper investigates the impact of load rejection over-voltage (LRO) from commercially available grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) inverters. LRO can occur when a breaker opens and the power output from a distributed energy resource (DER) exceeds the load. Simplified models of current-controlled inverters can over-predict LRO magnitudes, thus it is useful to quantify the effect through laboratory testing. The load rejection event was replicated using a hardware testbed at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), and a set of commercially available PV inverters was tested to quantify the impact of LRO for a range of generation-to-Ioad ratios. The magnitude and duration of the over-voltage events are reported in this paper along with a discussion of characteristic inverter output behavior. The results for the inverters under test showed that maximum over-voltage magnitudes were less than 200% of nominal voltage, and much lower in many test cases. These research results are important because utilities that interconnect inverter-based DER need to understand their characteristics under abnormal grid conditions. C1 [Nelson, Austin; Hoke, Anderson; Chakraborty, Sudipta] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Ropp, Michael] Northern Plains Power Technol, Brookings, SD 87006 USA. [Chebahtah, Justin; Wang, Trudie; Zimmerly, Brian] SolarCity, San Mateo, CA 94402 USA. RP Nelson, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992903136 ER PT S AU Nemeth, W LaSalvia, V Page, MR Warren, EL Dameron, A Norman, AG Lee, BG Young, DL Stradins, P AF Nemeth, William LaSalvia, Vincenzo Page, Matthew R. Warren, Emily L. Dameron, Arrelaine Norman, Andrew G. Lee, Benjamin G. Young, David L. Stradins, Paul GP IEEE TI Implementation of Tunneling Pasivated Contacts into Industrially Relevant n-Cz Si Solar Cells SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE ID SILICON AB We identify bottlenecks, and propose solutions, to implement a B-diffused front emitter and a backside pc-Si/SiO2 pasivated tunneling contact into high efficiency n-Cz Si cells in an industrially relevant way. We apply an O-precipitate dissolution treatment to make n-Cz wafers immune to bulk lifetime process degradation, enabling robust, passivated B front emitters with J(0) < 20fA/cm(2). Adding ultralow recombination n+ pc-Si/SiO2 back contacts enables pre-metallized cells with iV(oc)=720 mV and J(0)=8.6 fA/cm(2). However, metallization significantly degrades performance of these contacts due to pinholes and possibly, grain boundary diffusion of primary metal and source contaminates such as Cu. An intermediate, doped a-Si:H capping layer is found to significantly block the harmful metal penetration into pc-Si. C1 [Nemeth, William; LaSalvia, Vincenzo; Page, Matthew R.; Warren, Emily L.; Dameron, Arrelaine; Norman, Andrew G.; Lee, Benjamin G.; Young, David L.; Stradins, Paul] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Nemeth, W (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902022 ER PT S AU Oh, J Bowden, S TamizhMani, G Hacke, P AF Oh, Jaewon Bowden, Stuart TamizhMani, GovindaSamy Hacke, Peter GP IEEE TI Quantum Efficiency Loss after PID Stress: Wavelength Dependence on Cell Surface and Cell Edge SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE PID; quantum efficiency; durability; shunting; edge isolation; photovoltaic cells ID POTENTIAL-INDUCED DEGRADATION AB It is known that the potential induced degradation (PID) stress of conventional p-base solar cells affects power, shunt resistance, junction recombination, and quantum efficiency (QE). One of the primary solutions to address the PID issue is a modification of chemical and physical properties of antireflection coating (ARC) on the cell surface. Depending on the edge isolation method used during cell processing, the ARC layer near the edges may be uniformly or non-uniformly damaged. Therefore, the pathway for sodium migration from glass to the cell junction could be either through all of the ARC surface if surface and edge ARC have low quality or through the cell edge if surface ARC has high quality but edge ARC is defective due to certain edge isolation process. In this study, two PID susceptible cells from two different manufacturers have been investigated. The QE measurements of these cells before and after PID stress were performed at both surface and edge. We observed the wavelength dependent QE loss only in the first manufacturer's cell but not in the second manufacturer's cell. The first manufacturer's cell appeared to have low quality ARC whereas the second manufacturer's cell appeared to have high quality ARC with defective edge. To rapidly screen a large number of cells for PID stress testing, a new but simple test setup that does not require laminated cell coupon has been developed and is used in this investigation. C1 [Oh, Jaewon; Bowden, Stuart] Arizona State Univ, Solar Power Lab, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. [Oh, Jaewon; TamizhMani, GovindaSamy] Arizona State Univ, Photovolta Reliabil Lab, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. [Hacke, Peter] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Oh, J (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Solar Power Lab, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992900039 ER PT S AU Osterwald, CR Campanelli, M Kelly, GJ Williams, R AF Osterwald, Carl R. Campanelli, Mark Kelly, George J. Williams, Rafell GP IEEE TI On the Reliability of Photovoltaic Short-Circuit Current Temperature Coefficient Measurements SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE temperature coefficient; short-circuit current; photovoltaic cells; photovoltaic modules; photovoltaic databases AB The changes in short-circuit current of photovoltaic (PV) cells and modules with temperature are routinely modeled through a single parameter, the temperature coefficient (TC). This parameter is vital for the translation equations used in system sizing, yet in practice is very difficult to measure. In this paper, we discuss these inherent problems and demonstrate how they can introduce unacceptably large errors in PV ratings. A method for quantifying the spectral dependence of TCs is derived, and then used to demonstrate that databases of module parameters commonly contain values that are physically unreasonable. Possible ways to reduce measurement errors are also discussed. C1 [Osterwald, Carl R.; Campanelli, Mark; Williams, Rafell] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Kelly, George J.] Sunset Technol Inc, Mt Airy, MD USA. RP Osterwald, CR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901025 ER PT S AU Pang, YT Efstathiadis, H Dwyer, D Eisaman, MD AF Pang, Y. T. Efstathiadis, H. Dwyer, D. Eisaman, M. D. GP IEEE TI Reconstruction of the charge collection probability in a CIGS solar cell by the regularization method SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE Internal Quantum Efficiency; Charge Collection Probability; Photovoltaic Cells; Probability Density Function ID EFFICIENCY MEASUREMENTS AB We introduce a new nondestructive and parameter-independent optoelectronic method to analyze the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) data that are obtained on a copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) solar cells. This method directly reconstructs the distribution of the charge collection probability in the device by inverting the integral transform that connects charge collection probability to the measured IQE. This inversion is generally an ill-posed problem, but we obtain a stable solution using the Truncated Singular Value Decomposition (TSVD) regularization method. This procedure is used to analyze simulated and measured IQE data on CIGS solar cells. C1 [Pang, Y. T.; Eisaman, M. D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Sustainable Energy Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Pang, Y. T.; Eisaman, M. D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Efstathiadis, H.; Dwyer, D.] SUNY Polytech Inst, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12207 USA. [Eisaman, M. D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. RP Pang, YT (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Sustainable Energy Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901201 ER PT S AU Paulauskas, T Sun, C Sen, F Buurma, C Bamard, E Sivalingham, S Chan, M Kim, M Kliel, R AF Paulauskas, Tadas Sun, Cyrus Sen, Fatih Buurma, Chris Bamard, Edward Sivalingham, Sivananthan Chan, Maria Kim, Moon Kliel, Robert GP IEEE TI A Fundamental Study of the Effects of Grain Boundaries on Performance of Poly-Crystalline Thin Film CdTe Solar Cells SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE AB Poly-crystalline CdTe-based thin film photovoltaic devices have shown a great potential and are commercially used for large-scale energy conversion applications. Despite this success conversion efficiency of CdTe has achieved very minor improvements over the last 20 years. To overcome this stagnation and further drive cost-per-watt of the modules, better atomic-scale understanding of native dislocation structures and grain boundaries is needed. In this collaborative study we systematically investigate effects of grain boundaries using ultra-high-vacuum bonded CdTe bi-crystals with pre-defined misorientation angles. C1 [Paulauskas, Tadas; Buurma, Chris; Sivalingham, Sivananthan; Kliel, Robert] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Sun, Cyrus; Kim, Moon] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Dallas, TX 75080 USA. [Sen, Fatih; Chan, Maria] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bamard, Edward] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 97420 USA. RP Paulauskas, T (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901120 ER PT S AU Perkins, JD Aggarwal, S van Hest, MFAM Ginley, DS AF Perkins, John D. Aggarwal, Shruti van Hest, Maikel F. A. M. Ginley, David S. GP IEEE TI Atmospheric-Pressure Processed Silver Nanowire (Ag-NW) / ZnO Composite Transparent Conducting Contacts SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE transparent conductor; TCO; nanowire; composite; atmospheric-pressure-processing ID SOLAR-CELLS; ELECTRODES; NETWORKS AB Composite transparent contacts (TCs) based on metal nanowires and metal oxide matrix materials hold great promise for high performance transparent contacts for photovoltaics and opto-electronic technologies with the potential of all-atmospheric pressure processing. The metal nanowire mesh can provide both electrical conductivity and mechanical robustness against bending while the matrix material can both control the electrical interface and protect the metal nanowires. Here, we demonstrate all atmospheric pressure processed Ag-NW/ZnO composite TCs that are 90% transparent in the visible with sheet resistance R-s approximate to 10 Ohms/sq. In addition, the composite TCs have higher infrared transmission than conventional TCO films with the same sheet resistance. C1 [Perkins, John D.; Aggarwal, Shruti; van Hest, Maikel F. A. M.; Ginley, David S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Aggarwal, Shruti] Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha Univ, New Delhi, India. RP Perkins, JD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901102 ER PT S AU Perl, EE Simon, J Geisz, JF Olavarria, W Young, M Duda, A Dippo, P Friedman, DJ Steiner, MA AF Perl, Emmett E. Simon, John Geisz, John F. Olavarria, Waldo Young, Michelle Duda, Anna Dippo, Pat Friedman, Daniel J. Steiner, Myles A. GP IEEE TI Development of a 2.0 eV AlGaInP Solar Cell Grown by OMVPE SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE III-V semiconductor materials; photovoltaic cells; semiconductor epitaxial layers; solar energy ID OPTICAL COATINGS; EFFICIENCY; DEVICES; GAINP AB AlGaInP solar cells with a bandgap (E-g) of similar to 2.0 eV are developed for use in next-generation multijunction photovoltaic devices. This material system is of great interest for both space and concentrator photovoltaics due to its high bandgap, which enables the development of high-efficiency five-junction and six-junction devices and is also useful for solar cells operated at elevated temperatures. In this work, we explore the conditions for the Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (OMVPE) growth of AlGaInP and study their effects on cell performance. A similar to 2.0 eV AlGaInP solar cell is demonstrated with an open circuit voltage (V-OC) of 1.59V, a bandgap-voltage offset (W-OC) of 420mV, a fill factor (FF) of 88.0%, and an efficiency of 14.8%. These AlGaInP cells have attained a similar FF, W-OC and internal quantum efficiency (IQE) to the best upright GaInP cells grown in our lab to date. C1 [Perl, Emmett E.; Simon, John; Geisz, John F.; Olavarria, Waldo; Young, Michelle; Duda, Anna; Dippo, Pat; Friedman, Daniel J.; Steiner, Myles A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Perl, Emmett E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Perl, EE (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992903073 ER PT S AU Pogue, E Wilson, S Mabon, J Anderson, T Teeter, G Hall, A Rockett, A AF Pogue, Elizabeth Wilson, Samual Mabon, James Anderson, Tim Teeter, Glenn Hall, Allen Rockett, Angus GP IEEE TI Cryo-Cathodoluminescence Study of Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE CZTS; kesterite; photovoltaic cells; semiconductor films; semiconductor materials; copper compounds; thin films ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB Cryo-cathodoluminescence was used to investigate defects present in Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films. Four luminescence peaks of energies P1: 0.90 eV, P2: 1.04 eV, P3: 1.18 eV, and P4: 1.29 eV were investigated in detail and a fifth peak at similar to 1.6 eV was also noted. Based on a power-series analysis, P1, P2, and P3 are attributed to free-to-bound or donor-acceptor-pair transitions while P4 appears excitonic in nature. This spectral decomposition in energy became more apparent at large current densities. The observed peaks were attributed to specific recombination mechanisms to inform future studies. C1 [Pogue, Elizabeth; Mabon, James; Hall, Allen; Rockett, Angus] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wilson, Samual; Anderson, Tim] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Teeter, Glenn] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Pogue, E (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992900006 ER PT S AU Potter, BG Hansen, CW Simmons, JH King, BH AF Potter, B. G., Jr. Hansen, C. W. Simmons, J. H. King, B. H. GP IEEE TI Incidence-angle dependent external quantum efficiency: laboratory characterization and use in irradiance-to-power modeling. SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE external quantum efficiency; irradiance-to-power model; photovoltaic cells AB We propose and analyze the use of an angle-of-incidence (AOI)-dependent external quantum efficiency (EQE) as the basis for a more accurate representation of specular reflection and diffuse light utilization in PV system modeling. We derive a response function defined by the ratio of the EQE spectrum at a given incidence angle to that at normal incidence as a replacement for the f(2) and fd parameters in the Sandia Array Performance Model (SAPM). The response function can be obtained from measurements readily made in the laboratory, providing a rapid, versatile method for more accurately calibrating module performance models. C1 [Potter, B. G., Jr.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hansen, C. W.; King, B. H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Simmons, J. H.] Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. RP Potter, BG (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901181 ER PT S AU Pruzan, DS Caruso, AE Liu, Y Lin, Y Beall, C Repins, I Toney, MF Scarpulla, MA AF Pruzan, D. S. Caruso, A. E. Liu, Y. Lin, Y. Beall, C. Repins, I. Toney, M. F. Scarpulla, M. A. GP IEEE TI Sub-100 nm resolution 3-D Tomography of CZTSe Using Transmission X-ray Microscopy SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE X-ray tomography; synchrotron radiation; photovoltaic cells; CZTSe AB Transmission X-ray Microscopy (TXM) is a powerful technique with a theoretical resolution down to 30 nm that can be used to fill the mesoscale gap between the atomic scale resolution of atom probe tomography (APT) and macroscale resolution of energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). For this study, thin film solar cells based on Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) absorber layers with Zn/Sn ratios of 1.0 and 1.4 were characterized using element-specific TXM and 3-D tomographic reconstruction. The resulting data are 3-D concentration fields for Cu, Zn, Sn, and Se. From these data we analyze compositional fluctuations at a previously inaccessible combination of sampling volume and resolution. C1 [Pruzan, D. S.; Scarpulla, M. A.] Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Caruso, A. E.; Scarpulla, M. A.] Univ Utah, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Liu, Y.; Toney, M. F.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Stanford, CA USA. [Lin, Y.] Stanford Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Beall, C.; Repins, I.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Pruzan, DS (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RI Liu, Yijin/O-2640-2013 OI Liu, Yijin/0000-0002-8417-2488 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992900191 ER PT S AU Quiroz, JE Reno, MJ Broderick, RJ AF Quiroz, Jimmy E. Reno, Matthew J. Broderick, Robert J. GP IEEE TI PV-Induced Low Voltage and Mitigation Options SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE data analysis; distributed power generation; photovoltaic systems; power system modeling; voltage control AB With increasingly high penetrations of PV on distribution systems, there can be many benefits and impacts to the standard operation of the grid. This paper focuses on voltages below the allowable range caused by the installation of PV on distribution systems with line-drop compensation enabled voltage regulation controls. This paper demonstrates how this type of under-voltage issue has the potential to limit the hosting capacity of PV on a feeder and have possible consequences to other feeders served off a common regulated bus. Some examples of mitigation strategies are presented, along with the shortcomings of each. An example of advanced inverter functionality to mitigate over voltage is shown, while also illustrating the ineffectiveness of inverter voltage control as a mitigation of under-voltage. C1 [Quiroz, Jimmy E.; Reno, Matthew J.; Broderick, Robert J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87114 USA. RP Quiroz, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87114 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902210 ER PT S AU Quiroz, JE Stein, JS Carmignani, CK Gillispie, K AF Quiroz, Jimmy E. Stein, Joshua S. Carmignani, Craig K. Gillispie, Kellen GP IEEE TI In-Situ Module-Level I-V Tracers for Novel PV Monitoring SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE data analysis; detection algorithms; performance analysis; photovoltaic cells; photovoltaic systems AB The current state of PV module monitoring is in need of improvements to better detect, diagnose, and locate abnormal module conditions. Detection of common abnormalities is difficult with current methods. The value of optimal system operation is a quantifiable benefit, and cost-effective monitoring systems will continue to evolve for this reason. Sandia National Laboratories performed a practicality and monitoring investigation on a testbed of 15 in-situ module-level I-V curve tracers. Shading and series resistance tests were performed and examples of using I-V curve interpretation and the Loss Factors Model parameters for detection of each is presented. C1 [Quiroz, Jimmy E.; Stein, Joshua S.; Carmignani, Craig K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87114 USA. [Gillispie, Kellen] Stratasense LLC, Oakland, CA 94608 USA. RP Quiroz, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87114 USA. EM info@pvtracer.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992900018 ER PT S AU Reno, MJ Broderick, RJ AF Reno, Matthew J. Broderick, Robert J. GP IEEE TI Technical Evaluation of the 15% of Peak Load PV Interconnection Screen SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE distributed power generation; photovoltaic systems; power distribution; power system interconnection AB Most utilities use a standard small generator interconnection procedure (SGIP) process that includes a screen for placing potential PV interconnection requests on a fast track that do not require more detailed study. One common screening threshold is the 15% of peak load screen that fast tracks PV below a certain size. This paper performs a technical evaluation of the screen compared to a large number of simulation results for PV on 40 different feeders. Three error metrics are developed to quantify the accuracy of the screen for identifying interconnections that would cause problems or incorrectly sending a large number of allowable systems for more detailed study. C1 [Reno, Matthew J.; Broderick, Robert J.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Reno, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902128 ER PT S AU Riley, D AF Riley, Daniel GP IEEE TI Performance Model for Characterizing AC Modules and Predicting Their Power SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE photovoltaic systems; power electronics; solar energy AB PV modules and their inverting electronics are becoming increasingly more integrated. When a PV module and microinverter are completely integrated a new class of PV system, the AC module, is created. Unfortunately, existing characterization and modeling techniques require separate characterization of PV and inverting components. Thus, existing methods are incapable of modeling AC modules. We have developed an empirical performance model capable of characterizing and modeling an AC module. The model is capable of predicting the active power from an AC module in a typical application with RMSE of approximately 1% of the reference power of the AC module. This paper describes the model form and presents the validation results in terms of model residuals. C1 [Riley, Daniel] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Riley, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902137 ER PT S AU Sastry, A Kulasekaran, S Flicker, J Ayyanar, R TamizhMani, G Roy, J Srinivasan, D Tilford, I AF Sastry, Arkanatha Kulasekaran, Siddharth Flicker, Jack Ayyanar, Raja TamizhMani, GovindSamy Roy, Jinia Srinivasan, Devarajan Tilford, Ian GP IEEE TI Failure Modes and Effect Analysis of Module Level Power Electronics SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE power converters; photovoltaic systems; inverters; reliability ID RELIABILITY AB The scope for module level power electronics (MLPE) is immense in modern day PV industry but it lacks in assessing the reliability. This paper presents the work performed by PREDICTS (Physics of Reliability: Evaluating Design Insights for Component Technologies in Solar) team lead by Sandia National Laboratories to develop a standard reliability assessment protocol for MLPE including microinverters and microconverters. This paper discusses the ground work performed to develop the reliability assessment protocol by conducting FMEA (Failure Mode Effect & Analysis) and identify the top five failure modes that drive to the development of accelerated test similar to the existing PV module and power electronics industries. C1 [Sastry, Arkanatha; Kulasekaran, Siddharth; Ayyanar, Raja; Roy, Jinia] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. [Flicker, Jack] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [TamizhMani, GovindSamy] TUV Rheinland PTL, Tempe, AZ USA. [Srinivasan, Devarajan] Poundra, Tempe, AZ USA. [Tilford, Ian] Bosch, San Mateo, CA USA. RP Sastry, A (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901173 ER PT S AU Schindelholz, E Yang, BB Armijo, KM McKenzie, BB Taylor, JM Sorensen, NR Lavrova, O AF Schindelholz, Eric Yang, Benjamin B. Armijo, Kenneth M. McKenzie, Bonnie B. Taylor, Jason M. Sorensen, N. Robert Lavrova, Olga GP IEEE TI Characterization of Fire Hazards of Aged Photovoltaic Balance-of-Systems Connectors SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE connector; reliability; corrosion; accelerated aging; electrical contact AB Three balance of systems (BOS) connector designs common to industry were investigated as a means of assessing reliability from the perspective of arc fault risk. These connectors were aged in field and laboratory environments and performance data captured for future development of a reliability model. Comparison of connector resistance measured during damp heat, mixed flowing gas and field exposure in a light industrial environment indicated disparities in performance across the three designs. Performance was, in part, linked to materials of construction. A procedure was developed to evaluate new and aged connectors for arc fault risk and tested for one of the designs. Those connectors exposed to mixed flowing gas corrosion exhibited considerable Joule heating that may enhance arcing behavior, suggesting temperature monitoring as a potential method for arc fault prognostics. These findings, together with further characterization of connector aging, can provide operators of photovoltaic installations the information necessary to develop a data-driven approach to BOS connector maintenance as well as opportunities for arc fault prognostics. C1 [Schindelholz, Eric; Yang, Benjamin B.; Armijo, Kenneth M.; McKenzie, Bonnie B.; Taylor, Jason M.; Sorensen, N. Robert; Lavrova, Olga] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. RP Schindelholz, E (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992903162 ER PT S AU Schulte, KL Simon, J Young, DL Ptak, AJ AF Schulte, Kevin L. Simon, John Young, David L. Ptak, Aaron J. GP IEEE TI Modeling of Gas Curtains in a Dual Chamber Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxial Photovoltaic Growth Reactor SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE III-V semiconductor materials; photovoltaic cells; fluid dynamics; computational modeling ID GAAS AB Hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) is a low-cost method for the deposition of high-efficiency photovoltaics. HYPE offers the use of lower cost reagents and high growth rates, both of which reduce cost compared to metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) while maintaining high performance. Our dual chamber reactor design with gas curtain separation facilitates the formation of abrupt interfaces and monolithic integration of multiple materials chemistries. This reactor has a more complex flow profile compared to single chamber designs, requiring more intensive flow optimization. Experimental optimization alone is not enough to develop a deep understanding of the factors affecting the gas composition profile in the reactor. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is a vital tool that provides insight into the design and operation of VPE reactors. This work presents the use of a commercial software package to model a case study in our custom HVPE reactor. The effect of the "curtain" gas species identity on cross contamination between the growth chambers is examined in detail. It was found that use of a heavier curtain gas alone is not sufficient to reduce cross contamination. CFD modeling determined the flow for a given gas must be balanced to minimize the development of horizontal flows and eddy currents in order to minimize cross contamination. C1 [Schulte, Kevin L.; Simon, John; Young, David L.; Ptak, Aaron J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Schulte, KL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902038 ER PT S AU Sen, FG Buurma, C Paulauskas, T Sun, C Kim, M Sivananthan, S Klie, RF Chan, MKY AF Sen, Fatih G. Buurma, Christopher Paulauskas, Tadas Sun, Ce Kim, Moon Sivananthan, Sivalingam Klie, Robert F. Chan, Maria K. Y. GP IEEE TI Atomistic Simulations of Grain Boundaries in CdTe SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE CdTe; grain boundaries; density functional theory ID SOLAR-CELLS; EFFICIENCY; ENERGY AB An improvement in efficiencies of polycrystalline CdTe can possibly be achieved by understanding the role of grain boundaries. Therefore, we systematically studied the atomic and electronic structures of various high angle grain boundaries including asymmetric tilt and twist grain boundaries using empirical potentials and density functional theory (DFT). The density of states analysis revealed that most grain boundaries lead to the formation of midgap states, which can drastically reduce the photovoltaic efficiency. The planar-averaged electrostatic potential analysis indicated attraction for holes around the grain boundary region. C1 [Sen, Fatih G.; Paulauskas, Tadas; Chan, Maria K. Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Buurma, Christopher; Sivananthan, Sivalingam; Klie, Robert F.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Sun, Ce; Kim, Moon] Univ Texas Dallas, Dallas, TX 75080 USA. RP Sen, FG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901118 ER PT S AU Seuss, J Reno, MJ Broderick, RJ Grijalva, S AF Seuss, John Reno, Matthew J. Broderick, Robert J. Grijalva, Santiago GP IEEE TI Maximum PV Size Limited by the Impact to Distribution Protection SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE photovoltaic systems; power distribution faults AB Utilities issuing new PV interconnection permits must be aware of any risks caused by PV on their distribution networks. One potential risk is the degradation of the effectiveness of the network's protection devices (PDs). This can limit the amount of PV allowed in the network, i.e. the network's PV hosting capacity. This research studies how the size and location of a PV installation can prevent network PDs from operating as intended. Simulations are carried out using data from multiple actual distribution feeders in OpenDSS. The PD Tee are modeled to find the timing of PD tripping to accurately identify when PV will cause unnecessary customer outages. The findings show that more aggressive protection settings limit the amount of PV that can be placed on a network that does not cause more customer outages or damage network equipment. C1 [Seuss, John; Grijalva, Santiago] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Reno, Matthew J.; Broderick, Robert J.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Seuss, J (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902126 ER PT S AU Silverman, TJ Deceglie, MG Sun, XS Garris, RL Alam, MA Deline, C Kurtz, S AF Silverman, Timothy J. Deceglie, Michael G. Sun, Xingshu Garris, Rebekah L. Alam, Muhammad Ashraful Deline, Chris Kurtz, Sarah GP IEEE TI Thermal and electrical effects of partial shade in monolithic thin-film photovoltaic modules SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE AB Photovoltaic cells can be damaged by reverse bias stress, which arises during service when a monolithically integrated thin-film module is partially shaded. We introduce a model for describing a module's internal thermal and electrical state, which cannot normally be measured. Using this model and experimental measurements, we present several results with relevance for reliability testing and module engineering: Modules with a small breakdown voltage experience less stress than those with a large breakdown voltage, with some exceptions for modules having light-enhanced reverse breakdown. Masks leaving a small part of the masked cells illuminated can lead to very high temperature and current density compared to masks covering entire cells. C1 [Silverman, Timothy J.; Deceglie, Michael G.; Garris, Rebekah L.; Deline, Chris; Kurtz, Sarah] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Sun, Xingshu; Alam, Muhammad Ashraful] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Silverman, TJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992900078 ER PT S AU Simon, J Schulte, KL Young, DL Ptak, AJ AF Simon, John Schulte, Kevin L. Young, David L. Ptak, Aaron J. GP IEEE TI Low Cost GaAs Solar Cells Grown by Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy and the Development of GaInP Cladding Layers SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE gallium arsenide; HVPE; photovoltaics AB The high cost of high-efficiency III-V photovoltaic devices has limited them to niche markets. Hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) growth of III-V materials has recently reemerged as a low-cost, high-throughput alternative to conventional metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) growth of high-efficiency solar cells. Previously we demonstrated unpassivated HVPE GaAs p-n junctions with excellent carrier collection and high open-circuit voltage (V-oc). In this work, we demonstrate the growth of GaInP by HVPE for use as a high-quality interface passivation layer to GaAs solar cells. Solar cells grown with GaInP window layers show significantly improved carrier collection compared to unpassivated cells, improving the performance of these low-cost devices. These results show the viability of HVPE for the growth of high quality III-V devices at significantly lower costs. C1 [Simon, John; Schulte, Kevin L.; Young, David L.; Ptak, Aaron J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Simon, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901139 ER PT S AU Song, T Kanevce, A Sites, JR AF Song, Tao Kanevce, Ana Sites, James R. GP IEEE TI Choice of Substrate Material for Epitaxial CdTe Solar Cells SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE solar cells; single-crystal; CdTe; Si; InSb; substrate AB Epitaxial CdTe with high quality, low defect density, and high carrier concentration should in principle yield high-efficiency photovoltaic devices. However, insufficient effort has been given to explore the choice of substrate for high efficiency epitaxial CdTe solar cells. In this paper, we use numerical simulations to investigate three crystalline substrates: silicon (Si), InSb, and CdTe itself. Potential problems, especially the non-ideal band alignment of Si and InSb substrates with a CdTe absorber, are found to be a limitation on cell performance. In addition, commercially available CdTe substrates have excessive series resistance leading to a FF loss, and Si has a significant lattice mismatch with CdTe, creating interfacial traps. Possible solutions to overcome the drawbacks of each substrate material are generally discussed. C1 [Song, Tao; Sites, James R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kanevce, Ana] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Song, T (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992900098 ER PT S AU Sopori, B Basnyat, P Devayajanam, S Schnepf, R Sahoo, S Gee, J Severico, F Manens, A Seigneur, H Schoenfeld, WV Preece, S AF Sopori, Bhushan Basnyat, Prakash Devayajanam, Srinivas Schnepf, Rekha Sahoo, Santosh Gee, James Severico, Ferdinando Manens, Antoine Seigneur, Hubert Schoenfeld, Winston V. Preece, Steve GP IEEE TI Analyses of Diamond Wire Sawn Wafers: Effect of Various Cutting Parameters SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE Silicon; diamond wire sawing; lifetime; surface damage AB We have evaluated surface characteristics of diamond wire cut (DWC) wafers sawn under a variety of cutting parameters. These characteristics include surface roughness, spatial frequencies of surface profiles, phase changes, damage depth, and lateral non-uniformities in the surface damage. Various cutting parameters investigated are: wire size, diamond grit size, reciprocating frequency, feed rate, and wire usage. Spatial frequency components of surface topography/roughness are influenced by individual cutting parameters as manifested by distinct peaks in the Fourier transforms of the Dektak profiles. The depth of damage is strongly controlled by diamond grit size and wire usage and to a smaller degree by the wire size. C1 [Sopori, Bhushan; Basnyat, Prakash; Devayajanam, Srinivas; Schnepf, Rekha; Sahoo, Santosh] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Seigneur, Hubert; Schoenfeld, Winston V.; Preece, Steve] PVMC, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Sopori, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901216 ER PT S AU Sopori, B Devayajanam, S Basnyat, P AF Sopori, Bhushan Devayajanam, Srinivas Basnyat, Prakash GP IEEE TI Using Minority Carrier Lifetime Measurement to Determine Saw Damage Characteristics on Si Wafer Surfaces SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE damage; diamond wire; minority carrier lifetime; silicon AB The damage on the Si wafer surfaces, caused by ingot cutting, is determined from measurement of minority carrier lifetime (tau(eff)). Samples are sequentially etched to remove thin layers from each surface and lifetime is measured after each etch step. The thickness-removed at which the lifetime reaches a peak value corresponds to the damage depth. This technique also allows the depth distribution of the damage to be quantified in terms of surface recombination velocity (SRV). An accurate measurement of tau(eff) requires corrections to optical reflection, and transmission to account for changes in the surface morphology and in the wafer thickness. C1 [Sopori, Bhushan; Devayajanam, Srinivas; Basnyat, Prakash] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sopori, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992900154 ER PT S AU Spataru, S Hacke, P Sera, D Glick, S Kerekes, T Teodorescu, R AF Spataru, Sergiu Hacke, Peter Sera, Dezso Glick, Stephen Kerekes, Tamas Teodorescu, Remus GP IEEE TI Quantifying Solar Cell Cracks in Photovoltaic Modules by Electroluminescence Imaging SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE crystalline silicon; cell cracks; diagnosis; electroluminescence; photovoltaic module AB This article proposes a method for quantifying the percentage of partially and totally disconnected solar cell cracks by analyzing electroluminescence images of the photovoltaic module taken under high-and low-current forward bias. The method is based on the analysis of the module's electroluminescence intensity distribution, applied at module and cell level. These concepts are demonstrated on a crystalline silicon photovoltaic module that was subjected to several rounds of mechanical loading and humidity-freeze cycling, causing increasing levels of solar cell cracks. The proposed method can be used as a diagnostic tool to rate cell damage or quality of modules after transportation. Moreover, the method can be automated and used in quality control for module manufacturers, installers, or as a diagnostic tool by plant operators and diagnostic service providers. C1 [Spataru, Sergiu; Sera, Dezso; Kerekes, Tamas; Teodorescu, Remus] Aalborg Univ, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark. [Hacke, Peter; Glick, Stephen] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Spataru, S (reprint author), Aalborg Univ, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902084 ER PT S AU Steiner, MA Geisz, JF Ward, JS Garcia, I Friedman, DJ King, RR Chiu, PT France, RM Duda, A Olavarria, WJ Young, M Kurtz, SR AF Steiner, Myles A. Geisz, John F. Ward, J. Scott Garcia, Ivan Friedman, Daniel J. King, Richard R. Chiu, Philip T. France, Ryan M. Duda, Anna Olavarria, Waldo J. Young, Michelle Kurtz, Sarah R. GP IEEE TI Mechanically stacked four-junction concentrator solar cells SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE III-V solar cell; Mechanical stack; Multijunction solar cell; Photon recycling AB Multijunction solar cells can be fabricated by bonding together component cells that are grown separately. Because the component cells are each grown lattice-matched to suitable substrates, this technique allows alloys of different lattice constants to be combined without the structural defects introduced when using metamorphic buffers. Here we present results on the fabrication and performance of four-junction mechanical stacks composed of GaInP/GaAs and GaInAsP/GaInAs tandems, grown on GaAs and InP substrates, respectively. The two tandems were bonded together with a low-index, transparent epoxy that acts as an omni-directional reflector to the GaAs bandedge luminescence, while simultaneously transmitting nearly all of the sub-bandgap light. As determined by electroluminescence measurements and optical modeling, the GaAs subcell demonstrates a higher internal radiative limit and thus higher subcell voltage, compared with GaAs subcells without enhanced internal optics; all four subcells exhibit excellent material quality. The device was fabricated with four contact terminals so that each tandem can be operated at its maximum power point, which raises the cumulative efficiency and decreases spectral sensitivity. Efficiencies exceeding 38% at one-sun have been demonstrated. Eliminating the series resistance is the key challenge for the concentrator cells. We will discuss the performance of one-sun and concentrator versions of the device, and compare the results to recently fabricated monolithic four-junction cells. C1 [Steiner, Myles A.; Geisz, John F.; Ward, J. Scott; Garcia, Ivan; Friedman, Daniel J.; France, Ryan M.; Duda, Anna; Olavarria, Waldo J.; Young, Michelle; Kurtz, Sarah R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Garcia, Ivan] Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Energia Solar, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [King, Richard R.; Chiu, Philip T.] Boeing Spectrolab, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. RP Steiner, MA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902111 ER PT S AU Steiner, MA Lumb, MP Hoheisel, R Geisz, JF France, RM Scheiman, D Walters, RJ Jenkins, PP AF Steiner, Myles A. Lumb, Matthew P. Hoheisel, Raymond Geisz, John F. France, Ryan M. Scheiman, David Walters, Robert J. Jenkins, Phillip P. GP IEEE TI Radiation effects on luminescent coupling in III-V solar cells SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE III-V solar cell; Luminescent coupling; Multijunction solar cell; Radiation hardness AB Advances in the architecture of GaInP solar cells have recently lead to similar to 21% conversion efficiencies under the global spectrum due to high radiative efficiencies, and the resulting strong luminescent coupling in GaInP/GaAs tandems has lead to record dual-junction efficiencies. The suitability of these newer GaInP cells to space applications has not been examined, however. Here we present a study to compare the radiation hardness of rear-heterojunction and more traditional GaInP junctions and the resulting luminescent coupling. Pairs of GaInP/GaAs tandem cells were irradiated with 1 MeV electrons at fluences up to 10(15) e/cm(2). The cells were thoroughly characterized, before and after irradiation, by measuring the quantum efficiency, IV characteristics, electroluminescence and luminescent coupling. We find the luminescent coupling to be unchanged below similar to 1013 e/cm(2), and to decrease to zero by 10(15) e/cm(2). For all fluence levels, the rear heterojunction structure had a higher coupling constant than the front junction structure. Despite these advantages, the efficiency degraded at the same rate for both structures. C1 [Steiner, Myles A.; Geisz, John F.; France, Ryan M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Lumb, Matthew P.; Scheiman, David; Walters, Robert J.; Jenkins, Phillip P.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lumb, Matthew P.; Hoheisel, Raymond] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Steiner, MA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992900082 ER PT S AU Stockert, TR Fields, JD Pach, GF Mauger, SA van Hest, MFAM AF Stockert, Talysa R. Fields, Jeremy D. Pach, Gregory F. Mauger, Scott A. van Hest, Maikel F. A. M. GP IEEE TI Printed module interconnects SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE interconnects; photovoltaics; atmospheric processing AB Monolithic interconnects in photovoltaic modules connect adjacent cells in series, and are typically formed sequentially involving multiple deposition and scribing steps. Interconnect widths of 500 mu m every 10 mm result in 5 % dead area, which does not contribute to power generation in an interconnected solar panel. This work expands on previous work that introduced an alternative interconnection method capable of producing interconnect widths less than 100 mu m. The interconnect is added to the module in a single step after deposition of the photovoltaic stack, eliminating the need for scribe alignment. This alternative method can be used for all types of thin film photovoltaic modules. Voltage addition with copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS) solar cells using a 2-scribe printed interconnect approach is demonstrated. Additionally, interconnect widths of 250 mu m are shown. C1 [Stockert, Talysa R.; Fields, Jeremy D.; Pach, Gregory F.; Mauger, Scott A.; van Hest, Maikel F. A. M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Stockert, TR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992903021 ER PT S AU Stokes, A Al-Jassim, M Diercks, D Gorman, B AF Stokes, Adam Al-Jassim, Mowafak Diercks, Dave Gorman, Brian GP IEEE TI Alkali segregation and matrix concentrations in thin film Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 at targeted interfaces characterized in 3-D at the nanoscale SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE Thin films; electron microscopy; semiconductor impurities; photovoltaic cells ID SOLAR-CELLS AB Recently, the highest laboratory efficiencies of polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 thin film solar cells have been achieved by introducing alkali impurity atoms, namely K and Na. This contribution will discuss a novel technique used to target grain boundaries with known structure to relate quantified K and Na segregation to matrix elements concentrations. We used this technique to select from roughly 20 grain boundaries with known misorientations, extracted from electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) micrographs, and then chemically analyzed them in 3-D using atom probe tomography (APT). The grain boundaries analyzed exhibited a correlation of K and Na segregation to matrix elements concentrations and grain boundary misorientations. Alkali metal segregation at the interface of CuS/Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 is also discussed. C1 [Stokes, Adam; Diercks, Dave] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Stokes, Adam; Al-Jassim, Mowafak] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Stokes, A (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901200 ER PT S AU Stuckelberger, M West, B Husein, S Guthrey, H Al-Jassim, M Chakraborty, R Buonassisi, T Maser, JM Lai, B Stripe, B Rose, V Bertoni, M AF Stuckelberger, Michael West, Bradley Husein, Sebastian Guthrey, Harvey Al-Jassim, Mowafak Chakraborty, Rupak Buonassisi, Tonio Maser, Joerg M. Lai, Barry Stripe, Benjamin Rose, Volker Bertoni, Mariana GP IEEE TI Latest Developments in the X-Ray Based Characterization of Thin-Film Solar Cells SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE CdTe; CIGS; EBIC; thin-film solar cells; XBIC; XRF ID BEAM-INDUCED CURRENT; MICROSCOPY AB We present the latest developments in the characterization of thin-film solar cells based on the combination of elemental mapping from fluorescence measurements using synchrotron x-rays, with beam induced current from electron and x-ray beams. This is a powerful method to directly correlate compositional variations with charge collection efficiency. We compare different approaches for mapping solar cells both in cross-section and in plan view on CIGS and CdTe solar cells. Based on examples from our latest research, we discuss the experimental approaches and highlight the advantages and limitations of each technique. Finally, we present an outlook to experiments that will allow x-ray based characterization to enter new fields of research that were not accessible before. C1 [Stuckelberger, Michael; West, Bradley; Husein, Sebastian; Bertoni, Mariana] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Guthrey, Harvey; Al-Jassim, Mowafak] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Chakraborty, Rupak; Buonassisi, Tonio] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Maser, Joerg M.; Lai, Barry; Stripe, Benjamin; Rose, Volker] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rose, Volker] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Stuckelberger, M (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Rose, Volker/B-1103-2008; Stuckelberger, Michael/L-7207-2016 OI Rose, Volker/0000-0002-9027-1052; Stuckelberger, Michael/0000-0002-8244-5235 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992900002 ER PT S AU Sun, XS Raguse, J Garris, R Deline, C Silverman, T Alam, MA AF Sun, Xingshu Raguse, John Garris, Rebekah Deline, Chris Silverman, Timothy Alam, Muhammad Ashraful GP IEEE TI A physics-based compact model for CIGS and CdTe solar cells: from voltage-dependent carrier collection to light-enhanced reverse breakdown SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE analytical model; panel simulation; light-enhanced breakdown; partial shading; voltage-dependent photocurrent ID BACK-CONTACT; MODULES; BARRIER AB In this paper, we develop a physics-based compact model for CIGS and CdTe heterojunction solar cells that attributes the failure of superposition to voltage-dependent carrier collection in the absorber layer, and interprets light-enhanced reverse breakdown as a consequence of tunneling-assisted Poole-Frenkel conduction. The temperature dependence of the model is validated against both simulation and experimental data for the entire range of bias conditions. The model can be used to characterize device parameters, optimize new designs, and most importantly, predict performance and reliability of solar panels including the effects of self-heating and reverse breakdown due to partial-shading degradation. C1 [Sun, Xingshu; Alam, Muhammad Ashraful] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Raguse, John] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Garris, Rebekah; Deline, Chris; Silverman, Timothy] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sun, XS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992900188 ER PT S AU Sutterlueti, J Ransome, S Stein, J Scholz, J AF Sutterlueti, Juergen Ransome, Steve Stein, Joshua Scholz, Joerg GP IEEE TI Improved PV Performance Modelling by Combining the PV_LIB Toolbox with the Loss Factors Model (LFM) SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE Energy; Meteorology; Modeling; Photovoltaic systems; Power; Simulation AB PV project investments need comprehensive plant monitoring data in order to validate performance and to fulfil expectations. Algorithms from PV-LIB and Loss Factors Model are being combined to quantify their prediction improvements at Gantner Instruments' Outdoor Test facility at Tempe AZ on multiple Tier 1 technologies. The validation of measured vs. predicted long term performance will be demonstrated to quantify the potential of IV scan monitoring. This will give recommendations on what parameters and methods should be used by investors, test labs, and module producers. C1 [Sutterlueti, Juergen; Scholz, Joerg] Gantner Instruments Environm Solut GmbH, D-08297 Zwoenitz, Germany. [Ransome, Steve] Steve Ransome Consulting Ltd, Kingston Upon Thames KT2 6AF 99, Surrey, England. [Stein, Joshua] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sutterlueti, J (reprint author), Gantner Instruments Environm Solut GmbH, D-08297 Zwoenitz, Germany. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901179 ER PT S AU Swartz, CH Edirisooriya, M Ogedengbe, OS Hancock, BL Sohal, S LeBlanc, EG Jayathilaka, PARD Noriega, OC Holtz, M Myers, TH Zaunbrecher, KN AF Swartz, C. H. Edirisooriya, M. Ogedengbe, O. S. Hancock, B. L. Sohal, S. LeBlanc, E. G. Jayathilaka, P. A. R. D. Noriega, O. C. Holtz, M. Myers, T. H. Zaunbrecher, K. N. GP IEEE TI Study of Recombination in CdMgTe/CdTeSe Heterostructures Using Photoluminescence Intensity and Lifetime Measurements with Confocal Photoluminescence Microscopy SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE II-VI semiconductor materials; Photoluminescence; Semiconductor epitaxial layers; Lifetime estimation ID MINORITY-CARRIER LIFETIME; SOLAR-CELLS; CDTE; VELOCITY AB Intensity-resolved and time-resolved PL are shown to be powerful tools for analyzing recombination in epitaxial CdTe appropriate for photovoltaic applications. Non-radiative defects such as dislocations are easily mapped and quantified by confocal photoluminescence. Very low dislocation density and twin content, as well as very high luminescence efficiency and measured lifetime (450 ns), can be achieved by Se-alloying to lattice match CdTeSe to InSb substrates. Analysis suggests the bulk lifetime for epitaxial CdTeSe is in excess of 700 ns. C1 [Swartz, C. H.; Edirisooriya, M.; Ogedengbe, O. S.; Hancock, B. L.; Sohal, S.; LeBlanc, E. G.; Jayathilaka, P. A. R. D.; Noriega, O. C.; Holtz, M.; Myers, T. H.] Texas State Univ, Mat Sci Engn & Commercializat Program, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Zaunbrecher, K. N.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Swartz, CH (reprint author), Texas State Univ, Mat Sci Engn & Commercializat Program, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901205 ER PT S AU Sweet, CA McNeely, JE Gorman, B Young, DL Ptak, AJ Packard, CE AF Sweet, Cassi A. McNeely, Joshua E. Gorman, Brian Young, David L. Ptak, Aaron J. Packard, Corinne E. GP IEEE TI Engineering controlled spalling in (100)-oriented GaAs for wafer reuse SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE ID LIFT-OFF; FILMS AB Controlled spalling offers a way to cleave thin, single-crystal films or devices from wafers, particularly if the fracture planes in the material are oriented parallel to the wafer surface. Unfortunately, misalignment between the favored fracture planes and the wafer surface preferred for photovoltaic growth in (100)-oriented GaAs produces a highly faceted surface when subject to controlled spalling. This highly faceted cleavage surface is problematic in several ways: (1) it can result in large variations of spall depth due to unstable crack propagation; (2) it may introduce defects into the device zone or underlying substrate; and (3) it consumes many microns of material outside of the device zone. We present the ways in which we have engineered controlled spalling for (100)-oriented GaAs to minimize these effects. We expand the operational window for controlled spalling to avoid spontaneous spalling, find no evidence of dislocation activity in the spalled film or the parent wafer, and reduce facet height and facet height irregularity. Resolving these issues provides a viable path forward for reducing device cost through the controlled spalling of (100)-oriented GaAs devices and subsequent wafer reuse when these processes are combined with a high-throughput growth method such as Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy. C1 [Sweet, Cassi A.; McNeely, Joshua E.; Gorman, Brian; Packard, Corinne E.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Young, David L.; Ptak, Aaron J.; Packard, Corinne E.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sweet, CA (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Packard, Corinne/A-9606-2010 OI Packard, Corinne/0000-0002-5815-8586 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902030 ER PT S AU Tamboli, AC Essig, S Horowitz, KAW Woodhouse, M van Hest, MFAM Norman, AG Steiner, MA Stradins, P AF Tamboli, Adele C. Essig, Stephanie Horowitz, Kelsey A. W. Woodhouse, Michael van Hest, Maikel F. A. M. Norman, Andrew G. Steiner, Myles A. Stradins, Paul GP IEEE TI Indium zinc oxide mediated wafer bonding for III-V/Si tandem solar cells SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE III-V semiconductor materials; silicon; photovoltaic cells; wafer bonding ID LOW-TEMPERATURE; PHOTOVOLTAICS; TRANSPARENT; SILICON; EPITAXY; LAYERS; GAAS AB Silicon-based tandem solar cells are desirable as a high efficiency, economically viable approach to one sun or low concentration photovoltaics. We present an approach to wafer bonded III-V/Si solar cells using amorphous indium zinc oxide (IZO) as an interlayer. We investigate the impact of a heavily doped III-V contact layer on the electrical and optical properties of bonded test samples, including the predicted impact on tandem cell performance. We present economic modeling which indicates that the path to commercial viability for bonded cells includes developing low-cost III-V growth and reducing constraints on material smoothness. If these challenges can be surmounted, bonded tandems on Si can be cost-competitive with incumbent PV technologies, especially in low concentration, single axis tracking systems. C1 [Tamboli, Adele C.; Essig, Stephanie; Horowitz, Kelsey A. W.; Woodhouse, Michael; van Hest, Maikel F. A. M.; Norman, Andrew G.; Steiner, Myles A.; Stradins, Paul] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Tamboli, AC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902193 ER PT S AU Tanakal, T Mizoguchil, K Terasawal, T Okanol, Y Saitol, K Guol, Q Nishiol, M Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W AF Tanakal, T. Mizoguchil, K. Terasawal, T. Okanol, Y. Saitol, K. Guol, Q. Nishiol, M. Yu, K. M. Walukiewicz, W. GP IEEE TI Growth and Characterization of Highly Mismatched Zn1-xCdxTe1-yOy Alloys for Intermediate Band Solar Cells SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE Photovoltaic cells; II-VI semiconductor materials; ZnTeO; intermediate band solar cells AB We report the growth and characterization of the Zn1-xCdxTe1-yOy (ZnCdTeO) layers on ZnTe substrates by molecular beam epitaxy technique for the application of intermediate band solar cells. ZnCdTeO layers with a wide range of Cd and O contents of 0-0.7 and 0.005-0.02, respectively, were grown by changing Cd/(Cd+ Zn) flux ratio and O radical supply. The decrease of the transition energy from valence band (VB) to E- band with increasing Cd content was observed by photo reflectance measurements and the variation was consistent with the theoretical calculations based on the band anticrossing model. T he magnitude of the optical absorption near the transition energy from VB to E- band depended on the Cd content because of the change of the E- band character. C1 [Tanakal, T.; Mizoguchil, K.; Terasawal, T.; Okanol, Y.; Saitol, K.; Guol, Q.; Nishiol, M.] Saga Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Saga 8408502, Japan. [Tanakal, T.] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. [Yu, K. M.; Walukiewicz, W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yu, K. M.] City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Tanakal, T (reprint author), Saga Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Saga 8408502, Japan. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901098 ER PT S AU Warren, EL Kibbler, AE France, RM Norman, AG Olson, JM McMahon, WE AF Warren, Emily L. Kibbler, Alan E. France, Ryan M. Norman, Andrew G. Olson, Jerry M. McMahon, William E. GP IEEE TI Investigation of GaP/Si heteroepitaxy on MOCVD prepared Si(100) surfaces SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE gallium phosphide; MOCVD; silicon; AsH3; heteropitaxy AB Antiphase-domain (APD) free growth of GaP on Si has been achieved on Si surfaces prepared in situ by etching with AsH3. The pre-nucleation AsH3 etching removes O and C contaminants at a relatively low temperature, and creates a single-domain arsenic-terminated Si surface. The As-As dimer rows are all parallel to the step edges, and subsequent GaP growth by MOCVD retains this dimerization orientation. Both LEED and TEM indicate that the resulting epilayer is APD-free, and could thereby serve as a template for III-V/Si multijunction solar cells. C1 [Warren, Emily L.; Kibbler, Alan E.; France, Ryan M.; Norman, Andrew G.; Olson, Jerry M.; McMahon, William E.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Warren, EL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992903120 ER PT S AU Welch, AW Baranowski, LL Lucas, FWD Toberer, ES Wolden, CA Zakutayev, A AF Welch, Adam W. Baranowski, Lauryn L. de Souza Lucas, Francisco Willian Toberer, Eric S. Wolden, Colin A. Zakutayev, Andriy GP IEEE TI Copper antimony chalcogenide thin film PV device development SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE ternary copper metal chalcogenide; combinatorial sputtering; solar cell absorber ID ABSORBER MATERIALS; SOLAR-CELLS; CUSBS2; GROWTH AB Emerging ternary chalcogenide thin film solar cell technologies, such as CuSbS2 and CuSbSe2, have recently attracted attention as simpler alternatives to quaternary Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS). Despite suitable photovoltaic properties, the initial energy conversion efficiency of CuSbS2 is rather low (0.3%). Here, we report on our progress towards improving the efficiency of CuSbS2 solar cells using a high throughput approach. The combinatorial methodology quickly results in baseline solar cell prototypes with 0.6% efficiency, and then modification of the back contact architecture leads to 1% PV devices. We then translate the optimal CuSbS2 synthesis parameters to CuSbSe2 devices, which show 3% efficiencies C1 [Welch, Adam W.; Baranowski, Lauryn L.; de Souza Lucas, Francisco Willian; Zakutayev, Andriy] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Welch, Adam W.; Baranowski, Lauryn L.; Toberer, Eric S.; Wolden, Colin A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [de Souza Lucas, Francisco Willian] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. RP Welch, AW (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Lucas, Francisco/E-8106-2016 OI Lucas, Francisco/0000-0002-4637-8469 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992903094 ER PT S AU West, B Husein, S Stuckelberger, M Lai, B Maser, J Stripe, B Rose, V Guthrey, H Ai-Jassim, M Bertoni, M AF West, Bradley Husein, Sebastian Stuckelberger, Michael Lai, Barry Maser, Joerg Stripe, Benjamin Rose, Volker Guthrey, Harvey Ai-Jassim, Mowafak Bertoni, Mariana GP IEEE TI Correlation between grain composition and charge carrier collection in Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 solar cells SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE current measurement; microstructure; photovoltaic cells; synchrotron radiation; thin films AB Understanding the spatial composition inhomogeneity in CIGS solar cells can provide insight into a potentially large cause of decreased cell efficiency. We used synchrotron based nano x-ray fluorescence and nano x-ray beam induduced current to investigate the correlation between grain-to-grain compositional variations in Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 absorber layers and variations in carrier collection efficiency. We found compositional variations as large as 5 at. % and current variations as large as 10%. Grains with higher average copper concentration and lower indium concentration showed increased carrier collection than neighboring grains with lower copper and higher indium concentration. We also investigated the overall composition dependence of carrier collection in CIGS films and show that 30% gallium content devices show a correlation between charge carrier collection, while 60% content devices do not. C1 [West, Bradley; Husein, Sebastian; Stuckelberger, Michael; Bertoni, Mariana] Arizona State Univ, Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Lai, Barry; Maser, Joerg; Stripe, Benjamin; Rose, Volker] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Rose, Volker] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Guthrey, Harvey; Ai-Jassim, Mowafak] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP West, B (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Rose, Volker/B-1103-2008; Stuckelberger, Michael/L-7207-2016 OI Rose, Volker/0000-0002-9027-1052; Stuckelberger, Michael/0000-0002-8244-5235 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902114 ER PT S AU Wohlgemuth, J Silverman, T Miller, DC McNutt, P Kempe, M Deceglie, M AF Wohlgemuth, John Silverman, Timothy Miller, David C. McNutt, Peter Kempe, Michael Deceglie, Michael GP IEEE TI Evaluation of PV Module Field Performance SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE PV module field inspections; durability; reliability AB This paper describes an effort to inspect and evaluate PV modules in order to determine what failure or degradation modes are occurring in field installations. This paper will report on the results of six site visits, including the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) Hedge Array, Tucson Electric Power (TEP) Springerville, Central Florida Utility, Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC), the TEP Solar Test Yard, and University of Toledo installations. The effort here makes use of a recently developed field inspection data collection protocol, and the results were input into a corresponding database. The results of this work have also been used to develop a draft of the IEC standard for climate and application specific accelerated stress testing beyond module qualification. C1 [Wohlgemuth, John; Silverman, Timothy; Miller, David C.; McNutt, Peter; Kempe, Michael; Deceglie, Michael] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wohlgemuth, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902092 ER PT S AU Woods-Robinson, R Xu, XJ Ager, JW AF Woods-Robinson, Rachel Xu, Xiaojie Ager, Joel W. GP IEEE TI Low-temperature synthesized, p-type transparent conducting material for PV devices SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE transparent conducting material; p-type transparent electrode; np(+) Si; Cu-doped ZnS; contacts AB High performing p-type transparent conducting materials (TCMs) are a missing link in thin film photovoltaic technology. In particular, development of a low-temperature synthesis method for a p-type TCM could allow for novel solar cell architectures in devices with sensitive thermal budgets. Here, we have synthesized Cu-alloyed ZnS (CuZnS) at low temperature (T < 100 degrees C), using both physical and chemical methods, and show it to be a highly hole conducting, transparent semiconductor. Additionally, we have constructed a simple, proof-of-concept PV device on np(+) Si, and show promising photocurrent generation, with a JSC over 30 mV/cm(2). An efficient PV device using a p-type TCM had not been reported in the literature, in particular with a low temperature process. C1 [Woods-Robinson, Rachel; Xu, Xiaojie; Ager, Joel W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Woods-Robinson, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992900108 ER PT S AU Xiao, CX Moutinho, H Jiang, CS To, B Levi, D Yan, YF Al-Jassim, M AF Xiao, Chuanxiao Moutinho, Helio Jiang, Chun-Sheng To, Bobby Levi, Dean Yan, Yanfa Al-Jassim, Mowafak GP IEEE TI Development of Scanning Capacitance Spectroscopy of CIGS Solar Cells SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE Scanning capacitance; sample preparation; CIGS; cross-section; junction; depletion region; resolution ID MICROSCOPY AB We successfully applied scanning capacitance spectroscopy (SCS) on CIGS solar cells. In SCS, a high-quality insulating layer is needed to block the AC and DC conductance between the probe and sample. A sample preparation procedure was developed on CIGS/CdS cross-sectional samples for optimal and reproducible results. Spectra taken with 10-nm intervals showed clear p- and n-type behaviors of CIGS and CdS, respectively. Rapid changes in spectra in the depletion region allowed us to locate the electrical junction with fine resolution of 10-30 nm. C1 [Xiao, Chuanxiao; Moutinho, Helio; Jiang, Chun-Sheng; To, Bobby; Levi, Dean; Al-Jassim, Mowafak] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Yan, Yanfa] Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Xiao, CX (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992900003 ER PT S AU Xiong, KL Mi, HY Chang, TH Wu, MY Gong, SQ Zhou, WD Arnold, M Yuan, HC Ma, ZQ AF Xiong, Kanglin Mi, Hongyi Chang, Tzu-Hsuan Wu, Meng-Yin Gong, Shaoqin Zhou, Weidong Arnold, Michael Yuan, Hao-Chih Ma, Zhenqiang GP IEEE TI AlGaAs/Si dual-junction tandem solar cells fabricated by epitaxial lift-off and print transfer-assisted bonding SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE III-V on Si; AlGaAs/Si; bonding; print-transfer ID SILICON AB Tandem solar cells using different bandgap materials provide higher energy conversion efficiency than single junction cells. However, the need for current matching and lattice matching often restricts the material selection for multi-junction solar cells. To overcome these challenges, we report AlGaAs/Si dual-junction tandem solar cells fabricated by a combined epitaxial lift-off (ELO) and print-transfer method without adhesive layers. Compared to the stacking methods with epoxies, light scattering as well as the need for heat management are avoided here. Furthermore, the epitaxial lift-off approach can help save substrates for re-use and thus is promising to lower the cost of photovoltaic panels. C1 [Xiong, Kanglin; Mi, Hongyi; Chang, Tzu-Hsuan; Ma, Zhenqiang] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1415 Johnson Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wu, Meng-Yin; Arnold, Michael] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Gong, Shaoqin] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biomed Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zhou, Weidong] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Yuan, Hao-Chih] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ma, ZQ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1415 Johnson Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mazq@engr.wisc.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992900007 ER PT S AU Young, DL Nemeth, W LaSalvia, V Reedy, R Bateman, N Stradins, P AF Young, David L. Nemeth, William LaSalvia, Vincenzo Reedy, Robert Bateman, Nicholas Stradins, Pauls GP IEEE TI Ion Implanted Passivated Contacts for Interdigitated Back Contacted Solar Cells SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE Contacts; ion implantation; photovoltaic cells; silicon ID SI AB We describe work towards an interdigitated back contacted (IBC) solar cell utilizing ion implanted, passivated contacts. Formation of electron and hole passivated contacts to n-type CZ wafers using tunneling SiO2 and ion implanted amorphous silicon (a-Si) are described. P and B were ion implanted into intrinsic amorphous Si films at several doses and energies. A series of post-implant anneals showed that the passivation quality improved with increasing annealing temperatures up to 900 degrees C. The recombination parameter, J(o), as measured by a Sinton lifetime tester, was J(o) similar to 14 fA/cm(2) for Si: P, and J(o) similar to 56 fA/cm(2) for Si: B contacts. The contact resistivity for the passivated contacts, as measured by TLM patterns, was 14 milliohm-cm(2) for the n-type contact and 0.6 milliohm-cm(2) for the p-type contact. These J(o) and p(contact) values are encouraging for forming IBC cells using ion implantation to spatially define dopants. C1 [Young, David L.; Nemeth, William; LaSalvia, Vincenzo; Reedy, Robert; Stradins, Pauls] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Bateman, Nicholas] Appl Mat Inc, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. RP Young, DL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902101 ER PT S AU Zaunbrecher, K Burst, J Seyedmohammadi, S Malik, R Li, JV Gessert, TA Barnes, T AF Zaunbrecher, Katherine Burst, James Seyedmohammadi, Shahram Malik, Roger Li, Jian V. Gessert, Timothy A. Barnes, Teresa GP IEEE TI Device Fabrication Using Crystalline CdTe and CdTe Ternary Alloys Grown by MBE SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE epitaxial layers; photovoltaic cells; thin films AB We fabricated epitaxial CdTe:In/CdTe:As homojunction and CdZnTe/CdTe and CdMgTe/CdTe heterojunction devices grown on bulk CdTe substrates in order to study the fundamental device physics of CdTe solar cells. Selection of emitter-layer alloys was based on passivation studies using double heterostructures as well as band alignment. Initial results show significant device integration challenges, including low dopant activation, high resistivity substrates and the development of low-resistance contacts. To date, the highest open-circuit voltage is 715 mV in a CdZnTe/CdTe heterojunction following anneal, while the highest fill factor of 52% was attained in an annealed CdTe homojunction. In general, all current-voltage measurements show high series resistance, capacitance-voltages measurements show variable doping, and quantum efficiency measurements show low collection. Ongoing work includes overcoming the high resistance in these devices and addressing other possible device limitations such as non-optimum junction depth, interface recombination, and reduced bulk lifetime due to structural defects. C1 [Zaunbrecher, Katherine; Burst, James; Li, Jian V.; Gessert, Timothy A.; Barnes, Teresa] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Zaunbrecher, Katherine] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Seyedmohammadi, Shahram; Malik, Roger] First Solar Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95050 USA. RP Zaunbrecher, K (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902044 ER PT S AU Zaunbrecher, KN Dippo, P Kuciauskas, D Gessert, TA Barnes, TM Edirisooriya, M Jayathilaka, PARD Ogedengbe, OS Myers, TH AF Zaunbrecher, Katherine N. Dippo, Pat Kuciauskas, Darius Gessert, Timothy A. Barnes, Teresa M. Edirisooriya, Madhavie Jayathilaka, Pathiraja A. R. D. Ogedengbe, Olanrewaju S. Myers, Thomas H. GP IEEE TI Photoluminescence of Crystalline CdTe Double Heterostructures Grown by MBE SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE photoluminescence; epitaxial layers; thin films; photovoltaic cells AB Low-temperature photoluminescence (LTPL) and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) were used to study bulk material and interface properties of MBE-grown CdTe. CdTe and CdTe ternary-alloy double heterostructures (DH) grown on CdTe and InSb substrates show LTPL emission from excitons, dislocations, and other defects. Photoluminescence spectra changed with material composition and quality, with near-band exciton emissions increasing and emissions related to extended and point defects decreasing as defect density decreased and interfaces improved. Measured lifetimes from TRPL decay curves also reflected the quality of the DHs. Data showed that overall DH quality depends more upon buffer thicknesses than absorber layer thicknesses. CdTe/CdMgTe DHs grown on InSb substrates had the highest near-band PL and lowest defect emission as seen in low-temperature spectral emission and highest lifetimes in TRPL data. C1 [Zaunbrecher, Katherine N.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zaunbrecher, Katherine N.; Dippo, Pat; Kuciauskas, Darius; Gessert, Timothy A.; Barnes, Teresa M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Edirisooriya, Madhavie; Jayathilaka, Pathiraja A. R. D.; Ogedengbe, Olanrewaju S.; Myers, Thomas H.] Texas State Univ, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Zaunbrecher, KN (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901206 ER PT S AU Noonan, CF Stratton, KG AF Noonan, Christine F. Stratton, Kelly G. GP IEEE TI Improving Scientific Communication and Publication Output in a Multidisciplinary Laboratory: Changing Culture through Staff Development Workshops SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION CONFERENCE (IPCC) SE IEEE International Professional Communication Conference (IPCC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Professional Communication Conference (IPCC) CY JUL 12-15, 2015 CL Limerick, IRELAND SP IEEE, IEEE Profess Commun Soc DE Learning-intensive workplace; publishing; technical writing; workplace learning ID WORKPLACE AB Communication plays a fundamental role in science and engineering disciplines. However, many higher education programs provide little, if any, technical communication coursework. Without strong communication skills scientists and engineers have less opportunity to publish, obtain competitive research funds, or grow their careers. This article describes the role of scientific communication training as an innovative staff development program in a learning-intensive workplace - a national scientific research and development laboratory. The findings show that involvement in the workshop has increased overall participating staff annual publications by an average of 61 percent compared to their pre-workshop publishing performance as well as confidence level in their ability to write and publish peer-reviewed literature. Secondary benefits include improved information literacy skills and the development of informal communities of practice. This work provides insight into adult education in the workplace. C1 [Noonan, Christine F.; Stratton, Kelly G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Noonan, CF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Christine.Noonan@pnnl.gov; Kelly.Stratton@pnnl.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-091X BN 978-1-4799-3375-4 J9 IEEE INT PROF COMMUN PY 2015 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE3HA UT WOS:000370709700011 ER PT S AU Greene, ER Himmel, ME Beckham, GT Tan, ZP AF Greene, Eric R. Himmel, Michael E. Beckham, Gregg T. Tan, Zhongping BE Baker, DC Horton, D TI Glycosylation of Cellulases: Engineering Better Enzymes for Biofuels SO ADVANCES IN CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY, VOL 72 SE Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID TRICHODERMA-REESEI CELLOBIOHYDROLASE; CELLULOSE-BINDING DOMAIN; BETA-N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINIDASE; X-RAY-SCATTERING; STRUCTURE-GUIDED RECOMBINATION; STEAM PRETREATED SOFTWOOD; YEAST PICHIA-PASTORIS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE; HYPOCREA-JECORINA C1 [Greene, Eric R.; Tan, Zhongping] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Greene, Eric R.; Tan, Zhongping] Univ Colorado, BioFrontiers Inst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Himmel, Michael E.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO USA. [Beckham, Gregg T.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO USA. RP Greene, ER (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 236 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2318 BN 978-0-12-802141-5 J9 ADV CARBOHYD CHEM BI JI Adv. Carbohydr .Chem. Biochem. PY 2015 VL 72 BP 63 EP 112 DI 10.1016/bs.accb.2015.08.001 PG 50 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA BE3CZ UT WOS:000370527100004 PM 26613815 ER PT S AU Miller, S Karaoz, U Brodie, E Dunbar, S AF Miller, Steve Karaoz, Ulas Brodie, Eoin Dunbar, Sherry BE Sails, A Tang, YW TI Solid and Suspension Microarrays for Microbial Diagnostics SO CURRENT AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF MICROBIAL INFECTIONS SE Methods in Microbiology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE DETERMINANTS; NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; RAPIDLY GROWING MYCOBACTERIA; EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES; RISK HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION C1 [Miller, Steve] Univ Calif San Francisco, Clin Microbiol Lab, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Karaoz, Ulas; Brodie, Eoin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dunbar, Sherry] Luminex Corp, Austin, TX USA. RP Dunbar, S (reprint author), Luminex Corp, Austin, TX USA. EM sdunbar@luminexcorp.com RI Brodie, Eoin/A-7853-2008; Karaoz, Ulas/J-7093-2014 OI Brodie, Eoin/0000-0002-8453-8435; NR 182 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0580-9517 BN 978-0-12-803297-8 J9 METHOD MICROBIOL JI Methods Microbiol. PY 2015 VL 42 BP 395 EP 431 DI 10.1016/bs.mim.2015.04.002 PG 37 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA BE3BP UT WOS:000370481700012 ER PT S AU White, RA de Cardenas, JNB Hayden, RT AF White, Richard Allen de Cardenas, Jessica N. Brazelton Hayden, Randall T. BE Sails, A Tang, YW TI Virology: The Next Generation from Digital PCR to Single Virion Genomics SO CURRENT AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF MICROBIAL INFECTIONS SE Methods in Microbiology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID MULTIPLE DISPLACEMENT AMPLIFICATION; REAL-TIME PCR; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CLINICAL UTILITY; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; VIRAL LOAD C1 [White, Richard Allen] Univ British Columbia, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [White, Richard Allen] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [de Cardenas, Jessica N. Brazelton; Hayden, Randall T.] St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. RP White, RA (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. EM raw937@gmail.com NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0580-9517 BN 978-0-12-803297-8 J9 METHOD MICROBIOL JI Methods Microbiol. PY 2015 VL 42 BP 555 EP 567 DI 10.1016/bs.mim.2015.09.001 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA BE3BP UT WOS:000370481700017 ER PT S AU Kiran, MSRN Haberl, B Bradby, JE Williams, JS AF Kiran, Mangalampalli S. R. N. Haberl, Bianca Bradby, Jodie E. Williams, James S. BE Romano, L Privitera, V Jagadish, C TI Nanoindentation of Silicon and Germanium SO DEFECTS IN SEMICONDUCTORS SE Semiconductors and Semimetals LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INDUCED PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; IMPLANTED AMORPHOUS-SILICON; ULTRA-MICRO-INDENTATION; HIGH-PRESSURE PHASES; SPHERICAL INDENTATION; RAMAN MICROSPECTROSCOPY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TRANSITIONS; GE C1 [Kiran, Mangalampalli S. R. N.; Haberl, Bianca; Bradby, Jodie E.; Williams, James S.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys & Engn, Dept Elect Mat Engn, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Haberl, Bianca] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Williams, JS (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys & Engn, Dept Elect Mat Engn, Canberra, ACT, Australia. EM Jim.Williams@anu.edu.au RI Haberl, Bianca/F-9058-2011 OI Haberl, Bianca/0000-0002-7391-6031 NR 98 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0080-8784 BN 978-0-12-801935-1 J9 SEMICONDUCT SEMIMET JI Semicond. Sdemimet. PY 2015 VL 91 BP 165 EP 203 DI 10.1016/bs.semsem.2014.12.002 PG 39 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BE3BS UT WOS:000370489100006 ER PT J AU Mentes, TO Sala, A Locatelli, A Vescovo, E Ablett, JM Nino, MA AF Mentes, T. O. Sala, A. Locatelli, A. Vescovo, E. Ablett, J. M. Nino, M. A. TI Phase Coexistence in Two-Dimensional Fe0.70Ni0.30 Films on W(110) SO E-JOURNAL OF SURFACE SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Iron; Nickel; Alloy; Low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM); Surface structure; morphology; roughness; and topography ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; NI; DECOMPOSITION; IRRADIATION; ALLOYS; W(100) AB Using low energy electron microscopy, diffraction and x-ray photoemission electron microscopy, we study the phase separation in an Fe-Ni alloy film on W(110) at around 30 at.%Ni and at monolayer thickness. At high temperature, the monolayer-thick alloy is shown to transform into a biphase with submicron regions of different surface density exhibiting (1 x 1) and (1 x 8) structures. The former is pseudomorphic to the bcc substrate, whereas the latter is a slightly-distorted hexagonal adlayer lattice reminiscent of an fcc(111) monolayer. The stoichiometries of the two monolayer phases are Fe0.85Ni0.15 and Fe0.58Ni0.42 in laterally resolved x-ray photoemission microscopy measurements, with the bcc phase rich in Fe compared to the fcc one. This heterogeneous surface can be viewed as the two-dimensional limit of the bcc-fcc phase separation observed in thick films and in bulk Fe-Ni near the same composition. The length scale associated with the lateral heterogeneity in the monolayer film is much larger than the one observed in bulk alloys, suggesting that surface transport is the key mechanism in the kinetics of the phase separation process. C1 [Mentes, T. O.; Sala, A.; Locatelli, A.] Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34149 Trieste, Italy. [Vescovo, E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Ablett, J. M.] Synchrotron Soleil, F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Nino, M. A.] IMDEA Nanosci, Madrid 28049, Spain. RP Mentes, TO (reprint author), Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34149 Trieste, Italy. EM tevfik.mentes@elettra.eu RI Nino Orti, Miguel Angel/M-2571-2014; Sala, Alessandro/E-8126-2015; OI Nino Orti, Miguel Angel/0000-0003-3692-147X; Sala, Alessandro/0000-0002-5845-1301; Mentes, Tevfik Onur/0000-0003-0413-9272 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SURFACE SCI SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA HONGO CORP 402, 2-40-13 HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 1348-0391 J9 E-J SURF SCI NANOTEC JI e-J. Surf. Sci. Nanotec. PY 2015 VL 13 BP 256 EP 260 DI 10.1380/ejssnt.2015.256 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DE5YS UT WOS:000370710000056 ER PT J AU Joshi, PC Kuruganti, T Killough, SM AF Joshi, Pooran C. Kuruganti, Teja Killough, Stephen M. TI Impact of Pulse Thermal Processing on the Properties of Inkjet Printed Metal and Flexible Sensors SO ECS JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS; STRAIN; NANOPARTICLES; ELASTOMERS AB We report on the low temperature processing of environmental sensors employing pulse thermal processing (PTP) technique to define a path toward flexible sensor technology on plastic, paper, and fabric substrates. Inkjet printing and pulse thermal processing technique were used to realize mask-less, additive integration of low-cost sensors on polymeric substrates with specific focus on temperature, humidity, and strain sensors. The printed metal line performance was evaluated in terms of the electrical conductivity characteristics as a function of post-deposition thermal processing conditions. The PTP processed Ag metal lines exhibited high conductivity with metal sheet resistance values below 100 m Omega/square using a pulse width as short as 250 mu s. The flexible temperature and relative humidity sensors were defined on flexible polyimide substrates by direct printing of Ag metal structures. The printed resistive temperature sensor and capacitive humidity sensor were characterized for their sensitivity with focus on future smart-building applications. Strain gauges were printed on polyimide substrate to determine the mechanical properties of the silver nanoparticle films. The observed electrical properties of the printed metal lines and the sensitivity of the flexible sensors show promise for the realization of a high performance print-on-demand technology exploiting low thermal-budget PTP technique. (C) The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. C1 [Joshi, Pooran C.; Kuruganti, Teja; Killough, Stephen M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Joshi, PC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM joshipc@ornl.gov FU DOE Building Technologies Office; ORNL's LDRD Funding; U.S. Government [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The work was primarily sponsored by DOE Building Technologies Office, and partially by ORNL's LDRD funding. The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S. Government under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 2162-8769 J9 ECS J SOLID STATE SC JI ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. PY 2015 VL 4 IS 4 BP P3091 EP P3096 DI 10.1149/2.0161504jss PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA DE5RU UT WOS:000370690500005 ER PT J AU Mamun, MA Zhang, K Baumgart, H Elmustafa, AA AF Mamun, M. A. Zhang, K. Baumgart, H. Elmustafa, A. A. TI Nanomechanical and Morphological Characterization of Tungsten Trioxide (WO3) Thin Films Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition SO ECS JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITIONS; OXIDE FILMS; REFINEMENT; HARDNESS AB This study investigates the nanomechanical properties and surface morphology of tungsten oxide (WO3) thin films deposited on p-type Si (100) substrates using atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology with 2000 ALD deposition cycles at a growth temperature of 300 degrees C and annealed at different temperatures. The samples were further furnace annealed at 500, 600 and 700 degrees C for 60 min. The influence of the deposition process on the structure and properties of the WO3 films is discussed, presented and correlated to the characteristic features of the ALD technique. The results depict significant difference in the hardness and modulus measurements between the as deposited sample and the annealed ones. The hardness and modulus drop from 14 and 170 GPa for the as deposited sample to 10 and 140 GPa for the annealed ones respectively. Surface roughness was observed to increase with annealing temperature and the initially amorphous as deposited sample reached complete recrystallization and transformed into polycrystalline films as indicated by XRD. (C) The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [Mamun, M. A.; Elmustafa, A. A.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Mamun, M. A.; Zhang, K.; Baumgart, H.; Elmustafa, A. A.] Thomas Jefferson Lab, Appl Res Ctr, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Zhang, K.; Baumgart, H.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Mamun, MA (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM aelmusta@odu.edu NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 2162-8769 J9 ECS J SOLID STATE SC JI ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. PY 2015 VL 4 IS 9 BP P398 EP P401 DI 10.1149/2.0241509jss PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA DE3YQ UT WOS:000370566800012 ER PT J AU Pudasaini, PR Noh, JH Wong, A Haglund, AV Dai, S Ward, TZ Mandrus, D Rack, PD AF Pudasaini, Pushpa Raj Noh, Joo Hyon Wong, Anthony Haglund, Amanda V. Dai, Sheng Ward, Thomas Zac Mandrus, David Rack, Philip D. TI Ionic Liquid versus SiO2 Gated a-IGZO Thin Film Transistors: A Direct Comparison SO ECS JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; HIGH-MOBILITY; TEMPERATURE; OXYGEN; SUPPRESSION; TRANSPORT AB Ionic liquid gated field effect transistors have been extensively studied due to their low operation voltage, ease of processing and the realization of high electric fields at low bias voltages. Here, we report ionic liquid (IL) gated thin film transistors (TFTs) based on amorphous Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide (a-IGZO) active layers and directly compare the characteristics with a standard SiO2 gated device. The transport measurements of the top IL gated device revealed the n-channel property of the IGZO thin film with a current ON/OFF ratio similar to 10(5), a promising field effect mobility of 14.20 cm(2)V(-1)s(-1), and a threshold voltage of 0.5 V. Comparable measurements on the bottom SiO2 gate insulator revealed a current ON/OFF ratio >10(8), a field effect mobility of 13.89 cm(2)V(-1)s(-1) and a threshold voltage of 2.5 V. Furthermore, temperature-dependent measurements revealed that the ionic liquid electric double layer can be "frozen-in" by cooling below the glass transition temperature with an applied electrical bias. Positive and negative freezing bias locks-in the IGZOTFT "ON" and "OFF" state, respectively, which could lead to new switching and possibly non-volatile memory applications. (C) 2015 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Pudasaini, Pushpa Raj; Noh, Joo Hyon; Wong, Anthony; Haglund, Amanda V.; Mandrus, David; Rack, Philip D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wong, Anthony; Haglund, Amanda V.; Ward, Thomas Zac; Mandrus, David] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Rack, Philip D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pudasaini, PR (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM prack@utk.edu RI Ward, Thomas/I-6636-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015; OI Ward, Thomas/0000-0002-1027-9186; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931; Haglund, Amanda/0000-0003-3973-9577 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS Initiative [GBMF4416]; US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; US DOE [DE-SC0002136] FX PRP, AVH and DM acknowledge funding by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS Initiative through Grant GBMF4416. TZW acknowledges support by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Materials Sciences and Engineering Division and AW acknowledges US DOE grant DE-SC0002136. PDR acknowledges his contribution (device concept and manuscript preparation) and all the authors acknowledge that the device synthesis was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 22 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 2162-8769 J9 ECS J SOLID STATE SC JI ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. PY 2015 VL 4 IS 9 BP Q105 EP Q109 DI 10.1149/2.0141509jss PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA DE3YQ UT WOS:000370566800013 ER PT J AU Chaukulkar, RP de Peuter, K Ghodes, JA Pylypenko, S Cloud, JE Yang, YG Stradins, P Agarwal, S AF Chaukulkar, Rohan P. de Peuter, Koen Ghodes, Jacob A. Pylypenko, Svitlana Cloud, Jacqueline E. Yang, Yongan Stradins, Paul Agarwal, Sumit TI Single-step non-thermal plasma synthesis of 3C-SiC nanoparticles SO MATERIALS RESEARCH EXPRESS LA English DT Article DE 3C-SiC nanoparticles; non-thermal plasma; fluorescent markers ID FLUORESCENT BIOLOGICAL LABELS; SILICON-CARBIDE FILMS; QUANTUM DOTS; CARBON-FILMS; NANOCRYSTALS; SURFACE; LUMINESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONICS; REDUCTION AB We present a scalable, single-step, non-thermal plasma synthesis technique for the growth of sub5 nm, hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) coated 3C-SiC nanoparticles (NPs). In a tubular flow reactor, we first nucleate and grow c-Si NPs upstream in a SiH4/Ar plasma. These c-Si NPs are then transported by gas flow to a downstream C2H2/Ar plasma, and carburized in-flight by carbon-containing radicals and ions to 3C-SiC NPs. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy indicate an NP size of similar to 4 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirms that the c-Si NPs are completely carburized to 3C-SiC. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows that the surface of the 3C-SiC NPs is coated with a-C: H with some alkenyl termination, which can facilitate further solution-based surface functionalization for biomedical applications. C1 [Chaukulkar, Rohan P.; Ghodes, Jacob A.; Agarwal, Sumit] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [de Peuter, Koen] Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Pylypenko, Svitlana; Cloud, Jacqueline E.; Yang, Yongan] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Stradins, Paul] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Chaukulkar, RP (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM sagarwal@mines.edu RI Yang, Yongan/C-2688-2011; Agarwal, Sumit/D-8950-2011 OI Yang, Yongan/0000-0003-1451-2923; FU NSF CAREER program [CBET 0846923]; US Department of Energy with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; Eindhoven University of Technology FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the NSF CAREER program (Grant No. CBET 0846923). PS acknowledges support from US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. KdP acknowledges support from the Eindhoven University of Technology. The authors would also like to thank the surface analysis group at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for support and access to the XPS. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2053-1591 J9 MATER RES EXPRESS JI Mater. Res. Express PD JAN PY 2015 VL 2 IS 1 AR 015019 DI 10.1088/2053-1591/2/1/015019 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA DD5QG UT WOS:000369978500019 ER PT J AU Lloyd, RE Streeter, SD Foster, PG Littlewood, DTJ Huntley, J Beckham, GT Himmel, ME Cragg, SM AF Lloyd, Rhiannon E. Streeter, Simon D. Foster, Peter G. Littlewood, D. Timothy J. Huntley, Jim Beckham, Gregg T. Himmel, Michael E. Cragg, Simon M. TI The complete mitochondrial genome of Limnoria quadripunctata Holthuis (Isopoda: Limnoriidae) SO MITOCHONDRIAL DNA LA English DT Article DE Crustacea; gribble; mitogenome ID RACCOON DOG AB The complete mitochondrial genome of Limnoria quadripunctata, a marine wood-eating isopod crustacean, was determined from whole genome sequence data. The mitogenome is 16,503 bp in length and contains 39 genes: 13 protein-coding, 2 ribosomal RNA, 22 tRNA, two of which are repeated and a control region. The start codon most commonly used by the Limnoria protein-coding genes is ATN, as is the case in the two other available complete isopod mitogenomes. The gene arrangement differs among these complete isopod mitogenomes, as does the AT-content of H-strand protein-coding genes. The latter observations, coupled with the considerable nucleotide diversity observed between the isopod mitogenomes, support the idea that each isopod species belongs to a distinct lineage as implied by their current placement in separate suborders. C1 [Lloyd, Rhiannon E.] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Biomed & Biomol Sci, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, Hants, England. [Streeter, Simon D.; Cragg, Simon M.] Univ Portsmouth, Sch Biol Sci, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, Hants, England. [Foster, Peter G.; Littlewood, D. Timothy J.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Life Sci, London SW7 5BD, England. [Huntley, Jim] Univ Colorado, BioFrontiers Inst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Beckham, Gregg T.] Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO USA. [Himmel, Michael E.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO USA. RP Lloyd, RE (reprint author), Univ Portsmouth, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Biomed & Biomol Sci, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, Hants, England. EM rhiannon.lloyd@port.ac.uk RI Cragg, Simon/C-8463-2011 OI Cragg, Simon/0000-0003-1082-7653 FU University of Portsmouth; Forest Science & Technology Projects by Korea Forest Service [S211013L020100] FX The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this article. The authors are grateful for the provision of Research Development Funds from the University of Portsmouth.; The authors report no conflict of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this article. This study was supported by Forest Science & Technology Projects (Project No. S211013L020100) provided by Korea Forest Service. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1940-1736 EI 1940-1744 J9 MITOCHONDR DNA JI Mitochondrial DNA PY 2015 VL 26 IS 6 BP 825 EP 828 DI 10.3109/19401736.2013.855912 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA DD3PL UT WOS:000369834600007 PM 24409843 ER PT B AU Falcon, RE Rochau, GA Bailey, JE Gomez, TA Montgomery, MH Winget, DE Nagayama, T AF Falcon, Ross E. Rochau, G. A. Bailey, J. E. Gomez, T. A. Montgomery, M. H. Winget, D. E. Nagayama, T. BE Dufour, P Bergeron, P Fontaine, G TI Which Hydrogen Balmer Lines are Most Reliable for Determining White Dwarf Atmospheric Parameters? SO 19TH EUROPEAN WORKSHOP ON WHITE DWARFS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th European Workshop on White Dwarfs CY AUG 11-15, 2014 CL Univ Montreal, Montreal, CANADA SP Univ Montreal HO Univ Montreal ID STARK-BROADENING TABLES; MASS-DISTRIBUTION; PHOTOSPHERES; UNIVERSE AB Our preliminary results from laboratory experiments studying white dwarf (WD) photospheres show a systematic difference between experimental plasma conditions inferred from measured Hp absorption line profiles versus those from H gamma. One hypothesis for this discrepancy is an inaccuracy in the relative theoretical line profiles of these two transitions. This is intriguing because atmospheric parameters inferred from H Balmer lines in observed WD spectra show systematic trends such that inferred surface gravities decrease with increasing principal quantum number, n. If conditions inferred from lower-n Balmer lines are indeed more accurate, this suggests that spectroscopically determined DA WD masses may be greater than previously thought and in better agreement with the mean mass determined from gravitational redshifts. C1 [Falcon, Ross E.; Gomez, T. A.; Montgomery, M. H.; Winget, D. E.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, RLM 15308, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Falcon, Ross E.; Gomez, T. A.; Montgomery, M. H.; Winget, D. E.] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Falcon, Ross E.; Rochau, G. A.; Bailey, J. E.; Nagayama, T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Falcon, RE (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, RLM 15308, Austin, TX 78712 USA.; Falcon, RE (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM cylver@astro.as.utexas.edu; gomezt@astro.as.utexas.edu; mikemon@astro.as.utexas.edu; dew@astro.as.utexas.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-871-8; 978-1-58381-870-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 493 BP 399 EP 404 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE2LS UT WOS:000369565800077 ER PT B AU Saumon, D Starrett, CE Daligaulti, J AF Saumon, D. Starrett, C. E. Daligaulti, J. BE Dufour, P Bergeron, P Fontaine, G TI Diffusion Coefficients in White Dwarfs SO 19TH EUROPEAN WORKSHOP ON WHITE DWARFS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th European Workshop on White Dwarfs CY AUG 11-15, 2014 CL Univ Montreal, Montreal, CANADA SP Univ Montreal HO Univ Montreal ID PLASMAS AB Models of diffusion in white dwarfs universally rely on the coefficients calculated by Paquette et al. ( 1986). We present new calculations of diffusion coefficients based on an advanced microscopic theory of dense plasmas and a numerical simulation approach that intrinsically accounts for multiple collisions. Our method is yalidated against a state-of-the-art method and we present results for the diffusion of carbon ions in a helium plasma. C1 [Saumon, D.; Starrett, C. E.; Daligaulti, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Saumon, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM dsaumon@1an1.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-871-8; 978-1-58381-870-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 493 BP 419 EP 422 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE2LS UT WOS:000369565800081 ER PT B AU Smith, JA Tucker, DL Fix, MB Wester, WC Tremblay, PE Charbonnier, S AF Smith, J. Allyn Tucker, Douglas L. Fix, Mees B. Wester, William C. Tremblay, P-E. Charbonnier, Severin BE Dufour, P Bergeron, P Fontaine, G TI Using White Dwarfs to Calibrate the Dark Energy Survey SO 19TH EUROPEAN WORKSHOP ON WHITE DWARFS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th European Workshop on White Dwarfs CY AUG 11-15, 2014 CL Univ Montreal, Montreal, CANADA SP Univ Montreal HO Univ Montreal ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SYSTEM AB The Dark Energy Survey (DES) is an optical (grizY) program which is currently imaging 5000 sq. deg. in the southern galactic cap. An internal relative calibration scheme has been devised to tie the survey uniformly. However, coupling the DES to an external standard in order to ultimately set the filter zeropoints to a known flux scale will make use of DA white dwarfs. We describe the WD characterization program and present a current status of the effort. C1 [Smith, J. Allyn; Fix, Mees B.] Austin Peay State Univ, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. [Tucker, Douglas L.; Wester, William C.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. [Tremblay, P-E.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Charbonnier, Severin] Ecole Polytech, F-75230 Paris, France. RP Smith, JA (reprint author), Austin Peay State Univ, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. EM smithj@apsu.edu; dtucker@fnal.gov; mfix@my.apsu.edu; wester@fnal.gov; tremblay@stsci.edu; severin.charbonnier@gmail.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-871-8; 978-1-58381-870-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 493 BP 459 EP 462 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE2LS UT WOS:000369565800088 ER PT S AU Hassell, T Weaver, WW Robinett, RD Wilson, DG Parker, GG AF Hassell, Trever Weaver, Wayne W. Robinett, Rush D., III Wilson, David G. Parker, Gordon G. GP IEEE TI Modeling of Inverter Based Ac Microgrids for Control Development SO 2015 IEEE CONFERENCE ON CONTROL AND APPLICATIONS (CCA 2015) SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Control and Applications (CCA) CY SEP 21-23, 2015 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IFAC, Univ New S Wales, Univ Melbourne, Univ Newcastle, MathWorks, IEEE CAA Journal Automatica Sinica, Univ Western Australia ID ENERGY-STORAGE REQUIREMENTS; DC MICROGRIDS AB This paper will present the model formulation and testing for the integration of renewable energy into networked ac bus microgrid. This paper presents a model of an inverter based ac microgrid that is appropriate for use in advanced control schemes, such as Hamiltonian Surface Shaping and Power Flow Control (HSSPFC). A two inverter three phase ac system with a wye connected resistor-capacitor load is developed, and an example system is presented. The model development will show the electrical power network transformation from the abc to the 0dq domain. Testing and verification procedures will also be discussed demonstrating its behavior. C1 [Hassell, Trever; Weaver, Wayne W.; Robinett, Rush D., III; Parker, Gordon G.] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Wilson, David G.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hassell, T (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-1992 BN 978-1-4799-7787-1 J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR PY 2015 BP 1347 EP 1353 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE2ID UT WOS:000369332000193 ER PT J AU Canini, L Chatterjee, A Guedj, J Lemenuel-Diot, A Brennan, B Smith, PF Perelson, AS AF Canini, Laetitia Chatterjee, Anushree Guedj, Jeremie Lemenuel-Diot, Annabelle Brennan, Barbara Smith, Patrick F. Perelson, Alan S. TI A pharmacokinetic/viral kinetic model to evaluate the treatment effectiveness of danoprevir against chronic HCV SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; GENOTYPE 1 INFECTION; PROTEASE INHIBITOR; VIRAL KINETICS; VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE; PEG-IFN; THERAPY; RIBAVIRIN; TELAPREVIR; DACLATASVIR AB Background: Viral kinetic models have proven useful to characterize treatment effectiveness during HCV therapy with interferon (IFN) or with direct-acting antivirals. Methods: We use a pharmacokinetic/viral kinetic (PK/VK) model to describe HCV RNA kinetics during treatment with danoprevir, a protease inhibitor. In a Phase I study, danoprevir monotherapy was administered for 14 days in ascending doses ranging from 200 to 600 mg per day to 40 patients of whom 32 were treatment-naive and 8 were non-responders to prior pegylated IFN-alpha/ribavirin treatment. Results: In all patients, a biphasic decline of HCV RNA during therapy was observed. A two-compartment PK model and a VK model that considered treatment effectiveness to vary with the predicted danoprevir concentration inside the second compartment provided a good fit to the viral load data. A time-varying effectiveness model was also used to fit the viral load data. The antiviral effectiveness increased in a dose-dependent manner, with a 14-day time-averaged effectiveness of 0.95 at the lowest dose (100 mg twice daily) and 0.99 at the highest dose (200 mg three times daily). Prior IFN non-responders exhibited a 14-day time-averaged effectiveness of 0.98 (300 mg twice daily). The second phase decline showed two different behaviours, with 30% of patients exhibiting a rapid decline of HCV RNA, comparable to that seen with other protease inhibitors (>0.3 day(-1)), whereas the viral decline was slower in the other patients. Conclusions: Our results are consistent with the modest SVR rates from the INFORM-SVR study where patients were treated with a combination of mericitabine and ritonavir-boosted danoprevir. C1 [Canini, Laetitia; Chatterjee, Anushree; Perelson, Alan S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Chatterjee, Anushree] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chatterjee, Anushree] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Guedj, Jeremie] IAME, INSERM, UMR 1137, Paris, France. [Guedj, Jeremie] Univ Paris Diderot, IAME, UMR 1137, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. [Lemenuel-Diot, Annabelle] Roche, Pharma Dev Methodol & Innovat Dept, Basel, Switzerland. [Brennan, Barbara] Roche, Clin Pharmacol Pharma Res & Early Dev, Nutley, NJ USA. [Smith, Patrick F.] D3 Med, Montville, NJ USA. [Smith, Patrick F.] SUNY Buffalo, Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM asp@lanl.gov RI Guedj, Jeremie/A-6842-2017 OI Guedj, Jeremie/0000-0002-5534-5482 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; NIH [R01-AI028433, P20-GM103452, R01-HL109334, R01-AI078881]; National Center for Research Resources; Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (ORIP) [R01-OD011095]; Roche, Inc.; LANL LDRD program FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396, and supported by NIH grants R01-AI028433, P20-GM103452, R01-HL109334, R01-AI078881, the National Center for Research Resources and the Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (ORIP) through grant R01-OD011095 (ASP), and Roche, Inc. We also acknowledge the LANL LDRD program for providing partial funding for AC. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2015 VL 20 IS 5 BP 469 EP 477 DI 10.3851/IMP2879 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA DC7KD UT WOS:000369397800002 PM 25321394 ER PT S AU Chard, K Caton, S AF Chard, Kyle Caton, Simon BE Li, W Huhns, MN Tsai, WT Wu, W TI Social Clouds: Crowdsourcing Cloud Infrastructure SO CROWDSOURCING: CLOUD-BASED SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT SE Progress in IS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MARRIAGE AB Software crowdsourcing is becoming an increasingly viable model for creating production software addressing every aspect of the software development lifecycle. However, as software development processes become yet more complex requiring dedicated systems for development, testing, and deployment, software crowdsourcing projects must also acquire considerable infrastructure in order to facilitate development. We propose the use of an infrastructure crowdsourcing model, termed a Social Cloud, to facilitate a user-contributed cloud fabric on which software development services and systems can be hosted. Social Clouds are motivated by the needs of individuals or groups for specific resources or capabilities that can be made available by connected peers. Social Clouds leverage lessons learned through volunteer computing and crowdsourcing projects such as the willingness of individuals to make their resources available and offer their expertise altruistically for "good causes" or in exchange for other resources or payment. In this chapter we present the Social Cloud model and describe how it can be used to crowdsource software infrastructure. C1 [Chard, Kyle] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Lemont, IL USA. [Chard, Kyle] Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL USA. [Caton, Simon] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Karlsruhe Serv Res Inst, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Chard, K (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Lemont, IL USA. EM chard@uchicago.edu; simon.caton@kit.edu NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2196-8705 BN 978-3-662-47011-4; 978-3-662-47010-7 J9 PROGR IS PY 2015 BP 191 EP 217 DI 10.1007/978-3-662-47011-4_11 D2 10.1007/978-3-662-47011-4 PG 27 WC Business; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Business & Economics; Computer Science GA BE0FE UT WOS:000365948400013 ER PT B AU Olsen, KAG Blum, RD Smart, B Zaritsky, D Boyer, ML Gordon, KD Massey, P AF Olsen, K. A. G. Blum, R. D. Smart, B. Zaritsky, D. Boyer, M. L. Gordon, K. D. Massey, P. BE Points, S Kunder, A TI A Stellar Heist in the Magellanic Clouds SO FIFTY YEARS OF WIDE FIELD STUDIES IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE: RESOLVED STELLAR POPULATIONS OF THE GALACTIC BULGE AND MAGELLANIC CLOUDS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference celebrating Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory 50th anniversary CY MAY 06-09, 2013 CL La Serena, CHILE ID RADIAL-VELOCITY; PROPER MOTION; CARBON STARS; MILKY-WAY; KINEMATICS; GIANTS; DYNAMICS; STREAM; LMC; SPECTROSCOPY AB We present an analysis of the stellar kinematics of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), based on several thousand spectra obtained with Hydra-CTIO of massive red supergiants, oxygen-rich and carbon-rich AGB stars, and other giants. We have used the stellar velocities to measure the rotation curve of the LMC, which we find to have an amplitude of 87 +/- 5 km s(-1), a value that is in agreement with all of the available kinematic tracers. Our data also reveal a population of outliers, comprising similar to 5% of the sample, that have line-of-sight velocities that apparently oppose the sense of rotation of the LMC disk. We show that these outliers likely represent stars that were captured by the LMC from the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The capture of these SMC stars and gas by the LMC may have been the trigger for the intense star formation that we now see in 30 Doradus, the most active star formation complex in the nearby universe, and may explain the detection of LMC microlensing events found by the MACHO and OGLE projects. C1 [Olsen, K. A. G.; Blum, R. D.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Smart, B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zaritsky, D.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Boyer, M. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Boyer, M. L.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gordon, K. D.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Massey, P.] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Olsen, KAG (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. OI Massey, Philip/0000-0001-6563-7828 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-867-1; 978-1-58381-866-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 491 BP 257 EP 264 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE2LR UT WOS:000369565000033 ER PT S AU Hernandez, ML Dreher, M Barrios, CJ Raffin, B AF Hernandez, Monica L. Dreher, Matthieu Barrios, Carlos J. Raffin, Bruno BE Osthoff, C Navaux, POA Hernandez, CJB Dias, PLS TI Asynchronous in Situ Processing with Gromacs: Taking Advantage of GPUs SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, CARLA 2015 SE Communications in Computer and Information Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Latin American High-Performance Computing Conference (CARLA) CY AUG 26-28, 2015 CL Lab Nacl Computacao Cientifica, Petropolis, BRAZIL HO Lab Nacl Computacao Cientifica DE In situ analysis; FlowVR; Graphics Processing Units; Gromacs ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AB Numerical simulations using supercomputers are producing an ever growing amount of data. Efficient production and analysis of these data are the key to future discoveries. The in situ paradigm is emerging as a promising solution to avoid the I/O bottleneck encountered in the file system for both the simulation and the analytics by treating the data as soon as they are produced in memory. Various strategies and implementations have been proposed in the last years to support in situ treatments with a low impact on the simulation performance. Yet, little efforts have been made when it comes to perform in situ analytics with hybrid simulations supporting accelerators like GPUs. In this article, we propose a study of the in situ strategies with Gromacs, a molecular dynamic simulation code supporting multi-GPUs, as our application target. We specifically focus on the computational resources usage of the machine by the simulation and the in situ analytics. We finally extend the usual in situ placement strategies to the case of in situ analytics running on a GPU and study their impact on both Gromacs performance and the resource usage of the machine. We show in particular that running in situ analytics on the GPU can be a more efficient solution than on the CPU especially when the CPU is the bottleneck of the simulation. C1 [Hernandez, Monica L.; Barrios, Carlos J.] Univ Ind Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia. [Hernandez, Monica L.; Dreher, Matthieu; Raffin, Bruno] Univ Grenoble Alpes, INRIA, Montbonnot St Martin, France. [Dreher, Matthieu] Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL USA. RP Hernandez, ML (reprint author), Univ Ind Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia. EM monica.hernandez2@correo.uis.edu.co NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1865-0929 BN 978-3-319-26928-3; 978-3-319-26927-6 J9 COMM COM INF SC PY 2015 VL 565 BP 89 EP 106 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-26928-3_7 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE2FZ UT WOS:000369165200007 ER PT J AU Greathouse, JA Teich-McGoldrick, SL Allendorf, MD AF Greathouse, Jeffery A. Teich-McGoldrick, Stephanie L. Allendorf, Mark D. TI Molecular simulation of size-selective gas adsorption in idealised carbon nanotubes SO MOLECULAR SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics; Monte Carlo; adsorption; diffusion; carbon nanotubes; argon; methane; oxygen; nitrogen ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; NANOPOROUS MATERIALS; DYNAMICS SIMULATION; METHANE ADSORPTION; WATER; DIFFUSION; TRANSPORT; MIXTURES; DIOXIDE AB Molecular simulations were used to examine the adsorption of diatomic molecules (nitrogen and oxygen) and similarly sized gases (argon and methane) in pores with van der Waals diameters similar in size to the gas diameters. Idealised carbon nanotubes were used to model generic pores, to better understand the effect of pore diameter on guest adsorption in the absence of defects, specific adsorption sites, or variations in pore diameter that often complicate studies of gas adsorption in other porous materials. Molecular dynamics simulations of open nanotubes show that argon and methane are able to enter tubes whose diameters are slightly smaller than the gas diameters. Diatomic gases are able to enter tubes that are significantly smaller than their kinetic diameters with the molecular axis aligned parallel to the nanotube. The results indicate that size-selective adsorption of these gases is theoretically possible, although differences in pore diameters of only a few tenths of an Angstrom are required. Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations of a 3.38 angstrom nanotube indicate significant uptake by argon and oxygen, but not nitrogen or methane. The adsorption of nitrogen and methane gradually increases as the nanotube diameter approaches 4.07 angstrom, and all gases fully saturate a 4.54 angstrom nanotube. Of the nanotubes studied, the largest adsorption enthalpy for any gas corresponds to the 4.54 angstrom nanotube, with significantly lower enthalpies seen in the 5.07 angstrom nanotube. These results suggest an ideal pore diameter for each gas based on the gas-pore van der Waals interaction energies. Trends in the ideal diameter correlate with the minimum tube diameter accessible to each gas. C1 [Greathouse, Jeffery A.; Teich-McGoldrick, Stephanie L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Allendorf, Mark D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Nanomat Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Greathouse, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jagreat@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7022 EI 1029-0435 J9 MOL SIMULAT JI Mol. Simul. PY 2015 VL 41 IS 16-17 SI SI BP 1388 EP 1395 DI 10.1080/08927022.2015.1007054 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DD0RD UT WOS:000369626200009 ER PT B AU Bamberger, JA Piepel, GF Enderlin, CW Amidan, BG Heredia-Langner, A AF Bamberger, Judith Ann Piepel, Greg F. Enderlin, Carl W. Amidan, Brett G. Heredia-Langner, Alejandro GP ASME TI EXPERIMENTAL AND MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY ASSOCIATED WITH CHARACTERIZING SLURRY MIXING PERFORMANCE OF PULSATING JETS AT MULTIPLE SCALES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME/JSME/KSME JOINT FLUIDS ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME-JSME-KSME Joint Fluids Engineering Conference CY JUL 26-31, 2015 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div AB Understanding how uncertainty manifests itself in complex experiments is important for developing the testing protocol and interpreting the experimental results. This paper describes experimental and measurement uncertainties, and how they can depend on the order of performing experimental tests. Experiments with pulse jet mixers in tanks at three scales were conducted to characterize the performance of transient developing periodic flows in Newtonian slurries. Other test parameters included the simulant, solids concentration, and nozzle exit velocity. Critical suspension velocity and cloud height were the metrics used to characterize Newtonian slurry flow associated with mobilization and mixing. During testing, near-replicate and near-repeat tests were conducted. The experimental results were used to quantify the combined experimental and measurement uncertainties using standard deviations and percent relative standard deviations (%RSD) The uncertainties in critical suspension velocity and cloud height tend to increase with the values of these responses. Hence, the %RSD values are the more appropriate summary measure of near-replicate testing and measurement uncertainty. C1 [Bamberger, Judith Ann; Enderlin, Carl W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Expt Fluid Mech, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Piepel, Greg F.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Appl Stat & Computat Modeling, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Amidan, Brett G.; Heredia-Langner, Alejandro] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Appl Stat, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bamberger, JA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Expt Fluid Mech, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5721-2 PY 2015 AR V001T27A002 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BE2LW UT WOS:000369566100065 ER PT B AU Fick, L Merzari, E Hassan, Y AF Fick, Lambert Merzari, Elia Hassan, Yassin GP ASME TI DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE FLOW THROUGH A STRUCTURED PEBBLE BED NEAR A WALL BOUNDARY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME/JSME/KSME JOINT FLUIDS ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME-JSME-KSME Joint Fluids Engineering Conference CY JUL 26-31, 2015 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div AB Packed pebble beds occur in many industrial applications, including the very high temperature and molten salt nuclear reactor design concepts. These designs are currently being researched as possible fourth-generation nuclear power system designs. In order to ensure proper cooling of the reactor cores in these systems during normal operation, as well as under accident conditions, a detailed understanding of the coolant flow behavior is required. Direct numerical simulation (DNS) can be used to simulate specific pebble bed flow and geometry conditions in order to develop high-fidelity fluid flow data and hence improve scientists' understanding and enhance lower fidelity modeling. We have used Nek5000, a spectral-element computational fluid dynamics code, to develop DNS fluid flow data for pebble bed flow, including budgets for the Reynolds stresses. The geometry is a structured pebble bed with a face-centered cubic packing arrangement. The flow domain features periodic boundaries in both streamwise and spanwise directions except for a single bounding wall parallel to the flow direction. In a fully periodic domain, the flow was found to be asymmetric. In this work we focus on turbulence properties in the near-wall region and their effect on the overall flow behavior. A set of preliminary Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes calculations was also performed to investigate the effect of geometric parameters such as the distance of the wall from the first row of pebbles. C1 [Fick, Lambert; Merzari, Elia] Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. [Hassan, Yassin] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. RP Fick, L (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5721-2 PY 2015 AR V001T03A008 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BE2LW UT WOS:000369566100014 ER PT B AU Merzari, E Fischer, P Walker, J AF Merzari, Elia Fischer, Paul Walker, Justin GP ASME TI LARGE-SCALE SIMULATION OF ROD BUNDLES: COHERENT STRUCTURE RECOGNITION AND STABILITY ANALYSIS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME/JSME/KSME JOINT FLUIDS ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME-JSME-KSME Joint Fluids Engineering Conference CY JUL 26-31, 2015 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID TURBULENT-FLOW AB The axial flow in rod bundles has been the object of several investigations, since they are relevant for various industrial applications (e.g., heat exchangers, nuclear reactor cores). For tight configurations (pitch-to-diameter ratio smaller than 1.1) the large difference in velocity within the cross section creates the possibility of a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and the generation of a vortex street in the 'gap ("gap instability"). While the presence of spacing devices may perturb the flow, simple grid spacers grids of the type usually encountered in sodium fast reactors do not prevent this instability. This work seeks to improve our understanding of the gap instability in large rod bundles by using high-fidelity large eddy simulation (LES). The application of LES methods has been historically limited to single-pin calculations because of the large cost of full-bundle calculations. However, using Nek5000, a massively parallel spectral-element computational fluid dynamics code, we are able to carry out well-resolved LES simulations for this class of geometries. Results are compared with experimental data. For the largest bundle case, over 8 billion collocation points at a polynomial order of 20 are judged necessary to achieve overall excellent accuracy. More, than 500,000 processors are used to carry out the simulations (costing approximately 50,000,000 CPU-hours), and 3,000 snapshots of the flow field have been collected to apply several coherent structure recognition techniques, including one of the largest proper orthogonal decompositions carried out to date. E Also investigated here is the effect of geometry, including the (presence of spacers, changing pitch-to-diameter ratio, and canister wall. In particular, global linear stability analysis is applied to a series of simplified geometries in order to gain insight into the physics of the gap instability. C1 [Merzari, Elia; Fischer, Paul; Walker, Justin] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Merzari, E (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5721-2 PY 2015 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BE2LW UT WOS:000369566100068 ER PT B AU Yuan, HM Merzari, E AF Yuan, Haomin Merzari, Elia GP ASME TI DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TURBULENT CHANNEL FLOW WITH HEAT TRANSFER FOR LOW PRANDTL AND HIGH REYNOLDS AND COMPARISON WITH ALGEBRAIC HEAT FLUX MODEL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME/JSME/KSME JOINT FLUIDS ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME-JSME-KSME Joint Fluids Engineering Conference CY JUL 26-31, 2015 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID CONVECTION; FIELD; DNS AB The flow characteristic of fluid at low Prandtl number is of continued interest in the nuclear industry because liquid metals are to be used in the next-generation nuclear power reactors. In this work we performed direct numerical simulation (DNS) for turbulent channel flow with fluid of low Prandtl number. The Prandtl number was set to 0.025, which is representative of the behavior of liquid metals. Constant heat flux was imposed on the walls to study heat transfer behavior, with different boundary conditions for temperature fluctuation. The bulk Reynolds number was set as high as 50,000, with a corresponding friction Reynolds number of 1,200, which is closer to the situation in a reactor or a heat exchanger than used in normally available databases. Budgets for turbulent variables were computed and compared with predictions from several RANS turbulence models. In particular, the Algebraic Heat Flux Model (AHFM) has been the focus of this comparison with DNS data. The comparisons highlight some shortcomings of AHFM along with potential improvements. C1 [Yuan, Haomin] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Merzari, Elia] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yuan, HM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. EM hyuan8@wisc.edu; emerzari@anl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5721-2 PY 2015 AR V001T08A002 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BE2LW UT WOS:000369566100023 ER PT B AU Bamberger, JA Enderlin, CW Minette, MJ Holton, LK AF Bamberger, Judith Ann Enderlin, Carl W. Minette, Michael J. Holton, Langdon K. GP ASME TI APPROACH FOR CONFIGURING A STANDARDIZED VESSEL FOR PROCESSING RADIOACTIVE WASTE SLURRIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME/JSME/KSME JOINT FLUIDS ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME-JSME-KSME Joint Fluids Engineering Conference CY JUL 26-31, 2015 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div AB A standardized vessel design is being considered at the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) that is under construction at Hanford, Washington. The standardized vessel design will be used for storing, blending, and chemical processing of slurries that exhibit a variable process feed including Newtonian to non-Newtonian rheologies over a range of solids loadings. Developing a standardized vessel is advantageous and reduces the testing required to evaluate the performance of the design. The objectives of this paper are to: 1) present a design strategy for developing a standard vessel mixing system design for the pretreatment portion of the waste treatment plant that must process rheologically and physically challenging process streams, 2) identify performance criteria that the design for the standard vessel must satisfy, 3) present parameters that are to be used for assessing the performance criteria, and 4) describe operation of the selected technology. Vessel design performance will be assessed for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian simulants which represent a range of waste types expected during operation. Desired conditions for the vessel operations are the ability to shear the slurry so that flammable gas does not accumulate within the vessel, that settled solids will be mobilized, that contents can be blended, and that contents can be transferred from the vessel. A strategy is presented for adjusting the vessel configuration to ensure that all these conditions are met. C1 [Bamberger, Judith Ann; Enderlin, Carl W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Expt Fluid Mech, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Minette, Michael J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Expt & Computat Engn, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Holton, Langdon K.] US DOE, Off River Protect, Richland, WA USA. RP Bamberger, JA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Expt Fluid Mech, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5722-9 PY 2015 AR V002T10A003 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BE2LX UT WOS:000369566200005 ER PT S AU Kodali, V Thrall, BD AF Kodali, Vamsi Thrall, Brian D. BE Roberts, SM Kehrer, JP Klotz, LO TI Oxidative Stress and Nanomaterial-Cellular Interactions SO STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY SE Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WALLED-CARBON-NANOTUBES; NLRP3 INFLAMMASOME ACTIVATION; MACROPHAGE SCAVENGER RECEPTOR; COATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES; ULTRAFINE TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; CERIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; FREE-RADICAL GENERATION; RAT-LIVER MITOCHONDRIA; IN-VITRO C1 [Kodali, Vamsi; Thrall, Brian D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kodali, Vamsi; Thrall, Brian D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, PNNL Ctr Nanotoxicol, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Thrall, BD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM brian.thrall@pnnl.gov OI Kodali, Vamsi/0000-0001-6177-0568 NR 151 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 2197-7224 BN 978-3-319-19096-9; 978-3-319-19095-2 J9 OXID STRESS APPL BAS JI Oxid. Stress Appl. Basic Res. Clin. Pract. PY 2015 BP 347 EP 367 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-19096-9_18 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-19096-9 PG 21 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BE2MR UT WOS:000369643500018 ER PT B AU Hereld, M Suresh, J Radojicic, M Pesce, LL Wang, J Marks, J van Drongelen, W AF Hereld, Mark Suresh, Jyothsna Radojicic, Mihailo Pesce, Lorenzo L. Wang, Janice Marks, Jeremy van Drongelen, Wim BE SenBhattacharya, B Chowdhury, FN TI Toward Networks from Spikes SO VALIDATING NEURO-COMPUTATIONAL MODELS OF NEUROLOGICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS SE Springer Series in Computational Neuroscience LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Spike trains; Neural networks; Shift sets; Multi-electrode recordings ID NEURON SPIKING ACTIVITY; EPILEPTIFORM ACTIVITY; CORTICAL ACTIVITY; UNITARY EVENTS; IN-VIVO; CONNECTIVITY; MODEL; PATTERNS; TRAINS AB Computational models of brain tissue provide important insights for understanding pathological behavior within neuronal networks. Validating these models poses difficult challenges due to the number of neurons and synaptic connections in even the most modest samples. An important step toward validation is determining connectivity within the biological network so that simulations can be configured to match and then compared directly to the observed behaviors. Cultures of dissociated neurons on multi-electrode arrays provide a flexible experimental platform for the study of fundamental network behaviors. Extracting connectivity from this in vitro setup is challenging because we are able to measure only a relatively small number of neurons. Today, cultures are routinely grown on arrays of microelectrodes, each reporting the activity of several neurons. With these techniques we can distinguish at most hundreds of spiking neurons while cultures comprise thousands of neurons. Even as the number of electrodes increases with gains in technology, it is important to understand how much information about the network connectivity can be discovered with sparse spatial sampling. We describe an approach to searching for repeating patterns in parallel spike train data, the presence of which can inform inferences of causality and connectivity in the network. C1 [Hereld, Mark] Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab, BLDG 240,RM 4139,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Suresh, Jyothsna; Radojicic, Mihailo; Pesce, Lorenzo L.; Wang, Janice; Marks, Jeremy] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Hereld, M (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab, BLDG 240,RM 4139,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM hereld@anl.gov; wvandron@peds.bsd.uchicago.edu OI van Drongelen, Wim/0000-0001-8950-5424 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-319-20037-8; 978-3-319-20036-1 J9 SPR SER COMPUT NEURO JI Springer Ser. Comput. Neurosci. PY 2015 VL 14 BP 277 EP 292 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20037-8_10 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-20037-8 PG 16 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BE2MX UT WOS:000369647400012 ER PT S AU Castellana, VG Minutoli, M Morari, A Tumeo, A Lattuada, M Ferrandi, F AF Castellana, Vito Giovanni Minutoli, Marco Morari, Alessandro Tumeo, Antonino Lattuada, Marco Ferrandi, Fabrizio GP IEEE TI High Level Synthesis of RDF Queries for Graph Analytics SO 2015 IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN (ICCAD) SE ICCAD-IEEE ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD) CY NOV 02-06, 2015 CL IEEE Council Elect Design Automat, Austin, TX SP IEEE, ACM, Assoc Comp Machinery, Assoc Comp Machinery SIGDA, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Taiwan Minist Educ CAD Contest, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc HO IEEE Council Elect Design Automat ID ARCHITECTURE AB In this paper we present a set of techniques that enable the synthesis of efficient custom accelerators for memory intensive, irregular applications. To address the challenges of irregular applications (large memory footprint, unpredictable fine-grained data accesses, and high synchronization intensity), and exploit their opportunities (thread level parallelism, memory level parallelism), we propose a novel accelerator design that employs an adaptive and Distributed Controller (DC) architecture, and a Memory Interface Controller (MIC) that supports concurrent and atomic memory operations on a multi-ported/multi-banked shared memory. Among the multitude of algorithms that may benefit from our solution, we focus on the acceleration of graph analytics applications and, in particular, on the synthesis of SPARQL queries on Resource Description Framework (RDF) databases. We achieve this objective by incorporating the synthesis techniques into Bambu, an Open Source high-level synthesis tools, and interfacing it with GEMS, the Graph database Engine for Multithreaded Systems. The GEMS' front-end generates optimized C implementations of the input queries, modeled as graph pattern matching algorithms, which are then automatically synthesized by Bambu. We validate our approach by synthesizing several SPARQL queries from the Lehigh University Benchmark (LUBM). C1 [Castellana, Vito Giovanni; Minutoli, Marco; Morari, Alessandro; Tumeo, Antonino] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Lattuada, Marco; Ferrandi, Fabrizio] Politecn Milan, DEIB, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Castellana, VG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM vitoGiovanni.castellana@pnnl.gov; marco.minutoli@pnnl.gov; alessandro.morari@pnnl.gov; antonino.tumeo@pnnl.gov; marco.lattuada@polimi.it; fabrizio.ferrandi@polimi.it RI Ferrandi, Fabrizio/K-7645-2015; Tumeo, Antonino/L-3106-2016 OI Ferrandi, Fabrizio/0000-0003-0301-4419; NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1933-7760 BN 978-1-4673-8388-2 J9 ICCAD-IEEE ACM INT PY 2015 BP 323 EP 330 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE2BS UT WOS:000368929600046 ER PT S AU Lu, YH Kadin, AM Berg, AC Conte, TM DeBenedictis, EP Garg, R Gingade, G Hoang, B Huang, YZ Li, BX Liu, JY Liu, W Mao, HZ Peng, JR Tang, TQ Track, EK Wang, JQ Wang, T Wang, Y Yao, J AF Lu, Yung-Hsiang Kadin, Alan M. Berg, Alexander C. Conte, Thomas M. DeBenedictis, Erik P. Garg, Rachit Gingade, Ganesh Hoang, Bichlien Huang, Yongzhen Li, Boxun Liu, Jingyu Liu, Wei Mao, Huizi Peng, Junran Tang, Tianqi Track, Elie K. Wang, Jingqiu Wang, Tao Wang, Yu Yao, Jun GP IEEE TI Rebooting Computing and Low-Power Image Recognition Challenge SO 2015 IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN (ICCAD) SE ICCAD-IEEE ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD) CY NOV 02-06, 2015 CL IEEE Council Elect Design Automat, Austin, TX SP IEEE, ACM, Assoc Comp Machinery, Assoc Comp Machinery SIGDA, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Taiwan Minist Educ CAD Contest, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc HO IEEE Council Elect Design Automat AB "Rebooting Computing" (RC) is an effort in the IEEE to rethink future computers. RC started in 2012 by the co-chairs, Elie Track (IEEE Council on Superconductivity) and Tom Conte (Computer Society). RC takes a holistic approach, considering revolutionary as well as evolutionary solutions needed to advance computer technologies. Three summits have been held in 2013 and 2014, discussing different technologies, from emerging devices to user interface, from security to energy efficiency, from neuromorphic to reversible computing. The first part of this paper introduces RC to the design automation community and solicits revolutionary ideas from the community for the directions of future computer research. Energy efficiency is identified as one of the most important challenges in future computer technologies. The importance of energy efficiency spans from miniature embedded sensors to wearable computers, from individual desktops to data centers. To gauge the state of the art, the RC Committee organized the first Low Power Image Recognition Challenge (LPIRC). Each image contains one or multiple objects, among 200 categories. A contestant has to provide a working system that can recognize the objects and report the bounding boxes of the objects. The second part of this paper explains LPIRC and the solutions from the top two winners. C1 [Lu, Yung-Hsiang; Garg, Rachit; Gingade, Ganesh] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Berg, Alexander C.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Conte, Thomas M.] IEEE Comp Soc, Washington, DC USA. [DeBenedictis, Erik P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Gingade, Ganesh] Hughes Network Syst LLC, Germantown, MD USA. [Huang, Yongzhen] Future Direct, IEEE Tech Act, London, England. [Li, Boxun; Mao, Huizi; Tang, Tianqi; Wang, Yu] Tsinghua Univ, Dept EE, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Huang, Yongzhen; Liu, Jingyu; Peng, Junran; Wang, Jingqiu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Automat, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Wang, Tao; Yao, Jun] Huawei Technol Co Ltd, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Lu, YH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1933-7760 BN 978-1-4673-8388-2 J9 ICCAD-IEEE ACM INT PY 2015 BP 927 EP 932 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE2BS UT WOS:000368929600130 ER PT S AU Chavez, AR Stout, WMS Peisert, S AF Chavez, Adrian R. Stout, William M. S. Peisert, Sean GP IEEE TI Techniques for the Dynamic Randomization of Network Attributes SO 49TH ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY (ICCST) SE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST) CY SEP 21-24, 2015 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP Minist Educ, Bur Foreign Trade, Natl Cent Univ Acad Fdn, Chunghwa Telecom, Avitone, Master Concept DE Moving Target Defense; Software Defined Networking; Computer Security; IP Address Hopping; Dynamic Defense AB Critical infrastructure control systems continue to foster predictable communication paths and static configurations that allow easy access to our networked critical infrastructure around the world. This makes them attractive and easy targets for cyber-attack. We have developed technologies that address these attack vectors by automatically reconfiguring network settings. Applying these protective measures will convert control systems into "moving targets" that proactively defend themselves against attack. This "Moving Target Defense" (MTD) revolves about the movement of network reconfiguration, securely communicating reconfiguration specifications to other network nodes as required, and ensuring that connectivity between nodes is uninterrupted. Software-defined Networking (SDN) is leveraged to meet many of these goals. Our MTD approach eliminates adversaries targeting known static attributes of network devices and systems, and consists of the following three techniques: (1) Network Randomization for TCP/UDP Ports; (2) Network Randomization for IP Addresses; (3) Network Randomization for Network Paths. In this paper, we describe the implementation of the aforementioned technologies. We also discuss the individual and collective successes for the techniques, challenges for deployment, constraints and assumptions, and the performance implications for each technique. C1 [Chavez, Adrian R.; Stout, William M. S.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Peisert, Sean] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Davis, CA USA. [Peisert, Sean] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Chavez, AR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM adrchav@sandia.gov; wmstout@sandia.gov; sppeisert@lbl.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1071-6572 BN 978-1-4799-8691-0 J9 INT CARN CONF SECU PY 2015 BP 77 EP 82 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE2BT UT WOS:000368936200014 ER PT S AU Urias, VE Stout, WMS Loverro, C AF Urias, Vincent E. Stout, William M. S. Loverro, Caleb GP IEEE TI Computer Network Deception as a Moving Target Defense SO 49TH ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY (ICCST) SE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST) CY SEP 21-24, 2015 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP Minist Educ, Bur Foreign Trade, Natl Cent Univ Acad Fdn, Chunghwa Telecom, Avitone, Master Concept DE deception; moving target defense; software defined networking; cloud; cyber security; introspection AB Computer Network Defense (CND) has traditionally been provided using reactionary tools such as signature-based detectors, white/blacklisting, intrusion detection/protection systems, etc. While event detection/correlation techniques may identify threats - those threats are then dealt with manually, often employing obstruction-based responses (e. g., blocking). Literature has shown that as threat sophistication grows, perimeter-planted security efforts are ineffective in combating competent adversaries; malicious actors are already seated behind enterprise defenses, navigating the controls. We have developed a novel approach to CND: the Deception Environment. Under the Deception Environment framework, we have created a live, unpredictable, and adaptable deception network leveraging virtualization/cloud technology, software defined networking, introspection and analytics. The environment not only provides the means to identify and contain the threat, but also facilitates the ability to study, understand, and develop protections against sophisticated adversaries. Its extensibility has enabled us to explore its application as a Moving Target Defense (MTD). C1 [Urias, Vincent E.; Stout, William M. S.; Loverro, Caleb] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Urias, VE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM veuria@sandia.gov; wmstout@sandia.gov; cloverr@sandia.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1071-6572 BN 978-1-4799-8691-0 J9 INT CARN CONF SECU PY 2015 BP 101 EP 106 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE2BT UT WOS:000368936200018 ER PT J AU Le Quere, C Moriarty, R Andrew, RM Canadell, JG Sitch, S Korsbakken, JI Friedlingstein, P Peters, GP Andres, RJ Boden, TA Houghton, RA House, JI Keeling, RF Tans, P Arneth, A Bakker, DCE Barbero, L Bopp, L Chang, J Chevallier, F Chini, LP Ciais, P Fader, M Feely, RA Gkritzalis, T Harris, I Hauck, J Ilyina, T Jain, AK Kato, E Kitidis, V Goldewijk, KK Koven, C Landschutzer, P Lauvset, SK Lefevre, N Lenton, A Lima, ID Metzl, N Millero, F Munro, DR Murata, A Nabel, JEMS Nakaoka, S Nojiri, Y O'Brien, K Olsen, A Ono, T Perez, FF Pfeil, B Pierrot, D Poulter, B Rehder, G Rodenbeck, C Saito, S Schuster, U Schwinger, J Seferian, R Steinhoff, T Stocker, BD Sutton, AJ Takahashi, T Tilbrook, B van der Laan-Luijkx, IT van der Werf, GR van Heuven, S Vandemark, D Viovy, N Wiltshire, A Zaehle, S Zeng, N AF Le Quere, C. Moriarty, R. Andrew, R. M. Canadell, J. G. Sitch, S. Korsbakken, J. I. Friedlingstein, P. Peters, G. P. Andres, R. J. Boden, T. A. Houghton, R. A. House, J. I. Keeling, R. F. Tans, P. Arneth, A. Bakker, D. C. E. Barbero, L. Bopp, L. Chang, J. Chevallier, F. Chini, L. P. Ciais, P. Fader, M. Feely, R. A. Gkritzalis, T. Harris, I. Hauck, J. Ilyina, T. Jain, A. K. Kato, E. Kitidis, V. Goldewijk, K. Klein Koven, C. Landschuetzer, P. Lauvset, S. K. Lefevre, N. Lenton, A. Lima, I. D. Metzl, N. Millero, F. Munro, D. R. Murata, A. Nabel, J. E. M. S. Nakaoka, S. Nojiri, Y. O'Brien, K. Olsen, A. Ono, T. Perez, F. F. Pfeil, B. Pierrot, D. Poulter, B. Rehder, G. Roedenbeck, C. Saito, S. Schuster, U. Schwinger, J. Seferian, R. Steinhoff, T. Stocker, B. D. Sutton, A. J. Takahashi, T. Tilbrook, B. van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T. van der Werf, G. R. van Heuven, S. Vandemark, D. Viovy, N. Wiltshire, A. Zaehle, S. Zeng, N. TI Global Carbon Budget 2015 SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE CHANGE; ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR JULES; FOSSIL-FUEL COMBUSTION; CO2 FLUX VARIABILITY; MIXED-LAYER SCHEME; EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; COVER CHANGE; DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY AB Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and a methodology to quantify all major components of the global carbon budget, including their uncertainties, based on the combination of a range of data, algorithms, statistics, and model estimates and their interpretation by a broad scientific community. We discuss changes compared to previous estimates as well as consistency within and among components, alongside methodology and data limitations. CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and industry (E-FF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, while emissions from land-use change (E-LUC), mainly deforestation, are based on combined evidence from land-cover-change data, fire activity associated with deforestation, and models. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its rate of growth (G(ATM)) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The mean ocean CO2 sink (S-OCEAN) is based on observations from the 1990s, while the annual anomalies and trends are estimated with ocean models. The variability in S-OCEAN is evaluated with data products based on surveys of ocean CO2 measurements. The global residual terrestrial CO2 sink (S-LAND) is estimated by the difference of the other terms of the global carbon budget and compared to results of independent dynamic global vegetation models forced by observed climate, CO2, and land-cover change (some including nitrogen-carbon interactions). We compare the mean land and ocean fluxes and their variability to estimates from three atmospheric inverse methods for three broad latitude bands. All uncertainties are reported as +/- 1 sigma, reflecting the current capacity to characterise the annual estimates of each component of the global carbon budget. For the last decade available (20052014), E-FF was 9.0 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1) E-LUC was 0.9 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1), GATM was 4.4 +/- 0.1 GtC yr(-1), S-OCEAN was 2.6 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1), and S LAND was 3.0 +/- 0.8 GtC yr(-1). For the year 2014 alone, E FF grew to 9.8 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1), 0.6% above 2013, continuing the growth trend in these emissions, albeit at a slower rate compared to the average growth of 2.2% yr(-1) that took place during 2005-2014. Also, for 2014, E-LUC was 1.1 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1), G(ATM) was 3.9 +/- 0.2 GtC yr(-1), S-OCEAN was 2.9 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1), and S-LAND was 4.1 +/- 0.9 GtC yr(-1). G(ATM) was lower in 2014 compared to the past decade (2005-2014), reflecting a larger S-LAND for that year. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 397.15 +/- 0.10 ppm averaged over 2014. For 2015, preliminary data indicate that the growth in E-FF will be near or slightly below zero, with a projection of 0.6 [ range of 1.6 to C 0.5] %, based on national emissions projections for China and the USA, and projections of gross domestic product corrected for recent changes in the carbon intensity of the global economy for the rest of the world. From this projection of E-FF and assumed constant E LUC for 2015, cumulative emissions of CO2 will reach about 555 +/- 55 GtC (2035 +/- 205 GtCO(2)) for 1870-2015, about 75% from E FF and 25% from E LUC. This living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new carbon budget compared with previous publications of this data set (Le Quere et al., 2015, 2014, 2013). All observations presented here can be downloaded from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (doi: 10.3334/CDIAC/GCP_2015). C1 [Le Quere, C.; Moriarty, R.] Univ E Anglia, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Andrew, R. M.; Korsbakken, J. I.; Peters, G. P.] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Canadell, J. G.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Global Carbon Project, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Sitch, S.; Schuster, U.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter EX4 4QE, Devon, England. [Friedlingstein, P.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QE, Devon, England. [Andres, R. J.; Boden, T. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr CDIAC, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Houghton, R. A.] Woods Hole Res Ctr WHRC, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [House, J. I.] Univ Bristol, Cabot Inst, Dept Geog, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. [Keeling, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Tans, P.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Arneth, A.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol KIT, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res Atmospher Environm Re, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Bakker, D. C. E.] Univ E Anglia, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Barbero, L.; Pierrot, D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Barbero, L.; Pierrot, D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Bopp, L.; Chang, J.; Chevallier, F.; Ciais, P.; Viovy, N.] CE Orme Merisiers, UVSQ, CNRS,CEA, Lab Sci Climat & Envirom,Inst Pierre Simon Laplac, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Chini, L. P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fader, M.] Avignon Univ, CNRS, Inst Mediterraneen Biodiversite & Ecol Marine & C, Aix Marseille Univ,IRD, F-13545 Aix En Provence 04, France. [Feely, R. A.; Sutton, A. J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Gkritzalis, T.] InnovOcean Site, Flanders Marine Inst, B-8400 Oostende, Belgium. [Harris, I.] Univ E Anglia, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Hauck, J.] Helmholtz Zentrum Polar & Meeresforsch, Alfred Wegener Inst, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Ilyina, T.; Nabel, J. E. M. S.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Jain, A. K.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61821 USA. [Kato, E.] Inst Appl Energy IAE, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1050003, Japan. [Kitidis, V.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Goldewijk, K. Klein] PBL Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, The Hague, Netherlands. [Goldewijk, K. Klein] Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Koven, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Landschuetzer, P.] ETH, Environm Phys Grp, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Lauvset, S. K.; Schwinger, J.] Uni Res Climate, Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Lefevre, N.; Metzl, N.] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, LOCEAN IPSL Lab, CNRS,IRD,MNHN, F-75005 Paris, France. [Lenton, A.; Tilbrook, B.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Lima, I. D.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Millero, F.] Univ Miami, RSMAS MAC, Dept Ocean Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Munro, D. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Munro, D. R.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Murata, A.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Nakaoka, S.; Nojiri, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies NIES, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [O'Brien, K.; Sutton, A. J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Olsen, A.; Pfeil, B.] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Olsen, A.; Pfeil, B.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Ono, T.] Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2368648, Japan. [Perez, F. F.] Inst Invest Marinas CSIC, Vigo 36208, Pontevedra, Spain. [Poulter, B.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Rehder, G.] Leibniz Inst Balt Sea Res Warnemunde, D-18119 Rostock, Germany. [Roedenbeck, C.; Zaehle, S.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Saito, S.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Global Environm & Marine Dept, Marine Div, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1008122, Japan. [Seferian, R.] CNRS, Meteofrance, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol Grp Etud Atmosphere Metero, F-31100 Toulouse, France. [Steinhoff, T.] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Stocker, B. D.] Univ Bern, Climate & Environm Phys, Bern, Switzerland. [Stocker, B. D.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland. [Stocker, B. D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Takahashi, T.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Tilbrook, B.] Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T.] Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T.] Wageningen Univ, ICOS Carbon Portal, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [van der Werf, G. R.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [van Heuven, S.] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, NL-1797 SZ T Horntje, Texel, Netherlands. [Vandemark, D.] Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Wiltshire, A.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Zeng, N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Le Quere, C (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM c.lequere@uea.ac.uk RI Bakker, Dorothee/E-4951-2015; Friedlingstein, Pierre/H-2700-2014; van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid/G-9169-2011; Olsen, Are/A-1511-2011; van der Werf, Guido/M-8260-2016; Perez, Fiz F./B-9001-2011; Stocker, Benjamin/K-3194-2015; Nojiri, Yukihiro/D-1999-2010; Chevallier, Frederic/E-9608-2016; Canadell, Josep/E-9419-2010; Lauvset, Siv/H-7948-2016; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014; Zeng, Ning/A-3130-2008; Sutton, Adrienne/C-7725-2015; Jain, Atul/D-2851-2016; Tilbrook, Bronte/A-1522-2012; Barbero, Leticia/B-5237-2011; Pierrot, Denis/A-7459-2014; Le Quere, Corinne/C-2631-2017; Zaehle, Sonke/C-9528-2017; Lenton, Andrew/D-2077-2012; Klein Goldewijk, Kees/L-5567-2013; Lima, Ivan/A-6823-2016 OI Bakker, Dorothee/0000-0001-9234-5337; van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid/0000-0002-3990-6737; Olsen, Are/0000-0003-1696-9142; van der Werf, Guido/0000-0001-9042-8630; Perez, Fiz F./0000-0003-4836-8974; Stocker, Benjamin/0000-0003-2697-9096; Nojiri, Yukihiro/0000-0001-9885-9195; Chevallier, Frederic/0000-0002-4327-3813; Canadell, Josep/0000-0002-8788-3218; Lauvset, Siv/0000-0001-8498-4067; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065; Zeng, Ning/0000-0002-7489-7629; Poulter, Benjamin/0000-0002-9493-8600; ANDRES, ROBERT/0000-0001-8781-4979; Korsbakken, Jan Ivar/0000-0002-2939-9778; Kitidis, Vassilis/0000-0003-3949-3802; Moriarty, Roisin/0000-0003-1993-1756; Andrew, Robbie/0000-0001-8590-6431; Sutton, Adrienne/0000-0002-7414-7035; Jain, Atul/0000-0002-4051-3228; Tilbrook, Bronte/0000-0001-9385-3827; Barbero, Leticia/0000-0002-8858-5247; Pierrot, Denis/0000-0002-0374-3825; Le Quere, Corinne/0000-0003-2319-0452; Zaehle, Sonke/0000-0001-5602-7956; Lenton, Andrew/0000-0001-9437-8896; Lima, Ivan/0000-0001-5345-0652 FU International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP); Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS); Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry, Ecosystem Research programme (IMBER); UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), National Capability, Ocean Acidification, Greenhouse Gases and Shelf Seas Biogeochemistry; NERC [NE/103002X/1]; Norwegian Research Council [236296]; Australian Climate Change Science Programme; EU through LUC4C [GA603542]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER) programmes under US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Leverhulme foundation; EU through EMBRACE [GA282672]; Helmholtz foundation; ATMO programme; EU through CARBOCHANGE [284879]; UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme - Natural Environment Research Council [NE/H017046/1]; Department for Energy and Climate Change; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs; NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ROSES Carbon Cycle Science under NASA [13-CARBON13_2-0080]; European Research Council [ERC-2013-SyG-610028]; EU [GA603542]; Helmholtz Postdoc Programme (Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association); Climate Observation Division, Climate Program Office, NOAA, US Department of Commerce; US National Science Foundation [NSF AGS 12-43071, NSF PLR-1341647, NSF AOAS-0944761]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science; US Department of Energy, BER [DOE DE-SC0006706]; NASA LCLUC programme (NASA) [NNX14AD94G]; ERTDF from Ministry of Environment, Japan [S-10]; Dutch NWO VENI grant [863.14.022]; Norwegian Ministry of Climate and Environment; EU FP7 through project CARBOCHANGE [264879]; Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; OCW/NWO; US National Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS-1048827]; Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU); Institut Paul Emile Victor (IPEV); German Research Foundation's Emmy Noether Programme [PO1751/1-1]; Global Environment Research Account for National Institutes by the Ministry of Environment of Japan [1432]; Norwegian Research Council (SNACS) [229752]; BOCATS [CTM2013-41048-P]; Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); European Union [633211]; NOAA through the Climate Observation Division of the Climate Program Office; EU through GEOCarbon; BMBF (Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung) through project ICOS [01LK1224D]; NERC UKOARP [NE/H017046/1]; NERC RAGANRoCC [NE/K002473/1]; European Space Agency (ESA) OceanFlux Evolution project; EU FP7 CARBOCHANGE [264879]; ICOS-D (BMBF) [FK 01LK1101C]; EU FP7 through CARBOCHANGE [264879]; Research Council of Norway through project EVA [229771]; Norwegian Metacenter for Computational Science (NOTUR) [nn2980k]; Norwegian Storage Infrastructure (NorStore) [ns2980k]; NOAA; Comer Education and Science Foundation; Australian Department of Environment and the Integrated Marine Observing System; Swiss National Science Foundation; FP7 funding through project EMBRACE [282672]; EU FP7 for funding through project CARBOCHANGE [264879]; ERC [280061]; UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; EU FP7 Funding through project LUC4C [603542]; European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union [647204]; US DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DoE [DE-SC0012167]; Schmidt Philanthropies FX We thank all people and institutions who provided the data used in this carbon budget, as well as P. Cadule, C. Enright, J. Ghattas, G. Hurtt, L. Mercado, S. Shu, and S. Jones for support with the model simulations and data analysis, and F. Joos and S. Khatiwala for providing historical data. We thank E. Dlugokencky, who provided the atmospheric and oceanographic CO2 measurements used here, and all those involved in collecting and providing oceanographic data CO2 measurements used here, in particular for the ocean data for years 2013-2014 that are not included in SOCAT v3: M. Becker, A. Kortzinger, S. Alin, G. Lebon, D. Diverres, R. Wanninkhof, M. Glockzin, I. Skjelvan, I. Brown, C. Sweeney, C. Lo Monaco, A. Omar, T. Johannessen, M. Hoppema, X. A. Padin, T. Ichikawa, A. Kuwata, and K. Tadokoro. We thank the institutions and funding agencies responsible for the collection and quality control of the data included in SOCAT, and the support of the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP), the Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS), and the Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry, Ecosystem Research programme (IMBER) and UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) projects including National Capability, Ocean Acidification, Greenhouse Gases and Shelf Seas Biogeochemistry. We thank W. Peters for CTE2015 model simulations, and all data providers to ObsPack GLOBALVIEWplus v1.0 for atmospheric CO2 observations.r NERC provided funding to C. Le Quere, R. Moriarty, and the GCP through their International Opportunities Fund specifically to support this publication (NE/103002X/1). G. P. Peters and R. M. Andrew were supported by the Norwegian Research Council (236296). J. G. Canadell was supported by the Australian Climate Change Science Programme. S. Sitch was supported by EU FP7 for funding through projects LUC4C (GA603542). R. J. Andres was supported by US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER) programmes under US Department of Energy contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. T. A. Boden was supported by US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER) programmes under US Department of Energy contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. J. I. House was supported by the Leverhulme foundation and the EU FP7 through project LUC4C (GA603542). P. Friedlingstein was supported by the EU FP7 for funding through projects LUC4C (GA603542) and EMBRACE (GA282672). A. Arneth was supported by the EU FP7 for funding through LUC4C (603542), and the Helmholtz foundation and its ATMO programme. D. C. E. Bakker was supported by the EU FP7 for funding through project CARBOCHANGE (284879), the UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme (NE/H017046/1; funded by the Natural Environment Research Council, the Department for Energy and Climate Change and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs). L. Barbero was supported by NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program and acknowledges support for this work from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ROSES Carbon Cycle Science under NASA grant 13-CARBON13_2-0080. P. Ciais acknowledges support from the European Research Council through Synergy grant ERC-2013-SyG-610028 "IMBALANCE-P". M. Fader was supported by the EU FP7 for funding through project LUC4C (GA603542). J. Hauck was supported by the Helmholtz Postdoc Programme (Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association). R. A. Feely and A. J.; Sutton were supported by the Climate Observation Division, Climate Program Office, NOAA, US Department of Commerce. A. K. Jain was supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF AGS 12-43071) the US Department of Energy, Office of Science and BER programmes (DOE DE-SC0006706) and NASA LCLUC programme (NASA NNX14AD94G). E. Kato was supported by the ERTDF (S-10) from the Ministry of Environment, Japan. K. Klein Goldewijk was supported by the Dutch NWO VENI grant no. 863.14.022. S. K. Lauvset was supported by the project "Monitoring ocean acidification in Norwegian waters" from the Norwegian Ministry of Climate and Environment. V. Kitidis was supported by the EU FP7 for funding through project CARBOCHANGE (264879). C. Koven was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of their Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program. P. Landschutzer was supported by GEOCarbon. I. T. van der Lann-Luijkx received financial support from OCW/NWO for ICOS-NL and computing time from NWO (SH-060-13). I. D. Lima was supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF AGS-1048827). N. Metzl was supported by Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU) and Institut Paul Emile Victor (IPEV) for OISO cruises. D. R. Munro was supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF PLR-1341647 and NSF AOAS-0944761). J. E. M. S.r Nabel was supported by the German Research Foundation's Emmy Noether Programme (PO1751/1-1) and acknowledges Julia Pongratz and Kim Naudts for their contributions. Y. Nojiri and S. Nakaoka were supported by the Global Environment Research Account for National Institutes (1432) by the Ministry of Environment of Japan. A. Olsen appreciates support from the Norwegian Research Council (SNACS, 229752). F. F. Perez were supported by BOCATS (CTM2013-41048-P) project co-founded by the Spanish government and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). B. Pfeil was supported through the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme AtlantOS under grant agreement no. 633211. D. Pierrot was supported by NOAA through the Climate Observation Division of the Climate Program Office. B. Poulter was supported by the EU FP7 for funding through GEOCarbon. G. Rehder was supported by BMBF (Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung) through project ICOS, grant no. 01LK1224D. U. Schuster was supported by NERC UKOARP (NE/H017046/1), NERC RAGANRoCC (NE/K002473/1), the European Space Agency (ESA) OceanFlux Evolution project, and EU FP7 CARBOCHANGE (264879). T. Steinhoff was supported by ICOS-D (BMBF FK 01LK1101C) and EU FP7 for funding through project CARBOCHANGE (264879). J. Schwinger was supported by the Research Council of Norway through project EVA (229771), and acknowledges the Norwegian Metacenter for Computational Science (NOTUR, project nn2980k), and the Norwegian Storage Infrastructure (NorStore, project ns2980k) for supercomputer time and storage resources. T. Takahashi was supported by grants from NOAA and the Comer Education and Science Foundation. B. Tilbrook was supported by the Australian Department of Environment and the Integrated Marine Observing System. B. D. Stocker was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation and FP7 funding through project EMBRACE (282672). S. van Heuven was supported by the EU FP7 for funding through project CARBOCHANGE (264879). G. R. van der Werf was supported by the European Research Council (280061). A.; Wiltshire was supported by the Joint UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101) and EU FP7 Funding through project LUC4C (603542). S. Zaehle was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (QUINCY; grant agreement no. 647204). ISAM (PI: Atul K. Jain) simulations were carried out at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), which is supported by the US DOE under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Contributions from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography were supported under DoE grant DE-SC0012167 and by Schmidt Philanthropies. This is NOAA-PMEL contribution number 4400. NR 171 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 68 U2 180 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2015 VL 7 IS 2 BP 349 EP 396 DI 10.5194/essd-7-349-2015 PG 48 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB6NQ UT WOS:000368632100016 ER PT J AU Krassovski, MB Riggs, JS Hook, LA Nettles, WR Hanson, PJ Boden, TA AF Krassovski, M. B. Riggs, J. S. Hook, L. A. Nettles, W. R. Hanson, P. J. Boden, T. A. TI A comprehensive data acquisition and management system for an ecosystem-scale peatland warming and elevated CO2 experiment SO GEOSCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTATION METHODS AND DATA SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID FOREST; CARBON AB Ecosystem-scale manipulation experiments represent large science investments that require well-designed data acquisition and management systems to provide reliable, accurate information to project participants and third party users. The SPRUCE project (Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Climatic and Environmental Change, http://mnspruce.ornl.gov) is such an experiment funded by the Department of Energy's (DOE), Office of Science, Terrestrial Ecosystem Science (TES) Program. The SPRUCE experimental mission is to assess ecosystem-level biological responses of vulnerable, high carbon terrestrial ecosystems to a range of climate warming manipulations and an elevated CO2 atmosphere. SPRUCE provides a platform for testing mechanisms controlling the vulnerability of organisms, bio-geochemical processes, and ecosystems to climatic change (e.g., thresholds for organism decline or mortality, limitations to regeneration, biogeochemical limitations to productivity, and the cycling and release of CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere). The SPRUCE experiment will generate a wide range of continuous and discrete measurements. To successfully manage SPRUCE data collection, achieve SPRUCE science objectives, and support broader climate change research, the research staff has designed a flexible data system using proven network technologies and software components. The primary SPRUCE data system components are the following: 1. data acquisition and control system - set of hardware and software to retrieve biological and engineering data from sensors, collect sensor status information, and distribute feedback to control components; 2. data collection system - set of hardware and software to deliver data to a central depository for storage and further processing; 3. data management plan - set of plans, policies, and practices to control consistency, protect data integrity, and deliver data. This publication presents our approach to meeting the challenges of designing and constructing an efficient data system for managing high volume sources of in situ observations in a remote, harsh environmental location. The approach covers data flow starting from the sensors and ending at the archival/distribution points, discusses types of hardware and software used, examines design considerations that were used to choose them, and describes the data management practices chosen to control and enhance the value of the data. C1 [Krassovski, M. B.; Hook, L. A.; Boden, T. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Nettles, W. R.; Hanson, P. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Riggs, J. S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Integrated Operat Support Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Krassovski, MB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM krassovskimb@ornl.gov RI Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Nettles, William/G-5190-2016 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Nettles, William/0000-0002-5829-8941 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER); US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; US Department of Energy FX This research and CDIAC were supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER), and conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.; This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under contract no. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy. The publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan). NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2193-0856 EI 2193-0864 J9 GEOSCI INSTRUM METH JI Geosci. Instrum. Methods Data Syst. PY 2015 VL 4 IS 2 BP 203 EP 213 DI 10.5194/gi-4-203-2015 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DC0IK UT WOS:000368900200007 ER PT S AU Groesser, T Fontenay, GV Han, J Chang, H Pluth, J Parvin, B AF Groesser, Torsten Fontenay, Gerald V. Han, Ju Chang, Hang Pluth, Janice Parvin, Bahram BE Bhanu, B Talbot, P TI Quantification of the Dynamics of DNA Repair to Ionizing Radiation via Colocalization of 53BP1 and gamma H2AX SO VIDEO BIOINFORMATICS: FROM LIVE IMAGING TO KNOWLEDGE SE Computational Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LEVEL SET; SEGMENTATION; NUCLEAR; LOCALIZATION AB Cellular response to stress can be manifested and visualized by measuring induced DNA damage. However, cellular systems can repair the damage through a variety of DNA repair pathways. It is important to characterize the dynamics of DNA repair in a variety of model systems. Such a characterization is another example of the video bioinformatics through harvesting and fixing of a large sample size at different time points. This chapter provides background and motivation for quantifying the dynamics of DNA damage induction and repair in cycling and stationary cells. These model systems indicate that the repair kinetics have a similar profile for gamma radiation; however, following iron ion exposure residual unrepaired damage is noted at longer times when assayed in stationary cells. Repair kinetics are visualized by immunofluorescence staining of phosphorylated histone gamma-H2AX and the DNA repair protein 53BP1. The kinetics are then quantified using cell-based segmentation, which provides a context for repair measurements and colocalization analysis. For enhanced robustness, cell-based segmentation and protein localization leverage geometric methods. Subsequently, cellular profiles are stored in a database, where colocalization analysis takes place through specially design database queries. C1 [Groesser, Torsten; Fontenay, Gerald V.; Han, Ju; Chang, Hang; Pluth, Janice; Parvin, Bahram] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Parvin, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM TGroesser@lbl.gov; GVFontenay@lbl.gov; JHan@lbl.gov; HChang@lbl.gov; B_Parvin@lbl.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2684 BN 978-3-319-23724-4; 978-3-319-23723-7 J9 COMPUT BIOL SER JI COMPU BIOL PY 2015 VL 22 BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-23724-4_14 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-23724-4 PG 11 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BE2CJ UT WOS:000369001700015 ER PT S AU Jao, PK Yang, YH Wohlberg, B AF Jao, Ping-Keng Yang, Yi-Hsuan Wohlberg, Brendt GP IEEE TI INFORMED MONAURAL SOURCE SEPARATION OF MUSIC BASED ON CONVOLUTIONAL SPARSE CODING SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING (ICASSP) SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) CY APR 19-24, 2014 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Signal Proc Soc DE Convolutional sparse coding; dictionary learning; score-informed monaural source separation ID REPRESENTATIONS; SIGNALS; NOISE AB Monaural source separation is a challenging problem that has many important applications in music information retrieval. In this paper, we focus on the score-informed variant of this problem. While non-negative matrix factorization and some other approaches have been shown effective, few existing approaches have properly taken the phase information into account. There are unnatural sound in the separation result, as the phase of each source signal is considered equivalent to the phase of the mixed signal. To remedy this, we propose to perform source separation directly in the time domain using a convolutional sparse coding (CSC) approach. Evaluation on the Bach10 dataset shows that, when the instrument, pitch and onset/offset time are informed, the source to distortion ratio of the separation result reaches 8.59 dB, which is 2.02 dB higher than a state-of-the-art system called Soundprism. C1 [Jao, Ping-Keng; Yang, Yi-Hsuan] Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Informat Technol Innovat, Taipei, Taiwan. [Wohlberg, Brendt] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jao, PK (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Informat Technol Innovat, Taipei, Taiwan. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4673-6997-8 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2015 BP 236 EP 240 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BE1SM UT WOS:000368452400048 ER PT S AU Mohan, KA Venkatakrishnan, SV Gibbs, JW Gulsoy, EB Xiao, XH De Graef, M Voorhees, PW Bouman, CA AF Mohan, K. Aditya Venkatakrishnan, S. V. Gibbs, John W. Gulsoy, E. Begum Xiao, Xianghui De Graef, M. Voorhees, Peter W. Bouman, Charles A. GP IEEE TI 4D Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction from Interlaced Views SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING (ICASSP) SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) CY APR 19-24, 2014 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Signal Proc Soc ID CT IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; TIME-VARYING TOMOGRAPHY; DIRECT FOURIER METHOD; COMPUTER-TOMOGRAPHY; RADON-TRANSFORM; OPTIMAL SCAN; OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHM AB X-ray tomography is increasingly being used for 4D spatio-temporal imaging of material samples at micron and finer scales. However, the temporal resolution of widely used 4D reconstruction methods is severely limited by the need to acquire a very large number of views for each reconstructed 3D volume. In this paper, we present a time interlaced model-based iterative reconstruction (TIMBIR) method which can significantly improve the temporal resolution of reconstructions. TIMBIR is a synergistic combination of two innovations. The first innovation, interlaced view sampling, is a novel approach to data acquisition which distributes the view angles more evenly in time. The second innovation is a 4D model based iterative reconstruction algorithm (MBIR) which can produce time resolved volumetric reconstructions of the sample from the interlaced views. Reconstructions of simulated data indicate that TIMBIR can improve the temporal resolution by an order of magnitude relative to existing approaches. C1 [Mohan, K. Aditya; Bouman, Charles A.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gibbs, John W.; Gulsoy, E. Begum; Voorhees, Peter W.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Xiao, Xianghui] Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [De Graef, M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Venkatakrishnan, S. V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mohan, KA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Voorhees, Peter /B-6700-2009; Gulsoy, Emine/A-1985-2011; OI Gulsoy, Emine/0000-0002-8182-2473; Gibbs, John/0000-0002-0231-1318 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4673-6997-8 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2015 BP 783 EP 787 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BE1SM UT WOS:000368452400157 ER PT S AU Duke, DJ Swantek, AB Kastengren, AL Powell, CF AF Duke, Daniel J. Swantek, Anderew B. Kastengren, Alan l. Powell, Chritopher F. GP IOP TI X-ray Diagnostics for Cavitating Nozzle Flow SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CAVITATION (CAV2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Cavitation (CAV) CY DEC 06-10, 2015 CL Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne, Lausanne, SWITZERLAND HO Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne ID RADIOGRAPHY AB Cavitation plays a critical role in the internal flow of nozzles such as those used in direct fuel injection systems. However, quantifying the vapor fraction in the nozzle is difficult. The gas-liquid interfaces refract and multiply scatter visible light, making quantitative extinction measurements difficult. X-rays offer a solution to this problem, as they refract and scatter only weakly. In this paper, we report on current progress in the development of several x-ray diagnostics for cavitating nozzle flows. X-ray radiography experiments undertaken at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory have provided measurements of total projected void fraction in a 500 mu m submerged nozzle, which have been directly compared with numerical simulations. From this work, it has been shown that dissolved gases in the liquid also result in the formation of vapor regions, and it is difficult to separate these multiple phenomena. To address this problem, the liquid was doped with an x-ray fluorescent bromine tracer, and the dissolved air substituted with krypton. The fluorescent emission of Br and Kr at x-ray wavelengths provide a novel measurement of both the total void fraction and the dissolved gas component, allowing both cavitation and dissolved gas contributions to be measured independently. [199/200 words] C1 [Duke, Daniel J.; Swantek, Anderew B.; Powell, Chritopher F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Lemont, IL USA. [Kastengren, Alan l.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Lemont, IL USA. RP Duke, DJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Lemont, IL USA. EM dduke@anl.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 656 AR 012110 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/656/1/012110 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BE1UH UT WOS:000368580600110 ER PT S AU Adamowski, M Bremer, J Geynisman, M Hentschel, S Montanari, D Nessi, M Norris, B AF Adamowski, M. Bremer, J. Geynisman, M. Hentschel, S. Montanari, D. Nessi, M. Norris, B. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Development of cryogenic installations for large liquid argon neutrino detectors SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB A proposal for a very large liquid argon (68,000 kg) based neutrino detector is being studied. To validate the design principles and the detector technology, and to gain experience in the development of the cryostats and the cryogenic systems needed for such large experiments, several smaller scale installations will be developed and implemented, at Fermilab and CERN. The cryogenic systems for these installations will be developed, constructed, installed and commissioned by an international engineering team. These installations shall bring the required cooling power under specific conditions to the experiments for the initial cool-down and the long term operation, and shall also guarantee the correct distribution of the cooling power within the cryostats to ensure a homogeneous temperature distribution within the cryostat itself. The cryogenic systems shall also include gaseous and liquid phase argon purification devices to be used to reach and maintain the very stringent purity requirements needed for these installations (parts per trillion of oxygen equivalent contamination). This paper gives an overview of the installations involved in these cryogenic projects, describes the functional demands made to these cryogenic systems and presents the initial studies on which these future cryogenic systems will be based. C1 [Adamowski, M.; Geynisman, M.; Hentschel, S.; Montanari, D.; Norris, B.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Bremer, J.; Nessi, M.] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Adamowski, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM johan.bremer@cern.ch NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012029 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012029 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700029 ER PT S AU Conway, ZA Barcikowski, A Cherry, GL Fischer, RL Gerbick, SM Jansma, WG Kedzie, MJ Kelly, MP Kim, SH Lebedev, VA MacDonald, SWT Nicol, TH Ostroumov, PN Reid, TC Shepard, KW White, MJ AF Conway, Z. A. Barcikowski, A. Cherry, G. L. Fischer, R. L. Gerbick, S. M. Jansma, W. G. Kedzie, M. J. Kelly, M. P. Kim, S-H Lebedev, V. A. MacDonald, S. W. T. Nicol, T. H. Ostroumov, P. N. Reid, T. C. Shepard, K. W. White, M. J. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI A new 2 Kelvin Superconducting Half-Wave Cavity Cryomodule for PIP-II SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB Argonne National Laboratory has developed and is implementing a novel 2 K superconducting cavity cryomodule operating at 162.5 MHz. This cryomodule is designed for the acceleration of 2 mA H-/proton beams from 2.1 to 10 MeV as part of the Fermilab Proton Improvement Project-II (PIP-II). This work is an evolution of techniques recently implemented in two previous heavy-ion accelerator cryomodules now operating at Argonne National Laboratory. The 2 K cryomodule is comprised of 8 half-wave cavities operated in the continuous wave mode with 8 superconducting magnets, one in front of each cavity. All of the solenoids and cavities operate off of a single gravity fed 2 K helium cryogenic system expected to provide up to 50 W of 2 K cooling. Here we review the mechanical design of the cavities and cryomodule which were developed using methods similar to those required in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. This will include an overview of the cryomodule layout, the alignment of the accelerator components via modifications of the cryomodule vacuum vessel and provide a status report on the cryomodule assembly. C1 [Conway, Z. A.; Barcikowski, A.; Cherry, G. L.; Fischer, R. L.; Gerbick, S. M.; Jansma, W. G.; Kedzie, M. J.; Kelly, M. P.; Kim, S-H; MacDonald, S. W. T.; Ostroumov, P. N.; Reid, T. C.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lebedev, V. A.; Nicol, T. H.; White, M. J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Shepard, K. W.] TechSource Inc, 1475 Cent Ave,Suite 250, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Conway, ZA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zconway@anl.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012019 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012019 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700019 ER PT S AU DeGraff, B Howell, M Kim, S Neustadt, T AF DeGraff, B. Howell, M. Kim, S. Neustadt, T. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Liquid nitrogen historical and current usage of the central helium liquefier at SNS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB The main cryogenic system for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is comprised of a 4-K cold box, a 2-K cold box, six warm compressors, and ancillary support equipment. This system has been cold and operating with little disruption since 2005. Design and operation of liquid nitrogen (LN2) supplied from a single 20,000-gallon supply Dewar will be discussed. LN2 used to precool the 4-K cold box heat exchanger started to increase around 2011. LN2 Consumption during 2012 and 2013 was almost double the nominal usage rate. Studies of this data, plant parameter changes to respond to this information, and current interpretations are detailed in this paper. The usage rate of LN2 returned to normal in late 2013 and remained there until recent additional changes. Future study plans to understand potential causes of this including contamination migration within the 4-K cold box will also be addressed. C1 [DeGraff, B.; Howell, M.; Kim, S.; Neustadt, T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Res Accelerator Div, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP DeGraff, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Res Accelerator Div, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM degraffbd@ornl.gov OI KIM, SANG-HO/0000-0001-5190-9909; Howell, Matthew/0000-0003-1036-0707 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012072 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012072 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700072 ER PT S AU DeGraff, B Doleans, M Hannah, B Howell, M Kim, S Neustadt, T Saunders, J AF DeGraff, B. Doleans, M. Hannah, B. Howell, M. Kim, S. Neustadt, T. Saunders, J. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Commissioning and operation of the horizontal test apparatus at SNS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Lab (ORNL) has built, commissioned and operated a Horizontal Test Apparatus (HTA) vessel in the Radiofrequency Test Facility (RFTF) test cave. It can be operated at 4.5 K using the independent Cryogenic Test Facility (CTF). The HTA is designed to be a single cavity version of an SNS cryomodule with the ability to demount and replace the cavity. It provides the functionality for testing a single dressed SNS medium or high beta Superconducting Radiofrequency (SRF) cavity. The HTA is currently being used in support of R& D for in-situ plasma processing of the cavity's inner niobium surface. The design and commissioning of the HTA at 4.5 K will be presented as well as results from operating the HTA including cool-down, warm-up and steady state operations. Results from plasma processing a warm SCRF cavity in-between cold HTA tests will also be reported. C1 [DeGraff, B.; Doleans, M.; Hannah, B.; Howell, M.; Kim, S.; Neustadt, T.; Saunders, J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Res Accelerator Div, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP DeGraff, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Res Accelerator Div, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM degraffbd@ornl.gov OI KIM, SANG-HO/0000-0001-5190-9909; Howell, Matthew/0000-0003-1036-0707; doleans, marc/0000-0003-4542-8724 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012021 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012021 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700021 ER PT S AU Dhanaraj, N Tatkowski, G Huang, Y Page, TM Lamm, MJ Schmitt, RL Peterson, TJ AF Dhanaraj, N. Tatkowski, G. Huang, Y. Page, T. M. Lamm, M. J. Schmitt, R. L. Peterson, T. J. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI An analytical approach to designing a thermosiphon cooling system for large scale superconducting magnets SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB A Thermosiphon cooling scheme is a productive way of cooling large scale superconducting magnets. The absence of active pumping and the availability of the higher heal capacity parameter "latent heat" make this an attractive cooling method. Nevertheless, the design of such a system demands a well-organized study of the effect of various flow parameters, such as, mass flow rates, flow quality, etc., and also a robust mechanical design of the various components of the system. This paper presents an analytical approach to designing a thermosiphon cooling scheme based on homogeneous flow conditions as well as separated flow conditions. The design of the mechanical components such as the piping is also discussed. The design approach presented here has been applied to the reference design of two large superconducting solenoids, the Production Solenoid and the Detector Solenoid of the Mu2e experiment at Fermilab. C1 [Dhanaraj, N.; Tatkowski, G.; Huang, Y.; Page, T. M.; Lamm, M. J.; Schmitt, R. L.; Peterson, T. J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Dhanaraj, N (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM dhanaraj@fnal.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012142 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012142 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700142 ER PT S AU Duckworth, RC Demko, JA Lumsdaine, A Rapp, J Bjorholm, T Goulding, RH Caughman, JBO McGinnis, WD AF Duckworth, R. C. Demko, J. A. Lumsdaine, A. Rapp, J. Bjorholm, T. Goulding, R. H. Caughman, J. B. O. McGinnis, W. D. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Cryogenic considerations for superconducting magnet design for the material plasma exposure experiment SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson ID ION-CYCLOTRON FREQUENCY; HELICON PLASMA; FUTURE; WAVES AB In order to determine long term performance of plasma facing components such as diverters and first walls for fusion devices, next generation plasma generators are needed. A Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (MPEX) has been proposed to address this need through the generation of plasmas in front of the target with electron temperatures of 1-15 eV and electron densities of 10(20) to 10(21) m(-3). Heat fluxes on target diverters could reach 20 MW/m(2). To generate this plasma, a unique radio frequency helicon source and heating of electrons and ions through Electron Bernstein Wave (EBW) and Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ICRH) has been proposed. MPEX requires a series of magnets with non-uniform central fields up to 2 T over a 5-m length in the heating and transport region and 1 T uniform central field over a 1-m length on a diameter of 1.3 m. Given the field requirements, superconducting magnets are under consideration for MPEX. In order to determine the best construction method for the magnets, the cryogenic refrigeration has been analyzed with respect to cooldown and operational performance criteria for open-cycle and closed-cycle systems, capital and operating costs of these system, and maturity of supporting technology such as cryocoolers. These systems will be compared within the context of commercially available magnet constructions to determine the most economical method for MPEX operation. The current state of the MPEX magnet design including details on possible superconducting magnet configurations is presented. C1 [Duckworth, R. C.; Lumsdaine, A.; Rapp, J.; Bjorholm, T.; Goulding, R. H.; Caughman, J. B. O.; McGinnis, W. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fus & Mat Nucl Syst Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Demko, J. A.] LeTourneau Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Longview, TX 75607 USA. RP Duckworth, RC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fus & Mat Nucl Syst Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM duckworthrc@ornl.gov RI Goulding, Richard/C-5982-2016; Caughman, John/R-4889-2016 OI Goulding, Richard/0000-0002-1776-7983; Caughman, John/0000-0002-0609-1164 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012143 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012143 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700143 ER PT S AU Ganni, V Dixon, K Laverdure, N Yang, S Nellis, T Jones, S Casagrande, F AF Ganni, V. Dixon, K. Laverdure, N. Yang, S. Nellis, T. Jones, S. Casagrande, F. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI FRIB Cryogenic Distribution System and Status SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB The MSU-FRIB cryogenic distribution system supports the 2 K primary, 4 K primary, and 35 - 55 K shield operation of more than 70 loads in the accelerator and the experimental areas. It is based on JLab and SNS experience with bayonet-type disconnects between the loads and the distribution system for phased commissioning and maintenance. The linac transfer line, which features three separate transfer line segments for additional independence during phased commissioning at 4 K and 2 K, connects the folded arrangement of 49 cryomodules and 4 superconducting dipole magnets and a fourth transfer line supports the separator area cryo loads. The pressure reliefs for the transfer line process lines, located in the refrigeration room outside the tunnel/accelerator area, are piped to be vented outdoors. The transfer line designs integrate supply and return flow paths into a combined vacuum space. The main linac distribution segments are produced in a small number of standard configurations; a prototype of one such configuration has been fabricated at Jefferson Lab and has been installed at MSU to support testing of a prototype FRIB cryomodule. C1 [Ganni, V.; Dixon, K.; Laverdure, N.; Yang, S.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Nellis, T.; Jones, S.; Casagrande, F.] Michigan State Univ, FRIB, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Ganni, V (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM nal@jlab.org NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012034 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012034 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700034 ER PT S AU Green, MA Chouhan, SS Wang, C Zeller, AF AF Green, M. A. Chouhan, S. S. Wang, C. Zeller, A. F. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Second stage cooling from a Cryomech PT415 cooler at second stage temperatures up to 300 K with cooling on the first-stage from 0 to 250 W SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB The amount of cooling delivered to the second stage of a two stage cooler is dependent on the second stage temperature and the amount of refrigeration provided by the cooler first stage. The second stage cooling as a function of temperature for a Cryomech PT-415 cooler (1.5 W at 4.2 K with 42 W on the first stage) has been estimated by scaling similar data that was measured for a Cryomech PT-410 cooler (1.0 W at 4.2 K with 28 to 30 W on the first stage). In order to accurately calculate the cool-down time for a superconducting magnet using PT-415 K coolers one must know how much cooling can be delivered by the cooler second-stage as a function of the second-stage temperature and the added cooling delivered to the cooler first-stage. There are applications where PT415 coolers are used in the temperature range from 15 to 25 K to liquefy hydrogen or cool magnets fabricated from MgB2. This report describes the method for estimating the cooler performance for a PT415 cooler as well as the results of the measurements on several PT415 coolers. C1 [Green, M. A.; Chouhan, S. S.; Zeller, A. F.] Michigan State Univ, FRIB, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Green, M. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, M-S0161, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, C.] Cryomech Inc, 113 Falso Dr, Syracuse, NY 13211 USA. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, FRIB, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM green@frib.msu.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012002 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012002 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700002 ER PT S AU Green, MA AF Green, M. A. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI The cost of coolers for cooling superconducting devices at temperatures at 4.2 K, 20 K, 40 K and 77 K SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB This author and other authors have written papers concerning the cost of refrigeration as a function of the refrigeration delivered. These papers have included small coolers as well. The lowest temperature range from 3.8 K to 4.7 K (the liquid helium temperature range) is covered using coolers that have two stages. The use of magnets and power equipment that use MgB2 conductors and HTS conductors have spurred the development of coolers that work well temperature ranges from 15 K to 30 K (hydrogen temperature applications), HTS conductors like BSSCO and YBCO for the range fro 35 to 50 K and HTS devices from 65 K to 80 K (applications in the liquid nitrogen temperature range). This paper will present some cost data for a number of commercial two-stage and single-stage coolers. This data will be fitted to allow one to estimate the cost of coolers as a function of refrigeration for temperatures of 4.2 K, 20 K, 40 K and 77 K. The efficiency of a large number of coolers over a range of temperatures is also discussed. C1 [Green, M. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, M-S 46-0161, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, M-S 46-0161, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MAGreen@lbl.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012001 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012001 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700001 ER PT S AU Howell, M Casagrande, F DeGraff, B Ganni, V Kim, SH Knudsen, P Martinez, M Morris, B Neustadt, T Norton, R Scanlon, C Strong, H Vandygriff, D Wilson, G AF Howell, M. Casagrande, F. DeGraff, B. Ganni, V. Kim, S-H Knudsen, P. Martinez, M. Morris, B. Neustadt, T. Norton, R. Scanlon, C. Strong, H. Vandygriff, D. Wilson, G. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI 2-K pump down studies at SNS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) linear accelerator (LINAC) consists of 81 superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities cooled to 2.1 K by a cryogenic refrigeration system. The 2-K cold box consists of four stages of cold compressors with liquid nitrogen cooled variable speed motors. Transitioning from 4.5-K operation to 2.1-K operation in the cryomodules involves pumping the cryomodules down from approximately 1 bar to 0.040 bar. This effort is conducted through the use of several sequences developed as a collaborative effort between Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF) and SNS personnel during the original commissioning of the SNS cryogenic system. Over the last ten years, multiple lessons have been learned about VFD behavior, thermal stability, procedural development and refining the sequences. From 2012 to 2014, there were multiple pump down iterations that were not successful. Studies have been conducted to determine the cause of these unsuccessful iterations. The results of these studies including components replaced and aspects that have not yet been solved are presented in this paper. Future plans to refine the sequence and determine the cause of unsuccessful pump downs will also be presented. C1 [Howell, M.; DeGraff, B.; Kim, S-H; Martinez, M.; Morris, B.; Neustadt, T.; Strong, H.; Vandygriff, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Res Accelerator Div, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ganni, V.; Knudsen, P.; Norton, R.; Scanlon, C.; Wilson, G.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Div Engn, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Casagrande, F.] Michigan State Univ, FRIB Project, 640 S Shaw Lane, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Howell, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Res Accelerator Div, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM howellm@ornl.gov OI KIM, SANG-HO/0000-0001-5190-9909 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012128 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012128 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700128 ER PT S AU Howell, M DeGraff, B Kim, SH Morris, B Neustadt, T Strong, H AF Howell, M. DeGraff, B. Kim, S-H Morris, B. Neustadt, T. Strong, H. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Cryogenic system operational experience at SNS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB The helium cryogenic system at Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) provides cooling to 81 superconducting radio frequency cavities. During the first ten years of operation, much operational experience and lessons learned have been gained. The lessons learned include integrated system issues as well as component failures in the areas of mechanical, electrical and controls. Past issues that have been corrected as well as current issues in the system will be detailed in this paper. In 2009, a Process Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (PFMEA) was completed as a way to identify high risk items and prioritize efforts. Since 2009, the progress on mitigating the identified high risk items has been tracked. The results of the PFMEA and the progress made in reducing risk to the cryogenic system operation will be detailed in this paper. C1 [Howell, M.; DeGraff, B.; Kim, S-H; Morris, B.; Neustadt, T.; Strong, H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Res Accelerator Div, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Howell, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Res Accelerator Div, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM howellm@ornl.gov OI KIM, SANG-HO/0000-0001-5190-9909 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012127 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012127 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700127 ER PT S AU Kaluzny, JA Grimm, C Passarelli, D AF Kaluzny, J. A. Grimm, C. Passarelli, D. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Stainless steel to titanium bimetallic transitions SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB In order to use stainless steel piping in an LCLS-II (Linac Coherent Light Source Upgrade) cryomodule, stainless steel to titanium bimetallic transitions are needed to connect the stainless steel piping to the titanium cavity helium vessel. Explosion bonded stainless steel to titanium transition pieces and bimetallic transition material samples have been tested. A sample transition tube was subjected to tests and x-ray examinations between tests. Samples of the bonded joint material were impact and tensile tested at room temperature as well as liquid helium temperature. The joint has been used successfully in horizontal tests of LCLS-II cavity helium vessels and is planned to be used in LCLS-II cryomodules. Results of material sample and transition tube tests will be presented. C1 [Kaluzny, J. A.; Grimm, C.; Passarelli, D.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kaluzny, JA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM kaluzny@fnal.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012022 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012022 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700022 ER PT S AU Kashikhin, VV Andreev, N Barzi, E Novitski, I Zlobin, AV AF Kashikhin, V. V. Andreev, N. Barzi, E. Novitski, I. Zlobin, A. V. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Magnetic and structural design of a 15 T Nb3Sn accelerator dipole model SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson ID FERMILAB AB Hadron Colliders (HC) are the most powerful discovery tools in modern high energy physics. A 100 TeV scale HC with a nominal operation field of at least 15 T is being considered for the post-LHC era. The choice of a 15 T nominal field requires using the Nb3Sn technology. Practical demonstration of this field level in an accelerator-quality magnet and substantial reduction of the magnet costs are the key conditions for realization of such a machine. FNAL has started the development of a 15 T Nb3Sn dipole demonstrator for a 100 TeV scale HC. The magnet design is based on 4-layer shell type coils, graded between the inner and outer layers to maximize the performance. The experience gained during the 11-T dipole R&D campaign is applied to different aspects of the magnet design. This paper describes the magnetic and structural designs and parameters of the 15 T Nb3Sn dipole and the steps towards the demonstration model. C1 [Kashikhin, V. V.; Andreev, N.; Barzi, E.; Novitski, I.; Zlobin, A. V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kashikhin, VV (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM vadim@fnal.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012055 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012055 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700055 ER PT S AU Kesgin, I Doose, CL Kasa, MT Ivanyushenkov, Y Welp, U AF Kesgin, I. Doose, C. L. Kasa, M. T. Ivanyushenkov, Y. Welp, U. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Design of a REBCO thin film superconducting undulator SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB Recent developments have shown that superconducting undulators, mainly NbTi-based, outperform the existing devices. However, cooling these undulators is a challenge. REBCO (RE = rare earth, barium copper oxide) coated conductors (CCs) have been found to be a promising alternative to these materials due to their larger temperature stability margin and high engineering current densities. Here, we have investigated the feasibility of building an undulator magnetic structure using REBCO coated conductors and conducted experiments to evaluate their performance. The undulator coil has been wound with no inter-layer insulation. The critical current measurements at 77K showed that the winding of the undulator does not noticeably deteriorate the performance of the tape. Transient behaviour of the undulator has also been investigated and found to be characterized by long magnetic field decay times that result from current sharing between the windings. Steady-state operation was found to be very suitable for most undulator applications. C1 [Kesgin, I.; Welp, U.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave,B109, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Doose, C. L.; Kasa, M. T.; Ivanyushenkov, Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Kesgin, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave,B109, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ikesgin@anl.gov RI Kesgin, Ibrahim/A-4178-2012 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012053 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012053 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700053 ER PT S AU Knudsen, P Ganni, V Dixon, K Norton, R Creel, J AF Knudsen, P. Ganni, V. Dixon, K. Norton, R. Creel, J. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Commissioning and operational results of the 12 GeV helium compression system at JLab SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB The new compressor system at Jefferson Lab (JLab) for the 12 GeV upgrade was commissioned in the spring of 2013 and incorporates many design changes, discussed in previous publications, to improve the operational range, efficiency, reliability and maintainability as compared to previous compressor skids used for this application. The 12 GeV helium compression system has five compressors configured with four pressure levels supporting three pressure levels in the new cold box. During compressor commissioning the compressors were operated independent of the cold box over a wide range of process conditions to verify proper performance including adequate cooling and oil removal. Isothermal and volumetric efficiencies over these process conditions for several built-in-volume ratios were obtained. This paper will discuss the operational envelope results and the modifications/improvements incorporated into the skids. C1 [Knudsen, P.; Ganni, V.; Dixon, K.; Norton, R.; Creel, J.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Div Engn, Cryogen Grp, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Knudsen, P (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Div Engn, Cryogen Grp, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM knudsen@jlab.org NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012126 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012126 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700126 ER PT S AU Knudsen, P Ganni, V Dixon, K Norton, R Creel, J AF Knudsen, P. Ganni, V. Dixon, K. Norton, R. Creel, J. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Commissioning and operational results of helium refrigeration system at JLab for the 12GeV upgrade SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB The new 4.5 K refrigerator system at the Jefferson Lab (JLab) Central Helium Liquefier (CHL-2) for the 12 GeV upgrade was commissioned in late spring of 2013, following the commissioning of the new compressor system, and has been supporting 12 GeV LINAC commissioning since that time. Six design modes were tested during commissioning, consisting of a maximum capacity, nominal capacity, maximum liquefaction, maximum refrigeration, maximum fill and a stand-by/reduced load condition. The maximum capacity was designed to support a 238 g/s, 30 K and 1.16 bar cold compressor return flow, a 15 g/s, 4.5 K liquefaction load and a 12.6 kW, 35-55 K shield load. The other modes were selected to ensure proper component sizing and selection to allow the cold box to operate over a wide range of conditions and capacities. The cold box system is comprised of two physically independent cold boxes with interconnecting transfer-lines. The outside (upper) 300-60 K vertical cold box has no turbines and incorporates a liquid nitrogen pre-cooler and 80-K beds. The inside (lower) 60-4.5 K horizontal cold box houses seven turbines that are configured in four expansion stages including one Joule-Thompson expander and a 20-K bed. The helium compression system has five compressors to support three pressure levels in the cold box. This paper will summarize the analysis of the test data obtained over the wide range of operating conditions and capacities which were tested. C1 [Knudsen, P.; Ganni, V.; Dixon, K.; Norton, R.; Creel, J.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Div Engn, Cryogen Grp, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Knudsen, P (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Div Engn, Cryogen Grp, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM knudsen@jlab.org NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012125 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012125 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700125 ER PT S AU Knudsen, P Ganni, V AF Knudsen, P. Ganni, V. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Testing of a 4 K to 2 K heat exchanger with an intermediate pressure drop SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB Most large sub-atmospheric helium refrigeration systems incorporate a heat exchanger at the load, or in the distribution system, to counter-flow the sub-atmospheric return with the super-critical or liquid supply. A significant process improvement is theoretically obtainable by handling the exergy loss across the Joule-Thompson throttling valve supplying the flow to the load in a simple but different manner. As briefly outlined in previous publications, the exergy loss can be minimized by allowing the supply flow pressure to decrease to a sub-atmospheric pressure concurrent with heat exchange flow from the load. One practical implementation is to sub-divide the supply flow pressure drop between two heat exchanger sections, incorporating an intermediate pressure drop. Such a test is being performed at Jefferson Lab's Cryogenic Test Facility (CTF). This paper will briefly discuss the theory, practical implementation and test results and analysis obtained to date. C1 [Knudsen, P.; Ganni, V.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Cryogen Grp, Div Engn, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Knudsen, P (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Cryogen Grp, Div Engn, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM knudsen@jlab.org NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012105 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012105 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700105 ER PT S AU Montanari, D Bremer, J Gendotti, A Geynisman, M Hentschel, S Loew, T Mladenov, D Montanari, C Murphy, S Nessi, M Norris, B Noto, F Rubbia, A Sharma, R Smargianaki, D Stewart, J Vignoli, C Wilson, P Wu, S AF Montanari, D. Bremer, J. Gendotti, A. Geynisman, M. Hentschel, S. Loew, T. Mladenov, D. Montanari, C. Murphy, S. Nessi, M. Norris, B. Noto, F. Rubbia, A. Sharma, R. Smargianaki, D. Stewart, J. Vignoli, C. Wilson, P. Wu, S. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Development of membrane cryostats for large liquid argon neutrino detectors SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB A new collaboration is being formed to develop a multi-kiloton Long-Baseline neutrino experiment that will be located at the Surf Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, SD. In the present design, the detector will be located inside cryostats filled with 68,400 ton of ultrapure liquid argon (less than 100 parts per trillion of oxygen equivalent contamination). To qualify the membrane technology for future very large-scale and underground implementations, a strong prototyping effort is ongoing: several smaller detectors of growing size with associated cryostats and cryogenic systems will be designed and built at Fermilab and CERN. They will take physics data and test different detector elements, filtration systems, design options and installation procedures. In addition, a 35 ton prototype is already operational at Fermilab and will take data with single-phase detector in early 2016. After the prototyping phase, the multi-kton detector will be constructed. After commissioning, it will detect and study neutrinos from a new beam from Fermilab. These cryostats will be engineered, constructed, commissioned, and qualified by an international engineering team. This contribution presents the on-going effort on the development of the cryostats and details the requirements and the current status of the design. C1 [Montanari, D.; Geynisman, M.; Hentschel, S.; Norris, B.; Wilson, P.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Bremer, J.; Mladenov, D.; Nessi, M.; Smargianaki, D.] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Gendotti, A.; Murphy, S.; Rubbia, A.; Wu, S.] ETH, Inst Particle Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Loew, T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Montanari, C.] INFN Sez Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Noto, F.] INFN Lab Nazl Sud, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Stewart, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Uptown, NY 11973 USA. [Vignoli, C.] INFN Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, AQ, Italy. RP Montanari, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM dmontana@fnal.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012049 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012049 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700049 ER PT S AU Pei, L Theilacker, J Klebaner, A Soyars, W Bossert, R AF Pei, L. Theilacker, J. Klebaner, A. Soyars, W. Bossert, R. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Fermilab Muon Campus g-2 Cryogenic Distribution Remote Control System SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB The Muon Campus (MC) is able to measure Muon g-2 with high precision and comparing its value to the theoretical prediction. The MC has four 300 KW screw compressors and four liquid helium refrigerators. The centerpiece of the Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab is a large, 50-foot-diameter superconducting muon storage ring. This one-of-a-kind ring, made of steel, aluminum and superconducting wire, was built for the previous g-2 experiment at Brookhaven. Because each subsystem has to be far away from each other and be placed in the distant location, Siemens Process Control System PCS7-400, Automation Direct DL205 & DL05 PLC, Synoptic and Fermilab ACNET HMI are the ideal choices as the MC g-2 cryogenic distribution real-time and on-Line remote control system. This paper presents a method which has been successfully used by many Fermilab distribution cryogenic real-time and On-Line remote control systems. C1 [Pei, L.; Theilacker, J.; Klebaner, A.; Soyars, W.; Bossert, R.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Pei, L (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM Lpei@fnal.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012174 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012174 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700174 ER PT S AU Shiroyanagi, Y Doose, C Fuerst, J Harkay, K Hasse, Q Ivanyushenkov, Y Kasa, M AF Shiroyanagi, Y. Doose, C. Fuerst, J. Harkay, K. Hasse, Q. Ivanyushenkov, Y. Kasa, M. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Thermal analysis of superconducting undulator cryomodules SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB A cryocooler-cooled superconducting undulator (SCU0) has been operating in the Advanced Photon Source (APS) storage ring since January of 2013. Based on lessons learned from the construction and operation of SCU0, a second superconducting undulator (SCU1) has been built and cold tested stand-alone. An excess cooling capacity measurement and static heat load analysis show a large improvement of cryogenic performance of SCU1 compared with SCU0. ANSYS-based thermal analysis of these cryomodules incorporating all the cooling circuits was completed. Comparisons between measured and calculated temperatures at the three operating conditions of the cryomodule (static, beam heat only, beam heat and magnet current) will be presented. C1 [Shiroyanagi, Y.; Doose, C.; Fuerst, J.; Harkay, K.; Hasse, Q.; Ivanyushenkov, Y.; Kasa, M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shiroyanagi, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM yshiroyanagi@aps.anl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012146 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012146 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700146 ER PT S AU Tatkowski, G Cheban, S Dhanaraj, N Evbota, D Lopes, M Nicol, T Sanders, R Schmitt, R Voirin, E AF Tatkowski, G. Cheban, S. Dhanaraj, N. Evbota, D. Lopes, M. Nicol, T. Sanders, R. Schmitt, R. Voirin, E. BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Forced two-phase helium cooling scheme for the Mu2e transport solenoid SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB The Mu2e Transport Solenoid (TS) is an S-shaped magnet formed by two separate but similar magnets, TS-u and TS-d. Each magnet is quarter-toroid shaped with a centerline radius of approximately 3 m utilizing a helium cooling loop consisting of 25 to 27 horizontal-axis rings connected in series. This cooling loop configuration has been deemed adequate for cooling via forced single phase liquid helium; however it presents major challenges to forced two-phase flow such as "garden hose" pressure drop, concerns of flow separation from tube walls, difficulty of calculation, etc. Even with these disadvantages, forced two-phase flow has certain inherent advantages which make it a more attractive option than forced single phase flow. It is for this reason that the use of forced two-phase flow was studied for the TS magnets. This paper will describe the analysis using helium-specific pressure drop correlations, conservative engineering approach, helium properties calculated and updated at over fifty points, and how the results compared with those in literature. Based on the findings, the use of forced-two phase helium is determined to be feasible for steady-state cooling of the TS solenoids. C1 [Tatkowski, G.; Cheban, S.; Dhanaraj, N.; Evbota, D.; Lopes, M.; Nicol, T.; Sanders, R.; Schmitt, R.; Voirin, E.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Tatkowski, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM gtatkows@fnal.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012152 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012152 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700152 ER PT S AU White, M Hansen, B Klebaner, A AF White, Michael Hansen, Benjamin Klebaner, Arkadiy BE Weisend II, JG Demko, J DiPirro, M Howell, M DAntonio, A Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S AlZeller TI Cryogenic System for the Cryomodule Test Stand at Fermilab SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB This paper describes the cryogenic system for the Cryomodule Test Stand (CMTS) at the new Cryomodule Test Facility (CMTF) located at Fermilab. CMTS is designed for production testing of the 1.3 GHz and 3.9GHz cryomodules to be used in the Linac Coherent Light Source II (LCLSII), which is an upgrade to an existing accelerator at Stanford Linear Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC). This paper will focus on the cryogenic system that extends from the helium refrigeration plant to the CMTS cave. Topics covered will include component design, installation and commissioning progress, and operational plans. The paper will conclude with a description of the heat load measurement plan. C1 [White, Michael; Hansen, Benjamin; Klebaner, Arkadiy] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500 MS 347, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP White, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500 MS 347, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM mjwhite@fnal.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 101 AR 012098 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012098 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1RP UT WOS:000368434700098 ER PT J AU Naulleau, P Anderson, C Chao, WL Goldberg, K Wojdyla, A Bhattarai, S Neureuther, A Goodwin, F Neisser, M AF Naulleau, Patrick Anderson, Christopher Chao, Weilun Goldberg, Kenneth Wojdyla, Antoine Bhattarai, Suchit Neureuther, Andrew Goodwin, Frank Neisser, Mark TI Enabling EUV Resist Research at the 1x and Smaller Regime SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOPOLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE photoresist; extreme ultraviolet; shot noise; phase-shift mask ID LINE-EDGE ROUGHNESS AB With the slipping of the insertion node for extreme ultraviolet lithography, demands on resist resolution have increased further stressing sensitivity requirements. A variety of resists, both chemically amplified and not, have been developed meeting resolution needs, but falling short on sensitivity and line-width roughness (LWR). Note that resolution is an absolute mandatory requirement, the true tradeoff that must be considered is between sensitivity and contact hole printing is a crucial application for extreme ultraviolet lithography and is particularly challenged by resist sensitivity due to inherent inefficiencies in darkfield contact printing. Checkerboard strong phase shift masks have the potential to alleviate this problem through a 4x increase in optical efficiency. The feasibility of this method is demonstrated using the SEMATECH-Berkeley Microfield Exposure Tool pseudo phase shift mask configuration and preliminary results are provided on the fabrication of an etched multilayer checkerboard phase shift mask. C1 [Naulleau, Patrick; Anderson, Christopher; Chao, Weilun; Goldberg, Kenneth; Wojdyla, Antoine] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bhattarai, Suchit; Neureuther, Andrew] Univ Calif Berkeley, EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Goodwin, Frank; Neisser, Mark] SEMATECH, Albany, NY USA. RP Naulleau, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU JSR through the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors are greatly indebted to the CXRO MET operations team including Gideon Jones, Mark Binenbaum, Chanin King, Kurt Schlueter, and Jessalyn Sincher. We also thank Rama Ayothi of JSR, Hideaki Tsubaki of Fuji, and Jason Stowers of Inpria for excellent resist support. The work was performed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Advanced Light Source synchrotron facility with support from Inpria, Intel, and JSR through the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU TECHNICAL ASSOC PHOTOPOLYMERS,JAPAN PI CHIBA PA CHIBA UNIV, FACULTY ENGINEERING, YAYOICHO, CHIBA, 263-8522, JAPAN SN 0914-9244 J9 J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC JI J. Photopolym Sci. Technol. PY 2015 VL 28 IS 6 BP 777 EP 782 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DB4GL UT WOS:000368471400009 ER PT S AU Singh, AK Chandrasekaran, A AF Singh, Anup K. Chandrasekaran, Aarthi BE Singh, AK Chandrasekaran, A TI Single Cell Protein Analysis Methods and Protocols Preface SO SINGLE CELL PROTEIN ANALYSIS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Singh, Anup K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Biol Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA USA. [Singh, Anup K.; Chandrasekaran, Aarthi] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA USA. [Chandrasekaran, Aarthi] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Singh, AK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Biol Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-4939-2987-0; 978-1-4939-2986-3 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2015 VL 1346 BP V EP V D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-2987-0 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BE1TP UT WOS:000368527000001 ER PT S AU Wu, MY Singh, AK AF Wu, Meiye Singh, Anup K. BE Singh, AK Chandrasekaran, A TI Microfluidic Flow Cytometry for Single-Cell Protein Analysis SO SINGLE CELL PROTEIN ANALYSIS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Immunostaining; Phosphoprotein; Cell surface receptors; Cytokine; Single-cell resolution; Microfluidic; Flow cytometry AB Flow-cytometric (FC) detection of proteins in single cells is a rapid, quantitative method for single-cell protein analysis. Recent advancements in microfluidic technologies have leveraged miniaturization and automation to adapt flow cytometry for analyzing single cell protein profiles both for cell surface and intracellular proteins. Here, we describe the method for microfluidic FC, along with instructions to build a microfluidic platform capable of automated cell culture, cell surface receptor immunostaining, intracellular phosphoprotein and intracellular cytokine immunostaining, and analysis using micro-flow cytometry. As a demonstration of our platform and protocol, we detail the profiling of TLR4 receptor activation, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and TNF alpha production in LPS stimulated macrophages using the microfluidic platform. C1 [Wu, Meiye] Sandia Natl Labs, Biotechnol & Bioengn, Livermore, CA USA. [Singh, Anup K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Biol Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA USA. [Singh, Anup K.] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA USA. RP Wu, MY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Biotechnol & Bioengn, Livermore, CA USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R01 DE020891]; NIGMS NIH HHS [P50GM085273] NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-4939-2987-0; 978-1-4939-2986-3 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2015 VL 1346 BP 69 EP 83 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2987-0_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-2987-0 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BE1TP UT WOS:000368527000007 PM 26542716 ER PT S AU Anthony, S Carroll-Portillo, A Timlin, J AF Anthony, Stephen Carroll-Portillo, Amanda Timlin, Jerilyn BE Singh, AK Chandrasekaran, A TI Dynamics and Interactions of Individual Proteins in the Membrane of Single, Living Cells SO SINGLE CELL PROTEIN ANALYSIS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Single-molecule methods; Single-particle tracking; Fluorescence microscopy; Superresolution ID FC-EPSILON-RI; REFLECTION FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; PARTICLE TRACKING; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; MOLECULE LOCALIZATION; MULTISCALE PRODUCTS; QUANTUM DOTS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; RECEPTOR; DIFFUSION AB Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy is a powerful technique for interrogating protein dynamics in the membranes of living single cells. Receptor-ligand interactions are of particular interest for improving our understanding of cell signaling networks in a variety of applications. Here, we describe methods for fluorescently labeling individual receptors and their ligands, conducting single-molecule TIRF microscopy of receptors and ligands in single, living cells, and importantly, performing image analysis on the resulting time sequence of images to extract quantitative dynamics. While we use Toll-like receptor 4 and its ligand lipopolysaccharide as a specific example, the methods are general and readily extendable to other receptor-ligand systems of importance in cellular C1 [Anthony, Stephen; Carroll-Portillo, Amanda; Timlin, Jerilyn] Sandia Natl Labs, Bioenergy & Def Technol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Anthony, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Bioenergy & Def Technol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. OI Timlin, Jerilyn/0000-0003-2953-1721 FU NIH HHS [1-DP2-OD006673-01] NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-4939-2987-0; 978-1-4939-2986-3 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2015 VL 1346 BP 185 EP 207 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2987-0_13 D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-2987-0 PG 23 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BE1TP UT WOS:000368527000014 PM 26542723 ER PT S AU Denker, D Archibald, R Gelb, A AF Denker, Dennis Archibald, Rick Gelb, Anne BE Kirby, RM Berzins, M Hesthaven, JS TI An Adaptive Fourier Filter for Relaxing Time Stepping Constraints for Explicit Solvers SO SPECTRAL AND HIGH ORDER METHODS FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS ICOSAHOM 2014 SE Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Spectral and High-Order Methods (ICOSAHOM) CY JUN 23-27, 2014 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP US Natl Sci Fdn, US Off Naval Res, US Air Force Off Sponsored Res, US Army Res Off, University Utah, SCI Inst AB Filtering is necessary to stabilize piecewise smooth solutions. The resulting diffusion stabilizes the method, but may fail to resolve the solution near discontinuities. Moreover, high order filtering still requires cost prohibitive time stepping. This paper introduces an adaptive filter that controls spurious modes of the solution, but is not unnecessarily diffusive. Consequently we are able to stabilize the solution with larger time steps, but also take advantage of the accuracy of a high order filter. C1 [Denker, Dennis; Gelb, Anne] Arizona State Univ, Sch Math & Stat Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Archibald, Rick] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Denker, D (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Math & Stat Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM dennydenker@cox.net; archibaldrk@ornl.gov RI Archibald, Rick/I-6238-2016 OI Archibald, Rick/0000-0002-4538-9780 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1439-7358 BN 978-3-319-19800-2; 978-3-319-19799-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMP SCI PY 2015 VL 106 BP 157 EP 166 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-19800-2_12 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BE1SB UT WOS:000368440400012 ER PT S AU Gerritsma, M Bochev, P AF Gerritsma, Marc Bochev, Pavel BE Kirby, RM Berzins, M Hesthaven, JS TI A Locally Conservative High-Order Least-Squares Formulation in Curvilinear Coordinates SO SPECTRAL AND HIGH ORDER METHODS FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS ICOSAHOM 2014 SE Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Spectral and High-Order Methods (ICOSAHOM) CY JUN 23-27, 2014 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP US Natl Sci Fdn, US Off Naval Res, US Air Force Off Sponsored Res, US Army Res Off, University Utah, SCI Inst ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; SPECTRAL ELEMENT METHOD; MASS-CONSERVATION; MOMENTUM; GRIDS; FLOW AB We present a locally conservative spectral least-squares formulation for the scalar diffusion-reaction equation in curvilinear coordinates. Careful selection of a least squares functional and compatible finite dimensional subspaces for the solution space yields the conservation properties. Numerical examples confirm the theoretical properties of the method. C1 [Gerritsma, Marc] Delft Univ Technol, NL-2629 HS Delft, Netherlands. [Bochev, Pavel] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gerritsma, M (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Kluyverweg 1, NL-2629 HS Delft, Netherlands. EM M.I.Gerritsma@tudelft.nl; pbboche@sandia.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1439-7358 BN 978-3-319-19800-2; 978-3-319-19799-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMP SCI PY 2015 VL 106 BP 227 EP 235 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-19800-2_19 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BE1SB UT WOS:000368440400019 ER PT S AU Ghosh, D Constantinescu, EM AF Ghosh, Debojyoti Constantinescu, Emil M. BE Kirby, RM Berzins, M Hesthaven, JS TI Nonlinear Compact Finite-Difference Schemes with Semi-Implicit Time Stepping SO SPECTRAL AND HIGH ORDER METHODS FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS ICOSAHOM 2014 SE Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Spectral and High-Order Methods (ICOSAHOM) CY JUN 23-27, 2014 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP US Natl Sci Fdn, US Off Naval Res, US Air Force Off Sponsored Res, US Army Res Off, University Utah, SCI Inst ID ESSENTIALLY NONOSCILLATORY SCHEMES; RUNGE-KUTTA SCHEMES; EFFICIENT IMPLEMENTATION; EQUATIONS; FORMULATIONS; SIMULATION; SYSTEMS; FLOWS AB Atmospheric flows are characterized by a large range of length scales as well as strong gradients. The accurate simulation of such flows requires numerical algorithms with high spectral resolution, as well as the ability to provide nonoscillatory solutions across regions of high gradients. These flows exhibit a large range of time scales as well-the slowest waves propagate at the flow velocity and the fastest waves propagate at the speed of sound. Time integration with explicit methods are thus inefficient, although algorithms with semi-implicit time integration have been used successfully in past studies. We propose a finite-difference method for atmospheric flows that uses a weighted compact scheme for spatial discretization and implicit-explicit additive Runge-Kutta methods for time integration. We present results for a benchmark atmospheric flow problem and compare our results with existing ones in the literature. C1 [Ghosh, Debojyoti; Constantinescu, Emil M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ghosh, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ghosh@mcs.anl.gov; emconsta@mcs.anl.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1439-7358 BN 978-3-319-19800-2; 978-3-319-19799-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMP SCI PY 2015 VL 106 BP 237 EP 245 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-19800-2_20 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BE1SB UT WOS:000368440400020 ER PT S AU Kotov, DV Yee, HC Wray, AA Sjogreen, B AF Kotov, D. V. Yee, H. C. Wray, A. A. Sjoegreen, B. BE Kirby, RM Berzins, M Hesthaven, JS TI Numerical Dissipation Control in High Order Shock-Capturing Schemes for LES of Low Speed Flows SO SPECTRAL AND HIGH ORDER METHODS FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS ICOSAHOM 2014 SE Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Spectral and High-Order Methods (ICOSAHOM) CY JUN 23-27, 2014 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP US Natl Sci Fdn, US Off Naval Res, US Air Force Off Sponsored Res, US Army Res Off, University Utah, SCI Inst ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; TURBULENCE AB In Kotov et al. (Proceedings of ICCFD8, 2014) the LES of a turbulent flow with a strong shock by Yee and Sjogreen (Proceedings of ICOSAHOM 09, Trondheim, Norway, 2013) scheme indicated a good agreement with the filtered DNS data. There are vastly different requirements in the minimization of numerical dissipation for accurate turbulence simulations of different compressible flow types and flow speeds. The present study examines the versatility of the Yee and Sjgreen scheme for LES of low speed flows. Special attention is focused on the accuracy performance of this scheme using the Smagorinsky and the Germano-Lilly SGS models. C1 [Kotov, D. V.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Yee, H. C.; Wray, A. A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Sjoegreen, B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kotov, DV (reprint author), Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. EM dmitry.v.kotov@nasa.gov; helen.m.yee@nasa.gov; Alan.A.Wray@nasa.gov; sjogreen2@llnl.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1439-7358 BN 978-3-319-19800-2; 978-3-319-19799-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMP SCI PY 2015 VL 106 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-19800-2_25 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BE1SB UT WOS:000368440400025 ER PT S AU Sjogreen, B Petersson, NA AF Sjoegreen, Bjoern Petersson, N. Anders BE Kirby, RM Berzins, M Hesthaven, JS TI Summation by Parts Finite Difference Approximations for Seismic and Seismo-Acoustic Computations SO SPECTRAL AND HIGH ORDER METHODS FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS ICOSAHOM 2014 SE Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Spectral and High-Order Methods (ICOSAHOM) CY JUN 23-27, 2014 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP US Natl Sci Fdn, US Off Naval Res, US Air Force Off Sponsored Res, US Army Res Off, University Utah, SCI Inst AB We develop stable finite difference approximations for a multi-physics problem that couples elastic wave propagation in one domain to acoustic wave propagation in another domain. The approximation consists of one finite difference scheme in each domain together with discrete interface conditions that couple the two schemes. The finite difference approximations use summation-by-parts (SBP) operators, which lead to stability of the coupled problem. Furthermore, we develop a new way to enforce boundary conditions for SBP discretizations of first order problems. The new method, which uses ghost points to enforce the boundary conditions, is a flexible alternative to the more established projection and SAT methods. C1 [Sjoegreen, Bjoern; Petersson, N. Anders] LLNL, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sjogreen, B (reprint author), LLNL, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L-422, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM sjogreen2@llnl.gov; petersson1@llnl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1439-7358 BN 978-3-319-19800-2; 978-3-319-19799-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMP SCI PY 2015 VL 106 BP 455 EP 463 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-19800-2_42 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BE1SB UT WOS:000368440400042 ER PT S AU Ilgen, AG Criseenti, LJ Jun, YS Taillefert, M Kerisit, S Penn, RL AF Ilgen, Anastasia G. Criseenti, Louise J. Jun, Young-Shin Taillefert, Martial Kerisit, Sebastien Penn, R. Lee BE Levy, IJ Middlecamp, CH TI Sustainability: GEOC's Perspective SO TEACHING AND LEARNING ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sustain-Mix: Sustainabily across the Society / 248th American-Chemical-Society Meeting and Exposition CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Educ, San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Educ HO Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Educ ID GEOLOGIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION; SOLAR-CELLS; IMPACTS; CO2; PRECIPITATION; NANOPARTICLES; DISSOLUTION; ENVIRONMENT; MINERALS; WASTE AB At the 2014 spring national meeting of the American Chemical Society, the symposium Sustain-Mix: Sustainability Across the Society was convened by the Division of Chemical Education. Members of the executive board of the Division of Geochemistry prepared a presentation addressing sustainability from a geochemistry perspective. The group identified four grand challenges: 1) Understanding Earth-atmospheric processes, climate change and ocean acidification, 2) Understanding natural and anthropogenic impacts on water quality, 3) Sustainable mining for critical elements, and 4) Preventing soil degradation due to intensive agriculture. C1 [Ilgen, Anastasia G.; Criseenti, Louise J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Jun, Young-Shin] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Taillefert, Martial] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kerisit, Sebastien] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Penn, R. Lee] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Ilgen, AG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rleepenn@umn.edu NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-3104-7 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2015 VL 1205 BP 105 EP 117 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BE1OS UT WOS:000368305400009 ER PT J AU Yuan, Y Khare, Y Wang, X Parajuli, PB Kisekka, I Finsterle, S AF Yuan, Y. Khare, Y. Wang, X. Parajuli, P. B. Kisekka, I. Finsterle, S. TI HYDROLOGIC AND WATER QUALITY MODELS: SENSITIVITY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Hydrologic and water quality modeling; One-at-a-time; Parameters; Sensitivity analysis; Sensitivity measures; Sensitivity methods ID MIKE-SHE MODEL; SOIL HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; GLOBAL SENSITIVITY; SWAT MODEL; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSES; SIMULATION-MODELS; PARAMETER SENSITIVITY; DRAINMOD PREDICTIONS; GLUE METHODOLOGY; INPUT VARIABLES AB This article is part of a collection of articles that provides a comprehensive description of hydrologic and water quality (H/WQ) model calibration and validation concepts and processes. Sensitivity analysis (SA), which is often used to quantify the strength of relationships between model inputs and outputs, is an essential evaluation of any kind of modeling. SA is crucial in H/WQ models due to various aspects involved in H/WQ modeling processes, such as empiricism, spatiotemporal scales, and complexity, that require an assessment of parameters' influence on the model's prediction. This study synthesized SA applications for 25 H/WQ models in the special collection on model use, calibration, and validation published in 2012 and provides guidance on their future applications. Commonly used SA methods are summarized along with tools to implement them. While SA was not employed for all 25 models in the special collection, a wide range of SA methods (from partial derivatives to variance-based global methods) and sensitivity measures (from scatter plots to variance decomposition measures) were used in the literature. Some model parameters were found to be important in most sensitivity applications performed for the models; however, their relative importance varied from study to study, underscoring the necessity of SA for every new model application. Nevertheless, summarizing important model parameters can still serve as a starting point for model users. Since most studies concentrated on model parameters alone; future SA applications in H/WQ modeling should also consider other inputs (climate data, boundary conditions, etc.) and non-parametric aspects, such as features and processes considered in the model. C1 [Yuan, Y.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NERL ESD Landscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Khare, Y.] Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. [Wang, X.] Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX USA. [Parajuli, P. B.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Kisekka, I.] Kansas State Univ, Southwest Area Extens, Garden City, KS USA. [Finsterle, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yuan, Y (reprint author), POB 93478,944 East Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM yuan.yongping@epa.gov RI Finsterle, Stefan/A-8360-2009 OI Finsterle, Stefan/0000-0002-4446-9906 NR 161 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PY 2015 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1721 EP 1744 PG 24 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA DB2MC UT WOS:000368341900022 ER PT J AU Auld, J Mohammadian, A Oliveira, MS Wolf, J Bachman, W AF Auld, Joshua Mohammadian, AbolfazI (Kouros) Oliveira, Marcelo Simas Wolf, Jean Bachman, William TI Demographic Characterization of Anonymous Trace Travel Data SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB Research was undertaken to determine whether demographic characteristics of individual travelers could be derived from travel pattern information when no information about the individual was available. This question is relevant in the context of anonymously collected travel information, such as cell phone traces, when used for travel demand modeling. Determining the demographics of a traveler from such data could partially obviate the need for large-scale collection of travel survey data, depending on the purpose for which the data were to be used. This research complements methodologies used to identify activity stops, purposes, and mode types from raw trace data and presumes that such methods exist and are available. The paper documents the development of procedures for taking raw activity streams estimated from GPS trace data and converting these into activity travel pattern characteristics that are then combined with basic land use information and used to estimate various models of demographic characteristics. The work status, education level, age, and license possession of individuals and the presence of children in their households were all estimated successfully with substantial increases in performance versus null model expectations for both training and test data sets. The gender, household size, and number of vehicles proved more difficult to estimate, and performance was lower on the test data set; these aspects indicate overfitting in these models. Overall, the demographic models appear to have potential for characterizing anonymous data streams, which could extend the usability and applicability of such data sources to the travel demand context. C1 [Auld, Joshua] Argonne Natl Lab, Transportat Res & Anal Comp Ctr, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Mohammadian, AbolfazI (Kouros)] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Mat Engn, 842 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Bachman, William] Westat Corp, Suite 310,530 Means St,NW, Atlanta, GA 30318 USA. RP Auld, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Transportat Res & Anal Comp Ctr, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jauld@anl.gov FU NCHRP [08-89] FX This paper was based on work supported by NCHRP Project 08-89. The full project report is available as NCHRP Report 775: Applying GPS Data to Understand Travel Behavior. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 EI 2169-4052 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2015 IS 2526 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.3141/2526-03 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA DB5QY UT WOS:000368569900004 ER PT J AU Lu, W Liu, C Thomas, N Bhaduri, BL Han, LD AF Lu, Wei Liu, Cheng Thomas, Neil Bhaduri, Budhendra L. Han, Lee D. TI Global System for Transportation Simulation and Visualization in Emergency Evacuation Scenarios SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article ID MODEL; OPTIMIZATION; ASSIGNMENTS AB Simulation-based studies are frequently used for evacuation planning and decision making. Given the complexity of and data availability for transportation systems, most evacuation simulation models focus on certain geographic areas. With routine improvement of OpenStreetMap road networks and LandScan global population distribution data, this paper presents the Toolbox for Urban Mobility Simulations (TUMS). TUMS uses unified data structure for simulation inputs. The toolbox also integrates a supernode trip distribution model as the default simulation parameter to improve the system computational performance. Two levels of visualization tools, including link-based macroscopic visualization and vehicle-based microscopic visualization, are implemented for evacuation performance analysis. For left-hand and right-hand traffic patterns in different countries, the authors propose a mirror technique to experiment with both scenarios without significantly changing traffic simulation models. Sixteen cities in the United States, Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and Africa are modeled for demonstration. With default traffic simulation models for fast and easy-to-use evacuation estimation and visualization, TUMS also retains the capability of interactive operation for users to adopt customized traffic simulation models. For the first time, TUMS provides a unified platform with which global evacuation researchers can estimate and visualize the performance of transportation systems under evacuation scenarios. C1 [Lu, Wei; Liu, Cheng; Thomas, Neil; Bhaduri, Budhendra L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Geog Informat Sci & Technol Grp, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,MS-6017, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Han, Lee D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Lu, W (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Geog Informat Sci & Technol Grp, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,MS-6017, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM luw2@ornl.gov FU U.S. Department of Transportation FX The authors appreciate the use of the 2012 Land Scan population data set in this project, which is copyrighted by UT-Battelle, LLC, a partnership between the University of Tennessee and Battelle Memorial Institute. UT-Battelle manages and operates Oak Ridge National Laboratory under contract with the U.S. Department of Energy. Some of the research for this paper was conducted as part of the efforts of the Southeastern Transportation Center at the University of Tennessee. The primary sponsor for the Southeastern Transportation Center is the U.S. Department of Transportation. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 EI 2169-4052 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2015 IS 2529 BP 46 EP 55 DI 10.3141/2529-05 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA DB5LE UT WOS:000368554800006 ER PT S AU Haney, MW AF Haney, Michael W. GP IOP TI Can Integrated Micro-Optical Concentrator Technology Revolutionize Flat-Plate Photovoltaic Solar Energy Harvesting? SO 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO AND NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR POWER GENERATION AND ENERGY CONVERSION APPLICATIONS (POWERMEMS 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Micro and Nanotechnology for Power Generation and Energy Conversion Applications (PowerMEMS) CY DEC 01-04, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP Transducer Res Fdn, NE Univ, Massachusetts Inst Technol, Amer Elements, DJ DevCorp, Edwards Vacuum, Femtotools, Konishiyasu Co Ltd, MEMS Ind Grp, MEMS Journal Inc, MEMS & Nanotechnol Exchange, MiQro Innovat Collaborat Ctr, Multi Funct Integrated Syst Technol Ctr, Piezo Syst Inc, TECNISCO Ltd, Tousimis, ULVAC Technol AB The economies-of-scale and enhanced performance of integrated micro-technologies have repeatedly delivered disruptive market impact. Examples range from microelectronics to displays to lighting. However, integrated micro-scale technologies have yet to be applied in a transformational way to solar photovoltaic panels. The recently announced Micro-scale Optimized Solar-cell Arrays with Integrated Concentration (MOSAIC) program aims to create a new paradigm in solar photovoltaic panel technology based on the incorporation of micro-concentrating photo-voltaic (mu-CPV) cells. As depicted in Figure 1, MOSAIC will integrate arrays of micro-optical concentrating elements and micro-scale PV elements to achieve the same aggregated collection area and high conversion efficiency of a conventional (i.e., macro-scale) CPV approach, but with the low profile and mass, and hopefully cost, of a conventional non-concentrated PV panel. The reduced size and weight, and enhanced wiring complexity, of the MOSAIC approach provide the opportunity to access the high-performance/low-cost region between the conventional CPV and flat-plate (1-sun) PV domains shown in Figure 2. Accessing this portion of the graph in Figure 2 will expand the geographic and market reach of flat-plate PV. This talk reviews the motivation and goals for the MOSAIC program. The diversity of the technical approaches to micro-concentration, embedded solar tracking, and hybrid direct/diffuse solar resource collection found in the MOSAIC portfolio of projects will also be highlighted. C1 [Haney, Michael W.] US DOE, Adv Res Projects Agcy Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Haney, MW (reprint author), US DOE, Adv Res Projects Agcy Energy, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM Michael.Haney@hq.doe.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 660 AR 012014 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/660/1/012014 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BE1NT UT WOS:000368252900014 ER PT S AU Agnes, P Alexander, T Alton, A Arisaka, K Back, H Baldin, B Biery, K Bonfini, G Bossa, M Brigatti, A Brodsky, J Budano, F Cadonati, L Calaprice, F Canci, N Candela, A Cao, H Carielloll, M Cavalcante, P Chavarria, A Chepurnov, A Cocco, AG Crippa, L D'Angelo, D D'Incecco, M Davini, S De Deo, M Derbin, A Devoto, A Di Eusanio, F Di Pietro, G Edkins, E Emp, A Fan, A Fiorillo, G Fomenko, K Forster, G Franco, D Gabriele, F Galbiati, C Goretti, A Grandi, L Gromov, M Guan, MY Guardincerri, Y Hackett, B Herner, K Hungerford, E Ianni, A Ianni, A Jollet, C Keeter, K Kendziora, C Kidner, S Kobychev, V Koh, G Korablev, D Korga, G Kurlej, A Li, PX Loer, B Lombardi, P Love, C Ludhova, L Luitz, S Ma, YQ Machulin, I Mandaranol, A Maxim, S Maricic, J Marinith, L Martof, CJ Meregaglia, A Meroni, E Meyers, PD Milincic, R Montanari, D Montuschi, M Monzani, ME Mosteiro, P Mount, B Muratova, V Musicoll, P Nelson, A Odrowski, S Okounkova, M Orsini, M Ortica, F Paganill, L Pallavicinill, M Pantic, E Papp, L Parmeggiano, S Parsells, R Pelczar, K Pelliccia, N Perassol, S Pocar, A Pordes, S Pugachev, D Qian, H Randle, K Ranucci, G Razeto, A Reinhold, B Renshaw, A Romani, A Rossi, B Rossi, N Rountree, SD Sablone, D Saggese, P Saldanhal, R Sands, W Sangiorgio, S Segreto, E Semenov, D Shields, E Skorokhvatov, M Smirnov, O Sotnikov, A Stanford, C Suvorov, Y Tartaglia, R Tatarowicz, J Testerall, G Tonazzol, A Unzhakov, E Vogelaar, RB Wada, M Walker, S Wang, H Wang, Y Watson, A Westerdale, S Wojcik, M Wright, A Xiang, X Xu, J Yang, CG Yoo, J Zavatarellill, S Zec, A Zhu, C Zuze, G AF Agnes, P. Alexander, T. Alton, A. Arisaka, K. Back, H. Baldin, B. Biery, K. Bonfini, G. Bossa, M. Brigatti, A. Brodsky, J. Budano, F. Cadonati, L. Calaprice, F. Canci, N. Candela, A. Cao, H. Carielloll, M. Cavalcante, P. Chavarria, A. Chepurnov, A. Cocco, A. G. Crippa, L. D'Angelo, D. D'Incecco, M. Davini, S. De Deo, M. Derbin, A. Devoto, A. Di Eusanio, F. Di Pietro, G. Edkins, E. Emp, A. Fan, A. Fiorillo, G. Fomenko, K. Forster, G. Franco, D. Gabriele, F. Galbiati, C. Goretti, A. Grandi, L. Gromov, M. Guan, M. Y. Guardincerri, Y. Hackett, B. Herner, K. Hungerford, E. Ianni, Al Ianni, An Jollet, C. Keeter, K. Kendziora, C. Kidner, S. Kobychev, V. Koh, G. Korablev, D. Korga, G. Kurlej, A. Li, P. X. Loer, B. Lombardi, P. Love, C. Ludhova, L. Luitz, S. Ma, Y. Q. Machulin, I. Mandaranol, A. Maxim, S. Maricic, J. Marinith, L. Martof, C. J. Meregaglia, A. Meroni, E. Meyers, P. D. Milincic, R. Montanari, D. Montuschi, M. Monzani, M. E. Mosteiro, P. Mount, B. Muratova, V. Musicoll, P. Nelson, A. Odrowski, S. Okounkova, M. Orsini, M. Ortica, F. Paganill, L. Pallavicinill, M. Pantic, E. Papp, L. Parmeggiano, S. Parsells, R. Pelczar, K. Pelliccia, N. Perassol, S. Pocar, A. Pordes, S. Pugachev, D. Qian, H. Randle, K. Ranucci, G. Razeto, A. Reinhold, B. Renshaw, A. Romani, A. Rossi, B. Rossi, N. Rountree, S. D. Sablone, D. Saggese, P. Saldanhal, R. Sands, W. Sangiorgio, S. Segreto, E. Semenov, D. Shields, E. Skorokhvatov, M. Smirnov, O. Sotnikov, A. Stanford, C. Suvorov, Y. Tartaglia, R. Tatarowicz, J. Testerall, G. Tonazzol, A. Unzhakov, E. Vogelaar, R. B. Wada, M. Walker, S. Wang, H. Wang, Y. Watson, A. Westerdale, S. Wojcik, M. Wright, A. Xiang, X. Xu, J. Yang, C. G. Yoo, J. Zavatarellill, S. Zec, A. Zhu, C. Zuze, G. GP IOP TI Direct Search for Dark Matter with DarkSide SO 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LARGE TPCS FOR LOW-ENERGY RARE EVENT DETECTION SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Large TPCs for Low-Energy Rare Event Detection CY DEC 15-17, 2014 CL Paris Diderot Univ, Inst Astroparticle Phys Campus, Paris, FRANCE HO Paris Diderot Univ, Inst Astroparticle Phys Campus AB The DarkSide experiment is designed for the direct detection of Dark Matter with a double phase liquid Argon TPC operating underground at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. The TPC is placed inside a 30 tons liquid organic scintillator sphere, acting as a neutron veto, which is in turn installed inside a 1 kt water Cherenkov detector. The current detector is running since November 2013 with a 50 kg atmospheric Argon fill and we report here the first null results of a Dark Matter search for a (1422 +/- 67) kg.d exposure. This result correspond to a 90% CL upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon cross section of 6.1 x10(-44) cm(2) (for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV/c(2)) and it's currently the most sensitive limit obtained with an Argon target. C1 [Agnes, P.; Franco, D.; Perassol, S.; Tonazzol, A.] Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, APC, F-75205 Paris, France. [Alexander, T.; Cadonati, L.; Forster, G.; Kurlej, A.; Pocar, A.; Randle, K.; Zec, A.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst Ctr Fundamental Interact, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Alexander, T.; Cadonati, L.; Forster, G.; Kurlej, A.; Pocar, A.; Randle, K.; Zec, A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Alton, A.] Augustana Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Sioux Falls, SD 57197 USA. [Arisaka, K.; Pantic, E.; Renshaw, A.; Suvorov, Y.; Wang, H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Back, H.; Brodsky, J.; Calaprice, F.; Canci, N.; Cao, H.; Di Eusanio, F.; Galbiati, C.; Goretti, A.; Ianni, An; Koh, G.; Loer, B.; Meyers, P. D.; Mosteiro, P.; Nelson, A.; Okounkova, M.; Parsells, R.; Qian, H.; Rossi, B.; Sands, W.; Shields, E.; Stanford, C.; Wada, M.; Westerdale, S.; Wright, A.; Xiang, X.; Xu, J.; Zhu, C.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Baldin, B.; Biery, K.; Guardincerri, Y.; Herner, K.; Kendziora, C.; Montanari, D.; Pordes, S.; Yoo, J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Bonfini, G.; Candela, A.; Cavalcante, P.; D'Incecco, M.; De Deo, M.; Gabriele, F.; Ianni, Al; Montuschi, M.; Odrowski, S.; Orsini, M.; Razeto, A.; Rossi, N.; Saggese, P.; Segreto, E.; Tartaglia, R.] Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, I-67010 Assergi, AQ, Italy. [Bossa, M.] Gran Sasso Sci Inst, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Brigatti, A.; Crippa, L.; D'Angelo, D.; Di Pietro, G.; Lombardi, P.; Ludhova, L.; Meroni, E.; Parmeggiano, S.; Ranucci, G.] Univ Milan, Dept Phys, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Brigatti, A.; Crippa, L.; D'Angelo, D.; Di Pietro, G.; Lombardi, P.; Ludhova, L.; Meroni, E.; Parmeggiano, S.; Ranucci, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Budano, F.; Mandaranol, A.; Maxim, S.; Marinith, L.] Univ Rome Tre, Dept Phys, I-00146 Rome, Italy. [Budano, F.; Mandaranol, A.; Maxim, S.; Marinith, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00146 Rome, Italy. [Carielloll, M.; Musicoll, P.; Paganill, L.; Pallavicinill, M.; Testerall, G.; Zavatarellill, S.] Univ Genoa, Dept Phys, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Carielloll, M.; Musicoll, P.; Paganill, L.; Pallavicinill, M.; Testerall, G.; Zavatarellill, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Chavarria, A.; Grandi, L.; Saldanhal, R.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Kavli Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Chavarria, A.; Grandi, L.; Saldanhal, R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Chepurnov, A.; Gromov, M.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Cocco, A. G.; Fan, A.; Fiorillo, G.; Rossi, B.; Walker, S.] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Phys, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [Cocco, A. G.; Fan, A.; Fiorillo, G.; Rossi, B.; Walker, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [Davini, S.; Emp, A.; Hungerford, E.; Korga, G.; Sablone, D.] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Derbin, A.; Muratova, V.; Semenov, D.; Unzhakov, E.] St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. [Devoto, A.] Univ Cagliari, Dept Phys, I-09042 Cagliari, Italy. [Devoto, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-09042 Cagliari, Italy. [Edkins, E.; Hackett, B.; Maricic, J.; Milincic, R.; Reinhold, B.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Fomenko, K.; Korablev, D.; Smirnov, O.; Sotnikov, A.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Guan, M. Y.; Li, P. X.; Ma, Y. Q.; Wang, Y.; Yang, C. G.] Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Jollet, C.; Meregaglia, A.] Univ Strasbourg, IPHC, CNRS, IN2P3, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. [Keeter, K.; Mount, B.] Black Hills State Univ, Sch Nat Sci, Spearfish, SD 57799 USA. [Kidner, S.; Papp, L.; Rountree, S. D.; Vogelaar, R. B.] Virginia Tech, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kobychev, V.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Nucl Res, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. [Love, C.; Luitz, S.; Martof, C. J.; Tatarowicz, J.; Watson, A.] Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Monzani, M. E.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Machulin, I.; Pugachev, D.; Skorokhvatov, M.] Natl Res Ctr, Kurchatov Inst, Moscow 123182, Russia. [Machulin, I.; Skorokhvatov, M.] Natl Res Nucl Univ MEPhI, Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Ortica, F.; Pelliccia, N.; Romani, A.] Univ Perugia, Chem Biol & Biotechnol Dept, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Ortica, F.; Pelliccia, N.; Romani, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Pantic, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pelczar, K.; Wojcik, M.; Zuze, G.] Jagiellonian Univ, Smoluchowski Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Sangiorgio, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Agnes, P (reprint author), Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, APC, F-75205 Paris, France. EM pagnes@in2p3.fr RI Ortica, Fausto/C-1001-2013; Romani, Aldo/G-8103-2012; Fiorillo, Giuliana/A-2248-2012; Machulin, Igor/R-9711-2016; Skorokhvatov, Mikhail/R-9735-2016; Canci, Nicola/E-7498-2017; Ranucci, Gioacchino/O-2200-2015; OI Wang, Yi/0000-0002-7351-6978; Ortica, Fausto/0000-0001-8276-452X; Romani, Aldo/0000-0002-7338-0097; Fiorillo, Giuliana/0000-0002-6916-6776; Canci, Nicola/0000-0002-4797-4297; Ranucci, Gioacchino/0000-0002-3591-8191; Franco, Davide/0000-0001-5604-2531; Unzhakov, Evgeniy/0000-0003-2952-6412; Rossi, Nicola/0000-0002-7046-528X NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 650 AR 012006 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/650/1/012006 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BE1MS UT WOS:000368140400006 ER PT S AU Garza, JG Aune, S Aznar, F Calvet, D Castel, JF Christensen, FE Dafni, T Davenport, M Decker, T Ferrer-Ribas, E Galan, J Garcia, JA Giomataris, I Hill, RM Iguaz, FJ Irastorza, IG Jakobsen, AC Jourde, D Mirallas, H Ortega, I Papaevangelou, T Pivovaroff, MJ Ruz, J Tomas, A Vafeiadis, T Vogel, JK AF Garza, J. G. Aune, S. Aznar, F. Calvet, D. Castel, J. F. Christensen, F. E. Dafni, T. Davenport, M. Decker, T. Ferrer-Ribas, E. Galan, J. Garcia, J. A. Giomataris, I. Hill, R. M. Iguaz, F. J. Irastorza, I. G. Jakobsen, A. C. Jourde, D. Mirallas, H. Ortega, I. Papaevangelou, T. Pivovaroff, M. J. Ruz, J. Tomas, A. Vafeiadis, T. Vogel, J. K. GP IOP TI Low Background Micromegas in CAST SO 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LARGE TPCS FOR LOW-ENERGY RARE EVENT DETECTION SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Large TPCs for Low-Energy Rare Event Detection CY DEC 15-17, 2014 CL Paris Diderot Univ, Inst Astroparticle Phys Campus, Paris, FRANCE HO Paris Diderot Univ, Inst Astroparticle Phys Campus ID TELESCOPE; AXION AB Solar axions could be converted into x-rays inside the strong magnetic field of an axion helioscope, triggering the detection of this elusive particle. Low background x-ray detectors are an essential component for the sensitivity of these searches. We report on the latest developments of the Micromegas detectors for the CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST), including technological pathfinder activities for the future International Axion Observatory (IAX0). The use of low background techniques and the application of discrimination algorithms based on the high granularity of the readout have led to background levels below 10(-6) counts/keV/cm(2)/s, more than a factor 100 lower than the first generation of Micromegas detectors. The best levels achieved at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC) are as low as 10(-7) counts/keV/cm(2)/s, showing good prospects for the application of this technology in IAXO. The current background model, based on underground and surface measurements, is presented, as well as the strategies to further reduce the background level. Finally, we will describe the R&D paths to achieve sub-keV energy thresholds, which could broaden the physics case of axion helioscopes. C1 [Garza, J. G.; Aznar, F.; Castel, J. F.; Dafni, T.; Garcia, J. A.; Iguaz, F. J.; Irastorza, I. G.; Mirallas, H.; Ortega, I.; Tomas, A.] Univ Zaragoza, Grp Fis Nucl & Astroparticulas, Zaragoza, Spain. [Aune, S.; Calvet, D.; Ferrer-Ribas, E.; Galan, J.; Giomataris, I.; Jourde, D.; Papaevangelou, T.] CEA, Ctr Saclay, Irfu, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Decker, T.; Hill, R. M.; Pivovaroff, M. J.; Ruz, J.; Vogel, J. K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Christensen, F. E.; Jakobsen, A. C.] Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Space, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Davenport, M.; Vafeiadis, T.] CERN, European Org Particle Phys & Nucl Res, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Garza, JG (reprint author), Univ Zaragoza, Grp Fis Nucl & Astroparticulas, Zaragoza, Spain. EM jgraciag@unizar.es RI Gracia Garza, Javier/F-5713-2016; Irastorza, Igor/B-2085-2012; Galan, Javier/F-7986-2016; Papaevangelou, Thomas/G-2482-2016; Aznar, Francisco/K-7807-2014; Dafni, Theopisti/J-9646-2012; OI Gracia Garza, Javier/0000-0003-0800-1588; Irastorza, Igor/0000-0003-1163-1687; Galan, Javier/0000-0001-7529-9834; Papaevangelou, Thomas/0000-0003-2829-9158; Aznar, Francisco/0000-0003-3629-0540; Dafni, Theopisti/0000-0002-8921-910X; Clemen Jakobsen, Anders/0000-0002-0206-4855 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 650 AR 012008 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/650/1/012008 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BE1MS UT WOS:000368140400008 ER PT S AU Nakajima, Y Goldschmidt, A Long, M Nygren, D Oliveira, C Renner, J AF Nakajima, Y. Goldschmidt, A. Long, M. Nygren, D. Oliveira, C. Renner, J. GP IOP TI Micro-physics simulations of columnar recombination along nuclear recoil tracks in high-pressure Xe gas for directional dark matter searches SO 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LARGE TPCS FOR LOW-ENERGY RARE EVENT DETECTION SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Large TPCs for Low-Energy Rare Event Detection CY DEC 15-17, 2014 CL Paris Diderot Univ, Inst Astroparticle Phys Campus, Paris, FRANCE HO Paris Diderot Univ, Inst Astroparticle Phys Campus AB Directional sensitivity is one of the most important aspects of WIMP dark matter searches. Yet, making the direction of nuclear recoil visible with large target masses is a challenge. To achieve this, we are exploring a new method of detecting directions of short nuclear recoil tracks in high-pressure Xe gas, down to a few micron long, by utilizing columnar recombination. Columnar recombination changes the scintillation and ionization yields depending on the angle between a track and the electric field direction. In order to realize this, efficient cooling of electrons is essential. Trimethylamine(TMA) is one of the candidate additives to gaseous Xe in order to enhance the effect, not only by efficiently cooling the electrons, but also by increasing the amount of columnar recombination by Penning transfer. We performed a detailed simulation of ionization electrons transport created by nuclear recoils in a Xe TMA gas mixture, and evaluated the size of the columnar recombination signal. The results show that the directionality signal can be obtained for a track longer than a few,u,m in some ideal cases. Although more studies with realistic assumptions are still needed in order to assess feasibility of this technique, this potentially opens a new possibility for dark matter searches. C1 [Nakajima, Y.; Goldschmidt, A.; Long, M.; Nygren, D.; Oliveira, C.; Renner, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nakajima, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM YNakajima@lbl.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 650 AR 012003 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/650/1/012003 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BE1MS UT WOS:000368140400003 ER PT S AU Nakajima, Y Goldschmidt, A Matis, HS Nygren, D Oliveira, C Renner, J AF Nakajima, Y. Goldschmidt, A. Matis, H. S. Nygren, D. Oliveira, C. Renner, J. GP IOP TI Measurement of scintillation and ionization yield with high-pressure gaseous mixtures of Xe and TMA for improved neutrinoless double beta decay and dark matter searches SO 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LARGE TPCS FOR LOW-ENERGY RARE EVENT DETECTION SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Large TPCs for Low-Energy Rare Event Detection CY DEC 15-17, 2014 CL Paris Diderot Univ, Inst Astroparticle Phys Campus, Paris, FRANCE HO Paris Diderot Univ, Inst Astroparticle Phys Campus AB Liquid Xe TPCs are among the most popular choices for double beta decay and WIMP dark matter searches. Gaseous Xe has intrinsic advantages when compared to Liquid Xe, specifically, tracking capability and better energy resolution for double beta decay searches. The performance of gaseous Xe can be further improved by molecular additives such as trimethylamine(TMA), which are expected to (1) cool down the ionization electrons, (2) convert Xe excitation energy to TMA ionizations through Penning transfer, and (3) produce scintillation and electroluminescence light in a more easily detectable wavelength (300 nm). These features may provide better tracking and energy resolution for double-beta decay searches. They are also expected to enhance columnar recombination for nuclear recoils, which can be used for searches for WIMP dark matter with directional sensitivity. We constructed a test ionization chamber and successfully measured scintillation and ionization yields at high precision with various Xe and TMA mixtures and pressures. We observed the Penning effect and an increase in recombination with the addition of TMA. However, many undesired features for dark matter searches, such as strong suppression of the scintillation light and no sign of recombination light, were also found. This work has been carried out within the context of the NEXT collaboration. C1 [Nakajima, Y.; Goldschmidt, A.; Matis, H. S.; Nygren, D.; Oliveira, C.; Renner, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nakajima, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM YNakajima@lbl.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 650 AR 012012 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/650/1/012012 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BE1MS UT WOS:000368140400012 ER PT S AU Finnemore, DK Marzik, JV AF Finnemore, D. K. Marzik, J. V. BE Balachandran, U Cooley, L Hartwig, KT Hellstrom, E Kiss, T DAntonio, A Lee, P Prikhna, T Stautner, W Sumption, M Walsh, R TI Synthesis of nanoscale magnesium diboride powder SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING - MATERIALS: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE (ICMC) 2015 SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson ID MGB2 AB A procedure has been developed for the preparation of small grained magnesium diboride (MgB2) powder by reacting nanometer size boron powder in a magnesium vapor. Plasma synthesized boron powder that had particle sizes ranging from 20 to 300nm was mixed with millimeter size chunks of Mg by rolling stoichiometric amounts of the powders in a sealed cylindrical container under nitrogen gas. This mixture then was placed in a niobium reaction vessel, evacuated, and sealed by e-beam welding. The vessel was typically heated to approximately 830 degrees C for several hours. The resulting MgB2 particles have a grain size in the 200 nm to 800 nm range. Agglomerates of loosely bound particles could be broken up by light grinding in a mortar and pestle. At 830 degrees C, many particles are composed of several grains grown together so that the average particle size is about twice the average grain size. Experiments were conducted primarily with undoped boron powder, but carbon-doped boron powder showed very similar results. C1 [Finnemore, D. K.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Finnemore, D. K.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Marzik, J. V.] Specialty Mat Inc, Lowell, MA USA. RP Finnemore, DK (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM finnemor@ameslab.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 102 AR 012029 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/102/1/012029 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1IU UT WOS:000368007500029 ER PT S AU Li, P Ye, L Jiang, J Shen, T AF Li, P. Ye, L. Jiang, J. Shen, T. BE Balachandran, U Cooley, L Hartwig, KT Hellstrom, E Kiss, T DAntonio, A Lee, P Prikhna, T Stautner, W Sumption, M Walsh, R TI RRR and thermal conductivity of Ag and Ag-0.2 wt.% Mg alloy in Ag/Bi-2212 wires SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING - MATERIALS: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE (ICMC) 2015 SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Air Liquide, Cryomech Inc, Demaco, IEEE Council Superconductiv, Linde, TechSource, Visit Tucson AB Residual resistivity ratio (RRR) and thermal conductivity of metal matrix in metal/superconductor composite wires are important parameters for designing superconducting magnets. However, the resistivity of silver in reacted Ag/Bi-2212 wires has yet to be determined over temperature range from 4.2 K to 80 K because Bi-2212 filaments have a critical transition temperature T-c of similar to 80 K, and because it is unknown whether the RRR of Ag/Bi-2212 degrades with Cu diffusing from Bi-2212 filaments into silver sheathes at elevated temperatures and to what degree it varies with heat treatment. We measured the resistivity of stand-alone Ag and AgMg (Ag-0.2 wt.% Mg) wires as well as the resistivity of Ag and Ag-0.2 wt.% Mg in Ag/Bi-2212 round wires reacted in 1 bar oxygen at 890 degrees C for 1, 8, 24 and 48 hours and quickly cooled to room temperature. The heat treatment was designed to reduce the critical current I-c of Bi-2212 wires to nearly zero while allowing Cu loss to fully manifest itself. We determined that pure silver exhibits a RRR of similar to 220 while the oxide-dispersion strengthened Ag-Mg exhibits a RRR of similar to 5 in stand-alone samples. A surprising result is that the RRR of silver in the composite round wires doesn't degrade with extended time at 890 degrees C for up to 48 hours. This surprising result may be explained by our observation that the Cu that diffuses into silver tends to form Cu2O precipitates in oxidizing atmosphere, instead of forming Ag-Cu solution alloy. We also measured the thermal conductivity and the magneto-resistivity of pure Ag and Ag-0.2 wt. % Mg from 4.2 K to 300 K in magnetic fields up to 14.8 T and summarized them using a Kohler plot. C1 [Li, P.; Ye, L.; Shen, T.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Magnet Syst Dept, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Ye, L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Jiang, J.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Shen, T (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Magnet Syst Dept, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM tshen@fnal.gov RI Jiang, Jianyi/F-2549-2017 OI Jiang, Jianyi/0000-0002-1094-2013 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2015 VL 102 AR 012027 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/102/1/012027 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BE1IU UT WOS:000368007500027 ER PT S AU Curty, M Tamaki, K Xu, FH Mizutani, A Lim, CCW Qi, B Lo, HK AF Curty, Marcos Tamaki, Kiyoshi Xu, Feihu Mizutani, Akihiro Lim, Charles Ci Wen Qi, Bing Lo, Hoi-Kwong BE Huckridge, DA Ebert, R Gruneisen, MT Dusek, M Rarity, JG TI Bridging the gap between theory and practice in quantum cryptography SO ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND INFRARED SYSTEMS: TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XII; AND QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems - Technology and Applications XII and Quantum Information Science and Technology CY SEP 22-23, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE quantum cryptography; quantum key distribution; measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution; loss-tolerant quantum key distribution; quantum communication; side-channel attacks; source flaws ID TAILORED BRIGHT ILLUMINATION; FINITE-KEY ANALYSIS; UNCONDITIONAL SECURITY; BLINDING ATTACK; QKD; PROTOCOL; SYSTEMS; DEVICES AB Quantum key distribution (QKD) needs to close the big gap between theory and practice to be a suitable technology for achieving information-theoretic secure communications. Indeed, recent studies on side-channel attacks have exposed the vulnerabilities of QKD implementations against an eavesdropper who may try to attack both the source and the measurement device. Here, we review two potential approaches that, combined, could bring this goal closer: measurement-device-independent QKD and the loss-tolerant QKD protocol. The former removes all possible side-channels from the measurement apparatus and guarantees a high performance over long distances. The latter appears as a robust solution against typical source flaws and it offers similar key rates as those of standard QKD systems. Most importantly, the feasibility of both solutions has already been demonstrated in several lab and field-test experiments. C1 [Curty, Marcos] Univ Vigo, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, Escuela Ingn Telecomunicac, E-36310 Vigo, Spain. [Tamaki, Kiyoshi] NTT Corp, NTT Basic Res Labs, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. [Xu, Feihu] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Mizutani, Akihiro] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5608531, Japan. [Lim, Charles Ci Wen; Qi, Bing] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Quantum Informat Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lo, Hoi-Kwong] Univ Toronto, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum Control, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada. [Lo, Hoi-Kwong] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada. RP Curty, M (reprint author), Univ Vigo, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, Escuela Ingn Telecomunicac, E-36310 Vigo, Spain. EM mcurty@com.uvigo.es RI Qi, Bing/J-5028-2014 OI Qi, Bing/0000-0001-7723-8998 NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-858-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9648 AR 96480X DI 10.1117/12.2199415 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE1IX UT WOS:000368009700024 ER PT J AU Guyader, A Hengartner, N Jegou, N Matzner-Lober, E AF Guyader, Arnaud Hengartner, Nick Jegou, Nicolas Matzner-Lober, Eric TI ITERATIVE ISOTONIC REGRESSION SO ESAIM-PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Nonparametric statistics; isotonic regression; additive models; metric projection onto convex cones ID NONPARAMETRIC REGRESSION; ASYMPTOTIC PROPERTIES; PROJECTION ALGORITHM; CONSISTENCY; ESTIMATORS; MODELS AB This article explores some theoretical aspects of a recent nonparametric method for estimating a univariate regression function of bounded variation. The method exploits the Jordan decomposition which states that a function of bounded variation can be decomposed as the sum of a non-decreasing function and a non-increasing function. This suggests combining the backfitting algorithm for estimating additive functions with isotonic regression for estimating monotone functions. The resulting iterative algorithm is called Iterative Isotonic Regression (I.I.R.). The main result in this paper states that the estimator is consistent if the number of iterations k(n) grows appropriately with the sample size n. The proof requires two auxiliary results that are of interest in and by themselves: firstly, we generalize the well-known consistency property of isotonic regression to the framework of a non-monotone regression function, and secondly, we relate the backfitting algorithm to von Neumann's algorithm in convex analysis. We also analyse how the algorithm can be stopped in practice using a data-splitting procedure. C1 [Guyader, Arnaud] Univ Rennes 2, INRIA, F-35043 Rennes, France. [Guyader, Arnaud] IRMAR, F-35043 Rennes, France. [Hengartner, Nick] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Jegou, Nicolas; Matzner-Lober, Eric] Univ Rennes 2, F-35043 Rennes, France. RP Guyader, A (reprint author), Univ Rennes 2, INRIA, Campus Villejean, F-35043 Rennes, France. EM arnaud.guyader@uhb.fr; nickh@lanl.gov; nicolas.jegou@uhb.fr; eml@uhb.fr NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1292-8100 J9 ESAIM-PROBAB STAT JI ESAIM-Prob. Stat. PY 2015 VL 19 BP 1 EP 23 DI 10.1051/ps/2014012 PG 23 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA DB0SU UT WOS:000368218600001 ER PT J AU Yang, XH Leebens-Mack, J Chen, F Yin, YB AF Yang, Xiaohan Leebens-Mack, Jim Chen, Feng Yin, Yanbin TI Plant Comparative and Functional Genomics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENOMICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Yang, Xiaohan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Leebens-Mack, Jim] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Chen, Feng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Yin, Yanbin] Univ Illinois, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Yang, XH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM yangx@ornl.gov RI Yang, Xiaohan/A-6975-2011 OI Yang, Xiaohan/0000-0001-5207-4210 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 2314-436X EI 2314-4378 J9 INT J GENOMICS JI Int. J. Genomics PY 2015 AR 924369 DI 10.1155/2015/924369 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA DA6PO UT WOS:000367927600001 ER PT S AU Brener, I Campione, S Marquier, F AF Brener, Igal Campione, Salvatore Marquier, Francois BE Engheta, N Noginov, MA Zheludev, NI TI Metasurfaces and epsilon-near-zero modes in semiconductors SO METAMATERIALS, METADEVICES, AND METASYSTEMS 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on Metamaterials, Metadevices, and Metasystems CY AUG 09-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE C1 [Brener, Igal; Campione, Salvatore] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Marquier, Francois] Inst Opt, Paris, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-710-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9544 AR 95442F DI 10.1117/12.2190299 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BE1IY UT WOS:000368010300066 ER PT S AU Caldwell, JD Lindsey, L Giannini, V Vurgaftman, I Reinecke, TL Maier, SA Glembocki, OJ AF Caldwell, Joshua D. Lindsey, Lucas Giannini, Vincenzo Vurgaftman, Igor Reinecke, Thomas L. Maier, Stefan A. Glembocki, Orest J. BE Engheta, N Noginov, MA Zheludev, NI TI Towards low-loss, infrared and THz nanophotonics and metamaterials: surface phonon polariton modes in polar dielectric crystals SO METAMATERIALS, METADEVICES, AND METASYSTEMS 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on Metamaterials, Metadevices, and Metasystems CY AUG 09-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE C1 [Caldwell, Joshua D.; Vurgaftman, Igor; Reinecke, Thomas L.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Lindsey, Lucas; Glembocki, Orest J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Giannini, Vincenzo; Maier, Stefan A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-710-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9544 AR 954412 DI 10.1117/12.2187019 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BE1IY UT WOS:000368010300027 ER PT S AU Zucali, M Barberini, V Voltolini, M Ouladdiaf, B Chateigner, D Mancini, L Lutterotti, L AF Zucali, Michele Barberini, Valentina Voltolini, Marco Ouladdiaf, Bachir Chateigner, Daniel Mancini, Lucia Lutterotti, Luca BE Faulkner, DR Mariani, E Mecklenburgh, J TI Quantitative 3D microstructural analysis of naturally deformed amphibolite from the Southern Alps (Italy): microstructures, CPO and seismic anisotropy from a fossil extensional margin SO ROCK DEFORMATION FROM FIELD, EXPERIMENTS AND THEORY: A VOLUME IN HONOUR OF ERNIE RUTTER SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Rock Deformation from Field, Experiments and Theory in Honour of Ernie Rutter CY MAY 30-31, 2012 CL Geol Soc London, London, ENGLAND HO Geol Soc London ID IVREA-VERBANO ZONE; LOWER CONTINENTAL-CRUST; LATTICE-PREFERRED ORIENTATION; DIFFRACTION TEXTURE ANALYSIS; TECTONO-METAMORPHIC UNITS; X-RAY MICROTOMOGRAPHY; LARGE MAFIC INTRUSION; WESTERN ALPS; UPPER-MANTLE; COMPRESSIONAL WAVES AB The anisotropy of a rock is intimately related to the development of shape-preferred orientations (SPOs) and crystallographic-preferred orientations (CPOs). Quantifying the three-dimensional (3D) CPOs and SPOs in natural rocks is therefore critical for understanding the processes underlying the development of anisotropy. In this work, we present a CPO study of six amphibolite samples from the western Southern Alps (Italy) that have been characterized previously. Quantitative texture analyses using neutron diffraction data provided 3D CPOs for amphibole and plagioclase and were used to calculate seismic properties. We describe the relations between mesoscopic foliation and lineation, crystallographic fabrics and seismic anisotropies for lower-middle crust amphibolites. Based on these relations and in the context of lower-middle crust within fossil extensional margin, we suggest that seismic profiles should display large-scale geological features commonly present in extensional tectonics, such as folds and shear zones, rather than flat-lying structures. Moreover, from the integration of CPOs with geological data, we observe that samples from the Strona Ceneri boundary are characterized by a granulite to amphibolite facies transition while those from the Scisti dei Laghi only record the amphibolite facies evolution, supporting the idea of two independent tectono-metamorphic units pre-dating the amphibolite re-equilibration. C1 [Zucali, Michele] Univ Milan, DST Dipartimento Sci Terra A Desio, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Barberini, Valentina] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Sci Ambiente & Terr & Sci Terra, I-20126 Milan, Italy. [Voltolini, Marco] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ouladdiaf, Bachir] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Chateigner, Daniel; Lutterotti, Luca] Univ Caen Basse Normandie, CRISMAT ENSICAEN, F-14050 Caen, France. [Chateigner, Daniel; Lutterotti, Luca] Univ Caen Basse Normandie, IUT Caen, F-14050 Caen, France. [Mancini, Lucia] Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34149 Trieste, Italy. RP Zucali, M (reprint author), Univ Milan, DST Dipartimento Sci Terra A Desio, Via Mangiagalli 34, I-20133 Milan, Italy. EM Michele.Zucali@unimi.it RI Voltolini, Marco/G-2781-2015; OI Mancini, Lucia/0000-0003-2416-3464; Chateigner, Daniel/0000-0001-7792-8702 NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-688-3 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2015 VL 409 BP 201 EP 222 DI 10.1144/SP409.5 PG 22 WC Geology SC Geology GA BE1IS UT WOS:000367998600012 ER PT J AU Hamerly, T Tripet, B Wurch, L Hettich, RL Podar, M Bothner, B Copie, V AF Hamerly, Timothy Tripet, Brian Wurch, Louie Hettich, Robert L. Podar, Mircea Bothner, Brian Copie, Valerie TI Characterization of Fatty Acids in Crenarchaeota by GC-MS and NMR SO ARCHAEA-AN INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ARCHAEON SULFOLOBUS-SOLFATARICUS; IGNICOCCUS-HOSPITALIS; NANOARCHAEUM-EQUITANS; LIPID BIOSYNTHESIS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; METABOLISM; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; NUTRITION; EVOLUTION; OXIDATION AB Lipids composed of condensed isoprenyl units connected to glycerol backbones by ether linkages are a distinguishing feature of Archaea. Data suggesting that fatty acids with linear hydrocarbon chains are present in some Archaea have been available for decades. However, lack of genomic and biochemical evidence for the metabolic machinery required to synthesize and degrade fatty acids has left the field unclear on this potentially significant biochemical aspect. Because lipids are energy currency and cell signaling molecules, their presence in Archaea is significant for understanding archaeal biology. A recent large-scale bioinformatics analysis reignited the debate as to the importance of fatty acids in Archaea by presenting genetic evidence for the presence of enzymes required for anabolic and catabolic fatty acid metabolism across the archaeal domain. Here, we present direct biochemical evidence from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for the presence of fatty acids in two members of the Crenarchaeota, Sulfolobus solfataricus and Ignicoccus hospitalis. This is the first report providing biochemical data for the existence of fatty acids in these Crenarchaeota, opening new discussions on energy balance and the potential for the discovery of new thermostable enzymes for industry. C1 [Hamerly, Timothy; Tripet, Brian; Bothner, Brian; Copie, Valerie] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Wurch, Louie; Hettich, Robert L.; Podar, Mircea] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wurch, Louie; Podar, Mircea] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Bothner, Brian; Copie, Valerie] Montana State Univ, Thermal Biol Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Bothner, B (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM bbothner@chemistry.montana.edu; vcopie@chemistry.montana.edu RI Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016; OI Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X; Podar, Mircea/0000-0003-2776-0205 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-SC0006654]; National Science Foundation [MCB 1022481]; NIH Shared Instrumentation Grant (SIG [1S10-RR13878-01]; Murdock Charitable Trust; NIH of the CoBRE program [5P20RR02437]; [1S10-RR026659-01] FX This research was supported by a grant from the US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (DE-SC0006654), and the National Science Foundation MCB 1022481. The NMR experiments were recorded at Montana State University on a Bruker DRX600 solution NMR spectrometer, purchased in part with funds from the NIH Shared Instrumentation Grant (SIG) (Grant no. 1S10-RR13878-01) and recently upgraded to an AVANCE III console and cryogenically cooled TCI probe (Grant no. 1S10-RR026659-01). The mass spectrometry facility at MSU receives funding from the Murdock Charitable Trust and NIH 5P20RR02437 of the CoBRE program. The authors would like to thank LECO Corporation for their help in analyzing and identifying fatty acid samples. The authors thank Dr. Harald Huber (University of Regensburg, Germany) for providing a bioreactor sample of I. hospitalis-N. equitans used for initial methods development. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 8 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1472-3646 EI 1472-3654 J9 ARCHAEA JI Archaea PY 2015 AR 472726 DI 10.1155/2015/472726 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA DA6WO UT WOS:000367946600001 ER PT J AU Bhuvaneshwar, K Sulakhe, D Gauba, R Rodriguez, A Madduri, R Dave, U Lacinski, L Foster, I Gusev, Y Madhavan, S AF Bhuvaneshwar, Krithika Sulakhe, Dinanath Gauba, Robinder Rodriguez, Alex Madduri, Ravi Dave, Utpal Lacinski, Lukasz Foster, Ian Gusev, Yuriy Madhavan, Subha TI A case study for cloud based high throughput analysis of NGS data using the globus genomics system SO COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Next generation sequencing; Galaxy; Cloud computing; Translational research ID SEQUENCING DATA; RNA-SEQ; READ ALIGNMENT; GENERATION; GALAXY; QUANTIFICATION; FORMAT AB Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies produce massive amounts of data requiring a powerful computational infrastructure, high quality bioinformatics software, and skilled personnel to operate the tools. We present a case study of a practical solution to this data management and analysis challenge that simplifies terabyte scale data handling and provides advanced tools for NGS data analysis. These capabilities are implemented using the "Globus Genomics" system, which is an enhanced Galaxy workflow system made available as a service that offers users the capability to process and transfer data easily, reliably and quickly to address end-to-endNGS analysis requirements. The Globus Genomics system is built on Amazon's cloud computing infrastructure. The system takes advantage of elastic scaling of compute resources to run multiple workflows in parallel and it also helps meet the scale-out analysis needs of modern translational genomics research. (C) 2014 Bhuvaneshwar et al. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of the Research Network of Computational and Structural Biotechnology. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). C1 [Bhuvaneshwar, Krithika; Gauba, Robinder; Gusev, Yuriy; Madhavan, Subha] Georgetown Univ, Innovat Ctr Biomed Informat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Sulakhe, Dinanath; Rodriguez, Alex; Madduri, Ravi; Dave, Utpal; Lacinski, Lukasz; Foster, Ian] Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Sulakhe, Dinanath; Madduri, Ravi; Dave, Utpal; Lacinski, Lukasz; Foster, Ian] Globus Genom, Memphis, TN USA. RP Madhavan, S (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Innovat Ctr Biomed Informat, 2115 Wisconsin Ave NW,Suite 110, Washington, DC 20007 USA. EM sm696@georgetown.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [U54 CA149147]; NHGRI NIH HHS [U01 HG008390] NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2001-0370 J9 COMPUT STRUCT BIOTEC JI Comp. Struct. Biotechnol. J.. PY 2015 VL 13 BP 64 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.csbj.2014.11.001 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA DA4EJ UT WOS:000367752600009 PM 26925205 ER PT J AU Filippidou, S Junier, T Wunderlin, T Lo, CC Li, PE Chain, PS Junier, P AF Filippidou, Sevasti Junier, Thomas Wunderlin, Tina Lo, Chien-Chi Li, Po-E Chain, Patrick S. Junier, Pilar TI Under-detection of endospore-forming Firmicutes in metagenomic data SO COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Endospores; gpr; Metagenomics; Profile analysis; spo0A ID BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; SPORULATION GENES; READ ALIGNMENT; GUT MICROBIOME; MARKER GENES; BACTERIA; DIVERSITY; MICROORGANISMS; IDENTIFICATION AB Microbial diversity studies based on metagenomic sequencing have greatly enhanced our knowledge of the microbial world. However, one caveat is the fact that not all microorganisms are equally well detected, questioning the universality of this approach. Firmicutes are known to be a dominant bacterial group. Several Firmicutes species are endospore formers and this property makes them hardy in potentially harsh conditions, and thus likely to be present in a wide variety of environments, even as residents and not functional players. While metagenomic libraries can be expected to contain endospore formers, endospores are known to be resilient to many traditional methods of DNA isolation and thus potentially undetectable. In this study we evaluated the representation of endospore-forming Firmicutes in 73 published metagenomic datasets using two molecular markers unique to this bacterial group (spo0A and gpr). Both markers were notably absent in well-known habitats of Firmicutes such as soil, with spo0A found only in three mammalian gut microbiomes. A tailored DNA extraction method resulted in the detection of a large diversity of endospore-formers in amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA and spo0A genes. However, shotgun classification was still poor with only a minor fraction of the community assigned to Firmicutes. Thus, removing a specific bias in a molecular workflow improves detection in amplicon sequencing, but it was insufficient to overcome the limitations for detecting endospore-forming Firmicutes in whole-genome metagenomics. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of understanding the specific methodological biases that can contribute to improve the universality of metagenomic approaches. (C) 2015 Filippidou et al. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of the Research Network of Computational and Structural Biotechnology. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). C1 [Filippidou, Sevasti; Junier, Thomas; Wunderlin, Tina; Junier, Pilar] Univ Neuchatel, Inst Biol, Microbiol Lab, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. [Junier, Thomas] Swiss Inst Bioinformat, Vital IT Grp, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Lo, Chien-Chi; Li, Po-E; Chain, Patrick S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Junier, P (reprint author), Univ Neuchatel, Inst Biol, Microbiol Lab, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. EM sevasti.filippidou@unine.ch; thomas.junier@unine.ch; tina.wunderlin@mq.edu.au; chienchi@lanl.gov; po-e@lanl.gov; pchain@lanl.gov; pilar.junier@unine.ch OI Chain, Patrick/0000-0003-3949-3634 NR 64 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2001-0370 J9 COMPUT STRUCT BIOTEC JI Comp. Struct. Biotechnol. J.. PY 2015 VL 13 BP 299 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.csbj.2015.04.002 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA DA4EJ UT WOS:000367752600036 PM 25973144 ER PT S AU Xu, WN Malak, ST Plamper, FA Synatschke, CV Muller, AHE Heller, WT Melnichenko, YB Tsukruk, VV AF Xu, Weinan Malak, Sidney T. Plamper, Felix A. Synatschke, Christopher V. Mueller, Axel H. E. Heller, William T. Melnichenko, Yuri B. Tsukruk, Vladimir V. BE Bulavin, L Lebovka, N TI Structural Study of Star Polyelectrolytes and Their Porous Multilayer Assembly in Solution SO PHYSICS OF LIQUID MATTER: MODERN PROBLEMS SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Physics of Liquid Matter - Modern Problems (PLMMP) CY MAY 23-27, 2014 CL Kyiv, UKRAINE SP Taras Shevchenko Natl Univ Kyiv, Inst Safety Problems Nucl Power Plants & Bogolyubov, Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Theoret Phys ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; POLY(N,N-DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL METHACRYLATE); POLYMERS; MICROCAPSULES; COPOLYMER; SURFACES; SANS AB Star polyelectrolytes with responsive properties to external stimuli, such as pH, temperature and ionic condition, were utilized to fabricate layer-by-layer (LbL) microcapsules. The microstructure of star polyelectrolytes was first studied in semi-dilute solution by in situ small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). These measurements show that with the addition of salts, arms of strong cationic star polyelectrolytes will contract and the spatial ordering of the stars would be interrupted. SANS measurements were also performed on the microcapsules in order to study their internal structure and responsive properties in solution. The results show that with the increase of shell thickness, microcapsules undergo a change of fractal dimension. Microcapsules with thinner shell have a surface fractal structure with rough interface, while those with thicker shell generally have a mass fractal structure of 3D random network. With the change of surrounding environment (pH, temperature, or ionic condition), the morphology and permeability of microcapsules are changed concurrently, for example, with the addition of multivalent salt, there is a surface- to mass-fractal transition, with the correlation length decreasing by around 50 %. This study provides insight into the mechanism of the responsiveness of novel star polyelectrolytes and their assembled multilayer structures. C1 [Xu, Weinan; Malak, Sidney T.; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Plamper, Felix A.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys Chem, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. [Synatschke, Christopher V.; Mueller, Axel H. E.] Univ Bayreuth, Makromol Chem 2, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Synatschke, Christopher V.; Mueller, Axel H. E.] Univ Bayreuth, Bayreuther Zentrum Kolloide & Grenzflachen, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Mueller, Axel H. E.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Organ Chem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Heller, William T.; Melnichenko, Yuri B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Directorate, Biol & Soft Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA. RP Tsukruk, VV (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM vladimir@mse.gatech.edu RI Synatschke, Christopher/D-3461-2011; Plamper, Felix/E-9747-2012 OI Synatschke, Christopher/0000-0002-4259-6696; Plamper, Felix/0000-0002-0762-6095 NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 978-3-319-20875-6; 978-3-319-20874-9 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2015 VL 171 BP 299 EP 315 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20875-6_11 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Chemistry; Physics GA BE1EB UT WOS:000367781500011 ER PT S AU Chassin, DP Sun, YN Somani, A AF Chassin, David P. Sun, Yannan Somani, Abhishek BE Bui, TX Sprague, RH TI Optimization of Customer Subscription Rates to Electric Utility Tariffs SO 2015 48TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) CY JAN 05-08, 2015 CL Kauai, HI SP IEEE Comp Soc, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Univ Hawaii, Dept EE, Univ Hawaii, Informat Sci Program, ONR, AFOSR, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Syst Sci & Cybernet Soc, ACM, SIAM, IEEE Hawaii Sect, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE Grp Informat Theory, IEEE Grp Automat Control, ARO, Reg Med Program Hawaii, Univ Hawaii, Coll Business Adm, Nasdaq AB In 2006 a test of residential electricity pricing using multiple tariffs was performed using a mixture of fixed-prices, time-of-use prices and 5-minute real-time prices. Each tariff has advantages and disadvantages for both consumers and utilities. This paper examines a numerical optimization method to efficiently identify the optimal combination of customers to enroll under the available tariffs such that a utility can minimize the cost associated with both serving energy and the cost associated with the uncertainty of peak loads. C1 [Chassin, David P.; Sun, Yannan; Somani, Abhishek] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chassin, DP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM david.chassin@pnnl.gov; yannan.sun@pnnl.gov; abhishek.somani@pnnl.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-1-4799-7367-5 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2015 BP 2604 EP 2609 DI 10.1109/HICSS.2015.313 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BE0LK UT WOS:000366264102091 ER PT S AU Eto, JH AF Eto, Joseph H. BE Bui, TX Sprague, RH TI Introduction to the Monitoring, Control and Protection Minitrack, Electric Energy Track SO 2015 48TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) CY JAN 05-08, 2015 CL Kauai, HI SP IEEE Comp Soc, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Univ Hawaii, Dept EE, Univ Hawaii, Informat Sci Program, ONR, AFOSR, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Syst Sci & Cybernet Soc, ACM, SIAM, IEEE Hawaii Sect, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE Grp Informat Theory, IEEE Grp Automat Control, ARO, Reg Med Program Hawaii, Univ Hawaii, Coll Business Adm, Nasdaq C1 [Eto, Joseph H.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Eto, JH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JHEto@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-1-4799-7367-5 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2015 BP 2636 EP 2636 DI 10.1109/HICSS.2015.317 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BE0LK UT WOS:000366264102095 ER PT S AU Zhao, CH Chertkov, M Backhaus, S AF Zhao, Changhong Chertkov, Michael Backhaus, Scott BE Bui, TX Sprague, RH TI Optimal Sizing of Voltage Control Devices for Distribution Circuit with Intermittent Load SO 2015 48TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) CY JAN 05-08, 2015 CL Kauai, HI SP IEEE Comp Soc, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Univ Hawaii, Dept EE, Univ Hawaii, Informat Sci Program, ONR, AFOSR, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Syst Sci & Cybernet Soc, ACM, SIAM, IEEE Hawaii Sect, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE Grp Informat Theory, IEEE Grp Automat Control, ARO, Reg Med Program Hawaii, Univ Hawaii, Coll Business Adm, Nasdaq DE Distribution circuit; voltage control; device sizing ID OPTIMAL CAPACITOR PLACEMENT; DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; SHUNT CAPACITORS; DISTRIBUTION FEEDERS; GENETIC ALGORITHM; REACTIVE POWER; REGULATORS; COORDINATION; OPTIMIZATION; LOCATION AB We consider joint control of a switchable capacitor and a D-STATCOM for voltage regulation in a distribution circuit with intermittent load. The control problem is formulated as a two-timescale optimal power flow problem with chance constraints, which minimizes power loss while limiting the probability of voltage violations due to fast changes in load. The control problem forms the basis of an optimization problem which determines the sizes of the control devices by minimizing sum of the expected power loss cost and the capital cost. We develop computationally efficient heuristics to solve the optimal sizing problem and implement real-time control. Numerical experiments on a circuit with high-performance computing (HPC) load show that the proposed sizing and control schemes significantly improve the reliability of voltage regulation on the expense of only a moderate increase in cost. C1 [Zhao, Changhong] CALTECH, Dept Elect Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Chertkov, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Backhaus, Scott] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhao, CH (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Elect Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM czhao@caltech.edu; chertkov@lanl.gov; backhaus@lanl.gov RI Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015; OI Backhaus, Scott/0000-0002-0344-6791; Chertkov, Michael/0000-0002-6758-515X NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-1-4799-7367-5 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2015 BP 2680 EP 2689 DI 10.1109/HICSS.2015.323 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BE0LK UT WOS:000366264102101 ER PT S AU Dagle, J AF Dagle, Jeff BE Bui, TX Sprague, RH TI Resilient Networks Minitrack SO 2015 48TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) CY JAN 05-08, 2015 CL Kauai, HI SP IEEE Comp Soc, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Univ Hawaii, Dept EE, Univ Hawaii, Informat Sci Program, ONR, AFOSR, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Syst Sci & Cybernet Soc, ACM, SIAM, IEEE Hawaii Sect, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE Grp Informat Theory, IEEE Grp Automat Control, ARO, Reg Med Program Hawaii, Univ Hawaii, Coll Business Adm, Nasdaq C1 [Dagle, Jeff] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dagle, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-1-4799-7367-5 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2015 BP 2710 EP 2710 DI 10.1109/HICSS.2015.326 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BE0LK UT WOS:000366264102104 ER PT S AU Chertkov, M Fisher, M Backhaus, S Bent, R Misra, S AF Chertkov, Misha Fisher, Michael Backhaus, Scott Bent, Russell Misra, Sidhant BE Bui, TX Sprague, RH TI Pressure Fluctuations in Natural Gas Networks caused by Gas-Electric Coupling SO 2015 48TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) CY JAN 05-08, 2015 CL Kauai, HI SP IEEE Comp Soc, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Univ Hawaii, Dept EE, Univ Hawaii, Informat Sci Program, ONR, AFOSR, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Syst Sci & Cybernet Soc, ACM, SIAM, IEEE Hawaii Sect, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE Grp Informat Theory, IEEE Grp Automat Control, ARO, Reg Med Program Hawaii, Univ Hawaii, Coll Business Adm, Nasdaq DE Natural Gas Networks; Gas-Electric Coupling; Stochasticity; Reliability ID TRANSIENT FLOW; PIPELINES; SIMULATION; MODEL AB The development of hydraulic fracturing technology has dramatically increased the supply and lowered the cost of natural gas in the United States, driving an expansion of natural gas-fired generation capacity in several electrical interconnections. Gas-fired generators have the capability to ramp quickly and are often utilized by grid operators to balance intermittency caused by wind generation. The time-varying output of these generators results in time-varying natural gas consumption rates that impact the pressure and line-pack of the gas network. As gas system operators assume nearly constant gas consumption when estimating pipeline transfer capacity and for planning operations, such fluctuations are a source of risk to their system. Here, we develop a new method to assess this risk. We consider a model of gas networks with consumption modeled through two components: forecasted consumption and small spatio-temporarily varying consumption due to the gas-fired generators being used to balance wind. While the forecasted consumption is globally balanced over longer time scales, the fluctuating consumption causes pressure fluctuations in the gas system to grow diffusively in time with a diffusion rate sensitive to the steady but spatially-inhomogeneous forecasted distribution of mass flow. To motivate our approach, we analyze the effect of fluctuating gas consumption on a model of the Transco gas pipeline that extends from the Gulf of Mexico to the Northeast of the United States. C1 [Chertkov, Misha; Fisher, Michael] LANL, T 4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chertkov, Misha] LANL, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Fisher, Michael] Univ Michigan, EECS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Backhaus, Scott] LANL, MPA, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Bent, Russell] LANL, DSA 4, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Misra, Sidhant] MIT, EECS, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Chertkov, M (reprint author), LANL, T 4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chertkov@lanl.gov; fishermw@umich.edu; backhaus@lanl.gov; rbent@lanl.gov; sidhant@mit.edu RI Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015; OI Backhaus, Scott/0000-0002-0344-6791; Chertkov, Michael/0000-0002-6758-515X; Bent, Russell/0000-0002-7300-151X NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-1-4799-7367-5 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2015 BP 2738 EP 2747 DI 10.1109/HICSS.2015.330 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BE0LK UT WOS:000366264102108 ER PT S AU Goldrich, LB George, R Linger, R AF Goldrich, Luanne Burns George, Richard Linger, Rick BE Bui, TX Sprague, RH TI Introduction: Cybersecurity and Software Assurance Minitrack SO 2015 48TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) CY JAN 05-08, 2015 CL Kauai, HI SP IEEE Comp Soc, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Univ Hawaii, Dept EE, Univ Hawaii, Informat Sci Program, ONR, AFOSR, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Syst Sci & Cybernet Soc, ACM, SIAM, IEEE Hawaii Sect, IEEE Control Syst Soc, IEEE Grp Informat Theory, IEEE Grp Automat Control, ARO, Reg Med Program Hawaii, Univ Hawaii, Coll Business Adm, Nasdaq C1 [Goldrich, Luanne Burns; George, Richard] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Linger, Rick] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Cyberspace Sci & Informat Intelligence, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Goldrich, LB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM luanne.burns@jhuapl.edu; lingerr@ornl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-1-4799-7367-5 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2015 BP 5164 EP 5164 DI 10.1109/HICSS.2015.647 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BE0LK UT WOS:000366264105035 ER PT S AU Cui, F Rhee, M Singh, A Tripathi, A AF Cui, Francis Rhee, Minsoung Singh, Anup Tripathi, Anubhav BE Yarmush, ML TI Microfluidic Sample Preparation for Medical Diagnostics SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, VOL 17 SE Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE sample preparation; microfluidics; molecular diagnostics ID BLOOD-PLASMA SEPARATION; ON-A-CHIP; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; OF-CARE APPLICATIONS; MICROBEAD PLUG DMBP; HUMAN WHOLE-BLOOD; SURFACE-TENSION; RNA EXTRACTION; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; DIGITAL MICROFLUIDICS AB Fast and reliable diagnoses are invaluable in clinical care. Samples (e.g., blood, urine, and saliva) are collected and analyzed for various biomarkers to quickly and sensitively assess disease progression, monitor response to treatment, and determine a patient's prognosis. Processing conventional samples entails many manual time-consuming steps. Consequently, clinical specimens must be processed by skilled technicians before antigens or nucleic acids are detected, and these are often present at dilute concentrations. Recently, several automated microchip technologies have been developed that potentially offer many advantages over traditional bench-top extraction methods. The smaller length scales and more refined transport mechanisms that characterize these microfluidic devices enable faster and more efficient biomarker enrichment and extraction. Additionally, they can be designed to perform multiple tests or experimental steps on one integrated, automated platform. This review explores the current research on microfluidic methods of sample preparation that are designed to aid diagnosis, and covers a broad spectrum of extraction techniques and designs for various types of samples and analytes. C1 [Cui, Francis; Tripathi, Anubhav] Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Ctr Biomed Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Rhee, Minsoung; Singh, Anup] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cui, F (reprint author), Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Ctr Biomed Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM Anubhav_Tripathi@brown.edu NR 89 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 18 U2 50 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1523-9829 BN 978-0-8243-3517-5 J9 ANNU REV BIOMED ENG JI Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. PY 2015 VL 17 BP 267 EP 286 DI 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071114-040538 PG 20 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BE0XE UT WOS:000367291800011 PM 26290952 ER PT J AU Odgaard, PF Stoustrup, J AF Odgaard, Peter Fogh Stoustrup, Jakob TI Gear-box fault detection using time-frequency based methods SO ANNUAL REVIEWS IN CONTROL LA English DT Review DE Wind turbines; Wind turbine gear-box; Fault detection; Karhunen-Loeve basis ID WIND TURBINES AB Gear-box fault monitoring and detection is important for optimization of power generation and availability of wind turbines. The current industrial approach is to use condition monitoring systems, which runs in parallel with the wind turbine control system, using expensive additional sensors. An alternative would be to use the existing measurements which are normally available for the wind turbine control system. The usage of these sensors instead would cut down the cost of the wind turbine by not using additional sensors. One of these available measurements is the generator speed, in which changes in the gear-box resonance frequency can be detected. Two different time-frequency based approaches are presented in this paper. One is a filter based approach and the other is based on a Karhunen-Loeve basis. Both of them detect the gear-box fault with an acceptable detection delay of maximum 100s, which is neglectable compared with the fault developing time. (C) 2015 International Federation of Automatic Control. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Odgaard, Peter Fogh] Aalborg Univ, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark. [Stoustrup, Jakob] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Odgaard, PF (reprint author), Aalborg Univ, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7C, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark. EM pfo@es.aau.dk; jakob.stoustrup@pnnl.gov OI Stoustrup, Jakob/0000-0001-9202-3135 FU Vestas Wind Turbine Control Program at Aalborg University FX The work is supported by the Vestas Wind Turbine Control Program at Aalborg University. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1367-5788 J9 ANNU REV CONTROL JI Annu. Rev. Control PY 2015 VL 40 BP 50 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.arcontrol.2015.09.004 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA DA0KS UT WOS:000367486600006 ER PT J AU Thayer-Calder, K Gettelman, A Craig, C Goldhaber, S Bogenschutz, PA Chen, CC Morrison, H Hoft, J Raut, E Griffin, BM Weber, JK Larson, VE Wyant, MC Wang, M Guo, Z Ghan, SJ AF Thayer-Calder, K. Gettelman, A. Craig, C. Goldhaber, S. Bogenschutz, P. A. Chen, C. -C. Morrison, H. Hoeft, J. Raut, E. Griffin, B. M. Weber, J. K. Larson, V. E. Wyant, M. C. Wang, M. Guo, Z. Ghan, S. J. TI A unified parameterization of clouds and turbulence using CLUBB and subcolumns in the Community Atmosphere Model SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE MODELS; INDEPENDENT-COLUMN APPROXIMATION; PROBABILITY DENSITY-FUNCTIONS; EDDY-DIFFUSIVITY/MASS-FLUX; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; CUMULUS BOUNDARY-LAYER; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; COUPLED EQUATORIAL WAVES; PART I; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION AB Most global climate models parameterize separate cloud types using separate parameterizations. This approach has several disadvantages, including obscure interactions between parameterizations and inaccurate triggering of cumulus parameterizations. Alternatively, a unified cloud parameterization uses one equation set to represent all cloud types. Such cloud types include stratiform liquid and ice cloud, shallow convective cloud, and deep convective cloud. Vital to the success of a unified parameterization is a general interface between clouds and microphysics. One such interface involves drawing Monte Carlo samples of subgrid variability of temperature, water vapor, cloud liquid, and cloud ice, and feeding the sample points into a microphysics scheme. This study evaluates a unified cloud parameterization and a Monte Carlo microphysics interface that has been implemented in the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) version 5.3. Model computational expense is estimated, and sensitivity to the number of subcolumns is investigated. Results describing the mean climate and tropical variability from global simulations are presented. The new model shows a degradation in precipitation skill but improvements in short-wave cloud forcing, liquid water path, long-wave cloud forcing, precipitable water, and tropical wave simulation. C1 [Thayer-Calder, K.; Gettelman, A.; Craig, C.; Goldhaber, S.; Bogenschutz, P. A.; Chen, C. -C.; Morrison, H.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Thayer-Calder, K.; Hoeft, J.; Raut, E.; Griffin, B. M.; Weber, J. K.; Larson, V. E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Wyant, M. C.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wang, M.] Nanjing Univ, Inst Climate & Global Change Res, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wang, M.] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wang, M.] Collaborat Innovat Ctr Climate Change, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wang, M.; Guo, Z.; Ghan, S. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Thayer-Calder, K (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM katec@ucar.edu RI Wang, Minghuai/E-5390-2011; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011 OI Wang, Minghuai/0000-0002-9179-228X; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699 FU US National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation [AGS-0968657, AGS-0968640]; Office of Science, US Department of Energy (Scientific Discoveries through Advanced Computing, SciDAC) [DE-SC0008668, DE-SC0008323]; SciDAC; DOE Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX The authors thank Jun-Ichi Yano and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on this manuscript. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported by the US National Science Foundation. NCAR authors were partially supported by National Science Foundation Grant AGS-0968657. Co-authors from University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee acknowledge support by the Office of Science, US Department of Energy, under grants DE-SC0008668 (BER) and DE-SC0008323 (Scientific Discoveries through Advanced Computing, SciDAC) and support by the National Science Foundation under grant AGS-0968640. PNNL staff were supported by SciDAC and the DOE Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 96 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 12 BP 3801 EP 3821 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-3801-2015 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CZ6XG UT WOS:000367243700001 ER PT J AU Tang, JY AF Tang, J. Y. TI On the relationships between the Michaelis-Menten kinetics, reverse Michaelis-Menten kinetics, equilibrium chemistry approximation kinetics, and quadratic kinetics SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID STEADY-STATE ASSUMPTION; SOIL-CARBON; THEORETICAL-MODEL; NITROGEN; DECOMPOSITION; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY; LIMITATION; PHYSIOLOGY; DYNAMICS AB The Michaelis-Menten kinetics and the reverse Michaelis-Menten kinetics are two popular mathematical formulations used in many land biogeochemical models to describe how microbes and plants would respond to changes in substrate abundance. However, the criteria of when to use either of the two are often ambiguous. Here I show that these two kinetics are special approximations to the equilibrium chemistry approximation (ECA) kinetics, which is the first-order approximation to the quadratic kinetics that solves the equation of an enzyme-substrate complex exactly for a single-enzyme and single-substrate biogeochemical reaction with the law of mass action and the assumption of a quasi-steady state for the enzyme-substrate complex and that the product genesis from enzyme-substrate complex is much slower than the equilibration between enzymesubstrate complexes, substrates, and enzymes. In particular, I show that the derivation of the Michaelis-Menten kinetics does not consider the mass balance constraint of the substrate, and the reverse Michaelis-Menten kinetics does not consider the mass balance constraint of the enzyme, whereas both of these constraints are taken into account in deriving the equilibrium chemistry approximation kinetics. By benchmarking against predictions from the quadratic kinetics for a wide range of substrate and enzyme concentrations, the Michaelis-Menten kinetics was found to persistently underpredict the normalized sensitivity partial derivative ln v/partial derivative ln k(2)(+) of the reaction velocity v with respect to the maximum product genesis rate k(2)(+), persistently overpredict the normalized sensitivity partial derivative ln v = partial derivative ln k(1)(+) of v with respect to the intrinsic substrate affinity k(1)(+), persistently overpredict the normalized sensitivity partial derivative ln v/partial derivative ln [E](T) of v with respect the total enzyme concentration [E](T), and persistently underpredict the normalized sensitivity partial derivative ln v/partial derivative ln [S](T) of v with respect to the total substrate concentration [S](T). Meanwhile, the reverse Michaelis-Menten kinetics persistently underpredicts partial derivative ln v/partial derivative ln k(2)(+) and partial derivative ln v/partial derivative ln [E](T), and persistently overpredicts partial derivative ln v/partial derivative ln k(1)(+) and partial derivative ln v/partial derivative ln [S](T). In contrast, the equilibrium chemistry approximation kinetics always gives consistent predictions of partial derivative ln v/partial derivative ln k(2)(+), partial derivative ln v/partial derivative ln k(1)(+), partial derivative ln v/partial derivative ln [E](T), and partial derivative ln v/partial derivative ln [S](T), indicating that ECA-based models will be more calibratable if the modeled processes do obey the law of mass action. Since the equilibrium chemistry approximation kinetics includes advantages from both the Michaelis-Menten kinetics and the reverse Michaelis-Menten kinetics and it is applicable for almost the whole range of substrate and enzyme abundances, land biogeochemical modelers therefore no longer need to choose when to use the Michaelis-Menten kinetics or the reverse Michaelis-Menten kinetics. I expect that removing this choice ambiguity will make it easier to formulate more robust and consistent land biogeochemical models. C1 [Tang, J. Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Climate Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tang, JY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Climate Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jinyuntang@lbl.gov RI Tang, Jinyun/M-4922-2013 OI Tang, Jinyun/0000-0002-4792-1259 FU Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy as part of the Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE-Arctic) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Accelerated Climate Model for Energy project in the Earth System Modeling program FX This research is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of the Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE-Arctic) and the Accelerated Climate Model for Energy project in the Earth System Modeling program. I sincerely thank Thomas Wutzler, Joshua Schimel, an anonymous reviewer, and the handling editor for their constructive comments, which significantly improved the paper. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 12 BP 3823 EP 3835 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-3823-2015 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CZ6XG UT WOS:000367243700002 ER PT J AU Lauritzen, PH Bacmeister, JT Callaghan, PF Taylor, MA AF Lauritzen, P. H. Bacmeister, J. T. Callaghan, P. F. Taylor, M. A. TI NCAR_Topo (v1.0): NCAR global model topography generation software for unstructured grids SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID OROGRAPHIC-DRAG PARAMETRIZATION; REGULAR LATITUDE-LONGITUDE; CUBED-SPHERE GRIDS; PARAMETERIZATION SCHEME; FORECAST ERRORS; DYNAMICAL CORE; WAVE DRAG; REPRESENTATION; COORDINATE; FORMULATION AB It is the purpose of this paper to document the NCAR global model topography generation software for unstructured grids (NCAR_Topo (v1.0)). Given a model grid, the software computes the fraction of the grid box covered by land, the grid-box mean elevation (deviation from a geoid that defines nominal sea level surface), and associated sub-grid-scale variances commonly used for gravity wave and turbulent mountain stress parameterizations. The software supports regular latitude-longitude grids as well as unstructured grids, e.g., icosahedral, Voronoi, cubed-sphere and variable-resolution grids. C1 [Lauritzen, P. H.; Bacmeister, J. T.; Callaghan, P. F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Taylor, M. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Lauritzen, PH (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, 1850 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM pel@ucar.edu FU Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research, "Multiscale Methods for Accurate, Efficient, and Scale-Aware Models of the Earth System" [12-015334]; Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research; National Science Foundation (NSF) FX NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF). M. Taylor was supported by the Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research, work package 12-015334 "Multiscale Methods for Accurate, Efficient, and Scale-Aware Models of the Earth System". Thanks to Sang-hun Park (NCAR) for providing data for the GTOPO30 power spectrum. Thanks to Max Suarez (NASA) for encouraging upgrading to the GMTED2010 data. We thank the two reviewers for their useful comments. Partial support for this work was provided through the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program funded by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 12 BP 3975 EP 3986 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-3975-2015 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CZ6XG UT WOS:000367243700010 ER PT S AU Claus, RA Wang, YG Wojdyla, A Benk, MP Goldberg, KA Neureuther, AR Naulleau, PP AF Claus, Rene A. Wang, Yow-Gwo Wojdyla, Antoine Benk, Markus P. Goldberg, Kenneth A. Neureuther, Andrew R. Naulleau, Patrick P. BE Hayashi, N Kasprowicz, BS TI Examination of phase retrieval algorithms for patterned EUV mask metrology SO PHOTOMASK TECHNOLOGY 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photomask Technology CY SEP 29-OCT 01, 2015 CL Monterey, CA SP SPIE, BACUS DE Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography; Phase Retrieval; Phase Shift Mask; Photomasks AB We evaluate the performance of several phase retrieval algorithms using through-focus aerial image measurements of patterned EUV photomasks. Patterns present a challenge for phase retrieval algorithms due to the highcontrast and strong diffraction they produce. For this study, we look at the ability to correctly recover phase for line-space patterns on an EUV mask with a TaN absorber and for an etched EUV multilayer phase shift mask. The recovered phase and amplitude extracted from measurements taken using the SHARP EUV microscope at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is compared to rigorous, 3D electromagnetic simulations. The impact of uncertainty in background intensity, coherence, and focus on the recovered field is evaluated to see if the algorithms respond differently. C1 [Claus, Rene A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Appl Sci & Technol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, Yow-Gwo; Neureuther, Andrew R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wojdyla, Antoine; Benk, Markus P.; Goldberg, Kenneth A.; Naulleau, Patrick P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Claus, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Appl Sci & Technol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM reneclaus@gmail.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-845-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9635 DI 10.1117/12.2197868 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0YA UT WOS:000367322600013 ER PT S AU Goldberg, K Benk, MP Wojdyla, A Verduijn, E Wood, OR Mangat, P AF Goldberg, Kenneth Benk, Markus P. Wojdyla, Antoine Verduijn, Erik Wood, Obert R., III Mangat, Pawitter BE Hayashi, N Kasprowicz, BS TI EUV actinic brightfield mask microscopy for predicting printed defect images SO PHOTOMASK TECHNOLOGY 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photomask Technology CY SEP 29-OCT 01, 2015 CL Monterey, CA SP SPIE, BACUS DE extreme ultraviolet; EUV; mask; defects; actinic; wafer SEM; mask SEM; imaging AB Improving our collective understanding of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photomask defects and the imaging properties of available defect imaging tools is essential for improving EUV mask defectivity, defect repair and mitigation, and for high-level strategic decision-making. In this work, we perform a qualitative comparison of twenty-five defects imaged with mask scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EUV actinic mask imaging, and wafer SEM imaging. All but two of the defect locations were first identified by non-actinic mask blank inspection, prior to patterning. The others were identified as repeating defects on the wafer. We find that actinic defect imaging is predictive of the wafer prints, with small-scale features clearly replicated. While some mask defect SEM images match the wafer prints, others print with a larger outline indicating the presence of sub-surface disruptions hidden from the SEM's view. Fourteen other defects were subjected to an aerial image phase measurement method called Fourier Ptychography (FP). Although phase shifts were observed in the larger defects, the smaller defects in the dataset showed no significant phase shifting. We attribute this discrepancy to non-actinic mask blank inspection's limited ability to detect small phase defects under normal operating conditions. C1 [Goldberg, Kenneth; Benk, Markus P.; Wojdyla, Antoine] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Verduijn, Erik; Wood, Obert R., III; Mangat, Pawitter] GLOBALOUNDRIES, Malta, NY 12020 USA. RP Goldberg, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM KAGoldberg@lbl.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-845-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9635 AR 963514 DI 10.1117/12.2196966 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0YA UT WOS:000367322600033 ER PT S AU Wang, YG Neureuther, A Naulleau, P AF Wang, Yow-Gwo Neureuther, Andy Naulleau, Patrick BE Hayashi, N Kasprowicz, BS TI The study of phase effects in EUV mask pattern defects SO PHOTOMASK TECHNOLOGY 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photomask Technology CY SEP 29-OCT 01, 2015 CL Monterey, CA SP SPIE, BACUS DE EUV Actinic Pattern Mask Inspection; Material-induced Phase Effect; Pattern Defect; Pupil Engineering AB In this paper, we present a detail study of the impact of material-induced phase effect on the EUV mask absorber defect through-focus behavior. Illumination, material properties, and defect size are shown to have different impacts on the behavior. Also, we study the possibility of using alternative absorber materials to reduce the phase effects on the defect. Based on the mask near field distribution, energy confinement and phase accumulation can be reduced with new absorber materials. The defect sensitivity is reduced and the peak signal position is closer to the best focus due to less material-induced phase. Moreover, the novel pupil engineering method can utilize the phase induced by the material to improve the defect sensitivity of absorber defect by adding lens phase shifts in the pupil plane. At least 29% enhancement of the absorber defect signal at focus can be achieved by optimum lens phase shifts. C1 [Wang, Yow-Gwo; Neureuther, Andy; Naulleau, Patrick] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, Yow-Gwo; Neureuther, Andy] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, YG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-845-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9635 AR 96350D DI 10.1117/12.2197769 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0YA UT WOS:000367322600011 ER PT S AU Castillo, P Diaz, A Thomas, B Gross, B Moshary, F AF Castillo, Paulo Diaz, Adrian Thomas, Benjamin Gross, Barry Moshary, Fred BE Comeron, A Kassianov, EI Schafer, K Picard, RH Weber, K TI Open-path Quantum Cascade Laser-based System for Simultaneous Remote Sensing of Methane, Nitrous Oxide, and Water Vapor Using Chirped-pulse Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy SO REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUDS AND THE ATMOSPHERE XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XX CY SEP 23-24, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Spectroscopy; intra-pulse spectroscopy; lidar; optical absorption spectroscopy; nitrous oxide; methane; gas measurement; Stand-off detection; Quantum Cascade Laser; gas sensor; QCLOPS AB Methane and Nitrous Oxide are long-lived greenhouse gases in the atmosphere with significant global warming effects. We report on application of chirped-pulsed quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) to simultaneous measurements of these trace gases in both open-path fence-line and backscatter systems. The intra-pulse thermal frequency chirp in a QCL can be time resolved and calibrated to allow for high resolution differential optical absorption spectroscopy over the spectral window of the chirp, which for a DFB-QCL can be reach similar to 2cm(-1) for a 500 nsec pulse. The spectral line-shape of the output from these lasers are highly stable from pulse to pulse over long period of time (>1 day), and the system does not require frequent calibrations. C1 [Diaz, Adrian; Thomas, Benjamin; Gross, Barry; Moshary, Fred] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Castillo, Paulo] Brookhaven Natl Lab, New York, NY 11973 USA. RP Castillo, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, New York, NY 11973 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-850-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9640 AR 96400P DI 10.1117/12.2195169 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0XX UT WOS:000367320500021 ER PT S AU Kassianov, E Barnard, J Flynn, C Riihimaki, L Marinovici, C AF Kassianov, Evgueni Barnard, James Flynn, Connor Riihimaki, Laura Marinovici, Cristina BE Comeron, A Kassianov, EI Schafer, K Picard, RH Weber, K TI How Well Can We Estimate Areal-Averaged Spectral Surface Albedo from Ground-Based Transmission in an Atlantic Coastal Area? SO REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUDS AND THE ATMOSPHERE XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XX CY SEP 23-24, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE areal-averaged surface albedo; ground- and satellite-based remote sensing; atmospheric transmission ID MODIS; FACILITY AB Areal-averaged albedos are particularly difficult to measure in coastal regions, because the surface is not homogenous, consisting of a sharp demarcation between land and water. With this difficulty in mind, we evaluate a simple retrieval of areal-averaged surface albedo using ground-based measurements of atmospheric transmission alone under fully overcast conditions. To illustrate the performance of our retrieval, we find the areal-averaged albedo using measurements from the Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR) at five wavelengths (415, 500, 615, 673, and 870 nm). These MFRSR data are collected at a coastal site in Graciosa Island, Azores supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program. The areal-averaged albedos obtained from the MFRSR are compared with collocated and coincident Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) white-sky albedo at four nominal wavelengths (470, 560, 670 and 860 nm). These comparisons are made during a 19-month period (June 2009 - December 2010). We also calculate composite-based spectral values of surface albedo by a weighted-average approach using estimated fractions of major surface types observed in an area surrounding this coastal site. Taken as a whole, these three methods of finding albedo show spectral and temporal similarities, and suggest that our simple, transmission-based technique holds promise, but with estimated errors of about +/- 0.03. Additional work is needed to reduce this uncertainty in areas with inhomogeneous surfaces. C1 [Kassianov, Evgueni; Flynn, Connor; Riihimaki, Laura; Marinovici, Cristina] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Barnard, James] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89503 USA. RP Kassianov, E (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Evgueni.Kassianov@pnnl.gov OI Marinovici, Cristina/0000-0003-3973-6579 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-850-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9640 AR 96400K DI 10.1117/12.2196875 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0XX UT WOS:000367320500016 ER PT J AU Graber, ZT Wang, W Singh, G Kuzmenko, I Vaknin, D Kooijman, EE AF Graber, Z. T. Wang, W. Singh, G. Kuzmenko, I. Vaknin, D. Kooijman, E. E. TI Competitive cation binding to phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate domains revealed by X-ray fluorescence SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATIDIC-ACID; POTASSIUM CHANNELS; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; PIP2; PHOSPHOINOSITIDES; 4,5-BISPHOSPHATE; IONS; POLYPHOSPHOINOSITIDES; ELECTROSTATICS AB Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is an important signaling phospholipid in the inner leaflet of the cell membrane. Due to the high negative charge of its headgroup, PIP2 strongly interacts with cellular cations. We have used synchrotron diffraction and fluorescence techniques to determine preferential cation binding to two-dimensional PIP2 templates. The natural, highly unsaturated PIP2 is manipulated as a Langmuir monolayer on a physiological buffer containing 100 mM KCl and varying amounts of Ca2+ and Mg2+. X-ray fluorescence shows an 800% surface enhancement in K+ concentration (bound to PIP2) compared to bulk concentration. Adding physiological levels of Ca2+(1-100 mu M) results in gradual replacement of K+ by Ca2+ ions, leading to a significant change in the organization of the PIP2 model membrane, while higher concentrations (100-1000 mu M) lead to three orders of magnitude increase in surface [Ca2+]. Similar experiments with Mg2+ ions also show strong ion binding to PIP2 at physiological levels (1 mM) with a lesser structural effect. For mixed solutions of Mg2+ and Ca2+ we find that Ca2+ occupies the majority of binding sites. Remarkably we find that, with both 1 mM Mg2+ and 1 mM Ca2+ in the subphase there is still a 400% surface enrichment of K+ ions at the headgroup region. C1 [Graber, Z. T.] Kent State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Wang, W.; Vaknin, D.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wang, W.; Vaknin, D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Singh, G.] Kent State Univ, Dept Phys, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Kuzmenko, I.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kooijman, E. E.] Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Kooijman, EE (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM ekooijma@kent.edu RI Vaknin, David/B-3302-2009 OI Vaknin, David/0000-0002-0899-9248 FU NSF [CHE 1216827]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX ZTG and EEK gratefully acknowledge financial support from NSF through grant CHE 1216827. The work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 129 BP 106536 EP 106542 DI 10.1039/c5ra19023a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CZ7IY UT WOS:000367274300030 ER PT J AU Williams, NJ Do-Thanh, CL Stankovich, JJ Luo, HM Dai, S AF Williams, Neil J. Chi-Linh Do-Thanh Stankovich, Joseph J. Luo, Huimin Dai, Sheng TI Extraction of lanthanides using 1-hydroxy-6-N-octylcarboxamido-2(1H)-pyridinone as an extractant via competitive ligand complexations between aqueous and organic phases SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; SEQUESTERING AGENTS; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; SELECTIVE EXTRACTION; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; TALSPEAK PROCESS; COMPLEXES; SEPARATION; TRIVALENT; ACTINIDES AB The ability to selectively extract lanthanides is crucial in hydrometallurgy and the nuclear fuel cycle. The capabilities of 1-hydroxy-6-N-octylcarboxamido-2(1H)-pyridinone (octyl-HOPO) as an extractant for the separation of lanthanides and actinides were studied for the first time. Octyl-HOPO greatly outperformed the traditional ligand di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (DEHPA). C1 [Williams, Neil J.; Stankovich, Joseph J.; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Williams, Neil J.; Chi-Linh Do-Thanh; Dai, Sheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA. [Luo, Huimin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Energy & Transportat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015; OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931; Do-Thanh, Chi-Linh/0000-0003-2263-8331 FU US-DOE Office of Science, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences FX This research was sponsored by US-DOE Office of Science, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 129 BP 107054 EP 107057 DI 10.1039/c5ra23443c PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CZ7IY UT WOS:000367274300083 ER PT J AU Tassi, M Bartollini, E Adriaensens, P Bianchi, L Barkakaty, B Carleer, R Chen, JH Hensley, DK Marrocchi, A Vaccaro, L AF Tassi, Marco Bartollini, Elena Adriaensens, Peter Bianchi, Luca Barkakaty, Balaka Carleer, Robert Chen, Jihua Hensley, Dale K. Marrocchi, Assunta Vaccaro, Luigi TI Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of novel large network polystyrene-immobilized organic bases SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID SOLVENT-FREE CONDITIONS; REUSABLE CATALYST; EXCHANGE-RESINS; SUPPORTED TBD; EFFICIENT; EPOXIDES; BEMP AB In view of searching for efficient polymeric supports for organic bases to be used in environmentally friendly reaction conditions, novel gel-type cross-linked polystyrenes functionalized with diethylamine and 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene, have been prepared. The structural properties and morphology of these catalysts have been determined by extensive solid state NMR experiments, FTIR spectroscopy and SEM/TEM microscopy. SPACeR-supported bases were found to exhibit high catalytic activity in the epoxide ring opening by phenols. A range of beta-substituted alcohols have been readily and regioselectively synthesized. C1 [Tassi, Marco; Adriaensens, Peter; Carleer, Robert] Hasselt Univ Appl & Analyt Chem, BE-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. [Bartollini, Elena; Bianchi, Luca; Marrocchi, Assunta; Vaccaro, Luigi] Univ Perugia, CEMIN Dipartimento Chim Biol & Biotecnol, Lab Green Synthet Organ Chem, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Barkakaty, Balaka; Chen, Jihua; Hensley, Dale K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vaccaro, L (reprint author), Univ Perugia, CEMIN Dipartimento Chim Biol & Biotecnol, Lab Green Synthet Organ Chem, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. EM luigi.vaccaro@unipg.it RI Vaccaro, Luigi/K-1043-2013; marrocchi, assunta/B-7583-2014; Chen, Jihua/F-1417-2011; Adriaensens, Peter/F-3877-2017 OI Vaccaro, Luigi/0000-0003-4168-2303; Chen, Jihua/0000-0001-6879-5936; Adriaensens, Peter/0000-0003-4183-0150 FU National project "BIT3G" - Italian Green Chemistry Cluster; Universita degli Studi di Perugia FX This research has been developed and partially financed within the National project "BIT3G" - Italian Green Chemistry Cluster. We gratefully acknowledge the Universita degli Studi di Perugia for financial support. EM (J.C. and D.K.H.) experiments were conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 130 BP 107200 EP 107208 DI 10.1039/c5ra21140a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CZ7HY UT WOS:000367271700002 ER PT J AU Seipp, CA Williams, NJ Bryantsev, VS Custelcean, R Moyer, BA AF Seipp, Charles A. Williams, Neil J. Bryantsev, Vyacheslav S. Custelcean, Radu Moyer, Bruce A. TI A conformationally persistent pseudo-bicyclic guanidinium for anion coordination as stabilized by dual intramolecular hydrogen bonds SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID RECEPTORS; DESIGN; CHEMISTRY; BINDING; DENSITY AB The first example of a pseudo-bicyclic guanidinium ligand is reported. When bound to an anion, the N,N'-bis(2-pyridyl)guanidinium cation persistently adopts the planar alpha,alpha conformation featuring intramolecular N center dot center dot center dot H-N-H center dot center dot center dot N hydrogen bonds in the solid state, which facilitates crystallization of sulphate from aqueous mixtures of anions. C1 [Seipp, Charles A.; Williams, Neil J.; Bryantsev, Vyacheslav S.; Custelcean, Radu; Moyer, Bruce A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Seipp, Charles A.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Williams, Neil J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Moyer, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM moyerba@ornl.gov RI Seipp, Charles/J-5546-2016; Custelcean, Radu/C-1037-2009; Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016; Bryantsev, Vyacheslav/M-5111-2016 OI Seipp, Charles/0000-0003-4476-6991; Custelcean, Radu/0000-0002-0727-7972; Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277; Bryantsev, Vyacheslav/0000-0002-6501-6594 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This research was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 130 BP 107266 EP 107269 DI 10.1039/c5ra21864k PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CZ7HY UT WOS:000367271700008 ER PT S AU Harun, NF Tucker, D Adams, TA AF Harun, Nor Farida Tucker, David Adams, Thomas A., II BE Gernaey, KV Huusom, JK Gani, R TI Dynamic Response of Fuel Cell Gas Turbine Hybrid to Fuel Composition Changes using Hardware-based Simulations SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PROCESS SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND 25TH EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER AIDED PROCESS ENGINEERING, PT C SE Computer Aided Chemical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering (PSE) / 25th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE) CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2015 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP BASF, Bayer, HEMPEL, PSe, Maersk Oil, ELSEVIER, COWIfonden, SCG, NSF, Syngenta, Novo Nordisk, Alfa Laval DE Fuel cell gas turbine hybrid; fuel flexibility; hardware-based simulations ID SYSTEMS; DESIGN AB The solid oxide fuel cell gas turbine hybrid system (SOFC/GT) is an exciting new approach to producing electricity with high efficiency and lower environmental impacts than conventional power plants. One of its key strengths is the potential for fuel flexibility, which is the ability to transition between different kinds or qualities of fuels during operation. However, there has been very little research into the dynamic performance of SOFC/GT systems in response to changes in fuel. Therefore, the open loop behaviour of SOFC/GT systems in response to fuel composition transients was experimentally investigated. In this study, hardware-based simulations were used to study transitions between using coal-derived syngas and humidified methane. A hybrid test facility at the U.S Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Morgantown, West Virginia, was used to adequately capture the coupling of fuel cell stacks (simulated with hardware driven by a real time dynamic model) and a gas turbine system (from actual equipment) during transient events. Given the dynamic trajectories of key process variables, the impact on the hybrid system was quantified via transfer functions. The results show that the open-loop dynamic behaviour exhibited significant inverse response which limited the range of transitions that could be achieved safely without damage to various system components such as the compressor or fuel cells. However, the results also showed that if a control system could be designed which limited the impact of the inverse response, then transitions between even very different kinds of fuels could potentially be achieved without operational problems. The resulting transient information will be used to develop a new control system for thermal management of SOFC/GT hybrid systems in future work. C1 [Harun, Nor Farida; Adams, Thomas A., II] McMaster Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada. [Tucker, David] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Harun, NF (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-7946 BN 978-0-444-63576-1 J9 COMPUT-AIDED CHEM EN PY 2015 VL 37 BP 2423 EP 2428 PN C PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering GA BE0TB UT WOS:000366893400098 ER PT S AU Cannon, BD Bernacki, BE Schiffern, JT Mendoza, A AF Cannon, Bret D. Bernacki, Bruce E. Schiffern, John T. Mendoza, Albert BE Novak, E Trolinger, JD TI Three Dimensional Speckle Imaging Employing a Frequency Locked Tunable Diode Laser SO APPLIED ADVANCED OPTICAL METROLOGY SOLUTIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applied Advanced Optical Metrology Solutions CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE three dimensional imaging; three dimensional speckle imaging; laser frequency stabilization; laser speckle imaging ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM AB We describe a high accuracy frequency stepping method for a tunable diode laser to improve a three dimensional (3D) imaging approach based upon interferometric speckle imaging. The approach, modeled after Takeda, exploits tuning an illumination laser in frequency as speckle interferograms of the object (specklegrams) are acquired at each frequency in a Michelson interferometer. The resulting 3D hypercube of specklegrams encode spatial information in the x-y plane of each image with laser tuning arrayed along its z-axis. The specklegrams are processed by Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) along the z-axis of the hypercube and the center of the peak in the resulting power spectrum for each pixel encodes its surface height. Alternatively, Takeda's method can be followed which uses the phase of the FFT, unwraps it, and determines the surface height encoded in the slope of a line fitted to the phase. Wraparound of modulations above the Nyquist limit results in ambiguity in the optical path difference (OPD) between test and reference surfaces. Wraparound also amplifies measurement noise caused by errors and jitter in frequency stepping the illumination laser. By locking the laser frequency to successive cavity modes of a reference confocal interferometer, tuning is precisely controlled resulting in dramatically improved imaging quality. We present laboratory data of before and after results showing enhanced 3D imaging resulting from precise laser frequency control. C1 [Cannon, Bret D.; Bernacki, Bruce E.; Schiffern, John T.; Mendoza, Albert] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cannon, BD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM bruce.bernacki@pnnl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-742-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9576 AR 957604 DI 10.1117/12.2188470 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BE0CI UT WOS:000365758500004 ER PT S AU Lacey, I Anderson, EH Artemiev, NA Babin, S Cabrini, S Calafiore, G Chan, ER McKinney, WR Peroz, C Takacs, PZ Yashchuk, VV AF Lacey, Ian Anderson, Erik H. Artemiev, Nikolay A. Babin, Sergey Cabrini, Stefano Calafiore, Guiseppe Chan, Elaine R. McKinney, Wayne R. Peroz, Christophe Takacs, Peter Z. Yashchuk, Valeriy V. BE Novak, E Trolinger, JD TI Binary pseudorandom test standard to determine the modulation transfer function of optical microscopes SO APPLIED ADVANCED OPTICAL METROLOGY SOLUTIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applied Advanced Optical Metrology Solutions CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE modulation transfer function; interferometric microscope; coded aperture imaging; calibration; test standard; correlation analysis; surface metrology; systematic error ID UNIFORMLY REDUNDANT ARRAYS AB This work reports on the development of a binary pseudo-random test sample optimized to calibrate the MTF of optical microscopes. The sample consists of a number of 1-D and 2-D patterns, with different minimum sizes of spatial artifacts from 300 nm to 2 microns. We describe the mathematical background, fabrication process, data acquisition and analysis procedure to return spatial frequency based instrument calibration. We show that the developed samples satisfy the characteristics of a test standard: functionality, ease of specification and fabrication, reproducibility, and low sensitivity to manufacturing error. C1 [Lacey, Ian; Anderson, Erik H.; Artemiev, Nikolay A.; Cabrini, Stefano; Chan, Elaine R.; McKinney, Wayne R.; Yashchuk, Valeriy V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Babin, Sergey; Calafiore, Guiseppe; Peroz, Christophe] ABeam Technol Inc, Hayward, CA 94541 USA. [Takacs, Peter Z.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lacey, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ilacey@lbl.gov RI Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-742-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9576 AR 957608 DI 10.1117/12.2185191 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BE0CI UT WOS:000365758500008 ER PT J AU Canton, SE Zhang, X Liu, Y Zhang, J Papai, M Corani, A Smeigh, AL Smolentsev, G Attenkofer, K Jennings, G Kurtz, CA Li, F Harlang, T Vithanage, D Chabera, P Bordage, A Sun, L Ott, S Warnmark, K Sundstrom, V AF Canton, S. E. Zhang, X. Liu, Y. Zhang, J. Papai, M. Corani, A. Smeigh, A. L. Smolentsev, G. Attenkofer, K. Jennings, G. Kurtz, C. A. Li, F. Harlang, T. Vithanage, D. Chabera, P. Bordage, A. Sun, L. Ott, S. Warnmark, K. Sundstrom, V. TI Watching the dynamics of electrons and atoms at work in solar energy conversion SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; X-RAY; SPIN-CROSSOVER; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; TRANSFER MECHANISM; BRIDGING LIGAND; METAL-COMPLEXES; PHOTOSYSTEM-II AB The photochemical reactions performed by transition metal complexes have been proposed as viable routes towards solar energy conversion and storage into other forms that can be conveniently used in our everyday applications. In order to develop efficient materials, it is necessary to identify, characterize and optimize the elementary steps of the entire process on the atomic scale. To this end, we have studied the photoinduced electronic and structural dynamics in two heterobimetallic ruthenium-cobalt dyads, which belong to the large family of donor-bridge-acceptor systems. Using a combination of ultrafast optical and X-ray absorption spectroscopies, we can clock the light-driven electron transfer processes with element and spin sensitivity. In addition, the changes in local structure around the two metal centers are monitored. These experiments show that the nature of the connecting bridge is decisive for controlling the forward and the backward electron transfer rates, a result supported by quantum chemistry calculations. More generally, this work illustrates how ultrafast optical and X-ray C1 [Canton, S. E.] Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, IFG Struct Dynam Biochem Syst, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Canton, S. E.] Deutsch Elektronensynchrotron DESY, Struct Dynam Ultra Short Pulsed Xrays, FS SCS, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Zhang, X.; Jennings, G.; Kurtz, C. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Liu, Y.; Warnmark, K.] Lund Univ, Ctr Anal & Synth, Dept Chem, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Zhang, J.] Tianjin Polytech Univ, Sch Environm & Chem Engn, Tianjin 300387, Peoples R China. [Papai, M.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Wigner Res Ctr Phys, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. [Corani, A.; Harlang, T.; Vithanage, D.; Chabera, P.; Sundstrom, V.] Lund Univ, Dept Chem Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Smeigh, A. L.; Ott, S.] Uppsala Univ, Angstrom Lab, Dept Chem, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Smolentsev, G.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Attenkofer, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Photon Sci Directorate, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Li, F.] Dalian Univ Technol, State Key Lab Fine Chem, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China. [Bordage, A.] Univ Paris 11, UMR CNRS 8182, Inst Chim Mol & Mat Orsay, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Sun, L.] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Sch Chem Sci & Engn, Dept Chem, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Canton, SE (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, IFG Struct Dynam Biochem Syst, Fassberg 11, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM sophie.canton@desy.de RI Chabera, Pavel/B-4202-2014; Canton, Sophie/A-8432-2016; Smeigh, Amanda/C-5605-2014; OI Chabera, Pavel/0000-0002-0531-5138; Smeigh, Amanda/0000-0002-8071-071X; Papai, Matyas Imre/0000-0002-4819-0611 FU Swedish Research Council; Crafoord Foundation; Science Faculty at Lund University; European Research Council [ERC-AdvG-VISCHEM-226136, ERC-StG-259709]; Swedish Energy Administration (STEM); Knut&Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Lendulet Program of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences [LP2013/59]; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund [OTKA K 109257]; DOE Office of Science - U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This project was supported by the Swedish Research Council (SEC, VS), the Crafoord Foundation (SEC), the Science Faculty at Lund University (MAX IV and ESS initiative grant to KW and VS), the European Research Council via contracts ERC-AdvG-VISCHEM-226136 (VS) and ERC-StG-259709 (MP), the Swedish Energy Administration (STEM) and the Knut&Alice Wallenberg Foundation (VS). M. P. acknowledges support from the Lendulet Program of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (LP2013/59) and the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA K 109257). X. Z., G. J., C. A. K. and the use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, were supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Contributions from R. M. C. Rodriguez and Dr C. J. Wallentin to early synthesis work are gratefully acknowledged. We thank Prof L. X. Chen and her group for providing the Nd:YLF regenerative amplifier laser. NR 65 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 29 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 EI 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2015 VL 185 BP 51 EP 68 DI 10.1039/c5fd00084j PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CZ2BG UT WOS:000366909400003 PM 26400760 ER PT J AU Lei, H Yang, X Zheng, B Lin, G Baker, NA AF Lei, H. Yang, X. Zheng, B. Lin, G. Baker, N. A. TI CONSTRUCTING SURROGATE MODELS OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS WITH ENHANCED SPARSITY: QUANTIFYING THE INFLUENCE OF CONFORMATIONAL UNCERTAINTY IN BIOMOLECULAR SOLVATION SO MULTISCALE MODELING & SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE uncertainty quantification; biomolecular conformation fluctuation; polynomial; chaos; compressive sensing method; model reduction ID PANCREATIC TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; COLLOCATION METHOD; POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; PROTEINS; DYNAMICS; SOLVENT; L(1)-MINIMIZATION; INTERPOLATION; QUANTIFICATION AB Biomolecules exhibit conformational fluctuations near equilibrium states, inducing uncertainty in various biological properties in a dynamic way. We have developed a general method to quantify the uncertainty of target properties induced by conformational fluctuations. Using a generalized polynomial chaos (gPC) expansion, we construct a surrogate model of the target property with respect to varying conformational states. To alleviate the high dimensionality of the corresponding stochastic space, we propose a method to increase the sparsity of the gPC expansion by defining a set of conformational "active space" random variables. With the increased sparsity, we employ the compressive sensing method to accurately construct the surrogate model. We demonstrate the performance of the surrogate model by evaluating fluctuation-induced uncertainty in solvent-accessible surface area for the bovine trypsin inhibitor protein system and show that the new approach offers more accurate statistical information than standard Monte Carlo approaches. Furthermore, the constructed surrogate model also enables us to directly evaluate the target property under various conformational states, yielding a more accurate response surface than standard sparse grid collocation methods. In particular, the new method provides higher accuracy in high-dimensional systems, such as biomolecules, where sparse grid performance is limited by the accuracy of the computed quantity of interest. Our new framework is generalizable and can be used to investigate the uncertainty of a wide variety of target properties in biomolecular systems. C1 [Lei, H.; Yang, X.; Zheng, B.; Baker, N. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Lin, G.] Purdue Univ, Dept Math, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. RP Lei, H (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM huan.lei@pnnl.gov; xiu.yang@pnnl.gov; bin.zheng@pnnl.gov; guanglin@purdue.edu; Nathan.Baker@pnnl.gov RI Baker, Nathan/A-8605-2010 OI Baker, Nathan/0000-0002-5892-6506 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0576RL01830]; IMA for a workshop on Uncertainty Quantification in Materials Modeling; DOE for the Conference on Data Analysis FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research as part of the Collaboratory on Mathematics for Mesoscopic Modeling of Materials (CM4). Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC0576RL01830.; The first author's research was supported by a travel grant from the IMA for a workshop on Uncertainty Quantification in Materials Modeling and a travel grant from the DOE for the Conference on Data Analysis 2014. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1540-3459 EI 1540-3467 J9 MULTISCALE MODEL SIM JI Multiscale Model. Simul. PY 2015 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1327 EP 1353 DI 10.1137/140981587 PG 27 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA CZ4RM UT WOS:000367090400010 ER PT S AU Stolz, CJ Wolfe, JE Mirkarimi, PB Folta, JA Adams, JJ Menor, MG Raman, R Neilsen, N Norton, M Luthi, R Teslich, NE Menoni, CS Patel, D AF Stolz, Christopher J. Wolfe, Justin E. Mirkarimi, Paul B. Folta, James A. Adams, John J. Menor, Marlon G. Raman, Rajesh Neilsen, Norm Norton, Mary Luthi, Ronald Teslich, Nick E. Menoni, Carmen S. Patel, Dinesh BE Lequime, M Macleod, HA Ristau, D TI Depth determination of critical fluence-limiting defects within planarized and non-planarized mirror coatings SO OPTICAL SYSTEMS DESIGN 2015: ADVANCES IN OPTICAL THIN FILMS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Systems Design - Advances in Optical Thin Films V CY SEP 07-10, 2015 CL Jena, GERMANY SP SPIE DE Damage testing; 1064-nm laser; nanosecond pulse length; thin film; multilayer mirror; ion beam sputtering; planarization ID MULTILAYER MIRRORS AB Multilayer interference optical mirror coatings are traditionally fluence-limited by nodular inclusions. Planarization of these defects modifies the geometrically and interference-induced light intensification to increase the laser resistance of mirror coatings. Previous studies using engineered defects on the substrate or buried in the middle of the coating stack have focused only on understanding the improvement in laser resistance. However, real coating defects are distributed throughout the coating. To better understand differences between the critical fluence-limiting defects of both planarized and non-planarized mirror coatings, laser damage pit depths were determined as a function of laser fluence. C1 [Stolz, Christopher J.; Wolfe, Justin E.; Mirkarimi, Paul B.; Folta, James A.; Adams, John J.; Menor, Marlon G.; Raman, Rajesh; Neilsen, Norm; Norton, Mary; Luthi, Ronald; Teslich, Nick E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Menoni, Carmen S.; Patel, Dinesh] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Stolz, CJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-460, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM Carmen.Menoni@colostate.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-816-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9627 AR 96271C DI 10.1117/12.2197349 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BE0SD UT WOS:000366808700034 ER PT J AU Yan, S Jin, JM Wang, CF Kotulski, J AF Yan, Su Jin, Jian-Ming Wang, Chao-Fu Kotulski, Joseph TI Numerical Study of a Time-Domain Finite Element Method for Nonlinear Magnetic Problems in Three Dimensions SO PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH-PIER LA English DT Article ID VECTOR WAVE-EQUATION; ABSORBING BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; HYSTERESIS; ORDER; MODEL AB In this work, numerical analysis of nonlinear ferromagnetic problems is presented using the three-dimensional time-domain finite element method (TDFEM). Formulated with the second-order nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) combined with the inverse Jiles-Atherton (J-A) vector hysteresis model, the nonlinear problems are solved in the time domain with the Newton-Raphson method. To solve the ordinary differential equation (ODE) representing the magnetic hysteresis accurately and efficiently, several ODE solvers are specifically designed and investigated. To improve the computational efficiency of the Newton-Raphson method, the multi-dimensional secant methods, aka Broyden's methods, are incorporated in the nonlinear TDFEM solver. A nonuniform time-stepping scheme is also developed using the weighted residual approach to remove the requirement of a uniform time-step size during the simulation. The capability and the performance of the proposed methods are demonstrated by various numerical examples. C1 [Yan, Su; Jin, Jian-Ming] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Computat Electromagnet, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Yan, Su] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Microwave Engn, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, Peoples R China. [Wang, Chao-Fu] Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore. [Kotulski, Joseph] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Yan, S (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Computat Electromagnet, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM suyan@illinois.edu FU Sandia National Laboratories; National University of Singapore; National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [61201012]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [ZYGX2012J016] FX This work was supported in part by a grant from Sandia National Laboratories, a grant from National University of Singapore, and in part by the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Contract No. 61201012, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Contract No. ZYGX2012J016. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 5 PU E M W PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA PO BOX 425517, KENDALL SQUARE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1559-8985 J9 PROG ELECTROMAGN RES JI Prog. Electromagn. Res. PY 2015 VL 153 BP 69 EP 91 DI 10.2528/P1ER15091006 PG 23 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA CZ2ED UT WOS:000366917000006 ER PT J AU Lu, Y Poole, JE Aytug, T Meyer, HM Ozcana, S AF Lu, Yuan Poole, Joseph E., II Aytug, Tolga Meyer, Harry M., III Ozcana, Soydan TI Tunable morphologies of indium tin oxide nanostructures using nanocellulose templates SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL CELLULOSE; GAS SENSORS; FILMS; NANOPARTICLES; TEMPERATURE; DEPOSITION; TIO2; TRANSPARENT; PARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS AB Metal oxide nanostructures have emerged as an important family of materials for various device applications. The performance is highly dependent on the morphology of the metal oxide nanostructures. Here we report a completely green approach to prepare indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles using only water and cellulose nanofibril (CNF) in addition to the ITO precursor. Surface hydroxyl groups of the CNFs allow for efficient conjugation of ITO precursors (e.g., metal ions) in aqueous solution. The resulting CNF film allows for controllable spatial arrangement of metal oxide precursors, which results in tunable particle morphology (e.g., nanowires, nanospheres, and octahedral nanoparticles). These ITO nanoparticles can also form conductive and transparent ITO films. This work opens a new perspective on developing metal oxide nanostructures. C1 [Lu, Yuan; Poole, Joseph E., II; Meyer, Harry M., III; Ozcana, Soydan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Aytug, Tolga] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM yuan.lv@gmail.com OI Ozcan, Soydan/0000-0002-3825-4589 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory; US Department of Agriculture Forest Products Laboratory FX This research was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy. The authors also wish to acknowledge the support of the US Department of Agriculture Forest Products Laboratory and its staff. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 125 BP 103680 EP 103685 DI 10.1039/c5ra23054c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CY5QA UT WOS:000366461000089 ER PT J AU Vigil, JA Lambert, TN AF Vigil, Julian A. Lambert, Timothy N. TI Nanostructured cobalt phosphide-based films as bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-EVOLUTION REACTION; OXYGEN EVOLUTION; COP; CATALYST; NANOTUBES; CATHODE; PH AB Nanostructured cobalt phosphide-based films were prepared using a simple, three-step electrodeposition-thermal annealing-phosphidation method. The films are effective electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic and alkaline electrolytes, and the oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolyte. A symmetrical alkaline electrolysis cell with low overpotential of 0.41-0.51 V was demonstrated. C1 [Vigil, Julian A.; Lambert, Timothy N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Mat Devices & Energy Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lambert, TN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Mat Devices & Energy Technol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tnlambe@sandia.gov FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories, a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Dr Michael Brumbach, Ms Bonnie McKenzie, Dr Mark Rodriguez, and Ms Suzanne White are thanked for their technical assistance. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 128 BP 105814 EP 105819 DI 10.1039/c5ra24562a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CZ2WL UT WOS:000366965200039 ER PT J AU Byles, BW West, P Cullen, DA More, KL Pomerantseva, E AF Byles, B. W. West, P. Cullen, D. A. More, K. L. Pomerantseva, E. TI Todorokite-type manganese oxide nanowires as an intercalation cathode for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID OCTAHEDRAL MOLECULAR-SIEVES; RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; CRYSTAL WATER; MAGNESIUM; MNO2; PERFORMANCE; ALPHA-MNO2; INSERTION; CAPACITY AB Extended hydrothermal treatment at an elevated temperature of 220 degrees C allowed high yield synthesis of manganese oxide nanowires with a todorokite crystal structure suitable for ions intercalation. The flexible, high aspect ratio nanowires are 50-100 nm in diameter and up to several microns long, with 3 x 3 structural tunnels running parallel to the nanowire longitudinal axis. The tunnels are occupied by magnesium ions and water molecules, with the chemical composition found to be Mg0.2MnO2 center dot 0.5H(2)O. The todorokite nanowires were, for the first time, electrochemically tested in both Li-ion and Na-ion cells. A first discharge capacity of 158 mA h g(-1) was achieved in a Na-ion system, which was found to be greater than the first discharge capacity in a Li-ion system (133 mA h g(-1)). Despite large structural tunnel dimensions, todorokite showed a significant first cycle capacity loss in a Na-ion battery. After 20 cycles, the capacity was found to stabilize around 50 mA h g(-1) and remained at this level for 100 cycles. In a Li-ion system, todorokite nanowires showed significantly better capacity retention with 78% of its initial capacity remaining after 100 cycles. Rate capability tests also showed superior performance of todorokite nanowires in Li-ion cells compared to Na-ion cells at higher current rates. These results highlight the difference in electrochemical cycling behavior of Li-ion and Na-ion batteries for a host material with spacious 3 x 3 tunnels tailored for large Na+ ion intercalation. C1 [Byles, B. W.; West, P.; Pomerantseva, E.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Cullen, D. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [More, K. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pomerantseva, E (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3231 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM epomeran@coe.drexel.edu RI More, Karren/A-8097-2016; OI More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097; Cullen, David/0000-0002-2593-7866 FU Drexel University; AJ Drexel Nanomaterials Institute; ORNL's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), Dept. of Energy, Office of Science User Facility FX This work was supported by Drexel University start-up funds. We would like to acknowledge Drexel's Centralized Research Facilities for assistance in materials characterization, and Prof. Yury Gogotsi and the AJ Drexel Nanomaterials Institute for their help and support. We would also like to acknowledge Prof. Christopher Li and Ziyin Huang from the So. Materials Group at Drexel University for carrying out TGA experiments. STEM analysis was performed through a user project supported by ORNL's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), which is a Dept. of Energy, Office of Science User Facility. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 34 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 128 BP 106265 EP 106271 DI 10.1039/c5ra20624c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CZ2WL UT WOS:000366965200098 ER PT J AU Cho, H Yang, X Venturi, D Karniadakis, GE AF Cho, H. Yang, X. Venturi, D. Karniadakis, G. E. TI ALGORITHMS FOR PROPAGATING UNCERTAINTY ACROSS HETEROGENEOUS DOMAINS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE multiscale stochastic modeling; Schwarz methods; parallel domain decomposition; dimensionality reduction ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; STOCHASTIC COLLOCATION METHOD; ADVECTIVE-REACTIVE TRANSPORT; GENERALIZED POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; RANDOM INPUT DATA; LATTICE SYSTEMS; PDF EQUATIONS; POROUS-MEDIA; DECOMPOSITION; OPTIMIZATION AB We address an important research area in stochastic multiscale modeling, namely, the propagation of uncertainty across heterogeneous domains characterized by partially correlated processes with vastly different correlation lengths. This class of problems arises very often when computing stochastic PDEs and particle models with stochastic/stochastic domain interaction but also with stochastic/deterministic coupling. The domains may be fully embedded, adjacent, or partially overlapping. The fundamental open question we address is the construction of proper transmission boundary conditions that preserve global statistical properties of the solution across different subdomains. Often, the codes that model different parts of the domains are black box and hence a domain decomposition technique is required. No rigorous theory or even effective empirical algorithms have yet been developed for this purpose, although interfaces defined in terms of functionals of random fields (e.g., multipoint cumulants) can overcome the computationally prohibitive problem of preserving sample-path continuity across domains. The key idea of the different methods we propose relies on combining local reduced-order representations of random fields with multilevel domain decomposition. Specifically, we propose two new algorithms: The first one enforces the continuity of the conditional mean and variance of the solution across adjacent subdomains by using Schwarz iterations. The second algorithm is based on PDE-constrained multiobjective optimization, and it allows us to set more general interface conditions. The effectiveness of these new algorithms is demonstrated in numerical examples involving elliptic problems with random diffusion coefficients, stochastically advected scalar fields, and nonlinear advection-reaction problems with random reaction rates. C1 [Cho, H.; Karniadakis, G. E.] Brown Univ, Div Appl Math, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Yang, X.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Venturi, D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Cho, H (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Appl Math, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM heyrim.cho@brown.edu; xiu.yang@brown.edu; venturi@Aucsc.edu; georgekarniadakis@brown.edu FU ARO grant [W911NF-14-1-0425]; AFOSR grant [FA9550-14-1-0212]; ARL grant [W911NF-12-2-0023] FX This work was supported by ARO grant W911NF-14-1-0425, AFOSR grant FA9550-14-1-0212, ARL grant W911NF-12-2-0023. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2015 VL 37 IS 6 BP A3030 EP A3054 DI 10.1137/140992060 PG 25 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA CZ3QP UT WOS:000367019400023 ER PT J AU Szyld, DB Vecharynski, E Xue, F AF Szyld, Daniel B. Vecharynski, Eugene Xue, Fei TI PRECONDITIONED EIGENSOLVERS FOR LARGE-SCALE NONLINEAR HERMITIAN EIGENPROBLEMS WITH VARIATIONAL CHARACTERIZATIONS. II. INTERIOR EIGENVALUES SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE preconditioned eigensolver; interior eigenvalues; nonlinear Hermitian eigenproblem; variational principle; PLMR; refined projection ID JACOBI-DAVIDSON METHOD; INDEFINITE LINEAR-SYSTEMS; MATRIX POLYNOMIALS; INVARIANT PAIRS; ARNOLDI METHOD; ALGORITHMS; ITERATION; EIGENPAIRS AB We consider the solution of large-scale nonlinear algebraic Hermitian eigenproblems of the form T(lambda)v = 0 that admit a variational characterization of eigenvalues. These problems arise in a variety of applications and are generalizations of linear Hermitian eigenproblems Av = lambda Bv. In this paper, we propose a preconditioned locally minimal residual (PLMR) method for efficiently computing interior eigenvalues of problems of this type. We discuss the development of search subspaces, preconditioning, and eigenpair extraction procedures based on the refined Rayleigh-Ritz projection. Extension to the block methods is presented, and a moving-window-style soft deflation is described. Numerical experiments demonstrate that PLMR methods provide a rapid and robust convergence toward interior eigenvalues. The approach is also shown to be efficient and reliable for computing a large number of extreme eigenvalues, dramatically outperforming standard preconditioned conjugate gradient methods. C1 [Szyld, Daniel B.] Temple Univ, Dept Math, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Vecharynski, Eugene] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Xue, Fei] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Math, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Szyld, DB (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Math, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM szyld@temple.edu; evecharynski@lbl.gov; fxue@louisiana.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMS-1115520, DMS-1418882, DMS-1419100] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grants DMS-1115520, DMS-1418882, and DMS-1419100. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2015 VL 37 IS 6 BP A2969 EP A2997 DI 10.1137/15M1016096 PG 29 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA CZ3QP UT WOS:000367019400021 ER PT S AU Allmond, JM Stuchbery, AE Galindo-Uribarri, A Padilla-Rodal, E Radford, DC Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Howard, ME Liang, JF Manning, B Pain, SD Stone, NJ Varner, RL Yu, CH AF Allmond, J. M. Stuchbery, A. E. Galindo-Uribarri, A. Padilla-Rodal, E. Radford, D. C. Batchelder, J. C. Bingham, C. R. Howard, M. E. Liang, J. F. Manning, B. Pain, S. D. Stone, N. J. Varner, R. L. Yu, C. -H. BE PadillaRodal, E TI Nuclear Structure Studies in the Sn-132 Region: "Safe Coulex" with Carbon Targets SO XXXVIII SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS (COCOYOC 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Symposium on Nuclear Physics (Cocoyoc) CY JAN 06-09, 2015 CL Cocoyoc, MEXICO SP Coordinac Investigac Cient, UNAM, Div Fisica Nucl, SMF, Instituto Ciencias Nucleares, UNAM, Instituto Fisica, UNAM AB The collective and single-particle structure of nuclei in the Sn-132 region was recently studied by Coulomb excitation and heavy-ion induced transfer reactions using carbon, beryllium, and titanium targets. In particular, Coulomb excitation was used determine a complete set of electromagnetic moments for the first 2(+) states and one-neutron transfer was used to probe the purity and evolution of single-neutron states. These recent experiments were conducted at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility at ORNL using a CsI-HPGe detector array (BareBall-CLARION) to detect scattered particles and emitted gamma rays from the in-beam reactions. A Bragg-curve detector was used to measure the energy loss of the various beams through the targets and to measure the radioactive beam compositions. A sample of the Coulomb excitation results is presented here with an emphasis placed on Sn-116. In particular, the "safe Coulex" criterion for carbon targets will be analyzed and discussed. C1 [Allmond, J. M.; Galindo-Uribarri, A.; Radford, D. C.; Bingham, C. R.; Liang, J. F.; Pain, S. D.; Varner, R. L.; Yu, C. -H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Stuchbery, A. E.] Australian Natl Univ, RSPE, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Galindo-Uribarri, A.; Bingham, C. R.; Stone, N. J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Padilla-Rodal, E.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Batchelder, J. C.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, UNIRIB, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Howard, M. E.; Manning, B.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Stone, N. J.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Allmond, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM allmondjm@ornl.go RI Pain, Steven/E-1188-2011; OI Pain, Steven/0000-0003-3081-688X; Allmond, James Mitchell/0000-0001-6533-8721 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 639 AR 012007 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/639/1/012007 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BE0TD UT WOS:000366895300007 ER PT S AU Garrett, PE Radich, AJ Allmond, JM Andreoiu, C Ball, GC Bender, PC Bianco, L Bildstein, V Bidaman, H Braid, R Burbadge, C Chagnon-Lessard, S Cross, DS Deng, G Demand, GA Varela, AD Dunlop, MR Dunlop, R Finlay, P Garnsworthy, AB Grinyer, GF Hackman, G Hadinia, B Ilyushkin, S Jigmeddorj, B Kisliuk, D Kuhn, K Laffoley, AT Leach, KG MacLean, AD Michetti-Wilson, J Miller, D Moore, W Olaizola, B Orce, JN Pearson, CJ Pore, JL Rajabali, MM Rand, ET Sarazin, F Smith, JK Starosta, K Sumithrarachchi, CS Svensson, CE Triambak, S Turko, J Wang, ZM Wood, JL Wong, J Williams, SJ Yates, SW Zganjar, EF AF Garrett, P. E. Radich, A. J. Allmond, J. M. Andreoiu, C. Ball, G. C. Bender, P. C. Bianco, L. Bildstein, V. Bidaman, H. Braid, R. Burbadge, C. Chagnon-Lessard, S. Cross, D. S. Deng, G. Demand, G. A. Varela, A. Diaz Dunlop, M. R. Dunlop, R. Finlay, P. Garnsworthy, A. B. Grinyer, G. F. Hackman, G. Hadinia, B. Ilyushkin, S. Jigmeddorj, B. Kisliuk, D. Kuhn, K. Laffoley, A. T. Leach, K. G. MacLean, A. D. Michetti-Wilson, J. Miller, D. Moore, W. Olaizola, B. Orce, J. N. Pearson, C. J. Pore, J. L. Rajabali, M. M. Rand, E. T. Sarazin, F. Smith, J. K. Starosta, K. Sumithrarachchi, C. S. Svensson, C. E. Triambak, S. Turko, J. Wang, Z. M. Wood, J. L. Wong, J. Williams, S. J. Yates, S. W. Zganjar, E. F. BE PadillaRodal, E TI Far From 'Easy' Spectroscopy with the 8 pi and GRIFFIN Spectrometers at TRIUMF-ISAC SO XXXVIII SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS (COCOYOC 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Symposium on Nuclear Physics (Cocoyoc) CY JAN 06-09, 2015 CL Cocoyoc, MEXICO SP Coordinac Investigac Cient, UNAM, Div Fisica Nucl, SMF, Instituto Ciencias Nucleares, UNAM, Instituto Fisica, UNAM ID NUCLEAR-STRUCTURE; TIGRESS AB The 8 pi spectrometer, installed at the TRIUMF-ISAC facility, was the world's most sensitive gamma-ray spectrometer dedicated to beta-decay studies. A description is given of the 8 pi spectrometer and its auxiliary detectors including the plastic scintillator array SCEPTAR used for beta-particle tagging and the Si(Li) array PACES for conversion electron measurements, its moving tape collector, and its data acquisition system. The recent investigation of the decay of Cs-124 to study the nuclear structure of Xe-124, and how the beta-decay measurements complemented previous Coulomb excitation studies, is highlighted, including the extraction of the deformation parameters for the excited 0(+) bands in Xe-124. As a by-product, the decay scheme of the (7(+)) Cs-124 isomeric state, for which the data from the PACES detectors were vital, was studied. Finally, a description of the new GRIFFIN spectrometer, which uses the same auxiliary detectors as the 8 pi spectrometer, is given. C1 [Garrett, P. E.; Radich, A. J.; Bianco, L.; Bildstein, V.; Bidaman, H.; Burbadge, C.; Chagnon-Lessard, S.; Deng, G.; Demand, G. A.; Varela, A. Diaz; Dunlop, M. R.; Dunlop, R.; Finlay, P.; Grinyer, G. F.; Hadinia, B.; Jigmeddorj, B.; Kisliuk, D.; Laffoley, A. T.; Leach, K. G.; MacLean, A. D.; Michetti-Wilson, J.; Olaizola, B.; Rand, E. T.; Sumithrarachchi, C. S.; Svensson, C. E.; Turko, J.; Wong, J.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Allmond, J. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Andreoiu, C.; Cross, D. S.; Leach, K. G.; Pore, J. L.; Starosta, K.; Wang, Z. M.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Ball, G. C.; Bender, P. C.; Garnsworthy, A. B.; Hackman, G.; Leach, K. G.; Miller, D.; Orce, J. N.; Pearson, C. J.; Rajabali, M. M.; Smith, J. K.; Triambak, S.; Wang, Z. M.; Williams, S. J.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Braid, R.; Ilyushkin, S.; Kuhn, K.; Moore, W.; Sarazin, F.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Orce, J. N.; Triambak, S.] Univ Western Cape, Dept Phys, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. [Triambak, S.] iThemba LABS, ZA-7129 Somerset West, South Africa. [Wood, J. L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Yates, S. W.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Yates, S. W.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Zganjar, E. F.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Garrett, PE (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM pgarrett@physics.uoguelph.ca NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 639 AR 012006 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/639/1/012006 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BE0TD UT WOS:000366895300006 ER PT J AU Bombardi, RJ Zhu, JS Marx, L Huang, BH Chen, H Lu, J Krishnamurthy, L Krishnamurthy, V Colfescu, I Kinter, JL Kumar, A Hu, ZZ Moorthi, S Tripp, P Wu, XR Schneider, EK AF Bombardi, Rodrigo J. Zhu, Jieshun Marx, Lawrence Huang, Bohua Chen, Hua Lu, Jian Krishnamurthy, Lakshmi Krishnamurthy, V. Colfescu, Ioana Kinter, James L., III Kumar, Arun Hu, Zeng-Zhen Moorthi, Shrinivas Tripp, Patrick Wu, Xingren Schneider, Edwin K. TI Evaluation of the CFSv2 CMIP5 decadal predictions SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Decadal forecast and prediction; Skill; Biases; CFSv2; CMIP5; Volcanic forcing ID OCEAN HEAT-CONTENT; CLIMATE PREDICTION; TEMPERATURE; REANALYSIS; SKILL; MODEL AB Retrospective decadal forecasts were undertaken using the Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) as part of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5. Decadal forecasts were performed separately by the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and by the Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies (COLA), with the centers using two different analyses for the ocean initial conditions the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and the NEMOVAR-COMBINE analysis. COLA also examined the sensitivity to the inclusion of forcing by specified volcanic aerosols. Biases in the CFSv2 for both sets of initial conditions include cold midlatitude sea surface temperatures, and rapid melting of sea ice associated with warm polar oceans. Forecasts from the NEMOVAR-COMBINE analysis showed strong weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), eventually approaching the weaker AMOC associated with CFSR. The decadal forecasts showed high predictive skill over the Indian, the western Pacific, and the Atlantic Oceans and low skill over the central and eastern Pacific. The volcanic forcing shows only small regional differences in predictability of surface temperature at 2m (T2m) in comparison to forecasts without volcanic forcing, especially over the Indian Ocean. An ocean heat content (OHC) budget analysis showed that the OHC has substantial memory, indicating potential for the decadal predictability of T2m; however, the model has a systematic drift in global mean OHC. The results suggest that the reduction of model biases may be the most productive path towards improving the model's decadal forecasts. C1 [Bombardi, Rodrigo J.; Huang, Bohua; Chen, Hua; Krishnamurthy, Lakshmi; Colfescu, Ioana; Kinter, James L., III; Schneider, Edwin K.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. [Zhu, Jieshun; Marx, Lawrence; Huang, Bohua; Krishnamurthy, V.; Kinter, James L., III; Schneider, Edwin K.] Inst Global Environm & Soc, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA. [Lu, Jian] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA USA. [Kumar, Arun; Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Moorthi, Shrinivas; Tripp, Patrick; Wu, Xingren] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. RP Bombardi, RJ (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. EM rbombard@gmu.edu RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011; Kinter, James/A-8610-2015; OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400; Kinter, James/0000-0002-6277-0559; Zhu, Jieshun/0000-0002-1508-9808 FU National Science Foundation [NSF 0830068]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA NA09OAR4310058]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NASA NNX09AN50G] FX The authors thank the support from the National Science Foundation (NSF 0830068), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA NA09OAR4310058), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA NNX09AN50G). We thank Dr. Magdalena A. Balmaseda, Dr. Chris Bretherton, and the two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions for the improvement of this manuscript. We also thank Dr. Magdalena A. Balmaseda for providing the COMBINE-NV initial conditions for the CFS_v2. We thank the ECMWF for providing the COMBINE-NV reanalysis data. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 44 IS 1-2 BP 543 EP 557 DI 10.1007/s00382-014-2360-9 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AY6ZF UT WOS:000347710400027 ER PT J AU Huang, BH Zhu, JS Marx, L Wu, XR Kumar, A Hu, ZZ Balmaseda, MA Zhang, SQ Lu, J Schneider, EK Kinter, JL AF Huang, Bohua Zhu, Jieshun Marx, Lawrence Wu, Xingren Kumar, Arun Hu, Zeng-Zhen Balmaseda, Magdalena A. Zhang, Shaoqing Lu, Jian Schneider, Edwin K. Kinter, James L., III TI Climate drift of AMOC, North Atlantic salinity and arctic sea ice in CFSv2 decadal predictions SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Climate drift; Decadal prediction; Atlantic meridional overturning circulation; North Atlantic salinity; Arctic sea ice ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; SYSTEM VERSION 2; FORECAST SYSTEM; GLOBAL OCEAN; NCEP; SIMULATIONS; VARIABILITY; SKILL; HEAT AB There are potential advantages to extending operational seasonal forecast models to predict decadal variability but major efforts are required to assess the model fidelity for this task. In this study, we examine the North Atlantic climate simulated by the NCEP Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), using a set of ensemble decadal hindcasts and several 30-year simulations initialized from realistic ocean- atmosphere states. It is found that a substantial climate drift occurs in the first few years of the CFSv2 hindcasts, which represents a major systematic bias and may seriously affect the model's fidelity for decadal prediction. In particular, it is noted that a major reduction of the upper ocean salinity in the northern North Atlantic weakens the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) significantly. This freshening is likely caused by the excessive freshwater transport from the Arctic Ocean and weakened subtropical water transport by the North Atlantic Current. A potential source of the excessive freshwater is the quick melting of sea ice, which also causes unrealistically thin ice cover in the Arctic Ocean. Our sensitivity experiments with adjusted sea ice albedo parameters produce a sustainable ice cover with realistic thickness distribution. It also leads to a moderate increase of the AMOC strength. This study suggests that a realistic freshwater balance, including a proper sea ice feedback, is crucial for simulating the North Atlantic climate and its variability. C1 [Huang, Bohua; Schneider, Edwin K.; Kinter, James L., III] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Atmosphere Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Huang, Bohua; Zhu, Jieshun; Marx, Lawrence; Schneider, Edwin K.; Kinter, James L., III] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, VA USA. [Wu, Xingren] Natl Ctr Environm Predict NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Kumar, Arun; Hu, Zeng-Zhen] Natl Ctr Environm Predict NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Balmaseda, Magdalena A.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England. [Zhang, Shaoqing] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lu, Jian] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Huang, BH (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Atmosphere Ocean & Earth Sci, Mail Stop 6C5, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM bhuang@gmu.edu RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011; Kinter, James/A-8610-2015; OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400; Kinter, James/0000-0002-6277-0559; Zhu, Jieshun/0000-0002-1508-9808 FU NSF [ATM-0830068]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310058]; NASA [NNX-09AN50G] FX We thank Dr. J. Shukla for his support and advice on this project. We also thank Dr. S. Corti and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. The GMU/COLA scientists are supported by grants from NSF (ATM-0830068), NOAA (NA09OAR4310058), and NASA (NNX- 09AN50G). We acknowledge NCEP's assistance in porting the CFSv2 code to the computing platforms at the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) division. We are also grateful to ECMWF for providing the COMBINE-NEMOVAR ocean reanalysis. Computing resources respectively provided by NAS and the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) are gratefully acknowledged. NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 44 IS 1-2 BP 559 EP 583 DI 10.1007/s00382-014-2395-y PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AY6ZF UT WOS:000347710400026 ER PT J AU Goodman, M AF Goodman, Maury TI The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment SO ADVANCES IN HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Review AB The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a worldwide effort to construct a next-generation long-baseline neutrino experiment based at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. It is a merger of previous efforts and other interested parties to build, operate, and exploit a staged 40 kt liquid argon detector at the Sanford Underground Research Facility 1300 km from Fermilab, and a high precision near detector, exposed to a 1.2 MW, tunable nu beam produced by the PIP-II upgrade by 2024, evolving to a power of 2.3 MW by 2030. The neutrino oscillation physics goals and the status of the collaboration and project are summarized in this paper. C1 [Goodman, Maury] DUNE Collaborat, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Goodman, M (reprint author), DUNE Collaborat, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM maury.goodman@anl.gov FU SCOAP3 FX The publication of this article was funded by SCOAP3. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-7357 EI 1687-7365 J9 ADV HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI Adv. High. Energy Phys. PY 2015 AR 256351 DI 10.1155/2015/256351 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA CZ1DZ UT WOS:000366847300001 ER PT B AU Clark, SE Gronlund, SD AF Clark, Steven E. Gronlund, Scott D. BE Raaijmakers, JGW Criss, AH Goldstone, RL Nosofsky, RM Steyvers, M TI The Development and Evolution of Theory in Eyewitness Identification SO COGNITIVE MODELING IN PERCEPTION AND MEMORY: A FESTSCHRIFT FOR RICHARD M. SHIFFRIN SE Psychology Press Festschrift Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cognitive Modeling in Perception and Memory - Festschrift in Honor of Richard M. Shiffrin CY MAY, 2012 CL Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN HO Indiana Univ ID OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSIS; RECOGNITION MEMORY; SEQUENTIAL LINEUP; DISTINGUISHING ACCURATE; RELATIVE JUDGMENTS; DECISION-PROCESSES; RESPONSE LATENCY; PROBATIVE VALUE; MODEL; INFORMATION C1 [Clark, Steven E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Psychol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Clark, Steven E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Presley Ctr Crime & Justice Studies, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Clark, Steven E.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Gronlund, Scott D.] Univ Oklahoma, Psychol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gronlund, Scott D.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gronlund, Scott D.] APS, Washington, DC USA. [Gronlund, Scott D.] Psychon Soc, Madison, WI USA. RP Clark, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Psychol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH ROAD, HOVE BN3 2FA, E SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN 978-1-315-88558-2; 978-0-415-70938-5 J9 PSYCHOL PR FESTSCHR PY 2015 BP 245 EP 258 PG 14 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA BE0SG UT WOS:000366823800016 ER PT J AU Liu, YY Dong, SK Kuhlenschmidt, MS Kuhlenschmidt, TB Drnevich, J Nguyen, TH AF Liu, Yuanyuan Dong, Shengkun Kuhlenschmidt, Mark S. Kuhlenschmidt, Theresa B. Drnevich, Jenny Nguyen, Thanh H. TI Inactivation mechanisms of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts by solar ultraviolet irradiation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISINFECTION PROCESS SODIS; WATER DISINFECTION; DRINKING-WATER; SINGLET OXYGEN; ORGANIC-MATTER; QUANTUM YIELDS; MS2 COLIPHAGE; SURFACE-WATER; HUMAN VIRUSES; UV-B AB Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts have been known to cause adverse health effects worldwide, and processes that contribute to their inactivation have gained wide attention in recent years. Solar inactivation is an important process that can improve surface water quality. Solar disinfection (SODIS) can be used to disinfect water as a point-of-use alternative, and disinfect wastewater in waste stabilization ponds. However, a clear understanding of the oocyst solar inactivation mechanisms is lacking. This study systematically investigated the oocyst solar inactivation mechanisms in the presence of a wide range of environmental factors and also provided an insight on the metabolic response of oocysts using the microarray analysis. The result revealed that oocyst inactivation by solar UVA/visible light was dominated by UVA-induced internal radical damages and was sensitive to both the temperature and the oocyst source. External radical producing sensitizers did not enhance the UVA/visible light inactivation of oocysts due to the protection by the oocyst wall. In contrast, UVB was found to directly damage the oocyst genome, ensuring an effective inactivation that correlated only with UV fluence after being corrected for light screening regardless of the oocyst source, temperature, and the presence of external sensitizers. Further microarray analysis suggested that the effective UVB inactivation could be explained by the down-regulation of most of the genes responsible for cellular metabolic activities and the lack of expression of stress protection mechanisms in oocysts after 30 minutes of UVB exposure. These results facilitate the understanding and design of water and wastewater treatment processes that involve natural sunlight exposure. C1 [Liu, Yuanyuan; Dong, Shengkun; Nguyen, Thanh H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Liu, Yuanyuan] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kuhlenschmidt, Mark S.; Kuhlenschmidt, Theresa B.] Univ Illinois, Dept Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Drnevich, Jenny] Univ Illinois, High Performance Biol Comp Grp, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Drnevich, Jenny] Univ Illinois, Carver Biotechnol Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Liu, YY (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM Yuanyuan.Liu@pnnl.gov; sdong6@illinois.edu; kuhlensc@illinois.edu; tkuhlens@illinois.edu; drnevich@illinois.edu; thn@illinois.edu RI Liu, Yuanyuan/L-1369-2016 OI Liu, Yuanyuan/0000-0001-6076-9733 FU NSF Career grant [0954501] FX This work was supported by NSF Career grant #0954501. We acknowledge Dr. Mark Band and the Functional Genomics Unit of the Carver Biotechnology Center at the University of Illinois for microarray hybridizations. Professor Zhu from Texas A& M and Professor Zhou from UC Davis are acknowledged for allowing us to obtain the array design from Agilent. Ofelia Romero-Maraccini is acknowledged for her intellectual input. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2053-1400 EI 2053-1419 J9 ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES JI Environ. Sci.-Wat. Res. Technol. PY 2015 VL 1 IS 2 BP 188 EP 198 DI 10.1039/c4ew00079j PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CZ1UM UT WOS:000366891000008 ER PT J AU El-Khoury, PZ Johnson, GE Novikova, IV Gong, Y Joly, AG Evans, JE Zamkov, M Laskin, J Hess, WP AF El-Khoury, Patrick Z. Johnson, Grant E. Novikova, Irina V. Gong, Yu Joly, Alan G. Evans, James E. Zamkov, Mikhail Laskin, Julia Hess, Wayne P. TI Enhanced Raman scattering from aromatic dithiols electrosprayed into plasmonic nanojunctions SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL PROPERTIES; SILVER ELECTRODE; SURFACE; DENSITY; SPECTROSCOPY; FIELDS; MOLECULES; SPECTRA; ORIGIN; NANOPARTICLES AB We describe surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) experiments in which molecular coverage is systematically varied from 3.8 x 10(5) to 3.8 x 10(2) to 0.38 molecules per mu m(2) using electrospray deposition of ethanolic 4,4'-dimercaptostilbene (DMS) solutions. The plasmonic SERS substrate used herein consists of a well-characterized 2-dimensional (2D) array of silver nanospheres (see El-Khoury et al., J. Chem. Phys., 2014, 141, 214308), previously shown to feature uniform topography and plasmonic response, as well as intense SERS activity. When compared to their ensemble averaged analogues, the spatially and temporally averaged spectra of a single molecule exhibit several unique features including: (i) distinct relative intensities of the observable Raman-active vibrational states, (ii) more pronounced SERS backgrounds, and (iii) broader Raman lines indicative of faster vibrational dephasing. The first observation may be understood on the basis of an intuitive physical picture in which the removal of averaging over multiple molecules exposes the tensorial nature of Raman scattering. When an oriented single molecule gives rise to the recorded SERS spectra, the relative orientation of the molecule with respect to vector components of the local electric field determines the relative intensities of the observable vibrational states. Using a single molecule SERS framework, described herein, we derive a unique molecular orientation in which a single DMS molecule is isolated at a nanojunction formed between two silver nanospheres in the 2D array. The DMS molecule is found lying nearly flat with respect to the metal. The derived orientation of a single molecule at a plasmonic nanojunction is consistent with observations (ii) and (iii). In particular, a careful inspection of the temporal spectral variations along the recorded single molecule SERS time sequences reveals that the time-averaged SERS backgrounds arise from individual molecular events, marked by broadened SERS signatures. We assign the broadened spectra along the SERS time sequence - which sum up to a SERS background in the averaged spectra - to instances in which the pi-framework of the DMS molecule is parallel to the metal at a classical plasmonic nanojunction. This also accounts for Raman line broadening as a result of fast vibrational dephasing, and driven by molecular reorientation at a plasmonic nanojunction. Furthermore, we report on the molecular orientation dependence of single molecule SERS enhancement factors. We find that in the case of a single DMS molecule isolated at a plasmonic nanojunction, molecular orientation may affect the derived single molecule SERS enhancement factor by up to 5 orders of magnitude. Taking both chemical effects as well as molecular orientation into account, we were able to estimate a single molecule enhancement factor of similar to 10(10) in our measurements. C1 [El-Khoury, Patrick Z.; Johnson, Grant E.; Gong, Yu; Joly, Alan G.; Laskin, Julia; Hess, Wayne P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Phys Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Novikova, Irina V.; Evans, James E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Zamkov, Mikhail] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. [Zamkov, Mikhail] Bowling Green State Univ, Ctr Photochem Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP El-Khoury, PZ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Phys Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM patrick.elkhoury@pnnl.gov; wayne.hess@pnnl.gov RI Laskin, Julia/H-9974-2012; Gong, Yu /I-9950-2014; OI Laskin, Julia/0000-0002-4533-9644; Gong, Yu /0000-0002-9357-9503; Johnson, Grant/0000-0003-3352-4444 FU US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences Biosciences; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program (LDRD) through a Linus Pauling Fellowship at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX WPH, JL, AGJ, YG, and GEJ acknowledge support from the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences. PZE acknowledges support from the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program (LDRD) through a Linus Pauling Fellowship at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), an allocation of computing time from the National Science Foundation (TG-CHE130003), and the use of the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment. A portion of the work was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. This work also benefitted from PNNL Institutional Computing resources. PNNL is a multiprogram national laboratory operated for DOE by Battelle. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 EI 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2015 VL 184 BP 339 EP 357 DI 10.1039/c5fd00036j PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CY6WF UT WOS:000366548800022 PM 26406784 ER PT J AU Takahashi, Y Hayasaka, Y Morita, K Kashiwabara, T Nakada, R Marcus, MA Kato, K Tanaka, K Shimizu, H AF Takahashi, Yoshio Hayasaka, Yasutaka Morita, Koichi Kashiwabara, Teruhiko Nakada, Ryoichi Marcus, Matthew A. Kato, Kenji Tanaka, Kazuya Shimizu, Hiroshi TI Transfer of rare earth elements (REE) from manganese oxides to phosphates during early diagenesis in pelagic sediments inferred from REE patterns, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and chemical leaching method SO GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE rare earth element; pelagic sediment; host phase; Mn oxides; phosphate ID NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS; AUTHIGENIC APATITE FORMATION; IGNEOUS ROCK SERIES; EAST PACIFIC RISE; REFERENCE SAMPLES; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; 1994 COMPILATION; OXIDATION-STATE; Y FRACTIONATION AB The migration of REEs in pelagic siliceous sediments were studied, especially (i) accumulation of REEs at sea floor to Mn4+ oxides, (ii) release of REEs from Mn4+ oxides accompanied with the reductive dissolution of Mn4+ oxides during early diagenesis, and (iii) incorporation and fixation of REEs released from Mn4+ oxides to phosphates such as apatite below 0.6 meters below sea floor (mbsf). These processes have been indicated by various geochemical findings: (a) chemical compositions of bulk sediment and pore water, (b) REE patterns of bulk sediment, (c) oxidation states of Ce, Mn, and Fe and host phase of Y by XANES, and (d) chemistry of specific phases such as Mn4+ oxides and apatite by means of chemical leaching, LA-ICP-MS, and XANES. The roles of Mn4+ oxides and apatite as host phases of REEs at sea floor and below 0.6 mbsf, respectively, were discussed using the chemical leaching data. Reductive dissolution of Mn4+ oxides and reduction of Ce4+ to Ce3+ with depth were revealed by direct determination of oxidation states of Mn and Ce by XANES. The transfer of REEs released by the reductive dissolution of Mn4+ oxides is strongly suggested by the presence of positive Ce anomalies in apatite at 0.80 mbsf (LA-ICP-MS) and at 1.80 mbsf (chemical leaching), which must be inherited from Mn4+ oxides which can accumulate Ce by oxidizing Ce3+ to Ce4+. This observation shows that apatite fixes the REEs with positive Ce anomaly once dissolved from Mn4+ oxides during early diagenesis. Consequently, we found that total REEs in the two phases (Mn4+ oxides and apatite) are preserved even after diagenetic alteration, because apatite fixes the most of the REEs released from Mn4+ oxides. The results indicate two geochemical implications: (i) REE abundances in apatite in sediment, which has attracted great interests in terms of REE resources, depend on the amount of REEs fixed in Mn (and Fe) oxides initially formed at the sediment surface, and then apatite finally fixes the REEs during early diagenesis; (ii) the reliability of apatite as a proxy of seawater chemistry is affected seriously by the overprint of REE signature by the diagenetic effect. However, if the contribution of REEs in Mn (and Fe) oxide is small, then the REE pattern of apatite can preserve information of the REE pattern of seawater, including the degree of Ce anomaly. C1 [Takahashi, Yoshio] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bukyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Takahashi, Yoshio; Hayasaka, Yasutaka; Morita, Koichi; Kashiwabara, Teruhiko; Nakada, Ryoichi; Shimizu, Hiroshi] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Syst Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Takahashi, Yoshio; Kashiwabara, Teruhiko] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Res & Dev R&D Ctr Submarine Resources, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Takahashi, Yoshio] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Petr Resources, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Nakada, Ryoichi] Tokyo Inst Technol, Earth Life Sci Inst, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528550, Japan. [Marcus, Matthew A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kato, Kenji] Shizuoka Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Geosci, Suruga Ku, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan. [Tanaka, Kazuya] Hiroshima Univ, Inst Sustainable Sci & Dev, Hiroshima 7398530, Japan. RP Takahashi, Y (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bukyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM ytakaha@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Takahashi, Yoshio/F-6733-2011 FU Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan FX The following colleagues are also thanked for their advice and technical assistance in the laboratory and at synchrotron facilities: H. Ishisako and Y. Shibata. This research was supported by a grant-in-aid for scientific research from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan. This work has been performed with the approval of KEK (Proposal No. 2014G058 and 2013S2-00) and JASRI (Proposal No. 2013A1290 and 2015B0118). NR 71 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 21 PU GEOCHEMICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 358-5 YAMABUKI-CHO, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 162-0801, JAPAN SN 0016-7002 EI 1880-5973 J9 GEOCHEM J JI Geochem. J. PY 2015 VL 49 IS 6 BP 653 EP 674 DI 10.2343/geochemj.2.0393 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CZ0HW UT WOS:000366786700008 ER PT S AU Baramsai, B Jandel, M Bredeweg, TA Couture, A Mosby, S Rusev, G Ullmann, JL Walker, CL AF Baramsai, B. Jandel, M. Bredeweg, T. A. Couture, A. Mosby, S. Rusev, G. Ullmann, J. L. Walker, C. L. BE Franks, L James, RB Fiederle, M Burger, A TI Characterization and testing of EJ-309 and Stilbene scintillation detectors SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XVII CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Neutron detector; Scintillator; EJ-309; Stilbene; Pulse Shape Discrimination; Wavelet Transform ID PULSE-SHAPE DISCRIMINATION AB A new neutron detector array (NEUANCE) is under development at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). After completion, NEUANCE will be installed in the central cavity of the 3.6 pi gamma-ray detector array DANCE located at the Lujan Center of LANSCE. The detector system, with simultaneous neutron and gamma-ray detection capability, will be used to study neutron-induced capture and fission reactions. The response of a EJ-309 scintillation detector to gamma-ray and neutron radiation was measured using the standard gamma-ray and Cf-252 sources. The light from the detector was collected using a Hamamatsu photomultiplier tube or a Silicon photomultiplier GEANT4 was used to understand the light output and the optical photon transport in the scintillation. The detector geometry and optimum parameters for the data acquisition system were determined based on the test results and the simulations. C1 [Baramsai, B.; Jandel, M.; Bredeweg, T. A.; Couture, A.; Mosby, S.; Rusev, G.; Ullmann, J. L.; Walker, C. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Baramsai, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bayar@lanl.gov; mjandel@lanl.gov OI Rusev, Gencho/0000-0001-7563-1518 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-759-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9593 AR 959313 DI 10.1117/12.2192436 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0MJ UT WOS:000366300100015 ER PT S AU Bell, ZW Burger, A Matei, L Groza, M Stowe, A Tower, J Kargar, A Hong, H AF Bell, Zane W. Burger, A. Matei, Liviu Groza, Michael Stowe, Ashley Tower, Joshua Kargar, Alireza Hong, Huicong BE Franks, L James, RB Fiederle, M Burger, A TI Neutron detection in LiInSe2 SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XVII CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Thermal neutron detection; neutron detectors; semiconductors; chalcogenides; semiconductor detectors ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL APPLICATIONS; CADMIUM TELLURIDE DETECTORS; MID-IR; MERCURIC IODIDE; CRYSTALS; GROWTH; TE; SE AB The detection of thermal neutrons has traditionally been accomplished with He-3-tubes, but with the recent shortage of He-3, much research has gone into finding suitable replacements. Both relatively inefficient B-10-and (LiF)-Li-6-coated silicon diodes and HgI2 have been known for many years, and engineered structures in Si that have been filled with B-10 and (LiF)-Li-6 have shown promise. These devices are intended to realize an optimal juxtaposition of neutron-sensitive material and semiconductor and thereby simulate a semiconductor containing B or Li. Such material has been realized for the first time in the form of (LiInSe2)-Li-6 in which collectable charge from the Li-6(n,t) reaction indicates a neutron event. In this paper we report neutron and gamma responses of (LiInSe2)-Li-6, we show pulse height spectra from pure gamma sources and from a thermal neutron source, and we derive the mu tau product from the position of spectral features as a function of bias voltage. In addition, we demonstrate the observation of the beta decay of In-116m in samples exposed to thermal neutrons. This feature of the response serves as an additional confirmation of exposure to neutrons. C1 [Bell, Zane W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Burger, A.; Matei, Liviu; Groza, Michael] Fisk Univ, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Stowe, Ashley] Y 12 Natl Secur Complex, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tower, Joshua; Kargar, Alireza; Hong, Huicong] Radiat Monitoring Devices Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. RP Bell, ZW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bellzw@ornl.gov OI Bell, Zane/0000-0003-1115-8674 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-759-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9593 AR 95930D DI 10.1117/12.2189418 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0MJ UT WOS:000366300100003 ER PT S AU Cherepy, NJ Seeley, ZM Payne, SA Swanberg, EL Beck, PR Schneberk, DJ Stone, G Perry, R Wihl, BM Fisher, SE Hunter, SL Thelin, PA Thompson, RR Harvey, NM Stefanik, T Kindem, J AF Cherepy, N. J. Seeley, Z. M. Payne, S. A. Swanberg, E. L. Beck, P. R. Schneberk, D. J. Stone, G. Perry, R. Wihl, B. M. Fisher, S. E. Hunter, S. L. Thelin, P. A. Thompson, R. R. Harvey, N. M. Stefanik, T. Kindem, J. BE Franks, L James, RB Fiederle, M Burger, A TI Transparent Ceramic Scintillators for Gamma Spectroscopy and MeV Imaging SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XVII CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE scintillators; gamma ray detection; transparent ceramics; radiography; X-ray imaging; garnets; bixbyites ID HISTORY; SPINEL AB We report on the development of two new mechanically rugged, high light yield transparent ceramic scintillators: (1) Ce-doped Gd-garnet for gamma spectroscopy, and (2) Eu-doped Gd-Lu-bixbyite for radiography. GYGAG(Ce) garnet transparent ceramics offer rho = 5.8g/cm(3), Z(eff) = 48, principal decay of <100 ns, and light yield of 50,000 Ph/MeV. Gd-garnet ceramic scintillators offer the best energy resolution of any oxide scintillator, as good as R(662 keV) = 3% (Si-PD readout) for small sizes and typically R(662 keV) < 5% for cubic inch sizes. For radiography, the bixbyite transparent ceramic scintillator, (Gd, Lu, Eu)(2)O-3, or "GLO," offers excellent x-ray stopping, with rho = 9.1 g/cm(3) and Z(eff) = 68. Several 10" diameter by 0.1" thickness GLO scintillators have been fabricated. GLO outperforms scintillator glass for high energy radiography, due to higher light yield (55,000 Ph/MeV) and better stopping, while providing spatial resolution of > 8 lp/mm. C1 [Cherepy, N. J.; Seeley, Z. M.; Payne, S. A.; Swanberg, E. L.; Beck, P. R.; Schneberk, D. J.; Stone, G.; Perry, R.; Wihl, B. M.; Fisher, S. E.; Hunter, S. L.; Thelin, P. A.; Thompson, R. R.; Harvey, N. M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Stefanik, T.] Nanocerox Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Kindem, J.] Cokiya Inc, San Diego, CA USA. RP Cherepy, NJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Cherepy, Nerine/F-6176-2013 OI Cherepy, Nerine/0000-0001-8561-923X NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-759-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9593 AR 95930P DI 10.1117/12.2189156 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0MJ UT WOS:000366300100010 ER PT S AU Guss, P Foster, ME Wong, BM Doty, FP Shah, K Squillante, MR Shirwadkar, U Hawrami, R Tower, J Stampahar, T Mukhopadhyay, S AF Guss, Paul Foster, Michael E. Wong, Bryan M. Doty, F. Patrick Shah, Kanai Squillante, Michael R. Shirwadkar, Urmila Hawrami, Rastgo Tower, Josh Stampahar, Thomas Mukhopadhyay, Sanjoy BE Franks, L James, RB Fiederle, M Burger, A TI Linearity response of Ca2+-doped CeBr3 as a function of gamma ray energy SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XVII CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE detector; resolution; scintillator materials; gamma ray detector; cerium tribromide; CeBr3; high-resolution detector; halides; rare-earth compounds; scintillator; gamma spectral comparison; resolution; aliovalent substitution ID DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENT; SOLID SOLUBILITY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; TEMPERATURE; IMPURITIES; ZIRCONIA AB An aliovalently calcium-doped cerium tribromide (CeBr3:Ca2+) crystal was prepared with a gamma-energy resolution (FWHM) of 3.2% at the Cs-137 662 keV gamma energy. We completed a crystal assessment and calculated the predictive performance and physical characteristics using density functional theory (DFT) formalism. Detector performance, characteristics, calcium doping concentration, and crystal strength are reported. The structural, electronic, and optical properties of CeBr3 crystals were investigated using the DFT within generalized gradient approximation. Specifically, we see excellent linearity of photons per unit energy with the aliovalent CeBr3:Ca2+ crystal. Proportionality of light yield is one area of performance in which Ce-doped and Ce-based lanthanide halides excel. Maintaining proportionality is the key to producing a strong, high-performance scintillator. Relative light yield proportionality was measured for both doped and undoped samples of CeBr3 to ensure no loss in performance was incurred by doping. The light output and proportionality for doped CeBr3, however, appears to be similar to that of undoped CeBr3. The new crystal was subjected to additional testing and evaluation, including a benchmark spectroscopy assessment. Results, which present energy resolution as a function of energy, are summarized. Typical spectroscopy results using a Cs-137 radiation source are shown for our crystallites with diameters <1 cm. We obtain energy resolution of 3.2% before packing the crystallite in a sealed detector container and 4.5% after packing. Spectra were also obtained for Am-241, Co-60, Th-228, and background to illustrate the spectrosocopic quality of CeBr3:Ca2+ over a broader energy range. C1 [Guss, Paul; Stampahar, Thomas] Natl Secur Technol LLC, Remote Sensing Lab Nellis, POB 98521,M-S RSL-09, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Foster, Michael E.; Wong, Bryan M.; Doty, F. Patrick] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Chem Mat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Shah, Kanai; Squillante, Michael R.; Shirwadkar, Urmila; Hawrami, Rastgo; Tower, Josh] Radiat Monitoring Devices Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. [Mukhopadhyay, Sanjoy] Natl Secur Technol LLC, Remote Sensing Lab Andrews, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. RP Guss, P (reprint author), Natl Secur Technol LLC, Remote Sensing Lab Nellis, POB 98521,M-S RSL-09, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM gusspp@nv.doe.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-759-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9593 AR UNSP 959304 DI 10.1117/12.2186181 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0MJ UT WOS:000366300100001 ER PT S AU Kanak, A Kopach, O Fochuk, P Shcherbak, L Nakonechnyi, I Bolotnikov, AE James, RB AF Kanak, A. Kopach, O. Fochuk, P. Shcherbak, L. Nakonechnyi, I Bolotnikov, A. E. James, R. B. BE Franks, L James, RB Fiederle, M Burger, A TI Regularities in the melting and crystallization of CdTe-Al alloys SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XVII CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE CdTe-Al; differential thermal analyses; isothermal holding; superheating; clusters AB Using differential thermal analysis, we investigated the parameters of the processes of melting and crystallization of the CdTe-Al system near the CdTe side (CdTe + 2 mol. % Al, CdTe + 4 mol. % Al, and CdTe + 6 mol. % Al). By varying the melts' intermediate isothermal holding temperature for 10, 30, and 60 minutes whilst heating them up to 1423 K, we determined the conditions needed for the melts' full homogenization. We demonstrated that increasing the Al content changes the mechanism of the melting of the CdTe phase. C1 [Kanak, A.; Kopach, O.; Fochuk, P.; Shcherbak, L.; Nakonechnyi, I] Chernivtsi Natl Univ, UA-58012 Chernovtsy, Ukraine. [Bolotnikov, A. E.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kanak, A (reprint author), Chernivtsi Natl Univ, 2 Kotsiubynskoho Str, UA-58012 Chernovtsy, Ukraine. EM fochukp@gmail.com RI Fochuk, Petro/D-9409-2016; Kopach, Oleh/C-3993-2017; Shcherbak, Larysa/D-7332-2017; OI Fochuk, Petro/0000-0002-4149-4882; Kopach, Oleh/0000-0002-1513-5261; Shcherbak, Larysa/0000-0003-1048-9818; Nakonechnyi, Igor/0000-0003-3955-2833 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-759-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9593 AR 95931B DI 10.1117/12.2187488 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0MJ UT WOS:000366300100021 ER PT S AU Rusev, G Jandel, M Baramsai, B Bond, EM Bredeweg, TA Couture, A Daum, JK Favalli, A Ianakiev, KD Iliev, ML Mosby, S Roman, AR Springs, RK Ullmann, JL Walker, CL AF Rusev, G. Jandel, M. Baramsai, B. Bond, E. M. Bredeweg, T. A. Couture, A. Daum, J. K. Favalli, A. Ianakiev, K. D. Iliev, M. L. Mosby, S. Roman, A. R. Springs, R. K. Ullmann, J. L. Walker, C. L. BE Franks, L James, RB Fiederle, M Burger, A TI Development of a thin scintillation films fission-fragment detector and a novel neutron source SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XVII CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE neutron-induced fission; spontaneous fission of Cf-252; silicon photomultipliers; plastic scintillating paint; thin scintillating films ID N,GAMMA AB Investigation of prompt fission and neutron-capture gamma rays from fissile actinide samples at the Detector for Advanced Neutron Capture Experiments (DANCE) requires use of a fission-fragment detector to provide a trigger or a veto signal. A fission-fragment detector based on thin scintillating films and silicon photomultipliers has been built to serve as a trigger/veto detector in neutron-induced fission measurements at DANCE. The fissile material is surrounded by scintillating films providing a 4 pi detection of the fission fragments. The scintillations were registered with silicon photomultipliers. A measurement of the U-235(n,f) reaction with this detector at DANCE revealed a correct time-of-flight spectrum and provided an estimate for the efficiency of the prototype detector of 11.6(7)%. Design and test measurements with the detector are described. A neutron source with fast timing has been built to help with detector-response measurements. The source is based on the neutron emission from the spontaneous fission of Cf-252 and the same type of scintillating films and silicon photomultipliers. Overall time resolution of the source is 0.3 ns. Design of the source and test measurements with it are described. An example application of the source for determining the neutron/gamma pulse-shape discrimination by a stilbene crystal is given. C1 [Rusev, G.; Jandel, M.; Baramsai, B.; Bond, E. M.; Bredeweg, T. A.; Couture, A.; Daum, J. K.; Favalli, A.; Ianakiev, K. D.; Iliev, M. L.; Mosby, S.; Roman, A. R.; Springs, R. K.; Ullmann, J. L.; Walker, C. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Daum, J. K.; Springs, R. K.] Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Rusev, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. OI Rusev, Gencho/0000-0001-7563-1518; Ianakiev, Kiril/0000-0002-5074-0715 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-759-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9593 AR 959314 DI 10.1117/12.2192440 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0MJ UT WOS:000366300100016 ER PT S AU Sklyarchuk, V Fochuk, P Rarenko, I Zakharuk, Z Sklyarchuk, OF Bolotnikov, AE James, RB AF Sklyarchuk, V. Fochuk, P. Rarenko, I. Zakharuk, Z. Sklyarchuk, O. F. Bolotnikov, A. E. James, R. B. BE Franks, L James, RB Fiederle, M Burger, A TI Influence of the thickness of a crystal on the electrical characteristics of Cd(Zn)Te detectors SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XVII CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Cd(Zn)Te; detectors; electrical characteristics; I-V curves; SCLC ID X-RAY; CDTE AB We studied the electrical characteristics of Cd(Zn)Te detectors with rectifying contacts and varying thicknesses, and established that their geometrical dimensions affect the measured electrical properties. We found that the maximum value of the operating-bias voltage and the electric field in the detector for acceptable values of the dark current can be achieved when the crystal has an optimum thickness. This finding is due to the combined effect of generation-recombination in the space-charge region and space-charge limited currents (SCLC). C1 [Sklyarchuk, V.; Fochuk, P.; Rarenko, I.; Zakharuk, Z.; Sklyarchuk, O. F.] Chernivtsi Natl Univ, UA-58012 Chernovtsy, Ukraine. [Bolotnikov, A. E.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sklyarchuk, V (reprint author), Chernivtsi Natl Univ, 2 Kotsiubynskoho Str, UA-58012 Chernovtsy, Ukraine. RI Fochuk, Petro/D-9409-2016 OI Fochuk, Petro/0000-0002-4149-4882 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-759-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9593 AR 959319 DI 10.1117/12.2187478 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0MJ UT WOS:000366300100020 ER PT S AU Zakharchenko, AA Rybka, AV Davydov, LN Kutny, VE Khazhmuradov, MA Fochuk, PM Bolotnikov, AE James, RB AF Zakharchenko, Alexandr A. Rybka, Alexandr V. Davydov, Leonid N. Kutny, Vladimir E. Khazhmuradov, Manap A. Fochuk, Petro M. Bolotnikov, Aleksey E. James, Ralph B. BE Franks, L James, RB Fiederle, M Burger, A TI Response function of planar Cd(Zn)Te detectors to beta radiation SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XVII CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Cd(Zn)Te; beta-radiation; response function; Monte-Carlo simulation; Geant4 AB We investigated the response function of a planar Cd(Zn)Te detector designed for measuring the spectra of electron energies, and assessed the response of a Cd(Zn)Te detector to radiation from a Sr-90/Y-90 reference radiation source. We compared these experimental spectra with those simulated by the Monte-Carlo method with a Geant4 package. We matched the simulated response with the experimental one using only two fitting parameters: The products of mobility and average lifetime for electrons and holes. The transport parameters of the charge carriers were verified independently through measuring the positions of the low energy Ba-133 photopeaks of the reference gamma-ray source. C1 [Zakharchenko, Alexandr A.; Rybka, Alexandr V.; Davydov, Leonid N.; Kutny, Vladimir E.; Khazhmuradov, Manap A.] Kharkov Inst Phys & Technol, Natl Sci Ctr, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Fochuk, Petro M.] Chernivtsi Natl Univ, UA-58012 Chernovtsy, Ukraine. [Bolotnikov, Aleksey E.; James, Ralph B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zakharchenko, AA (reprint author), Kharkov Inst Phys & Technol, Natl Sci Ctr, 1 Akad Skaya St, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM az@kipt.kharkov.ua RI Fochuk, Petro/D-9409-2016 OI Fochuk, Petro/0000-0002-4149-4882 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-759-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9593 AR 959318 DI 10.1117/12.2187202 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0MJ UT WOS:000366300100019 ER PT S AU Xu, N Gong, YY Wang, Q Zheng, YL Doerschuk, PC AF Xu, Nan Gong, Yunye Wang, Qiu Zheng, Yili Doerschuk, Peter C. BE Bones, PJ Fiddy, MA Millane, RP TI Characterizing heterogeneity among virus particles by stochastic 3-D signal reconstruction SO IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION FROM INCOMPLETE DATA VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Reconstruction from Incomplete Data VIII CY AUG 11-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE 3-D image reconstruction; statistical image processing; maximum likelihood estimation; expectation maximization algorithm; structural biology; virus; Hong Kong 97 ID CRYO-EM; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; VARIANCE; IMAGES AB In single-particle cryo electron microscopy, many electron microscope images each of a single instance of a biological particle such as a virus or a ribosome are measured and the 3-D electron scattering intensity of the particle is reconstructed by computation. Because each instance of the particle is imaged separately, it should be possible to characterize the heterogeneity of the different instances of the particle as well as a nominal reconstruction of the particle. In this paper, such an algorithm is described and demonstrated on the bacteriophage Hong Kong 97. The algorithm is a statistical maximum likelihood estimator computed by an expectation maximization algorithm implemented in Mat lab software. C1 [Xu, Nan; Gong, Yunye; Wang, Qiu; Doerschuk, Peter C.] Cornell Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Zheng, Yili] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Doerschuk, Peter C.] Cornell Univ, Meinig Sch Biomed Engn, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Doerschuk, PC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM nx25@cornell.edu; yg326@cornell.edu; emmawq@gmail.com; yzheng@lbl.gov; pd83@cornell.edu RI Doerschuk, Peter/A-3424-2016 OI Doerschuk, Peter/0000-0002-4517-6582 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-766-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9600 AR UNSP 96000F DI 10.1117/12.2193791 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BE0PG UT WOS:000366511900013 ER PT S AU Martin, KW Melgaard, S Cowan, VM Hubbs, J Fraser, T Sheik-Bahae, M AF Martin, K. W. Melgaard, S. Cowan, V. M. Hubbs, J. Fraser, T. Sheik-Bahae, M. BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Radiation effects on Yb:YLF crystals used in cryogenic optical refrigerators SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Optics and Photonics Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments IX CY AUG 10-11, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Optical Refrigerators; Infrared Detectors; Cryogenics; Radiation Hardening AB Optical cooling of solids is a promising and innovative method to provide cryogenic cooling to infrared sensors. Currently insulator crystals, specifically ytterbium-doped yttrium-lithium-fluoride (Yb:YLF), have shown the most promise for cooling to low temperatures. This method has demonstrated cooling below the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) cryogenic temperature definition of less than 123 K. Optical refrigeration utilizes a phenomenon called anti-Stokes fluorescence to generate cooling power. Incident laser light is absorbed by the cooling crystal and photons are spontaneously emitted at a higher, and thus more energetic, frequency. The difference in frequency is proportional to the cooling power of the crystal. Anti-Stokes cooling is highly dependent on doping percentages and YLF crystal purity and structure. Space based infrared sensors and their coolers are operated in a radiation environment where protons, gamma rays, heavy ions, and other radiation species are common and of varying severities depending on operational orbit. To ensure that radiative effects on cooling crystal performance is minimal, we irradiated two samples with 63 MeV protons to a total ionizing dose of 100 Krad (Si) and 1 Mrad (Si), and compared cooling crystal efficiency parameters before and after dosing. C1 [Martin, K. W.] A Tech Corp Dba Appl Technol Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Melgaard, S.; Sheik-Bahae, M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Melgaard, S.; Cowan, V. M.; Fraser, T.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Melgaard, S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hubbs, J.] Ball Aerosp Syst Div, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Martin, KW (reprint author), A Tech Corp Dba Appl Technol Associates, 1300 Britt St SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-782-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9616 AR 96160V DI 10.1117/12.2189843 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BE0OL UT WOS:000366495300025 ER PT S AU Reichhardt, CJO McDermott, D Reichhardt, C AF Reichhardt, C. J. Olson McDermott, D. Reichhardt, C. BE Dholakia, K Spalding, GC TI Avalanches and Plasticity for Colloids in a Time Dependent Optical Trap SO OPTICAL TRAPPING AND OPTICAL MICROMANIPULATION XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation XII CY AUG 09-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE colloids; pattern formation; optical traps ID PERIODIC ARRAYS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; MONOLAYERS; PARTICLES; CRYSTALS; LATTICES; DRIVEN; STATES; FLOW AB With the use of optical traps it is possible to con fine assemblies of colloidal particles in two-dimensional and quasione-dimensional arrays. Here we examine how colloidal particles rearrange in a quasi-one-dimensional trap with a time dependent con fining potential. The particle motion occurs both through slow elastic uniaxial distortions as well as through abrupt large-scale two-dimensional avalanches associated with plastic rearrangements. During the avalanches the particle velocity distributions extend over a broad range and can be fit to a power law consistent with other studies of plastic events mediated by dislocations. C1 [Reichhardt, C. J. Olson; McDermott, D.; Reichhardt, C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [McDermott, D.] Wabash Coll, Dept Phys, Crawfordsville, IN 47933 USA. RP Reichhardt, CJO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cjrx@lanl.gov NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-714-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9548 AR UNSP 954818 DI 10.1117/12.2188561 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0OO UT WOS:000366497300033 ER PT S AU Reichhardt, CM Ray, D Reichhardt, CJ AF Reichhardt, Charles M. Ray, Dipanjan Reichhardt, Cynthia J. BE Dholakia, K Spalding, GC TI Pattern formation for active particles on optically created ordered and disordered substrates (Presentation Recording) SO OPTICAL TRAPPING AND OPTICAL MICROMANIPULATION XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation XII CY AUG 09-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB There has been tremendous growth in the field of active matter, where the individual particles that comprise the system are self-driven. Examples of this class of system include biological systems such as swimming bacteria and crawling cells. More recently, non-biological swimmers have been created using colloidal Janus particles that undergo chemical reactions on one side to produce self-propulsion. These active matter systems exhibit a wide variety of behaviors that are absent in systems undergoing purely thermal fluctuations, such as transitions from uniform liquids to clusters or living crystals, pushing objects around, ratchet effects, and phase separation in mixtures of active and passive particles. Here we examine the collective effects of active matter disks in the presence of static or dynamic substrates. For colloids, such substrates could be created optically in the form of periodic, random, or quasiperiodic patterns. For thermal particles, increasing the temperature generally increases the diffusion or mobility of the particles when they move over a random or periodic substrates. We find that when the particles are active, increasing the activity can increase the mobility for smaller run lengths but decrease the mobility at large run lengths. Additionally we find that at large run lengths on a structured substrate, a variety of novel active crystalline states can form such as stripes, squares and triangular patterns. C1 [Reichhardt, Charles M.; Ray, Dipanjan; Reichhardt, Cynthia J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reichhardt, CM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-714-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9548 AR UNSP 95481I DI 10.1117/12.2188586 PG 1 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0OO UT WOS:000366497300041 ER PT S AU Awwal, AAS Bliss, ES Kamm, VM Leach, RR Roberts, R Rushford, MC Lowe-Webb, R Wilhelmsen, K AF Awwal, Abdul A. S. Bliss, Erlan S. Kamm, Victoria Miller Leach, Richard R., Jr. Roberts, Randy Rushford, Michael C. Lowe-Webb, Roger Wilhelmsen, Karl BE Awwal, AAS Iftekharuddin, KM Matin, MA Vazquez, MG Marquez, A TI Detecting fiducials affected by Trombone delay in ARC and the main laser alignment at the National Ignition Facility SO OPTICS AND PHOTONICS FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference of Optics and Photonics for Information Processing CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Optical alignment; pattern recognition; laser alignment; correlation; matched filtering; position detection; template matching; image processing and analysis; high power laser ID TEMPLATES AB Four of the 192 beams of the National Ignition Facility (NIF) are currently being diverted into the Advanced Radiographic Capability (ARC) system to generate a sequence of short (1-50 picoseconds) 1053 nm laser pulses. When focused onto high Z wires in vacuum, these pulses create high energy x-ray pulses capable of penetrating the dense, imploding fusion fuel plasma during ignition scale experiments. The transmitted x-rays imaged with x-ray diagnostics can create movie radiographs that are expected to provide unprecedented insight into the implosion dynamics. The resulting images will serve as a diagnostic for tuning the experimental parameters towards successful fusion reactions. Beam delays introduced into the ARC pulses via independent, free-space optical trombones create the desired x-ray image sequence, or movie. However, these beam delays cause optical distortion of various alignment fiducials viewed by alignment sensors in the NIF and ARC beamlines. This work describes how the position of circular alignment fiducials is estimated in the presence of distortion. C1 [Awwal, Abdul A. S.; Bliss, Erlan S.; Kamm, Victoria Miller; Leach, Richard R., Jr.; Roberts, Randy; Rushford, Michael C.; Lowe-Webb, Roger; Wilhelmsen, Karl] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Awwal, AAS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-764-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9598 AR 959812 DI 10.1117/12.2190065 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BE0PH UT WOS:000366513400032 ER PT S AU Leach, RR Awwal, A Cohen, S Lowe-Webb, R Roberts, R Salmon, T Smauley, D Wilhelmsen, K AF Leach, Richard R., Jr. Awwal, Abdul Cohen, Simon Lowe-Webb, Roger Roberts, Randy Salmon, Thad Smauley, Dave Wilhelmsen, Karl BE Awwal, AAS Iftekharuddin, KM Matin, MA Vazquez, MG Marquez, A TI Alignment Mask Design and Image Processing for the Advanced Radiographic Capability (ARC) at the National Ignition Facility SO OPTICS AND PHOTONICS FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference of Optics and Photonics for Information Processing CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Advanced Radiographic Capability (ARC); Optical alignment; mask design; image processing; image analysis; National Ignition Facility (NIF); back lighters; Crosshairs; fiducials AB The Advance Radiographic Capability (ARC) at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a laser system that employs up to four petawatt (PW) lasers to produce a sequence of short pulses that generate X-rays which backlight high-density inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets. ARC is designed to produce multiple, sequential X-ray images by using up to eight back lighters. The images will be used to examine the compression and ignition of a cryogenic deuterium-tritium target with tens-of-picosecond temporal resolution during the critical phases of an ICF shot. Multi-frame, hard-X-ray radiography of imploding NIF capsules is a capability which is critical to the success of NIF's missions. As in the NIF system, ARC requires an optical alignment mask that can be inserted and removed as needed for precise positioning of the beam. Due to ARC's split beam design, inserting the nominal NIF main laser alignment mask in ARC produced a partial blockage of the mask pattern. Requirements for a new mask design were needed. In this paper we describe the ARC mask requirements, the resulting mask design pattern, and the image analysis algorithms used to detect and identify the beam and reference centers required for ARC alignment. C1 [Leach, Richard R., Jr.; Awwal, Abdul; Cohen, Simon; Lowe-Webb, Roger; Roberts, Randy; Salmon, Thad; Smauley, Dave; Wilhelmsen, Karl] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Engn Div, Integrated Comp Control Syst, Natl Ignit Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Leach, RR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Engn Div, Integrated Comp Control Syst, Natl Ignit Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM leach1@llnl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-764-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9598 AR 959819 DI 10.1117/12.2189563 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BE0PH UT WOS:000366513400038 ER PT S AU Roberts, RS Awwal, AAS Bliss, ES Heebner, JE Leach, RR Orth, CD Rushford, MC Lowe-Webb, RR Wilhelmsen, KC AF Roberts, Randy S. Awwal, Abdul A. S. Bliss, Erlan S. Heebner, John E. Leach, Richard R., Jr. Orth, Charles D. Rushford, Michael C. Lowe-Webb, Roger R. Wilhelmsen, Karl C. BE Awwal, AAS Iftekharuddin, KM Matin, MA Vazquez, MG Marquez, A TI Automated alignment of the Advanced Radiographic Capability(ARC)-Target Area at the National Ignition Facility SO OPTICS AND PHOTONICS FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference of Optics and Photonics for Information Processing CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Optical alignment; pattern recognition; image processing; image analysis ID SYSTEM AB The Advanced Radiographic Capability (ARC) at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a petawatt-class, shortpulse laser system designed to provide x-ray backlighting of NIF targets. ARC uses four NIF beamlines to produce eight beamlets to create a sequence of eight images of an imploding fuel capsule using backlighting targets and diagnostic instrumentation. ARC employs a front end that produces two pulses, chirps the pulses out to 2 ns, and then injects the pulses into the two halves of each of four NIF beamlines. These pulses are amplified by NIF pre- and main amplifiers and transported to compressor vessels located in the NIF target area. The pulses are then compressed and pointed into the NIF target chamber where they impinge upon an array of backlighters. The interaction of the ARC laser pulses and the backlighting material produces bursts of high-energy x-rays that illuminate an imploding fuel capsule. The transmitted x-rays are imaged by diagnostic instrumentation to produce a sequence of radiograph images. A key component of the success of ARC is the automatic alignment system that accomplishes the precise alignment of the beamlets to avoid damaging equipment and to ensure that the beamlets are directed onto the tens-of-microns scale backlighters. In this paper, we describe the ARC automatic alignment system, with emphasis on control loops used to align the beampaths. We also provide a detailed discussion of the alignment image processing, because it plays a critical role in providing beam centering and pointing information for the control loops. C1 [Roberts, Randy S.; Awwal, Abdul A. S.; Bliss, Erlan S.; Heebner, John E.; Leach, Richard R., Jr.; Orth, Charles D.; Rushford, Michael C.; Lowe-Webb, Roger R.; Wilhelmsen, Karl C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Roberts, RS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM roberts38@llnl.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-764-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9598 AR 959814 DI 10.1117/12.2190252 PG 13 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BE0PH UT WOS:000366513400034 ER PT J AU Sadovskyy, IA AF Sadovskyy, I. A. TI Reduction of the scattering matrix array SO PHYSICS-USPEKHI LA English DT Review DE scattering matrix; reduction; ballistic regime; double-barrier potential; Aharonov Bohm effect AB The scattering matrix approach is widely applied in wave engineering and quantum physics. Usually, a combination of multiple scattering matrices is used. In this article, we consider arbitrary arrays of interconnected scattering matrices and present a formal result for the reduced scattering matrix. We demonstrate this approach in two well-known scattering problems. C1 [Sadovskyy, I. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60637 USA. RP Sadovskyy, IA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60637 USA. EM ivan.sadovsky@gmail.com NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TURPION LTD PI BRISTOL PA C/O TURPION LTD, IOP PUBLISHING, TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6HG, ENGLAND SN 1063-7869 EI 1468-4780 J9 PHYS-USP+ JI Phys. Usp. PY 2015 VL 58 IS 9 BP 872 EP 876 DI 10.3367/UFNe.0185.201509c.0941 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CY4UY UT WOS:000366405400003 ER PT J AU Wegner, C Bennett, KE de Vernal, A Forwick, M Fritz, M Heikkila, M Lacka, M Lantuit, H Laska, M Moskalik, M O'Regan, M Pawlowska, J Prominska, A Rachold, V Vonk, JE Werner, K AF Wegner, Carolyn Bennett, Katrina E. de Vernal, Anne Forwick, Matthias Fritz, Michael Heikkila, Maija Lacka, Magdalena Lantuit, Hugues Laska, Michal Moskalik, Mateusz O'Regan, Matt Pawlowska, Joanna Prominska, Agnieszka Rachold, Volker Vonk, Jorien E. Werner, Kirstin TI Variability in transport of terrigenous material on the shelves and the deep Arctic Ocean during the Holocene SO POLAR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Arctic; riverine input; coastal erosion; land-ocean interaction; Holocene ID LAPTEV SEA SHELF; FLUVIAL SEDIMENT FLUX; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; ICE-SHEET HISTORY; RIVER DISCHARGE; ORGANIC-CARBON; KARA SEA; LATE QUATERNARY; BEAUFORT SEA; YOUNGER DRYAS AB Arctic coastal zones serve as a sensitive filter for terrigenous matter input onto the shelves via river discharge and coastal erosion. This material is further distributed across the Arctic by ocean currents and sea ice. The coastal regions are particularly vulnerable to changes related to recent climate change. We compiled a pan-Arctic review that looks into the changing Holocene sources, transport processes and sinks of terrigenous sediment in the Arctic Ocean. Existing palaeoceanographic studies demonstrate how climate warming and the disappearance of ice sheets during the early Holocene initiated eustatic sea-level rise that greatly modified the physiography of the Arctic Ocean. Sedimentation rates over the shelves and slopes were much greater during periods of rapid sea-level rise in the early and middle Holocene, as a result of the relative distance to the terrestrial sediment sources. However, estimates of suspended sediment delivery through major Arctic rivers do not indicate enhanced delivery during this time, which suggests enhanced rates of coastal erosion. The increased supply of terrigenous material to the outer shelves and deep Arctic Ocean in the early and middle Holocene might serve as analogous to forecast changes in the future Arctic. C1 [Wegner, Carolyn] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, DE-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Bennett, Katrina E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Bennett, Katrina E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [de Vernal, Anne] Univ Quebec, Ctr GEOTOP, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Forwick, Matthias] Univ Tromso, Dept Geol, NO-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Fritz, Michael; Lantuit, Hugues] Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Dept Periglacial Res, DE-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Heikkila, Maija] Univ Helsinki, ECRU, Dept Environm Sci, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Lacka, Magdalena; Pawlowska, Joanna; Prominska, Agnieszka] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, PL-81712 Sopot, Poland. [Laska, Michal] Silesian Univ, Fac Earth Sci, PL-41200 Sosnowiec, Poland. [Moskalik, Mateusz] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Geophys, Ctr Polar Studies KNOW, PL-01452 Warsaw, Poland. [O'Regan, Matt] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr, Dept Geol Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Rachold, Volker] Int Arctic Sci Comm, DE-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Vonk, Jorien E.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Earth Sci, NL-3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands. [Werner, Kirstin] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar & Climate Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Wegner, C (reprint author), GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, Wischhofstr 1-3, DE-24148 Kiel, Germany. EM cwegner@geomar.de RI Moskalik, Mateusz/A-1837-2012; Fritz, Michael/J-5047-2015; Vonk, Jorien/H-5422-2011; OI Moskalik, Mateusz/0000-0002-0615-9528; Fritz, Michael/0000-0003-4591-7325; Heikkila, Maija/0000-0003-3885-8670; Lantuit, Hugues/0000-0003-1497-6760 NR 165 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0800-0395 EI 1751-8369 J9 POLAR RES JI Polar Res. PY 2015 VL 34 AR 24964 DI 10.3402/polar.v34.24964 PG 19 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Oceanography GA CY6KP UT WOS:000366518200001 ER PT S AU Craven-Jones, J Appelhans, L Couphos, E Embree, T Finnegan, P Goldstein, D Karelitz, D LaCasse, C Luk, TS Mahamat, A Massey, L Tanbakuchi, A Washburn, C Vigil, S AF Craven-Jones, Julia Appelhans, Leah Couphos, Eric Embree, Todd Finnegan, Patrick Goldstein, Dennis Karelitz, David LaCasse, Charles Luk, Ting S. Mahamat, Adoum Massey, Lee Tanbakuchi, Anthony Washburn, Cody Vigil, Steven BE Shaw, JA LeMaster, DA TI A polarization system for persistent chemical detection SO POLARIZATION SCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization Science and Remote Sensing VII CY AUG 11-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE chemical detection; chemical sensing; gas detection; polarization tag; hydrogen fluoride sensing ID GAS; MICROCANTILEVER; INTERFEROMETER AB We report on the development of a prototype polarization tag based system for detecting chemical vapors. The system primarily consists of two components, a chemically sensitive tag that experiences a change in its optical polarization properties when exposed to a specific chemical of interest, and an optical imaging polarimeter that is used to measure the polarization properties of the tags. Although the system concept could be extended to other chemicals, for the initial system prototype presented here the tags were developed to be sensitive to hydrogen fluoride (HF) vapors. HF is used in many industrial processes but is highly toxic and thus monitoring for its presence and concentration is often of interest for personnel and environmental safety. The tags are periodic multilayer structures that are produced using standard photolithographic processes. The polarimetric imager has been designed to measure the degree of linear polarization reflected from the tags in the short wave infrared. By monitoring the change in the reflected polarization signature from the tags, the polarimeter can be used to determine if the tag was exposed to HF gas. In this paper, a review of the system development effort and preliminary test results are presented and discussed, as well as our plan for future work. C1 [Craven-Jones, Julia; Appelhans, Leah; Couphos, Eric; Embree, Todd; Finnegan, Patrick; Karelitz, David; LaCasse, Charles; Luk, Ting S.; Massey, Lee; Tanbakuchi, Anthony; Washburn, Cody; Vigil, Steven] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Goldstein, Dennis] Polaris Sensor Technol, Huntsville, AL 35801 USA. [Mahamat, Adoum] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Craven-Jones, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-779-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9613 AR 96130B DI 10.1117/12.2188718 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0OP UT WOS:000366497500009 ER PT S AU Bertelli, N Jaeger, EF Lau, C Blazevski, D Green, DL Berry, L Bonoli, PT Gerhardt, S Hosea, JC LeBlanc, B Perkins, RJ Phillips, CK Pinsker, RI Prater, R Qin, CM Ryan, PM Taylor, G Valeo, EJ Wilson, JR Wright, JC Zhang, XJ AF Bertelli, N. Jaeger, E. F. Lau, C. Blazevski, D. Green, D. L. Berry, L. Bonoli, P. T. Gerhardt, S. Hosea, J. C. LeBlanc, B. Perkins, R. J. Phillips, C. K. Pinsker, R. I. Prater, R. Qin, C. M. Ryan, P. M. Taylor, G. Valeo, E. J. Wilson, J. R. Wright, J. C. Zhang, X. J. BE Pinsker, RI TI Effect of the scrape-off layer in AORSA full wave simulations of fast wave minority, mid/high harmonic, and helicon heating regimes SO RADIOFREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Topical Conference on Radiofrequency Power in Plasmas CY APR 27-JUL 29, 2015 CL CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif Los Angeles ID PLASMAS AB Several experiments on different machines and in different fast wave (FW) heating regimes, such as hydrogen minority heating and high harmonic fast waves, have found strong interactions between radio-frequency (RF) waves and the scrape-off layer (SOL) region. This paper examines the propagation and the power loss in the SOL by using the full wave code AORSA, in which the edge plasma beyond the last closed flux surface (LCFS) is included in the solution domain and a collisional damping parameter is used as a proxy to represent the real, and most likely nonlinear, damping processes. 3D AORSA results for the National Spherical Torus eXperiment (NSTX), where a full antenna spectrum is reconstructed, are shown, confirming the same behavior found for a single toroidal mode results in Bertelli et al, Nucl. Fusion, 54 083004, 2014, namely, a strong transition to higher SOL power losses (driven by the RF field) when the FW cut-off is moved away from in front of the antenna by increasing the edge density. Additionally, full wave simulations have been extended to "conventional" tokamaks with higher aspect ratios, such as the DIII-D, Alcator C-Mod, and EAST devices. DIII-D results show similar behavior found in NSTX and NSTX-U, consistent with previous DIII-D experimental observations. In contrast, a different behavior has been found for Alcator C-Mod and EAST, which operate in the minority heating regime unlike NSTX/NSTX-U and DIII-D, which operate in the mid/high harmonic regime. A substantial discussion of some of the main aspects, such as (i) the pitch angle of the magnetic field; (ii) minority heating vs. mid/high harmonic regimes is presented showing the different behavior of the RF field in the SOL region for NSTX-U scenarios with different plasma current. Finally, the preliminary results of the impact of the SOL region on the evaluation of the helicon current drive efficiency in DIII-D is presented for the first time and briefly compared with the different regimes mentioned above. C1 [Bertelli, N.; Gerhardt, S.; Hosea, J. C.; LeBlanc, B.; Perkins, R. J.; Phillips, C. K.; Taylor, G.; Valeo, E. J.; Wilson, J. R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Jaeger, E. F.] XCEL Engn Inc, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Lau, C.; Blazevski, D.; Green, D. L.; Berry, L.; Ryan, P. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bonoli, P. T.; Wright, J. C.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Pinsker, R. I.; Prater, R.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Qin, C. M.; Zhang, X. J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. RP Bertelli, N (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM nbertell@pppl.gov OI , Cornwall/0000-0002-8576-5867 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1336-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1689 AR 030010 DI 10.1063/1.4936475 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BE0PZ UT WOS:000366583100013 ER PT S AU Bilato, R Bertelli, N Brambilla, M Dumont, R Jaeger, EF Johnson, T Lerche, E Sauter, O Van Eester, D Villard, L AF Bilato, R. Bertelli, N. Brambilla, M. Dumont, R. Jaeger, E. F. Johnson, T. Lerche, E. Sauter, O. Van Eester, D. Villard, L. BE Pinsker, RI TI Status of the benchmark activity of ICRF full-wave codes within EUROfusion WPCD and beyond SO RADIOFREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Topical Conference on Radiofrequency Power in Plasmas CY APR 27-JUL 29, 2015 CL CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif Los Angeles ID PLASMAS AB As follow-up of the benchmark activity of ICRF full-wave codes within the EUROfusion Code Development for Integrated Modelling project (WPCD), a simple-to-complex approach has been devised for verification of the European ICRF codes, imported in the European-Integrated Modelling infrastructure, which represents a unique environment for input-data sharing and result analysis. This benchmark activity has been recently extended to non-European codes, in particular the ICRF full-wave AORSA code. Here we discussed the results of this benchmark. C1 [Bilato, R.; Brambilla, M.] MPI Plasma Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Bertelli, N.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Dumont, R.] CEA, IRFM, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Jaeger, E. F.] XCEL Engn Inc, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Johnson, T.] Assoc VR Euratom, KTH, Sch Elect Engn, Stockholm, Sweden. [Lerche, E.; Van Eester, D.] Ecole Royale Mil, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Sauter, O.; Villard, L.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CRPP, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Bilato, R (reprint author), MPI Plasma Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM roberto.bilato@ipp.mpg.de NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1336-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1689 AR 060001 DI 10.1063/1.4936499 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BE0PZ UT WOS:000366583100037 ER PT S AU deGrassie, JS Boedo, JA Grierson, BA AF deGrassie, J. S. Boedo, J. A. Grierson, B. A. BE Pinsker, RI TI Electron Cyclotron Heating and Core Intrinsic Rotation Reversal in DIII-D SO RADIOFREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Topical Conference on Radiofrequency Power in Plasmas CY APR 27-JUL 29, 2015 CL CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif Los Angeles AB The effect of electron cyclotron heating (ECH) on the intrinsic rotation profile in DIII-D is shown experimentally. Former DIII-D experiments have shown that ECH tends to cause an interior reduction in the normally co-Ip directed intrinsic rotation profile, and this core rotation can be fully reversed to the opposite direction. This effect is due to a turbulent rearrangement of the interior rotation profile. Here, we show results that there is more than one mechanism causing this. We compare two low density L-mode discharges where the only operational difference is the location of the ECH deposition. At low ECH power, comparable to the Ohmic power, the primary change is in the q-profile accompanied by a reversal of the core intrinsic rotation direction for the more off-axis deposition. The change in the shear of the q-profile fits well with a recent theoretical prediction for this rotation reversal. At higher ECH power, the primary change is in the core electron temperature, Te, accompanied by a hollowing of the rotation profile near the magnetic axis. This effect appears to be due to the change in electron collisionality, consistent with another theoretical, gyrokinetic prediction. The variety of phenomena that could allow ECH to modify the intrinsic rotation profile give some expectation that regions of large velocity shear in the interior could be generated, with the possibility of triggering internal transport barriers. C1 [deGrassie, J. S.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Boedo, J. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 94550 USA. [Grierson, B. A.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP deGrassie, JS (reprint author), Gen Atom, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM degrassie@fusion.gat.com NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1336-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1689 AR 090001 DI 10.1063/1.4936538 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BE0PZ UT WOS:000366583100076 ER PT S AU Edlund, EM Bonoli, PT Porkolab, M Wukitch, SJ AF Edlund, E. M. Bonoli, P. T. Porkolab, M. Wukitch, S. J. BE Pinsker, RI TI Modeling of EAST ICRF Antenna Performance Using the Full-wave Code TORIC SO RADIOFREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Topical Conference on Radiofrequency Power in Plasmas CY APR 27-JUL 29, 2015 CL CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif Los Angeles AB Access to advanced operating regimes in the EAST tokamak will require a combination of electron-cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH), neutral beam injection (NET) and ion cyclotron range frequency heating (ICRF), with the addition of lower-hybrid current drive (LHCD) for current profile control. Prior experiments at the EAST tokamak facility have shown relatively weak response of the plasma temperature to application of ICRF heating, with typical coupled power about 2 MW out of 12 MW source. The launched spectrum, at n(phi)=34 for 0-pi-pi-pi( phasing and 27 MHz, is largely inaccessible at line-averaged densities of approximately 2x10(19) m(-3). However, with variable antenna phasing and frequency, this system has considerable latitude to explore different heating schemes. To develop an ICRF actuator control model, we have used the full-wave code TORIC to explore the physics of ICRF wave propagation in EAST. The results presented from this study use a spectrum analysis using a superposition of n(phi) spanning -50 to +50. The low density regime typical of EAST plasmas results in a perpendicular wavelength comparable to the minor radius which results in global cavity resonance effects and eigenmode formation when the single-pass absorption is low. This behavior indicates that improved performance can be attained by lowering the peak of the kH spectrum by using pi/3 phasing of the 4-strap antenna. Based on prior studies conducted at Alcator C-Mod, this phasing is also expected to have the advantage of nearly divergence-free box currents, which should result in reduced levels of impurity production. Significant enhancements of the loading resistance may be achieved by using low kH phasing and a combination of magnetic field and frequency to vary the location of the resonance and mode conversion regions. TORIC calculations indicate that the significant power may be channeled to the electrons and deuterium majority. We expect that implementation of these recommendations in EAST will yield substantial improvements in the net absorbed power that will greatly assist in the attempt to access advanced tokamak operating regimes. C1 [Edlund, E. M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Bonoli, P. T.; Porkolab, M.; Wukitch, S. J.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Edlund, EM (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM eedlund@pppl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1336-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1689 AR 060002 DI 10.1063/1.4936500 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BE0PZ UT WOS:000366583100038 ER PT S AU Faust, IC Brunner, D LaBombard, B Parker, RR Baek, SG Chilenksi, MA Edlund, E Hubbard, A Hughes, JW Terry, JL Shiraiwa, S Walk, JR Wallace, GM Whyte, DG AF Faust, I. C. Brunner, D. LaBombard, B. Parker, R. R. Baek, S. G. Chilenksi, M. A. Edlund, E. Hubbard, A. Hughes, J. W. Terry, J. L. Shiraiwa, S. Walk, J. R. Wallace, G. M. Whyte, D. G. BE Pinsker, RI TI Measurement of LHCD edge power deposition through modulation techniques on Alcator C-Mod SO RADIOFREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Topical Conference on Radiofrequency Power in Plasmas CY APR 27-JUL 29, 2015 CL CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif Los Angeles ID JET AB The efficiency of LHCD on Alcator C-Mod drops exponentially with line average density. At reactor relevant densities (> 1.10(20) [m(-3)]) no measurable current is driven. While a number of causes have been suggested, no specific mechanism has been shown to be responsible for the loss of current drive at high density. Fast modulation of the LH power was used to isolate and quantify the LHCD deposition within the plasma. Measurements from these plasmas provide unique evidence for determining a root cause. Modulation of LH power in steady plasmas exhibited no correlated change in the core temperature. A correlated, prompt response in the edge suggests that the loss in efficiency is related to a edge absorption mechanism. This follows previous results which found the generation of n(parallel to)-independent SOL currents. Multiple Langmuir probe array measurements of the conducted heat conclude that the lost power is deposited near the last closed flux surface. The heat flux induced by LH waves onto the outer divertor is calculated. Changes in the neutral pressure, ionization and hard X-ray emission at high density highlight the importance of the active divertor in the loss of efficiency. Results of this study implicate a mechanism which may occur over multiple passes, leading to power absorption near the LCFS. C1 [Faust, I. C.; Brunner, D.; LaBombard, B.; Parker, R. R.; Baek, S. G.; Chilenksi, M. A.; Hubbard, A.; Hughes, J. W.; Terry, J. L.; Shiraiwa, S.; Walk, J. R.; Wallace, G. M.; Whyte, D. G.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Edlund, E.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Faust, IC (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM faustian@mit.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1336-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1689 AR 080006 DI 10.1063/1.4936529 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BE0PZ UT WOS:000366583100067 ER PT S AU Fisch, NJ AF Fisch, N. J. BE Pinsker, RI TI The Alpha Channeling Effect SO RADIOFREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Topical Conference on Radiofrequency Power in Plasmas CY APR 27-JUL 29, 2015 CL CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif Los Angeles ID LOWER-HYBRID WAVES; TRANSFORMER RECHARGING EXPERIMENTS; OHMIC-HEATING TRANSFORMER; ION-BERNSTEIN WAVES; RF-DRIVEN CURRENTS; CURRENT GENERATION; MIRROR MACHINES; PLASMA CURRENT; SLOW WAVES; TOKAMAK AB Alpha particles born through fusion reactions in a tokamak reactor tend to slow down on electrons, but that could take up to hundreds of milliseconds. Before that happens, the energy in these alpha particles can destabilize on collisionless timescales toroidal Alfven modes and other waves, in a way deleterious to energy confinement. However, it has been speculated that this energy might be instead be channeled into useful energy, so as to heat fuel ions or to drive current. Such a channeling needs to be catalyzed by waves Waves can produce diffusion in energy of the alpha particles in a way that is strictly coupled to diffusion in space. If these diffusion paths in energy-position space point from high energy in the center to low energy on the periphery, then alpha particles will be cooled while forced to the periphery. The energy from the alpha particles is absorbed by the wave. The amplified wave can then heat ions or drive current. This process or paradigm for extracting alpha particle energy collisionlessly has been called alpha channeling. While the effect is speculative, the upside potential for economical fusion is immense. The paradigm also operates more generally in other contexts of magnetically confined plasma. C1 [Fisch, N. J.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Fisch, N. J.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Fisch, NJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM fisch@princeton.edu NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1336-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1689 AR UNSP 020001 DI 10.1063/1.4936463 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BE0PZ UT WOS:000366583100001 ER PT S AU Lau, C Jaeger, EF Bertelli, N Berry, LA Blazevski, D Green, DL Murakami, M Park, JM Pinsker, RI Prater, R AF Lau, C. Jaeger, E. F. Bertelli, N. Berry, L. A. Blazevski, D. Green, D. L. Murakami, M. Park, J. M. Pinsker, R. I. Prater, R. BE Pinsker, RI TI Using AORSA to simulate helicon waves in DIII-D SO RADIOFREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Topical Conference on Radiofrequency Power in Plasmas CY APR 27-JUL 29, 2015 CL CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif Los Angeles AB Recent efforts have shown that helicon waves (fast waves at >20 omega(ci)) may be an attractive option for driving efficient off-axis current drive during non-inductive tokamak operation for DIII-D, ITER and DEMO. For DIII-D scenarios, the ray tracing code, GENRAY, has been extensively used to study helicon current drive efficiency and location as a function of many plasma parameters. The full wave code, AORSA, which is applicable to arbitrary Larmor radius and can resolve arbitrary ion cyclotron harmonic order, has been recently used to validate the ray tracing technique at these high cyclotron harmonics. If the SOL is ignored, it will be shown that the GENRAY and AORSA calculated current drive profiles are comparable for the envisioned high beta advanced scenarios for DIII-D, where there is high single pass absorption due to electron Landau damping and minimal ion damping. AORSA is also been used to estimate possible SOL effects on helicon current drive coupling and SOL absorption due to collisional and slow wave effects. C1 [Lau, C.; Blazevski, D.; Green, D. L.; Murakami, M.; Park, J. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Jaeger, E. F.; Berry, L. A.] XCEL Engn Inc, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Bertelli, N.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Pinsker, R. I.; Prater, R.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA USA. RP Lau, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM lauch@ornl.gov OI , Cornwall/0000-0002-8576-5867 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1336-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1689 AR 080011 DI 10.1063/1.4936534 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BE0PZ UT WOS:000366583100072 ER PT S AU Martin, EH Caughman, JBO Klepper, CC Goniche, M Isler, RC Hillairet, J Bottereau, C AF Martin, E. H. Caughman, J. B. O. Klepper, C. C. Goniche, M. Isler, R. C. Hillairet, J. Bottereau, C. BE Pinsker, RI TI Electric Field Measurements of the LH Wave and ICRF Near-Field Utilizing Non-Perturbative Spectroscopic Techniques SO RADIOFREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Topical Conference on Radiofrequency Power in Plasmas CY APR 27-JUL 29, 2015 CL CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif Los Angeles ID DISCHARGE AB The physics of wave heating and current drive processes in the bulk hot plasma are generally well identified. However, details of the wave-plasma interaction in the cold plasma edge are still not fully understood. In this paper a spectroscopic technique allowing for measurements of the electric field driving wave-plasma interactions in the edge region for LH current drive and ICRH systems will be discussed. Experimental results obtained in Tore Supra near the LH C3 antenna and in the magnetized capacitively coupled RF sheath from an experiment designed to mimic the ICRF near-field are presented. In conclusion, future plans to implement a laser-based spectroscopic technique to acquire the high resolution measurements needed for model validation is discussed. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan. (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan) C1 [Martin, E. H.; Caughman, J. B. O.; Klepper, C. C.; Isler, R. C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fus & Mat Nucl Syst Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Goniche, M.; Hillairet, J.; Bottereau, C.] CEA, IRFM, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. RP Martin, EH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fus & Mat Nucl Syst Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM martineh@ornl.gov RI Klepper, C.Christopher/I-9904-2016; Caughman, John/R-4889-2016 OI Klepper, C.Christopher/0000-0001-9107-8337; Caughman, John/0000-0002-0609-1164 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1336-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1689 AR 030011 DI 10.1063/1.4936476 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BE0PZ UT WOS:000366583100014 ER PT S AU Messiaen, A Swain, D Ongena, J Vervier, M AF Messiaen, A. Swain, D. Ongena, J. Vervier, M. BE Pinsker, RI TI Analysis of the phase control of the ITER ICRH antenna array. Influence on the load resilience and radiated power spectrum SO RADIOFREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Topical Conference on Radiofrequency Power in Plasmas CY APR 27-JUL 29, 2015 CL CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif Los Angeles ID SYSTEM AB The paper analyses how the phasing of the ITER ICRH 24 strap array evolves from the power sources up to the strap currents of the antenna. The study of the phasing control and coherence through the feeding circuits with prematching and automatic matching and decoupling network is made by modeling starting from the TOPICA matrix of the antenna array for a low coupling plasma profile and for current drive phasing (worst case for mutual coupling effects). The main results of the analysis are: (i) the strap current amplitude is well controlled by the antinode V-max amplitude of the feeding lines, (ii) the best toroidal phasing control is done by the adjustment of the mean phase of V-max of each poloidal straps column, (iii) with well adjusted system the largest strap current phasing error is +/- 20 degrees, (iv) the effect on load resilience remains well below the maximum affordable VSWR of the generators, (v) the effect on the radiated power spectrum versus k//computed by means of the coupling code ANTITER II remains small for the considered cases. [GRAPHICS] . C1 [Messiaen, A.; Ongena, J.; Vervier, M.] TEC Partner, Lab Plasma Phys, ERM, KMS, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Swain, D.] ORNL, US ITER Team, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Messiaen, A (reprint author), TEC Partner, Lab Plasma Phys, ERM, KMS, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. EM a.messiaen@fz-juelich.de NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1336-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1689 AR 070011 DI 10.1063/1.4936518 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BE0PZ UT WOS:000366583100056 ER PT S AU Perkins, RJ Ahn, JW Bortolon, A Brunkhorst, C Ellis, R Fredd, E Greenough, N Hosea, JC Kung, C Miller, D AF Perkins, R. J. Ahn, J-W. Bortolon, A. Brunkhorst, C. Ellis, R. Fredd, E. Greenough, N. Hosea, J. C. Kung, C. Miller, D. BE Pinsker, RI TI High Voltage Test-Stand Research Done on ICRF Antenna Elements of the High-Harmonic Fast-Wave System of NSTX SO RADIOFREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Topical Conference on Radiofrequency Power in Plasmas CY APR 27-JUL 29, 2015 CL CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif Los Angeles ID HHFW ANTENNA; ARRAY AB The twelve-strap high-harmonic fast-wave (HHFW) antenna on NSTX has exhibited a high-voltage standoff around 25 kV during previous experimental campaigns; this standoff needs to be improved for increased power coupling. During the recent NSTX-U upgrade period, a test-stand was set up with two antenna straps along with Faraday screens for testing purposes. Using a diagnostic suite consisting of a fast camera, a residual gas analyzer, a pressure gage, high-voltage probes, and an infrared camera, several interesting discoveries were made, leading to possible improvements of the antenna RF voltage operation level. First, arcing was observed outside the Faraday shields towards the low-voltage ("grounded") end of the straps (faraday shield box ends); this arcing was successfully eliminated by installing an additional grounding point between the Faraday shield box and the vessel wall. Second, considerable outgassing was observed during the RF pulse and the amount of outgassing was found to decrease with increasing RF power, possibly indicative of multipacting. Finally, infrared camera measurements of heating on the Faraday shield assembly suggest that the return currents on the Faraday shield box are highly localized at the box sides and possibly account for the pressure increase observed. Computations of these RF currents using Microwave Studio show qualitative agreement with the heated regions. New grounding points between the antenna box and the vessel have been implemented in NSTX-U, where future tests will be done to determine if the high-voltage standoff has improved. Further antenna improvements will be sought through future experiments on the test stand. C1 [Perkins, R. J.; Brunkhorst, C.; Ellis, R.; Fredd, E.; Greenough, N.; Hosea, J. C.; Kung, C.; Miller, D.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Ahn, J-W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Bortolon, A.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Perkins, RJ (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM rperkins@pppl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1336-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1689 AR 070008 DI 10.1063/1.4936515 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BE0PZ UT WOS:000366583100053 ER PT S AU Petty, CC Nazikian, R Van Zeeland, MA Pace, DC Grierson, BA Chen, X Kolemen, E McKee, GR Prater, R Turco, F AF Petty, C. C. Nazikian, R. Van Zeeland, M. A. Pace, D. C. Grierson, B. A. Chen, Xi Kolemen, E. McKee, G. R. Prater, R. Turco, F. BE Pinsker, RI TI Impact of Central ECCD on Steady-State Hybrid Scenario in DIII-D SO RADIOFREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Topical Conference on Radiofrequency Power in Plasmas CY APR 27-JUL 29, 2015 CL CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif Los Angeles AB "Steady-state" hybrid plasmas in DIII-D with zero surface loop voltage have been maintained for up to two current relaxation times using 3.4 MW of central electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD). In addition to driving approximate to 0.2 MA of plasma current, central ECCD leads to significant changes in Alfven eigenmode (AE) activity and thermal transport. For neutral-beam-only heating, strong AE activity is observed that causes a similar to 35% degradation in the neutron rate. With central ECCD this AE activity is suppressed, replaced by a bursty energetic particle mode that appears more benign as the neutron rate is closer to the classical value. The electron thermal diffusivity increases by approximate to 50% for 2.4 MW of ECCD compared to neutral-beam-only cases. Fortunately, the global thermal confinement factor remains the same (H-98y2 = 1.4) as the higher thermal transport for P-EC = 2.4 MW hybrids is offset by the decreased fast ion transport resulting from AE suppression. C1 [Petty, C. C.; Van Zeeland, M. A.; Pace, D. C.; Chen, Xi; Prater, R.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Nazikian, R.; Grierson, B. A.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Kolemen, E.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [McKee, G. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Turco, F.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Petty, CC (reprint author), Gen Atom, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM petty@fusion.gat.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1336-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1689 AR 090002 DI 10.1063/1.4936539 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BE0PZ UT WOS:000366583100077 ER PT S AU Taylor, G Poli, F Bertelli, N Harvey, RW Hosea, JC Mueller, D Perkins, RJ Phillips, CK Raman, R AF Taylor, G. Poli, F. Bertelli, N. Harvey, R. W. Hosea, J. C. Mueller, D. Perkins, R. J. Phillips, C. K. Raman, R. BE Pinsker, RI TI Development of Fully Non-Inductive Plasmas Heated by Medium and High-Harmonic Fast Waves in the National Spherical Torus Experiment Upgrade SO RADIOFREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Topical Conference on Radiofrequency Power in Plasmas CY APR 27-JUL 29, 2015 CL CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif Los Angeles AB A major challenge for spherical tokamak development is to start-up and ramp-up the plasma current (I-p) without using a central solenoid. Experiments in the National Spherical Torus eXperiment (NSTX) demonstrated that 1.4 MW of 30 MHz high-harmonic fast wave (HHFW) power could generate an I-p = 300 kA H-mode discharge with a non-inductive I-p fraction, f(NI) similar to 0.7. The discharge had an axial toroidal magnetic field (B-T(0)) of 0.55 T, the maximum B-T(0) available on NSTX. NSTX has undergone a major upgrade (NSTX-U), that will eventually allow the generation of B-T(0) <= 1 T and I-p <= 2 MA plasmas. Full wave simulations of 30 MHz HHFW and medium harmonic fast wave (MHFW) heating in NSTX-U predict significantly reduced FW power loss in the plasma edge at the higher BT(0) achievable in NSTX-U. HHFW experiments will aim to generate stable, f(NI) similar to 1, I-p = 300 kA H-mode plasmas and to ramp I-p from 250 to 400 kA with FW power. Time-dependent TRANSP simulations are used to develop non-inductive I-p ramp-up and sustainment using 30 MHz FW power. This paper presents results from these RF simulations and plans for developing non-inductive plasmas heated by FW power. C1 [Taylor, G.; Poli, F.; Bertelli, N.; Hosea, J. C.; Mueller, D.; Perkins, R. J.; Phillips, C. K.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Harvey, R. W.] CompX, Del Mar, CA 92014 USA. [Raman, R.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Taylor, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM gtaylor@pppl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1336-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1689 AR 040004 DI 10.1063/1.4936487 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BE0PZ UT WOS:000366583100025 ER PT S AU Tsujii, N Porkolab, M Bonoli, PT Edlund, EM Ennever, PC Lin, Y Wright, JC Wukitch, SJ Jaeger, EF Green, DL Harvey, RW AF Tsujii, N. Porkolab, M. Bonoli, P. T. Edlund, E. M. Ennever, P. C. Lin, Y. Wright, J. C. Wukitch, S. J. Jaeger, E. F. Green, D. L. Harvey, R. W. BE Pinsker, RI TI Measurement and simulation of ICRF wave intensity with a recalibrated phase contrast imaging diagnostic on Alcator C-Mod SO RADIOFREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Topical Conference on Radiofrequency Power in Plasmas CY APR 27-JUL 29, 2015 CL CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif Los Angeles ID PLASMAS AB Waves in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) are one of the major tools to heat fusion plasmas. Full-wave simulations are essential to predict the wave propagation and absorption quantitatively, and it is important that these codes be validated against actual experimental measurements. In this work, the absolute intensity of the ICRF waves previously measured with a phase contrast imaging diagnostic was recalibrated and compared once more with full-wave predictions. In the earlier work, significant discrepancies were found between the measured and the simulated mode converted wave intensity [N. Tsujii et al., Phys. Plasmas 19, 082508]. With the new calibration of the detector array, the measured mode converted wave intensity is now in much better agreement with the full-wave predictions. The agreement is especially good for comparisons performed close to the antenna. C1 [Tsujii, N.] Univ Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. [Porkolab, M.; Bonoli, P. T.; Edlund, E. M.; Ennever, P. C.; Lin, Y.; Wright, J. C.; Wukitch, S. J.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Jaeger, E. F.] XCEL Engn, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Green, D. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Harvey, R. W.] CompX, Del Mar, CA USA. RP Tsujii, N (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. EM tsujii@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1336-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1689 AR 040005 DI 10.1063/1.4936488 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BE0PZ UT WOS:000366583100026 ER PT S AU Kumar, U Milesi, C Raja, SK Nemani, RR Ganguly, S Wang, WL AF Kumar, Uttam Milesi, Cristina Raja, S. Kumar Nemani, Ramakrishna R. Ganguly, Sangram Wang, Weile BE Gao, W Chang, NB TI Land cover fraction estimation with global endmembers using collaborative SUnSAL SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability XII CY AUG 11-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE land cover; subpixel classification; unmixing algorithm; endmember; linear mixture model; collaborative SUnSAL; fully constrained least squares; sparse regression ID SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; SPARSE REGRESSION; EXTRACTION; MODELS; OPTIMIZATION; IMAGERY AB Land cover (LC) refers to the physical state of the Earth's surface such as soil, vegetation and water, etc. However, most LC features occur at spatial scales much finer than the resolution of the primary remote sensing satellites. In this paper, we explore the possibility of collaborative sparse unmixing for estimation and quantification of LC classes at subpixel level to obtain abundance maps in both the unconstrained and constrained forms (with abundance nonnegativity and abundance sum-to-one constraints imposed). Firstly, computer simulated noise-free and noisy data (Gaussian noise of different noise variance: 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 and 256) were unmixed with a set of global endmembers (substrate, vegetation and dark objects) in the NASA Earth Exchange. In the second set of experiments, a spectrally diverse collection of 11 cloud free scenes of Landsat-5 TM data representing an agricultural set-up in Fresno, California, USA were unmixed and validated using ground vegetation cover. Finally, Landsat-5 TM data for an area of San Francisco (an urbanized landscape), California, USA were used to assess the algorithms and compared with the fractional estimates of World View-2 data (2 m spatial resolution) for validation. The results were evaluated by using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient, RMSE, probability of success and bivariate distribution function. With computer-simulated data, both unconstrained and constrained solutions gave excellent results up to a certain noise variance, beyond which the performance in classification gradually decreased. For the agricultural setup, mean absolute error (MAE) of vegetation fraction between actual and estimated abundance values was 0.08 for both unconstrained and constrained case, and for the urban landscape, average MAE of the three classes considered was 0.73 for unconstrained and 0.07 for the constrained solution. C1 [Kumar, Uttam] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Milesi, Cristina; Nemani, Ramakrishna R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Raja, S. Kumar] Airbus Engn Ctr India, EADS Innovat Works, Bangalore 560048, Karnataka, India. [Ganguly, Sangram] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, BAERI, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Wang, Weile] Calif State Univ Monterey Bay, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Kumar, U (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM uttam.kumar@nasa.gov NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-776-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9610 AR UNSP 96100B DI 10.1117/12.2192173 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0OU UT WOS:000366501400006 ER PT S AU Xu, M Hoffman, F AF Xu, Min Hoffman, Forrest BE Gao, W Chang, NB TI Evaluations of CMIP5 simulations over cropland SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability XII CY AUG 11-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE CMIP5; Cropland; Model evaluation ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; AGRICULTURE; MODEL; EXCHANGE; IMPACTS; WATER AB Cropland is one of major sources of carbon lost to the atmosphere and directly contributes to the emissions of greenhouse gases. There is, however, large potential for cropland to reduce its carbon flux to the atmosphere and sequester soil carbon through conservative agriculture management including no-tillage, perennial and/or deep root crops, irrigation, and organic fertilization etc. But these estimations on carbon emissions and sequestrations over cropland under future climate changes and variability remain largest uncertain among all other terrestrial biomes. Global climate and earth system models are an effective tool to study the cropland responses and feedbacks to present and future climate, yet most models in the latest couple model intercomparsion project phase 5 (CMIP5), generally treat cropland similarly as grassland with tuned parameters and do not account for realistic crop phenology, physiology, and management. In this study, we will evaluate the limitations and deficiencies of the CMIP5 models without process-based crop growth models over cropland by comparing their simulations against FLUXNET observations at eight cropland sites. The results show that: (1) the observed and simulated annual cycles generally are not consistent in either phase or amplitude; (2) the MPI and IPSL model families have better skills in the annual cycles of gross primary product (GPP), net ecosystem production (NEP), and terrestrial ecosystem respiration (TER) than other models at the corn/soybean and cereal sites respectively; (3) none of the CMIP5 models successfully simulate the observed two-peak pattern in the annual cycles of sensible heat fluxes at the corn/soybean sites; (4) the simulated GPPs and NEPs of the CESM1, BCC model families and NorESM1-M are much smaller than the observations for entire year; (5) model members from same model family normally simulate similar annual cycles both in phase and magnitude, but the model members from the CESM1 model family with different atmospheric models have different annual cycles; (6) the biases both in phases and magnitudes of annual cycles for the biogeochemical variables (GPP, NEP and TER) are generally larger than those biogeophysical variables (sensible and latent heat fluxes). Because of the above limitations and deficiencies of CMIP5 simulations over cropland, it is essential to incorporate process-based crop growth models into ESMs to improve the model physics and performance over cropland. C1 [Xu, Min; Hoffman, Forrest] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CCSI, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Xu, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CCSI, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM minxu@climatemodeling.org RI Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012 OI Hoffman, Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-776-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9610 AR UNSP 961003 DI 10.1117/12.2192586 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0OU UT WOS:000366501400002 ER PT J AU Feng, Z Ma, Q Lu, J Feng, H Elam, JW Stair, PC Bedzyk, MJ AF Feng, Z. Ma, Q. Lu, J. Feng, H. Elam, J. W. Stair, P. C. Bedzyk, M. J. TI Atomic-scale cation dynamics in a monolayer VOX/alpha-Fe2O3 catalyst SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; SUPPORTED VANADIUM-OXIDES; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURES; (WO3)(3) CLUSTERS; PARTIAL OXIDATION; K-EDGE; SURFACE; REDOX; REACTIVITY AB Catalytic reactions are associated with dynamical changes in the catalyst that include the oxidation state and local structural variations. The understanding of such dynamics, particularly at the atomic-scale, is of great importance for revealing the activity and selectivity of the catalyst in numerous reactions. Combining in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy with in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, we studied the redox-induced dynamical changes for a VOX monolayer catalyst supported on a alpha-Fe2O3 powder. The results show that several co-existing VOX species reversibly change their V oxidation states between +5 and +4, in concurrence with a structural change from two-dimensional chains to well connected V-O-V networks. These changes are also associated with the breaking and formation of the V = O vanadyl group. This combined study provides new insight into how VOX species change during catalytic reactions, which leads to proposed atomic-scale models for the redox-induced dynamics of the catalyst. C1 [Feng, Z.; Bedzyk, M. J.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Feng, Z.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Ma, Q.] Northwestern Univ, Synchrotron Res Ctr, DND CAT, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Lu, J.; Feng, H.; Elam, J. W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Syst Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Stair, P. C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Bedzyk, M. J.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Feng, Z (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM z-feng@u.northwestern.edu; bedzyk@northwestern.edu RI Bedzyk, Michael/B-7503-2009 FU Institute for Catalysis in Energy Processes (DOE) [DE-FG02-03ER15457]; DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; E. I. duPont de Nemours Co.; Northwestern University; Dow Chemical Co.; State of Illinois through the Department of Commerce and the Board of Education (HECA); US National Science Foundation; Institute for Atom-efficient Chemical Transformations, an Energy Frontier Research Center - DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; MRSEC through NSF [DMR-1121262] FX This work was supported by the Institute for Catalysis in Energy Processes (DOE Grant DE-FG02-03ER15457). X-ray measurements were performed at APS Sector 5 (DND-CAT) located at ANL, which is supported by DOE Grant DE-AC02-06CH11357. DND-CAT is supported by through E. I. duPont de Nemours & Co., Northwestern University, Dow Chemical Co., the State of Illinois through the Department of Commerce and the Board of Education (HECA), and the US National Science Foundation. JL and JWE were supported as part of the Institute for Atom-efficient Chemical Transformations, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The XPS and DRIFTS measurements used the Keck-II facility at Northwestern University. Authors thank Prof. Harold H. Kung of Northwestern University for providing the in situ XAS cell. This work made use of NU Central Facilities supported by the MRSEC through NSF Contract No. DMR-1121262. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 126 BP 103834 EP 103840 DI 10.1039/c5ra18404e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CY5FO UT WOS:000366433700011 ER PT J AU Newby, GE Watkins, EB Merino, DH Staniec, PA Bikondoa, O AF Newby, Gemma E. Watkins, Erik B. Merino, Daniel Hermida Staniec, Paul A. Bikondoa, Oier TI In situ Rheo-GISANS of triblock copolymers: gelation and shear effects on quasi-crystalline structures at interfaces SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE MODIFIERS; PLURONIC(R) BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; MICELLE FORMATION; DRUG-DELIVERY; SCANNING CALORIMETRY; SURFACTANTS; MICELLIZATION; MIXTURES AB The behaviour of polymeric systems at surfaces and under flow is extremely important in many applications, ranging from drug delivery to lubrication. We have studied a model triblock copolymer in deuterated water combining in situ rheology and grazing incidence small angle neutron scattering. Several thermotropic phases appear as a function of the temperature, including a bicontinuous phase not present in the bulk. Moreover, gelation can occur following a different route depending on the concentration. We show that shearing can be used to monitor the structural integrity of the micellar systems and in some cases as a tool for modifying the thermotropic phases: an fcc (face centred cubic) phase is sheared into a hcp (hexagonally close packed) phase, and is then recovered by cycling the temperature. C1 [Newby, Gemma E.] ESRF European Synchrotron, F-38043 Grenoble 9, France. [Watkins, Erik B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA 11, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Watkins, Erik B.] Inst Laue Langevin, FIGARO, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Merino, Daniel Hermida] Netherlands Org Sci Res, ESRF European Synchrotron, DUBBLE CRG ESRF BM26, Grenoble, France. [Merino, Daniel Hermida] Dutch Polymer Inst, NL-5600 AX Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Staniec, Paul A.] Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England. [Bikondoa, Oier] ESRF European Synchrotron, UK CRG Beamline, XMaS, F-38043 Grenoble 9, France. [Bikondoa, Oier] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Newby, GE (reprint author), ESRF European Synchrotron, CS40220, F-38043 Grenoble 9, France. EM gemma.newby@esrf.fr; oier.bikondoa@esrf.fr NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 126 BP 104164 EP 104171 DI 10.1039/c5ra20215a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CY5FO UT WOS:000366433700047 ER PT S AU BastaniNejad, M Suleiman, R AF BastaniNejad, Mahzad Suleiman, Riad BE Myneni, GR TI Ingot Niobium as Candidate Electrode Material for Jefferson Lab 200 kV Inverted Electron Photogun SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF INGOT NIOBIUM FOR SUPERCONDUCTING RADIO FREQUENCY APPLICATIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ingot Niobium Summary Workshop CY DEC 04, 2015 CL Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA HO Jefferson Lab AB This contribution describes the field emission characterization of niobium electrodes using a DC high voltage field emission test apparatus. A total of six electrodes were evaluated: two large-grain, two single-crystal,, and two fine-grain that were chemically polished using a buffered-chemical acid solution. Field emission from niobium electrodes could be significantly reduced and sometimes completely eliminated, by introducing krypton gas into the vacuum chamber while the electrode is biased at high voltage. Of all the electrodes tested, a large-grain niobium electrode performed the best, exhibiting no measurable field emission (<10 pA) at 225 kV with 20 mm cathode/anode gap, corresponding to a field strength of 18.7 MV/m. Motivated by these results, an inverted electron photogun operated at Jefferson Lab injector test facility was equipped with a large-grain niobium cathode electrode and it has been successfully conditioned to 225 kV without field emission. This photogun was used to study strained superlattice GaAs and K2CsSb photocathodes at high beam currents. C1 [BastaniNejad, Mahzad] Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Suleiman, Riad] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP BastaniNejad, M (reprint author), Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM Mahzad@jlab.org; suleiman@jlab.org NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1334-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1687 AR 040003 DI 10.1063/1.4935329 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BE0PO UT WOS:000366558100015 ER PT S AU Bieler, TR Kang, D Baars, DC Chandrasekaran, S Mapar, A Ciovati, G Wright, NT Pourboghrat, F Murphy, JE Compton, CC Myneni, GR AF Bieler, Thomas R. Kang, Di Baars, Derek C. Chandrasekaran, Saravan Mapar, Aboozar Ciovati, Gianluigi Wright, Neil T. Pourboghrat, Farhang Murphy, James E. Compton, Chris C. Myneni, Ganapati Rao BE Myneni, GR TI Deformation Mechanisms, Defects, Heat Treatment, and Thermal Conductivity in Large Grain Niobium SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF INGOT NIOBIUM FOR SUPERCONDUCTING RADIO FREQUENCY APPLICATIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ingot Niobium Summary Workshop CY DEC 04, 2015 CL Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA HO Jefferson Lab ID SUPERCONDUCTING NIOBIUM; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; INGOT NIOBIUM; PLASTICITY; DISLOCATIONS; SIMULATIONS; EVOLUTION; CAVITIES; IRON; NB AB The physical and mechanical metallurgy underlying fabrication of large grain cavities for superconducting radio frequency accelerators is summarized, based on research of 1) grain orientations in ingots, 2) a metallurgical assessment of processing a large grain single cell cavity and a tube, 3) assessment of slip behavior of single crystal tensile samples extracted from a high purity ingot slice before and after annealing at 800 degrees C / 2 h, 4) development of crystal plasticity models based upon the single crystal experiments, and 5) assessment of how thermal conductivity is affected by strain, heat treatment, and exposure to hydrogen. Because of the large grains, the plastic anisotropy of deformation is exaggerated, and heterogeneous strains and localized defects are present to a much greater degree than expected in polycrystalline material, making it highly desirable to computationally anticipate potential forming problems before manufacturing cavities. C1 [Bieler, Thomas R.; Kang, Di; Baars, Derek C.] Michigan State Univ, Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Chandrasekaran, Saravan; Mapar, Aboozar; Wright, Neil T.] Michigan State Univ, Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Chandrasekaran, Saravan; Ciovati, Gianluigi; Myneni, Ganapati Rao] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Pourboghrat, Farhang] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Murphy, James E.] Univ Nevada, Chem & Mat Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Compton, Chris C.] Michigan State Univ, Facil Rare Isotope Beams, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Bieler, TR (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM bieler@egr.msu.edu; kangdi@msu.edu; baarsder@gmail.com; saravan@fnal.gov; maparabo@egr.msu.edu; gciovati@jlab.org; ntwright@egr.msu.edu; pourboghrat.2@osu.edu; jim@unr.edu; compton@frib.msu.edu; rao@jlab.org NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1334-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1687 AR 020002 DI 10.1063/1.4935316 PG 18 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BE0PO UT WOS:000366558100002 ER PT S AU Ciovati, G Dhakal, P Kneisel, P Myneni, GR AF Ciovati, Gianluigi Dhakal, Pashupati Kneisel, Peter Myneni, Ganapati R. BE Myneni, GR TI Summary of Performance of Superconducting Radio-Frequency Cavities built from CBMM Niobium Ingots SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF INGOT NIOBIUM FOR SUPERCONDUCTING RADIO FREQUENCY APPLICATIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ingot Niobium Summary Workshop CY DEC 04, 2015 CL Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA HO Jefferson Lab AB Several Nb ingots have been provided by CBMM to Jefferson Lab since 2004 as part of an R&D collaboration aimed at evaluating the performance of superconducting radio-frequency cavities built from ingots with different purity, as a results of different ingot production processes. Approximately 32 multi-and single-cell cavities with resonant frequency between similar to 1.3-2.3 GHz were built, treated and tested at 2 K at Jefferson Lab between 2004 and 2014. The average peak surface field achieved in cavities made of RRR similar to 260 and RRR similar to 100-150 ingots was (119 +/- 4) mT and (100 +/- 8) mT, respectively. Higher quality factor values at 2.0 K have been measured in medium-purity, compared to higher purity material. C1 [Ciovati, Gianluigi; Dhakal, Pashupati; Kneisel, Peter; Myneni, Ganapati R.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Ciovati, G (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM gciovati@jlab.org; dhakal@jlab.org; kneisel@jlab.org; rao@jlab.org NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1334-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1687 AR 030001 DI 10.1063/1.4935322 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BE0PO UT WOS:000366558100008 ER PT S AU Dhakal, P Ciovati, G Myneni, GR AF Dhakal, Pashupati Ciovati, Gianluigi Myneni, Ganapati R. BE Myneni, GR TI High Performance Superconducting Radio Frequency Ingot Niobium Technology for Continuous Wave Applications SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF INGOT NIOBIUM FOR SUPERCONDUCTING RADIO FREQUENCY APPLICATIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ingot Niobium Summary Workshop CY DEC 04, 2015 CL Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA HO Jefferson Lab AB Future continuous wave (CW) accelerators require the superconducting radio frequency cavities with high quality factor and medium accelerating gradients (<= 20 MV/m). Ingot niobium cavities with medium purity fulfill the specifications of both accelerating gradient and high quality factor with simple processing techniques and potential reduction in cost. This contribution reviews the current superconducting radiofrequency research and development and outlines the potential benefits of using ingot niobium technology for CW applications. C1 [Dhakal, Pashupati; Ciovati, Gianluigi; Myneni, Ganapati R.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Dhakal, P (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM dhakal@jlab.org; gciovati@jlab.org; rao@jlab.org NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1334-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1687 AR 030002 DI 10.1063/1.4935323 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BE0PO UT WOS:000366558100009 ER PT S AU Farha, AH Ufuktepe, Y Myneni, G Elsayed-Ali, HE AF Farha, Ashraf Hassan Ufuktepe, Yuksel Myneni, Ganapati Elsayed-Ali, Hani E. BE Myneni, GR TI Pulsed Laser Deposition of Niobium Nitride Thin Films SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF INGOT NIOBIUM FOR SUPERCONDUCTING RADIO FREQUENCY APPLICATIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ingot Niobium Summary Workshop CY DEC 04, 2015 CL Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA HO Jefferson Lab ID NB-N SYSTEM; SUPERCONDUCTING NIOBIUM; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; PHASE; ABLATION; COATINGS; DIFFUSION; PRESSURE AB Niobium nitride (NbNx) films were grown on Nb and Si(100) substrates using pulsed laser deposition. NbNx films were deposited on Nb substrates using PLD with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (lambda = 1064 nm, similar to 40 ns pulse width, and 10 Hz repetition rate) at different laser fluences, nitrogen background pressures and deposition substrate temperatures. When all the fabrication parameters are fixed, except for the laser fluence, the surface roughness, nitrogen content, and grain size increase with increasing laser fluence. Increasing nitrogen background pressure leads to a change in the phase structure of the NbNx films from mixed beta-Nb2N and cubic delta-NbN phases to single hexagonal beta-Nb2N. The substrate temperature affects the preferred orientation of the crystal structure. The structural and electronic, properties of NbNx deposited on Si(100) were also investigated. The NbNx films exhibited a cubic delta-NbN with a strong (111) orientation. A correlation between surface morphology, electronic, and superconducting properties was found. The observations establish guidelines for adjusting the deposition parameters to achieve the desired NbNx film morphology and phase. C1 [Farha, Ashraf Hassan; Elsayed-Ali, Hani E.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Farha, Ashraf Hassan; Elsayed-Ali, Hani E.] Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Appl Res Ctr, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Farha, Ashraf Hassan; Elsayed-Ali, Hani E.] Ain Shams Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, Cairo 11566, Egypt. [Ufuktepe, Yuksel] Cukurova Univ, Dept Phys, TR-01330 Adana, Turkey. [Myneni, Ganapati] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Elsayed-Ali, HE (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM ahass006@odu.edu; ufuk@cu.edu.tr; rao@jlab.org; helsayed@odu.edu NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1334-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1687 AR 020003 DI 10.1063/1.4935317 PG 17 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BE0PO UT WOS:000366558100003 ER PT S AU Kimber, AJ AF Kimber, Andrew J. BE Myneni, GR TI Comparisons of Radio Frequency Technology for Superconducting Accelerating Structures SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF INGOT NIOBIUM FOR SUPERCONDUCTING RADIO FREQUENCY APPLICATIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ingot Niobium Summary Workshop CY DEC 04, 2015 CL Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA HO Jefferson Lab AB Since the introduction of radiofrequency (RF) accelerating cavities, normal conducting as well as superconducting, there has been a need to drive them with RF power. At first glance, the function of an RF drive system may seem simple and straightforward, but this belies subtleties that greatly affect the performance of the cavity itself, diminishing efforts in perfecting techniques in design and manufacture. It can also contribute to a significant portion of the initial capital and ongoing running costs of a facility, maintenance labor, downtime and future expenditure as the system ages. The RF 'system', should be thought of as just that, the entire collection of components from wall plug to cavity. Following this integrated approach will enable the system to meet or exceed its design goals. This paper seeks to review the current state of RF technology for superconducting structures and to compare these technologies, looking at what has traditionally been used, developments that have enabled higher efficiencies and higher reliabilities as well as looking towards future technologies. It will concentrate on superconducting applications, but much of the narrative is equally applicable to normal conducting structures as well. C1 [Kimber, Andrew J.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Kimber, AJ (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM kimber@jlab.org NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1334-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1687 AR 040002 DI 10.1063/1.4935328 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BE0PO UT WOS:000366558100014 ER PT S AU Ricker, RE Pitchure, DJ Myneni, GR AF Ricker, R. E. Pitchure, D. J. Myneni, G. R. BE Myneni, GR TI Mechanical Properties as an Indicator of Interstitials in Niobium for Superconducting Accelerator Cavities SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF INGOT NIOBIUM FOR SUPERCONDUCTING RADIO FREQUENCY APPLICATIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ingot Niobium Summary Workshop CY DEC 04, 2015 CL Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA HO Jefferson Lab ID HYDROGEN SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DEFORMATION; TEMPERATURE; DIFFUSION; METALS; OXYGEN; STEEL AB A preliminary investigation was conducted into the feasibility of using simple mechanical properties experiments to evaluate interstitial impurity uptake from processing environments. Two types of tests were examined: tensile tests and complex modulus measurements using a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). For the tensile tests, samples were cut from a single crystal of niobium, with the same orientation, and then prepared following different procedures. Significant differences were observed during tensile tests, with yielding strength and strain-to-failure clearly related to interstitial uptake. When the strain rate was reduced by an order of magnitude, the strain-to-failure was reduced by 18 % indicating that interstitial hydrogen is responsible for this behavior. For the complex modulus measurement, polycrystalline samples from different locations of two different ingots were examined at a frequency of 1.0 Hz while the temperature was increased at the rate of 1.0 degrees C per minute. Anaelastic peaks were found for C, N, and O in all samples, but the lower limit of the system did not allow for detection of a peak for H. It is concluded that mechanical properties could be developed as a measurement tool to guide the development of processing methods for producing reduced interstitial content material, but additional research, and uncertainty analysis, is required for these tools to be reliable in this application. C1 [Ricker, R. E.; Pitchure, D. J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Myneni, G. R.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Ricker, RE (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM richard.ricker@nist.gov; david.pitchure@nist.gov; rao@jlab.org NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1334-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1687 AR UNSP 020005 DI 10.1063/1.4935319 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BE0PO UT WOS:000366558100005 ER PT S AU Roy, SB Myneni, GR AF Roy, S. B. Myneni, G. R. BE Myneni, GR TI Qualification of Niobium Materials for Superconducting Radio Frequency Cavity applications: View of a Condensed Matter Physicist SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF INGOT NIOBIUM FOR SUPERCONDUCTING RADIO FREQUENCY APPLICATIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ingot Niobium Summary Workshop CY DEC 04, 2015 CL Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA HO Jefferson Lab ID HIGH-PURITY NIOBIUM; BEHAVIOR; FIELD AB We address the issue of qualifications of the niobium materials to be used for superconducting radio frequency (SCRF) cavity fabrications, from the point of view of a condensed matter physicist/materials scientist. We focus on the particular materials properties of niobium required for the functioning a SCRF cavity, and how to optimize the same properties for the best SCRF cavity performance in a reproducible manner. In this way the niobium materials will not necessarily be characterized by their purity alone, but in terms of those materials properties, which will define the limit of the SCRF cavity performance and also other related material properties, which will help to sustain this best SCRF cavity performance. Furthermore we point out the need of standardization of the post fabrication processing of the niobium-SCRF cavities, which does not impair the optimized superconducting and thermal properties of the starting niobium-materials required for the reproducible performance of the SCRF cavities according to the design values. C1 [Roy, S. B.] Raja Ramanna Ctr Adv Technol, Mat & Adv Accelerator Sci Div, Magnet & Superconducting Mat Sect, Indore 452013, Madhya Pradesh, India. [Myneni, G. R.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. RP Roy, SB (reprint author), Raja Ramanna Ctr Adv Technol, Mat & Adv Accelerator Sci Div, Magnet & Superconducting Mat Sect, Indore 452013, Madhya Pradesh, India. EM sbroy@rrcat.gov.in; rao@jlab.org NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1334-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1687 AR 020006 DI 10.1063/1.4935320 PG 22 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BE0PO UT WOS:000366558100006 ER PT J AU Brune, PR Knepley, MG Smith, BF Tu, XM AF Brune, Peter R. Knepley, Matthew G. Smith, Barry F. Tu, Xuemin TI Composing Scalable Nonlinear Algebraic Solvers SO SIAM REVIEW LA English DT Article DE iterative solvers; nonlinear problems; parallel computing; preconditioning; software ID INEXACT NEWTON METHODS; DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION METHODS; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; BOUNDARY-VALUE-PROBLEMS; CONVERGENCE ACCELERATION; FUNCTION MINIMIZATION; CONJUGATE GRADIENTS; KRYLOV METHODS; ALGORITHMS; SYSTEMS AB Most efficient linear solvers use composable algorithmic components, with the most common model being the combination of a Krylov accelerator and one or more preconditioners. A similar set of concepts may be used for nonlinear algebraic systems, where nonlinear composition of different nonlinear solvers may significantly improve the time to solution. We describe the basic concepts of nonlinear composition and preconditioning and present a number of solvers applicable to nonlinear partial differential equations. We have developed a software framework in order to easily explore the possible combinations of solvers. We show that the performance gains from using composed solvers can be substantial compared with gains from standard Newton-Krylov methods. C1 [Brune, Peter R.; Smith, Barry F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Knepley, Matthew G.] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Searle Chem Lab, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Tu, Xuemin] Univ Kansas, Dept Math, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Brune, PR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM prbrune@mcs.anl.gov; knepley@ci.uchicago.edu; bsmith@mcs.anl.gov; xtu@math.ku.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This material was based upon worked supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 75 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1445 EI 1095-7200 J9 SIAM REV JI SIAM Rev. PY 2015 VL 57 IS 4 BP 535 EP 565 DI 10.1137/130936725 PG 31 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA CY8FY UT WOS:000366645400002 ER PT S AU Yashchuk, VV Tyurin, YN Tyurina, AY AF Yashchuk, Valeriy V. Tyurin, Yury N. Tyurina, Anastasia Y. BE Angelsky, OV TI Modeling of surface metrology of state-of-the-art x-ray mirrors as a result of stochastic polishing process SO TWELFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CORRELATION OPTICS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Correlation Optics CY SEP 14-18, 2015 CL Chernivtsi Natl Univ, Chernivsti, UKRAINE SP Int Commiss Opt, European Opt Soc, Opt Soc, European Phys Soc, Ukrainian Soc Pure & Appl Opt, Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi Natl Univ, Inst Postdiploma Pedag Educ, Chernivtsi Reg State Adm, Bukovinian State Med Univ, Rhythm Optoelectron Inc, AF Off Sci Res, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, US AF Res Lab, Oculus Microsurgery Clin Vash Zir, Privatbank, Arton Co, ROMA Co, Minist Educ & Sci, SPIE HO Chernivtsi Natl Univ DE surface metrology; time-invariant linear filter; TILF; autoregressive moving average; ARMA; power spectral density; PSD; fabrication tolerances; x-ray optics; surface slope profilometry ID OPTICS; ALGORITHM AB The design and evaluation of the expected performance of new optical systems requires sophisticated and reliable information about the surface topography for planned optical elements before they are fabricated. The problem is especially severe in the case of x-ray optics for modern diffraction-limited-electron-ring and free-electron-laser x-ray facilities, as well as x-ray astrophysics missions, such as the X-ray Surveyor under development. Modern x-ray source facilities are reliant upon the availability of optics of unprecedented quality, with surface slope accuracy <0.1 mu rad. The unprecedented high angular resolution and throughput of future x-ray space observatories require high quality optics of hundreds square meters in total area. The uniqueness of the optics and limited number of proficient vendors makes the fabrication extremely time consuming and expensive, mostly due to the limitations in accuracy and measurement rate of metrology used in fabrication. In this work we continue investigating the possibility to improve metrology efficiency via comprehensive statistical treatment of a compact volume of metrology data, considered to be a result of a stochastic polishing process. If successful, the modeling could provide a feedback to deterministic polishing processes, avoiding time-consuming, whole scale metrology measurements over the entire optical surface with the resolution required to cover the entire desired spatial frequency range. The modeling also allows forecasting metrology data for optics made by the same vendor and technology. The forecast data is vital for reliable specification for optical fabrication, evaluated from numerical simulation to be exactly adequate for the required system performance, avoiding both over-and under-specification. C1 [Yashchuk, Valeriy V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tyurin, Yury N.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. [Tyurin, Yury N.; Tyurina, Anastasia Y.] Second Star Algonumer, Needham, MA 02494 USA. RP Yashchuk, VV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vvyashchuk@lbl.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0050-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9809 AR 98090M DI 10.1117/12.2218750 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA BE0SO UT WOS:000366835500022 ER PT S AU Champion, C Quinto, MA Monti, JM Galassi, ME Weck, PF Fojon, OA Hanssen, J Rivarola, RD AF Champion, C. Quinto, M. A. Monti, J. M. Galassi, M. E. Weck, P. F. Fojon, O. A. Hanssen, J. Rivarola, R. D. BE Diaz, C Rabadan, I Garcia, G Mendez, L Martin, F TI Water versus DNA A new deal for proton transport modeling in biological matter SO XXIX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC, AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS (ICPEAC2015), PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC) CY JUL 22-28, 2015 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Consejo Super Investigaciones Cient AB Water vapor is a common surrogate of DNA for modeling the proton-induced ionizing processes in living tissue exposed to radiations. The present study aims at scrutinizing the validity of this approximation and then revealing new insights into proton-induced energy transfers by a comparative analysis between water and realistic biological medium. In this context, self-consistent quantum mechanical modeling of the ionization and electron capture processes is reported within the continuum distorted wave-eikonal initial state framework for both isolated water molecules and DNA components impacted by proton beams. C1 [Champion, C.] Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, Gradignan, France. [Quinto, M. A.; Monti, J. M.; Galassi, M. E.; Fojon, O. A.; Hanssen, J.; Rivarola, R. D.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Fis Rosario, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Quinto, M. A.; Monti, J. M.; Galassi, M. E.; Fojon, O. A.; Hanssen, J.; Rivarola, R. D.] Univ Nacl Rosario, RA-2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. [Weck, P. F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Champion, C (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, Gradignan, France. EM champion@cenbg.in2p3.fr; michele.arcangelo.quinto@gmail.com; monti@ifir.conicet.gov.ar; galassi@fceia.unr.edu.ar; pfweck@gmail.com; ofojon@fceia.unr.edu.ar; jocelyn.hanssen@univ.lorraine.fr; rivarola@fceia.unr.edu.ar NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 635 AR 032064 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/635/3/032064 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE0NP UT WOS:000366407000186 ER PT S AU Fang, L Xiong, H Osipov, T Petrovic, VS Berrah, N AF Fang, L. Xiong, H. Osipov, T. Petrovic, V. S. Berrah, N. BE Diaz, C Rabadan, I Garcia, G Mendez, L Martin, F TI Resonant Auger-decay induced fragmentation of glycine molecule SO XXIX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC, AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS (ICPEAC2015), PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC) CY JUL 22-28, 2015 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Consejo Super Investigaciones Cient AB We investigated the fragmentation of glycine molecule induced by resonant Auger-decay following core-shell ionization at different atomic sites by synchrotron light. We show that the dissociation pathways as well as the charge state distributions are modified due to core-level photoionization followed by Auger-decay at the different target atomic sites. The initial states for the dissociation are associated with vacancies in valence or inner-valence shells that are not localized as in core shells. We also compare the molecular dissociation following resonant and non-resonant Auger decay processes to gain insight into the influence on bond cleavage by different ionization mechanisms. C1 [Fang, L.] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr High Energy Dens Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Xiong, H.; Berrah, N.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Osipov, T.] SLAC, LCLS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Petrovic, V. S.] SLAC, PULSE Inst, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fang, L (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Ctr High Energy Dens Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM lifang@austin.utexas.edu; Nora.Berrah@uconn.edu RI Xiong, Hui/K-3107-2016 OI Xiong, Hui/0000-0002-1939-9467 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 635 AR 112050 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/635/11/112050 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE0NP UT WOS:000366407000632 ER PT S AU Fogle, M Landers, AL Moradmand, A Sartor, J Slaughter, DS Haxton, DJ Rescigno, TN McCurdy, CW Weber, T Belkacem, A Orel, AE Matsika, S AF Fogle, M. Landers, A. L. Moradmand, A. Sartor, J. Slaughter, D. S. Haxton, D. J. Rescigno, T. N. McCurdy, C. W. Weber, Th. Belkacem, A. Orel, A. E. Matsika, S. BE Diaz, C Rabadan, I Garcia, G Mendez, L Martin, F TI Ion-momentum imaging of dissociative-electron-attachment dynamics in CO2, N2O, HCCH and CF4 SO XXIX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC, AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS (ICPEAC2015), PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC) CY JUL 22-28, 2015 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Consejo Super Investigaciones Cient AB We present experimental results for dissociative electron attachment to CO2, N2O, HCCH and CF4 from an ion-momentum imaging technique. From our measured ion-momentum results we extract fragment kinetic energies and angular distributions. We directly observe the dissociation dynamics associated with the formation of transitory negative ions. We compare the experimental results with ab initio electronic structure and fixed-nuclei scattering calculations and obtain good agreement. C1 [Fogle, M.; Landers, A. L.; Moradmand, A.; Sartor, J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Slaughter, D. S.; Haxton, D. J.; Rescigno, T. N.; McCurdy, C. W.; Weber, Th.; Belkacem, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McCurdy, C. W.; Orel, A. E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem & Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Matsika, S.] Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Fogle, M (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM fogle@physics.auburn.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 635 AR 072028 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/635/7/072028 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE0NP UT WOS:000366407000378 ER PT S AU Gumberidze, A Thorn, DB Fontes, CJ Najjari, B Zhang, HL Surzhykov, A Voitkiv, A Fritzsche, S Banas, D Beyer, H Chen, W Currell, F DuBois, RD Geyer, S Grisenti, R Hagmanna, S Hegewald, M Indelicato, P Kozhuharov, C Martin, R Petridis, N Schuch, R Spillmann, U Trotsenko, S Warczak, A Weber, G Wen, W Winters, DFA Winters, N Yin, Z Stohlker, T AF Gumberidze, A. Thorn, D. B. Fontes, C. J. Najjari, B. Zhang, H. L. Surzhykov, A. Voitkiv, A. Fritzsche, S. Banas, D. Beyer, H. Chen, W. Currell, F. DuBois, R. D. Geyer, S. Grisenti, R. Hagmanna, S. Hegewald, M. Indelicato, P. Kozhuharov, C. Maertin, R. Petridis, N. Schuch, R. Spillmann, U. Trotsenko, S. Warczak, A. Weber, G. Wen, W. Winters, D. F. A. Winters, N. Yin, Z. Stoehlker, Th BE Diaz, C Rabadan, I Garcia, G Mendez, L Martin, F TI Electron- and proton-impact excitation of He-like uranium SO XXIX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC, AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS (ICPEAC2015), PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC) CY JUL 22-28, 2015 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Consejo Super Investigaciones Cient AB In this contribution, we present an experimental and theoretical study of the proton- and electron-impact excitation effects in helium-like uranium ions in relativistic collisions with different gaseous targets. The experiment was carried out at the experimental storage ring at GSI Darmstadt. Our experimental results are in agreement with predictions of the state-of-the art theory which treats both processes within the relativistic framework. C1 [Gumberidze, A.; Beyer, H.; Chen, W.; Geyer, S.; Grisenti, R.; Hagmanna, S.; Hegewald, M.; Kozhuharov, C.; Maertin, R.; Petridis, N.; Spillmann, U.; Trotsenko, S.; Weber, G.; Winters, D. F. A.; Winters, N.; Yin, Z.; Stoehlker, Th] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Thorn, D. B.; DuBois, R. D.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch, ExtreMe Matter Inst EMMI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Thorn, D. B.; DuBois, R. D.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch, Div Res, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Thorn, D. B.] Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Fontes, C. J.; Zhang, H. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Najjari, B.] Inst Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Grp RaMsEs, F-67037 Strasbourg 2, France. [Surzhykov, A.; Fritzsche, S.; Beyer, H.; Maertin, R.; Trotsenko, S.; Weber, G.; Stoehlker, Th] Helmholtz Inst Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Voitkiv, A.] Univ Dusseldorf, Theoret Phys 1, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. [Fritzsche, S.; Stoehlker, Th] Univ Jena, IOQ, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Banas, D.] Jan Kochanowski Univ Humanities & Sci, Inst Phys, PL-25406 Kielce, Poland. [Currell, F.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [DuBois, R. D.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO USA. [Geyer, S.; Grisenti, R.; Hagmanna, S.; Hegewald, M.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-60486 Frankfurt, Germany. [Indelicato, P.] Univ Paris 06, Univ Sorbonne, CNRS, Ecole Normale Super,Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Schuch, R.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Warczak, A.] Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Wen, W.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Yin, Z.] DESY, Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, Hamburg, Germany. RP Gumberidze, A (reprint author), GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. EM a.gumberidze@gsi.de RI Banas, Dariusz/F-5025-2011; Indelicato, Paul/D-7636-2011; OI Banas, Dariusz/0000-0003-1566-5446; Indelicato, Paul/0000-0003-4668-8958; Yin, Zhong/0000-0001-5594-9879 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 635 AR 022063 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/635/2/022063 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE0NP UT WOS:000366407000094 ER PT S AU Haxton, DJ Lawler, KV Rouet, FH Jones, JR Ibrahim, KZ Williams, S Vecharynski, E Yang, C Li, XY Abeln, B Rescigno, TN McCurdy, CW AF Haxton, Daniel J. Lawler, Keith V. Rouet, Francois-Henry Jones, Jeremiah R. Ibrahim, Khaled Z. Williams, Samuel Vecharynski, Eugene Yang, Chao Li, Xiaoye Abeln, Brant Rescigno, Thomas N. McCurdy, C. William BE Diaz, C Rabadan, I Garcia, G Mendez, L Martin, F TI Implementation of fixed-nuclei polyatomic MCTDHF capability and the future with nuclear motion SO XXIX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC, AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS (ICPEAC2015), PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC) CY JUL 22-28, 2015 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Consejo Super Investigaciones Cient AB We discuss the implementation (https://commons.lbl.gov/display/csd/LBNL-AMO-MCTDITF) of Multiconfiguration Time-Dependent Hartree-Fock for polyatomic molecules using a Cartesian product grid of sine basis functions, and present absorption cross sections and other results calculated C1 [Haxton, Daniel J.; Abeln, Brant; Rescigno, Thomas N.; McCurdy, C. William] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Haxton, Daniel J.; Abeln, Brant; McCurdy, C. William] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ultrafast Xray Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lawler, Keith V.] Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Jones, Jeremiah R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Math & Stat Sci, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. [Rouet, Francois-Henry; Ibrahim, Khaled Z.; Williams, Samuel; Vecharynski, Eugene; Yang, Chao; Li, Xiaoye] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Abeln, Brant; McCurdy, C. William] Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Abeln, Brant; McCurdy, C. William] Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Haxton, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 635 AR 112086 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/635/11/112086 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE0NP UT WOS:000366407000666 ER PT S AU Iskandar, W Matsumoto, J Leredde, A Flechard, X Guillous, S Zhou, CL Rangama, J Mery, A Gervais, B Hennecart, D Shiromaru, H Cassimi, A AF Iskandar, W. Matsumoto, J. Leredde, A. Flechard, X. Guillous, S. Zhou, C. L. Rangama, J. Mery, A. Gervais, B. Hennecart, D. Shiromaru, H. Cassimi, A. BE Diaz, C Rabadan, I Garcia, G Mendez, L Martin, F TI Interatomic Coulombic Decay in Low Energy Ion-Dimer Collisions SO XXIX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC, AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS (ICPEAC2015), PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC) CY JUL 22-28, 2015 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Consejo Super Investigaciones Cient AB Low energy collisions between ions and neon dimers are investigated, focusing attention on the dissociation of the ionized molecular target. The results show a clear dependance of the processes with the projectile charge state and an unexpected appearance of inner-shell single electron capture front one site of the neon diner leading to interatomic coulombic decay process and low energy electrons emission. C1 [Iskandar, W.; Guillous, S.; Zhou, C. L.; Rangama, J.; Mery, A.; Gervais, B.; Hennecart, D.; Cassimi, A.] Univ Caen, CEA, CNRS, ENSICAEN,CIMAP, F-14070 Caen 5, France. [Matsumoto, J.; Shiromaru, H.] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Chem, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. [Leredde, A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Flechard, X.] Univ Caen, CNRS IN2P3, ENSICAEA, LPC Caen, F-14050 Caen 04, France. RP Iskandar, W (reprint author), Univ Caen, CEA, CNRS, ENSICAEN,CIMAP, BP 5133, F-14070 Caen 5, France. EM iskandar@ganil.fr OI Iskandar, Wael/0000-0003-4604-4431 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 635 AR 032105 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/635/3/032105 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE0NP UT WOS:000366407000227 ER PT S AU Iskandar, W Matsumoto, J Leredde, A Flechard, X Guillous, S Zhou, CL Rangama, J Mery, A Gervais, B Hennecart, D Shiromaru, H Cassimi, A AF Iskandar, W. Matsumoto, J. Leredde, A. Flechard, X. Guillous, S. Zhou, C. L. Rangama, J. Mery, A. Gervais, B. Hennecart, D. Shiromaru, H. Cassimi, A. BE Diaz, C Rabadan, I Garcia, G Mendez, L Martin, F TI Atomic Site-Sensitive Processes in Slow Ar9+-Ar-2 Collisions SO XXIX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC, AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS (ICPEAC2015), PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC) CY JUL 22-28, 2015 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Consejo Super Investigaciones Cient AB Electron capture processes for low energy Ar9+ ions colliding on argon dimer targets are investigated, focusing attention on charge sharing between the two argon atoms as a function of the molecular orientation and the impact parameter. Confrontation between experimental results and MC-COBM simulations have been investigated to provide access to atomic site sensitivity of the different fragmentation processes by measuring the angular correlation between the scattered projectile and the recoiling fragments. C1 [Iskandar, W.; Guillous, S.; Zhou, C. L.; Rangama, J.; Mery, A.; Gervais, B.; Hennecart, D.; Cassimi, A.] Univ Caen, CEA, CNRS, ENSICAEN,CIMAP, F-14070 Caen 5, France. [Matsumoto, J.; Shiromaru, H.] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Chem, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. [Leredde, A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Flechard, X.] Univ Caen, CNRS IN2P3, ENSICAEN, LPC Caen, F-14050 Caen 04, France. RP Iskandar, W (reprint author), Univ Caen, CEA, CNRS, ENSICAEN,CIMAP, BP 5133, F-14070 Caen 5, France. EM iskandet@gnail.fr; flechard@lpccaen.in2p3.fr OI Iskandar, Wael/0000-0003-4604-4431 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 635 AR 032106 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/635/3/032106 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE0NP UT WOS:000366407000228 ER PT S AU Leredde, A Bagdasarova, Y Bailey, K Flechard, X Knecht, A Garcia, A Hong, R Lienard, E Muller, P Naviliat-Cuncic, O O'Connor, TP Sternberg, M Storm, D Swanson, E Wauters, F Zumwalt, D AF Leredde, A. Bagdasarova, Y. Bailey, K. Flechard, X. Knecht, A. Garcia, A. Hong, R. Lienard, E. Mueller, P. Naviliat-Cuncic, O. O'Connor, T. P. Sternberg, M. Storm, D. Swanson, E. Wauters, F. Zumwalt, D. BE Diaz, C Rabadan, I Garcia, G Mendez, L Martin, F TI Laser trapped He-6 as a probe of the weak interaction and a test of the sudden approximation SO XXIX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC, AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS (ICPEAC2015), PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC) CY JUL 22-28, 2015 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Consejo Super Investigaciones Cient AB Correlations between beta decay products are sensitive observables to look for exotic contributions to the weak interaction excluded by the Standard Model of particle physics. To precisely measure the beta-v angular correlation parameter, a(beta v) in He-6 beta decay, the radioactive atoms are trapped in a magneto-optical trap and the momentum of beta particles and Li-6 recoil ions are measured in coincidence. The shake-off process, leading to higher charge states of the Li, plays an important role in this observation and must be studied carefully. Its study provides stringent tests of the sudden approximation for atomic calculations in this few electron system. C1 [Leredde, A.; Bailey, K.; Mueller, P.; O'Connor, T. P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Bagdasarova, Y.; Garcia, A.; Hong, R.; Sternberg, M.; Storm, D.; Swanson, E.; Wauters, F.; Zumwalt, D.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Flechard, X.; Lienard, E.] Univ Caen Basse Normandie, LPC Caen, ENSICAEN IN2P3, F-14050 Caen, France. [Naviliat-Cuncic, O.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Knecht, A.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Viligent, Switzerland. RP Leredde, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. EM aleredde@anl.gov RI Naviliat-Cuncic, Oscar/H-5697-2016; OI Hong, Ran/0000-0002-8984-7501 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 635 AR 052066 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/635/5/052066 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE0NP UT WOS:000366407000313 ER PT S AU Muller, A Borovik, A Buhr, T Hellhund, J Holste, K Kilcoyne, ALD Klumpp, S Martins, M Ricz, S Viefhaus, J Schippers, S AF Mueller, A. Borovik, A., Jr. Buhr, T. Hellhund, J. Holste, K. Kilcoyne, A. L. D. Klumpp, S. Martins, M. Ricz, S. Viefhaus, J. Schippers, S. BE Diaz, C Rabadan, I Garcia, G Mendez, L Martin, F TI Observation of four-electron Auger processes SO XXIX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC, AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS (ICPEAC2015), PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC) CY JUL 22-28, 2015 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Consejo Super Investigaciones Cient AB Multiple ionization of ions subsequent to absorption of a single photon has been studied employing a photon-ion merged-beam setup at the PETRA III synchrotron radiation facility of DESY in Hamburg. Absolute cross sections for single, double and triple ionization of C+ ions were measured with emphasis on specific well defined terms of K-shell excited C+. In particular, the terms C+ (1s2s(2)2p(2) D-2, P-2) were excited from the ground level of C+. Subsequent autoionization processes resulted in the production of C2+, C3+ and C4+ ions. The associated decay mechanisms are single-Auger, double-Auger and triple-Auger decay. The observation of C4+ products arising from C+ (1s2s(2)2p(2) D-2, P-2) unambiguously confirmed the existence of triple-Auger decay, i.e., a process in which 4 electrons interact with one another such that one fills the K-shell vacancy and the others are simultaneously ejected. The experiment yields branching ratios for the Auger decay channels as well as individual decay rates for autoionization and radiative stabilization of the C+ (1s2s(2) D-2, P-2) terms. C1 [Mueller, A.; Borovik, A., Jr.; Buhr, T.; Hellhund, J.; Holste, K.; Ricz, S.; Schippers, S.] Univ Giessen, Inst Atom & Mol Phys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. [Buhr, T.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Holste, K.; Schippers, S.] Univ Giessen, Phys Inst 1, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. [Kilcoyne, A. L. D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Klumpp, S.; Martins, M.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. [Ricz, S.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. [Viefhaus, J.] DESY, FS PE, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. RP Muller, A (reprint author), Univ Giessen, Inst Atom & Mol Phys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. EM Alfred.Mueller@iamp.physik.uni-giessen.de RI Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013; OI Martins, Michael/0000-0002-1228-5029 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 635 AR UNSP 012033 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/635/1/012033 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE0NP UT WOS:000366407000033 ER PT S AU Muller, A Borovik, A Buhr, T Hellhund, J Holste, K Kilcoyne, ALD Klumpp, S Martins, M Ricz, S Viefhaus, J Schippers, S AF Mueller, A. Borovik, A., Jr. Buhr, T. Hellhund, J. Holste, K. Kilcoyne, A. L. D. Klumpp, S. Martins, M. Ricz, S. Viefhaus, J. Schippers, S. BE Diaz, C Rabadan, I Garcia, G Mendez, L Martin, F TI Observation of four-electron Auger processes SO XXIX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC, AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS (ICPEAC2015), PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC) CY JUL 22-28, 2015 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Consejo Super Investigaciones Cient AB Absolute cross sections for triple photoionization of C+ ions have been measured. Direct triple-Auger decay of K-shell excited states, i.e., an interaction process involving four electrons that results in the simultaneous emission of three electrons, could be unambiguously observed and quantified. C1 [Mueller, A.; Borovik, A., Jr.; Buhr, T.; Hellhund, J.; Holste, K.; Ricz, S.; Schippers, S.] Univ Giessen, Inst Atom & Mol Phys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. [Buhr, T.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Kilcoyne, A. L. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Klumpp, S.; Martins, M.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. [Ricz, S.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. [Viefhaus, J.] DESY, FS PE, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. RP Muller, A (reprint author), Univ Giessen, Inst Atom & Mol Phys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. EM Alfred.Mueller@iamp.physik.uni-giessen.de RI Muller, Alfred/A-3548-2009; Schippers, Stefan/A-7786-2008; OI Muller, Alfred/0000-0002-0030-6929; Schippers, Stefan/0000-0002-6166-7138; Martins, Michael/0000-0002-1228-5029 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 635 AR 092101 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/635/9/092101 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE0NP UT WOS:000366407000529 ER PT S AU Ozer, ZN Chaluvadi, H Dogan, M Colgan, J Madison, D AF Ozer, Zehra N. Chaluvadi, Hari Dogan, Mevlut Colgan, James Madison, Don BE Diaz, C Rabadan, I Garcia, G Mendez, L Martin, F TI First Evidence of Interference effects in the ionization of N-2 molecule SO XXIX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC, AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS (ICPEAC2015), PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC) CY JUL 22-28, 2015 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Consejo Super Investigaciones Cient AB We will present an experimental and theoretical investigation of triple differential cross sections for electron-impact ionization of nitrogen molecules at intermediate energies. A discussion of interference effects contained in the theoretical and experimental interference factors will be presented. C1 [Ozer, Zehra N.; Dogan, Mevlut] Afyon Kocatepe Univ, e COL Lab, Dept Phys, TR-03200 Afyon, Turkey. [Chaluvadi, Hari; Madison, Don] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO USA. [Colgan, James] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Ozer, ZN (reprint author), Afyon Kocatepe Univ, e COL Lab, Dept Phys, TR-03200 Afyon, Turkey. EM zehraerengil@aku.edu.tr NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 635 AR 072071 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/635/7/072071 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE0NP UT WOS:000366407000416 ER PT S AU Quinto, MA Monti, JM Weck, PF Fojon, OA Hanssen, J Rivarola, RD Champion, C AF Quinto, M. A. Monti, J. M. Weck, P. F. Fojon, O. A. Hanssen, J. Rivarola, R. D. Champion, C. BE Diaz, C Rabadan, I Garcia, G Mendez, L Martin, F TI TILDA-V: A full-differential code for proton tracking in biological matter SO XXIX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC, AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS (ICPEAC2015), PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC) CY JUL 22-28, 2015 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Consejo Super Investigaciones Cient AB Monte Carlo track structure codes are commonly used for predicting the radio-induced biological damages at the cellular scale. However most of them are based on semi-empirical cross sections as well as the use of water as surrogate of the biological matter. The aim of this work is to present our home-made Monte Carlo code, called TILDA-V, based on a quantum-mechanical cross section data base able to model all the proton- and secondary electron-induced collisions in both water and DNA. C1 [Quinto, M. A.; Champion, C.] Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, Gradignan, France. [Monti, J. M.; Fojon, O. A.; Hanssen, J.; Rivarola, R. D.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Fis Rosario, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Monti, J. M.; Fojon, O. A.; Hanssen, J.; Rivarola, R. D.] Univ Nacl Rosario, RA-2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. [Weck, P. F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Quinto, MA (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, Gradignan, France. EM michele.arcangelo.quinto@gmail.com NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 635 AR 032063 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/635/3/032063 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE0NP UT WOS:000366407000185 ER PT S AU Reedy, D Gaire, B Williams, J Weller, M Gatton, A Bauer, T Henrichs, K Burzynski, P Sartor, J Berry, B Doerner, R Weber, T Landers, AL AF Reedy, D. Gaire, B. Williams, J. Weller, M. Gatton, A. Bauer, T. Henrichs, K. Burzynski, P. Sartor, J. Berry, B. Doerner, R. Weber, Th. Landers, A. L. BE Diaz, C Rabadan, I Garcia, G Mendez, L Martin, F TI Dissociation Dynamics of Doubly Ionized Water Using 57 eV Photons SO XXIX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC, AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS (ICPEAC2015), PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC) CY JUL 22-28, 2015 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Consejo Super Investigaciones Cient AB We have measured the photoelectron emission and dissociation of water in the gas phase following double photoionization by a 57 eV photon. The momenta of the resulting dication ion fragments and electrons were measured in coincidence with Cold Target Recoil Ion Momentum Spectroscopy (COLTRIMS) [1]. The dissociation dynamics following the photoionization process show a marked dependence on both bond angle and kinetic energy release distribution among the fragments. C1 [Reedy, D.; Gatton, A.; Sartor, J.; Landers, A. L.] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Gaire, B.; Weller, M.; Gatton, A.; Weber, Th.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Williams, J.; Weller, M.; Bauer, T.; Henrichs, K.; Burzynski, P.; Doerner, R.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Expt Atom Phys Grp, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. [Berry, B.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Reedy, D (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM dpr0008@auburn.edu; landeal@auburn.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 635 AR 112141 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/635/11/112141 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE0NP UT WOS:000366407000719 ER PT S AU Rist, J Schoffler, M Moradmand, A Landers, A Gaire, B Weber, T Kolorence, P Gokhberg, K Jahnke, T Dorner, R AF Rist, J. Schoeffler, M. Moradmand, A. Landers, A. Gaire, B. Weber, T. Kolorence, P. Gokhberg, K. Jahnke, T. Doerner, R. BE Diaz, C Rabadan, I Garcia, G Mendez, L Martin, F TI Experimental measurement of Interatomic Coulombic Decay rates in Argon dimers SO XXIX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC, AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS (ICPEAC2015), PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC) CY JUL 22-28, 2015 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Consejo Super Investigaciones Cient AB We present a method by which the internuclear distance-dependent decay width G(r) of Interatomic Coulombic Decay can be obtained using a measured energy distributions and a classical nuclear dynamics model. C1 [Rist, J.; Schoeffler, M.; Jahnke, T.; Doerner, R.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Rist, J.; Gaire, B.; Weber, T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Moradmand, A.; Landers, A.] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kolorence, P.] Charles Univ Prague, Inst Theoret Phys, CR-11636 Prague, Czech Republic. [Gokhberg, K.] Heidelberg Univ, Theoret Chem Grp, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Rist, J (reprint author), Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, Max von Laue Str 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. EM rist@atom.uni-frankfurt.de; schoeffler@atom.uni-frankfurt.de RI Schoeffler, Markus/B-6261-2008 OI Schoeffler, Markus/0000-0001-9214-6848 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 635 AR 112088 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/635/11/112088 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE0NP UT WOS:000366407000667 ER PT S AU Roberts, BM Stadnik, YV Dzuba, VA Flambaum, VV Leefer, N Budker, D AF Roberts, B. M. Stadnik, Y. V. Dzuba, V. A. Flambaum, V. V. Leefer, N. Budker, D. BE Diaz, C Rabadan, I Garcia, G Mendez, L Martin, F TI New Atomic Methods for Dark Matter Detection SO XXIX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC, AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS (ICPEAC2015), PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC) CY JUL 22-28, 2015 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Consejo Super Investigaciones Cient AB We calculate the parity and time-reversal violating effects that are induced in atoms, nuclei, and molecules by their interaction with various background cosmic fields, such as axion dark matter or dark energy. C1 [Roberts, B. M.; Stadnik, Y. V.; Dzuba, V. A.; Flambaum, V. V.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Leefer, N.; Budker, D.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Helmholtz Inst Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Budker, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Budker, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Roberts, BM (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM b.roberts@unsw.edu.au RI Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016; OI Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814; Leefer, Nathan/0000-0002-4940-8432; Roberts, Benjamin/0000-0002-0345-6375 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 635 AR 022033 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/635/2/022033 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE0NP UT WOS:000366407000066 ER PT S AU Schippers, S Borovik, A Buhr, T Hellhund, J Holste, K Kilcoyne, ALD Klumpp, S Martins, M Muller, A Ricz, S Fritzsche, S AF Schippers, S. Borovik, A., Jr. Buhr, T. Hellhund, J. Holste, K. Kilcoyne, A. L. D. Klumpp, S. Martins, M. Mueller, A. Ricz, S. Fritzsche, S. BE Diaz, C Rabadan, I Garcia, G Mendez, L Martin, F TI Stepwise contraction of the nf Rydberg shells in the 3d photoionization of multiply-charged xenon ions SO XXIX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC, AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS (ICPEAC2015), PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC) CY JUL 22-28, 2015 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Consejo Super Investigaciones Cient AB Photoionization of Xe3+, Xe4+ and Xe5+ ions was measured in the energy range 670-750 eV, including the 3d ionization threshold. The cross sections exhibit a progressively larger number of sharp resonances as the ion charge state is increased. This clearly visualizes the re-ordering of the epsilon f continuum into a regular series of (bound) Rydberg orbitals as the ionic core becomes more attractive. C1 [Schippers, S.; Borovik, A., Jr.; Hellhund, J.; Holste, K.; Mueller, A.] Univ Giessen, Inst Atom & Mol Phys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. [Buhr, T.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Kilcoyne, A. L. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Klumpp, S.; Martins, M.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. [Ricz, S.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. [Fritzsche, S.] Helmholtz Inst Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Fritzsche, S.] Univ Jena, Theoret Phys Inst, D-07743 Jena, Germany. RP Schippers, S (reprint author), Univ Giessen, Inst Atom & Mol Phys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. EM Stefan.Schippers@physik.uni-giessen.de RI Muller, Alfred/A-3548-2009; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013; Schippers, Stefan/A-7786-2008; OI Muller, Alfred/0000-0002-0030-6929; Schippers, Stefan/0000-0002-6166-7138; Martins, Michael/0000-0002-1228-5029 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 635 AR 092002 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/635/9/092002 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE0NP UT WOS:000366407000440 ER PT S AU Trinter, F Miteva, T Weller, M Albrecht, S Hartung, A Richter, M Williams, J Gatton, A Gaire, B Weber, T Sartor, J Landers, A Berry, B Stumpf, V Gokhberg, K Dorner, R Jahnke, T AF Trinter, Florian Miteva, Tsveta Weller, Miriam Albrecht, Sebastian Hartung, Alexander Richter, Martin Williams, Joshua Gatton, Averell Gaire, Bishwanath Weber, Thorsten Sartor, James Landers, Allen Berry, Ben Stumpf, Vasili Gokhberg, Kirill Doerner, Reinhard Jahnke, Till BE Diaz, C Rabadan, I Garcia, G Mendez, L Martin, F TI A molecular movie of Interatomic Coulombic Decay in NeKr SO XXIX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC, AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS (ICPEAC2015), PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC) CY JUL 22-28, 2015 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Consejo Super Investigaciones Cient AB Interatomic Coulombic Decay in mixed NeKr dimers has been measured time-resolved and the nuclear dynamics of the decay have been investigated. C1 [Trinter, Florian; Weller, Miriam; Albrecht, Sebastian; Hartung, Alexander; Richter, Martin; Williams, Joshua; Doerner, Reinhard; Jahnke, Till] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Miteva, Tsveta; Stumpf, Vasili; Gokhberg, Kirill] Heidelberg Univ, Phys Chem Inst, Theoret Chem, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Gatton, Averell; Gaire, Bishwanath; Weber, Thorsten] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sartor, James; Landers, Allen] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Berry, Ben] Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, JR Macdonald Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Trinter, F (reprint author), Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. EM trinter@atom.uni-frankfurt.de NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 635 AR 112100 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/635/11/112100 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE0NP UT WOS:000366407000679 ER PT S AU Asakura, K Gando, A Gando, Y Hachiya, T Hayashida, S Ikeda, H Inoue, K Ishidoshiro, K Ishikawa, T Ishio, S Koga, M Matsuda, R Matsuda, S Mitsui, T Motoki, D Nakamura, K Obara, S Oki, Y Otani, M Oura, T Shimizu, I Shirahata, Y Shirai, J Suzuki, A Tachibana, H Tamae, K Ueshima, K Watanabe, H Xu, BD Yamauchi, Y Yoshida, H Kozlov, A Takemoto, Y Yoshida, S Fushimi, K Banks, TI Freedman, SJ Fujikawa, BK O'Donnell, T Winslow, LA Berger, BE Efremenko, Y Karwowski, HJ Markoff, DM Tornow, W Detwiler, JA Enomoto, S Decowski, MP AF Asakura, K. Gando, A. Gando, Y. Hachiya, T. Hayashida, S. Ikeda, H. Inoue, K. Ishidoshiro, K. Ishikawa, T. Ishio, S. Koga, M. Matsuda, R. Matsuda, S. Mitsui, T. Motoki, D. Nakamura, K. Obara, S. Oki, Y. Otani, M. Oura, T. Shimizu, I. Shirahata, Y. Shirai, J. Suzuki, A. Tachibana, H. Tamae, K. Ueshima, K. Watanabe, H. Xu, B. D. Yamauchi, Y. Yoshida, H. Kozlov, A. Takemoto, Y. Yoshida, S. Fushimi, K. Banks, T. I. Freedman, S. J. Fujikawa, B. K. O'Donnell, T. Winslow, L. A. Berger, B. E. Efremenko, Y. Karwowski, H. J. Markoff, D. M. Tornow, W. Detwiler, J. A. Enomoto, S. Decowski, M. P. BE Kearns, E Feldman, G TI Results from KamLAND-Zen SO XXVI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS (NEUTRINO 2014) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics (Neutrino) CY JAN 02-07, 2014 CL Boston Univ, Boston, MA SP M I T, Harward Univ, Tufts Univ HO Boston Univ DE Double beta decay; Majorana neutrino mass AB KamLAND-Zen reports on a preliminary search for neutrinoless double-beta decay with Xe-136 based on 114.8 live-days after the purification of the xenon loaded liquid scintillator. In this data, the problematic Ag-11 m background peak identified in previous searches is reduced by more than a factor of 10. By combining the KamLAND-Zen pre- and post-purification data, we obtain a preliminary lower limit on the 0 nu beta beta decay half-life of T-1/2(0 nu) > 2.6 x 10(25) yr at 90% C.L. The search sensitivity will be enhanced with additional low background data after the purification. Prospects for further improvements with future KamLAND-Zen upgrades are also presented. C1 [Asakura, K.; Gando, A.; Gando, Y.; Hachiya, T.; Hayashida, S.; Ikeda, H.; Inoue, K.; Ishidoshiro, K.; Ishikawa, T.; Ishio, S.; Koga, M.; Matsuda, R.; Matsuda, S.; Mitsui, T.; Motoki, D.; Nakamura, K.; Obara, S.; Oki, Y.; Otani, M.; Oura, T.; Shimizu, I.; Shirahata, Y.; Shirai, J.; Suzuki, A.; Tachibana, H.; Tamae, K.; Ueshima, K.; Watanabe, H.; Xu, B. D.; Yamauchi, Y.; Yoshida, H.] Tohoku Univ, Res Ctr Neutrino Sci, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Inoue, K.; Koga, M.; Nakamura, K.; Kozlov, A.; Takemoto, Y.; Fujikawa, B. K.; Efremenko, Y.; Tornow, W.; Enomoto, S.; Decowski, M. P.] Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan. [Yoshida, H.] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Fushimi, K.] Univ Tokushima, Fac Integrated Arts & Sci, Tokushima 7708502, Japan. [Banks, T. I.; Freedman, S. J.; Fujikawa, B. K.; O'Donnell, T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Banks, T. I.; Freedman, S. J.; Fujikawa, B. K.; O'Donnell, T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Winslow, L. A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Berger, B. E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Efremenko, Y.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Karwowski, H. J.; Markoff, D. M.; Tornow, W.] Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Karwowski, H. J.; Markoff, D. M.; Tornow, W.] Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Karwowski, H. J.; Markoff, D. M.; Tornow, W.] N Carolina Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC USA. [Karwowski, H. J.; Markoff, D. M.; Tornow, W.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Detwiler, J. A.; Enomoto, S.] Univ Washington, Ctr Expt Nucl Phys & Astrophys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Decowski, M. P.] Nikhef, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Decowski, M. P.] Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Asakura, K (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Res Ctr Neutrino Sci, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1313-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1666 AR 170003 DI 10.1063/14915593 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BE0NM UT WOS:000366402800045 ER PT S AU Cremonesi, O Artusa, DR Avignone, FT Azzolini, O Balata, M Banks, TI Bari, G Beeman, J Bellini, F Bersani, A Biassoni, M Brofferio, C Bucci, C Camacho, A Caminata, A Canonica, L Cao, X Capelli, S Cappelli, L Carbone, L Cardani, L Casali, N Cassina, L Chiesa, D Chott, N Clemenza, M Copello, S Cosmelli, C Creswick, RJ Dafinei, I Dally, A Datskov, V Dell'Oro, S Deninno, MM Di Domizio, S di Vacri, ML Drobizhev, A Ejzak, L Fang, DQ Farach, HA Faverzani, M Fernandes, G Ferri, E Ferroni, F Fiorini, E Franceschi, MA Freedman, SJ Fujikawa, BK Giachero, A Gironi, L Giuliani, A Gorla, P Gotti, C Gutierrez, TD Haller, EE Han, K Heeger, KM Hennings-Yeomans, R Hickerson, KP Huang, HZ Kadel, R Keppel, G Kolomensky, YG Li, YL Ligi, C Lim, KE Liu, X Ma, YG Maiano, C Maino, M Martinez, M Maruyama, RH Mei, Y Moggi, N Morganti, S Napolitano, T Nastasi, M Nisi, S Nones, C Norman, EB Nucciotti, A O'Donnell, T Orio, F Orlandi, D Ouellet, JL Pagliarone, CE Pallavicini, M Palmieri, V Pattavina, L Pavan, M Pedretti, M Pessina, G Pettinacci, V Piperno, G Pira, C Pirro, S Pozzi, S Previtali, E Rosenfeld, C Rusconi, C Sala, E Sangiorgio, S Scielzo, ND Sisti, M Smith, AR Taffarello, L Tenconi, M Terranova, F Tomei, C Trentalange, S Ventura, G Vignati, M Wang, BS Wang, HW Wielgus, L Wilson, J Winslow, LA Wise, T Woodcraft, A Zanotti, L Zarra, C Zhang, GQ Zhu, BX Zucchelli, S AF Cremonesi, O. Artusa, D. R. Avignone, F. T. Azzolini, O. Balata, M. Banks, T. I. Bari, G. Beeman, J. Bellini, F. Bersani, A. Biassoni, M. Brofferio, C. Bucci, C. Camacho, A. Caminata, A. Canonica, L. Cao, X. Capelli, S. Cappelli, L. Carbone, L. Cardani, L. Casali, N. Cassina, L. Chiesa, D. Chott, N. Clemenza, M. Copello, S. Cosmelli, C. Creswick, R. J. Dafinei, I. Dally, A. Datskov, V. Dell'Oro, S. Deninno, M. M. Di Domizio, S. di Vacri, M. L. Drobizhev, A. Ejzak, L. Fang, D. Q. Farach, H. A. Faverzani, M. Fernandes, G. Ferri, E. Ferroni, F. Fiorini, E. Franceschi, M. A. Freedman, S. J. Fujikawa, B. K. Giachero, A. Gironi, L. Giuliani, A. Gorla, P. Gotti, C. Gutierrez, T. D. Haller, E. E. Han, K. Heeger, K. M. Hennings-Yeomans, R. Hickerson, K. P. Huang, H. Z. Kadel, R. Keppel, G. Kolomensky, Yu G. Li, Y. L. Ligi, C. Lim, K. E. Liu, X. Ma, Y. G. Maiano, C. Maino, M. Martinez, M. Maruyama, R. H. Mei, Y. Moggi, N. Morganti, S. Napolitano, T. Nastasi, M. Nisi, S. Nones, C. Norman, E. B. Nucciotti, A. O'Donnell, T. Orio, F. Orlandi, D. Ouellet, J. L. Pagliarone, C. E. Pallavicini, M. Palmieri, V. Pattavina, L. Pavan, M. Pedretti, M. Pessina, G. Pettinacci, V. Piperno, G. Pira, C. Pirro, S. Pozzi, S. Previtali, E. Rosenfeld, C. Rusconi, C. Sala, E. Sangiorgio, S. Scielzo, N. D. Sisti, M. Smith, A. R. Taffarello, L. Tenconi, M. Terranova, F. Tomei, C. Trentalange, S. Ventura, G. Vignati, M. Wang, B. S. Wang, H. W. Wielgus, L. Wilson, J. Winslow, L. A. Wise, T. Woodcraft, A. Zanotti, L. Zarra, C. Zhang, G. Q. Zhu, B. X. Zucchelli, S. BE Kearns, E Feldman, G TI CUORE-0 results and prospects for the CUORE experiment SO XXVI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS (NEUTRINO 2014) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics (Neutrino) CY JAN 02-07, 2014 CL Boston Univ, Boston, MA SP M I T, Harward Univ, Tufts Univ HO Boston Univ DE Double beta decay; neutrino; CUORE; bolometer; inverted hierarchy ID RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION; RARE EVENTS; BOLOMETERS; VALIDATION; DETECTORS; CUORICINO; NEUTRON; SIGNALS AB With 741 kg of TeO2 crystals and an excellent energy resolution of 5 keV (0.2%) at the region of interest, the CUORE (Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events) experiment aims at searching for neutrinoless double beta decay of Te-130 with unprecedented sensitivity. Expected to start data taking in 2015, CUORE is currently in an advanced construction phase at LNGS. CUORE projected neutrinoless double beta decay half-life sensitivity is 1.6 x 10(26) y at 1 sigma (9.5 x 10(25) y at the 90 % confidence level), in five years of live time, corresponding to an upper limit on the effective Majorana mass in the range 40-100 meV (50-130 meV). Further background rejection with auxiliary bolometric detectors could improve CUORE sensitivity and competitiveness of bolometric detectors towards a full analysis of the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy. CUORE-0 was built to test and demonstrate the performance of the upcoming CUORE experiment. It consists of a single CUORE tower (52 TeO2 bolometers of 750 g each, arranged in a 13 floor structure) constructed strictly following CUORE recipes both for materials and assembly procedures. An experiment its own, CUORE-0 is expected to reach a sensitivity to the beta beta(0 nu) half-life of Te-130 around 3 x 10(24) y in one year of live time. We present an update of the data, corresponding to an exposure of 18.1 kg y. An analysis of the background indicates that the CUORE performance goal is satisfied while the sensitivity goal is within reach. C1 [Cremonesi, O.; Biassoni, M.; Brofferio, C.; Capelli, S.; Carbone, L.; Chiesa, D.; Clemenza, M.; Datskov, V.; Faverzani, M.; Ferri, E.; Fiorini, E.; Giachero, A.; Gironi, L.; Gotti, C.; Maiano, C.; Maino, M.; Nucciotti, A.; Pavan, M.; Pessina, G.; Pozzi, S.; Previtali, E.; Rusconi, C.; Sala, E.; Sisti, M.; Terranova, F.; Zanotti, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy. [Artusa, D. R.; Avignone, F. T.; Chott, N.; Farach, H. A.; Rosenfeld, C.; Wilson, J.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Artusa, D. R.; Balata, M.; Bucci, C.; Canonica, L.; Cappelli, L.; Casali, N.; Dell'Oro, S.; di Vacri, M. L.; Gorla, P.; Nisi, S.; Orlandi, D.; Pagliarone, C. E.; Pattavina, L.; Pirro, S.; Zarra, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, I-67010 Laquila, Italy. [Azzolini, O.; Camacho, A.; Keppel, G.; Palmieri, V.; Pira, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Padua, Italy. [Banks, T. I.; Drobizhev, A.; Freedman, S. J.; Hennings-Yeomans, R.; Kolomensky, Yu G.; O'Donnell, T.; Ouellet, J. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Banks, T. I.; Freedman, S. J.; Fujikawa, B. K.; Han, K.; Mei, Y.; Ouellet, J. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bari, G.; Deninno, M. M.; Moggi, N.; Zucchelli, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Beeman, J.; Haller, E. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bellini, F.; Cardani, L.; Cosmelli, C.; Ferroni, F.; Piperno, G.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Bellini, F.; Cardani, L.; Cosmelli, C.; Dafinei, I.; Ferroni, F.; Morganti, S.; Orio, F.; Pettinacci, V.; Piperno, G.; Tomei, C.; Vignati, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Bersani, A.; Caminata, A.; Copello, S.; Di Domizio, S.; Fernandes, G.; Pallavicini, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Biassoni, M.; Brofferio, C.; Capelli, S.; Cassina, L.; Chiesa, D.; Clemenza, M.; Faverzani, M.; Ferri, E.; Fiorini, E.; Giachero, A.; Gironi, L.; Gotti, C.; Maiano, C.; Maino, M.; Nastasi, M.; Nucciotti, A.; Pavan, M.; Pozzi, S.; Sala, E.; Sisti, M.; Zanotti, L.] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis, I-20126 Milan, Italy. [Cao, X.; Fang, D. Q.; Li, Y. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Wang, H. W.; Zhang, G. Q.] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Cappelli, L.; Pagliarone, C. E.] Univ Cassino & Lazio Merid, Dipartimento Ingn Civile & Meccan, I-03043 Cassino, Aas, Italy. [Creswick, R. J.; Heeger, K. M.; Lim, K. E.; Maruyama, R. H.; Wise, T.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Dally, A.; Ejzak, L.; Wielgus, L.; Wise, T.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Di Domizio, S.; Fernandes, G.; Pallavicini, M.] Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Franceschi, M. A.; Ligi, C.; Napolitano, T.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Giuliani, A.; Tenconi, M.] Ctr Spectrometrie Nucl & Spectrometrie Masse, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Gutierrez, T. D.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Haller, E. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hickerson, K. P.; Huang, H. Z.; Liu, X.; Trentalange, S.; Winslow, L. A.; Zhu, B. X.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kadel, R.; Kolomensky, Yu G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Martinez, M.] Univ Zaragoza, Lab Fis Nucl & Astroparticulas, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. [Nones, C.] CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Particules, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Norman, E. B.; Pedretti, M.; Sangiorgio, S.; Scielzo, N. D.; Wang, B. S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Norman, E. B.; Wang, B. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Smith, A. R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, EH&S Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Taffarello, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Ventura, G.] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Fis, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Ventura, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Woodcraft, A.] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, SUPA, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Zucchelli, S.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. RP Cremonesi, O (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy. EM cuore-spokesperson@lngs.fn.it RI Casali, Nicola/C-9475-2017; Ferri, Elena/L-8531-2014; Martinez, Maria/K-4827-2012; Gironi, Luca/P-2860-2016; Pattavina, Luca/I-7498-2015; capelli, silvia/G-5168-2012; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Nucciotti, Angelo/I-8888-2012; Giachero, Andrea/I-1081-2013; Di Domizio, Sergio/L-6378-2014; Chiesa, Davide/H-7240-2014; Vignati, Marco/H-1684-2013 OI Casali, Nicola/0000-0003-3669-8247; Cushman, Jeremy/0000-0002-8491-3725; Cardani, Laura/0000-0001-5410-118X; pavan, maura/0000-0002-9723-7834; Pozzi, Stefano/0000-0003-2986-1990; Ferri, Elena/0000-0003-1425-3669; Martinez, Maria/0000-0002-9043-4691; Gironi, Luca/0000-0003-2019-0967; Pattavina, Luca/0000-0003-4192-849X; capelli, silvia/0000-0002-0300-2752; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Nucciotti, Angelo/0000-0002-8458-1556; Giachero, Andrea/0000-0003-0493-695X; Di Domizio, Sergio/0000-0003-2863-5895; Chiesa, Davide/0000-0003-1978-1727; Vignati, Marco/0000-0002-8945-1128 NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1313-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1666 AR 170001 DI 10.1063/1.4915591 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BE0NM UT WOS:000366402800043 ER PT S AU Gann, GDO AF Gann, Gabriel D. Orebi BE Kearns, E Feldman, G TI Everything Under the Sun: A Review of Solar Neutrinos SO XXVI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS (NEUTRINO 2014) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics (Neutrino) CY JAN 02-07, 2014 CL Boston Univ, Boston, MA SP M I T, Harward Univ, Tufts Univ HO Boston Univ DE Solar neutrinos; Sun; oscillations; new physics ID LITHIUM EXPERIMENT; DETECTOR; MATTER AB Solar neutrinos offer a unique opportunity to study the interaction of neutrinos with matter, a sensitive search for potential new physics effects, and a probe of solar structure and solar system formation. This paper describes the broad physics program addressed by solar neutrino studies, presents the current suite of experiments programs, and describes several potential future detectors that could address the open questions in this field. This paper is a summary of a talk presented at the Neutrino 2014 conference in Boston. C1 [Gann, Gabriel D. Orebi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gann, Gabriel D. Orebi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gann, GDO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1313-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1666 AR 090003 DI 10.1063/1.4915568 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BE0NM UT WOS:000366402800020 ER PT S AU Garvey, GT Hayes, AC Jungman, G Jonkmans, G AF Garvey, G. T. Hayes, A. C. Jungman, Gerard Jonkmans, G. BE Kearns, E Feldman, G TI Further Investigation of the "Reactor Anomaly" SO XXVI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS (NEUTRINO 2014) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics (Neutrino) CY JAN 02-07, 2014 CL Boston Univ, Boston, MA SP M I T, Harward Univ, Tufts Univ HO Boston Univ ID NEUTRON FISSION-PRODUCTS; ANTINEUTRINO SPECTRA; PU-239 AB The effect of a more realistic and extensive inclusion of first forbidden beta decay into the determination of the reactor neutrino flux is investigated. Forbidden decays make up approximately 30% of all fission product decays so their possible impact on the neutrino flux should not be neglected. Because of an incomplete knowledge of the requisite nuclear structure it is not possible to incorporate the forbidden decays in an exact fashion thus a variety of scenarios are investigated. It appears that including first forbidden decays measurably modifies the anti-neutrino spectrum, and the uncertainty on the neutrino flux should be expanded beyond 4%. C1 [Garvey, G. T.; Hayes, A. C.; Jungman, Gerard] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Jonkmans, G.] AECL, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. RP Garvey, GT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM garvey@lanl.gov; anna_hayes@lanl.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1313-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1666 AR 080001 DI 10.1063/1.4915562 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BE0NM UT WOS:000366402800014 ER PT S AU Zhang, C AF Zhang, Chao CA Daya Bay Collaboration BE Kearns, E Feldman, G TI Recent Results From The Daya Bay Experiment SO XXVI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS (NEUTRINO 2014) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics (Neutrino) CY JAN 02-07, 2014 CL Boston Univ, Boston, MA SP M I T, Harward Univ, Tufts Univ HO Boston Univ DE neutrino oscillation; reactor neutrino; Daya Bay; theta(13) ID NEUTRON FISSION-PRODUCTS; ANTINEUTRINO DETECTORS; SPECTRA AB The Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment has observed the disappearance of electron antineutrinos from nuclear reactors at similar to kilometer baselines. The relative measurement of the (nu) over bar (e) rate and spectrum between near and far detectors allows for a precision measurement of the oscillation parameters sin(2)2 theta(13) and vertical bar Delta m(ee)(2)vertical bar. Two new antineutrino detectors (ADs) were installed in summer 2012, bringing the experiment to the final 8-AD configuration. With 621 days of data, Daya Bay has measured sin(2)2 theta(13) = 0.084 +/- 0.005 and vertical bar Delta m(ee)(2)vertical bar = 2.44(-0.11)(+0.10)x10(-3) eV(2). This is the most precise measurement of sin(2)2 theta(13) to date and the most precise measurement of vertical bar Delta m(ee)(2)vertical bar in this channel. Several other analyses are also performed, including an independent measurement of sin(2)2 theta(13) using (nu) over bar (e) samples tagged by neutron capture on hydrogen, a search for light sterile neutrinos, and a measurement of the absolute reactor antineutrino flux. C1 [Zhang, Chao; Daya Bay Collaboration] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhang, C (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Zhang, Chao/0000-0003-2298-6272 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1313-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2015 VL 1666 AR 080003 DI 10.1063/1.4915564 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BE0NM UT WOS:000366402800016 ER PT S AU Shin, J Yen, JT AF Shin, Junseob Yen, Jesse T. GP IEEE TI Aadaptive Imaging with Multi-Phase Apodization with Cross-correlation: Phantom and in vivo Results SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM (IUS) SE IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS) CY OCT 21-24, 2015 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE DE dual apodiztion; multi-apodization; phase apodization; clutter suppression; contrast enhancement; beamforming; grating lobes; reverberation ID DUAL APODIZATION; CLUTTER AB Dual Apodization with Cross-correlation (DAX) is a novel beamforming technique that utilizes a pair of complementary receive amplitude apodizations for ultrasound image contrast enhancement. The effectiveness of DAX in vivo is often reduced because of the strong reverberation clutter signals caused by near-field structures. In this work, we propose a modified version of DAX, known as Multi-Phase Apodization with Cross-correlation (MPAX), which utilizes multiple pairs of complementary phase apodizations for robust suppression of reverberation clutter. Our experimental sponge phantom results and initial clinical results from a healthy volunteer show that MPAX achieves CNR values higher than or comparable to DAX with much more uniform reverberation clutter suppression throughout the field-of-view. Hence, MPAX results in a large improvement in image quality and shows great potential for more accurate diagnosis in clinics. C1 [Shin, Junseob] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Yen, Jesse T.] Univ So Calif, Dept Biomed Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Shin, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM junseobs@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1948-5719 BN 978-1-4799-8182-3 J9 IEEE INT ULTRA SYM PY 2015 DI 10.1109/ULTSYM.2015.0015 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0HK UT WOS:000366045700527 ER PT S AU Mohringe, HC Kersting, P Carmignatod, S Yague-Fabrad, JA Maestro, M Jimenez, R Ferraris, E Tunc, LT Bleicher, F Wits, WW Walczak, K Hedlind, M AF Moehringe, H. -C. Kersting, P. Carmignato, S. Yaguee-Fabrad, J. A. Maestro, M. Jimenez, R. Ferraris, E. Tunc, L. T. Bleicher, F. Wits, W. W. Walczak, K. Hedlind, M. BE Caggiano, A TI A testpart for interdisciplinary analyses in micro production engineering SO 3RD CIRP GLOBAL WEB CONFERENCE - PRODUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH ADVANCEMENT BEYOND STATE OF THE ART (CIRPE2014) SE Procedia CIRP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd CIRP Global Web Conference on Production Engineering Research - Advancement Beyond State of the Art (CIRPe) CY JUN 03-05, 2014 CL Univ Naples Federico II, Naples, ITALY HO Univ Naples Federico II DE Micro Production Engineering; Testpart; Round Robin; Micro Milling; Additive Manufacturing; Metrology; Computed Tomography ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY AB In 2011, a round robin test was initiated within the group of CIRP Research Affiliates. The aim was to establish a platform for linking interdisciplinary research in order to share the expertise and experiences of participants all over the world. This paper introduces a testpart which has been designed to allow an analysis of different manufacturing technologies, simulation methods, machinery and metrology as well as process and production planning aspects. Current investigations are presented focusing on the machining and additive processes to produce the geometry, simulation approaches, machine analysis, and a comparison of measuring technologies. Challenges and limitations regarding the manufacturing and evaluation of the testpart features by the applied methods are discussed. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Moehringe, H. -C.] OvGU Magdeburg, IFQ, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany. [Kersting, P.] TU Dortmund, ISF, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. [Carmignato, S.] Univ Padua, DTG, I-36100 Vicenza, Italy. [Yaguee-Fabrad, J. A.; Maestro, M.] Univ Zaragoza, I3A, Zaragoza 50018, Spain. [Jimenez, R.] Ctr Univ Def, I3A, Zaragoza 50090, Spain. [Ferraris, E.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Mech Engn, B-2860 St Katelijne Waver, Belgium. [Tunc, L. T.] Sabanci Univ, Fac Engn & Nat Sci, Mfg Res Lab, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey. [Bleicher, F.] Vienna Univ Technol, IFT, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Wits, W. W.] Univ Twente, Fac Engn Tech, Lab Design Prod & Management, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Walczak, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Joint Ctr Artificial Photosynth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hedlind, M.] Scania CV AB, Global Ind Dev, S-15187 Sodertalje, Sweden. RP Mohringe, HC (reprint author), OvGU Magdeburg, IFQ, Univ Pl 2, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany. EM hc.moehring@ovgu.de RI Ferraris, Eleonora/E-1720-2016; OI Ferraris, Eleonora/0000-0003-1618-365X; Carmignato, Simone/0000-0001-6135-6834; Wits, Wessel/0000-0002-5102-5545; Hedlind, Mikael/0000-0002-8243-9505 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2212-8271 J9 PROC CIRP PY 2015 VL 28 BP 106 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.procir.2015.04.018 PG 7 WC Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering GA BE0KA UT WOS:000366177000017 ER PT S AU Kasman, E Erdmann, M Stoupin, S AF Kasman, Elina Erdmann, Mark Stoupin, Stanislav BE Khounsary, AM MacDonald, CA TI The best of both worlds: automated CMP polishing of channel- cut monochromators SO ADVANCES IN LABORATORY-BASED X-RAY SOURCES, OPTICS, AND APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Laboratory-Based X-Ray Sources, Optics, and Applications IV CY AUG 10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray monochromator; channel-cut; polishing; subsurface damage; CMP; coherence; rocking curve AB The use of a channel-cut monochromator is the most straightforward method to ensure that the two reflection surfaces maintain alignment between crystallographic planes without the need for complicated alignment mechanisms. Three basic characteristics that affect monochromator performance are: subsurface damage which contaminates spectral purity; surface roughness which reduces efficiency due to scattering; and surface figure error which imparts intensity structure and coherence distortion in the beam. Standard chemical-mechanical polishing processes and equipment are used when the diffracting surface is easily accessible, such as for single-bounce monochromators. Due to the inaccessibly of the surfaces inside a channel-cut monochromator for polishing, these optics are generally wet-etched for their final processing. This results in minimal subsurface damage, but very poor roughness and figure error. A new CMP channel polishing instrument design is presented which allows the internal diffracting surface quality of channel-cut crystals to approach that of conventional single-bounce monochromators. C1 [Kasman, Elina; Erdmann, Mark; Stoupin, Stanislav] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kasman, E (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-756-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9590 AR 95900D DI 10.1117/12.2196034 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0MN UT WOS:000366305100007 ER PT S AU Antimonov, M Khounsary, A Weigand, S Rix, J Keane, DT Grudzinski, JJ Johnson, A Zhou, Z Jansma, W AF Antimonov, M. Khounsary, A. Weigand, S. Rix, J. Keane, D. T. Grudzinski, J. J. Johnson, A. Zhou, Z. Jansma, W. BE Goto, S Morawe, C Khounsary, AM TI Large-Area Kapton X-ray Windows SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS AND COMPONENTS X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in XRay/ EUV Optics and Components X CY AUG 11-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Kapton; window; X-ray; vacuum; small / wide angle scattering; mechanical properties; creep; design; analysis AB Some X-ray instruments require the utilization of large-area windows to provide vacuum barriers. The necessary attributes of the window material include transparency to X-rays, low scattering, and possession of suitable mechanical properties for reliable long-term performance. Kapton is one such material except that it is a polymer and a large window made from Kapton with a pressure differential of one atmosphere across it can undergo substantial deformation at room temperature. In this paper, we report on the mechanical testing of Kapton samples including creep measurements, and comparison with published data. We use of these data together with analytical / numerical models to predict the changes in the profile of Kapton vacuum windows over time, and show good agreement with experimental measurements. C1 [Antimonov, M.; Khounsary, A.; Zhou, Z.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Khounsary, A.] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Weigand, S.; Rix, J.; Keane, D. T.] Northwestern Univ, DND CAT, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Grudzinski, J. J.; Jansma, W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Johnson, A.] Bowling Green State Univ, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. [Antimonov, M.] Peter Great St Petersburg Polytech Univ, St Petersburg 195251, Russia. RP Khounsary, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM amk@iit.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-754-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9588 AR 95880F DI 10.1117/12.2193680 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BE0MB UT WOS:000366292900011 ER PT S AU Popecki, MA Bennis, D Adams, B O'Mahony, A Craven, CA Foley, MR Minot, MJ Renaud, JM Bond, JL Stochaj, ME Attenkofer, K Stavitski, E AF Popecki, Mark A. Bennis, Daniel Adams, Bernhard O'Mahony, Aileen Craven, Christopher A. Foley, Michael R. Minot, Michael J. Renaud, Joseph M. Bond, Justin L. Stochaj, Michael E. Attenkofer, Klaus Stavitski, Eli BE Goto, S Morawe, C Khounsary, AM TI Development of polycapillary X-ray optics for synchrotron spectroscopy SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS AND COMPONENTS X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in XRay/ EUV Optics and Components X CY AUG 11-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE polycapillary; capillary; X-ray; focusing; optics AB A new spectrometer design that will result in a highly efficient, easy to handle, low-cost, high-resolution spectroscopy system with excellent background suppression is being developed for the NSLS-II Inner-Shell Spectroscopy beamline. This system utilizes non-diffractive optics comprised of fused and directed glass capillary tubes that will be used to collect and pre-collimate fluorescence photons. There are several advantages enabled by this design; a large energy range is accessible without modifying the s-stem, a large collection angle is achieved per detection unit: 4-5% of the full solid angle, easy integration in complex and harsh environments is enabled due to the use of a pre-collimation system as a secondary source for the spectrometer, and background from a complex sample environment can be easily and efficiently suppressed. The polycapillary X-ray focusing optics segment of this application has been under development. This includes improvement in manufacturing methods of polycapillary structure for x-ray optics, forming the polycapillary structure to produce X-ray optics to achieve the required solid angle collection and transmission efficiency, and measurement of Xray focusing properties of the optics using an X-ray source. Two promising advances are large open area ratios of 80% or more, and the possibility of adding coatings in the capillaries using Atomic Layer Deposition techniques to improve reflection efficiency. C1 [Popecki, Mark A.; Bennis, Daniel; Adams, Bernhard; O'Mahony, Aileen; Craven, Christopher A.; Foley, Michael R.; Minot, Michael J.; Renaud, Joseph M.; Bond, Justin L.; Stochaj, Michael E.] Incom Inc, Charlton, MA 01507 USA. [Attenkofer, Klaus; Stavitski, Eli] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Popecki, MA (reprint author), Incom Inc, 294 Southbridge Rd, Charlton, MA 01507 USA. EM map@incomusa.com NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-754-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9588 AR 95880D DI 10.1117/12.2188687 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BE0MB UT WOS:000366292900009 ER PT J AU Ganushkina, NY Liemohn, MW Dubyagin, S Daglis, IA Dandouras, I De Zeeuw, DL Ebihara, Y Ilie, R Katus, R Kubyshkina, M Milan, SE Ohtani, S Ostgaard, N Reistad, JP Tenfjord, P Toffoletto, F Zaharia, S Amariutei, O AF Ganushkina, N. Y. Liemohn, M. W. Dubyagin, S. Daglis, I. A. Dandouras, I. De Zeeuw, D. L. Ebihara, Y. Ilie, R. Katus, R. Kubyshkina, M. Milan, S. E. Ohtani, S. Ostgaard, N. Reistad, J. P. Tenfjord, P. Toffoletto, F. Zaharia, S. Amariutei, O. TI Defining and resolving current systems in geospace SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric physics; current systems ID FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; SUBSTORM CURRENT WEDGE; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; MAGNETOTAIL CURRENT SHEET; SCALE BIRKELAND CURRENTS; NEAR-EARTH MAGNETOTAIL; AMPTE/CCE-CHEM MEASUREMENTS; PLASMA PRESSURE-GRADIENTS; ASYMMETRIC RING CURRENT; DAWN-DUSK ASYMMETRY AB Electric currents flowing through near-Earth space (R <= 12 R-E) can support a highly distorted magnetic field topology, changing particle drift paths and therefore having a nonlinear feedback on the currents themselves. A number of current systems exist in the magnetosphere, most commonly defined as (1) the dayside magnetopause Chapman-Ferraro currents, (2) the Birkeland field-aligned currents with high-latitude "region 1" and lower-latitude "region 2" currents connected to the partial ring current, (3) the magnetotail currents, and (4) the symmetric ring current. In the near-Earth nightside region, however, several of these current systems flow in close proximity to each other. Moreover, the existence of other temporal current systems, such as the substorm current wedge or "banana" current, has been reported. It is very difficult to identify a local measurement as belonging to a specific system. Such identification is important, however, because how the current closes and how these loops change in space and time governs the magnetic topology of the magnetosphere and therefore controls the physical processes of geospace. Furthermore, many methods exist for identifying the regions of near-Earth space carrying each type of current. This study presents a robust collection of these definitions of current systems in geospace, particularly in the near-Earth nightside magnetosphere, as viewed from a variety of observational and computational analysis techniques. The influence of definitional choice on the resulting interpretation of physical processes governing geospace dynamics is presented and discussed. C1 [Ganushkina, N. Y.; Dubyagin, S.; Amariutei, O.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Earth Observat Dept, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Ganushkina, N. Y.; Liemohn, M. W.; De Zeeuw, D. L.; Ilie, R.; Katus, R.] Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Daglis, I. A.] Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Athens 15784, Greece. [Dandouras, I.] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, Astrophys & Planetary Sci Res Inst, Toulouse, France. [Ebihara, Y.] Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Uji, Kyoto, Japan. [Kubyshkina, M.] Univ St Petersburg, Inst Phys, St Petersburg, Russia. [Milan, S. E.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Milan, S. E.; Ostgaard, N.; Reistad, J. P.; Tenfjord, P.] Univ Bergen, Birkeland Ctr Space Sci, Dept Phys & Technol, Bergen, Norway. [Ohtani, S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Toffoletto, F.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX USA. [Zaharia, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR Div 1, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Ganushkina, NY (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, Earth Observat Dept, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. EM natalia.ganushkina@fmi.fi RI Daglis, Ioannis/L-6100-2013; Ebihara, Yusuke/D-1638-2013; Ohtani, Shinichi/E-3914-2016; Kubyshkina, Marina/G-9436-2013 OI Daglis, Ioannis/0000-0002-0764-3442; Ebihara, Yusuke/0000-0002-2293-1557; Ohtani, Shinichi/0000-0002-9565-6840; Kubyshkina, Marina/0000-0001-5897-9547 FU International Space Science Institute in Bern, Switzerland; Academy of Finland; NASA [NNX14AF34G]; European Union [606716 SPACESTORM, 637302 PROGRESS]; Research Council of Norway/CoE [223252/F50]; Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK) [ST/K001000/1]; NSF [AGS-1104338] FX The authors thank the International Space Science Institute in Bern, Switzerland, for their support of an international team on "Resolving Current Systems in Geospace". The work of N. Ganushkina and S. Dubyagin was partly supported by the Academy of Finland. The work of N. Ganushkina was also partly supported by NASA award NNX14AF34G. The part of the research done by N. Ganushkina and S. Dubyagin leading to these results received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement 606716 SPACESTORM and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement 637302 PROGRESS. The work at Birkeland Centre for Space Science, University of Bergen, Norway, was supported by the Research Council of Norway/CoE under contract 223252/F50. S. E. Milan was supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), grant no. ST/K001000/1. Work at JHU/APL was supported by NSF grant AGS-1104338. NR 290 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2015 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1369 EP 1402 DI 10.5194/angeo-33-1369-2015 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX8TY UT WOS:000365978300004 ER PT J AU Zhang, R Wang, H Hegg, DA Qian, Y Doherty, SJ Dang, C Ma, PL Rasch, PJ Fu, Q AF Zhang, R. Wang, H. Hegg, D. A. Qian, Y. Doherty, S. J. Dang, C. Ma, P. -L. Rasch, P. J. Fu, Q. TI Quantifying sources of black carbon in western North America using observationally based analysis and an emission tagging technique in the Community Atmosphere Model SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-ABSORBING PARTICLES; UNITED-STATES; ARCTIC SNOW; AIR-QUALITY; TIBETAN PLATEAU; INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT; MULTIMODEL ASSESSMENT; SOURCE ATTRIBUTION; SEASONAL SNOW; CLIMATE MODEL AB The Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5), equipped with a technique to tag black carbon (BC) emissions by source regions and types, has been employed to establish source-receptor relationships for atmospheric BC and its deposition to snow over western North America. The CAM5 simulation was conducted with meteorological fields constrained by reanalysis for year 2013 when measurements of BC in both near-surface air and snow are available for model evaluation. We find that CAM5 has a significant low bias in predicted mixing ratios of BC in snow but only a small low bias in predicted atmospheric concentrations over northwestern USA and western Canada. Even with a strong low bias in snow mixing ratios, radiative transfer calculations show that the BC-in-snow darkening effect is substantially larger than the BC dimming effect at the surface by atmospheric BC. Local sources contribute more to near-surface atmospheric BC and to deposition than distant sources, while the latter are more important in the middle and upper troposphere where wet removal is relatively weak. Fossil fuel (FF) is the dominant source type for total column BC burden over the two regions. FF is also the dominant local source type for BC column burden, deposition, and near-surface BC, while for all distant source regions combined the contribution of biomass/biofuel (BB) is larger than FF. An observationally based positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of the snow-impurity chemistry is conducted to quantitatively evaluate the CAM5 BC source-type attribution. While CAM5 is qualitatively consistent with the PMF analysis with respect to partitioning of BC originating from BB and FF emissions, it significantly underestimates the relative contribution of BB. In addition to a possible low bias in BB emissions used in the simulation, the model is likely missing a significant source of snow darkening from local soil found in the observations. C1 [Zhang, R.; Fu, Q.] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Key Lab Semi Arid Climate Change, Minist Educ, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, R.; Wang, H.; Qian, Y.; Ma, P. -L.; Rasch, P. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hegg, D. A.; Dang, C.; Fu, Q.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Doherty, S. J.] Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Zhang, R.] Nanjing Univ, Inst Climate & Global Change Res, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, R.] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, R.] Collaborat Innovat Ctr Climate Change, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rdzhang@nju.edu.cn; hailong.wang@pnnl.gov RI qian, yun/E-1845-2011; Ma, Po-Lun/G-7129-2015; Wang, Hailong/B-8061-2010 OI Ma, Po-Lun/0000-0003-3109-5316; Wang, Hailong/0000-0002-1994-4402 FU US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research as part of Earth System Modeling Program; National Science Foundation; DOE Office of Science; EPA STAR [RD-82503801]; China Scholarship Fund; European Union Seventh Framework Program [282688 - ECLIPSE] FX This research is based on work supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research as part of the Earth System Modeling Program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RLO1830. The CESM project is supported by the National Science Foundation and the DOE Office of Science. D. A. Hegg, S. J. Doherty, C. Dang, and Q. Fu acknowledge support from the EPA STAR grant RD-82503801. R. Zhang acknowledges support from the China Scholarship Fund. We gratefully thank Stephen G. Warren for helpful advice and discussion on using the snow impurity data. ECLIPSE emission data sets are available from http://www.geiacenter.org/access. Funding for the development of the ECLIPSE emission data set was provided by the European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 282688 - ECLIPSE. The IMPROVE network data were made available at http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/improve/. Computational resources were provided by the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a national scientific user facility located at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California. NERSC is the flagship scientific computing facility for the Office of Science in DOE. A portion of the research was performed using DOE EMSL Molecular Sciences Computing resources located at PNNL. NR 80 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 22 BP 12805 EP 12822 DI 10.5194/acp-15-12805-2015 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX8TM UT WOS:000365977100007 ER PT J AU Jordan, CE Anderson, BE Beyersdorf, AJ Corr, CA Dibb, JE Greenslade, ME Martin, RF Moore, RH Scheuer, E Shook, MA Thornhill, KL Troop, D Winstead, EL Ziemba, LD AF Jordan, C. E. Anderson, B. E. Beyersdorf, A. J. Corr, C. A. Dibb, J. E. Greenslade, M. E. Martin, R. F. Moore, R. H. Scheuer, E. Shook, M. A. Thornhill, K. L. Troop, D. Winstead, E. L. Ziemba, L. D. TI Spectral aerosol extinction (SpEx): a new instrument for in situ ambient aerosol extinction measurements across the UV/visible wavelength range SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC BROWN CARBON; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; BLACK CARBON; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ANGSTROM EXPONENT; DESERT DUST; CALIBRATION; COMBUSTION AB We introduce a new instrument for the measurement of in situ ambient aerosol extinction over the 300700 nm wavelength range, the spectral aerosol extinction (SpEx) instrument. This measurement capability is envisioned to complement existing in situ instrumentation, allowing for simultaneous measurement of the evolution of aerosol optical, chemical, and physical characteristics in the ambient environment. In this work, a detailed description of the instrument is provided along with characterization tests performed in the laboratory. Measured spectra of NO2 and polystyrene latex spheres (PSLs) agreed well with theoretical calculations. Good agreement was also found with simultaneous aerosol extinction measurements at 450, 530, and 630 nm using CAPS PMex instruments in a series of 22 tests including nonabsorbing compounds, dusts, soot, and black and brown carbon analogs. SpEx measurements are expected to help identify the presence of ambient brown carbon due to its 300 nm lower wavelength limit compared to measurements limited to longer UV and visible wavelengths. Extinction spectra obtained with SpEx contain more information than can be conveyed by a simple power law fit (typically represented by Angstrom exponents). Planned future improvements aim to lower detection limits and ruggedize the instrument for mobile operation. C1 [Jordan, C. E.; Dibb, J. E.; Scheuer, E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Anderson, B. E.; Beyersdorf, A. J.; Corr, C. A.; Martin, R. F.; Moore, R. H.; Shook, M. A.; Thornhill, K. L.; Winstead, E. L.; Ziemba, L. D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Corr, C. A.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Greenslade, M. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Chem, Durham, NH USA. [Shook, M. A.; Thornhill, K. L.; Winstead, E. L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Troop, D.] SW Res Inst, Durham, NH USA. RP Jordan, CE (reprint author), NIA, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM carolyn.jordan@nianet.org FU NOAA [NA10OAR4590134] FX The authors thank Kevin Kaye, Tom Wisniewski, John Hair, John Prohaska, Brian Heikes, Matt Brown, James Hite, and Gao Chen for helpful comments and suggestions during this project. C. E. Jordan is particularly grateful to John Daniel for his encouragement and support of this work, funded by NOAA grant no. NA10OAR4590134. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 11 BP 4755 EP 4771 DI 10.5194/amt-8-4755-2015 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX8TW UT WOS:000365978100012 ER PT J AU Kong, JC He, MY Lercher, JA Zhao, C AF Kong, Jiechen He, Mingyuan Lercher, Johannes A. Zhao, Chen TI Direct production of naphthenes and paraffins from lignin SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID O BOND-CLEAVAGE; ARYL ETHERS; MODEL COMPOUNDS; BIO-OIL; CATALYST; HYDRODEOXYGENATION; HYDROGENOLYSIS; HYDROGENATION; CHEMICALS; PHENOLS AB The utilization of lignin as a fuel precursor has attracted attention, and a novel and facile process has been developed for one-pot conversion of lignin into cycloalkanes and alkanes with Ni catalysts under moderate conditions. This cascade hydrodeoxygenation approach may open the route to a new promising technique for direct liquefaction of lignin to hydrocarbons. C1 [Kong, Jiechen; He, Mingyuan; Zhao, Chen] E China Normal Univ, Sch Chem & Mol Engn, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Lercher, Johannes A.] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Chem, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Lercher, Johannes A.] Tech Univ Munich, Catalysis Res Ctr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Lercher, Johannes A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Integrated Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lercher, JA (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Dept Chem, Lichtenbergstr 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM johannes.lercher@ch.tum.de; czhao@chem.ecnu.edu.cn FU Recruitment Program of Global Young Experts in China; National Natural Science Foundation of China [21573075]; Shanghai Pujiang Program [PJ1403500] FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Recruitment Program of Global Young Experts in China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No: 21573075), and the Shanghai Pujiang Program PJ1403500. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 10 U2 42 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2015 VL 51 IS 99 BP 17580 EP 17583 DI 10.1039/c5cc06828b PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CY3PR UT WOS:000366322500018 PM 26478925 ER PT J AU Jody, BJ Petchsingto, T Doctor, RD Snyder, SW AF Jody, B. J. Petchsingto, T. Doctor, R. D. Snyder, S. W. TI Capture of Geothermal Heat as Chemical Energy SO ENERGY SOURCES PART A-RECOVERY UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS LA English DT Article DE chemical reactions; fluids; geothermal energy; power generation; thermodynamic analysis AB Fluids that undergo endothermic reactions were evaluated as potential chemical energy carriers of heat from geothermal reservoirs for power generation. Their performance was compared with that of H2O and CO2. The results show that (a) chemical energy carriers can produce more power from geothermal reservoirs than water and CO2 and (b) working fluids should not be selected solely on the basis of their specific thermo-physical properties but rather on the basis of the rate of exergy (ideal power) they can deliver. This article discusses the results of the evaluation of two chemical energy carrier systems: ammonia and methanol/water mixtures. C1 [Jody, B. J.; Petchsingto, T.; Doctor, R. D.; Snyder, S. W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Snyder, SW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM Seth@anl.gov FU Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; United States DOE-Geothermal Technologies Program-Enhanced Geothermal Systems FX The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. This work is sponsored by the United States DOE-Geothermal Technologies Program-Enhanced Geothermal Systems. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-7036 EI 1556-7230 J9 ENERG SOURCE PART A JI Energy Sources Part A-Recovery Util. Environ. Eff. PY 2015 VL 37 IS 24 BP 2647 EP 2654 DI 10.1080/15567036.2012.721056 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CY3AI UT WOS:000366279700005 ER PT J AU Fisher, RA Muszala, S Verteinstein, M Lawrence, P Xu, C McDowell, NG Knox, RG Koven, C Holm, J Rogers, BM Spessa, A Lawrence, D Bonan, G AF Fisher, R. A. Muszala, S. Verteinstein, M. Lawrence, P. Xu, C. McDowell, N. G. Knox, R. G. Koven, C. Holm, J. Rogers, B. M. Spessa, A. Lawrence, D. Bonan, G. TI Taking off the training wheels: the properties of a dynamic vegetation model without climate envelopes, CLM4.5(ED) SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID CARBON-CYCLE FEEDBACKS; PLANT FUNCTIONAL TYPES; LAND-SURFACE MODELS; COMPUTATIONALLY EFFICIENT METHOD; TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE MODELS; AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; FOREST DYNAMICS AB We describe an implementation of the Ecosystem Demography (ED) concept in the Community Land Model. The structure of CLM(ED) and the physiological and structural modifications applied to the CLM are presented. A major motivation of this development is to allow the prediction of biome boundaries directly from plant physiological traits via their competitive interactions. Here we investigate the performance of the model for an example biome boundary in eastern North America. We explore the sensitivity of the predicted biome boundaries and ecosystem properties to the variation of leaf properties using the parameter space defined by the GLOPNET global leaf trait database. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of four sequential alterations to the structural assumptions in the model governing the relative carbon economy of deciduous and evergreen plants. The default assumption is that the costs and benefits of deciduous vs. evergreen leaf strategies, in terms of carbon assimilation and expenditure, can reproduce the geographical structure of biome boundaries and ecosystem functioning. We find some support for this assumption, but only under particular combinations of model traits and structural assumptions. Many questions remain regarding the preferred methods for deployment of plant trait information in land surface models. In some cases, plant traits might best be closely linked to each other, but we also find support for direct linkages to environmental conditions. We advocate intensified study of the costs and benefits of plant life history strategies in different environments and the increased use of parametric and structural ensembles in the development and analysis of complex vegetation models. C1 [Fisher, R. A.; Muszala, S.; Verteinstein, M.; Lawrence, P.; Lawrence, D.; Bonan, G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Xu, C.; McDowell, N. G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87454 USA. [Knox, R. G.; Koven, C.; Holm, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rogers, B. M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA. [Spessa, A.] Open Univ, Dept Environm Earth & Ecosyst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Spessa, A.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Dept Atmospher Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. RP Fisher, RA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rfisher@ucar.edu RI Lawrence, David/C-4026-2011; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014; Holm, Jennifer/D-3318-2015; Knox, Ryan/N-7897-2013; OI Lawrence, David/0000-0002-2968-3023; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065; Holm, Jennifer/0000-0001-5921-3068; Knox, Ryan/0000-0003-1140-3350; Xu, Chonggang/0000-0002-0937-5744 FU National Science Foundation; DOE Office of Science; Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD program FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. C. Xu and N. McDowell acknowledge the support of the DOE Office of Science and Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD program. NR 153 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 7 U2 32 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 11 BP 3593 EP 3619 DI 10.5194/gmd-8-3593-2015 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CX8UQ UT WOS:000365980100006 ER PT J AU Wang, HL Ruan, H Pei, HS Wang, HM Chen, XW Tucker, MP Cort, JR Yang, B AF Wang, Hongliang Ruan, Hao Pei, Haisheng Wang, Huamin Chen, Xiaowen Tucker, Melvin P. Cort, John R. Yang, Bin TI Biomass-derived lignin to jet fuel range hydrocarbons via aqueous phase hydrodeoxygenation SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BENZYL PHENYL ETHER; C-O BONDS; SYNERGISTIC CATALYSIS; METAL-CATALYSTS; FORMIC-ACID; BIO-OIL; DEPOLYMERIZATION; CONVERSION; MECHANISMS; AROMATICS AB A catalytic process, involving the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of dilute alkali extracted corn stover lignin catalysed by noble metal catalyst (Ru/Al2O3) and acidic zeolite (H+-Y), to produce lignin-substructure-based hydrocarbons (C-7-C-18), primarily C-12-C-18 cyclic structure hydrocarbons in the jet fuel range, was demonstrated. C1 [Wang, Hongliang; Ruan, Hao; Pei, Haisheng; Yang, Bin] Washington State Univ, Biol Syst Engn, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Wang, Hongliang; Ruan, Hao; Pei, Haisheng; Yang, Bin] Washington State Univ, Bioprod Sci & Engn Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Wang, Huamin] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Cort, John R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Chen, Xiaowen; Tucker, Melvin P.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wang, HL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Biol Syst Engn, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM binyang@tricity.wsu.edu OI yang, bin/0000-0003-1686-8800 FU DARPA Young Faculty Award [N66001-11-1-414]; Sun Grant-DOT Award [T0013G-A-Task 8]; National Science Foundation Award [1258504]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory [XGB-2-22204-01]; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) FX We are grateful to the DARPA Young Faculty Award # N66001-11-1-414, The Sun Grant-DOT Award # T0013G-A-Task 8, the National Science Foundation Award # 1258504, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory for subcontract # XGB-2-22204-01 for funding this research. Part of this work was conducted at the William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER). B. Yang thanks Dr Hongfei Wang and Ms. Marie S. Swita for helpful discussions. NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 8 U2 46 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 EI 1463-9270 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 12 BP 5131 EP 5135 DI 10.1039/c5gc01534k PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CX7XV UT WOS:000365917200003 ER PT S AU Ortega, JD Christian, JM Yellowhair, JE Ho, CK AF Ortega, Jesus D. Christian, Joshua M. Yellowhair, Julius E. Ho, Clifford K. BE Plesniak, AP Prescod, AJ TI Coupled Optical-Thermal-Fluid and Structural Analyses of Novel Light-Trapping Tubular Panels for Concentrating Solar Power Receivers SO HIGH AND LOW CONCENTRATOR SYSTEMS FOR SOLAR ENERGY APPLICATIONS X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Optics and Photonics Conference on High and Low Concentrator Systems for Solar Energy Applications CY AUG 10-11, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Concentrating solar; receiver; solar thermal; solar absorption ID SELECTIVE COATINGS AB Traditional tubular receivers used in concentrating solar power are formed using tubes connected to manifolds to form panels; which in turn are arranged in cylindrical or rectangular shapes. Previous and current tubular receivers, such as the ones used in Solar One, Solar Two, and most recently the Ivanpah solar plants, have used a black paint coating to increase the solar absorptance of the receiver. However, these coatings degrade over time and must be reapplied, increasing the receiver maintenance cost. This paper presents the thermal efficiency evaluation of novel receiver tubular panels that have a higher effective solar absorptance due to a light-trapping effect created by arranging the tubes in each panel into unique geometric configurations. Similarly, the impact of the incidence angle on the effective solar absorptance and thermal efficiency is evaluated. The overarching goal of this work is to achieve effective solar absorptances of similar to 90% and thermal efficiencies above 85% without using an absorptance coating. Several panel geometries were initially proposed and were down-selected based on structural analyses considering the thermal and pressure loading requirements of molten salt and supercritical carbon-dioxide receivers. The effective solar absorptance of the chosen tube geometries and panel configurations were evaluated using the ray-tracing modeling capabilities of SolTrace. The thermal efficiency was then evaluated by coupling computational fluid dynamics with the ray-tracing results using ANSYS Fluent. Compared to the base case analysis (flat tubular panel), the novel tubular panels have shown an increase in effective solar absorptance and thermal efficiency by several percentage points. C1 [Ortega, Jesus D.; Christian, Joshua M.; Yellowhair, Julius E.; Ho, Clifford K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Concentrating Solar Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ortega, JD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Concentrating Solar Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-725-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9559 AR 955909 DI 10.1117/12.2188235 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Optics GA BE0GD UT WOS:000365986300007 ER PT S AU Yellowhair, J Ho, CK Ortega, JD Christian, JM Andraka, CE AF Yellowhair, Julius Ho, Clifford K. Ortega, Jesus D. Christian, Joshua M. Andraka, Charles E. BE Plesniak, AP Prescod, AJ TI Testing and Optical Modeling of Novel Concentrating Solar Receiver Geometries to Increase Light Trapping and Effective Solar Absorptance SO HIGH AND LOW CONCENTRATOR SYSTEMS FOR SOLAR ENERGY APPLICATIONS X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Optics and Photonics Conference on High and Low Concentrator Systems for Solar Energy Applications CY AUG 10-11, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE concentrating solar; solar power tower receiver; thermal efficiency ID SELECTIVE COATINGS AB Concentrating solar power receivers are comprised of panels of tubes arranged in a cylindrical or cubical shape on top of a tower. The tubes contain heat-transfer fluid that absorbs energy from the concentrated sunlight incident on the tubes. To increase the solar absorptance, black paint or a solar selective coating is applied to the surface of the tubes. However, these coatings degrade over time and must be reapplied, which reduces the system performance and increases costs. This paper presents an evaluation of novel receiver shapes and geometries that create a light-trapping effect, thereby increasing the effective solar absorptance and efficiency of the solar receiver. Several prototype shapes were fabricated from Inconel 718 and tested in Sandia's solar furnace at an irradiance of similar to 30 W/cm(2). Photographic methods were used to capture the irradiance distribution on the receiver surfaces. The irradiance profiles were compared to results from raytracing models. The effective solar absorptance was also evaluated using the ray-tracing models. Results showed that relative to a flat plate, the new geometries could increase the effective solar absorptance from 86% to 92% for an intrinsic material absorptance of 86%, and from 60% to 73% for an intrinsic material absorptance of 60%. C1 [Yellowhair, Julius; Ho, Clifford K.; Ortega, Jesus D.; Christian, Joshua M.; Andraka, Charles E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Concentrating Solar Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yellowhair, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Concentrating Solar Technol, POB 5800,MS 1127, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jeyello@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-725-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9559 AR 95590A DI 10.1117/12.2186647 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Optics GA BE0GD UT WOS:000365986300008 ER PT J AU Liu, J Banis, MN Xiao, BW Sun, Q Lushington, A Li, RY Guo, JH Sham, TK Sun, XL AF Liu, Jian Banis, Mohammad N. Xiao, Biwei Sun, Qian Lushington, Andrew Li, Ruying Guo, Jinghua Sham, Tsun-Kong Sun, Xueliang TI Atomically precise growth of sodium titanates as anode materials for high-rate and ultralong cycle-life sodium-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID LAYER DEPOSITION; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; THIN-FILMS; STORAGE; OXIDE; PERFORMANCE; NA2TI3O7; CATHODE; MECHANISM; GLASSES AB Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have received increasing attention for applications in large-scale energy storage systems due to their low cost, high energy density, and high abundance of the sodium element. Nanosizing electrode materials becomes a key strategy to overcome the problems resulting from the sluggish kinetics of large sodium ions, thereby achieving good performance in SIBs. Herein, we developed an atomic layer deposition (ALD) approach for atomically precise fabrication of sodium titanate anode materials. This ALD process shows excellent controllability over the growth rate, film thickness, composition of sodium titanates, and high flexibility of coating uniform sodium titanate films onto various dimensions of substrates. Moreover, the amorphous sodium titanate deposited on carbon nanotubes exhibits high specific capacity, excellent rate capability, and ultra-long cycling life (similar to 100 mA h g(-1) after 3500 cycles). It is expected that the ALD approach developed herein can be extended to well-defined fabrication of other sodium-containing electrode materials for SIBs. C1 [Liu, Jian; Banis, Mohammad N.; Xiao, Biwei; Sun, Qian; Lushington, Andrew; Li, Ruying; Sun, Xueliang] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada. [Liu, Jian; Guo, Jinghua] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sham, Tsun-Kong] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada. [Guo, Jinghua] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Sun, XL (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada. EM xsun9@uwo.ca RI Sun, Xueliang/C-7257-2012; Sun, Qian/G-4552-2011 OI Sun, Qian/0000-0001-5399-1440 FU Nature Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canada Research Chair (CRC) Program; Canada Foundation of Innovation (CFI); Ontario Research Fund (ORF); Canadian Light Source (CLS) at University of Saskatchewan; Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy (CCEM) at McMaster University; University of Western Ontario; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSERC Postdoctoral Fellowships (PDF) Program FX This work was supported by the Nature Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Canada Research Chair (CRC) Program, Canada Foundation of Innovation (CFI), Ontario Research Fund (ORF), the Canadian Light Source (CLS) at University of Saskatchewan, the Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy (CCEM) at McMaster University, and the University of Western Ontario. Dr Guo's work at the ALS is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Dr Jian Liu is really grateful to the financial support from the NSERC Postdoctoral Fellowships (PDF) Program. NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 18 U2 51 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2015 VL 3 IS 48 BP 24281 EP 24288 DI 10.1039/c5ta08435k PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA CY1JR UT WOS:000366163000013 ER PT J AU Islam, N Yang, MJ Zhu, K Fan, ZY AF Islam, Nazifah Yang, Mengjin Zhu, Kai Fan, Zhaoyang TI Mesoporous scaffolds based on TiO2 nanorods and nanoparticles for efficient hybrid perovskite solar cells SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSPORT; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; NANOWIRE; PERFORMANCE; LIGHT; SENSITIZER; DEPOSITION; HYSTERESIS; TITANATES AB In a mesoporous hybrid perovskite solar cell (PSC), the mesoporous scaffold plays key roles in controlling the crystallization of the perovskite material and in the charge carrier transport, and hence is critical for developing highly efficient PSCs. Here we report a study on blending micrometer-long TiO2 nanorods (NRs) into the commonly used nanoparticles (NPs) to optimize the mesoporous structure, with the aim of enhancing the perovskite material loading and connectivity as well as light harvesting. It was found that with 5-10% of NR incorporation, a uniform scaffold can be spin-coated and the PSC performance was improved. In comparison to the pure NP-based device, the power conversion efficiency was increased by about 27% when 10% of the NRs were incorporated, due to enhanced light harvesting and charge collection. However, with more NR blending, a homogeneous scaffold cannot be formed, resulting in PSC performance degradation. These findings contribute to a better design of mesoporous scaffolds for high-performance PSCs. C1 [Islam, Nazifah; Fan, Zhaoyang] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Islam, Nazifah; Fan, Zhaoyang] Texas Tech Univ, Nano Tech Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Yang, Mengjin; Zhu, Kai] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Nanosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Fan, ZY (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM kai.zhu@nrel.gov; zhaoyang.fan@ttu.edu FU National Science Foundation [CBET-1438681]; U.S. Department of Energy SunShot Initiative under the Next Generation Photovoltaics 3 program [DE-FOA-0000990, DE-AC36-08-GO28308] FX Funding for the work at Texas Tech University from the National Science Foundation (CBET-1438681) is greatly acknowledged. M.Y. and K.Z. acknowledge the support from the U.S. Department of Energy SunShot Initiative under the Next Generation Photovoltaics 3 program (DE-FOA-0000990) for the work performed at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (contract no. DE-AC36-08-GO28308). NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2015 VL 3 IS 48 BP 24315 EP 24321 DI 10.1039/c5ta06727h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA CY1JR UT WOS:000366163000018 ER PT J AU Bailey, DH de Prado, ML AF Bailey, David H. de Prado, Marcos Lopez TI Stop-outs under serial correlation and the triple penance rule SO JOURNAL OF RISK LA English DT Article DE downside; time under water; stop-out; triple penance; serial correlation; Sharpe ratio ID SHARPE RATIO; DRAWDOWN AB At what loss should a portfolio manager (PM) be stopped out? What is an acceptable time under water? We demonstrate that, under standard portfolio theory assumptions, the answer to the latter question is strikingly unequivocal: on average, the recovery spans three times the period involved in accumulating the maximum quantile loss for a given confidence level. We denote this principle the "triple penance rule". We provide a theoretical justification as to why investment firms typically set less strict stop-out rules for PMs with higher Sharpe ratios, despite the fact that they should be expected to deliver a superior performance. We generalize this framework to the case of first-order autocorrelated investment outcomes, and we conclude that ignoring the effect of serial correlation leads to a gross underestimation of the downside potential of hedge fund strategies, by as much as 70%. We also estimate that some hedge funds may be firing more than three times as many skillful PMs as they are willing to accept, as a result of evaluating their performance through traditional metrics, such as the Sharpe ratio. We believe that our closed-form compact expression for the estimation of downside potential, without having to assume independent and identically distributed cashflows, will open new practical applications in risk management, portfolio optimization and capital allocation. The Python code included in the online appendix confirms the accuracy of our analytical solution. C1 [Bailey, David H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [de Prado, Marcos Lopez] Guggenheim Partners, New York, NY 10017 USA. [Bailey, David H.; de Prado, Marcos Lopez] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP de Prado, ML (reprint author), Guggenheim Partners, 330 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10017 USA. EM david@davidhbailey.com; lopezdeprado@lbl.gov FU Office of Computational and Technology Research, Division of Mathematical, Information and Computational Sciences of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This research was supported in part by the Director, Office of Computational and Technology Research, Division of Mathematical, Information and Computational Sciences of the US Department of Energy, under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INCISIVE MEDIA PI LONDON PA HAYMARKET HOUSE, 28-29 HAYMARKET, LONDON, SW1Y 4RX, ENGLAND SN 1465-1211 EI 1755-2842 J9 J RISK JI J. Risk PY 2015 VL 18 IS 2 BP 61 EP 93 PG 33 WC Business, Finance SC Business & Economics GA CY3UQ UT WOS:000366335800004 ER PT J AU Balsara, NP Newman, J AF Balsara, Nitash P. Newman, John TI Relationship between Steady-State Current in Symmetric Cells and Transference Number of Electrolytes Comprising Univalent and Multivalent Ions SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB We derive a general relationship between the applied potential across a binary electrolyte in a symmetric cell and steady-state current density, is,. The relationship is applicable to salts comprising ions that are either univalent or-multivalent. In concentrated solutions, i(ss) depends on the electrolyte conductivity which governs-i(0) the initially recorded current density at time zero when the potential is applied, and a dimensionless parameter derived here in terms of multicomponent transport coefficients. In the dilute limit, the ratio i(SS)/i(0) is the cation transference number, irrespective of the charge on the cation or the anion. (C) The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [Balsara, Nitash P.; Newman, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Storage & Distributed Resources Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balsara, Nitash P.; Newman, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, JCESR, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Balsara, NP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Storage & Distributed Resources Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nbalsara@berkeley.edu FU Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, an Energy Innovation Hub - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES) FX This work was supported by the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, an Energy Innovation Hub funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES). NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 16 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2015 VL 162 IS 14 BP A2720 EP A2722 DI 10.1149/2.0651514jes PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA CY0AV UT WOS:000366069300036 ER PT J AU Harry, KJ Liao, XX Parkinson, DY Minor, AM Balsara, NP AF Harry, Katherine J. Liao, Xunxun Parkinson, Dilworth Y. Minor, Andrew M. Balsara, Nitash P. TI Electrochemical Deposition and Stripping Behavior of Lithium Metal across a Rigid Block Copolymer Electrolyte Membrane SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LI ION BATTERIES; LITHIUM/POLYMER CELLS; DENDRITIC GROWTH; POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; MECHANISMS; DEFORMATION; PERFORMANCE; CHALLENGES; STABILITY; SYSTEMS AB Replacing the conventional graphite anode in rechargeable batteries with lithium metal results in a significant increase in energy density. However, growth of electronically conductive structures, like dendrites, from lithium anodes causes premature battery failure by short circuit. Mechanically rigid electrolytes are thought to promote smooth lithium deposition by increasing the energy required for lithium reduction at regions of high local strain, like a dendrite tip. The study reported herein used X-ray microtomography, Focused Ion Beam (FIB) milling, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) imaging to investigate the electrochemical stripping and deposition behavior of lithium in symmetric lithium - polymer cells using a rigid polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) membrane as the electrolyte. In situ experiments show the formation of globular lithium structures that grow to puncture the polymer electrolyte membrane. They form on faceted impurity particles that are initially located at the lithium/electrolyte interface. While the impurities are uniformly distributed throughout the lithium foil in initial images, their relative concentration near the electrolyte changes as lithium is stripped from one electrode and deposited on the other. Notably, the deposited lithium is devoid of faceted impurities. This electrolytic refining of lithium could be used to prepare anodic lithium foils for batteries with improved cycle life. (C) The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [Harry, Katherine J.; Liao, Xunxun; Minor, Andrew M.; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Harry, Katherine J.; Liao, Xunxun; Minor, Andrew M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Parkinson, Dilworth Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Minor, Andrew M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Harry, KJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nbalsara@berkeley.edu RI Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014 FU Electron Microscopy of Soft Matter Program from the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship FX Primary funding for the work was provided by the Electron Microscopy of Soft Matter Program from the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The FIB and SEM work was performed as a-user project at the Molecular Foundry at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract # DE-AC02-05CH11231. Hard X-ray microtomography experiments were performed at the Advanced Light Source which is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Katherine J. Harry was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 30 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2015 VL 162 IS 14 BP A2699 EP A2706 DI 10.1149/2.0321514jes PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA CY0AV UT WOS:000366069300034 ER PT J AU Knehr, KW Brady, NW Cama, CA Bock, DC Lin, Z Lininger, CN Marschilok, AC Takeuchi, KJ Takeuchi, ES West, AC AF Knehr, K. W. Brady, Nicholas W. Cama, Christina A. Bock, David C. Lin, Zhou Lininger, Christianna N. Marschilok, Amy C. Takeuchi, Kenneth J. Takeuchi, Esther S. West, Alan C. TI Modeling the Mesoscale Transport of Lithium-Magnetite Electrodes Using Insight from Discharge and Voltage Recovery Experiments SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IRON-PHOSPHATE ELECTRODE; CRYSTALLITE SIZE CONTROL; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; NANOCRYSTALLINE MAGNETITE; ION BATTERIES; FE3O4; LIFEPO4; INTERCALATION; LI; DIFFUSION AB A multi-scale mathematical model, which accounts for mass transport on the crystal and agglomerate length-scales, is used to investigate the electrochemical performance of lithium-magnetite electrochemical cells. Experimental discharge and voltage recovery data are compared to three sets of simulations, which incorporate crystal-only, agglomerate-only, or multi-scale transport effects. Mass transport diffusion coefficients are determined by fitting the simulated voltage recovery times to experimental data. In addition, a further extension of the multi-scale model is proposed which accounts for the impact of agglomerate size distributions on electrochemical performance. The results of the study indicate that, depending on the crystal size, the low utilization of the active material is caused by transport limitations on the agglomerate and/or crystal length-scales. For electrodes composed of small crystals (6 and 8 nm diameters), it is concluded that the transport limitations in the agglomerate are primarily responsible for the long voltage recovery times and low utilization of the active mass. In the electrodes composed of large crystals (32 nm diameter), the slow voltage recovery is attributed to transport limitations on both the agglomerate and crystal length-scales. (C) The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. All rights reserved. C1 [Knehr, K. W.; Brady, Nicholas W.; Lininger, Christianna N.; West, Alan C.] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Cama, Christina A.; Lin, Zhou; Marschilok, Amy C.; Takeuchi, Kenneth J.; Takeuchi, Esther S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Bock, David C.; Takeuchi, Esther S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci Directorate, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Marschilok, Amy C.; Takeuchi, Kenneth J.; Takeuchi, Esther S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Knehr, KW (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM acw7@columbia.edu RI Knehr, Kevin/R-4127-2016 OI Knehr, Kevin/0000-0001-5571-1537 FU Center for Mesoscale Transport Properties, an Energy Frontier Research Center - U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0012673]; Empire State Development's Division of Science, Technology, and Innovation [C090171]; National Science Foundation [DGE-11-44155] FX This work was supported as part of the Center for Mesoscale Transport Properties, an Energy Frontier Research Center supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, under award #DE-SC0012673. The computing was performed on the Yeti Shared HPC Cluster at Columbia University, which includes support from Empire State Development's Division of Science, Technology, and Innovation under contract number C090171. K. W. K. and C. N. L greatly acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under grant No. DGE-11-44155. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2015 VL 162 IS 14 BP A2817 EP A2826 DI 10.1149/2.0961514jes PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA CY0AV UT WOS:000366069300049 ER PT J AU Lu, J Lau, KC Sun, YK Curtiss, LA Amine, K AF Lu, Jun Lau, Kah Chun Sun, Yang-Kook Curtiss, Larry A. Amine, Khalil TI Review-Understanding and Mitigating Some of the Key Factors that Limit Non-Aqueous Lithium-Air Battery Performance SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; RECHARGEABLE LI-O-2 BATTERIES; OXYGEN BATTERIES; CATHODE CATALYSTS; ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; GRAPHENE NANOSHEETS; ION BATTERIES; HIGH-CAPACITY; IN-SITU; ELECTRODE AB In this article, we have reviewed our work on understanding and mitigating some of the key factors that limit non-aqueous Li-air battery performance. Advances in Li-air battery technology require fundamental understanding of the discharge and charge processes. We first summarize an investigation of Li-air batteries based on a well-defined cathode surfaces having size-selected silver clusters. This work provided key insight into the nucleation and growth mechanism of the discharge product and its relationship to lowering charge potentials. We then describe the development of new cathode materials including ones based on Pd and Mo2C nanoparticles that give very low charge potentials. This work has shown that it is possible to achieve very good round-trip efficiencies as well as up to 100 cycles in a Li-air cell. Finally, we discuss investigations of likely sources of electrolyte decomposition at the cathode and anode, which need to be resolved in order to achieve the long cycle life that is necessary to enable Li-air batteries. (C) 2015 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Lu, Jun; Amine, Khalil] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lau, Kah Chun; Curtiss, Larry A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sun, Yang-Kook] Hanyang Univ, Dept Energy Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. RP Lu, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM curtiss@anl.gov; amine@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy under Vehicle Technologies Office, Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERIE) [DE-AC0206CH11357]; Division of Materials Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Department of Energy, Office of Science FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC0206CH11357 from the Vehicle Technologies Office, Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERIE) and Division of Materials Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Department of Energy, Office of Science. NR 69 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 30 U2 78 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2015 VL 162 IS 14 BP A2439 EP A2446 DI 10.1149/2.0061514jes PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA CY0AV UT WOS:000366069300007 ER PT J AU Nadimpalli, SPV Sethuraman, VA Abraham, DP Bower, AF Guduru, PR AF Nadimpalli, Siva P. V. Sethuraman, Vijay A. Abraham, Daniel P. Bower, Allan F. Guduru, Pradeep R. TI Stress Evolution in Lithium-Ion Composite Electrodes during Electrochemical Cycling and Resulting Internal Pressures on the Cell Casing SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LOCAL-STRUCTURE; POSITIVE ELECTRODE; THERMAL-RUNAWAY; METAL-OXIDE; BATTERIES; PERFORMANCE; CATHODES; FRACTURE; TENSION; STORAGE AB Composite cathode coatings made of a high energy density layered oxide (Li1.2Ni0.15Mn0.55Co0.1O2,, theoretical capacity similar to 377 mAh-g(-1)), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) binder, and electron-conduction additives, were bonded to an elastic substrate. An electrochemical cell, built by pairing the cathode with a capacity-matched graphite anode, was electrochemically cycled and the real time average stress evolution in the cathode coating was measured using a substrate curvature technique. Features in the stress : evolution profile showed correlations with phase changes in the oxide, thus yielding data complementary to in situ XRD studies on this material. The stress evolution showed a complex variation with lithium concentration suggesting that the volume changes associated with phase transformations in the oxide are not monotonically varying functions of lithium concentration. The peak tensile stress in the cathode during oxide delithiation was approximately 1.5 MPa and the peak compressive stress during oxide lithiation was about 6 MPa. Stress evolution in the anode coating was also measured separately using the same technique. The measured stresses are used to estimate the internal pressures that develop in a cylindrical lithium-ion cell with jelly-roll electrodes. (C) The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [Nadimpalli, Siva P. V.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Sethuraman, Vijay A.; Bower, Allan F.; Guduru, Pradeep R.] Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Abraham, Daniel P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nadimpalli, SPV (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM siva.p.nadimpalli@njit.edu; Pradeep_Guduru@Brown.edu RI Sethuraman, Vijay/E-5702-2010 OI Sethuraman, Vijay/0000-0003-4624-1355 FU United States Department of Energy - EPSCoR Implementation award [DE-SC0007074]; DOE's Vehicle Technologies Program (VTP) within Applied Battery Research (ABR) for Transportation Program; New Jersey Institute of Technology FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the United States Department of Energy - EPSCoR Implementation award (grant # DE-SC0007074). We are also grateful to the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Cell Analysis, Modeling and Prototyping (CAMP) Facility at Argonne National Laboratory for providing electrodes used for this work. The CAMP facility is fully supported by DOE's Vehicle Technologies Program (VTP) within the core funding of the Applied Battery Research (ABR) for Transportation Program. SN acknowledges the financial support provided by New Jersey Institute of Technology through the faculty startup research grant. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 25 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2015 VL 162 IS 14 BP A2656 EP A2663 DI 10.1149/2.0341514jes PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA CY0AV UT WOS:000366069300028 ER PT J AU Sun, K Su, D Zhang, Q Bock, DC Marschilok, AC Takeuchi, KJ Takeuchi, ES Gan, H AF Sun, Ke Su, Dong Zhang, Qing Bock, David C. Marschilok, Amy C. Takeuchi, Kenneth J. Takeuchi, Esther S. Gan, Hong TI Interaction of CuS and Sulfur in Li-S Battery System SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; COPPER SULFIDE; CATHODE; TRANSITION AB The Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S) battery has been a subject of intensive research in recent years due to its potential to provide much higher energy density and lower cost than the current state of the art lithium-ion battery technology. In this work, we have investigated Cupric Sulfide (CuS) as a capacity-contributing conductive additive to the sulfur electrode in a Li-S battery. Galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling has been used to compare the performance of both sulfur electrodes and S:CuS hybrid electrodes with various ratios. We found that the conductive CuS additive enhanced the utilization of the sulfur cathode under a 1C rate discharge. However, under a C/10 discharge rate, S:CuS hybrid electrodes exhibited lower sulfur utilization in the first discharge and faster capacity decay in later cycles than a pure sulfur electrode due to the dissolution of CuS. The CuS dissolution is found to be the result of strong interaction between the soluble low order polysulfide Li2S3 and CuS. We identified the presence of conductive copper-containing sulfides at the cycled lithium anode surface, which may degrade the effectiveness of the passivation function of the solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI) layer, accounting for the poor cycling performance of the S:CuS hybrid cells at low rate. (C) The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. All rights reserved. C1 [Sun, Ke; Bock, David C.; Takeuchi, Esther S.; Gan, Hong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci Directorate, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Su, Dong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Zhang, Qing; Marschilok, Amy C.; Takeuchi, Kenneth J.; Takeuchi, Esther S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Marschilok, Amy C.; Takeuchi, Kenneth J.; Takeuchi, Esther S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Sun, K (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci Directorate, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hgan@bnl.gov RI Su, Dong/A-8233-2013 OI Su, Dong/0000-0002-1921-6683 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under the Advanced Battery Materials Research (BMR) program [DE-SC0012704]; DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0012704] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under the Advanced Battery Materials Research (BMR) program, Contract No. DE-SC0012704. Part of this work has been carried out at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DE-SC0012704. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 26 U2 71 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2015 VL 162 IS 14 BP A2834 EP A2839 DI 10.1149/2.1021514jes PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA CY0AV UT WOS:000366069300051 ER PT J AU Gilbert, JA Kropf, AJ Kariuki, NN DeCrane, S Wang, XP Rasouli, S Yu, K Ferreira, PJ Morgan, D Myers, DJ AF Gilbert, James A. Kropf, A. Jeremy Kariuki, Nancy N. DeCrane, Stacy Wang, Xiaoping Rasouli, Somaye Yu, Kang Ferreira, Paulo J. Morgan, Dane Myers, Deborah J. TI In-Operando Anomalous Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Investigation of Pt3Co Catalyst Degradation in Aqueous and Fuel Cell Environments SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-SUPPORTED ELECTROCATALYSTS; OXYGEN REDUCTION; CATHODE CATALYST; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; PLATINUM DISSOLUTION; PARTICLE-SIZE; NANOPARTICLE CATALYSTS; OPERATING-CONDITIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SURFACE-COMPOSITION AB Platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles are of great interest as cathode catalysts for PEMFCs as they have been shown to have enhanced activity versus platinum. However, their relative stability against loss of electrochemically-active surface area in relation to Pt catalysts is still debated. In this study, the evolutions of Pt3Co particle size distributions (PSDs) in fuel cell and aqueous environments were followed during accelerated stress tests (ASTs) using in-operando ASAXS. The measured evolutions showed a degradation mechanism dominated by loss of particles smaller than the critical particle diameter (<5.2 to 6.1 nm, CPD), which depended on environment and the AST. These evolutions were compared to that of a Pt catalyst with a similar initial PSD, which was found to have a lower degradation rate than Pt3Co. The ASAXS data, as well as data from aqueous dissolution, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, individual particle energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and kinetic Monte Carlo calculations support a loss mechanism of increased Pt dissolution from Pt3Co versus Pt due to destabilization caused by extensive dealloying of particles 60 GeV) gamma-ray astronomy. In this contribution we present the design and performance of both optical and alignment systems of the pSCT. C1 [Rousselle, J.; Mognet, I.; Peck, A.; Stevenson, B.; Vassiliev, V.; Yu, P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Byrum, K.; Guarino, V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cameron, R.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Connaughton, V.; Jenke, P.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL USA. [Errando, M.; Mukherjee, R.] Columbia Univ, Barnard Coll, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Griffiths, S.; Kaaret, P.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Humensky, T. B.; Limon, M.; Nieto, D.; Petrashyk, A.; Ribeiro, D.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Kieda, D.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Okumura, A.] Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. RP Rousselle, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM rousselle@astro.ucla.edu RI Nieto, Daniel/J-7250-2015; OI Nieto, Daniel/0000-0003-3343-0755; Limon, Michele/0000-0002-5900-2698 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-769-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9603 AR 960305 DI 10.1117/12.2188381 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HF UT WOS:000366020700005 ER PT S AU Wade, C Barriere, N Hanlon, L Boggs, SE Brejnholt, NF Massahi, S Tomsick, JA von Ballmoos, P AF Wade, Colin Barriere, Nicolas Hanlon, Lorraine Boggs, Steven E. Brejnholt, Nicolai F. Massahi, Sonny Tomsick, John A. von Ballmoos, Peter BE ODell, ST Pareschi, G TI Rapid and Accurate Assembly Method for a New Laue Lens Prototype SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy VII as part of the SPIE Optics + Photonics International Symposium on Optical Engineering + Applications CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Telescope; Laue lens; Soft Gamma-rays; Crystals; Diffraction; Focusing optics; Technological development ID RAY TELESCOPE; ABOARD AB The Laue lens is a technology for gamma-ray astrophysics whereby gamma-rays of particular energies can be focused by a suitable arrangement of crystals. The Laue lens assembly station at UC Berkeley was used to build a technological demonstrator addressing the key issues of crystal mounting speed, crystal position and orientation accuracy, and crystal reflectivity. The new prototype is a lens segment containing a total of 48 5 x 5 mm(2) crystals - 36 Iron and 12 Aluminium. The segment is composed of 8 partial rings, each of which is aligned to diffract an energy between 95 and 130 keV from a source at 12.5m with a focal length of 1.5 m. C1 [Wade, Colin; Hanlon, Lorraine] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Wade, Colin; Barriere, Nicolas; Boggs, Steven E.; Massahi, Sonny; Tomsick, John A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Barriere, Nicolas] Cosine Res BV, NL-2333 CH Leiden, Netherlands. [Brejnholt, Nicolai F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Massahi, Sonny] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Space Inst, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [von Ballmoos, Peter] Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, UMR 5277, F-31028 Toulouse, France. RP Wade, C (reprint author), Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. EM colin.wade@ucdconnect.ie; nbarriere@cosine.nl OI Massahi, Sonny/0000-0001-5207-1554 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-769-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9603 AR 960309 DI 10.1117/12.2187029 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HF UT WOS:000366020700009 ER PT S AU Windt, DL Conley, R AF Windt, David L. Conley, Ray BE ODell, ST Pareschi, G TI Two-Dimensional Differential Deposition: Figure Correction of Thin-Shell Mirror Substrates for X-ray Astronomy SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy VII as part of the SPIE Optics + Photonics International Symposium on Optical Engineering + Applications CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray optics; segmented mirrors; differential deposition AB This paper describes a new variation of the differential deposition/differential erosion technique for mid-frequency surface-height error correction. In our approach, the technique is extended to two dimensions in order to correct surface-height errors in thin-shell cylindrical mirror segments with high throughput. We describe the new infrastructure currently being developed to realize this technique, including an LTP system for surface metrology of mid-frequency surface-height errors, a new UHV linear stage for precise substrate motion during deposition or erosion, and most crucially, the development of electronically-actuated aperture arrays that are mounted in front of a rectangular magnetron cathode, or a rectangular ion source, in order to modulate the deposition/erosion rate of material in two dimensions, in real-time. C1 [Windt, David L.] Reflect Xray Opt LLC, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Conley, Ray] Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Windt, DL (reprint author), Reflect Xray Opt LLC, 1361 Amsterdam Ave,Suite 3B, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-769-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9603 AR 96031H DI 10.1117/12.2188135 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HF UT WOS:000366020700049 ER PT S AU Buric, MP Ohodnicki, P Poole, Z Wang, C Elwood, J AF Buric, M. P. Ohodnicki, P. Poole, Z. Wang, C. Elwood, J. BE Yin, S Guo, R TI Angular interrogation of evanescent wave absorption spectroscopy based sensors for harsh environment applications SO PHOTONIC FIBER AND CRYSTAL DEVICES: ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND INNOVATIONS IN DEVICE APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices - Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IX CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Evanescent wave absorption sensors; pH; angular interrogation; multimode fiber; mode excitation ID FIBER-OPTIC SENSORS; TEMPERATURES; CHARGE; GAS AB Evanescent wave absorption spectroscopy (EWAS) based sensors offer a number of unique advantages which include compatibility with remote optical sensing, simplicity of sensor design, low cost of sensing elements, and compatibility with harsh environment sensing applications. A number of different sensor-materials exist for the sensing of various chemical and environmental parameters and signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for such devices are dictated by a complex interplay of device design and sensing material selection for the EWAS configuration. In this work, we report that one effective way to optimize SNRs for a fixed sensor device / material design is through unique interrogation methods including angular selectivity in the sensor interrogator. We theoretically illustrate the origins of the signal optimization technique, and demonstrate feasibility using an EWAS sensor designed for harsh-environment pH sensing. C1 [Buric, M. P.; Ohodnicki, P.; Wang, C.; Elwood, J.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Poole, Z.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, ORISE, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Buric, MP (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM Michael.buric@netl.doe.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-752-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9586 AR 95860Q DI 10.1117/12.2188941 PG 9 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Optics GA BE0ME UT WOS:000366295200018 ER PT J AU Corchado-Garcia, J Betancourt, LE Velez, CA Senanayake, SD Stacchiola, D Sasaki, K Guinel, MJF Zhou, YY Cheung, CL Cabrera, CR AF Corchado-Garcia, Juan Betancourt, Luis E. Velez, Carlos A. Senanayake, Sanjaya D. Stacchiola, Dario Sasaki, Kotaro Guinel, Maxime J. -F. Zhou, Yunyun Cheung, Chin Li Cabrera, Carlos R. TI Cerium oxide as a promoter for the electro-oxidation reaction of ethanol: in situ XAFS characterization of the Pt nanoparticles supported on CeO2 nanoparticles and nanorods SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ALKALINE MEDIA; OXIDATION REACTION; OXYGEN REDUCTION; CO OXIDATION; FUEL-CELLS; CATALYSTS; MECHANISM; ELECTRODES; PT/C AB In this study we probe the electrocatalytic activity of Pt nanoparticles supported on ceria nanoparticles (NPs) and nanorods (NRs) in the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) in alkaline media. The goal of this study was to relate morphology, support structure and composition to the EOR catalytic activity by using in situ X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) studies. Cyclic voltammetry experiments showed that both ceria supported catalysts (NP vs. NR) had similar peak current densities at fast scan rates, however at slow scan rates, the ceria NR catalyst showed superior catalytic activity. In situ XAFS studies in KOH showed that both ceria supported catalysts had more electron density in their d-band (with the ceria NR having more electron density overall) than ceria - free Pt/Vulcan standard. However, in an ethanol solution the ceria NR catalyst had the least electron density. We propose that this change is due to the increased charge transfer efficiency between the ceria nanorod support and platinum. In the KOH solution, the increased electron density makes the platinum less electrophilic and hinders Pt-OH bond formation. In the EtOH solution, platinum's increased nucleophilicity facilitates the bond formation between Pt and the electron deficient carbon in ethanol which in turn withdraws the electron density from platinum and increases the white line intensity as observed in the XAS measurements. C1 [Corchado-Garcia, Juan; Betancourt, Luis E.; Velez, Carlos A.; Guinel, Maxime J. -F.; Cabrera, Carlos R.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem, NASA MIRO Ctr Adv Nanoscale Mat, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Senanayake, Sanjaya D.; Stacchiola, Dario; Sasaki, Kotaro] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Zhou, Yunyun; Cheung, Chin Li] Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Cabrera, CR (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem, NASA MIRO Ctr Adv Nanoscale Mat, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. EM carlos.cabrera2@upr.edu RI Cheung, Chin Li/B-8270-2013; Stacchiola, Dario/B-1918-2009; Senanayake, Sanjaya/D-4769-2009 OI Stacchiola, Dario/0000-0001-5494-3205; Senanayake, Sanjaya/0000-0003-3991-4232 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; NASA-MIRO Grant [NNX10AQ17A]; NSF-NSEC Center for Hierarchical Manufacturing [CHM-CMMI-0531171] FX The use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The authors would also like to acknowledge Steven N. Ehrlich (NSLS), Syed Khalid (NSLS) and Nebojsa Marinkovic (NSLS) for their help with the experimental setup at Beamline X-18A. This work had financial support of NASA-MIRO Grant No. NNX10AQ17A. Financial support of the NSF-NSEC Center for Hierarchical Manufacturing, Grant No. CHM-CMMI-0531171, is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 18 U2 50 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 48 BP 32251 EP 32256 DI 10.1039/c5cp04813c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CX8LJ UT WOS:000365954700020 PM 26580293 ER PT S AU Baker, SA Lutz, SS Smalley, DD Brown, KK Danielson, J Haines, TJ Howe, RA Mitchell, SE Morgan, D Schultz, LJ AF Baker, Stuart A. Lutz, Stephen S. Smalley, Duane D. Brown, Kristina K. Danielson, Jeremy Haines, Todd J. Howe, Russell A. Mitchell, Stephen E. Morgan, Dane Schultz, Larry J. BE Grim, GP Barber, HB TI Detector blur associated with MeV radiographic imaging systems SO RADIATION DETECTORS: SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radiation Detectors - Systems and Applications XVI CY AUG 12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Scintillator; radiography; CCD camera; hard x-ray; imaging; image quality AB We are investigating scintillator performance in radiographic imaging systems at x-ray endpoint energies of 0.4 and 2.3 MeV in single-pulse x-ray machines. The effect of scene magnification and geometric setup will be examined along with differences between the detector response of radiation and optical scatter. Previous discussion has reviewed energy absorption and efficiency of various imaging scintillators with a 2.3 MeV x-ray source. The focal point of our study is to characterize scintillator blur to refine system models. Typical detector geometries utilize thin tiled LYSO:Ce (cerium-doped lutetium yttrium orthosilicate) assembled in a composite mosaic. Properties of individual tiles are being studied to understand system resolution effects present in the experimental setup. Comparison of two different experiments with different geometric configurations is examined. Results are then compared to different scene magnifications generated in a Monte-Carlo simulation. C1 [Baker, Stuart A.; Smalley, Duane D.; Brown, Kristina K.; Morgan, Dane] Natl Secur Technol LLC, New Mexico Operat, Los Alamos Off, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Lutz, Stephen S.] Keystone Int Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. [Danielson, Jeremy; Haines, Todd J.; Schultz, Larry J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Howe, Russell A.; Mitchell, Stephen E.] Natl Secur Technol LLC, North Las Vegas Operat, Las Vegas, NV 89030 USA. RP Baker, SA (reprint author), Natl Secur Technol LLC, New Mexico Operat, Los Alamos Off, 182 East Gate Dr, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM bakersa@nv.doe.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-761-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9595 AR UNSP 959509 DI 10.1117/12.2191089 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0NF UT WOS:000366388900007 ER PT S AU Gehring, AE Espy, MA Haines, TJ Mendez, J Moir, DC Sedillo, R Shurter, RP Volegov, P Webb, TJ AF Gehring, Amanda E. Espy, Michelle A. Haines, Todd J. Mendez, Jacob Moir, David C. Sedillo, Robert Shurter, Roger P. Volegov, Petr Webb, Timothy J. BE Grim, GP Barber, HB TI Measuring x-ray spectra of flash radiographic sources SO RADIATION DETECTORS: SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radiation Detectors - Systems and Applications XVI CY AUG 12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Compton spectrometer; x-ray spectrometry; gamma ray spectrometry; flash radiographic sources AB A Compton spectrometer has been re-commissioned for measurements of flash radiographic sources. The determination of the energy spectrum of these sources is difficult due to the high count rates and short nature of the pulses (similar to 50 ns). The spectrometer is a 300 kg neodymium-iron magnet which measures spectra in the <1 MeV to 20 MeV energy range. Incoming x-rays are collimated into a narrow beam incident on a converter foil. The ejected Compton electrons are collimated so that the forward-directed electrons enter the magnetic field region of the spectrometer. The position of the electrons at the magnet's focal plane is a function of their momentum, allowing the x-ray spectrum to be reconstructed. Recent measurements of flash sources are presented. C1 [Gehring, Amanda E.; Espy, Michelle A.; Haines, Todd J.; Mendez, Jacob; Moir, David C.; Sedillo, Robert; Shurter, Roger P.; Volegov, Petr] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Webb, Timothy J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gehring, AE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gehring@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-761-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9595 AR 959506 DI 10.1117/12.2188829 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0NF UT WOS:000366388900004 ER PT S AU MacNeil, LP Dutra, EC Compton, SM Jacoby, BA Raphaelian, ML AF MacNeil, L. P. Dutra, E. C. Compton, S. M. Jacoby, B. A. Raphaelian, M. L. BE Grim, GP Barber, HB TI Stacked, filtered multi-channel X-ray diode array SO RADIATION DETECTORS: SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radiation Detectors - Systems and Applications XVI CY AUG 12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray; Diode; XRD; MiniXRD AB There are many types of X-ray diodes that are used for X-ray flux or spectroscopic measurements and for estimating the spectral shape of the VUV to soft X-ray spectrum. However, a need arose for a low cost, robust X-ray diode to use for experiments in hostile environments on multiple platforms, and for experiments that utilize forces that may destroy the diode(s). Since the typical proposed use required a small size with a minimal single line-of-sight, a parallel array could not be used. So, a stacked, filtered multi-channel X-ray diode array was developed, called the MiniXRD. To achieve significant cost savings while maintaining robustness and ease of field setup, repair, and replacement, we designed the system to be modular. The filters were manufactured in-house and cover the range from 450 eV to 5000 eV. To achieve the line-of-sight accuracy needed, we developed mounts and laser alignment techniques. We modeled and tested elements of the diode design at NSTec Livermore Operations (NSTec / LO) to determine temporal response and dynamic range, leading to diode shape and circuitry changes to optimize impedance and charge storage. We fielded individual and stacked systems at several national facilities as ancillary 'ride-along' diagnostics to test and improve the design usability. We present the MiniXRD system performance which supports consideration as a viable low-cost alternative for multiple-channel low-energy X-ray measurements. This diode array is currently at Technical Readiness Level (TRL) 6. C1 [MacNeil, L. P.; Dutra, E. C.; Raphaelian, M. L.] Natl Secur Technol LLC NSTec, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Compton, S. M.; Jacoby, B. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP MacNeil, LP (reprint author), Natl Secur Technol LLC NSTec, 161 S Vasco Rd, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM macneilp@nv.doe.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-761-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9595 AR 95950N DI 10.1117/12.2189117 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0NF UT WOS:000366388900015 ER PT S AU Nelson, AJ Swanberg, EL Voss, LF Graff, RT Conway, AM Nikolic, RJ Payne, SA Kim, H Cirignano, L Shah, K AF Nelson, A. J. Swanberg, E. L. Voss, L. F. Graff, R. T. Conway, A. M. Nikolic, R. J. Payne, S. A. Kim, H. Cirignano, L. Shah, K. BE Grim, GP Barber, HB TI Auger Compositional Depth Profiling of the Metal Contact-TlBr Interface SO RADIATION DETECTORS: SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radiation Detectors - Systems and Applications XVI CY AUG 12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Thallium bromide; photoelectron spectroscopy; radiation detection ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETERS; DETECTOR PERFORMANCE; SENSING TECHNIQUE AB Degradation of room temperature operation of TlBr radiation detectors with time is thought to be due to electromigration of Tl and Br vacancies within the crystal as well as the metal contacts migrating into the TlBr crystal itself due to electrochemical reactions at the metal/TlBr interface. Scanning Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) in combination with sputter depth profiling was used to investigate the metal contact surface/interfacial structure on TlBr devices. Device-grade TlBr was polished and subjected to a 32% HCl etch to remove surface damage and create a TlBr1-xClx surface layer prior to metal contact deposition. Auger compositional depth profiling results reveal non-equilibrium interfacial diffusion after device operation in both air and N-2 at ambient temperature. These results improve our understanding of contact/device degradation versus operating environment for further enhancing radiation detector performance. C1 [Nelson, A. J.; Swanberg, E. L.; Voss, L. F.; Graff, R. T.; Conway, A. M.; Nikolic, R. J.; Payne, S. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kim, H.; Cirignano, L.; Shah, K.] Radiat Monitoring Devices Inc, Watertown, MA 02172 USA. RP Nelson, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-761-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9595 AR 959507 DI 10.1117/12.2186653 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0NF UT WOS:000366388900005 ER PT S AU Swift, A Schirato, R McKigney, E Hunter, J Temple, B AF Swift, Alicia Schirato, Richard McKigney, Edward Hunter, James Temple, Brian BE Grim, GP Barber, HB TI Time gating for energy selection and scatter rejection: high energy pulsed neutron imaging at LANSCE SO RADIATION DETECTORS: SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radiation Detectors - Systems and Applications XVI CY AUG 12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Neutron radiography; Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE); time-of-flight; scatter rejection; fast neutron; imaging; non-destructive analysis (NDA); intensified charge coupled device (iCCD) camera ID RADIOGRAPHY AB The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) is a linear accelerator in Los Alamos, New Mexico that accelerates a proton beam to 800 MeV, which then produces spallation neutron beams. Flight path FP15R uses a tungsten target to generate neutrons of energy ranging from several hundred keV to similar to 600 MeV. The beam structure has micropulses of sub-ns width and period of 1.784 ns, and macropulses of 625 mu s width and frequency of either 50 Hz or 100 Hz. This corresponds to 347 micropulses per macropulse, or 1.74 x 10(4) micropulses per second when operating at 50 Hz. Using a very fast, cooled ICCD camera (Princeton Instruments PI-Max 4), gated images of various objects were obtained on FP15R in January 2015. Objects imaged included blocks of lead and borated polyethylene; a tungsten sphere; and a tungsten, polyethylene, and steel cylinder. Images were obtained in 36 min or less, with some in as little as 6 min. This is novel because the gate widths (some as narrow as 10 ns) were selected to reject scatter and other signal not of interest (e.g. the gamma flash that precedes the neutron pulse), which has not been demonstrated at energies above 14 MeV. This proof-of-principle experiment shows that time gating is possible above 14MeV and is useful for selecting neutron energy and reducing scatter, thus forming clearer images. Future work (simulation and experimental) is being undertaken to improve camera shielding and system design and to precisely determine optical properties of the imaging system. C1 [Swift, Alicia; Schirato, Richard; McKigney, Edward; Hunter, James; Temple, Brian] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Swift, Alicia] Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Swift, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM alicia.swift@lanl.gov OI Schirato, Richard/0000-0002-4216-0235 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-761-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9595 AR 95950J DI 10.1117/12.2188440 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0NF UT WOS:000366388900011 ER PT S AU Webb, TJ Kiefer, ML Gignac, R Baker, SA AF Webb, Timothy J. Kiefer, Mark L. Gignac, Raymond Baker, Stuart A. BE Grim, GP Barber, HB TI Evaluation of a gamma camera system for the RITS-6 accelerator using the self-magnetic pinch diode SO RADIATION DETECTORS: SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radiation Detectors - Systems and Applications XVI CY AUG 12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Flash x-ray radiography; scintillators; pulsed power; gamma camera; self-magnetic pinch diode AB The self-magnetic pinch (SMP) diode is an intense radiographic source fielded on the Radiographic Integrated Test Stand (RITS-6) accelerator at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, NM. The accelerator is an inductive voltage adder (IVA) that can operate from 2-10 MV with currents up to 160 kA (at 7 MV). The SMP diode consists of an annular cathode separated from a flat anode, holding the bremsstrahlung conversion target, by a vacuum gap. Until recently the primary imaging diagnostic utilized image plates (storage phosphors) which has generally low DQE at these photon energies along with other problems. The benefits of using image plates include a high-dynamic range, good spatial resolution, and ease of use. A scintillator-based X-ray imaging system or "gamma camera" has been fielded in front of RITS and the SMP diode which has been able to provide vastly superior images in terms of signal-to-noise with similar resolution and acceptable dynamic range. C1 [Webb, Timothy J.; Kiefer, Mark L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Gignac, Raymond; Baker, Stuart A.] Natl Secur Technol LLC, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Webb, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-761-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9595 AR 95950K DI 10.1117/12.2186628 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0NF UT WOS:000366388900012 ER PT J AU Cattaneo, A Sanila, P Miller, KA Farrar, CR Flynn, EB Mascarenas, DDL AF Cattaneo, Alessandro Sanila, Patrik Miller, Karen A. Farrar, Charles R. Flynn, Eric B. Mascarenas, David D. L. BE Chang, FK Kopsaftopoulos, F TI Online Electro-mechanical Impedance-based Structural Tamper Detection SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2015: SYSTEM RELIABILITY FOR VERIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS. 1 AND 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (IWSHM) CY SEP 01-03, 2015 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Air Force Off Sci Res, Boeing, Airbus, Embraer, Verizon HO Stanford Univ AB Tools that provide evidence of whether or not the structure of a container have been tampered with are important for a number of applications. The problem of providing evidence of tamper has many similarities with the structural health monitoring (SHM) problem. As a result, techniques developed by the structural health monitoring community have potential to help address the problem of determining whether or not a structure has been tampered with by an adversary. The difference between SHM and detecting structural tampering is that the former deals with structures damaged by environmental and\or loads effects, while the latter deals with damage intentionally induced in a structure. Detecting structural tampering is complicated by the fact that a determined attacker can adopt a series of measures to recover the status ante quo. The challenge is to find unique features which are irreversibly modified during the attack despite attempts by the attacker to return the structure to its nominal initial condition. Furthermore, these features cannot be overly sensitive to benign environmental changes that cannot be accounted for. The authors explore the use of impedance-based online structure tampering detection technique. The variations of the impedance signature are monitored near one of the bolts used to seal a lid to the top of a box in order to assess if the structure has been tempered with. This study is performed by applying high-frequency structural excitations through surface-bonded piezoelectric transducers, and measuring the output impedances. For the specific problem under investigation, the challenge is represented by the need to separate a tampering attack not only from environmental modifications, but also from any damage's onset and evolution which the structure can experience throughout its life. C1 [Cattaneo, Alessandro; Farrar, Charles R.; Flynn, Eric B.; Mascarenas, David D. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Miller, Karen A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Safeguards Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sanila, Patrik] Int Engelska Gymnasiet, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Cattaneo, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, POB 1663,MS T001, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-275-8 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2015 BP 732 EP 739 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Civil; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BD9UT UT WOS:000365445301001 ER PT J AU Mascarenas, D Green, A Trombetta, T Farrar, C AF Mascarenas, David Green, Andre Trombetta, Tyler Farrar, Charles BE Chang, FK Kopsaftopoulos, F TI A Multirotor-based Approach for Tap-testing Difficult-to-access Structures SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2015: SYSTEM RELIABILITY FOR VERIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS. 1 AND 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (IWSHM) CY SEP 01-03, 2015 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Air Force Off Sci Res, Boeing, Airbus, Embraer, Verizon HO Stanford Univ AB Despite advances in structural health monitoring (SHM) technology, human-based inspections continue to remain dominate in practice when performing structural assessments. The reasons for this include the high costs associated with installing and maintaining current SHM, confidence decisions makers have in current SHM technology, and the familiarity the structural assessment community has with human-based visual inspection. One of the major challenges and costs associated with human-based visual inspections is that structures are often difficult to access. They may be located high above waterways, thus requiring that an expensive crane or barge be rented to provide the inspectors a platform from which to conduct their inspection. In some cases inspectors may even need to rappel down the side of a structure in order to gain access, thus introducing additional safety concerns. Some research has been done to address these concerns by using emerging multirotor technology to facilitate visual structural inspections. Multirotors have shown great potential for maintaining state awareness of structures and construction sites, but one issue is that visual inspection is often hampered by mud, corrosion, vegetation, and other debris on the structure. A proper visual inspection often requires that this debris be removed. This limits the effectiveness of current multi-rotor based visual inspection technology. Furthermore, it is not uncommon for structural inspectors to enhance the quality of their inspection by using a conventional hammer to tap-test the structure of interest. The inspector will simply strike the structure and listen for differences in acoustic response that might indicate the presence of damage in structure. In this work we begin exploring the utility of adding a pneumatic hammer to a multi-rotor vehicle that can be used to facilitate structural inspections. The system features acoustic microphones and accelerometers that can be used to quantifiably document the results of the tap test. C1 [Mascarenas, David; Green, Andre; Farrar, Charles] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Mascarenas, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS T001, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-275-8 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2015 BP 947 EP 954 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Civil; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BD9UT UT WOS:000365445301027 ER PT J AU Rosa, V Lopes, V Flynn, E Todd, M Farrar, C AF Rosa, Vinicius Lopes, Vicente, Jr. Flynn, Eric Todd, Michael Farrar, Charles BE Chang, FK Kopsaftopoulos, F TI Adaptive Reverberation Suppression Techniques for SHM in Composite Materials SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2015: SYSTEM RELIABILITY FOR VERIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS. 1 AND 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (IWSHM) CY SEP 01-03, 2015 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Air Force Off Sci Res, Boeing, Airbus, Embraer, Verizon HO Stanford Univ ID GUIDED-WAVES; DAMAGE; FUSION AB This paper introduces a new method for Structural Health Monitoring using error functions computed from guided waves reflected from damage. The approach is experimentally tested on anisotropic specimens such as composite plates. The baseline and test signals of each sensing path (between two PZT transducers) are measured and the energy of the scattered signal for each path is calculated in a given frequency range. Assuming that there is damage in the evaluated position, the wave will reflect at this point and travel to the next transducer. According to the distance between the first transducer to the evaluated point plus the distance between same point to the second transducer (pitch-catch configuration) the time-of-flight is calculated for each grid point on the structure. The wave speeds in anisotropic specimens are propagation direction dependent. The wave speed for different angles were experimentally computed and incorporated in the algorithm in order to calculate the proper time-of-flight. The energy of the scattered signal is computed in a time range based on the time of flight of each analyzed position. Finally, a resultant error function for an estimation of the damage location in the monitoring area is applied. As the error function is based on the interference of the damage in the propagation of guided waves, the higher value of the error implies the less likelihood of damage in that position. An image is generated with an error value for each mesh position in the plate. This error function compares the energy in the given ranges for each pair of transducers. The experiment was performed in a 500x500x2mm carbon/epoxy composite formed by 10 plain-weave layers with 9 PZT transducers in the surface. The resultant error function at each driving frequency is calculated as a sum of all error functions. In addition, several frequencies were tested and the results for each one were combined in order to get a better result. C1 [Rosa, Vinicius; Lopes, Vicente, Jr.] Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Flynn, Eric; Farrar, Charles] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Todd, Michael] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Rosa, V (reprint author), Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Ilha Solteira, Sao Paulo, Brazil. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-275-8 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2015 BP 1787 EP 1797 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Civil; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BD9UT UT WOS:000365445302028 ER PT J AU Marchi, AN Cattaneo, A Bossert, J Dumont, J See, SJ Gupta, G Farrar, C Mascarenas, D AF Marchi, Alexandria N. Cattaneo, Alessandro Bossert, Jason Dumont, Joseph See, Seung Jin Gupta, Gautam Farrar, Charles Mascarenas, David BE Chang, FK Kopsaftopoulos, F TI A Remotely Readable, Self-authenticating Tamper Evident Seal Based on Graphene-based Materials and Compressive Sensing SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2015: SYSTEM RELIABILITY FOR VERIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS. 1 AND 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (IWSHM) CY SEP 01-03, 2015 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Air Force Off Sci Res, Boeing, Airbus, Embraer, Verizon HO Stanford Univ ID OXIDE; TRANSPARENT AB Low-cost, high-precision patterning of flexible electrical components have gained special attention in many applications where multi-functional materials fuse structural support with electrical sensing. In particular, a number of structural health monitoring (SHM) applications call for the development of "sensing skin" technologies. One application that uses these technologies includes the development of next-generation tamper-evident seals (TES) that are capable of being read remotely. In our design, the state of the TES's physical structure is monitored through an electrical circuit based on a conductive material. Electrical changes in the TES's circuit correspond to material property changes induced by humidity, temperature, or chemical changes. Intrinsically unifying material and electrical properties, graphene and graphite derivatives promote simplistic manufacturing of flexible materials with unique electrical properties that are attractive for sensing skin applications. In addition to developing a functional graphene-based material, an encryption scheme to transmit the state of the material is devised utilizing compressive sensing. Our work focuses on the production of printable graphene-based materials and graphene-based/polymeric composites proficient for sensing environmental changes. Printing of functional complex graphene-based materials requires specific formulation while balancing electrical conductivity, formulation simplicity, solution viscosity, and printing compatibility. Production of electrically stable components on flexible substrates with programmable electrical properties will be key to using printed graphene-based materials in sensing skin applications. C1 [Marchi, Alexandria N.; Cattaneo, Alessandro; Farrar, Charles; Mascarenas, David] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bossert, Jason] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrat Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dumont, Joseph; Gupta, Gautam] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Synth & Integrated Devices, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [See, Seung Jin] Chonbuk Natl Univ, Engn Inst Korea, Dept Organ Mat & Fiber Engn, Jeonju Si, Jeollabuk do, South Korea. RP Marchi, AN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-275-8 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2015 BP 2161 EP 2168 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Civil; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BD9UT UT WOS:000365445302074 ER PT J AU Riosbaas, MT Loyola, BR AF Riosbaas, Miranda T. Loyola, Bryan R. BE Chang, FK Kopsaftopoulos, F TI Long Term Electrical Characterization of Thermal Cycled Carbon Nanotube Thin Films SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2015: SYSTEM RELIABILITY FOR VERIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS. 1 AND 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (IWSHM) CY SEP 01-03, 2015 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Air Force Off Sci Res, Boeing, Airbus, Embraer, Verizon HO Stanford Univ AB Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in 1991, numerous applications have been found for these high aspect ratio nanostructures. The high conductivity of CNTs coupled with their high aspect ratio has led to the use as conductive filler within non-conductive polymers, for low percolation nanocomposite materials. Previous research on CNTs has widely demonstrated that their electrical properties are sensitive to strain, temperature, and chemicals on an individual scale. When blended into nanocomposites, these sensitivities are preserved with an additional contributing influence from the polymer matrix. The impact on the electrical resistance due to environmental effects of these thin films, such as temperature, must be taken into account. This research focuses on the long-term changes in electrical properties of PVDF-based CNT nanocomposites due to thermal cycling. The thin films are cycled between temperatures of -70 degrees C to + 80 degrees C repeatedly for a period of 28 weeks. In order to segregate the response of the CNTs to thermal cycling from influences from the polymer matrices, neat CNT thin films (buckypapers) are thermal cycled in addition to that of the PVDF-based nanocomposites. Furthermore, the effects from thermal expansion of the thin films are investigated by characterizing two sets of PVDF-based nanocomposites with electrodes between the glass substrate and the thin film and on the surface of the thin film. This research will allow for future tailoring of the response of these thin films to be used as multi-functional materials. Finally, this research provides insight into what the effect of anticipated environmental conditions will have on these CNT-based nanocomposites. C1 [Riosbaas, Miranda T.; Loyola, Bryan R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Riosbaas, MT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave MS 9106, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-275-8 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2015 BP 2201 EP 2208 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Civil; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BD9UT UT WOS:000365445302079 ER PT J AU Flynn, EB Haugh, AJ Lopez, SB AF Flynn, Eric B. Haugh, Anthony J. Lopez, Sheri B. BE Chang, FK Kopsaftopoulos, F TI Small Defect Detection Through Local Analysis of Acoustic Spatial Wavenumber SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2015: SYSTEM RELIABILITY FOR VERIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS. 1 AND 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (IWSHM) CY SEP 01-03, 2015 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Air Force Off Sci Res, Boeing, Airbus, Embraer, Verizon HO Stanford Univ ID DAMAGE AB We present some preliminary results in utilizing laser-acquired steady-state ultrasonic response measurements for detecting small defects such as out-of-plane cracking. In our approach, we exploit the local discontinuity in the material impedance, which leads to sharp spatial gradients in the steady-state wave field and manifests as high local wavenumber content in the spatial Fourier domain. We demonstrate the ability to detect, localize, size, and orientate cracks using two techniques: curvature estimation and high-frequency wavenumber imaging. For curvature estimation, we make robust estimates of the Laplacian at each point in two-dimensional steady-state response. In the wavenumber imaging, we high-pass filter the response measurement just above the nominal guided wave wavenumber, and calculated the two-dimensional envelope using the monogenic signal. Both techniques proved effective on two aluminum plate samples, one with 100% through-thickness cracking at a fastener, and one with a 50% through thickness notch on the rear face. C1 [Flynn, Eric B.; Haugh, Anthony J.; Lopez, Sheri B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Flynn, EB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS T001, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-275-8 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2015 BP 2623 EP 2630 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Civil; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BD9UT UT WOS:000365445303037 ER PT J AU Roach, D Rice, T Neidigk, S Piotrowski, D Linn, J AF Roach, Dennis Rice, Tom Neidigk, Stephen Piotrowski, Dave Linn, John BE Chang, FK Kopsaftopoulos, F TI Establishing the Reliability of SHM Systems Through the Extrapolation of NDI Probability of Detection Principles SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2015: SYSTEM RELIABILITY FOR VERIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS. 1 AND 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (IWSHM) CY SEP 01-03, 2015 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Air Force Off Sci Res, Boeing, Airbus, Embraer, Verizon HO Stanford Univ AB Extensive Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) studies have highlighted the ability of various sensors to detect common flaws found in composite and metal structures with sensitivities that meet or exceed current damage detection requirements. Reliable SHM systems can automatically process data, assess structural condition, and signal the need for human intervention. While ad-hoc efforts to introduce SHM into routine aircraft maintenance practices are valuable in leading the way for more widespread SHM use, there is a significant need for formal SHM certification efforts to exercise and define the process of producing routine use of SHM solutions. SHM certification must address the full spectrum of issues ranging from design to performance and deployment to continued airworthiness. Currently, there are no guidelines for SHM system designers or agreed-upon procedures for quantifying the performance of SHM systems. The FAA Airworthiness Assurance Center (AANC) at Sandia Labs, in conjunction with Boeing, Delta Air Lines, Structural Monitoring Systems and Anodyne Electronic Manufacturing, is conducting a study to develop and carry out a certification process for SHM. By conducting a focused assessment of a particular aircraft application, all aspects of SHM integration are being addressed. While it is important to recognize the unique validation and verification tasks that arise from distinct differences between SHM and nondestructive inspection (NDI) deployment and flaw detection, it should be recognized that some portions of the methodology needed to determine NDI performance can be adapted to the validation of SHM systems. In this study, statistical methods were applied to laboratory and flight test data to derive Probability of Detection (POD) values for SHM sensors in a fashion that agrees with current NDI requirements. C1 [Roach, Dennis; Rice, Tom; Neidigk, Stephen] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Piotrowski, Dave] Delta TechOps, Atlanta, GA 30354 USA. [Linn, John] Boeing, Seal Beach, CA 90740 USA. RP Roach, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-275-8 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2015 BP 2657 EP 2666 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Civil; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BD9UT UT WOS:000365445303041 ER PT J AU Piotrowski, D Roach, D Melton, A Bohler, J Rice, T Neidigk, S Linn, J AF Piotrowski, David Roach, Dennis Melton, Alex Bohler, John Rice, Tom Neidigk, Stephen Linn, John BE Chang, FK Kopsaftopoulos, F TI Implementation of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) into an Airline Maintenance Program SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2015: SYSTEM RELIABILITY FOR VERIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS. 1 AND 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (IWSHM) CY SEP 01-03, 2015 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Air Force Off Sci Res, Boeing, Airbus, Embraer, Verizon HO Stanford Univ AB Delta Air Lines has partnered with Sandia National Labs, FAA, Boeing, Anodyne Electronics Manufacturing Corp. (AEM), and Structural Measurement Systems (SMS) on a novel SHM program using Comparative Vacuum Monitoring (CVM) sensors. The goal is to produce regulatory guidance that will enable widespread adoption of SHM across the commercial aviation industry. This "blueprint" is required since current regulations do not define SHM, nor validation and certification of SHM required for implementation. C1 [Piotrowski, David] Delta TechOps, Atlanta, GA 30354 USA. [Roach, Dennis] Sandia Natl Labs, FAA Airworthiness Assurance NDI Validat Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Piotrowski, D (reprint author), Delta TechOps, Atlanta, GA 30354 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-275-8 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2015 BP 2727 EP 2733 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Civil; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BD9UT UT WOS:000365445303049 ER PT J AU Hajrya, R Kopsaftopoulos, F Roy, S Ladpli, P Chang, FK AF Hajrya, R. Kopsaftopoulos, F. Roy, S. Ladpli, P. Chang, F. -K. BE Chang, FK Kopsaftopoulos, F TI Decision Making for Reference-Free Damage Detection SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2015: SYSTEM RELIABILITY FOR VERIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS. 1 AND 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (IWSHM) CY SEP 01-03, 2015 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Air Force Off Sci Res, Boeing, Airbus, Embraer, Verizon HO Stanford Univ ID PERTURBATION-THEORY AB This paper concerns a reflection on a new decision boundary technique devoted for baseline-free damage detection purpose. Its scope focuses in studying analytically the impact of an unknown disturbance on the behavior of a monitored structure, through linear and nonlinear perturbation models. These perturbation models are introduced to interpret how an unknown disturbance away linearly and nonlinearly a monitored structure from its initial state, which is a healthy one, to its current state, which can be damaged or a healthy one that has undergone environmental/operational variations. To quantify the amount of that unknown disturbance effect, matrix perturbation theory is addressed to define two analytical bounds. The gap between them gives the decision regarding the monitored structure current state. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through an experimental setup of a test coupon aluminum plate, which has undergone varying loads and temperatures conditions, and crack damage cases. C1 [Hajrya, R.] Embedded Elect Syst Res Inst, F-76800 Normandie, France. [Kopsaftopoulos, F.; Ladpli, P.; Chang, F. -K.] Stanford Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Roy, S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Hajrya, R (reprint author), Embedded Elect Syst Res Inst, Ave Galilee, F-76800 Normandie, France. RI Kopsaftopoulos, Fotis/J-5631-2016 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-275-8 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2015 BP 2964 EP 2971 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Civil; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BD9UT UT WOS:000365445303077 ER PT S AU Brejnholt, NF Ayers, JJ McCarville, RJ Pardini, T Pickworth, LA Bradley, DK Decker, TA Hau-Riege, SP Hill, RM Pivovaroff, MJ Soufli, R Vogel, JK Walton, CC AF Brejnholt, Nicolai F. Ayers, Jay J. McCarville, Roams J. Pardini, Torn Pickworth, Louisa A. Bradley, David K. Decker, Todd A. Hau-Riege, Stefan P. Hill, Randal M. Pivovaroff, Michael J. Soufli, Regina Vogel, Julia K. Walton, Chris C. BE Koch, JA Grim, GP TI Calibration results for first NIF Kirkpatrick-Baez microscope SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion IV CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; SCATTERING; FUSION; IMAGER AB The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has been developing a novel X-ray imager for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) utilizing Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) mirror geometry. A fully assembled mirror pack contains four KB optic pairs featuring cylindrical mirrors with custom-designed multilayer coatings. Multiple interchangeable mirror packs have been commissioned for various experimental campaigns, with high spatial resolution (< 5 mu m) at the center of the field of view and 12x magnification. Tight tolerances on the grazing angles of the X-ray mirrors require precision alignment md assembly of each component via a coordinate measuring machine, and a comprehensive off-line calibration of the four KB channels at Xray wavelengths. The main goals of the calibration campaign are to measure the performance of the multilayer, validate the assembly procedure by measuring the as-built spatial resolution and determine the best object to mirror pack distance (drive depth) of the microscope for fielding at NIF. We report on the results of this effort on the first fully assembled NIF KB X-ray imager. This work was per formexl under the auspices of the U.S. Depar tint nil of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National I thom dory Eider Contrict DH-AC52-07NA27344. 676859. C1 [Brejnholt, Nicolai F.; Ayers, Jay J.; McCarville, Roams J.; Pardini, Torn; Pickworth, Louisa A.; Bradley, David K.; Decker, Todd A.; Hau-Riege, Stefan P.; Hill, Randal M.; Pivovaroff, Michael J.; Soufli, Regina; Vogel, Julia K.; Walton, Chris C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Brejnholt, NF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM brejnholt1@llnl.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-757-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9591 AR 95910J DI 10.1117/12.2187150 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0ML UT WOS:000366303200016 ER PT S AU Carpenter, AC Clancy, TJ Beeman, B Bell, P AF Carpenter, A. C. Clancy, T. J. Beeman, B. Bell, P. BE Koch, JA Grim, GP TI Digitizer Architecture Analysis for Target Diagnostics on the National Ignition Facility SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion IV CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE NIF; Target Diagnostics; Systems Engineering; Digitizer AB This paper covers a systems engineering analysis of existing scope-based Target Diagnostics (TD) on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), for the purpose of selecting a standard digitizer architecture future diagnostics. Key performance criteria and a summary of test results are presented. Currently of the 60+ Target Diagnostics, at least fifteen use a type of high speed electrical signal data read-out device leading to over 200 digitization channels spread over six types of CRT and digital oscilloscopes, each with multiple models and versions. The proposed standard architecture discussed in this paper allows the NIF to efficiently and reliably operate digitizers that meet the required performance metrics for the lifetime of the NIF. The systems engineering analysis identifies key stakeholders for multiple subsets of scope-based diagnostics including but not limited to the nToFs (neutron Time of Flight), DANTE a broadband, time-resolved x-ray spectrometer, SPBT (South Pole Bang Time), GRH (Gamma Reaction History), and FFLEX (Filter Fluorescer Diagnostic). From these stakeholders, key performance metrics are derived and feed into test and evaluation criteria for different digitizers and architectures. C1 [Carpenter, A. C.; Clancy, T. J.; Beeman, B.; Bell, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Carpenter, AC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-757-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9591 AR 95910B DI 10.1117/12.2186102 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0ML UT WOS:000366303200008 ER PT S AU Chow, R Frieders, G Jensen, W Pearson, M Datte, P AF Chow, Robert Frieders, Gene Jensen, Wayne Pearson, Mark Datte, Phil BE Koch, JA Grim, GP TI Materials Characterization of Irradiated Spectralon from the NIF Target Chamber SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion IV CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE National Ignition Facility; NIF; Spectralon; neutrons; gamma; radiation ID AMORPHOUS FLUOROPOLYMER; POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE; FILMS; RADIATION AB The Near Backscatter Imager (NBI) participates in nearly every kind of experiment conducted at NIF and measures backscatter, the result of the interaction between incident laser light and plasma waves at a target. Large Spectralon plates, on the order of a hundreds of mm per side, are used as Lambertian scatter components for the NBI diagnostics. The plates were deployed in 2009 and replaced in April of 2014. All NBI assemblies suffered reflectivity degradation, and some of these changes were spatially localized defects observed after irradiation to a cumulative combined neutron and. dose of 0.038 Gy. The growth of a defect was correlated to the combined cumulative neutron and. radiation dose from NIF fusion shots. Spectralon plates that were irradiated to cumulative combined neutron and. dose of 0.74 Gy were characterized for materials and mechanical changes with the following techniques: RBS, FTIR, XPS, SEM, EDX and tensile tests. These tests indicate that the bulk Spectralon did not measurably degrade but there are discolorations that affect the reflectivity. Surface analysis indicates that the surface CF2 species re-forms to make various organic and CFx species. C1 [Chow, Robert; Frieders, Gene; Jensen, Wayne; Pearson, Mark; Datte, Phil] LLNL, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chow, R (reprint author), LLNL, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM chow3@llnl.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-757-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9591 AR 95910C DI 10.1117/12.2188314 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0ML UT WOS:000366303200009 ER PT S AU Claus, L Fang, L Kay, R Kimmel, M Long, J Robertson, G Sanchez, M Stahoviak, J Trotter, D Porter, JL AF Claus, L. Fang, L. Kay, R. Kimmel, M. Long, J. Robertson, G. Sanchez, M. Stahoviak, J. Trotter, D. Porter, J. L. BE Koch, JA Grim, GP TI An overview of the Ultra-Fast X-ray Imager (UXI) program at Sandia Labs SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion IV CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE ASIC; multi-frame; pixel; ROIC; hybrid; CMOS; high-speed ID STORAGE AB The Ultra-Fast X-ray Imager (UXI) program is an ongoing effort at Sandia National Laboratories to create high speed, multi-frame, time gated Read Out Integrated Circuits (ROICs), and a corresponding suite of photodetectors to image a wide variety of High Energy Density (HED) physics experiments on both Sandia's Z-Machine and the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The program is currently fielding a 1024 x 448 prototype camera with 25 mu m pixel spatial resolution, 2 frames of in-pixel storage and the possibility of exchanging spatial resolution to achieve 4 or 8 frames of storage. The camera's minimum integration time is 2 ns. Minimum signal target is 1500 e- rms and full well is 1.5 million e-. The design and initial characterization results will be presented as well as a description of future imagers. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. SAND2015-5634 C C1 [Claus, L.; Fang, L.; Kay, R.; Kimmel, M.; Long, J.; Robertson, G.; Sanchez, M.; Stahoviak, J.; Trotter, D.; Porter, J. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Claus, L (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM ldclaus@sandia.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-757-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9591 AR 95910P DI 10.1117/12.2188336 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0ML UT WOS:000366303200021 ER PT S AU Datte, P James, G Celliers, P Kalantar, D de Dios, GV AF Datte, P. James, G. Celliers, P. Kalantar, D. de Dios, G. Verge BE Koch, JA Grim, GP TI Gated Photocathode Design for the P510 Electron Tube used in the National Ignition Facility (NIF) Optical Streak Cameras SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion IV CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Streak Camera; Gated Photocathode; Streak Tube; Push-Pull MOSFET Gate Topology; High side gated cathode AB The optical streak cameras currently used at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) implement the P510 electron tube from Photonis(1). The existing high voltage electronics provide DC bias voltages to the cathode, slot, and focusing electrodes. The sweep deflection plates are driven by a ramp voltage. This configuration has been very successful for the majority of measurements required at NIF. New experiments require that the photocathode be gated or blanked to reduce the effects of undesirable scattered light competing with low light level experimental data. The required similar to 2500V gate voltage is applied between the photocathode and the slot electrode in response to an external trigger to allow the electrons to flow. Otherwise the slot electrode is held approximately 100 Volts more negative than the potential of the photocathode, preventing electron flow. This article reviews the implementation and performance of the gating circuit that applies an electronic gate to the photocathode with a nominal 50ns rise and fall time, and a pulse width between 50ns and 2000ns. C1 [Datte, P.; James, G.; Celliers, P.; Kalantar, D.; de Dios, G. Verge] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Datte, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Livermore, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM datte1@llnl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-757-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9591 AR 95910D DI 10.1117/12.2190224 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0ML UT WOS:000366303200010 ER PT S AU Dutra, EC MacNeil, LP Compton, SM Jacoby, BA Raphaelian, ML AF Dutra, E. C. MacNeil, L. P. Compton, S. M. Jacoby, B. A. Raphaelian, M. L. BE Koch, JA Grim, GP TI Mirrored low energy channel for the MiniXRD SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion IV CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray Diode (XRD); Low Energy Channel (LEC); X-rays; low resolution X-ray spectrometer; mirrored channel AB X-ray Diodes (XRDs) are currently used for spectroscopic measurements, measuring X-ray flux, and estimating spectral shape of the VUV to soft X-ray spectrum. A niche exists for an inexpensive, robust X-ray diode that can be used for experiments in hostile environments on multiple platforms, including explosively driven experiments that have the potential for destroying the diode during the experiment. A multiple channel stacked filtered array was developed with a small field of view where a wider parallel array could not be used, but filtered channels for energies lower than 1000 eV were too fragile to deploy under normal conditions. To achieve both the robustness and the required low-energy detection ability, we designed a small low-energy mirrored channel with a spectral sensitivity from 30 to 1000 eV. The stacked MiniXRD X-ray diode system design incorporates the mirrored low-energy channel on the front of the stacked filtered channels to allow the system to work within a small field of view. We will present results that demonstrate this is a promising solution for low-energy spectrum measurements. C1 [Dutra, E. C.; MacNeil, L. P.; Raphaelian, M. L.] Natl Secur Technol NSTec LLC, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Compton, S. M.; Jacoby, B. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dutra, EC (reprint author), Natl Secur Technol NSTec LLC, 161 S Vasco Rd, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dutraec@nv.doe.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-757-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9591 AR 959108 DI 10.1117/12.2188709 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0ML UT WOS:000366303200005 ER PT S AU Fittinghoff, DN Bettencourt, R Christensen, K Grim, GP Hibbard, RL Jedlovec, DR Shingleton, N Merrill, FE Fatherley, VE Simpson, R Volegov, PL Wilde, CH AF Fittinghoff, D. N. Bettencourt, R. Christensen, K. Grim, G. P. Hibbard, R. L. Jedlovec, D. R. Shingleton, N. Merrill, F. E. Fatherley, V. E. Simpson, R. Volegov, P. L. Wilde, C. H. BE Koch, JA Grim, GP TI Multi-axis neutron imaging at the National Ignition Facility SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion IV CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE neutron imaging; National Ignition Facility; NIF; Inertial confinement fusion; ICF; burn volume AB Inertial confinement fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) rely on a neutron imager to measure the 2D size and shape of the neutron-producing region in the burning deuterium-tritium plasma. Since the existing neutron imager is located on the equator of the NIF chamber, it provides only one view of the plasma, which complicates understanding the inherently three-dimensional nature of the implosion. Attempts to use x-ray images combined with the neutron image to improve our understanding of the 3D neutron-burn volume have proved to be inconsistent with the fuel mass. This result is understandable since neutrons and x-rays are not produced or propagated in the same manner. Thus, it is desirable to use multiple neutron imagers, and we are designing two neutron imagers on lines of sight that are nearly orthogonal to the current imager, one near the pole of the chamber and one near the equator, for fielding on the NIF in the next five years. In this paper, we will discuss the current designs, including the resolution, field of view and placement in the facility that will be required to use the three orthogonal neutron imagers to measure the neutron burn volume of plasmas at NIF. Prepared by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. C1 [Fittinghoff, D. N.; Bettencourt, R.; Christensen, K.; Grim, G. P.; Hibbard, R. L.; Jedlovec, D. R.; Shingleton, N.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Merrill, F. E.; Fatherley, V. E.; Simpson, R.; Volegov, P. L.; Wilde, C. H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fittinghoff, DN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-757-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9591 AR 95910E DI 10.1117/12.2186683 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0ML UT WOS:000366303200011 ER PT S AU Galbraith, J Bettencourt, R Shaughnessy, D Gharibyan, N Talison, B Morris, K Smith, C AF Galbraith, Justin Bettencourt, Ron Shaughnessy, Dawn Gharibyan, Narek Talison, Bahram Morris, Kevin Smith, Cal BE Koch, JA Grim, GP TI Vast Area Detection for Experimental Radiochemistry (VADER) at the National Ignition Facility SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion IV CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE VADER; National Ignition Facility; NIF; Radiochemistry AB At the National Ignition Facility (NIF), the flux of neutrons and charged particles at peak burn in an inertial confinement fusion capsule induces measureable concentrations of nuclear reaction products in the target material. Radiochemical analysis of post-shot debris can be used to determine diagnostic parameters associated with implosion of the capsule, including fuel areal density and ablator-fuel mixing. Additionally, analysis of debris from specially doped targets can support nuclear forensic research. We have developed and are deploying the Vast Area Detection for Experimental Radiochemistry (VADER) diagnostic to collect shot debris and interact with post-shot reaction products at the NIF. VADER uses quick release collectors that are easily reconfigured for different materials and geometries. Collectors are located similar to 50 cm from the NIF target; each of up to 9 collectors views similar to 0.005-0.0125 steradians solid angle, dependent upon configuration. Dynamic loading of the NIF target vaporized mass was modelled using LS-DYNA. 3-dimensional printing was utilized to expedite the design process. Model-based manufacturing was used throughout. We will describe the design and operation of this diagnostic as well as some initial results. C1 [Galbraith, Justin; Bettencourt, Ron; Shaughnessy, Dawn; Gharibyan, Narek; Talison, Bahram; Morris, Kevin; Smith, Cal] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Galbraith, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-757-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9591 AR 95910G DI 10.1117/12.2189310 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0ML UT WOS:000366303200013 ER PT S AU Haugh, MJ Lee, JJ Jacoby, KD Christensen, C Loisel, G AF Haugh, M. J. Lee, J. J. Jacoby, K. D. Christensen, C. Loisel, G. BE Koch, JA Grim, GP TI Determining the diffraction properties of a cylindrically bent KAP(001) crystal from 1 to 5 keV SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion IV CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray spectrometer; KAP crystals; diffraction; Rocking Curve; integrated reflectivity; multi-lamellar; bent crystal diffraction properties; resolving power AB Various crystals are used for the dispersive components of X-ray spectrometers. The crystals are usually bent to meet the desired measurement needs, such as focusing. The bending can change the crystal diffraction properties, thus altering the spectrometer throughput and resolving power. This work concerns measuring the diffraction properties of a potassium acid phthalate (001) [KAP(001)] crystal bent into a circular cylinder segment. The measurement methods using a diode source and a synchrotron source are described. The multi-lamellar model for calculating the diffraction properties of a bent crystal is described. The measurement results are compared to the multi-lamellar model and show qualitative agreement. The measurements show how to make the multi-lamellar calculations a useful estimate. A method is given to make useful estimates of the diffraction properties of a KAP(001) crystal bent into a circular cylinder segment. C1 [Haugh, M. J.; Lee, J. J.; Jacoby, K. D.] Natl Secur Technol LLC, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Loisel, G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Christensen, C.] Natl Secur Technol LLC, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Haugh, MJ (reprint author), Natl Secur Technol LLC, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM haughmj@nv.doe.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-757-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9591 AR 95910K DI 10.1117/12.2186576 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0ML UT WOS:000366303200017 ER PT S AU Jedlovec, D Christensen, K AF Jedlovec, Donald Christensen, Kim BE Koch, JA Grim, GP TI Shot-time Photography at the National Ignition Facility SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion IV CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE photography; digital camera; trigger; NIF target chamber AB The Nation Ignition Facility (NIF) conducts a variety of experiments to study matter at the extremes, including studies of material properties, hydrodynamics, and the interaction of intense radiation fields with matter. The NIF supports the users by operating twenty-four hours a day, with a laser shot rate that averages one per day. We have developed a shot time camera that has the capability to provide an image of each shot for the users. While initially more of a promotional tool, there is emerging interest from the scientific staff in support of their experiments at the NIF. The shot time camera is a time integrated, shot-triggered, digital camera that images visible light generated at shot time in the NIF target chamber. It is selectable by the user and operates automatically with the NIF shot cycle. We will discuss the system design, recent results, and plans for the future. C1 [Jedlovec, Donald; Christensen, Kim] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Jedlovec, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-757-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9591 AR 95910N DI 10.1117/12.2189236 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0ML UT WOS:000366303200019 ER PT S AU Jedlovec, D Christensen, K Velsko, C Cassata, B Stoeffl, W Shaughnessy, D Lugten, J Golod, T Massey, W AF Jedlovec, Donald Christensen, Kim Velsko, Carol Cassata, Bill Stoeffl, Wolfgang Shaughnessy, Dawn Lugten, John Golod, Tony Massey, Warren BE Koch, JA Grim, GP TI Upgrades to the Radiochemistry Analysis of Gas Samples (RAGS) Diagnostic at the National Ignition Facility SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion IV CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE krypton; radiochemistry; cryogenic; nuclear diagnostic AB The Radiochemical Analysis of Gaseous Samples (RAGS) diagnostic apparatus operates at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). At the NIF, xenon is injected into the target chamber as a tracer, used as an analyte in the NIF targets, and generated as a fission product from 14 MeV neutron fission of depleted uranium contained in the NIF hohlraum. Following a NIF shot, the RAGS apparatus used to collect the gas from the NIF target chamber and then to cryogenically fractionate xenon gas. Radio-xenon and other activation products are collected and counted via gamma spectrometry, with the results used to determine critical physics parameters including: capsule areal density, fuel-ablator mix, and nuclear cross sections. We will discuss the following performance upgrades to the system: Modification of the xenon fractionator to allow collection of krypton. Krypton is an important target analyte and is also generated as fission gas in NIF shots. We have modified the cryostat to enable fractionation of xenon, krypton, or both. A translatable detector for quantification of the fission gases. An in situ Germanium detector is used to count the radio isotopes collected on the coldhead. NIF shots that incorporate depleted uranium in the hohlraum generate large amounts of fission gas, the radioactivity of which paralyzes the detector. We have designed a system that will adjust the detector-to-coldhead distance based upon either the count rate or the time after the NIF shot. C1 [Jedlovec, Donald; Christensen, Kim; Velsko, Carol; Cassata, Bill; Stoeffl, Wolfgang; Shaughnessy, Dawn; Lugten, John; Golod, Tony; Massey, Warren] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Jedlovec, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-757-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9591 AR 95910F DI 10.1117/12.2189240 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0ML UT WOS:000366303200012 ER PT S AU Jedlovec, DR Edwards, ER Carrera, JA Yeamans, CB AF Jedlovec, Donald R. Edwards, Ellen R. Carrera, Jorge A. Yeamans, Charles B. BE Koch, JA Grim, GP TI Implementation of an Enhanced, Permanently Installed, Neutron Activation Diagnostic Hardware for NIF SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion IV CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE neutron activation; NIF; lanthanum bromide AB Neutron activation diagnostics are commonly employed as baseline neutron yield and relative spatial flux measurement instruments. Much insight into implosion performance has been gained by deployment of up to 19 identical activation diagnostic samples distributed around the target chamber at unique angular locations. Their relative simplicity and traceability provide neutron facilities with a diagnostic platform that is easy to implement and verify. However, the current National Ignition Facility (NIF) implementation relies on removable activation samples, creating a 1-2 week data turn-around time and considerable labor costs. The system described here utilizes a commercially-available lanthanum bromide (cerium-doped) scintillator with an integrated MCA emulator as the counting system and a machined zirconium-702 cap as the activation medium. The device is installed within the target bay and monitored remotely. Additionally, this system allows the placement of any activation medium tailored to the specific measurement needs. We discuss the design and function of a stand-alone and permanently installed neutron activation detector unit to measure the yield and average energy of a nominal 14 MeV neutron source with a pulse length less than one nanosecond. C1 [Jedlovec, Donald R.; Edwards, Ellen R.; Carrera, Jorge A.; Yeamans, Charles B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Jedlovec, DR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-757-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9591 AR 95910H DI 10.1117/12.2190153 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0ML UT WOS:000366303200014 ER PT S AU Lugten, JB Brown, CG Piston, KW Beeman, BV Allen, FV Boyle, DT Brown, CG Cruz, JG Kittle, DR Lumbard, AA Torres, P Hargrove, DR Benedetti, LR Bell, PM AF Lugten, John B. Brown, Charles G. Piston, Kenneth W. Beeman, Bart V. Allen, Fred V. Boyle, Dustin T. Brown, Christopher G. Cruz, Jason G. Kittle, Douglas R. Lumbard, Alexander A. Torres, Peter, III Hargrove, Dana R. Benedetti, Laura Robin Bell, Perry M. BE Koch, JA Grim, GP TI Optimizing the input and output transmission lines that gate the microchannel plate in a high speed framing camera SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion IV CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray framing camera; fast gated microchannel plate; microstrip transmission line; RF impedance matching; Klopfenstein taper AB We present new designs for the launch and receiver boards used in a high speed x-ray framing camera at the National Ignition Facility. The new launch board uses a Klopfenstein taper to match the 50 ohm input impedance to the similar to 10 ohm microchannel plate. The new receiver board incorporates design changes resulting in an output monitor pulse shape that more accurately represents the pulse shape at the input and across the microchannel plate; this is valuable for assessing and monitoring the electrical performance of the assembled framing camera head. The launch and receiver boards maximize power coupling to the microchannel plate, minimize cross talk between channels, and minimize reflections. We discuss some of the design tradeoffs we explored, and present modeling results and measured performance. We also present our methods for dealing with the non-ideal behavior of coupling capacitors and terminating resistors. We compare the performance of these new designs to that of some earlier designs. C1 [Lugten, John B.; Brown, Charles G.; Piston, Kenneth W.; Beeman, Bart V.; Allen, Fred V.; Boyle, Dustin T.; Cruz, Jason G.; Kittle, Douglas R.; Lumbard, Alexander A.; Hargrove, Dana R.; Benedetti, Laura Robin; Bell, Perry M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Brown, Christopher G.; Torres, Peter, III] Natl Secur Technol LLC, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lugten, JB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM lugten1@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-757-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9591 AR 95910L DI 10.1117/12.2189139 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0ML UT WOS:000366303200018 ER PT S AU Manuel, AM Millot, M Seppala, LG Frieders, G Zeid, Z Christensen, K Celliers, PM AF Manuel, A. M. Millot, Marius Seppala, L. G. Frieders, G. Zeid, Z. Christensen, K. Celliers, P. M. BE Koch, JA Grim, GP TI Upgrades to the VISAR Streaked Optical Pyrometer (SOP) system on NIF SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion IV CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE NIF; VISAR; SOP; equation of state; shock wave; streak camera; Dove prism; K-mirror ID COMPRESSION AB The Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector (VISAR) is a critical diagnostic in Inertial Confinement Fusion and High Energy Density research as it has the ability to track shock fronts or interfaces moving 0.1-100 km/s with great accuracy. At the National Ignition Facility (NIF), the VISAR has recently been used successfully for implosion tuning and equation of state measurements. However, the initial design of the companion Streaked Optical Pyrometer (SOP) to measure spectral radiance - hence shock temperature - suffers from large background levels and poor spatial resolution. We report on an upgrade to improve the spatial resolution in the 560-640nm band by using custom lenses and replacing the Dove prism with a K-mirror and implementing a gating-circuit for the streak camera to reduce background signal. We envision that upgraded SOP will provide high quality data collection matching NIF VISAR's standards. C1 [Manuel, A. M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Manuel, A. M.; Millot, Marius; Seppala, L. G.; Frieders, G.; Zeid, Z.; Christensen, K.; Celliers, P. M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Manuel, AM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM manuel2@llnl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-757-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9591 AR UNSP 959104 DI 10.1117/12.2189122 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0ML UT WOS:000366303200003 ER PT S AU Opachich, YP Chen, N Bell, PM Bradley, DK Feng, J Gopal, A Hilsabeck, TJ Huffman, E Koch, JA Landen, OL MacPhee, AG Nagel, SR Udin, S AF Opachich, Y. P. Chen, N. Bell, P. M. Bradley, D. K. Feng, J. Gopal, A. Hilsabeck, T. J. Huffman, E. Koch, J. A. Landen, O. L. MacPhee, A. G. Nagel, S. R. Udin, S. BE Koch, JA Grim, GP TI Precision Fabrication of Large Area Silicon Based Geometrically Enhanced X-ray Photocathodes Using Plasma Etching SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion IV CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID WAVELENGTH BAND 1-300; PHOTO-CATHODES AB Geometrically enhanced photocathodes are currently being developed for use in applications that seek to improve detector efficiency in the visible to X-ray ranges. Various photocathode surface geometries are typically chosen based on the detector operational wavelength region, along with requirements such as spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and dynamic range. Recently, a structure has been identified for possible use in the X-ray region. This anisotropic high aspect ratio structure has been produced in silicon using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching technology. The process is specifically developed with respect to the pattern density and geometry of the photocathode chip to achieve the desired sidewall profile angle. The tapered sidewall profile angle precision has been demonstrated to be within +/- 2.5 degrees for a similar to 12 degrees wall angle, with feature sizes that range between 3-9 mu m in diameter and 3-17 mu m depth. Here we discuss the device applications, design and present the method used to produce a set of geometrically enhanced high yield X-ray photocathodes in silicon. C1 [Opachich, Y. P.; Huffman, E.; Koch, J. A.] Natl Secur Technol LLC, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Chen, N.; Gopal, A.; Udin, S.] Nanoshift LLC, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. [Bell, P. M.; Bradley, D. K.; Landen, O. L.; MacPhee, A. G.; Nagel, S. R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Hilsabeck, T. J.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Feng, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Opachich, YP (reprint author), Natl Secur Technol LLC, 161 S Vasco Rd, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-757-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9591 AR 95910O DI 10.1117/12.2186622 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0ML UT WOS:000366303200020 ER PT S AU Palmer, NE Chen, H Nelson, J Heerey, S Piston, K Thao, M Schneider, M Bell, P Bradley, D Porter, J Stahoviak, J Sanchez, M Claus, L AF Palmer, Nathan E. Chen, Hui Nelson, Jarom Heerey, Sukhdeep Piston, Ken Thao, Mai Schneider, Marilyn Bell, Perry Bradley, Dave Porter, John Stahoviak, John Sanchez, Marcos Claus, Liam BE Koch, JA Grim, GP TI Design and implementation of a gated laser entrance hole imaging diagnostic (G-LEH-1) at NIF SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion IV CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray imaging; gated CMOS imager; Ultrafast X-ray Imager; UXI; National Ignition Facility; NIF; laser entrance hole; LEH; Static X-ray Imager; SXI AB Gated x-ray images through the laser entrance hole (LEH) of a hohlraum can provide critical information for ICF experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), such as the size of the LEH vs time, the growth of the gold bubble(1), and the change in the brightness of inner beam spots due to time-varying cross beam energy transfer(2). Incorporating a high-speed multi-frame CMOS x-ray imager developed by Sandia National Laboratories(3,4) into the existing Static X-ray Imager (SXI) diagnostic(5) at NIF, the new Gated LEH Imager #1 (G-LEH-1) diagnostic is capable of capturing two to four LEH images per shot on its 1024x448 pixel photo detector array, with integration times as low as 2 ns per frame. The design of this diagnostic and its implementation on NIF will be presented. C1 [Palmer, Nathan E.; Chen, Hui; Nelson, Jarom; Heerey, Sukhdeep; Piston, Ken; Thao, Mai; Schneider, Marilyn; Bell, Perry; Bradley, Dave] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Porter, John; Sanchez, Marcos; Claus, Liam] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Stahoviak, John] ABQfpga, Sandia Pk, NM 87047 USA. RP Palmer, NE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM palmer36@llnl.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-757-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9591 AR 959106 DI 10.1117/12.2189124 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0ML UT WOS:000366303200004 ER PT S AU Ross, PW Ahmed, MF Bailey, JE Dunham, GS Emig, JA Heeter, RF Huffman, EJ Perry, TS Opachich, YP Liedahl, DA Schneider, M Stone, GF AF Ross, P. W. Ahmed, M. F. Bailey, J. E. Dunham, G. S. Emig, J. A. Heeter, R. F. Huffman, E. J. Perry, T. S. Opachich, Y. P. Liedahl, D. A. Schneider, M. Stone, G. F. BE Koch, JA Grim, GP TI Opacity spectrometer design for opacity measurements at the National Ignition Facility SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion IV CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE National Ignition Facility; opacity; spectrometer; Bragg crystal ID MICROSCOPY TECHNIQUES; RAY AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) Opacity Spectrometer (Op Spec) is a modular spectrometer designed initially for opacity experiments on NIF. The design of the Op Spec is presented in light of the requirements and constraints. Potential dispersing elements and detector configurations are presented, and the advantages and disadvantages of each configuration are discussed. The full Op Spec design covers the energy range from approximately 550 eV to 2 keV. The energy resolution of the Op Spec is E/AE > 500. Applications of the Op Spec are discussed, including relevant astrophysical applications for NIF experiments, and will compliment recently published work on the Z machine. (Bailey, et al., Nature 517, 56-59 (2015).) This work was done by National Security Technologies, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25946 with the U.S. Department of Energy. C1 [Ross, P. W.; Huffman, E. J.; Opachich, Y. P.] Natl Secur Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Ahmed, M. F.; Emig, J. A.; Heeter, R. F.; Liedahl, D. A.; Schneider, M.; Stone, G. F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Bailey, J. E.; Dunham, G. S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Perry, T. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Ross, PW (reprint author), Natl Secur Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rosspw@nv.doe.gov RI Perry, Theodore/K-3333-2014 OI Perry, Theodore/0000-0002-8832-2033 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-757-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9591 AR 959101 DI 10.1117/12.2188579 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0ML UT WOS:000366303200015 ER PT S AU Smith, CA Wang, KM Masters, N AF Smith, Cal A. Wang, Karen M. Masters, Nathan BE Koch, JA Grim, GP TI Disposable Blast shields For Use On NIF Imaging Diagnostics SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion IV CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE NIF; disposable design; blast shield; pinhole protection AB The NiFs 192 lasers can deliver 2 NU of energy to Target Chamber Center (TCC) to produce environments not available in any other experimental laboratory. The NI Is ability to deliver such intense energy to a small volumt harsh consequences to experimental equipment and supporting diagnostics such as holhraums, support packages, target positioners, diagnostic equipment, and laser optics. Of these, the hohlraum and support packages are typically quickly vaporized and transformed into an expanding shell of high-hypersonic gases referred to as debris wind. During an experimental event such as fusion implosion, the target diagnostic components used to measure key observables in the experiment are subjected to extreme pressures and impact shocks due to incident debris wind loading. As diagnostics are positioned closer to WC, the diagnostic pinhole stacks and other components along the diagnostic structure become more likely to be at or above the yield strength of the materials commonly used. in particular, the H-hole stack components and data recording instruments behind the pinholes are the most costly to replace. Thus, a conceptual configuration for a pinhole shield is proposed, awdyzed, and tested with the intent of damage to the pinhole stack and imaging equipment a IId allowing immediate re-use of this diagnostic et thirnent. This pinhole shield would be a replaceable window that cart be replaced quickly by inserting and removing it before and after each experimental laser shot, vhich will allow NIF to benefit from significant material and labor costs. C1 [Smith, Cal A.; Masters, Nathan] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Wang, Karen M.] Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Smith, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM smith462@llnl.gov; kmwang14@stanford.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-757-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9591 AR 959109 DI 10.1117/12.2187318 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0ML UT WOS:000366303200006 ER PT S AU Turnbull, D Ayers, S Bell, P Chow, R Frieders, G Hibbard, RL Michel, P Ralph, JE Ross, JS Stanley, JR Vickers, JL Zeid, ZM Moody, JD AF Turnbull, David Ayers, Shannon Bell, Perry Chow, Robert Frieders, Gene Hibbard, Robin L. Michel, Pierre Ralph, Joseph E. Ross, James S. Stanley, Joel R. Vickers, James L. Zeid, Ziad M. Moody, John D. BE Koch, JA Grim, GP TI Complete Time-Resolved Polarimetry of Scattered Light at the National Ignition Facility SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion IV CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE National Ignition Facility; indirect-drive; inertial confinement fusion; stimulated Brillouin scattering; polarimetry; crossed-beam energy transfer ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; PHYSICS BASIS; PLASMA AB The 3 omega scattered light polarimetry diagnostic in the 30 degrees incidence cone backscatter diagnostic at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) is being upgraded to measure the full time-resolved Stokes vector. Previously, the diagnostic had a single channel capable of diagnosing the time-integrated balance of the horizontal and vertical polarizations. Two additional channels were added one that measures the balance of the 450 and 135 projections, and another that measures the right- and left-circular polarizations and together the three complete the Stokes vector measurement. A division-of-aperture scheme is employed in which three nearby portions of the near field are sampled simultaneously. Time resolution is obtained by relaying an image of the measured regions onto a set of fibers coupled to diodes. The new diagnostic will be capable of measuring scattered light signals.1GW with R..- 120ps time resolution. This will allow more rigorous evaluation of earlier indications that backscatter polarization can serve as a quantitative diagnostic of crossed-beam energy transfer in indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion experiments. It will also be used to diagnose Faraday rotation induced by magnetic fields in collisionless shock and turbulent dynamo experiments later this year. C1 [Turnbull, David; Ayers, Shannon; Bell, Perry; Chow, Robert; Frieders, Gene; Hibbard, Robin L.; Michel, Pierre; Ralph, Joseph E.; Ross, James S.; Stanley, Joel R.; Vickers, James L.; Zeid, Ziad M.; Moody, John D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Turnbull, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM turnbull2@llnl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-757-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9591 AR 959103 DI 10.1117/12.2188787 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0ML UT WOS:000366303200002 ER PT S AU Mitrofanov, O Luk, TS Brener, I Reno, JL AF Mitrofanov, Oleg Luk, Ting Shan Brener, Igal Reno, John L. BE Razeghi, M Baranov, AN Zavada, JM Pavlidis, D TI Plasmonic enhancement of sensitivity in terahertz (THz) photo-conductive detectors SO TERAHERTZ EMITTERS, RECEIVERS, AND APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz Emitters, Receivers, and Applications VI CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE terahertz; near-field; time-domain spectroscopy; photonic nanostructure; FDTD ID APERTURES AB We demonstrate enhancement of sensitivity in terahertz photoconductive detectors achieved by incorporation of plasmonic structures into the photo-conductive region of the detector. Auston switches based on low-temperature grown GaAs (LT GaAs) have been reliably used for detection of THz pulses over two decades. This material exhibits high electron mobility with sub-picosecond carrier lifetimes and high dark resistivity. This combination is difficult to achieve in other materials. Application of LT GaAs in THz devices is nevertheless limited due to absorption characteristics of this material. Plasmonic structures can be employed to modify the distribution of the optical field in the photoconductive region and hence modify the response of the THz photoconductive detectors. We will discuss design of plasmonic structures to enhance the response of THz detectors based on LT GaAs and demonstrate incorporation of such structures into THz detectors. We also apply the developed design in integrated photo-conductive probes for THz near-field microscopy, where the enhancement of the material absorption translates into an increase of the detector sensitivity and an improvement in spatial resolution. Performance on these near-field probes that provide a spatial resolution of 35 micrometers (similar to 1/100 of the wavelength) will be discussed and demonstrated. C1 [Mitrofanov, Oleg] UCL, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, London WC1E 7JE, England. [Mitrofanov, Oleg; Luk, Ting Shan; Brener, Igal; Reno, John L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Luk, Ting Shan; Brener, Igal; Reno, John L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mitrofanov, O (reprint author), UCL, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, London WC1E 7JE, England. EM o.mitrofanov@ucl.ac.uk RI Mitrofanov, Oleg/C-1938-2008 OI Mitrofanov, Oleg/0000-0003-3510-2675 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-751-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9585 AR 95850N DI 10.1117/12.2188177 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0MF UT WOS:000366296100015 ER PT S AU Luo, L Wang, JG AF Luo, Liang Wang, Jigang BE Liu, Z TI Terahertz Spectroscopy of Low-Dimensional Nanomaterials: Nonlinear Emission and Ultrafast Electrodynamics SO ULTRAFAST NONLINEAR IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultrafast Nonlinear Imaging and Spectroscopy III CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE ultrafast; THz spectroscopy; THz emitter; dark excitons; carbon nanotubes ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; GENERATION; METAMATERIALS; SPECTRA; PULSES; GAS; THZ AB Nonlinear and non-equilibrium properties of low-dimensional quantum materials are fundamental in nanoscale science yet transformative in nonlinear imaging/photonic technology today. These have been poorly addressed in many nano-materials despite of their well-established equilibrium optical and transport properties. The development of ultrafast terahertz (THz) sources and nonlinear spectroscopy tools facilitates understanding these issues and reveals a wide range of novel nonlinear and quantum phenomena that are not expected in bulk solids or atoms. In this paper, we discuss our recent discoveries in two model photonic and electronic nanostructures to solve two outstanding questions: (1) how to create nonlinear broadband terahertz emitters using deeply subwavelength nanoscale meta-atom resonators? (2) How to access one-dimensional (1D) dark excitons and their non-equilibrium correlated states in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWMTs)? C1 [Wang, Jigang] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA USA. RP Wang, JG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jwang@ameslab.gov NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-750-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9584 AR 958410 DI 10.1117/12.2187130 PG 14 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BE0MH UT WOS:000366297100012 ER PT S AU Wang, X Zhou, J Li, JJ Correa, AA Ping, Y Ogitsu, T Chen, J Cao, JM AF Wang, Xuan Zhou, Jun Li, Junjie Correa, Alfredo A. Ping, Yuan Ogitsu, Tadashi Chen, Jie Cao, Jianming BE Liu, Z TI Ultrafast probe using femtosecond electron pulses: real-time probing plasma dynamics SO ULTRAFAST NONLINEAR IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultrafast Nonlinear Imaging and Spectroscopy III CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID WARM DENSE MATTER; SPACE-CHARGE; LASER-PULSES; THERMIONIC EMISSION; REGIME; METAL; GOLD AB In recent years, femtosecond electron pulses have emerged as a powerful tool to probe ultrafast dynamics in matter. They have been used in ultrafast diffraction and imaging to reveal the atomic-detail structural dynamics in real time, covering a wide range of applications in physics, materials science, chemistry and biology. In this study, we report direct and real-time measurements of the ejected-charge dynamics surrounding laser-produced warm dense matter using femtosecond electron pulses. Our study reveals a two-step dynamical process of ejected electrons: an initial emission and accumulation of electrons outside the pumped surface followed by the formation of escaping hemispherical clouds of electrons into the vacuum at an isotropic and nearly constant velocity. Based on these observations, we also developed a model of the escaping charge distribution that not only reproduces the main features of the observed charge expansion dynamics but also allows us to extract the number of ejected electrons remaining in the cloud. The perspective of the field is also reviewed. C1 [Wang, Xuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Jun; Li, Junjie; Cao, Jianming] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Zhou, Jun; Li, Junjie; Cao, Jianming] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Correa, Alfredo A.; Ping, Yuan; Ogitsu, Tadashi] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Chen, Jie] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Laser Plasmas, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Chen, Jie] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. RP Wang, X (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, POB 603, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RI Chen, Jie/A-4289-2008 OI Chen, Jie/0000-0001-5983-7479 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-750-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9584 AR 958406 DI 10.1117/12.2189253 PG 12 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BE0MH UT WOS:000366297100002 ER PT S AU Weatherill, DP Stefanov, KD Holland, AD Jordan, D Kotov, IV AF Weatherill, Daniel P. Stefanov, Konstantin D. Holland, Andrew D. Jordan, Douglas Kotov, Ivan V. BE MacEwen, HA Breckinridge, JB TI Models for dynamic correlated charge collection effects in thick CCDs SO UV/OPTICAL/IR SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTS: INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND CONCEPTS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV/Optical/IR Space Telescopes and Instruments - Innovative Technologies and Concepts VII CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE CCD; Deep Depletion; Brighter Fatter Effect; Charge Collection; Modelling; Poisson Equation AB Dynamic charge collection effects in thick CCDs have received interest in recent years, due to the performance implications for both ground and space based precision optical astronomy. The phenomena manifest as the "brighter - fatter" effect in Point Spread Function (PSF) measurements, and nonlinearity and signal dependence in spatial autocorrelation and photon transfer measurements. In this paper we present validation results from simple, analytically based predictive models for this effect, using an e2v CCD250. The model is intended to provide estimations for predicting device performance based on design parameters. C1 [Weatherill, Daniel P.; Stefanov, Konstantin D.; Holland, Andrew D.] Open Univ, Ctr Elect Imaging, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Jordan, Douglas] E2v Technol Ltd, Chelmsford CM1 2QU, Essex, England. [Kotov, Ivan V.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Weatherill, DP (reprint author), Open Univ, Ctr Elect Imaging, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. EM daniel.weatherill@open.ac.uk NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-768-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9602 AR 96020M DI 10.1117/12.2187974 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HC UT WOS:000366018200018 ER PT S AU Ertley, C Siegmund, OHW Schwarz, J Mane, AU Minot, MJ O'Mahony, A Craven, CA Popecki, M AF Ertley, C. Siegmund, O. H. W. Schwarz, J. Mane, A. U. Minot, M. J. O'Mahony, A. Craven, C. A. Popecki, M. BE Siegmund, OHW TI Characterization of borosilicate microchannel plates functionalized by atomic layer deposition SO UV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY SPACE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XIX CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Microchannel Plate; Imaging; Photon Counting; Atomic Layer Deposition ID DELAY-LINE DETECTORS; RESOLUTION AB Borosilicate microcapillary arrays have been functionalized by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) of resistive and secondary emissive layers to produce robust microchannel plates (MCPs) with improved performance characteristics over traditional MCPs. These techniques produce MCP's with enhanced stability and lifetime, low background rates, and low levels of adsorbed gas. Using ALD to functionalize the substrate decouples the two and provides the opportunity to explore many new materials. The borosilicate substrates have many advantages over traditional lead glass MCPs, including the ability to be fabricated in large areas (currently at 400 cm(2)). C1 [Ertley, C.; Siegmund, O. H. W.; Schwarz, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Expt Astrophys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mane, A. U.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Minot, M. J.; O'Mahony, A.; Craven, C. A.; Popecki, M.] Incom Inc, Charlton, MA 01507 USA. RP Ertley, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Expt Astrophys Grp, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM camden.ertley@ssl.berkeley.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-767-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9601 AR 96010S DI 10.1117/12.2191892 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HA UT WOS:000366016700020 ER PT S AU Kuznetsov, I Burian, T Juha, L Soufli, R Filevich, J Woolston, M Bernstein, ER Crick, DC Carlton, D Chao, W Anderson, EH Rocca, JJ Menoni, CS AF Kuznetsov, Ilya Burian, Tomas Juha, Libor Soufli, Regina Filevich, Jorge Woolston, M. Bernstein, Elliot R. Crick, Dean C. Carlton, D. Chao, W. Anderson, E. H. Rocca, Jorge J. Menoni, Carmen S. BE Klisnick, A Menoni, CS TI Soft X-Ray Laser Ablation Mass Spectrometry for Materials Study and Nanoscale Chemical Imaging SO X-RAY LASERS AND COHERENT X-RAY SOURCES: DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATIONS XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Lasers and Coherent X-Ray Sources - Development and Applications XI CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE mass spectrometry; laser ablation; compositional imaging; soft x-ray lasers; soft x-ray multilayer optics ID BEAM AB There are significant advantages for using a compact capillary discharge soft x-ray laser (SXRL) with wavelength of 46.9 nm for mass spectrometry applications. The 26.4 eV energy photons provide efficient single-photon ionization while preserving the structure of molecules and clusters. The tens of nanometers absorption depth of the radiation coupled with the focusing of the laser beam to diameter of similar to 100 nm result in the ablation of atto-liter scale craters which in turn enable high resolution mass spectral imaging of solid samples. In this paper we describe results on the analysis of composition depth-profiling of multilayer oxide stack and material studies in photoresists, ionic crystals, and magnesium corrosion products using SXRL ablation mass spectrometry, a method first demonstrated by our group. These materials are used in a variety of soft x-ray applications such as detectors, multilayer optics, and many more. C1 [Kuznetsov, Ilya; Filevich, Jorge; Woolston, M.; Bernstein, Elliot R.; Carlton, D.; Chao, W.; Anderson, E. H.; Rocca, Jorge J.; Menoni, Carmen S.] NSF Ctr Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kuznetsov, Ilya; Filevich, Jorge; Woolston, M.; Rocca, Jorge J.; Menoni, Carmen S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Burian, Tomas; Juha, Libor; Menoni, Carmen S.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague 18221, Czech Republic. [Soufli, Regina] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Bernstein, Elliot R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Crick, Dean C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Carlton, D.; Chao, W.; Anderson, E. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kuznetsov, I (reprint author), NSF Ctr Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kuznets@engr.colostate.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-755-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9589 AR 958905 DI 10.1117/12.2188645 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0MP UT WOS:000366306800005 ER PT S AU Nilsen, J AF Nilsen, Joseph BE Klisnick, A Menoni, CS TI Using the XFEL to drive the gain of inner-shell X-ray lasers using photoionization and photoexcitation processes SO X-RAY LASERS AND COHERENT X-RAY SOURCES: DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATIONS XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Lasers and Coherent X-Ray Sources - Development and Applications XI CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-FEL; inner-shell X-ray laser AB Four years ago an inner-shell X-ray laser was demonstrated at 849 eV in singly ionized neon gas using the LCLS X-FEL at 960 eV to photo-ionize the 1s electron in neutral neon followed by lasing on the 2p-1s transition in singly-ionized neon. It took many decades to demonstrate this scheme because it required a very strong X-ray source that could photoionize the 1s (K shell) electrons in neon on a time scale comparable to the intrinsic auger lifetime in the neon, which is typically 2 fsec. In this work we model the neon inner shell X-ray laser under similar conditions to those used at LCLS and investigate how we can improve the efficiency of the neon laser and reduce the drive requirements by tuning the X-FEL to the 1s-3p transition in neutral neon in order to create gain on the 2p-1s line in neutral neon. We also explore using the XFEL to drive gain on 3-2 transitions in singly-ionized Ar and Cu plasmas. C1 [Nilsen, Joseph] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nilsen, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-755-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9589 AR 95890X DI 10.1117/12.2187068 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0MP UT WOS:000366306800018 ER PT S AU Pardini, T Hill, R Decker, T Alameda, J Soufli, R Aquila, A Guillet, S Boutet, S Hau-Riege, SP AF Pardini, Tom Hill, Randy Decker, Todd Alameda, Jennifer Soufli, Regina Aquila, Andy Guillet, Serge Boutet, Sebastien Hau-Riege, Stefan P. BE Klisnick, A Menoni, CS TI The MEL-X project at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: a mirror-based delay line for x-rays SO X-RAY LASERS AND COHERENT X-RAY SOURCES: DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATIONS XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Lasers and Coherent X-Ray Sources - Development and Applications XI CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Pump-and-probe; split-and-delay line; x-ray free electron lasers ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER AB At the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in collaboration with the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) we are developing a mirror-based delay line for x-rays (MEL-X) to enable x-ray pump/x-ray probe experiments at Free Electron Lasers (XFELs). The goal of this project is the development and deployment of a proof-of-principle delay line featuring coated x-ray optics. The four-mirror design of the MEL-X is motivated by the need for ease of alignment and use. In order to simplify the overlap of the pump and the probe beam after each delay time change, a scheme involving super-polished rails and mirror-to-motor decoupling has been adopted. The MEL-X, used in combination with a bright pulsed source like LCLS, features a capability for a high intensity pump beam. Its Iridium coating allows it to work at hard x-ray energies all the way up to 9 keV, with a probe beam transmission of 35% up to 8keV, and 14% at 9keV. The delay time can be tailored to each particular experiment, with a nominal range of 70 - 350 fs for this prototype. The MEL-X, combined with established techniques such as x-ray diffraction, absorption or emission, could provide new insights on ultra-fast transitions in highly excited states of matter. C1 [Pardini, Tom; Hill, Randy; Decker, Todd; Alameda, Jennifer; Soufli, Regina; Hau-Riege, Stefan P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Aquila, Andy; Guillet, Serge; Boutet, Sebastien] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94566 USA. RP Pardini, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM pardini2@llnl.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-755-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9589 AR 95890T DI 10.1117/12.2186796 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0MP UT WOS:000366306800016 ER PT S AU Chen, S Deng, J Vine, DJ Nashed, YSG Jin, Q Peterka, T Jacobsen, C Vogt, S AF Chen, S. Deng, J. Vine, D. J. Nashed, Y. S. G. Jin, Q. Peterka, T. Jacobsen, C. Vogt, S. BE Lai, B TI Simultaneous X-ray Nano-Ptychographic and Fluorescence Microscopy at the Bionanoprobe SO X-RAY NANOIMAGING: INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Nanoimaging - Instruments and Methods II CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE hard X-ray fluorescence microscopy; ptychography; 3D ID BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; DIFFRACTION AB Hard X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microscopy offers unparalleled sensitivity for quantitative analysis of most of the trace elements in biological samples, such as Fe, Cu, and Zn. These trace elements play critical roles in many biological processes. With the advanced nano-focusing optics, nowadays hard X-rays can be focused down to 30 nm or below and can probe trace elements within subcellular compartments. However, XRF imaging does not usually reveal much information on ultrastructure, because the main constituents of biomaterials, i.e. H, C, N, and O, have no fluorescence lines (H) or low fluorescence yield (C, N and O) and little absorption contrast at multi-keV X-ray energies. An alternative technique for imaging ultrastructure is ptychography. One can record far-field diffraction patterns from a coherently illuminated sample, and then reconstruct the complex transmission function of the sample. In theory the spatial resolution of ptychography can reach the wavelength limit. In this manuscript, we will describe the implementation of ptychography at the Bionanoprobe (a recently developed hard XRF nanoprobe at the Advanced Photon Source) and demonstrate simultaneous ptychographic and XRF imaging of frozen-hydrated biological whole cells. This method allows locating trace elements within the subcellular structures of biological samples with high spatial resolution. Additionally, both ptychographic and XRF imaging are compatible with tomographic approach for 3D visualization. C1 [Chen, S.; Vine, D. J.; Jacobsen, C.; Vogt, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Deng, J.; Jacobsen, C.] Northwestern Univ, Appl Phys, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Nashed, Y. S. G.; Peterka, T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Jin, Q.; Jacobsen, C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Jacobsen, C.] Northwestern Univ, Chem Life Proc Inst, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Chen, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sichen@anp.anl.gov RI Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013; OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Jacobsen, Chris/0000-0001-8562-0353 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-758-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9592 AR UNSP 95920I DI 10.1117/12.2190672 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BE0MK UT WOS:000366301500011 ER PT S AU Deng, JJ Vine, DJ Chen, S Noshed, YSG Peterka, T Ross, R Vogt, S Jacobsen, C AF Deng, Junjing Vine, David J. Chen, Si Noshed, Youssef S. G. Peterka, Tom Ross, Rob Vogt, Stefan Jacobsen, Chris BE Lai, B TI Opportunities and limitations for combined fly-scan ptychography and fluorescence microscopy SO X-RAY NANOIMAGING: INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Nanoimaging - Instruments and Methods II CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Ptychography; fluorescence microscopy; fly scan; multiple probe modes; distortion correction; deconvolution ID X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; DIFFRACTION; RESOLUTION; RECONSTRUCTION AB X-ray fluorescence offers unparalleled sensitivity for imaging the nanoscale distribution of trace elements in micrometer thick samples, while x-ray ptychography offers an approach to image light element containing structures at a resolution beyond that of the x-ray lens used. These methods can be used in combination, and in continuous scan mode for rapid data acquisition when using multiple probe mode reconstruction methods. We discuss here the opportunities and limitations of making use of additional information provided by ptychography to improve x-ray fluorescence images in two ways: by using position-error-correction algorithms to correct for scan distortions in fluorescence scans, and by considering the signal-to-noise limits on previously-demonstrated ptychographic probe deconvolution methods. This highlights the advantages of using a combined approach. C1 [Deng, Junjing] Northwestern Univ, Appl Phys, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Vine, David J.; Chen, Si; Vogt, Stefan; Jacobsen, Chris] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Noshed, Youssef S. G.; Peterka, Tom; Ross, Rob] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Jacobsen, Chris] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Jacobsen, Chris] Northwestern Univ, Chem Life Proc Inst, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Deng, JJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Appl Phys, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM junjingdeng2011@u.northwestern.edu RI Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013; OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Jacobsen, Chris/0000-0001-8562-0353 NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-758-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9592 AR UNSP 95920U DI 10.1117/12.2190749 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BE0MK UT WOS:000366301500016 ER PT S AU Hong, YP Chen, S Jacobsen, C AF Hong, Young Pyo Chen, Si Jacobsen, Chris BE Lai, B TI A New Workflow for x-ray fluorescence tomography: MAPSToTomoPy SO X-RAY NANOIMAGING: INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Nanoimaging - Instruments and Methods II CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Tomography; Software; X-ray Imaging ID DIFFERENTIAL PHASE-CONTRAST; IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; CYCLOTELLA-MENEGHINIANA; MICROSCOPY; MICROPROBE; RESOLUTION AB X-ray fluorescence tomography involves the acquisition of a series of 2D x-ray fluorescence datasets between which a specimen is rotated. At the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory, the workflow at beamlines 2-ID-E and 21-ID-D (the Bionanoprobe, a cryogenic microscope system) has included the use of the program MAPS for obtaining elemental concentrations from 2D images, and the program TomoPy which was developed to include several tomographic reconstruction methods for x-ray transmission data. In the past, fluorescence projection images from an individual chemical element were hand-assembled into a 3D dataset for reconstruction using interactive tools such as ImageJ. We describe here the program MAPSToTomoPy, which provides a graphical user interface (GUI) to control a workflow between MAPS and TomoPy, with tools for visualizing the sinograms of projection image sequences from particular elements and to use these to help correct misalignments of the rotation axis. The program also provides an integrated output of the 3D distribution of the detected elements for subsequent 3D visualization packages. C1 [Hong, Young Pyo; Jacobsen, Chris] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Chen, Si; Jacobsen, Chris] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hong, YP (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM younghong2015@u.northwestern.edu OI Jacobsen, Chris/0000-0001-8562-0353 NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-758-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9592 AR UNSP 95920W DI 10.1117/12.2194162 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BE0MK UT WOS:000366301500017 ER PT S AU Hornberger, B Bale, H Merkle, A Feser, M Harris, W Etchin, S Leibowitz, M Qiu, W Tkachuk, A Gu, A Bradley, RS Lu, XK Withers, PJ Clarke, A Henderson, K Cordes, N Patterson, BM AF Hornberger, Benjamin Bale, Hrishikesh Merkle, Arno Feser, Michael Harris, William Etchin, Sergey Leibowitz, Marty Qiu, Wei Tkachuk, Andrei Gu, Allen Bradley, Robert S. Lu, Xuekun Withers, Philip J. Clarke, Amy Henderson, Kevin Cordes, Nikolaus Patterson, Brian M. BE Lai, B TI X-ray microscopy for in situ characterization of 3D nanostructural evolution in the laboratory SO X-RAY NANOIMAGING: INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Nanoimaging - Instruments and Methods II CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray Microscopy; micro-CT; nano-CT; in situ; mechanical testing; load stage ID MICROTOMOGRAPHY; NANOSCALE AB X-ray microscopy (XRM) has emerged as a powerful technique that reveals 3D images and quantitative information of interior structures. XRM executed both in the laboratory and at the synchrotron have demonstrated critical analysis and materials characterization on meso-, micro-, and nanoscales, with spatial resolution down to 50 nm in laboratory systems. The non-destructive nature of X-rays has made the technique widely appealing, with potential for "4D" characterization, delivering 3D micro- and nanostructural information on the same sample as a function of sequential processing or experimental conditions. Understanding volumetric and nanostructural changes, such as solid deformation, pore evolution, and crack propagation are fundamental to understanding how materials form, deform, and perform. We will present recent instrumentation developments in laboratory based XRM including a novel in situ nanomechanical testing stage. These developments bridge the gap between existing in situ stages for micro scale XRM, and SEM/TEM techniques that offer nanometer resolution but are limited to analysis of surfaces or extremely thin samples whose behavior is strongly influenced by surface effects. Several applications will be presented including 3D-characterization and in situ mechanical testing of polymers, metal alloys, composites and biomaterials. They span multiple length scales from the micro-to the nanoscale and different mechanical testing modes such as compression, indentation and tension. C1 [Hornberger, Benjamin; Bale, Hrishikesh; Merkle, Arno; Feser, Michael; Harris, William; Etchin, Sergey; Leibowitz, Marty; Qiu, Wei; Tkachuk, Andrei; Gu, Allen] Carl Zeiss Xray Microscopy Inc, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA. [Bradley, Robert S.; Lu, Xuekun; Withers, Philip J.] Univ Manchester, Sch Mat, Henry Moseley Xray Imaging Facil, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Clarke, Amy; Henderson, Kevin; Cordes, Nikolaus; Patterson, Brian M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hornberger, B (reprint author), Carl Zeiss Xray Microscopy Inc, 4385 Hopyard Rd Ste 100, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA. EM benjamin.hornberger@zeiss.com OI Cordes, Nikolaus/0000-0003-3367-5592; Patterson, Brian/0000-0001-9244-7376 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-758-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9592 AR UNSP 95920Q DI 10.1117/12.2188728 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BE0MK UT WOS:000366301500014 ER PT S AU Lee, WK Reininger, R Loo, W Gambella, R O'Hara, S Chu, YS Zhong, Z Wang, J AF Lee, Wah-Keat Reininger, Ruben Loo, William Gambella, Richard O'Hara, Steven Chu, Yong S. Zhong, Zhong Wang, Jun BE Lai, B TI FXI: a full-field imaging beamline at NSLS-II SO X-RAY NANOIMAGING: INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Nanoimaging - Instruments and Methods II CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Transmission x-ray microscope; x-ray imaging; beamline design AB The Full-field X-ray Imaging (FXI) beamline at the NSLS-II is designed for optimum performance of a transmission x-ray microscope (TXM). When complete, FXI will enable the TXM to obtain individual 2D projection images at 30 nm spatial resolution and up to 40 microns field of view (FOV) with exposure times of < 50 ms per image. A complete 3D nanotomography data set should take less than 1 minute. This will open opportunities for many real-time in-operando studies. C1 [Lee, Wah-Keat; Reininger, Ruben; Loo, William; Gambella, Richard; O'Hara, Steven; Chu, Yong S.; Zhong, Zhong; Wang, Jun] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lee, WK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-758-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9592 AR UNSP 959209 DI 10.1117/12.2189914 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BE0MK UT WOS:000366301500003 ER PT S AU Shastri, SD Kenesei, P Suter, RM AF Shastri, S. D. Kenesei, P. Suter, R. M. BE Lai, B TI Refractive lens based full-field x-ray imaging at 45-50 keV with sub-micron resolution SO X-RAY NANOIMAGING: INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Nanoimaging - Instruments and Methods II CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray imaging; full-field x-ray imaging; high-energy x-rays; refractive lenses; x-ray optics ID ENERGY; MICROSCOPY; OPTICS AB Combining sub-micron spatial resolution full-field-imaging with the penetration property of high-energy x-rays (> 50 keV) offers numerous applications, such as the ability to observe cracks and voids associated with the onset of failure in engineering materials, complementing x-ray diffraction microscopy probes. Progress in the development of adding such an imaging capability at the Advanced Photon Source high-energy x-ray undulator beamline 1-ID is reported. An initially tested, long baseline configuration had 18-21x x-ray image magnification with compound refractive lenses (as objective) placed 1.8 m after the specimen, and a two-dimensional detector located at a 32-37 m additional distance, in a different experimental station. Later, a more compact set-up of 3.5x magnification with a similar to 6 m sample-to-detector separation, fitting within a single end-station, was tested. Both set-ups demonstrated 500 nm level spatial resolutions at energies within the 45-50 keV range. Phase contrast artifacts are present, and are discussed in view of the goal of achieving tomography capability, at even higher resolution, in such an instrument with high x-ray energies. C1 [Shastri, S. D.; Kenesei, P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Suter, R. M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Shastri, SD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Suter, Robert/P-2541-2014 OI Suter, Robert/0000-0002-0651-0437 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-758-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9592 AR UNSP 95920X DI 10.1117/12.2195531 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BE0MK UT WOS:000366301500018 ER PT S AU Wise, AM Ohldag, H Chueh, W Turner, J Toney, MF Weker, JN AF Wise, Anna M. Ohldag, Hendrik Chueh, William Turner, Joshua Toney, Michael F. Weker, Johanna Nelson BE Lai, B TI Development of a soft X-ray ptychography beamline at SSRL and its application in the study of energy storage materials SO X-RAY NANOIMAGING: INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Nanoimaging - Instruments and Methods II CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE ptychography; in situ; imaging; NEXAFS; energy storage; battery ID IN-SITU; DIFFRACTION; MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION AB Ptychography is an emerging high resolution coherent imaging technique which can improve the resolution of current scanning transmission X-ray microscopy systems by over ten-fold. Development of this capability is underway at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, to establish sub-5 nm resolution ptychographic imaging with spatially resolved near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. This is being achieved via an upgrade of the current soft X-ray scanning transmission X-ray microscope at beamline 13-1, involving the installation of an area detector and an interferometer system for high precision sample motor control. The undulator source on beamline 13-1 provides the spatially and temporally coherent X-ray beam required for ptychographic imaging in the energy range 500 - 1200 eV. This energy range allows access to the oxygen chemistry and the valence states of 3d transition metals found in energy storage materials, making soft x-ray ptychography a particularly powerful tool to study the chemical states and structure of battery materials at relevant length scales. The implementation of ptychographic imaging can therefore provide a wealth of additional information on battery operation and failure. Here we describe the development of this ptychography capability, along with its application to the study of energy storage materials. C1 [Wise, Anna M.; Ohldag, Hendrik; Toney, Michael F.; Weker, Johanna Nelson] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, SSRL, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Chueh, William] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Chueh, William] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Inst Mat & Energy Sci, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Turner, Joshua] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, LCLS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wise, AM (reprint author), SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, SSRL, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Ohldag, Hendrik/F-1009-2014 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-758-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9592 AR UNSP 95920B DI 10.1117/12.2188811 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BE0MK UT WOS:000366301500005 ER PT S AU Wojcik, MJ Gleber, SC Shu, DM Roehrig, C Lai, B Vine, D Vogt, S AF Wojcik, Michael J. Gleber, Sophie-Charlotte Shu, Deming Roehrig, Christian Lai, Barry Vine, David Vogt, Stefan BE Lai, B TI Stacking multiple zone plates for efficient hard x-ray focusing at the Advanced Photon Source SO X-RAY NANOIMAGING: INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Nanoimaging - Instruments and Methods II CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Fresnel zone plate; zone plate stacking; optical systems; X-ray optics; nanofocusing; nanopositioning; hard X-ray focusing ID REGIME AB Zone plates are diffractive focusing optics capable of nanometer focusing but limited focusing efficiency at hard x-ray energy. A smaller focus spot is possible by reducing the outer zone width (OZW) while increasing the zone height will generally increase focusing efficiency. The combination of thick zones with small outer zone width, or high aspect ratio, for better performing zone plates is not feasible with state-of-the-art fabrication methods and requires other methods to achieve the aspect ratio desired. Near-field stacking involves two zone plates with the same dimensions and aligning them within the depth of focus in the beam direction and one third of the OZW in the transverse direction. Due to the depth of focus limitation, stacking more than 2 zone plates is extremely difficult, so a new method was proposed and developed to stack zone plates in the intermediate field. Multiple stacking apparatuses were assembled and tested. We will report on results from stacking 80-nm OZW zone plates from a near-field stacking experiment at 10 keV X-ray energy and intermediate field stacking 6 zone plates at 27 keV X-ray energy. We will also present findings on how to combine the stacking techniques. C1 [Wojcik, Michael J.; Gleber, Sophie-Charlotte; Shu, Deming; Roehrig, Christian; Lai, Barry; Vine, David; Vogt, Stefan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wojcik, MJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013 OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-758-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9592 AR UNSP 95920G DI 10.1117/12.2187684 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BE0MK UT WOS:000366301500009 ER PT S AU Hollingsworth, JA AF Hollingsworth, Jennifer A. BE Subramania, GS Foteinopoulou, S TI Redefining giant quantum dot functionality through synthesis and integration: from multifunctionality to directed photoluminescence SO ACTIVE PHOTONIC MATERIALS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active Photonic Materials VII CY AUG 09-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE C1 [Hollingsworth, Jennifer A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hollingsworth, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-712-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9546 AR 954614 DI 10.1117/12.2190241 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BE0CB UT WOS:000365749100024 ER PT S AU Klimov, VI AF Klimov, Victor I. BE Subramania, GS Foteinopoulou, S TI Auger-decay engineering in quantum dots in relation to applications in LEDs and lasers SO ACTIVE PHOTONIC MATERIALS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active Photonic Materials VII CY AUG 09-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE C1 [Klimov, Victor I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Klimov, VI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Klimov, Victor/0000-0003-1158-3179 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-712-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9546 AR 954612 DI 10.1117/12.2190074 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BE0CB UT WOS:000365749100022 ER PT S AU Wong, ZJ Feng, L Ma, RM Wang, Y Zhang, X AF Wong, Zi Jing Feng, Liang Ma, Ren-Min Wang, Yuan Zhang, Xiang BE Subramania, GS Foteinopoulou, S TI Single mode parity-time laser SO ACTIVE PHOTONIC MATERIALS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active Photonic Materials VII CY AUG 09-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Laser; parity-time; microcavity; metamaterials ID SYMMETRY AB The concept of parity-time (PT) symmetry exploits the interplay between the material loss and gain to attain novel optical phenomena such as exceptional point and unidirectional light propagation. Here we experimentally demonstrate a PT symmetry breaking laser that allows unique control of the resonant modes. In contrast to conventional ring cavity lasers with multiple competing modes, our on-chip InGaAsP/InP based PT microring laser exhibits intrinsic single-mode lasing regardless of the gain spectral bandwidth. Threshold less parity-time symmetry breaking due to the rotationally symmetric structure leads to stable single-mode operation at the specific whispering gallery mode order. C1 [Wong, Zi Jing; Feng, Liang; Ma, Ren-Min; Wang, Yuan; Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, Yuan; Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wong, ZJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM zijing@berkeley.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-712-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9546 AR 95460Z DI 10.1117/12.2188935 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BE0CB UT WOS:000365749100019 ER PT S AU Polisetti, S Baig, N Bible, A Morrell-Falvey, J Doktycz, M Bohn, PW AF Polisetti, Sneha Baig, Nameera Bible, Amber Morrell-Falvey, Jennifer Doktycz, Mitchel Bohn, Paul W. BE Mohseni, H Agahi, MH Razeghi, M TI Using Raman Spectroscopy and SERS for in-situ studies of rhizosphere bacteria SO BIOSENSING AND NANOMEDICINE VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biosensing and Nanomedicine VIII CY AUG 09-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Raman spectroscopy; bacteria; SERS; auxins; pyocyanin ID SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN; BIOFILMS AB Bacteria colonize plant roots to form a symbiotic relationship with the plant and can play in important role in promoting plant growth. Raman spectroscopy is a useful technique to study these bacterial systems and the chemical signals they utilize to interact with the plant. We present a Raman study of Pantoea YR343 that was isolated from the rhizosphere of Populus deltoides (Eastern Cottonwood). Pantoea sp. YR343 produce yellowish carotenoid pigment that play a role in protection against UV radiation, in the anti-oxidative pathways and in membrane fluidity. Raman spectroscopy is used to non-invasively characterize the membrane bound carotenoids. The spectra collected from a mutant strain created by knocking out the crtB gene that encodes a phytoene synthase responsible for early stage of carotenoid biosynthesis, lack the carotenoid peaks. Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy is being employed to detect the plant phytoharmone indoleacetic acid that is synthesized by the bacteria. This work describes our recent progress towards utilizing Raman spectroscopy as a label free, non-destructive method of studying plant-bacteria interactions in the rhizosphere. C1 [Polisetti, Sneha; Bohn, Paul W.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Baig, Nameera; Bohn, Paul W.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Bible, Amber; Morrell-Falvey, Jennifer; Doktycz, Mitchel] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, BioSci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Polisetti, S (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM spoliset@nd.edu RI Morrell-Falvey, Jennifer/A-6615-2011; Doktycz, Mitchel/A-7499-2011 OI Morrell-Falvey, Jennifer/0000-0002-9362-7528; Doktycz, Mitchel/0000-0003-4856-8343 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 13 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-716-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9550 AR 95500D DI 10.1117/12.2188647 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BE0FW UT WOS:000365971100007 ER PT S AU Burckel, DB Xiao, XY Polsky, R AF Burckel, D. Bruce Xiao, Xiaoyin Polsky, Ronen BE Razeghi, M Ghazinejad, M Bayram, C Yu, JS TI Lithographically Defined Three-Dimensional Graphene Scaffolds SO CARBON NANOTUBES, GRAPHENE, AND EMERGING 2D MATERIALS FOR ELECTRONIC AND PHOTONIC DEVICES VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and Emerging 2D Materials for Electronic and Photonic Devices VIII CY AUG 09-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE 3D carbon; lithography; pyrolysis ID POROUS CARBON ELECTRODES; NETWORKS; GROWTH; NICKEL; FILMS AB Interferometrically defined 3D photoresist scaffolds are formed through a series of three successive two-beam interference exposures, a post exposure bake and development. Heating the resist scaffold in a reducing atmosphere to >1000 degrees C, results in the conversion of the resist structure into a carbon scaffold through pyrolysis, resulting in a 3D sp(3)-bonded glassy carbon scaffold which maintains the same in-plane morphology as the resist despite significant shrinkage. The carbon scaffolds are readily modified using a variety of deposition methods such as electrochemical, sputtering and CVD/ALD. Remarkably, sputtering metal into scaffolds with similar to 5 unit cells tall results in conformal coating of the scaffold with the metal. When the metal is a transition metal such as nickel, the scaffold can be re-annealed, during which time the carbon diffuses through the nickel, emerging on the exterior of the nickel as sp(2)-bonded carbon, termed 3D graphene. This paper details the fabrication, characterization and some potential applications for these structures. C1 [Burckel, D. Bruce; Xiao, Xiaoyin; Polsky, Ronen] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Burckel, DB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-718-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9552 AR 955204 DI 10.1117/12.2191845 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BD9WM UT WOS:000365511100002 ER PT S AU Islam, AE Nikoleav, P Amama, PB Zakharov, D Sargent, G Saber, S Huffman, D Erford, M Semiatin, SL Stach, EA Maruyama, B AF Islam, A. E. Nikoleav, P. Amama, P. B. Zakharov, D. Sargent, G. Saber, S. Huffman, D. Erford, M. Semiatin, S. L. Stach, E. A. Maruyama, B. BE Razeghi, M Ghazinejad, M Bayram, C Yu, JS TI Engineering catalytic activity via ion beam bombardment of catalyst supports for vertically aligned carbon nanotube growth SO CARBON NANOTUBES, GRAPHENE, AND EMERGING 2D MATERIALS FOR ELECTRONIC AND PHOTONIC DEVICES VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and Emerging 2D Materials for Electronic and Photonic Devices VIII CY AUG 09-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Carbon nanotube; catalytic activity; catalyst support; ion beam bombardment ID ENERGY-STORAGE; CARPET GROWTH; ARRAYS; COMPOSITES; EVOLUTION; WATER; TERMINATION; MORPHOLOGY; SAPPHIRE; ELECTRONICS AB Carbon nanotube growth depends on the catalytic activity of metal nanoparticles on alumina or silica supports. The control on catalytic activity is generally achieved by variations in water concentration, carbon feed, and sample placement on a few types of alumina or silica catalyst supports obtained via thin film deposition. We have recently expanded the choice of catalyst supports by engineering inactive substrates like c-cut sapphire via ion beam bombardment. The deterministic control on the structure and chemistry of catalyst supports obtained by tuning the degree of beam-induced damage have enabled better regulation of the activity of Fe catalysts only in the ion beam bombarded areas and hence enabled controllable super growth of carbon nanotubes. A wide range of surface characterization techniques were used to monitor the catalytically active surface engineered via ion beam bombardment. The proposed method offers a versatile way to control carbon nanotube growth in patterned areas and also enhances the current understanding of the growth process. With the right choice of water concentration, carbon feed and sample placement, engineered catalyst supports may extend the carbon nanotube growth yield to a level that is even higher than the ones reported here, and thus offers promising applications of carbon nanotubes in electronics, heat exchanger, and energy storage. C1 [Islam, A. E.; Nikoleav, P.; Sargent, G.; Saber, S.; Huffman, D.; Semiatin, S. L.; Maruyama, B.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Islam, A. E.] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Nikoleav, P.; Sargent, G.; Saber, S.; Huffman, D.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Biol & Nanoscale Technol Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Amama, P. B.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Zakharov, D.; Stach, E. A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Huffman, D.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Erford, M.] Southwestern Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45403 USA. RP Islam, AE (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM aeislam@ieee.org; benji.maruyama@us.af.mil RI Zakharov, Dmitri/F-4493-2014; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-718-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9552 AR 955206 DI 10.1117/12.2187052 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BD9WM UT WOS:000365511100004 ER PT B AU Fenn, ME Driscoll, CT Zhou, QT Rao, LE Meixner, T Allen, EB Yuan, FM Sullivan, TJ AF Fenn, Mark E. Driscoll, Charles T. Zhou, Qingtao Rao, Leela E. Meixner, Thomas Allen, Edith B. Yuan, Fengming Sullivan, Timothy J. BE DeVries, W Hettelingh, JP Posch, M TI Use of Combined Biogeochemical Model Approaches and Empirical Data to Assess Critical Loads of Nitrogen SO CRITICAL LOADS AND DYNAMIC RISK ASSESSMENTS: NITROGEN, ACIDITY AND METALS IN TERRESTRIAL AND AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS SE Environmental Pollution Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; ADIRONDACK REGION; NEW-YORK; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; PNET-BGC; LAKES; ECOSYSTEMS C1 [Fenn, Mark E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Driscoll, Charles T.; Zhou, Qingtao] Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Rao, Leela E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Rao, Leela E.; Allen, Edith B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Meixner, Thomas] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Allen, Edith B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Yuan, Fengming] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sullivan, Timothy J.] E&S Environm Chem, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Fenn, ME (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM mfenn@fs.fed.us NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-017-9508-1; 978-94-017-9507-4 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT SER JI Environ. Pollut. Ser. PY 2015 VL 25 BP 269 EP 295 DI 10.1007/978-94-017-9508-1_10 D2 10.1007/978-94-017-9508-1 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BE0AL UT WOS:000365670800011 ER PT J AU Xu, F Wang, H Teat, SJ Liu, W Xia, QB Li, Z Li, J AF Xu, Feng Wang, Hao Teat, Simon J. Liu, Wei Xia, Qibin Li, Zhong Li, Jing TI Synthesis, structure and enhanced photoluminescence properties of two robust, water stable calcium and magnesium coordination networks SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; COMMENSURATE ADSORPTION; SEPARATION; MOFS; LUMINESCENCE; HYDROCARBONS; EFFICIENCY; CRYSTAL; STORAGE AB Two new 3D coordination networks Ca(cca)center dot H2O (1) and Mg(cca)center dot 2H(2)O (2) (H(2)cca = 4-carboxycinnamic acid) are synthesized by solvothermal reactions and characterized by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, optical diffuse reflection, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and internal quantum yield measurements. Crystal structure analysis reveals that compound 1 is built from edge-sharing chains of seven-coordinated calcium polyhedra, which are connected by the cca ligand to form a 2D layered structure. Compound 2 contains isolated magnesium polyhedra layers. These layers are linked by cca ligands to complete the 3D connectivity. Both compounds 1 and 2 have high thermal stability and remain intact in aqueous solutions of a broad range of pH values ranging from 3 to 11. Both compounds also show significantly enhanced luminescence with respect to the free ligand, giving rise to an increase in quantum yield by as much as 4-fold. C1 [Xu, Feng; Wang, Hao; Liu, Wei; Xia, Qibin; Li, Jing] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Xu, Feng; Xia, Qibin; Li, Zhong] S China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Teat, Simon J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM Jingli@rutgers.edu FU China Scholarship Council (CSC) [201306150075]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER46491]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX F.X. thanks the China Scholarship Council (CSC, 201306150075) for a fellowship to support his 2-year stay at Rutgers University, USA. We would like to acknowledge the financial support from the U.S. Department of Energy via Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46491. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 11 U2 34 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 EI 1477-9234 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2015 VL 44 IS 47 BP 20459 EP 20463 DI 10.1039/c5dt03705k PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA CX0UD UT WOS:000365411500024 PM 26541284 ER PT J AU McLendon, T Soong, Y Hedges, S Jikich, S McLendon, W AF McLendon, Thomas Soong, Yee Hedges, Sheila Jikich, Sinisha McLendon, William TI Overview of technical advances that encourage domestic US tar sand development SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OIL GAS AND COAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tar sand; oil sand; heavy oil; thermal EOR; surfactant; electromagnetic radiation; EMR; Asphalt Ridge; UT AB US domestic tar sand estimated resource exceeds 60 billion barrels (bbl). Production of this resource has been insignificant. Traditional petroleum production methods cannot be applied. Tar sand is highly viscous because over geologic time it was exposed to fluid pathways whereby the light ends could evaporate. The most easily accessible reservoirs are still available. The recent advances in oil/gas production technologies that have made other non-traditional resources capable of development have yet to be applied to tar sand development. Successful tar sand development would also displace some of the considerable imports of asphalt. There are two approaches to US domestic tar sand extraction: mining and subsequent surface processing, and in situ methods. Surface extraction falls into two categories: water or solvent extraction and pyrolytic techniques. In situ extraction attempts have focused on thermal methods [steam flood, electromagnetic radiation (EMR), etc.]. The desired end product determines the extraction method. C1 [McLendon, Thomas; Soong, Yee; Hedges, Sheila] US DOE, NETL, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Jikich, Sinisha] US DOE, NETL, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [McLendon, William] Amer Power Grp, Dawson, PA 15428 USA. RP McLendon, T (reprint author), US DOE, NETL, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM tmclen@netl.doe.gov; Yee.soong@netl.doe.gov; Sheila.hedges@netl.doe.gov; Sinisha.jikich@netl.doe.gov; w.j.mclendon@gmail.com FU Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, an agency of the US Government; URS Energy & Construction, Inc. FX This project was funded in part by the Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, an agency of the US Government, through a support contract with URS Energy & Construction, Inc. Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor URS Energy & Construction, Inc., nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favouring by the US Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 17 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 856, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1753-3309 EI 1753-3317 J9 INT J OIL GAS COAL T JI Int. J. Oil Gas Coal Technol. PY 2015 VL 10 IS 3 BP 233 EP 249 DI 10.1504/IJOGCT.2015.071505 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CX9TI UT WOS:000366048100001 ER PT S AU Hoffman, DC AF Hoffman, Darleane Christian BE Cheng, HN Wu, ML Miller, BD TI A Retrospective View of My 70 Years in Chemistry SO JOBS, COLLABORATIONS, AND WOMEN LEADERS IN THE GLOBAL CHEMISTRY ENTERPRISE SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Innovations from International Collaborations / Symposium on Women Leaders of the Global Clhemistry Enterprise CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc AB In this article, some of the people and events that helped shape my long career in chemistry are recalled. The status of women has changed dramatically over these years as have chemistry and my specialties of radiochemistry and nuclear chemistry. When I entered Iowa State College in 1944 as an Applied Art major, freshman chemistry was a required subject. It was my first course in chemistry and was taught by a woman chemistry professor. She emphasized chemistry as a basic science with opportunities in both fundamental and applied research and told of Marie Curie's discovery of radium as well as practical applications in everyday life. Because of her inspiring lectures, I soon decided to change my major to chemistry! Subsequent undergraduate research in nuclear chemistry exposed me to the thrill of discovering new isotopes. 1 earned my B.S. (1944), Ph.D. (1951) in Chemistry (nuclear) and married fellow graduate student Marvin Hoffman (1951). I quickly learned that "you can't do it all by yourself"! I had outstanding help at home and a husband who understood that I must continue my career even after we had two children. The opportunity to travel, attend international conferences, pursue sabbaticals abroad, accept lectureships in many different countries ranging from North and South America, to China, Japan and Europe helped broaden my horizons and understand the potential 'uniting power' of science in the solution of world problems. C1 [Hoffman, Darleane Christian] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hoffman, Darleane Christian] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hoffman, DC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM darlhoffman@gmail.com NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-3067-5; 978-0-8412-3068-2 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2015 VL 1195 BP 185 EP 194 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Women's Studies SC Chemistry; Women's Studies GA BD9TG UT WOS:000365246700018 ER PT J AU Han, LL Kulinich, SA Zhang, YY Zou, J Liu, H Wang, WH Liu, H Li, HB Yang, J Xin, HLL Qiao, SZ Du, XW AF Han, Li-Li Kulinich, Sergei A. Zhang, Yang-Yang Zou, Jin Liu, Hui Wang, Wei-Hua Liu, Hui Li, Hao-Bo Yang, Jing Xin, Huolin L. Qiao, Shi-Zhang Du, Xi-Wen TI Synergistic synthesis of quasi-monocrystal CdS nanoboxes with high-energy facets SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCATALYTIC HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; ANATASE TIO2 NANOSHEETS; EXPOSED 001 FACETS; CATION-EXCHANGE; SOLVOTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; FACILE SYNTHESIS; NANOSTRUCTURES; TRANSFORMATION; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS AB Hollow nanostructures with a highly oriented lattice structure and active facets are promising for catalytic applications, while their preparation via traditional approaches contains multiple steps and is time and energy consuming. Here, we demonstrate a new one-step strategy involving two complementary reactions which promote each other; it is capable of producing unique hollow nanoparticles. Specifically, we apply synergic cooperation of cation exchange and chemical etching to attack PbS nanosized cubes (NCs) and produce CdS quasi-monocrystal nanoboxes (QMNBs) which possess the smallest dimensions reported so far, a metastable zinc-blende phase, a large specific surface area, and particularly high-energy {100} facets directly visualized by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. These properties in combination allow the nanoboxes to acquire exceptional photocatalytic activities. As an extension of the approach, we use the same strategy to prepare Co9S8 and Cu7.2S4 single-crystal hollow nanooctahedrons (SCHNOs) successfully. Hence, the synergic reaction synthesis strategy exhibits great potential in engineering unique nanostructures with superior properties. C1 [Han, Li-Li; Zhang, Yang-Yang; Yang, Jing; Qiao, Shi-Zhang; Du, Xi-Wen] Tianjin Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China. [Kulinich, Sergei A.] Tokai Univ, Inst Innovat Sci & Technol, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 2591292, Japan. [Kulinich, Sergei A.] Aston Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Birmingham B4 7ET, W Midlands, England. [Han, Li-Li; Xin, Huolin L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Zou, Jin] Univ Queensland, Mat Engn, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Zou, Jin] Univ Queensland, Ctr Microscopy & Microanal, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Liu, Hui] Hebei Univ Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Tianjin 300130, Peoples R China. [Wang, Wei-Hua; Liu, Hui; Li, Hao-Bo] Nankai Univ, Dept Elect, Coll Elect Informat & Opt Engn, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. [Qiao, Shi-Zhang] Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem Engn, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RP Du, XW (reprint author), Tianjin Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China. EM xwdu@tju.edu.cn RI Zou, Jin/B-3183-2009; Xin, Huolin/E-2747-2010; Du, Xi-Wen/A-7347-2011; Kulinich, Sergei/B-1887-2008; Qiao, Shizhang /A-6057-2010 OI Zou, Jin/0000-0001-9435-8043; Xin, Huolin/0000-0002-6521-868X; Kulinich, Sergei/0000-0002-1365-9221; Qiao, Shizhang /0000-0002-4568-8422 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2014CB931703]; Natural Science Foundation of China [51171127, 51102176, 51271129]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB931703) and the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51171127, 51102176, and 51271129). Research carried out in part at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 33 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2015 VL 3 IS 46 BP 23106 EP 23112 DI 10.1039/c5ta05472a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA CW7YS UT WOS:000365216000004 ER PT J AU Yue, JL Zhou, YN Yu, XQ Bak, SM Yang, XQ Fu, ZW AF Yue, Ji-Li Zhou, Yong-Ning Yu, Xiqian Bak, Seong-Min Yang, Xiao-Qing Fu, Zheng-Wen TI O3-type layered transition metal oxide Na(NiCoFeTi)(1/4)O-2 as a high rate and long cycle life cathode material for sodium ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID RECHARGEABLE NA BATTERIES; POSITIVE ELECTRODE; PERFORMANCE; ENERGY AB High rate capability and long cycle life are challenging goals for the development of room temperature sodium-ion batteries. Here we report a new single phase quaternary O3-type layer-structured transition metal oxide Na(NiCoFeTi)(1/4)O-2 synthesized by a simple solid-state reaction as a new cathode material for sodium-ion batteries. It can deliver a reversible capacity of 90.6 mA h g(-1) at a rate as high as 20C. At 5C, 75.0% of the initial specific capacity can be retained after 400 cycles with a capacity-decay rate of 0.07% per cycle, demonstrating a superior long-term cyclability at high current density. X-ray diffraction and absorption characterization revealed reversible phase transformations and electronic structural changes during the Na+ deintercalation/intercalation process. Ni, Co and Fe ions contribute to charge compensation during charge and discharge. Although Ti ions do not contribute to the charge transfer, they play a very important role in stabilizing the structure during charge and discharge by suppressing the Fe migration. In addition, Ti substitution can also smooth the charge-discharge plateaus effectively, which provides a potential advantage for the commercialization of this material for room temperature sodium-ion batteries. C1 [Yue, Ji-Li; Fu, Zheng-Wen] Fudan Univ, Dept Chem, Shanghai Key Lab Mol Catalysts & Innovat Mat, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Yue, Ji-Li; Fu, Zheng-Wen] Fudan Univ, Laser Chem Inst, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Yong-Ning] Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Yong-Ning; Yu, Xiqian; Bak, Seong-Min; Yang, Xiao-Qing] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fu, ZW (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Chem, Shanghai Key Lab Mol Catalysts & Innovat Mat, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM ynzhou@fudan.edu.cn; xyang@bnl.gov; zwfu@fudan.edu.cn RI Fu, Zheng-wen/I-5880-2016; Yu, Xiqian/B-5574-2014; Bak, Seong Min/J-4597-2013; OI Yu, Xiqian/0000-0001-8513-518X; Bak, Seong-Min/0000-0002-1626-5949 FU NSAF [U1430104]; 973 Program of China [2011CB933300]; Science & Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality [08DZ2270500, 11JC 1400500]; National Foundation of China [B1120132029]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies [DE-SC0012704]; DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-76SF00515] FX This work was financially supported by the NSAF (Grant No. U1430104), 973 Program (no. 2011CB933300) of China, and Science & Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (08DZ2270500 and 11JC 1400500) and National Foundation of China (no. B1120132029). The work at Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies under Contract No. DE-SC0012704. We gratefully acknowledge the help by beamline scientists Sungsik Lee and Benjamin Reinhart at 12BM of Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) 12 Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank technical support from the beam-line scientists from BL2-2 of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 12 U2 50 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2015 VL 3 IS 46 BP 23261 EP 23267 DI 10.1039/c5ta05769h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA CW7YS UT WOS:000365216000022 ER PT J AU Demir, H Greathouse, JA Staiger, CL Perry, JJ Allendorf, MD Sholl, DS AF Demir, Hakan Greathouse, Jeffery A. Staiger, Chad L. Perry, John J. Allendorf, Mark D. Sholl, David S. TI DFT-based force field development for noble gas adsorption in metal organic frameworks SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CAMBRIDGE STRUCTURAL DATABASE; WAALS DENSITY FUNCTIONALS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; MOLECULAR SIMULATIONS; NONPERIODIC MATERIALS; NANOPOROUS MATERIALS; METHANE STORAGE; CO2 ADSORPTION; SEPARATION AB Density Functional Theory (DFT) based force fields (FFs) for Ar and Xe adsorption in six metalorganic frameworks were developed using three DFT functionals (PBE-D2, vdW-DF, vdW-DF2) in periodic systems. These force fields include van der Waals (vdW) and polarization terms, and the effect of the latter was shown to be small. Using our DFT-derived and standard (UFF) FFs in grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations, adsorption isotherms and heats of adsorption were calculated and compared with experiment. In most of the cases, it was possible to accurately predict adsorption isotherms using one of the DFT-derived FFs. Still, among the DFT functionals investigated, no single DFT functional could accurately describe all of the adsorbate-framework interactions. On average, performance of UFF and PBE-D2 based FFs to predict experimental isotherms were at a similar quality, still, UFF was slightly superior. Although vdW-DF2 based FFs predicted experimental isotherms almost perfectly for ZIF-8 and HKUST-1 up to 20 bar, their average performance was less than that of PBE-D2 based FFs. Nevertheless, the overall performance of UFF, PBE-D2 and vDW-DF2 FFs was similar. Lastly, vdW-DF based FFs always over-predicted experiments. C1 [Demir, Hakan; Sholl, David S.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Greathouse, Jeffery A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Staiger, Chad L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Devices & Energy Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Perry, John J.; Allendorf, Mark D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Nanomat Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sholl, DS (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, 311 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM david.sholl@chbe.gatech.edu OI Perry IV, John J./0000-0001-9393-5451 FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 29 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2015 VL 3 IS 46 BP 23539 EP 23548 DI 10.1039/c5ta06201b PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA CW7YS UT WOS:000365216000055 ER PT S AU Erickson, KJ Leonard, F Stavila, VN Foster, ME Spataru, CD Jones, R Foley, B Hopkins, P Allendorf, MD Talin, AA AF Erickson, Kristopher J. Leonard, Francois Stavila, Vitalie N. Foster, Michael E. Spataru, Catalin D. Jones, Reese Foley, Brian Hopkins, Patrick Allendorf, Mark D. Talin, A. Alec BE Kobayashi, NP Talin, AA Islam, MS Davydov, AV TI Thin film thermoelectric metal-organic framework with high Seebeck coefficient and low thermal conductivity SO LOW-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Low-Dimensional Materials and Devices CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE C1 [Erickson, Kristopher J.; Leonard, Francois; Stavila, Vitalie N.; Foster, Michael E.; Spataru, Catalin D.; Jones, Reese; Allendorf, Mark D.; Talin, A. Alec] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Foley, Brian; Hopkins, Patrick] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Erickson, KJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-719-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9553 AR 955315 DI 10.1117/12.2190360 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD9WX UT WOS:000365514800024 ER PT S AU Leonard, F AF Leonard, Francois BE Kobayashi, NP Talin, AA Islam, MS Davydov, AV TI Optoelectronics in two-dimensional semiconductor alloys SO LOW-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Low-Dimensional Materials and Devices CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE C1 [Leonard, Francois] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Leonard, F (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-719-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9553 AR 955310 DI 10.1117/12.2190303 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD9WX UT WOS:000365514800021 ER PT S AU Skinner, JL Andriolo, JM Beisel, JD Ross, BM Purkett, LM Murphy, JP Kyeremateng, J Franson, MJ Kooistra-Manning, EA Hill, BE Loyola, BR AF Skinner, Jack L. Andriolo, Jessica M. Beisel, Josh D. Ross, Brandon M. Purkett, Lance M. Murphy, John P. Kyeremateng, Jerry Franson, Marvin J. Kooistra-Manning, Emily A. Hill, Bryce E. Loyola, Bryan R. BE Kobayashi, NP Talin, AA Islam, MS Davydov, AV TI Using Electric Field Manipulation to Fabricate Nanoscale Fibers on Large Areas: A Path to Electronic and Photonic Devices SO LOW-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Low-Dimensional Materials and Devices CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Electrospinning; electrostatics; fast Fourier; poly (vinyl) alcohol; polycaprolactone; graphene; field-control ID FAST FOURIER-TRANSFORM; ELECTROSPINNING PROCESS; BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; POLYMER NANOFIBERS; SCAFFOLDS; ALIGNMENT; JETS; NANOCOMPOSITES; ORIENTATION; PREFILTERS AB Traditional fabrication methods for the integrated circuit (IC) and the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) industries have been developed primarily for two-dimensional fabrication on planar surfaces. More recently, commercial electronics are expeditiously emerging with non-planar displays and rapid prototype machines can be purchased for the price of a modern laptop. While electrospinning (ES) has been in existence for over 100 years, this fabrication method has not been adequately developed for commercial fabrication of electronics or the rapid prototyping industries. ES provides many benefits as a fabrication method including tunability of fiber size and affordable hardware. To realize the full potential of ES as a commonplace fabrication method for modern devices, precise control, real-time fiber morphology monitoring, and the creation of a comprehensive databank of accurate models for prediction is essential. The aim of this research is to accomplish these goals through several avenues. To improve fiber deposition control, both passive and active methods are employed to modify electric field lines during the ES process. COMSOL models have been developed to meticulously mimic experimental results for predictive planning, and an in situ laser diagnostic tool was developed to measure real-time fiber morphology during electrospinning. Further, post-processing data was generated through the use of two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2D-FFT) to monitor alignment, and four-point conductivity measurements were taken via four independently-positioned micromanipulator probes. This article describes the devices developed to date, the a priori modeling approach taken, and resultant capabilities which complement ES as an attractive fabrication method for the electronic and photonic industry. C1 [Skinner, Jack L.; Ross, Brandon M.; Purkett, Lance M.; Kyeremateng, Jerry; Kooistra-Manning, Emily A.] Montana Tech Univ, Dept Gen Engn, Butte, MT 59701 USA. [Andriolo, Jessica M.] Univ Montana, Bioengn, IIP PhD Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Beisel, Josh D.; Franson, Marvin J.; Hill, Bryce E.] Montana Tech Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Butte, MT 59701 USA. [Murphy, John P.] Montana Tech Univ, Montana Mat Sci PhD Program, Butte, MT 59701 USA. [Kooistra-Manning, Emily A.] Montana Tech Univ, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Butte, MT 59701 USA. [Loyola, Bryan R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Skinner, JL (reprint author), Montana Tech Univ, Dept Gen Engn, Butte, MT 59701 USA. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-719-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9553 AR 955302 DI 10.1117/12.2192146 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD9WX UT WOS:000365514800001 ER PT S AU Peer, A Dhakal, R Biswas, R Kim, J AF Peer, Akshit Dhakal, Rabin Biswas, Rana Kim, Jaeyoun BE Campo, EM Dobisz, EA Eldada, LA TI Nanoscale patterning of poly (L-lactic acid) films with nanoimprinting methods SO NANOENGINEERING: FABRICATION, PROPERTIES, OPTICS, AND DEVICES XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoengineering - Fabrication, Properties, Optics, and Devices XII CY AUG 11-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE soft lithography; biodegradable polymer; nanofabrication; poly (L-lactic acid) ID SCHWANN-CELL GROWTH; SOFT LITHOGRAPHY; SURFACES; PROLIFERATION; DEFORMATION; FABRICATION; SCAFFOLDS; ADHESION AB Biological applications can benefit from nanoscale texturing of materials for biomedical functions. Texturing of biomaterials can increase the available surface area so that they can be coated with larger doses of therapeutic agents. We demonstrate nano-texturing of poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) - a prototypical material commonly used for drug-eluting coronary stents and as a template for cell growth. A master pattern consisting of a periodic array was transferred to a PDMS mold. Drop-casting PLLA achieves the best transfer of patterns, with nanoarrays of holes with pitch similar to 700 nm. Nanoimprinting the PLLA films results in shallower and less resolved features. C1 [Peer, Akshit; Biswas, Rana; Kim, Jaeyoun] Iowa State Univ, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Peer, Akshit; Dhakal, Rabin; Biswas, Rana; Kim, Jaeyoun] Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Biswas, Rana] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Peer, Akshit; Biswas, Rana] Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Peer, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM biswasr@iastate.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-722-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9556 AR UNSP 95560X DI 10.1117/12.2188888 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BD9WH UT WOS:000365508500022 ER PT S AU Pelton, MA She, CX Fedin, I Dolzhnikov, D Ithurria, S Baghani, E O'Leary, SK Demortiere, A Schaller, RD Talapin, DV AF Pelton, Matthew A. She, Chunxing Fedin, Igor Dolzhnikov, Dmitriy Ithurria, Sandrine Baghani, Erfan O'Leary, Stephen K. Demortiere, Arnaud Schaller, Richard D. Talapin, Dmitri V. BE Cabrini, S Lerondel, G Schwartzberg, AM Mokari, T TI Semiconductor nanoplatelets: a new colloidal system for lowthreshold high-gain stimulated emission SO NANOPHOTONIC MATERIALS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonic Materials XII CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB Quantum wells (QWs) are thin semiconductor layers than confine electrons and holes in one dimension. They are widely used for optoelectronic devices, particularly semiconductor lasers, but have so far been produced using expensive epitaxial crystal-growth techniques. This has motivated research into the use of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, which can be synthesized chemically at low cost, and can be processed in the solution phase. However, initial demonstrations of optical gain from colloidal nanocrystals involved high thresholds. Recently, colloidal synthesis methods have been developed for the production of thin, atomically flat semiconductor nanocrystals, known as nanoplatelets (NPLs). We investigated relaxation of high-energy carriers in colloidal CdSe NPLs, and found that the relaxation is characteristic of a QW system. Carrier cooling and relaxation on time scales from picoseconds to hundreds of picoseconds are dominated by Auger-type exciton-exciton interactions. The picosecond-scale cooling of hot carriers is much faster than the exciton recombination rate, as required for use of these NPLs as optical gain and lasing materials. We therefore investigated amplified spontaneous emission using close-packed films of NPLs. We observed thresholds that were more than 4 times lower than the best reported value for colloidal nanocrystals. Moreover, gain in these films is 4 times higher than gain reported for other colloidal nanocrystals, and saturates at pump fluences more than two orders of magnitude above the ASE threshold. We attribute this exceptional performance to large optical cross-sections, relatively slow Auger recombination rates, and narrow ensemble emission linewidths. C1 [Pelton, Matthew A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [She, Chunxing; Fedin, Igor; Dolzhnikov, Dmitriy; Ithurria, Sandrine; Talapin, Dmitri V.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Baghani, Erfan; O'Leary, Stephen K.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Demortiere, Arnaud] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Schaller, Richard D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pelton, MA (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-711-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9545 AR 954503 DI 10.1117/12.2186667 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BE0CD UT WOS:000365753300002 ER PT S AU Schultz, AM Brown, TD Ohodnicki, PR AF Schultz, Andrew M. Brown, Thomas D. Ohodnicki, Paul R., Jr. BE Cabrini, S Lerondel, G Schwartzberg, AM Mokari, T TI Correlated electron perovskite films for optical sensing applications SO NANOPHOTONIC MATERIALS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonic Materials XII CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE optical sensing; perovskites; correlated electrons; hydrogen sensor; high temperature ID SENSITIVITY AB Advanced power generation technologies including solid oxide fuel cells require advancements in sensor technologies for efficient operation. Gas sensors for SOFC anode streams must be stable in high temperature and under reducing atmospheres. Optical sensing technologies offer the potential for good stability and sensing response under harsh conditions but are relatively new as compared to alternative sensing approaches and require significant developments in underlying device and enabling materials technology. In this paper, the near infrared optical sensing response of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3, a representative correlated perovskite material, is presented. Hydrogen sensing performance was measured in laboratory scale sensing experiments in the range of 1-4% hydrogen. The effect of oxygen on sensor recovery behavior was also examined. The films show a large, recoverable response to the introduction of hydrogen to the gas stream. The results presented here suggest this unique class of materials is a strong candidate for future sensor development efforts targeted at optical sensor applications but also requires additional fundamental research to understand the mechanistic origin of observed optical sensing responses. C1 [Schultz, Andrew M.; Brown, Thomas D.; Ohodnicki, Paul R., Jr.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Schultz, AM (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM paul.ohodnicki@netl.doe.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-711-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9545 AR 95450I DI 10.1117/12.2188924 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BE0CD UT WOS:000365753300012 ER PT J AU Papandrew, AB Li, Q Okatan, MB Jesse, S Hartnett, C Kalinin, SV Vasudevan, RK AF Papandrew, A. B. Li, Q. Okatan, M. B. Jesse, S. Hartnett, C. Kalinin, S. V. Vasudevan, R. K. TI Electrocatalysis-induced elasticity modulation in a superionic proton conductor probed by band-excitation atomic force microscopy SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID FUEL-CELL ELECTROLYTES; SOLID ACIDS; BATTERIES; OXIDATION; CRYSTALS; SURFACES; CSH2PO4; LITHIUM; CSHSO4; PHASE AB Variable temperature band-excitation atomic force microscopy in conjunction with I-V spectroscopy was used to investigate the crystalline superionic proton conductor CsHSO4 during proton exchange induced by a Pt-coated conductive scanning probe. At a sample temperature of 150 degrees C and under an applied bias <1 V, reduction currents of up to 1 nA were observed. Simultaneously, we show that the electrochemical reactions are accompanied by a reversible decrease in the elastic modulus of CsHSO4, as seen by a contact resonance shift, and find evidence for superplasticity during scanning. These effects were not observed in the room-temperature phase of CsHSO4 or in the case of catalytically inactive conductive probes, proving the utility of this technique for monitoring electrochemical processes on the nanoscale, as well as the use of local contact stiffness as a sensitive indicator of electrochemical reactions. C1 [Papandrew, A. B.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biomol & Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Li, Q.; Okatan, M. B.; Jesse, S.; Kalinin, S. V.; Vasudevan, R. K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Li, Q.; Okatan, M. B.; Jesse, S.; Kalinin, S. V.; Vasudevan, R. K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Inst Funct Imaging Mat, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hartnett, C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Papandrew, AB (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Biomol & Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM apapandrew@utk.edu; rvv@ornl.gov RI Vasudevan, Rama/Q-2530-2015; Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Jesse, Stephen/D-3975-2016; Okatan, M. Baris/E-1913-2016 OI Vasudevan, Rama/0000-0003-4692-8579; Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Jesse, Stephen/0000-0002-1168-8483; Okatan, M. Baris/0000-0002-9421-7846 FU Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, BES, DOE; Office of Naval Research [N000141210887] FX This research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility (SVK, MBO, SJ). This research was sponsored by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, BES, DOE (RKV) and by the Office of Naval Research (ABP, Award N000141210887). ABP thanks David Wilson and Robert Atkinson for assistance with sample preparation, and Philip Rack for facilities used in sample preparation. RKV acknowledges fruitful discussions with N. Balke (ORNL). NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2015 VL 7 IS 47 BP 20089 EP 20094 DI 10.1039/c5nr04809e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CX2MJ UT WOS:000365530700028 PM 26568116 ER PT S AU Ahn, S Nardes, AM Rourke, D van de Lagemaat, J Kopidakis, N Park, W AF Ahn, Sungmo Nardes, Alexandre M. Rourke, Devin van de Lagemaat, Jao Kopidakis, Nikos Park, Wounjhang BE Sulima, OV Conibeer, G TI Surface plasmon enhanced infrared absorption in P3HT-based organic solar cells: the effect of infrared sensitizer SO NEXT GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Next Generation Technologies for Solar Energy Conversion VI CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE C1 [Ahn, Sungmo; Rourke, Devin; Park, Wounjhang] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nardes, Alexandre M.; van de Lagemaat, Jao; Kopidakis, Nikos] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Ahn, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-728-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9562 AR 95620D DI 10.1117/12.2188710 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Optics GA BE0CC UT WOS:000365752400009 ER PT S AU Weingarten, DH LaCount, M Rumbles, G van de Lagemaat, J Lusk, MT Shaheen, SE AF Weingarten, Daniel H. LaCount, Michael Rumbles, Garry van de Lagemaat, Jao Lusk, Mark T. Shaheen, Sean E. BE Sulima, OV Conibeer, G TI Singlet-based photon upconversion in multichromophore organic thin films SO NEXT GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Next Generation Technologies for Solar Energy Conversion VI CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE C1 [Weingarten, Daniel H.; Shaheen, Sean E.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [LaCount, Michael; Lusk, Mark T.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Rumbles, Garry; van de Lagemaat, Jao] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Weingarten, DH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Shaheen, Sean/M-7893-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-728-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9562 AR 95620C DI 10.1117/12.2188991 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Optics GA BE0CC UT WOS:000365752400008 ER PT S AU Fahim, F Deptuch, GW Hoff, JR Mohseni, H AF Fahim, Farah Deptuch, Grzegorz W. Hoff, James R. Mohseni, Hooman BE Razeghi, M Temple, DS Brown, GJ TI Design Methodology: Edgeless 3D ASICs with complex in-pixel processing for Pixel Detectors SO OPTICAL SENSING, IMAGING, AND PHOTON COUNTING: NANOSTRUCTURED DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Sensing, Imaging, and Photon Counting - Nanostructured Devices and Applications CY AUG 11-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE 3D edgeless detector; design automation; high speed data transfer; priority encoder for zero suppression AB The design methodology for the development of 3D integrated edgeless pixel detectors with in-pixel processing using Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools is presented. A large area 3 tier 3D detector with one sensor layer and two ASIC layers containing one analog and one digital tier, is built for x-ray photon time of arrival measurement and imaging. A full custom analog pixel is 65 mu m x 65 mu m. It is connected to a sensor pixel of the same size on one side, and on the other side it has approximately 40 connections to the digital pixel. A 32 x 32 edgeless array without any peripheral functional blocks constitutes a sub-chip. The sub-chip is an indivisible unit, which is further arranged in a 6 x 6 array to create the entire 1.248cm x 1.248cm ASIC. Each chip has 720 bump-bond I/O connections, on the back of the digital tier to the ceramic PCB. All the analog tier power and biasing is conveyed through the digital tier from the PCB. The assembly has no peripheral functional blocks, and hence the active area extends to the edge of the detector. This was achieved by using a few flavors of almost identical analog pixels (minimal variation in layout) to allow for peripheral biasing blocks to be placed within pixels. The 1024 pixels within a digital sub-chip array have a variety of full custom, semi-custom and automated timing driven functional blocks placed together. The methodology uses a modified mixed-mode on-top digital implementation flow to not only harness the tool efficiency for timing and floor-planning but also to maintain designer control over compact parasitically aware layout. The methodology uses the Cadence design platform, however it is not limited to this tool. C1 [Fahim, Farah; Deptuch, Grzegorz W.; Hoff, James R.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Fahim, Farah; Mohseni, Hooman] Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Fahim, F (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM farah@fnal.gov RI Mohseni, Hooman/B-7253-2009 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-721-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9555 AR 95550M DI 10.1117/12.2188153 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD9WU UT WOS:000365514100018 ER PT S AU Fahim, F Deptuch, GW Hoff, JR Mohseni, H AF Fahim, Farah Deptuch, Grzegorz W. Hoff, James R. Mohseni, Hooman BE Razeghi, M Temple, DS Brown, GJ TI Modeling and analysis of hybrid pixel detector deficiencies for scientific applications SO OPTICAL SENSING, IMAGING, AND PHOTON COUNTING: NANOSTRUCTURED DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Sensing, Imaging, and Photon Counting - Nanostructured Devices and Applications CY AUG 11-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE pixel detectors; modelling; readout ASIC; parasitic extraction; simulations AB Semiconductor hybrid pixel detectors often consist of a pixellated sensor layer bump bonded to a matching pixelated readout integrated circuit (ROIC). The sensor can range from high resistivity Si to III-V materials, whereas a Si CMOS process is typically used to manufacture the ROIC. Independent, device physics and electronic design automation (EDA) tools are used to determine sensor characteristics and verify functional performance of ROICs respectively with significantly different solvers. Some physics solvers provide the capability of transferring data to the EDA tool. However, single pixel transient simulations are either not feasible due to convergence difficulties or are prohibitively long. A simplified sensor model, which includes a current pulse in parallel with detector equivalent capacitor, is often used; even then, spice type top-level (entire array) simulations range from days to weeks. In order to analyze detector deficiencies for a particular scientific application, accurately defined transient behavioral models of all the functional blocks are required. Furthermore, various simulations, such as transient, noise, Monte Carlo, inter-pixel effects, etc. of the entire array need to be performed within a reasonable time frame without trading off accuracy. The sensor and the analog front-end can be modeling using a real number modeling language, as complex mathematical functions or detailed data can be saved to text files, for further top-level digital simulations. Parasitically aware digital timing is extracted in a standard delay format (sdf) from the pixel digital back-end layout as well as the periphery of the ROIC. For any given input, detector level worst-case and best-case simulations are performed using a Verilog simulation environment to determine the output. Each top-level transient simulation takes no more than 10-15 minutes. The impact of changing key parameters such as sensor Poissonian shot noise, analog front-end bandwidth, jitter due to clock distribution etc. can be accurately analyzed to determine ROIC architectural viability and bottlenecks. Hence the impact of the detector parameters on the scientific application can be studied. C1 [Fahim, Farah; Deptuch, Grzegorz W.; Hoff, James R.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Fahim, Farah; Mohseni, Hooman] Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Fahim, F (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM farah@fnal.gov RI Mohseni, Hooman/B-7253-2009 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-721-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9555 AR 955517 DI 10.1117/12.2188128 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BD9WU UT WOS:000365514100029 ER PT S AU Shu, D Liu, W Kearney, S Anton, J Tischler, JZ AF Shu, D. Liu, W. Kearney, S. Anton, J. Tischler, J. Z. BE Hatheway, AE TI Mechanical design of a precision linear flexural stage for 3-D x-ray diffraction microscope at the Advanced Photon Source SO OPTOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optomechanical Engineering CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE linear flexural stage; precision motion control AB The 3-D X-ray diffraction microscope is a new nondestructive tool for the three-dimensional characterization of mesoscopic materials structure. A flexural-pivot-based precision linear stage has been designed to perform a wire scan as a differential aperture for the 3-D diffraction microscope at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. The mechanical design and finite element analyses of the flexural stage, as well as its initial mechanical test results with laser interferometer are described in this paper. C1 [Shu, D.; Liu, W.; Kearney, S.; Anton, J.; Tischler, J. Z.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kearney, S.; Anton, J.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Shu, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-739-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9573 AR UNSP 95730S DI 10.1117/12.2189311 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD9WZ UT WOS:000365519300024 ER PT J AU Lee, SJ Fowler, JS Alexoff, D Schueller, M Kim, D Nauth, A Weber, C Kim, SW Hooker, JM Ma, L Qu, WC AF Lee, So Jeong Fowler, Joanna S. Alexoff, David Schueller, Michael Kim, Dohyun Nauth, Alexander Weber, Carina Kim, Sung Won Hooker, Jacob M. Ma, Ling Qu, Wenchao TI An efficient and practical synthesis of [2-C-11]indole via superfast nucleophilic [C-11]cyanation and RANEY (R) Nickel catalyzed reductive cyclization SO ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER HYDROGENATION; INDOLES; CYANIDES; AUXIN AB A rapid method for the synthesis of carbon-11 radiolabeled indole was developed using a sub-nanomolar quantity of no-carrier-added [C-11] cyanide as radio-precursor. Based upon a reported synthesis of 2-(2-nitrophenyl)acetonitrile (2), a highly reactive substrate 2-nitrobenzyl bromide (1) was evaluated for nucleophilic [C-11] cyanation. Additionally, related reaction conditions were explored with the goal of obtaining of highly reactive 2-(2-nitrophenyl)-[1-C-11] acetonitrile ([C-11]-2) while inhibiting its rapid conversion to 2,3-bis(2-nitrophenyl)-[1-C-11] propanenitrile ([C-11]-3). Next, a RANEY(R) Nickel catalyzed reductive cyclization method was utilized for synthesizing the desired [2-C-11] indole with hydrazinium monoformate as the active reducing agent. Extensive and iterative screening of basicity, temperature and stoichiometry was required to overcome the large stoichiometry bias that favored 2-nitrobenzylbromide (1) over [C-11] cyanide, which both caused further alkylation of the desired nitrile and poisoned the RANEY(R) Nickel catalyst. The result is an efficient two-step, streamlined method to reliably synthesize [2-C-11] indole with an entire radiochemical yield of 21 +/- 2.2% (n = 5, ranging from 18-24%). The radiochemical purity of the final product was >98% and specific activity was 176 +/- 24.8 GBq mu mol(-1) (n = 5, ranging from 141-204 GBq mu mol(-1)). The total radiosynthesis time including product purification by semi-preparative HPLC was 50-55 min from end of cyclotron bombardment. C1 [Lee, So Jeong; Fowler, Joanna S.; Alexoff, David; Schueller, Michael; Kim, Dohyun; Nauth, Alexander; Weber, Carina; Kim, Sung Won; Hooker, Jacob M.; Qu, Wenchao] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Biol Environm & Climate Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Lee, So Jeong] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Nauth, Alexander; Weber, Carina] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Kernchem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Hooker, Jacob M.; Ma, Ling] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Athinoula A Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging,Dept Radi, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. RP Qu, WC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Biol Environm & Climate Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM wqu@bnl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research within the Office of Science [DE-SC0012704]; Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [PS005]; German Academic Exchange Service (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst, DAAD) Bonn FX This manuscript has been co-authored by employees of Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract DE-SC0012704 with the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research within the Office of Science. Additional support was provided by a Mesoscale Pilot project (PS005) from the Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, as well as the German Academic Exchange Service (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst, DAAD) Bonn, which supported an internship for Carina Weber and Alex Nauth. We also thank Richard Ferrieri for advices and encouragement, as well as Youwen Xu and Colleen Shea for technical and manuscript edit assistance. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-0520 EI 1477-0539 J9 ORG BIOMOL CHEM JI Org. Biomol. Chem. PY 2015 VL 13 IS 46 BP 11235 EP 11243 DI 10.1039/c5ob01654a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA CW9GQ UT WOS:000365307400009 PM 26411301 ER PT S AU Goetz, KP Tsutsumi, JY Pookpanratana, S Chen, JH Hasegawa, T Jurchescu, OD AF Goetz, Katelyn P. Tsutsumi, Jun Ya Pookpanratana, Sujitra Chen, Jihua Hasegawa, Tatsuo Jurchescu, Oana D. BE McCulloch, I Jurchescu, OD Kymissis, I Shinar, R Torsi, L TI Polymorphism in the organic charge-transfer complex dibenzotetrathiafulvalene-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (DBTTF-TCNQ) and its effect on optical and electrical properties SO ORGANIC FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS XIV; AND ORGANIC SENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Field-Effect Transistors XIV; and Organic Sensors and Bioelectronics VIII CY AUG 09-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Polyera C1 [Goetz, Katelyn P.; Jurchescu, Oana D.] Wake Forest Univ, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Tsutsumi, Jun Ya; Hasegawa, Tatsuo] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tokyo, Japan. [Pookpanratana, Sujitra] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Chen, Jihua] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Goetz, KP (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RI Tsutsumi, Jun'ya/O-6490-2016 OI Tsutsumi, Jun'ya/0000-0002-0910-1188 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-734-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9568 AR 95680E DI 10.1117/12.2187069 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0CM UT WOS:000365811700008 ER PT S AU Manna, E Fungura, F Shinar, J Shinar, R AF Manna, Eeshita Fungura, Fadzai Shinar, Joseph Shinar, Ruth BE McCulloch, I Jurchescu, OD Kymissis, I Shinar, R Torsi, L TI Advances in OLED/OPD-based spectrometer on-a-chip SO ORGANIC FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS XIV; AND ORGANIC SENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Field-Effect Transistors XIV; and Organic Sensors and Bioelectronics VIII CY AUG 09-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Polyera DE OLEDs; OPDs; spectrometer; lab-on-a-chip; absorption; sensing AB We describe ongoing advances toward achieving an integrated all-organic spectrometer on a chip. To this end, 2-dimensional combinatorial arrays of microcavity (mu c) organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) with systematically varying optical cavity lengths were fabricated on a single chip by changing the thickness of different organic and/or spacer layers sandwiched between the two metal electrodes. The latter, one of which is semitransparent, form the cavity. The tunable and narrower emissions from the mu cOLEDs serve as excitation sources of varying wavelength for monitoring light absorption or emission. For each wavelength, the light from the mu cOLED is partially absorbed by the sample under study and the transmitted light (or the light emitted by an electronically excited sample) is detected by a photodetector (PD). To obtain a compact monitor, an organic PD (OPD) is fabricated and integrated with the mu cOLED array. We show the potential of encompassing a broader wavelength range by using mu cOLEDs based on different emitting layers. The OPD used to realize the first all-organic integrated spectrometer described here is based on P3HT:PCBM, though more sensitive OPDs we utilized in sensing applications are expected to improve the spectrometers' performance. The utility of this all-organic mu cOLED/OPD spectrometer is shown for monitoring the absorption spectra of P3HT and Alexa Fluor 405 films. The results show excellent agreement with the absorption spectra obtained with a commercial Ocean Optics spectrometer. C1 [Manna, Eeshita; Fungura, Fadzai; Shinar, Joseph] Iowa State Univ, USDOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Manna, Eeshita; Shinar, Ruth] Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Fungura, Fadzai; Shinar, Joseph] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Fungura, Fadzai; Shinar, Ruth] Iowa State Univ, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Manna, E (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jshinar@iastate.edu; rshinar@iastate.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-734-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9568 AR 95681I DI 10.1117/12.2214560 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0CM UT WOS:000365811700025 ER PT S AU Peer, A Biswas, R AF Peer, Akshit Biswas, Rana BE Kafafi, ZH Lane, PA Samuel, IDW TI Nano-photonic organic solar cell architecture for advanced light management utilizing dual photonic crystals SO ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Photovoltaics XVI CY AUG 10-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Raynergy Tek Inc DE Organic solar cell; Light trapping; Diffraction; Surface plasmons ID ABSORPTION; LIMIT; PHOTOVOLTAICS; EFFICIENCY AB Organic solar cells have rapidly increasing efficiencies, but typically absorb less than half of the incident solar spectrum. To increase broadband light absorption, we rigorously design experimentally realizable solar cell architectures based on dual photonic crystals. Our optimized architecture consists of a polymer microlens at the air-glass interface, coupled with a photonic-plasmonic crystal at the metal cathode. The microlens focuses light on the periodic nanostructure that generates strong light diffraction. Waveguiding modes and surface plasmon modes together enhance long wavelength absorption in P3HT-PCBM. The architecture has a period of 500 nm, with absorption and photocurrent enhancement of 49% and 58%, respectively. C1 [Peer, Akshit; Biswas, Rana] Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Biswas, Rana] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Peer, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM biswasr@iastate.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-733-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9567 AR 95670H DI 10.1117/12.2188783 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Optics GA BE0CN UT WOS:000365813100008 ER PT J AU Mohr, S Ratcliff, LE Genovese, L Caliste, D Boulanger, P Goedecker, S Deutsch, T AF Mohr, Stephan Ratcliff, Laura E. Genovese, Luigi Caliste, Damien Boulanger, Paul Goedecker, Stefan Deutsch, Thierry TI Accurate and efficient linear scaling DFT calculations with universal applicability SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; BINDING MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; WANNIER FUNCTIONS; DECAY PROPERTIES; MATRIX; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SIMULATIONS; METALS; ONETEP AB Density functional theory calculations are computationally extremely expensive for systems containing many atoms due to their intrinsic cubic scaling. This fact has led to the development of so-called linear scaling algorithms during the last few decades. In this way it becomes possible to perform ab initio calculations for several tens of thousands of atoms within reasonable walltimes. However, even though the use of linear scaling algorithms is physically well justified, their implementation often introduces some small errors. Consequently most implementations offering such a linear complexity either yield only a limited accuracy or, if one wants to go beyond this restriction, require a tedious fine tuning of many parameters. In our linear scaling approach within the BigDFT package, we were able to overcome this restriction. Using an ansatz based on localized support functions expressed in an underlying Daubechies wavelet basis -which offers ideal properties for accurate linear scaling calculations -we obtain an amazingly high accuracy and a universal applicability while still keeping the possibility of simulating large system with linear scaling walltimes requiring only a moderate demand of computing resources. We prove the effectiveness of our method on a wide variety of systems with different boundary conditions, for single-point calculations as well as for geometry optimizations and molecular dynamics. C1 [Mohr, Stephan; Ratcliff, Laura E.; Genovese, Luigi; Caliste, Damien; Boulanger, Paul; Deutsch, Thierry] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INAC SP2M, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Ratcliff, Laura E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne Leadership Comp Facil, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Goedecker, Stefan] Univ Basel, Inst Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. RP Genovese, L (reprint author), Univ Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INAC SP2M, F-38000 Grenoble, France. EM luigi.genovese@cea.fr RI Genovese, Luigi/C-5937-2011; Deutsch, Thierry/A-6077-2009; OI Genovese, Luigi/0000-0003-1747-0247; Deutsch, Thierry/0000-0001-7503-3390; Mohr, Stephan/0000-0003-2510-5805; Caliste, Damien/0000-0002-4967-9275 FU CEA Nanosciences horizontal aid programme (project BigPOL); French National Research Agency [ANR-2010-COSI-005-01 NEWCASTLE]; "Turing" national GENCI-IDRIS supercomputing center [i2014096905]; Swiss CSCS project [s499] FX S.M. acknowledges a postdoctoral fellowship from the CEA Nanosciences horizontal aid programme (project BigPOL). T.D. and L.G. are indebted to the French National Research Agency for funding under Contract No. ANR-2010-COSI-005-01 NEWCASTLE. Computing time has been provided by the "Turing" national GENCI-IDRIS supercomputing center under contract No. i2014096905 and the Swiss CSCS project s499. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 47 BP 31360 EP 31370 DI 10.1039/c5cp00437c PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CX0TP UT WOS:000365410100002 PM 25958954 ER PT J AU Andrade, X Strubbe, D De Giovannini, U Larsen, AH Oliveira, MJT Alberdi-Rodriguez, J Varas, A Theophilou, I Helbig, N Verstraete, MJ Stella, L Nogueira, F Aspuru-Guzik, A Castro, A Marques, MAL Rubio, A AF Andrade, Xavier Strubbe, David De Giovannini, Umberto Hjorth Larsen, Ask Oliveira, Micael J. T. Alberdi-Rodriguez, Joseba Varas, Alejandro Theophilou, Iris Helbig, Nicole Verstraete, Matthieu J. Stella, Lorenzo Nogueira, Fernando Aspuru-Guzik, Alan Castro, Alberto Marques, Miguel A. L. Rubio, Angel TI Real-space grids and the Octopus code as tools for the development of new simulation approaches for electronic systems SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; QUANTUM-OPTIMAL-CONTROL; TAMM-DANCOFF APPROXIMATION; FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; KOHN-SHAM EQUATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; PERTURBATION-THEORY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; METALLIC NANOPARTICLES; DIELECTRIC FUNCTION AB Real-space grids are a powerful alternative for the simulation of electronic systems. One of the main advantages of the approach is the flexibility and simplicity of working directly in real space where the different fields are discretized on a grid, combined with competitive numerical performance and great potential for parallelization. These properties constitute a great advantage at the time of implementing and testing new physical models. Based on our experience with the Octopus code, in this article we discuss how the real-space approach has allowed for the recent development of new ideas for the simulation of electronic systems. Among these applications are approaches to calculate response properties, modeling of photoemission, optimal control of quantum systems, simulation of plasmonic systems, and the exact solution of the Schrodinger equation for low-dimensionality systems. C1 [Andrade, Xavier] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Andrade, Xavier; Aspuru-Guzik, Alan] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Strubbe, David] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [De Giovannini, Umberto; Hjorth Larsen, Ask; Alberdi-Rodriguez, Joseba; Varas, Alejandro; Rubio, Angel] Univ Basque Country, CFM CSIC UPV EHU MPC, Nanobio Spect Grp, Donostia San Sebastian 20018, Spain. [De Giovannini, Umberto; Hjorth Larsen, Ask; Alberdi-Rodriguez, Joseba; Varas, Alejandro; Rubio, Angel] Univ Basque Country, CFM CSIC UPV EHU MPC, European Theoret Spect Facil, Donostia San Sebastian 20018, Spain. [Oliveira, Micael J. T.; Verstraete, Matthieu J.] Univ Liege, Dept Phys, Unite Nanomat, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Alberdi-Rodriguez, Joseba] Univ Basque Country, UPV EHU, Dept Comp Architecture & Technol, Donostia San Sebastian 20018, Spain. [Theophilou, Iris; Helbig, Nicole] Forschungszentrum Julich, Peter Grunberg Inst, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Theophilou, Iris; Helbig, Nicole] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Adv Simulat, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Stella, Lorenzo] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Atomist Simulat Ctr, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Nogueira, Fernando] Univ Coimbra, Ctr Computat Phys, P-3004516 Coimbra, Portugal. [Castro, Alberto] Univ Zaragoza, Inst Biocomputat & Phys Complex Syst BIFI, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. [Castro, Alberto] Univ Zaragoza, Zaragoza Ctr Adv Modeling, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. [Castro, Alberto] ARAID Fdn, E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain. [Marques, Miguel A. L.] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Phys, D-06120 Halle, Saale, Germany. [Rubio, Angel] Max Planck Inst Struct & Dynam Matter, Hamburg, Germany. RP Andrade, X (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM xavier@tddft.org RI Oliveira, Micael/C-6186-2008; Rubio, Angel/A-5507-2008; Larsen, Ask Hjorth/I-6888-2013; Nogueira, Fernando/C-2777-2009; Stella, Lorenzo/C-7739-2011; De Giovannini, Umberto/A-4635-2010; Castro, Alberto/C-2557-2008; CSIC-UPV/EHU, CFM/F-4867-2012; OI Oliveira, Micael/0000-0003-1364-0907; Rubio, Angel/0000-0003-2060-3151; Larsen, Ask Hjorth/0000-0001-5267-6852; Nogueira, Fernando/0000-0003-3125-3660; Stella, Lorenzo/0000-0001-8595-4812; De Giovannini, Umberto/0000-0002-4899-1304; Castro, Alberto/0000-0002-9253-7926; Alberdi-Rodriguez, Joseba/0000-0002-9078-8553; Helbig, Nicole/0000-0002-5786-9976 FU U.S. Department of Energy at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07A27344]; Nvidia Corporation through the CUDA Center of Excellence program; US Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-10-1-0046]; U.S. National Science Foundation graduate research program; IGERT fellowships; ARPA-E [DE-AR0000180]; Belgian FNRS through FRFC "Control of attosecond dynamics: applications to molecular reactivity" [2.4545.12]; Emmy-Noether grant from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; European Research Council Advanced Grant DYNamo [ERC-2010-AdG-267374]; European Commission project CRONOS [280879-2]; Marie Curie ITN POCAONTAS (FP7) [316633]; OST Actions [CM1204, MP1306]; Spanish Grant [FIS2013-46159-C3-1-P]; Grupo Consolidado UPV/EHU del Gobierno Vasco [IT578-13]; Department of Education, Universities and Research of the Basque Government [IT395-10]; Spanish government [FIS2013-46159-C3-2-P] FX We would like to thank all the people that have contributed to Octopus and to the development and implementation of the applications presented in this article. In particular we would like to acknowledge Pablo Garcia-Risueno (for his contribution to the development of scalable Poisson solvers), Joaquim Jornet Somoza, Silvana Botti, Jacob Sanders, Johanna Fuks, Arto Sakko, Heiko Appel, Danilo Nitsche, Florian Lorenzen, Daniele Varsano, Carlo A. Rozzi, Roberto Olivares-Amaya, Alain Delgado, Pablo Garcia-Gonzalez, Javier Muguerza, and Agustin Arruabarrena. XA acknowledges that part of this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07A27344. XA and AA-G would like to thank the support received from Nvidia Corporation through the CUDA Center of Excellence program and the US Defense Threat Reduction Agency under contract no. HDTRA1-10-1-0046. DAS acknowledges support from the U.S. National Science Foundation graduate research program and IGERT fellowships, and from ARPA-E under grant DE-AR0000180. MJTO acknowledges financial support from the Belgian FNRS through FRFC project number 2.4545.12 "Control of attosecond dynamics: applications to molecular reactivity". NH and IT received support from a Emmy-Noether grant from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. JAR, AV, UDG, AHL and AR ackowledge financial support by the European Research Council Advanced Grant DYNamo (ERC-2010-AdG-267374), European Commission project CRONOS (Grant number 280879-2 CRONOS CP-FP7), Marie Curie ITN POCAONTAS (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-ITN, project number 316633), OST Actions CM1204 (XLIC), and MP1306 (EUSpec), Spanish Grant (FIS2013-46159-C3-1-P) and Grupo Consolidado UPV/EHU del Gobierno Vasco (IT578-13). JAR acknowledges the Department of Education, Universities and Research of the Basque Government (grant IT395-10). AC acknowledges support from the grant FIS2013-46159-C3-2-P of the Spanish government. This article was written using Authorea. NR 198 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 9 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 47 BP 31371 EP 31396 DI 10.1039/c5cp00351b PG 26 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CX0TP UT WOS:000365410100003 PM 25721500 ER PT J AU Hu, W Lin, L Yang, C AF Hu, Wei Lin, Lin Yang, Chao TI Edge reconstruction in armchair phosphorene nanoribbons revealed by discontinuous Galerkin density functional theory SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; SPACE GAUSSIAN PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; BASIS-SET; BLACK PHOSPHORUS; GRAPHENE; ORDER; GAS; DYNAMICS; MOBILITY; BANDGAP AB With the help of our recently developed massively parallel DGDFT (Discontinuous Galerkin Density Functional Theory) methodology, we perform large-scale Kohn-Sham density functional theory calculations on phosphorene nanoribbons with armchair edges (ACPNRs) containing a few thousands to ten thousand atoms. The use of DGDFT allows us to systematically achieve a conventional plane wave basis set type of accuracy, but with a much smaller number (about 15) of adaptive local basis (ALB) functions per atom for this system. The relatively small number of degrees of freedom required to represent the Kohn-Sham Hamiltonian, together with the use of the pole expansion the selected inversion (PEXSI) technique that circumvents the need to diagonalize the Hamiltonian, results in a highly efficient and scalable computational scheme for analyzing the electronic structures of ACPNRs as well as their dynamics. The total wall clock time for calculating the electronic structures of large-scale ACPNRs containing 1080-10 800 atoms is only 10-25 s per self-consistent field (SCF) iteration, with accuracy fully comparable to that obtained from conventional planewave DFT calculations. For the ACPNR system, we observe that the DGDFT methodology can scale to 5000-50 000 processors. We use DGDFT based ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations to study the thermodynamic stability of ACPNRs. Our calculations reveal that a 2 x 1 edge reconstruction appears in ACPNRs at room temperature. C1 [Hu, Wei; Lin, Lin; Yang, Chao] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lin, Lin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hu, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM whu@lbl.gov; linlin@math.berkeley.edu; cyang@lbl.gov OI Hu, Wei/0000-0001-9629-2121 FU Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) Program - U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research and Basic Energy Sciences; Center for Applied Mathematics for Energy Research Applications (CAMERA) FX This work is partially supported by the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) Program funded by U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research and Basic Energy Sciences (W.H., L.L. and C.Y.), and by the Center for Applied Mathematics for Energy Research Applications (CAMERA), which is a partnership between Basic Energy Sciences and Advanced Scientific Computing Research at the U. S. Department of Energy (L.L. and C.Y.). We thank the National Energy Research Scientific Computing (NERSC) center for the computational resources. NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 15 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 47 BP 31397 EP 31404 DI 10.1039/c5cp00333d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CX0TP UT WOS:000365410100004 PM 25698178 ER PT J AU Yanai, T Fann, GI Beylkin, G Harrison, RJ AF Yanai, Takeshi Fann, George I. Beylkin, Gregory Harrison, Robert J. TI Multiresolution quantum chemistry in multiwavelet bases: excited states from time-dependent Hartree-Fock and density functional theory via linear response SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXCITATION-ENERGIES; LOCAL-DENSITY; BASIS-SETS; APPROXIMATION; ALGORITHMS; EQUATIONS; POLARIZABILITIES; DIMENSIONS; POTENTIALS; EXCHANGE AB A fully numerical method for the time-dependent Hartree-Fock and density functional theory (TD-HF/DFT) with the Tamm-Dancoff (TD) approximation is presented in a multiresolution analysis (MRA) approach. From a reformulation with effective use of the density matrix operator, we obtain a general form of the HF/DFT linear response equation in the first quantization formalism. It can be readily rewritten as an integral equation with the bound-state Helmholtz (BSH) kernel for the Green's function. The MRA implementation of the resultant equation permits excited state calculations without virtual orbitals. The integral equation is efficiently and adaptively solved using a numerical multiresolution solver with multiwavelet bases. Our implementation of the TD-HF/DFT methods is applied for calculating the excitation energies of H-2, Be, N-2, H2O, and C2H4 molecules. The numerical errors of the calculated excitation energies converge in proportion to the residuals of the equation in the molecular orbitals and response functions. The energies of the excited states at a variety of length scales ranging from short-range valence excitations to longrange Rydberg-type ones are consistently accurate. It is shown that the multiresolution calculations yield the correct exponential asymptotic tails for the response functions, whereas those computed with Gaussian basis functions are too diffuse or decay too rapidly. We introduce a simple asymptotic correction to the local spin-density approximation (LSDA) so that in the TDDFT calculations, the excited states are correctly bound. C1 [Yanai, Takeshi] Inst Mol Sci, Dept Theoret & Computat Mol Sci, Okazaki, Aichi 4448585, Japan. [Fann, George I.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Beylkin, Gregory] Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Harrison, Robert J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Adv Computat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Harrison, Robert J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yanai, T (reprint author), Inst Mol Sci, Dept Theoret & Computat Mol Sci, Okazaki, Aichi 4448585, Japan. EM yanait@ims.ac.jp RI Beylkin, Gregory/G-6653-2011 FU Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program of the U.S. Department of Energy, the division of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Program in Mathematics, Information, and Computer Science through the Scientific Application Prototype Program of SciDAC; University of Virginia [MDA972-00-1-0016]; NSF/ITR [ACI-0082982, DMS-0219326]; Office of Energy Research of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF0098]; Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX We are grateful to Dr So Hirata for helpful guidance and valuable discussions about the linear response theory. RJH, TY, and GF were funded by the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program of the U.S. Department of Energy, the division of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory. GF was partially supported by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Program in Mathematics, Information, and Computer Science through the Scientific Application Prototype Program of SciDAC. The work of GB was supported in part by a University of Virginia subcontract under Grant MDA972-00-1-0016 and NSF/ITR Grants ACI-0082982 and DMS-0219326. This research was performed in part using the resources of the National Energy Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Energy Research of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC03-76SF0098, and the Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 47 BP 31405 EP 31416 DI 10.1039/c4cp05821f PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CX0TP UT WOS:000365410100005 PM 25711489 ER PT J AU Mehio, N Johnson, JC Dai, S Bryantsev, VS AF Mehio, Nada Johnson, J. Casey Dai, Sheng Bryantsev, Vyacheslav S. TI Theoretical study of the coordination behavior of formate and formamidoximate with dioxovanadium(v) cation: implications for selectivity towards uranyl SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; BASIS-SETS; ANISOTROPIC DIELECTRICS; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; METHACRYLIC-ACID; IONIC-SOLUTIONS; SEA-WATER; SEAWATER AB Poly(acrylamidoxime)-based fibers bearing random mixtures of carboxylate and amidoxime groups are the most widely utilized materials for extracting uranium from seawater. However, the competition between uranyl (UO22+) and vanadium ions poses a significant challenge to the industrial mining of uranium from seawater using the current generation of adsorbents. To design more selective adsorbents, a detailed understanding of how major competing ions interact with carboxylate and amidoxime ligands is required. In this work, we employ density functional theory (DFT) and wave-function methods to investigate potential binding motifs of the dioxovanadium ion, VO2+, with water, formate, and formamidoximate ligands. Employing higher level of theory calculations (CCSD(T)) resolve the existing controversy between the experimental results and previous DFT calculations for the structure of the hydrated VO2+ ion. Consistent with the EXAFS data, CCSD(T) calculations predict higher stability of the distorted octahedral geometry of VO2+(H2O)(4) compared to the five-coordinate complex with a single water molecule in the second hydration shell, while all seven tested DFT methods yield the reverse stability of the two conformations. Analysis of the relative stabilities of formate-VO2+ complexes indicates that both monodentate and bidentate forms may coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium in solution. Investigations of VO2+ coordination with the formamidoximate anion has revealed the existence of seven possible binding motifs, four of which are within similar to 4.0 kcal mol(-1) of each other. Calculations establish that the most stable binding motif entails the coordination of oxime oxygen and amide nitrogen atoms via a tautomeric rearrangement of amidoxime to imino hydroxylamine. The difference in the most stable VO2+ and UO22+ binding conformation has important implications for the design of more selective UO22+ ligands. C1 [Mehio, Nada; Dai, Sheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Johnson, J. Casey; Dai, Sheng; Bryantsev, Vyacheslav S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bryantsev, VS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bryantsevv@ornl.gov RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015; Bryantsev, Vyacheslav/M-5111-2016 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931; Bryantsev, Vyacheslav/0000-0002-6501-6594 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 47 BP 31715 EP 31726 DI 10.1039/c5cp06165b PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CX0TP UT WOS:000365410100036 PM 26559445 ER PT J AU Parker, DSN Kaiser, RI Kostko, O Troy, TP Ahmed, M Sun, BJ Chen, SH Chang, AHH AF Parker, Dorian S. N. Kaiser, Ralf I. Kostko, Oleg Troy, Tyler P. Ahmed, Musahid Sun, Bing-Jian Chen, Shih-Hua Chang, A. H. H. TI On the formation of pyridine in the interstellar medium SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THERMOCHEMISTRY; PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; SINGLE COLLISION CONDITIONS; VUV PHOTOIONIZATION; EXTRATERRESTRIAL NUCLEOBASES; CARBONACEOUS METEORITES; MURCHISON METEORITE; MOLECULES; CIRCUMSTELLAR AB Nitrogen-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) have been proposed to play a key role in the astrochemical evolution of the interstellar medium, but the formation mechanism of even their simplest building block - the aromatic pyridine molecule - has remained elusive for decades. Here we reveal a potential pathway to a facile pyridine (C5H5N) synthesis via the reaction of the cyano vinyl (C2H2CN) radical with vinyl cyanide (C2H3CN) in high temperature environments simulating conditions in carbon-rich circumstellar envelopes of Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars like IRC+10216. Since this reaction is barrier-less, pyridine can also be synthesized via this bimolecular reaction in cold molecular clouds such as in TMC-1. The synchronized aromatization of precursors readily available in the interstellar medium leading to nitrogen incorporation into the aromatic rings would open up a novel route to pyridine derivatives such as vitamin B3 and pyrimidine bases as detected in carbonaceous chondrites like Murchison. C1 [Parker, Dorian S. N.; Kaiser, Ralf I.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Chem, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kostko, Oleg; Troy, Tyler P.; Ahmed, Musahid] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sun, Bing-Jian; Chen, Shih-Hua; Chang, A. H. H.] Natl Dong Hwa Univ, Dept Chem, Shoufeng 974, Hualien, Taiwan. RP Kaiser, RI (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Chem, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM ralfk@hawaii.edu; mahmed@lbl.gov; hhchang@mail.ndhu.edu.tw RI Kostko, Oleg/B-3822-2009; Ahmed, Musahid/A-8733-2009 OI Kostko, Oleg/0000-0003-2068-4991; FU Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences at the University of Hawaii [DE-FG02-03ER15411]; NASA; U.S. Department of Energy through the Chemical Sciences Division [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences (DE-FG02-03ER15411) at the University of Hawaii (RIK). This research was also supported by a Postdoctoral Fellow Appointment by the NASA Postdoctoral Program (DSNP) administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. MA, OK, and TPT and the Advanced Light Source are supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 through the Chemical Sciences Division. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 47 BP 32000 EP 32008 DI 10.1039/c5cp02960k PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CX0TP UT WOS:000365410100067 PM 26569517 ER PT S AU Gong, Y Joly, AG El-Khoury, PZ Hess, WP AF Gong, Yu Joly, Alan G. El-Khoury, Patrick Z. Hess, Wayne P. BE Boardman, AD Tsai, DP TI Efficient Coupling and Transport of a Surface Plasmon at 780 nm in a Gold Nanostructure SO PLASMONICS: METALLIC NANOSTRUCTURES AND THEIR OPTICAL PROPERTIES XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Optics and Photonics Conference on Plasmonics - Metallic Nanostructures and their Optical Properties XIII CY AUG 09-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Surface plasmon; nanostructures; single-crystal gold flakes ID LOSSY METAL-FILMS; RAMAN-SCATTERING; PROPAGATION; MICROSCOPY; ARRAYS; POLARITONS; NANOWIRES; LIMIT; THIN AB We study plasmonic nanostructures in single-crystal gold with scanning electron and femtosecond photoemission electron microscopies. We design an integrated laser coupling and nanowire waveguide structure by focused ion beam lithography in single-crystal gold flakes. The photoemission results show that the laser field is efficiently coupled into a propagating surface plasmon by a simple hole structure and propagates efficiently in an adjacent nano-bar waveguide. A strong local field is created by the propagating surface plasmon at the nano-bar tip. A similar structure, with a decreased waveguide width and thickness, displayed significantly more intense photoemission indicating enhanced local electric field at the sharper tip. C1 [Gong, Yu; Joly, Alan G.; El-Khoury, Patrick Z.; Hess, Wayne P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Phys Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gong, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Phys Sci, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Gong, Yu /I-9950-2014 OI Gong, Yu /0000-0002-9357-9503 NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-713-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9547 AR 95470H DI 10.1117/12.2190449 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE0CE UT WOS:000365754300014 ER PT S AU Hacke, P Terwilliger, K Glick, SH Perrin, G Kurtz, SR AF Hacke, Peter Terwilliger, Kent Glick, Stephen H. Perrin, Greg Kurtz, Sarah R. BE Dhere, NG Wohlgemuth, JH JonesAlbertus, R TI Survey of potential-induced degradation in thin-film modules SO RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS, MODULES, COMPONENTS, AND SYSTEMS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Reliability of Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, Components, and Systems Conference CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Potential-induced degradation; PID; CdTe; CIGS; thin-film; current-induced degradation; CID; accelerated lifetime testing ID SOLAR-CELLS; PV MODULES; LAYERS; LIGHT AB CdTe and CIGS type modules were tested for potential-induced degradation with positive and negative 1,000 V bias applied to the active cell circuit in an 85 degrees C, 85% relative humidity environmental chamber. Both CdTe module types tested exhibited degradation under negative bias. I-V curve data indicated the first module type was affected sequentially by shunting followed by a recovery and then by series resistance losses; the second was affected by recombination losses. The first type showed transparent conductive oxide delamination from the glass after about 750 h of stress testing in the environmental chamber and exhibited power degradation within five weeks in field tests with -1,000 V system voltage. Performance of CIGS modules differed depending on the technology generation. Under negative bias, the older module design showed an initial 12% (relative) improvement, possibly because of the influx of sodium ions that has been reported to benefit the electrical properties, followed by severe degradation with continued stress testing. The newer design CIGS module exhibited the best stability of the four thin-film module types tested with a total loss of 9.5 % (relative) power drop after 3,100 h of test with negative voltage bias, but not clearly by system voltage stress effects considering similar behavior by a sister module in-chamber in open-circuit condition. Relative rates of current leakage-to-ground between chamber tests and modules placed outdoors under system voltage stress are compared to extrapolate anticipated coulombs transferred for given extents of degradation of the module power. This analysis correctly placed which module type failed in the field first, but overestimated the time to failure. The performance of modules at 85 degrees C with dark current I-mp applied through the cell circuit are discussed with respect to stand-alone fielded modules biased to near their maximum power point with load resistors. C1 [Hacke, Peter; Terwilliger, Kent; Glick, Stephen H.; Perrin, Greg; Kurtz, Sarah R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hacke, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-729-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9563 AR 95630B DI 10.1117/12.2188958 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Optics GA BD9WP UT WOS:000365512000010 ER PT S AU Jones-Albertus, R AF Jones-Albertus, Rebecca BE Dhere, NG Wohlgemuth, JH JonesAlbertus, R TI The importance of reliability to the SunShot Initiative SO RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS, MODULES, COMPONENTS, AND SYSTEMS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Reliability of Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, Components, and Systems Conference CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE C1 [Jones-Albertus, Rebecca] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Jones-Albertus, R (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-729-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9563 AR 95630S DI 10.1117/12.2188876 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Optics GA BD9WP UT WOS:000365512000022 ER PT S AU Kempe, MD Miller, DC Nobles, DL Sakurai, K Tucker, J Bokria, JG Shioda, T Nanjundiah, K Yoshihara, T Birchmier, J Zubillaga, O Wohlgemuth, JH AF Kempe, Michael D. Miller, David C. Nobles, Dylan L. Sakurai, Keiichiro Tucker, John Bokria, Jayesh G. Shioda, Tsuyoshi Nanjundiah, Kumar Yoshihara, Toshio Birchmier, Jeff Zubillaga, Oihana Wohlgemuth, John H. BE Dhere, NG Wohlgemuth, JH JonesAlbertus, R TI Development of a Resistivity Standard for Polymeric Materials Used in Photovoltaic Modules SO RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS, MODULES, COMPONENTS, AND SYSTEMS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Reliability of Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, Components, and Systems Conference CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Photovoltaic; Encapsulant; Resistivity; Standard ID POTENTIAL-INDUCED DEGRADATION; SPACE-CHARGE ACCUMULATION; HVDC CABLE DESIGN; SOLAR-CELLS AB Photovoltaic (PV) modules, operate at high voltages and elevated temperatures, and are known to degrade because of leakage current to ground. Related degradation processes may include: electric/ionic corrosion, electrochemical deposition, electromigration, and/or charge build-up in thin layers. The use of polymeric materials with a high resistivity is known to reduce the rate of potential induced degradation processes. Because of this, PV materials suppliers are placing increased importance on the encapsulant bulk resistivity, but there is no universally accepted method for making this measurement. The development of a resistivity test standard is described in this paper. We have performed a number of exploratory and round-robin tests to establish a representative and reproducible method for determining the bulk resistivity of polymeric materials, including encapsulation, backsheet, edge seals, and adhesives. The duration of measurement has been shown to greatly affect the results, e.g., an increase as great as 100X was seen for different measurement times. The standard has been developed using measurements alternating between an "on" and "off" voltage state with a weighted averaging function and cycle times of an hour. C1 [Kempe, Michael D.; Miller, David C.; Nobles, Dylan L.; Wohlgemuth, John H.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Sakurai, Keiichiro] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. [Tucker, John] Keithley Instruments Inc, Cleveland, OH 44139 USA. [Bokria, Jayesh G.] Specialized Technol Resources Inc, Enfield, CT 06082 USA. [Shioda, Tsuyoshi] Mitsui Chem Inc, Sodegaura, Chiba 2990265, Japan. [Nanjundiah, Kumar] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48667 USA. [Yoshihara, Toshio; Birchmier, Jeff] Dai Nippon Printing Co Ltd, Kashiwa, Chiba 2770871, Japan. [Zubillaga, Oihana] Tecnalia Res & Innovat, San Sebastian 20009, Spain. RP Kempe, MD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-729-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9563 AR 956302 DI 10.1117/12.2189662 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Optics GA BD9WP UT WOS:000365512000002 ER PT S AU Lavrova, O AF Lavrova, Olga BE Dhere, NG Wohlgemuth, JH JonesAlbertus, R TI PV system reliability program at Sandia National Labs: From material-level to system-level analysis SO RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS, MODULES, COMPONENTS, AND SYSTEMS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Reliability of Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, Components, and Systems Conference CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE C1 [Lavrova, Olga] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lavrova, O (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-729-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9563 AR 95630P DI 10.1117/12.2189750 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Optics GA BD9WP UT WOS:000365512000019 ER PT S AU Silverman, TJ Deceglie, MG Deline, C Kurtz, S AF Silverman, Timothy J. Deceglie, Michael G. Deline, Chirs Kurtz, Sarah BE Dhere, NG Wohlgemuth, JH JonesAlbertus, R TI Partial shade stress test for thin-film photovoltaic modules SO RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS, MODULES, COMPONENTS, AND SYSTEMS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Reliability of Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, Components, and Systems Conference CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE photovoltaics; reliability; photovoltaic modules; thin film AB Partial shade of monolithic thin-film PV modules can cause reverse-bias conditions leading to permanent damage. In this work, we introduce a partial shade stress test for thin-film PV modules that quantifies permanent performance loss. The test reproduces shading and loading conditions that may occur in the field. It accounts for reversible light-induced performance changes and for the effects of light-enhanced reverse breakdown. We simulated the test procedure using a computer model that predicts the local voltage, current and temperature stress resulting from partial shade. We also performed the test on three commercial module types. Each module type we tested suffered permanent damage during masked flash testing totaling < 2 s of light exposure. During the subsequent stress test these module types lost 4%-11% in P-mp due to widespread formation of new shunts. One module type showed a substantial worsening of the P-mp loss upon light stabilization, underscoring the importance of this practice for proper quantification of damage. C1 [Silverman, Timothy J.; Deceglie, Michael G.; Deline, Chirs; Kurtz, Sarah] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Silverman, TJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM timothy.silverman@nrel.go NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-729-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9563 DI 10.1117/12.2188774 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Optics GA BD9WP UT WOS:000365512000013 ER PT S AU Alam, S Nelson, ML Van de Sompel, H Balakireva, LL Shankar, H Rosenthal, DSH AF Alam, Sawood Nelson, Michael L. Van de Sompel, Herbert Balakireva, Lyudmila L. Shankar, Harihar Rosenthal, David S. H. BE Kapidakis, S Mazurek, C Werla, M TI Web Archive Profiling Through CDX Summarization SO RESEARCH AND ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY FOR DIGITAL LIBRARIES SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries (TPDL) CY SEP 14-18, 2015 CL Poznan, POLAND SP Poznan Supercomputing & Networking Ctr DE Web archives; Profiling; CDX Files; Memento AB With the proliferation of public web archives, it is becoming more important to better profile their contents, both to understand their immense holdings as well as support routing of requests in the Memento aggregator. To save time, the Memento aggregator should only poll the archives that are likely to have a copy of the requested URI. Using the CDX files produced after crawling, we can generate profiles of the archives that summarize their holdings and can be used to inform routing of the Memento aggregator's URI requests. Previous work in profiling ranged from using full URIs (no false positives, but with large profiles) to using only top-level domains (TLDs) (smaller profiles, but with many false positives). This work explores strategies in between these two extremes. In our experiments, we gained up to 22% routing precision with less than 5% relative cost as compared to the complete knowledge profile without any false negatives. With respect to the TLD-only profile, the registered domain profile doubled the routing precision, while complete hostname and one path segment gave a five fold increase in routing precision. C1 [Alam, Sawood; Nelson, Michael L.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Van de Sompel, Herbert; Balakireva, Lyudmila L.; Shankar, Harihar] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Rosenthal, David S. H.] Stanford Univ Libraries, Stanford, CA USA. RP Alam, S (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM salam@cs.odu.edu; mln@cs.odu.edu; herbertv@lanl.gov; ludab@lanl.gov; harihar@lanl.gov; dshr@stanford.edu OI Shankar, Harihar/0000-0003-4949-0728; Balakireva, Lyudmila/0000-0002-3919-3634; Nelson, Michael/0000-0003-3749-8116; Alam, Sawood/0000-0002-8267-3326 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-24592-8; 978-3-319-24591-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 9316 BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-24592-8_1 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE0DC UT WOS:000365853300001 ER PT J AU Li, L Chai, SH Binder, A Brown, S Yang, SZ Dai, S AF Li, Lin Chai, Song-Hai Binder, Andrew Brown, Suree Yang, Shi-Ze Dai, Sheng TI Synthesis of MCF-supported AuCo nanoparticle catalysts and the catalytic performance for the CO oxidation reaction SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; NIAU ALLOY NANOPARTICLES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; GOLD CATALYSTS; MESOPOROUS MATERIALS; TITANIA; NANOCATALYSTS; TIO2; DEACTIVATION; DEPOSITION AB The oxidation of carbon monoxide under low temperature is increasingly becoming an important process, and supported gold nanoparticles have generated an immense interest in this field due to their extremely high reactivity. In this paper, we have synthesized MCF-supported AuCo nanoparticles, and through heating the AuCo/MCF in an O-2 atmosphere, we have developed Au-CoOx heterostructured catalysts for CO oxidation. The structure of the Au-CoOx/MCF hybrid catalysts was investigated by using a combination of XRD, TEM, HR-TEM, EDX, SEM, XPS and in situ FTIR experiments. Various pretreatment conditions were required to form a highly active and stable Au-CoOx/MCF catalyst to achieve 100% CO conversion under low temperature. The AuCo/MCF catalyst calcined at 500 degrees C for 1 h was found to produce the most active and stable catalyst for CO oxidation with the highest activity at a reaction temperature of 30 degrees C for 15 h on-stream. Furthermore, XRD results of the used Au-CoOx/MCF catalyst showed its good resistance to sintering during catalytic process. However, by heating the Au-CoOx/MCF catalyst in H-2 at 400 degrees C for 1 h to reduce the CoOx back to Co to reform the AuCo catalyst, it was found that the AuCo/MCF catalyst was much less active for CO oxidation. This was explained by the in situ FTIR results, which showed that CO molecules could be chemisorbed and activated on the Au-CoOx/MCF catalyst more than on the AuCo/MCF catalyst. It was likely that the increased interfacial contact between the Au and CoOx formed the most active site on the catalyst and was responsible for the enhanced catalytic properties when compared with pure Au/MCF. C1 [Li, Lin] South Cent Univ Nationalities, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, State Ethn Affairs Commiss, Key Lab Catalysis & Mat Sci, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Li, Lin] South Cent Univ Nationalities, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Li, Lin; Brown, Suree; Dai, Sheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Chai, Song-Hai; Binder, Andrew; Yang, Shi-Ze; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), South Cent Univ Nationalities, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, State Ethn Affairs Commiss, Key Lab Catalysis & Mat Sci, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. EM lilinenjoy@126.com; dais@ornl.gov RI Chai, Song-Hai/A-9299-2012; Brown, Steven/A-6792-2011; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015; Yang, Shize/D-1247-2017 OI Chai, Song-Hai/0000-0002-4152-2513; Brown, Steven/0000-0002-9281-3898; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931; Yang, Shize/0000-0002-0421-006X FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21403304]; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division FX Financial supports of this work by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21403304) are greatly appreciated. At the same time, the research was sponsored by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. The electron microscopy at ORNL was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division and performed in part as a user project at the ORNL Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is a DOE Office of the Science User Facility. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 121 BP 100212 EP 100222 DI 10.1039/c5ra11487j PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CX0SK UT WOS:000365406800076 ER PT J AU Savariraj, AD Rajendrakumar, G Selvam, S Karthick, SN Balamuralitharan, B Kim, HJ Viswanathan, KK Vijayakumar, M Prabakar, K AF Savariraj, A. Dennyson Rajendrakumar, G. Selvam, Samayanan Karthick, S. N. Balamuralitharan, B. Kim, Hee-Je Viswanathan, Kodakkal Kannan Vijayakumar, M. Prabakar, Kandasamy TI Stacked Cu1.8S nanoplatelets as counter electrode for quantum dot-sensitized solar cell SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID PLASMON RESONANCE; NANOCRYSTALS; TIO2; CDS; NANOPARTICLES; PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENCY; PBS; CUS; NANOTUBES AB It is found that the electrocatalytic activity of Cu2-xS thin films used in quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) as counter electrode (CE) for the reduction of polysulfide electrolyte depends on the surface active sulfide and disulfide species and the deficiency of Cu. The preferential bonding between Cu2+ and S2-, leading to the selective formation of a Cu1.8S stacked platelet-like morphology, is determined by the cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide surfactant and deposition temperature; the crab-like Cu-S coordination bond formed dictates the surface area to volume ratio of the Cu1.8S thin films and their electrocatalytic activity. The Cu deficiency enhances the conductivity of the Cu1.8S thin films, which exhibit near-infrared localized surface plasmon resonance due to free carriers, and UV-vis absorption spectra show an excitonic effect due to the quantum size effect. When these Cu1.8S thin films were employed as CEs in QDSSCs, a robust photoconversion efficiency of 5.2% was obtained for the film deposited at 60 degrees C by a single-step chemical bath deposition method. C1 [Savariraj, A. Dennyson; Rajendrakumar, G.; Selvam, Samayanan; Karthick, S. N.; Balamuralitharan, B.; Kim, Hee-Je; Prabakar, Kandasamy] Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Busan 609735, South Korea. [Viswanathan, Kodakkal Kannan] Univ Teknol Malaysia, Fac Sci, Ibnu SIna Inst Sci & Ind Res, UTM Ctr Ind & Appl Math,Dept Math Sci, Johor Baharu 81310, Johor, Malaysia. [Vijayakumar, M.; Prabakar, Kandasamy] PNNL, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Prabakar, K (reprint author), Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San 30, Busan 609735, South Korea. EM prabakar@pusan.ac.kr OI Prabakar, Kandasamy/0000-0001-7582-0765; Gunasekaran, Rajendra Kumar/0000-0003-1360-0083 FU Pusan National University research grant FX This work was supported for two years by the Pusan National University research grant. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 122 BP 100560 EP 100567 DI 10.1039/c5ra20965j PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CX3FN UT WOS:000365581700018 ER PT J AU Pan, HB Kuo, LJ Wood, J Strivens, J Gill, GA Janke, CJ Wai, CM AF Pan, Horng-Bin Kuo, Li-Jung Wood, Jordana Strivens, Jonathan Gill, Gary A. Janke, Christopher J. Wai, Chien M. TI Towards understanding KOH conditioning of amidoxime-based polymer adsorbents for sequestering uranium from seawater SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID METHACRYLIC-ACID; RECOVERY; ADSORPTION; ACRYLONITRILE; POLYETHYLENE; CARBOXYL; SORBERS; RESINS; FIBER AB Conditioning of polymer fiber adsorbents grafted with amidoxime and carboxylic acid groups is necessary to make the materials hydrophilic for sequestering uranium from seawater. Spectroscopic techniques were employed to study the effectiveness of the traditional KOH conditioning method (2.5% KOH at 80 degrees C) on recently developed high-surface-area amidoxime-based polymer fiber adsorbents developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. FTIR spectra reveal that the KOH conditioning process removes the proton from the carboxylic acids and also converts the amidoxime groups to carboxylate groups in the adsorbent. With prolonged KOH treatment (>1 h) at 80 degrees C, physical damage to the adsorbent material occurs which can lead to a significant reduction in the adsorbent's uranium adsorption capability in real seawater during extended exposure times (>21 days). The physical damage to the adsorbent can be minimized by lowering the KOH conditioning temperature. For high-surface-area amidoxime-based adsorbents, 20 min of conditioning in 2.5% KOH at 80 degrees C or 1 h of conditioning in 2.5% KOH at 60 degrees C appears sufficient to achieve de-protonation of the carboxylic acid with minimal harmful effects to the adsorbent material. The use of NaOH instead of KOH can also reduce the cost of the base treatment process required for conditioning the amidoxime-based sorbents with minimal loss of adsorption capacity (<= 7%). C1 [Pan, Horng-Bin; Wai, Chien M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Kuo, Li-Jung; Wood, Jordana; Strivens, Jonathan; Gill, Gary A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. [Janke, Christopher J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wai, CM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM gary.gill@pnnl.gov; cwai@uidaho.edu RI Janke, Christopher/E-1598-2017 OI Janke, Christopher/0000-0002-6076-7188 FU DOE-NEUP grant [00042246]; Uranium Resources Program, Fuel Cycle Research and Development Program, Office of Nuclear Energy of the U.S. Department of Energy at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX This study is supported by a DOE-NEUP grant (contract number 00042246) to the University of Idaho. Support of the Uranium Resources Program, Fuel Cycle Research and Development Program, Office of Nuclear Energy of the U.S. Department of Energy at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is acknowledged. We thank Dr Thomas J. Williams of the University of Idaho for assistance in SEM analysis. We thank Dr Valerie Cullinan (PNNL) for performing statistical analysis of the KOH and NaOH conditioning results. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 122 BP 100715 EP 100721 DI 10.1039/c5ra14095a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CX3FN UT WOS:000365581700038 ER PT J AU Marquardt, D Heberle, FA Nickels, JD Pabst, G Katsaras, J AF Marquardt, Drew Heberle, Frederick A. Nickels, Jonathan D. Pabst, Georg Katsaras, John TI On scattered waves and lipid domains: detecting membrane rafts with X-rays and neutrons SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Review ID SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON; THERMAL-MECHANICAL FLUCTUATIONS; BILAYER STRUCTURE DETERMINATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; COLLECTIVE DYNAMICS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; JOINT REFINEMENT; DIFFRACTION DATA; HYDRATION WATER; PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE BILAYERS AB In order to understand the biological role of lipids in cell membranes, it is necessary to determine the mesoscopic structure of well-defined model membrane systems. Neutron and X-ray scattering are noninvasive, probe-free techniques that have been used extensively in such systems to probe length scales ranging from angstroms to microns, and dynamics occurring over picosecond to millisecond time scales. Recent developments in the area of phase separated lipid systems mimicking membrane rafts will be presented, and the underlying concepts of the different scattering techniques used to study them will be discussed in detail. C1 [Marquardt, Drew; Pabst, Georg] Graz Univ, Inst Mol Biosci, Div Biophys, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria. [Marquardt, Drew; Pabst, Georg] BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria. [Heberle, Frederick A.; Nickels, Jonathan D.; Katsaras, John] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Heberle, Frederick A.; Nickels, Jonathan D.; Katsaras, John] Joint Inst Neutron Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Nickels, Jonathan D.; Katsaras, John] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Katsaras, John] Brock Univ, Dept Phys, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. [Katsaras, John] Univ Tennessee, Bredesen Ctr Interdisciplinary Res, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Katsaras, John] Univ Tennessee, Grad Educ, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Pabst, G (reprint author), Graz Univ, Inst Mol Biosci, Div Biophys, NAWI Graz, Humboldtstr 50-3, Graz, Austria. EM georg.pabst@uni-graz.at; katsarasj@ornl.gov RI Nickels, Jonathan/I-1913-2012; OI Nickels, Jonathan/0000-0001-8351-7846; Katsaras, John/0000-0002-8937-4177; Pabst, Georg/0000-0003-1967-1536 FU Austrian Science funds (FWF) [P24459, P27083, I1304]; U.S. DOE BES through EPSCoR [DE-FG02-08ER46528]; Scientific User Facilities Division of the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences under US DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX GP acknowledges financial support from the Austrian Science funds (FWF), project numbers P24459, P27083 and I1304. JDN is partially supported by the U.S. DOE BES through EPSCoR Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46528. JK is supported through the Scientific User Facilities Division of the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences under US DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 145 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 10 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2015 VL 11 IS 47 BP 9055 EP 9072 DI 10.1039/c5sm01807b PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA CX0SQ UT WOS:000365407500001 PM 26428538 ER PT J AU Haxton, TK Hedges, LO Whitelam, S AF Haxton, Thomas K. Hedges, Lester O. Whitelam, Stephen TI Crystallization and arrest mechanisms of model colloids SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN CRYSTAL NUCLEATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PHASE-SEPARATION; POLYMER MIXTURES; DESIGN RULES; PARTICLES; PATHWAYS; KINETICS; SYSTEMS; RANGE AB We performed dynamic simulations of spheres with short-range attractive interactions for many values of interaction strength and range. Fast crystallization occurs in a localized region of this parameter space, but the character of crystallization pathways is not uniform within this region. Pathways range from one-step, in which a crystal nucleates directly from a gas, to two-step, in which substantial liquid-like clusters form and only subsequently become crystalline. Crystallization can fail because of slow nucleation from either gas or liquid, or because of dynamic arrest caused by strong interactions. Arrested states are characterized by the formation of networks of face-sharing tetrahedra that can be detected by a local common neighbor analysis. C1 [Haxton, Thomas K.; Hedges, Lester O.; Whitelam, Stephen] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hedges, Lester O.] Univ Bath, Dept Phys, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. RP Haxton, TK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tomhaxton@gmail.com; swhitelam@lbl.gov RI Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was performed at the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2015 VL 11 IS 48 BP 9307 EP 9320 DI 10.1039/c5sm01833a PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA CX7UJ UT WOS:000365908000008 PM 26428696 ER PT S AU Himpsel, FJ Cook, PL Zegkinoglou, I Boukahil, I Qiao, R Yang, W Pemmaraju, SC Prendergast, D Kronawitter, CX Kibria, MG Mi, ZT Vayssieres, L AF Himpsel, F. J. Cook, P. L. Zegkinoglou, I. Boukahil, Idris Qiao, R. Yang, W. Pemmaraju, S. C. Prendergast, D. Kronawitter, C. X. Kibria, M. G. Mi, Zetian Vayssieres, L. BE Shen, S TI Synchrotron-based spectroscopy for solar energy conversion SO SOLAR HYDROGEN AND NANOTECHNOLOGY X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solar Hydrogen and Nanotechnology X CY AUG 09-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Photovoltaics; water splitting; photoanodes; nanowires; spectroscopy; synchrotron radiation; XAS; XPS ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CELLS; EFFICIENCY; DIAMOND AB X-rays from synchrotron radiation enable incisive spectroscopic techniques which speed up the discovery of new materials for photovoltaics and photoelectrochemistry. A particularly useful method is X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), which probes empty electronic states. XAS is element-and bond-specific, with the additional capability of determining the bond orientation. Close feedback from density functional calculations makes it possible to discover and exploit systematic trends in the electronic properties. Case studies are presented, such as solar cells that combine an absorber with an electron donor and an acceptor in one molecular complex and nanowire arrays serving as photoanodes for water splitting. In addition to the energy levels the lifetimes of the charge carriers play an essential role in device performance. A new generation of laser-like X-ray sources will make it possible to follow the fate of excited charge carriers traveling across a molecular complex or through a device structure in real time. C1 [Himpsel, F. J.; Zegkinoglou, I.; Boukahil, Idris] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cook, P. L.] Univ Wisconsin Super, Dept Nat Sci, Superior, WI 54880 USA. [Qiao, R.; Yang, W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pemmaraju, S. C.; Prendergast, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kronawitter, C. X.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kibria, M. G.; Mi, Zetian] McGill Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Vayssieres, L.] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Int Res Ctr Renewable Energy, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. RP Himpsel, FJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM fhimpsel@wisc.edu RI Qiao, Ruimin/E-9023-2013; Zegkinoglou, Ioannis/H-2343-2013 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-726-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9560 AR 95600G DI 10.1117/12.2187038 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BE0BZ UT WOS:000365746700004 ER PT S AU Liu, YS Glans, PA Arthur, TS Mizuno, F Chang, CL Pong, WF Guo, JH AF Liu, Yi-Sheng Glans, Per-Anders Arthur, Timothy S. Mizuno, Fuminori Chang, Chinglin Pong, Way-Faung Guo, Jinghua BE Shen, S TI In-situ/operando soft x-ray spectroscopy characterization of interfacial phenomena in energy materials and devices SO SOLAR HYDROGEN AND NANOTECHNOLOGY X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solar Hydrogen and Nanotechnology X CY AUG 09-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE In-situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy; Catalysis; Photoelectrochemistry; Hematite; Water splitting ID ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; WATER; LIQUID; COBALT; NANOPARTICLES; DEPOSITION; SCATTERING AB Many important energy systems are based on the complexity of material architecture, chemistry and interactions among constituents within. To understand and thus ultimately control the energy applications calls for in-situ/operando characterization tools. Recently, we have developed the in-situ/operando soft X-ray spectroscopic systems for the studies of catalytic and electrochemical reactions, and reveal how to overcome the challenge that soft X-rays cannot easily peek into the high-pressure catalytic or liquid electrochemical reactions. The unique design of in-situ/operando soft X-ray spectroscopy instrumentation and fabrication principle and one example are presented. C1 [Liu, Yi-Sheng; Glans, Per-Anders; Guo, Jinghua] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Arthur, Timothy S.; Mizuno, Fuminori] Toyota Res Inst North Amer, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Liu, Yi-Sheng; Chang, Chinglin; Pong, Way-Faung] Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, Tamsui 251, Taiwan. [Guo, Jinghua] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Liu, YS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Glans, Per-Anders/G-8674-2016 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-726-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9560 AR 956005 DI 10.1117/12.2187742 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BE0BZ UT WOS:000365746700001 ER PT S AU Morley, SA Stein, A Rosamond, MC Venero, DA Hrabec, A Shepley, PM Im, MY Fischer, P Bryan, MT Allwood, DA Steadman, P Langridge, S Marrows, CH AF Morley, Sophie A. Stein, Aaron Rosamond, Mark C. Venero, Diego Alba Hrabec, Ales Shepley, Philippa M. Im, Mi-Young Fischer, Peter Bryan, Matthew T. Allwood, Dan A. Steadman, Paul Langridge, Sean Marrows, Christopher H. BE Drouhin, HJ Wegrowe, JE Razeghi, M TI Temperature and magnetic-field driven dynamics in artificial magnetic square ice SO SPINTRONICS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Spintronics Symposium CY AUG 09-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Artificial spin ice; vertex model; nanomagnetism; magnetic soft X-ray transmission microscopy ID SPIN-ICE; TIME-DEPENDENCE; ENTROPY; MONOPOLES AB Artificial spin ices are often spoken of as being realisations of some of the celebrated vertex models of statistical mechanics, where the exact microstate of the system can be imaged using advanced magnetic microscopy methods. The fact that a stable image can be formed means that the system is in fact athermal and not undergoing the usual finite-temperature fluctuations of a statistical mechanical system. In this paper we report on the preparation of artificial spin ices with islands that are thermally fluctuating due to their very small size. The relaxation rate of these islands was determined using variable frequency focussed magneto-optic Kerr measurements. We performed magnetic imaging of artificial spin ice under varied temperature and magnetic field using X-ray transmission microscopy which uses X-ray magnetic circular dichroism to generate magnetic contrast. We have developed an on-membrane heater in order to apply temperatures in excess of 700 K and have shown increased dynamics due to higher temperature. Due to the 'photon-in, photon-out' method employed here, it is the first report where it is possible to image the microstates of an ASI system under the simultaneous application of temperature and magnetic field, enabling the determination of relaxation rates, coercivties, and the analysis of vertex population during reversal. C1 [Morley, Sophie A.; Hrabec, Ales; Shepley, Philippa M.; Marrows, Christopher H.] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Stein, Aaron] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11793 USA. [Rosamond, Mark C.] Univ Leeds, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Venero, Diego Alba; Langridge, Sean] STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Im, Mi-Young; Fischer, Peter] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Im, Mi-Young] Daegu Gyeongbuk Inst Sci & Technol, Daegu 711873, South Korea. [Fischer, Peter] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 94056 USA. [Bryan, Matthew T.; Allwood, Dan A.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. [Steadman, Paul] Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England. RP Marrows, CH (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM c.h.marrows@leeds.ac.uk RI Fischer, Peter/A-3020-2010 OI Fischer, Peter/0000-0002-9824-9343 NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-717-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9551 AR 95511Q DI 10.1117/12.2189320 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BE0BW UT WOS:000365744200009 ER PT S AU Abusnina, M Matin, M Moutinho, H Al-Jassim, M AF Abusnina, Mohamed Matin, Mohammad Moutinho, Helio Al-Jassim, Mowafak BE Eldada, LA Heben, MJ TI Characterization of Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films Prepared by the Sulfurization of Co-sputtered Metal Precursors SO THIN FILMS FOR SOLAR AND ENERGY TECHNOLOGY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thin Films for Solar and Energy Technology VII CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Cu2ZnSnS4; CZTS; Raman scattering; solar cells; sulfurization; thin films; X-ray diffraction AB In this work, we report on the synthesis and characterization of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films prepared by annealing of co-sputtered metal precursors in sulfur atmosphere. Radio-frequency magnetron sputtering was applied to deposit the metal layers from single metal targets on Mo-coated soda-lime glass substrates. The chemical composition of the precursors was controlled by varying the sputtering working power, resulting in films with various compositions. X-ray fluorescence was used to determine the elemental concentration of these metal films. The metal precursors were then converted into CZTS in a tube furnace using different sulfurization conditions to investigate the effect of the annealing process on the properties of the final CZTS films. Film structural characterization and phase identification results were supported by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Surface and cross-sectional film morphology was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For the sulfurized films, significant Sn loss was noticed. However, the loss of Sn was successfully controlled by depositing precursors with an excess of Sn. After optimizing the composition of the metal precursor, XRD and Raman scattering results revealed single-phase CZTS films without clear signs of secondary phases. SEM showed improved morphology in the form of dense structures and smooth surfaces for the films sulfurized at 600 degrees C. Our first solar cell, based on a CZTS film originating from a precursor sulfurized at 550 degrees C for 60 min, showed an open-circuit voltage of 471 mV, a short-circuit current density of 9.92 mA/cm(-2), a fill factor of 36.9%, and an efficiency of 1.72%. C1 [Abusnina, Mohamed; Matin, Mohammad] Univ Denver, Daniel Felix Ritchie Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Abusnina, Mohamed; Moutinho, Helio; Al-Jassim, Mowafak] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Abusnina, M (reprint author), Univ Denver, Daniel Felix Ritchie Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM mohamed.abusnina@du.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-727-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9561 AR 95610L DI 10.1117/12.2187315 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Optics GA BE0CA UT WOS:000365747500014 ER PT S AU Deceglie, MG Silverman, TJ Marion, B Kurtz, SR AF Deceglie, Michael G. Silverman, Timothy J. Marion, Bill Kurtz, Sarah R. BE Eldada, LA Heben, MJ TI Robust measurement of thin-film photovoltaic modules exhibiting light-induced transients SO THIN FILMS FOR SOLAR AND ENERGY TECHNOLOGY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thin Films for Solar and Energy Technology VII CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Photovoltaic; Solar; Testing; Metastability; Transient; Thin-film AB Light-induced changes to the current-voltage characteristic of thin-film photovoltaic modules (i.e. light-soaking effects) frustrate the repeatable measurement of their operating power. We describe best practices for mitigating, or stabilizing, light-soaking effects for both CdTe and CIGS modules to enable robust, repeatable, and relevant power measurements. We motivate the practices by detailing how modules react to changes in different stabilization methods. We also describe and demonstrate a method for validating alternative stabilization procedures, such as those relying on forward bias in the dark. Reliable measurements of module power are critical for qualification testing, reliability testing, and power rating. C1 [Deceglie, Michael G.; Silverman, Timothy J.; Marion, Bill; Kurtz, Sarah R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Deceglie, MG (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM michael.deceglie@nrel.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-727-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9561 AR 956108 DI 10.1117/12.2188827 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Optics GA BE0CA UT WOS:000365747500006 ER PT S AU Varley, JB He, XQ Mackie, N Rockett, AA Lordi, V AF Varley, Joel B. He, Xiaoqing Mackie, Neil Rockett, Angus A. Lordi, Vincenzo BE Eldada, LA Heben, MJ TI Cd-Zn-O-S alloys for optimal buffer layers in thin-film photovoltaics SO THIN FILMS FOR SOLAR AND ENERGY TECHNOLOGY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thin Films for Solar and Energy Technology VII CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE C1 [Varley, Joel B.; Lordi, Vincenzo] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [He, Xiaoqing; Rockett, Angus A.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Varley, JB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-727-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9561 AR 95610A DI 10.1117/12.2188373 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Optics GA BE0CA UT WOS:000365747500008 ER PT J AU Lyubinetsky, IV AF Lyubinetsky, I. V. TI KEY ROLE OF M.G. NAKHODKIN'S INSIGHT AND INSPIRATION IN DEVELOPMENT OF UHV STM-RELATED TECHNIQUES AND METHODS SO UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE surface; scanning tunneling microscopy ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE AB I briefly describe my joint efforts and experiences with M.G. Nakhodkin in the field of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), including a construction of home-built microscopes, the application of this technique in various scientific ende.vours, fruitful and enlightening discussions, and the collaboration on the international scale with M.G. Nakhodkin and members of his scientific group. Our co-operation was focused on the novel aspects of the preparation and the conditioning of STM probes, coupling the STM junction with laser irradiation, and STM-based nanolithography. C1 [Lyubinetsky, I. V.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lyubinetsky, IV (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM andreandy2000@gmail.com NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOGOLYUBOV INST THEORETICAL PHYSICS NATL ACAD SCI UKRAINE PI KIEV PA 14-B, METROLOHICHNA STR, KIEV, 03680, UKRAINE SN 2071-0186 EI 2071-0194 J9 UKR J PHYS JI Ukr. J. Phys. PY 2015 VL 60 IS 2 BP 160 EP 164 DI 10.15407/ujpe60.02.0160 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CX4EW UT WOS:000365652700009 ER PT J AU Morozovska, AN Obukhovskyi, VV Udod, OV Kalinin, SV Tselev, O AF Morozovska, A. N. Obukhovskyi, V. V. Udod, O. V. Kalinin, S. V. Tselev, O. TI ELECTROMIGRATION AND DIFFUSION RESEARCHES IN SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY OF SOLID ELECTROLYTES SO UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE electrochemical strain microscopy; Boltzmann-Planck-Nernst-Einstein approximation; drift-diffusion theory; Vegard's law ID SPACE-CHARGE; NANOSCALE; CONDUCTORS; TRANSPORT AB The local mechanico-electrochemical response of solid electrolytes has been simulated numerically and analyzed in the Boltzmann-Planck-Nernst-Einstein approximation with regard for the Vegard mechanism. The geometry of the problem is selected to be typical of electrochemical strain microscopy (ESM) experiments. The frequency spectra for various components of the electrolyte surface displacement and the ESM response depth are calculated, as well as the variations of donor concentrations. The corresponding comparative analysis is carried out. C1 [Morozovska, A. N.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Phys, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. [Obukhovskyi, V. V.] Taras Shevchenko Natl Univ Kyiv, Fac Radiophys, UA-03022 Kiev, Ukraine. [Udod, O. V.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, IM Frantsevych Inst Problems Mat Sci, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. [Kalinin, S. V.; Tselev, O.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Morozovska, AN (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Phys, 46 Nauka Ave, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. EM anna.n.morozovska@gmail.com OI Tselev, Alexander/0000-0002-0098-6696 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU BOGOLYUBOV INST THEORETICAL PHYSICS NATL ACAD SCI UKRAINE PI KIEV PA 14-B, METROLOHICHNA STR, KIEV, 03680, UKRAINE SN 2071-0186 EI 2071-0194 J9 UKR J PHYS JI Ukr. J. Phys. PY 2015 VL 60 IS 10 BP 1027 EP 1035 DI 10.15407/ujpe60.10.1027 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CX4NN UT WOS:000365677700005 ER PT S AU Heald, SM AF Heald, Steve M. BE Schnohr, CS Ridgway, MC TI Magnetic Ions in Group II-VI Semiconductors SO X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY OF SEMICONDUCTORS SE Springer Series in Optical Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID METAL-DOPED ZNO; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM; TERNARY ALLOYS; ZINC-OXIDE; FILMS; ORIGIN; MODEL; CU; SPINTRONICS AB The group II-VI materials include a number of technologically important systems ranging from IR detection materials (Hg1-xCdxTe), to X-ray detectors (Cd1-xZnxTe), and the versatile ZnO. With the advent of interest in magnetic semiconductors for possible spintronics application, doping the II-VI compounds with transition metals was seen as potential route to such materials. EXAFS and XANES have proven very useful in characterizing such materials. They can determine the location and valence of the dopants, and are sensitive to potential second phase formation. This chapter looks at the application of XAS methods to a variety of magnetically doped II-VI systems over the last 30 years. C1 [Heald, Steve M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Heald, SM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. EM heald@aps.anl.gov NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0342-4111 BN 978-3-662-44362-0; 978-3-662-44361-3 J9 SPRINGER SER OPT SCI PY 2015 VL 190 BP 339 EP 353 DI 10.1007/978-3-662-44362-0_16 D2 10.1007/978-3-662-44362-0 PG 15 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BD9AH UT WOS:000364504600017 ER PT S AU Haidar, A Luszczek, P Tomov, S Dongarra, J AF Haidar, Azzam Luszczek, Piotr Tomov, Stanimire Dongarra, Jack BE Dayde, M Marques, O Nakajima, K TI Heterogenous Acceleration for Linear Algebra in Multi-coprocessor Environments SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING FOR COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - VECPAR 2014 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on High Performance Computing for Computational Science (VECPAR) CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 2014 CL Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR SP Fujitsu Ltd, Intel, Rogue Wave Software, ParaTools HO Univ Oregon ID ARCHITECTURES AB We present an efficient and scalable programming model for the development of linear algebra in heterogeneous multi-coprocessor environments. The model incorporates some of the current best design and implementation practices for the heterogeneous acceleration of dense linear algebra (DLA). Examples are given as the basis for solving linear systems' algorithms - the LU, QR, and Cholesky factorizations. To generate the extreme level of parallelism needed for the efficient use of coprocessors, algorithms of interest are redesigned and then split into well-chosen computational tasks. The tasks execution is scheduled over the computational components of a hybrid system of multi-core CPUs and coprocessors using a light-weight runtime system. The use of lightweight runtime systems keeps scheduling overhead low, while enabling the expression of parallelism through otherwise sequential code. This simplifies the development efforts and allows the exploration of the unique strengths of the various hardware components. C1 [Haidar, Azzam; Luszczek, Piotr; Tomov, Stanimire; Dongarra, Jack] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Luszczek, P (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM luszczek@eecs.utk.edu NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-17353-5; 978-3-319-17352-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 8969 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-17353-5_3 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BD5SC UT WOS:000361760300003 ER PT J AU Lupascu, A Easter, R Zaveri, R Shrivastava, M Pekour, M Tomlinson, J Yang, Q Matsui, H Hodzic, A Zhang, Q Fast, JD AF Lupascu, A. Easter, R. Zaveri, R. Shrivastava, M. Pekour, M. Tomlinson, J. Yang, Q. Matsui, H. Hodzic, A. Zhang, Q. Fast, J. D. TI Modeling particle nucleation and growth over northern California during the 2010 CARES campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; PHASE FRAGMENTATION REACTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC SULFURIC-ACID; ION-MEDIATED NUCLEATION; LOW-VOLATILITY SOA; BIOGENIC EMISSIONS; CCN CONCENTRATIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS AB Accurate representation of the aerosol lifecycle requires adequate modeling of the particle number concentration and size distribution in addition to their mass, which is often the focus of aerosol modeling studies. This paper compares particle number concentrations and size distributions as predicted by three empirical nucleation parameterizations in the Weather Research and Forecast coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem) regional model using 20 discrete size bins ranging from 1 nm to 10 mu m. Two of the parameterizations are based on H2SO4, while one is based on both H2SO4 and organic vapors. Budget diagnostic terms for transport, dry deposition, emissions, condensational growth, nucleation, and coagulation of aerosol particles have been added to the model and are used to analyze the differences in how the new particle formation parameterizations influence the evolving aerosol size distribution. The simulations are evaluated using measurements collected at surface sites and from a research aircraft during the Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) conducted in the vicinity of Sacramento, California. While all three parameterizations captured the temporal variation of the size distribution during observed nucleation events as well as the spatial variability in aerosol number, all overestimated by up to a factor of 2.5 the total particle number concentration for particle diameters greater than 10 nm. Using the budget diagnostic terms, we demonstrate that the combined H2SO4 and low-volatility organic vapor parameterization leads to a different diurnal variability of new particle formation and growth to larger sizes compared to the parameterizations based on only H2SO4. At the CARES urban ground site, peak nucleation rates are predicted to occur around 12: 00 Pacific (local) standard time (PST) for the H2SO4 parameterizations, whereas the highest rates were predicted at 08: 00 and 16: 00 PST when low-volatility organic gases are included in the parameterization. This can be explained by higher anthropogenic emissions of organic vapors at these times as well as lower boundary-layer heights that reduce vertical mixing. The higher nucleation rates in the H2SO4-organic parameterization at these times were largely offset by losses due to coagulation. Despite the different budget terms for ultrafine particles, the 10-40 nm diameter particle number concentrations from all three parameterizations increased from 10: 00 to 14: 00 PST and then decreased later in the afternoon, consistent with changes in the observed size and number distribution. We found that newly formed particles could explain up to 20-30% of predicted cloud condensation nuclei at 0.5% supersaturation, depending on location and the specific nucleation parameterization. A sensitivity simulation using 12 discrete size bins ranging from 1 nm to 10 mu m diameter gave a reasonable estimate of particle number and size distribution compared to the 20 size bin simulation, while reducing the associated computational cost by similar to 36 %. C1 [Lupascu, A.; Easter, R.; Zaveri, R.; Shrivastava, M.; Pekour, M.; Tomlinson, J.; Yang, Q.; Fast, J. D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Matsui, H.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Matsui, H.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Geochem Cycle Res, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Hodzic, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Zhang, Q.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Fast, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jerome.fast@pnnl.gov RI Hodzic, Alma/C-3629-2009; Zaveri, Rahul/G-4076-2014 OI Zaveri, Rahul/0000-0001-9874-8807 FU US Department of Energy's (DOE); US NOAA's Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program [NA11OAR4310160] FX We thank the numerous scientists, pilots, and other staff that contributed to the data collection during CARES. CARES was supported by the US Department of Energy's (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) and Atmospheric System Research (ASR) programs. Funding for this research was provided by the US NOAA's Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program (NA11OAR4310160) and utilized resources provided by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Institutional Computing program. PNNL is operated for the US DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute. NR 100 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 21 BP 12283 EP 12313 DI 10.5194/acp-15-12283-2015 PG 31 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CW9OV UT WOS:000365329000010 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Abraham, R Chung, SH Avise, J Lamb, B Salathe, EP Nolte, CG Loughlin, D Guenther, A Wiedinmyer, C Duhl, T Zhang, Y Streets, DG AF Gonzalez-Abraham, R. Chung, S. H. Avise, J. Lamb, B. Salathe, E. P., Jr. Nolte, C. G. Loughlin, D. Guenther, A. Wiedinmyer, C. Duhl, T. Zhang, Y. Streets, D. G. TI The effects of global change upon United States air quality SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; SURFACE OZONE; NORTH-AMERICA; SIMULATING CHANGES; ISOPRENE EMISSION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; EASTERN US AB To understand more fully the effects of global changes on ambient concentrations of ozone and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) in the United States (US), we conducted a comprehensive modeling effort to evaluate explicitly the effects of changes in climate, biogenic emissions, land use and global/regional anthropogenic emissions on ozone and PM2.5 concentrations and composition. Results from the ECHAM5 global climate model driven with the A1B emission scenario from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) were downscaled using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to provide regional meteorological fields. We developed air quality simulations using the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) chemical transport model for two nested domains with 220 and 36 km horizontal grid cell resolution for a semi-hemispheric domain and a continental United States (US) domain, respectively. The semi-hemispheric domain was used to evaluate the impact of projected global emissions changes on US air quality. WRF meteorological fields were used to calculate current (2000s) and future (2050s) biogenic emissions using the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN). For the semi-hemispheric domain CMAQ simulations, present-day global emissions inventories were used and projected to the 2050s based on the IPCC A1B scenario. Regional anthropogenic emissions were obtained from the US Environmental Protection Agency National Emission Inventory 2002 (EPA NEI2002) and projected to the future using the MARKet ALlocation (MARKAL) energy system model assuming a business as usual scenario that extends current decade emission regulations through 2050. Our results suggest that daily maximum 8 h average ozone (DM8O) concentrations will increase in a range between 2 to 12 parts per billion (ppb) across most of the continental US. The highest increase occurs in the South, Central and Midwest regions of the US due to increases in temperature, enhanced biogenic emissions and changes in land use. The model predicts an average increase of 1-6 ppb in DM8O due to projected increase in global emissions of ozone precursors. The effects of these factors are only partially offset by reductions in DM8O associated with decreasing US anthropogenic emissions. lIncreases in PM2.5 levels between 4 and 10 mu g m(-3) in the Northeast, Southeast, Midwest and South regions are mostly a result of increase in primary anthropogenic particulate matter (PM), enhanced biogenic emissions and land use changes. Changes in boundary conditions shift the composition but do not alter overall simulated PM2.5 mass concentrations. C1 [Gonzalez-Abraham, R.; Chung, S. H.; Avise, J.; Lamb, B.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Avise, J.] Calif Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA USA. [Salathe, E. P., Jr.] Univ Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA USA. [Nolte, C. G.; Loughlin, D.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Guenther, A.; Wiedinmyer, C.; Duhl, T.; Zhang, Y.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Streets, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gonzalez-Abraham, R (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM arodrigo@pdx.edu RI Nolte, Christopher/H-4345-2012 OI Nolte, Christopher/0000-0001-5224-9965 FU US Environmental Protection Agency Science To Achieve Results grants [RD 83336901-0, 838309621-0] FX This work was supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency Science To Achieve Results grants RD 83336901-0 and 838309621-0. This paper has been cleared by the EPA's administrative review process and approved for publication. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 99 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 21 BP 12645 EP 12665 DI 10.5194/acp-15-12645-2015 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CW9OV UT WOS:000365329000028 ER PT J AU Elsaidi, SK Mohamed, MH Schaef, HT Kumar, A Lusi, M Pham, T Forrest, KA Space, B Xu, WQ Halder, GJ Liu, J Zaworotko, MJ Thallapally, PK AF Elsaidi, Sameh K. Mohamed, Mona H. Schaef, Herbert T. Kumar, Amrit Lusi, Matteo Pham, Tony Forrest, Katherine A. Space, Brian Xu, Wenqian Halder, Gregory J. Liu, Jun Zaworotko, Michael J. Thallapally, Praveen K. TI Hydrophobic pillared square grids for selective removal of CO2 from simulated flue gas (vol 51, pg 15530, 2015) SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Correction C1 [Elsaidi, Sameh K.; Mohamed, Mona H.] Univ Alexandria, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Alexandria 21321, Egypt. [Elsaidi, Sameh K.; Schaef, Herbert T.; Liu, Jun; Thallapally, Praveen K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Mohamed, Mona H.; Pham, Tony; Forrest, Katherine A.; Space, Brian; Zaworotko, Michael J.] Univ S Florida, Dept Chem, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Kumar, Amrit; Lusi, Matteo] Univ Limerick, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Limerick, Ireland. [Xu, Wenqian; Halder, Gregory J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zaworotko, MJ (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Chem, 4202 East Fowler Ave,CHE 205, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM praveen.thallapally@pnnl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2015 VL 51 IS 94 BP 16872 EP 16872 DI 10.1039/c5cc90503f PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CW5DA UT WOS:000365014400032 PM 26530600 ER PT J AU Pagano, JK Dorhout, JM Waterman, R Czerwinski, KR Kiplinger, JL AF Pagano, Justin K. Dorhout, Jacquelyn M. Waterman, Rory Czerwinski, Kenneth R. Kiplinger, Jaqueline L. TI Phenylsilane as a safe, versatile alternative to hydrogen for the synthesis of actinide hydrides SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ORGANO-METALLIC COMPOUNDS; TERMINAL ALKYNES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ORGANOACTINIDE COMPLEXES; MULTIELECTRON REDUCTANTS; URANIUM; BOROHYDRIDE; ISONITRILES; DERIVATIVES; ACTIVATION AB The thorium and uranium dihydride dimer complexes [(C5Me5)(2)-An(H)(mu-H)](2) (An = Th, U) have been easily prepared using phenylsilane, which is an efficient and safer alternative to hydrogen gas. The synthetic utility of this new hydriding method has been demonstrated by the preparation of a variety of organometallic complexes, including, for the first time, (C5Me5)(2)U(SMe)(2), (C5Me5) Th-2(C4Ph4), (C5Me5)(2)U(C4Ph4), (C5Me5)(2)ThS5, and (C5Me5)(2)U(bipy) using [(C5Me5)(2)An(H)(mu-H)](2) (An = Th, U) as multi-electron reductants. C1 [Pagano, Justin K.; Dorhout, Jacquelyn M.; Kiplinger, Jaqueline L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Pagano, Justin K.; Waterman, Rory] Univ Vermont, Dept Chem, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Dorhout, Jacquelyn M.; Czerwinski, Kenneth R.] Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Kiplinger, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Mail Stop J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kiplinger@lanl.gov RI Kiplinger, Jaqueline/B-9158-2011 OI Kiplinger, Jaqueline/0000-0003-0512-7062 FU U.S. Department of Energy through the Office of Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists, Office of Science Graduate Student Research (SCGSR) program (GRA Fellowship); LANL LDRD Program; LANL G. T. Seaborg Institute for Transactinium Science (GRA Fellowship); Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Heavy Element Chemistry program; U.S. Department of Homeland Security (GRA fellowship) [2012-DN-130-NF0001]; U.S. National Science Foundation [CHE-1265608]; DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23100]; National Nuclear Security Administration of U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX For financial support of this work, we acknowledge the U.S. Department of Energy through the Office of Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists, Office of Science Graduate Student Research (SCGSR) program (GRA Fellowship to J. K. P.), the LANL LDRD Program and the LANL G. T. Seaborg Institute for Transactinium Science (GRA Fellowship to J. M. D.), and the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Heavy Element Chemistry program (J. L. K., materials & supplies). We also acknowledge the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (GRA fellowship to J. M. D. under grant 2012-DN-130-NF0001) and the U.S. National Science Foundation (grant CHE-1265608 to R. W.). Finally, we thank Dr Nicholas E. Travia (LANL) for performing preliminary experiments and Dr Louis A. Silks III (LANL) for helpful discussions. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. The SCGSR program is administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education for the DOE (contract DE-AC05-06OR23100). Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of U.S. Department of Energy (contract DE-AC52-06NA25396). NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2015 VL 51 IS 98 BP 17379 EP 17381 DI 10.1039/c5cc06856h PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CX0QI UT WOS:000365401300004 PM 26490094 ER PT J AU Siman, P Trickett, CA Furukawa, H Yaghi, OM AF Siman, Peter Trickett, Christopher A. Furukawa, Hiroyasu Yaghi, Omar M. TI L-Aspartate links for stable sodium metal-organic frameworks SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE; EARTH METAL; ADSORPTION; ALKALI; CO2; CHEMISTRY; NETWORKS; DESIGN; LIGAND; ACID AB Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based purely on sodium are rare, typically due to large numbers of coordinating solvent ligands. We designed a tetratopic aspartate-based linker with flexible carboxylate groups to enhance framework stability. We report two new air-stable sodium MOFs, MOF-705 and MOF-706, comprising 2D sodium oxide sheets. C1 [Siman, Peter; Trickett, Christopher A.; Furukawa, Hiroyasu; Yaghi, Omar M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Siman, Peter; Trickett, Christopher A.; Furukawa, Hiroyasu; Yaghi, Omar M.] Kavli Energy NanoSci Inst Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Furukawa, Hiroyasu; Yaghi, Omar M.] King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals, Dhahran 34464, Saudi Arabia. RP Yaghi, OM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yaghi@berkeley.edu RI Furukawa, Hiroyasu/C-5910-2008; OI Furukawa, Hiroyasu/0000-0002-6082-1738; Yaghi, Omar/0000-0002-5611-3325 FU BASF SE (Ludwigshafen, Germany); Center for Gas Separations Relevant to Clean Energy Technologies; Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC) - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001015]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Israel Ministry of Science and Technology FX In this work, the synthesis was funded by BASF SE (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Funding pertaining to the gas adsorption and breakthrough measurements was provided by the Center for Gas Separations Relevant to Clean Energy Technologies, and Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC) funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under award DE-SC0001015. Work performed at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NMR measurements were performed at the Molecular Foundry as a user project, which was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We acknowledge B. Rungtaweevoranit and Dr K. Choi (Yaghi group) for their assistance with electron microscopy, and Dr P. Urban and E. Kapustin (Yaghi group), Dr K. Gagnon and Dr S. Teat (ALS) for valuable feedback on the crystal structure refinements. P. S. gratefully acknowledges the Israel Ministry of Science and Technology for the financial support. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 52 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2015 VL 51 IS 98 BP 17463 EP 17466 DI 10.1039/c5cc07578e PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CX0QI UT WOS:000365401300026 PM 26473175 ER PT J AU Davies, JF Wilson, KR AF Davies, James F. Wilson, Kevin R. TI Nanoscale interfacial gradients formed by the reactive uptake of OH radicals onto viscous aerosol surfaces SO CHEMICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; INITIATED HETEROGENEOUS OXIDATION; SITU CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; TIME-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; HYGROSCOPIC PROPERTIES; GLASSY AEROSOL; PARTICLES; WATER; MODEL AB A key but poorly understood chemical process is how gas phase uptake is governed by the relative mobility of molecules at an interface of an atmospheric aerosol. Citric acid (CA), a model system for oxygenated organic aerosol, is used to examine how changes in viscosity, due to changing water content, govern the reactive uptake of gas phase hydroxyl radicals (OH). By comparing the reaction kinetics measured when probing the outer aerosol surface layers with measurements of the bulk particle composition, the effective OH reaction probability is observed to be a complex and non-linear function of the relative humidity (RH). At RH < 50%, the reactive decay of CA is controlled by the viscosity of the particle, where the depletion of CA and the formation of reaction products occurs over a narrow region near the aerosol interface, on the order of 8 nm at 20% RH. At RH = 50% the reaction zone increases to the particle dimensions (i.e. similar to 50 nm) and at RH > 50%, the aerosol becomes aqueous and well-mixed on the timescale of the heterogeneous reaction. These results imply that in the atmosphere, the formation and dissipation of interfacial chemical gradients could be significant in viscous and semisolid aerosol and play important roles altering gas-particle partitioning and aging mechanisms (i.e. bulk vs. interface). C1 [Davies, James F.; Wilson, Kevin R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wilson, KR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM KRWilson@lbl.gov RI Davies, James/G-1113-2015 OI Davies, James/0000-0002-7415-3638 FU Department of Energy's Office of Science Early Career Research Program; Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work is supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Science Early Career Research Program and by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2041-6520 EI 2041-6539 J9 CHEM SCI JI Chem. Sci. PY 2015 VL 6 IS 12 BP 7020 EP 7027 DI 10.1039/c5sc02326b PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CW8BY UT WOS:000365225300040 ER PT J AU Guan, XY Chaffey, PK Zeng, C Greene, ER Chen, LQ Drake, MR Chen, C Groobman, A Resch, MG Himmel, ME Beckham, GT Tan, ZP AF Guan, Xiaoyang Chaffey, Patrick K. Zeng, Chen Greene, Eric R. Chen, Liqun Drake, Matthew R. Chen, Claire Groobman, Ari Resch, Michael G. Himmel, Michael E. Beckham, Gregg T. Tan, Zhongping TI Molecular-scale features that govern the effects of O-glycosylation on a carbohydrate-binding module SO CHEMICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-SYNTHESIS; N-GLYCOSYLATION; IGG FC; STABILITY; CELLULOSE; GLYCOPROTEINS; SPECIFICITY; PROTEINS; AFFINITY; GLYCAN AB Protein glycosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification in all kingdoms of life. Despite its importance in molecular and cellular biology, the molecular-level ramifications of O-glycosylation on biomolecular structure and function remain elusive. Here, we took a small model glycoprotein and changed the glycan structure and size, amino acid residues near the glycosylation site, and glycosidic linkage while monitoring any corresponding changes to physical stability and cellulose binding affinity. The results of this study reveal the collective importance of all the studied features in controlling the most pronounced effects of O-glycosylation in this system. Going forward, this study suggests the possibility of designing proteins with multiple improved properties by simultaneously varying the structures of O-glycans and amino acids local to the glycosylation site. C1 [Guan, Xiaoyang; Chaffey, Patrick K.; Zeng, Chen; Greene, Eric R.; Chen, Liqun; Drake, Matthew R.; Chen, Claire; Groobman, Ari; Tan, Zhongping] Univ Colorado, BioFrontiers Inst, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Resch, Michael G.; Beckham, Gregg T.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Himmel, Michael E.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Beckham, GT (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM gregg.beckham@nrel.gov; zhongping.tan@colorado.edu FU University of Colorado Boulder; Butcher Seed Grant; National Science Foundation [CHE-1454925]; US Department of Energy BioEnergy Technologies Office FX We would like to thank the University of Colorado Boulder, the Butcher Seed Grant, the National Science Foundation under CHE-1454925, and the US Department of Energy BioEnergy Technologies Office for their support during the course of this study. We thank Hugh O'Neil from the Biofuels Science Focus Area at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for the bacterial cellulose used in this study. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2041-6520 EI 2041-6539 J9 CHEM SCI JI Chem. Sci. PY 2015 VL 6 IS 12 BP 7185 EP 7189 DI 10.1039/c5sc02636a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CW8BY UT WOS:000365225300060 ER PT J AU Xin, J Zhang, GH Deng, Y Zhang, H Lei, AW AF Xin, Jie Zhang, Guanghui Deng, Yi Zhang, Heng Lei, Aiwen TI Which one is faster? A kinetic investigation of Pd and Ni catalyzed Negishi-type oxidative coupling reactions SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; REDUCTIVE ELIMINATION; PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES; CARBON-CARBON; COMPLEXES; LIGAND; MECHANISM; TRANSMETALATION; METHODOLOGY; INSIGHTS AB The difference between Pd and Ni has been investigated based on the Negishi-type oxidative coupling reactions in which reductive elimination was proved to be the rate determining step. Although DFT calculations illustrate that the Pd catalyzed reaction should be faster than the Ni catalyzed reaction under these conditions, kinetic experiments indicate that the reaction rate of Pd and Ni is dependent on the concentration of the catalyst precursor. The Pd catalyzed reaction is faster than the Ni catalyzed reaction only when the precursor concentration is as low as 1 x 10(-7) M. C1 [Xin, Jie; Zhang, Guanghui; Deng, Yi; Zhang, Heng; Lei, Aiwen] Wuhan Univ, Inst Adv Studies, Coll Chem & Mol Sci, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Guanghui; Deng, Yi; Lei, Aiwen] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lei, Aiwen] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Organ Chem, State Key Lab Organometall Chem, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Wuhan Univ, Inst Adv Studies, Coll Chem & Mol Sci, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China. EM aiwenlei@whu.edu.cn RI Zhang, Guanghui/C-4747-2008 OI Zhang, Guanghui/0000-0002-5854-6909 FU 973 Program [2012CB725302]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [21390400, 21520102003, 21272180, 21302148]; Hubei Province Natural Science Foundation of China [2013CFA081]; Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China [20120141130002]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2012YQ120060]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Department of Energy; MRCAT member institutions; Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory FX This work was supported by the 973 Program (2012CB725302), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21390400, 21520102003, 21272180, and 21302148), the Hubei Province Natural Science Foundation of China (2013CFA081), the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20120141130002), and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2012YQ120060). The Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities of China (111 Program) is also appreciated.; The use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. MRCAT operations are supported by the Department of Energy and the MRCAT member institutions. This work was also funded by the Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 31 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 EI 1477-9234 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2015 VL 44 IS 46 BP 19777 EP 19781 DI 10.1039/c5dt03386a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA CX0QQ UT WOS:000365402100006 PM 26536236 ER PT J AU Powell, DM Fu, R Horowitz, K Basore, PA Woodhouse, M Buonassisi, T AF Powell, Douglas M. Fu, Ran Horowitz, Kelsey Basore, Paul A. Woodhouse, Michael Buonassisi, Tonio TI The capital intensity of photovoltaics manufacturing: barrier to scale and opportunity for innovation SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLINE SILICON PHOTOVOLTAICS; SOLAR-CELLS; COST; SI; REDUCTIONS AB Using a bottom-up cost model, we assess the impact of initial factory capital expenditure (capex) on photovoltaic (PV) module minimum sustainable price (MSP) and industry-wide trends. We find capex to have two important impacts on PV manufacturing. First, capex strongly influences the per-unit MSP of a c-Si module: we calculate that the capex-related elements sum to 22% of MSP for an integrated wafer, cell, and module manufacturer. This fraction provides a significant opportunity to reduce MSP toward the U.S. DOE SunShot module price target through capex innovation. Second, a combination of high capex and low margins leads to a poor financial rate of return, which limits the growth rate of PV module manufacturing capacity. We quantify the capex of Czochralski-based crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV manufacturing, summing to 0.68 $/W-aCap ($ per annual production capacity in watts, $year/W) from wafer to module and 1.01 $/W-aCap from polysilicon to module. At a sustainable operating margin determined by the MSP methodology for our bottom-up scenario, we calculate the sustainable growth rate of PV manufacturing capacity to be similar to 19% annually - below the historical trend of similar to 50% annually. We conclude with a discussion of innovation opportunities to reduce the capex of PV manufacturing through both incremental and disruptive process innovation with c-Si, platform innovations, and financial approaches. C1 [Powell, Douglas M.; Buonassisi, Tonio] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Fu, Ran; Horowitz, Kelsey; Basore, Paul A.; Woodhouse, Michael] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Strateg Energy Anal Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Powell, DM (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM dmpowell@alum.mit.edu; michael.woodhouse@nrel.gov; buonassisi@mit.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF); Department of Energy (DOE) under NSF CA [EEC-1041895] FX In alphabetical order, we thank Austin Akey, Harry Atwater, Donald Chung, Karlynn Cory, Al Goodrich, Craig Hunter, Shaffiq Jaffer, Sriram Krishnan, Craig Lund, I. Marius Peters, Doug Rose, Jason Rugolo, Hans Peter Schaefer, Lidija Sekaric, BJ Stanberry, Dick Swanson, Libby Wayman, Greg Wilson, and Eli Yablonovitch for insightful discussions. This work was self-funded, and funded in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Department of Energy (DOE) under NSF CA No. EEC-1041895 (MIT). NR 74 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 33 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 EI 1754-5706 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 12 BP 3395 EP 3408 DI 10.1039/c5ee01509j PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CX0UK UT WOS:000365412300001 ER PT J AU Tang, WS Unemoto, A Zhou, W Stavila, V Matsuo, M Wu, H Orimo, S Udovic, TJ AF Tang, Wan Si Unemoto, Atsushi Zhou, Wei Stavila, Vitalie Matsuo, Motoaki Wu, Hui Orimo, Shin-ichi Udovic, Terrence J. TI Unparalleled lithium and sodium superionic conduction in solid electrolytes with large monovalent cage-like anions SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLASS-CERAMIC ELECTROLYTES; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ATOMIC MOTION; BATTERIES; LI2B12H12; NA2B12H12; CATION AB Solid electrolytes with sufficiently high conductivities and stabilities are the elusive answer to the inherent shortcomings of organic liquid electrolytes prevalent in today's rechargeable batteries. We recently revealed a novel fast-ion-conducting sodium salt, Na2B12H12, which contains large, icosahedral, divalent B12H122- anions that enable impressive superionic conductivity, albeit only above its 529 K phase transition. Its lithium congener, Li2B12H12, possesses an even more technologically prohibitive transition temperature above 600 K. Here we show that the chemically related LiCB11H12 and NaCB11H12 salts, which contain icosahedral, monovalent CB11H12- anions, both exhibit much lower transition temperatures near 400 K and 380 K, respectively, and truly stellar ionic conductivities (>0.1 S cm(-1)) unmatched by any other known polycrystalline materials at these temperatures. With proper modifications, we are confident that room-temperature-stabilized superionic salts incorporating such large polyhedral anion building blocks are attainable, thus enhancing their future prospects as practical electrolyte materials in next-generation, all-solid-state batteries. C1 [Tang, Wan Si; Zhou, Wei; Wu, Hui; Udovic, Terrence J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tang, Wan Si] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Unemoto, Atsushi; Orimo, Shin-ichi] Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Stavila, Vitalie] Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Nanomat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Orimo, Shin-ichi] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Tang, WS (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wansi.tang@nist.gov; orimo@imr.tohoku.ac.jp; udovic@nist.gov RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; ORIMO, Shin-ichi/A-4971-2011; Unemoto, Atsushi/D-3051-2013 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; ORIMO, Shin-ichi/0000-0002-4216-0446; FU DOE EERE [DE-EE0002978]; Integrated Materials Research Center for the Low-Carbon Society (LC-IMR), Tohoku University; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); JSPS [25220911, 26820311]; NSF [DMR-0944772] FX This work was performed, in part, in collaboration between members of IEA HIA Task 32-Hydrogen-based Energy Storage. The authors gratefully acknowledge support from DOE EERE through Grant No. DE-EE0002978; the Integrated Materials Research Center for the Low-Carbon Society (LC-IMR), Tohoku University; the Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program (ALCA) from the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); and JSPS KAKENHI under Grant Nos. 25220911 and 26820311. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. The authors thank J. B. Leao for his technical assistance with the elevated-temperature XRPD measurements. NR 50 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 18 U2 68 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 EI 1754-5706 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 12 BP 3637 EP 3645 DI 10.1039/c5ee02941d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CX0UK UT WOS:000365412300021 PM 26955398 ER PT J AU Muhich, CL Ehrhart, BD Witte, VA Miller, SL Coker, EN Musgrave, CB Weimer, AW AF Muhich, Christopher L. Ehrhart, Brian D. Witte, Vanessa A. Miller, Samantha L. Coker, Eric N. Musgrave, Charles B. Weimer, Alan W. TI Predicting the solar thermochemical water splitting ability and reaction mechanism of metal oxides: a case study of the hercynite family of water splitting cycles SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; ZN/ZNO REDOX REACTIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; FUEL PRODUCTION; CO PRODUCTION; H-2; OXYGEN; H2O AB A screening method is developed to determine the viability of candidate redox materials to drive solar thermal water splitting (STWS) and the mechanism by which they operate using only the reduction enthalpy of the material. This method is applied to the doped-hercynite water splitting cycle, as well as FeAl2O4 and CoAl2O4, materials which have not been previously experimentally demonstrated for STWS. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of reduction energies coupled with our screening method predict H-2 production capacities for iron and cobalt aluminate spinels to be in the order FeAl2O4 > Co0.5Fe0.5Al2O4 > CoAl2O4 with relative H-2 production capacity ratios of approximately 1.0 to 0.7 to 2 x 10(-4), respectively. Experimental measurements for 1500/1350 degrees C redox temperatures validate the H-2 production capacity predicted by the screening method by demonstrating H-2 production ratios of 1.0 to 0.6 to 0. Un-doped hercynite (FeAl2O4) is shown to be a viable STWS material for the first time with a higher H-2 production capacity than traditional doped-hercynite materials. Theory and experiments show that redox of the aluminate family of spinel materials operates via an O-vacancy mechanism rather than a stoichiometric one, which is more typical for ferrites. The screening approach is generally useful for predicting the ability of new complex materials to drive STWS and the mechanism by which they operate, thus, providing a method to identify promising new candidate STWS materials. C1 [Muhich, Christopher L.; Ehrhart, Brian D.; Witte, Vanessa A.; Miller, Samantha L.; Musgrave, Charles B.; Weimer, Alan W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Coker, Eric N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Musgrave, Charles B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Muhich, CL (reprint author), ETH, Dept Mech & Proc Engn, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM Charles.Musgrave@colorado.edu; Alan.Weimer@colorado.edu RI Ehrhart, Brian/B-9432-2014 OI Ehrhart, Brian/0000-0002-7420-2540 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0966201, CBET-1433521]; U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office [DE-EE0006671]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Department of Education; Sustainable Energy Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN) Fellowship; NSF [CNS-0821794]; University of Colorado Boulder FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy for sponsoring this research. The work was supported through the National Science Foundation via Grants CBET-0966201 and CBET-1433521 and by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office under Award Number DE-EE0006671. This work was a collaboration between the University of Colorado Boulder and Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. CLM and BDE would like to thank the Department of Education for support through a Renewable and Sustainable Energy Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN) Fellowship. This work utilized the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the NSF (award number CNS-0821794) and the University of Colorado Boulder. The Janus supercomputer is a joint effort of the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. We would like to thank A. H. McDaniel for his valuable suggestions and contributions to this work. We thank M. A. Rodriguez and J. Griego (Sandia National Laboratories) for assistance with the HT-XRD measurements. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 39 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 EI 1754-5706 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 12 BP 3687 EP 3699 DI 10.1039/c5ee01979f PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CX0UK UT WOS:000365412300026 ER PT J AU Canepa, P Jayaraman, S Cheng, L Rajput, NN Richards, WD Gautam, GS Curtiss, LA Persson, KA Ceder, G AF Canepa, Pieremanuele Jayaraman, Saivenkataraman Cheng, Lei Rajput, Nav Nidhi Richards, William D. Gautam, Gopalakrishnan Sai Curtiss, Larry A. Persson, Kristin A. Ceder, Gerbrand TI Elucidating the structure of the magnesium aluminum chloride complex electrolyte for magnesium-ion batteries SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RECHARGEABLE MG BATTERIES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; NONAQUEOUS ELECTROCHEMISTRY; DEPOSITION; CHALLENGE; STABILITY; LIQUIDS; WINDOWS; STORAGE; MODEL AB Non-aqueous Mg-ion batteries offer a promising way to overcome safety, costs, and energy density limitations of state-of-the-art Li-ion battery technology. We present a rigorous analysis of the magnesium aluminum chloride complex (MACC) in tetrahydrofuran (THF), one of the few electrolytes that can reversibly plate and strip Mg. We use ab initio calculations and classical molecular dynamics simulations to interrogate the MACC electrolyte composition with the goal of addressing two urgent questions that have puzzled battery researchers: (i) the functional species of the electrolyte, and (ii) the complex equilibria regulating the MACC speciation after prolonged electrochemical cycling, a process termed as conditioning, and after prolonged inactivity, a process called aging. A general computational strategy to untangle the complex structure of electrolytes, ionic liquids and other liquid media is presented. The analysis of formation energies and grand-potential phase diagrams of Mg-Al-Cl-THF suggests that the MACC electrolyte bears a simple chemical structure with few simple constituents, namely the electro-active species MgCl+ and AlCl4- in equilibrium with MgCl2 and AlCl3. Knowledge of the stable species of the MACC electrolyte allows us to determine the most important equilibria occurring during electrochemical cycling. We observe that Al deposition is always preferred to Mg deposition, explaining why freshly synthesized MACC cannot operate and needs to undergo preparatory conditioning. Similarly, we suggest that aluminum displacement and depletion from the solution upon electrolyte resting (along with continuous MgCl2 regeneration) represents one of the causes of electrolyte aging. Finally, we compute the NMR shifts from shielding tensors of selected molecules and ions providing fingerprints to guide future experimental investigations. C1 [Canepa, Pieremanuele; Jayaraman, Saivenkataraman; Richards, William D.; Gautam, Gopalakrishnan Sai] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Canepa, Pieremanuele; Gautam, Gopalakrishnan Sai; Ceder, Gerbrand] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cheng, Lei; Curtiss, Larry A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rajput, Nav Nidhi; Persson, Kristin A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ceder, Gerbrand] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Canepa, P (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM pcanepa@mit.edu; gceder@lbl.gov RI Canepa, Pieremanuele/O-2344-2013; OI Canepa, Pieremanuele/0000-0002-5168-9253; Sai Gautam, Gopalakrishnan/0000-0002-1303-0976 FU Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR); Energy Innovation Hub - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Basic Energy Sciences; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC); Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; [3F-31144] FX This work was fully supported as part of the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), an Energy Innovation Hub funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Basic Energy Sciences. This study was supported by Subcontract 3F-31144. We also thank the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, for providing computing resources. PC and SJ are thankful to Dr Xiaohui Qu at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for numerous suggestions. All authors are also indebted to Dr Kevin R. Zavadil at Sandia National Lab, Dr Christopher Barile and Prof. Andrew Gewirth at University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign for stimulating discussions. NR 55 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 33 U2 84 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 EI 1754-5706 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PY 2015 VL 8 IS 12 BP 3718 EP 3730 DI 10.1039/c5ee02340h PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CX0UK UT WOS:000365412300029 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Malmirchegini, GR Clubb, RT Loo, JA AF Zhang, Jiang Malmirchegini, G. Reza Clubb, Robert T. Loo, Joseph A. TI Native top-down mass spectrometry for the structural characterization of human hemoglobin SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE native mass spectrometry; electron-capture dissociation; protein complex; gas-phase structure; binding interface; hemoglobin ID ELECTRON-CAPTURE DISSOCIATION; PROTEIN-INTERACTION NETWORK; LIGAND-BINDING-SITES; CARDIAC TROPONIN-I; HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; INTERACTOME NETWORK; INTERACTION MAP; GAS-PHASE; C-ELEGANS AB Native mass spectrometry (MS) has become an invaluable tool for the characterization of proteins and noncovalent protein complexes under near physiological solution conditions. Here we report the structural characterization of human hemoglobin (Hb), a 64 kDa oxygentransporting protein complex, by high-resolution native top-down MS using electrospray ionization and a 15-Tesla Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. Native MS preserves the noncovalent interactions between the globin subunits, and electroncapture dissociation (ECD) produces fragments directly from the intact Hb complex without dissociating the subunits. Using activated ion ECD, we observe the gradual unfolding process of the Hb complex in the gas phase. Without protein ion activation, the native Hb shows very limited ECD fragmentation from the N-termini, suggesting a tightly packed structure of the native complex and therefore a low fragmentation efficiency. Precursor ion activation allows a steady increase in N-terminal fragment ions, while the C-terminal fragments remain limited (38 c ions and four z ions on the alpha chain; 36 c ions and two z ions on the beta chain). This ECD fragmentation pattern suggests that, upon activation, the Hb complex starts to unfold from the N-termini of both subunits, whereas the C-terminal regions and therefore the potential regions involved in the subunit binding interactions remain intact. ECD-MS of the Hb dimer shows similar fragmentation patterns as the Hb tetramer, providing further evidence for the hypothesized unfolding process of the Hb complex in the gas phase. Native top-down ECD-MS allows efficient probing of the Hb complex structure and subunit binding interactions in the gas phase. It may provide a fast and effective means to probe the structure of novel protein complexes that are intractable to traditional-structural characterization tools. C1 [Zhang, Jiang; Malmirchegini, G. Reza; Clubb, Robert T.; Loo, Joseph A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Loo, Joseph A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Clubb, Robert T.; Loo, Joseph A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, UCLA DOE Inst Genom & Prote, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Loo, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM JLoo@chem.ucla.edu FU US National Institutes of Health [R01 GM103479, S10 RR028893, R01 AI52217]; US Department of Energy (UCLA Institute of Genomics and Proteomics) [DE-FC03-02ER63421] FX Support from the US National Institutes of Health (R01 GM103479 and S10 RR028893 to J.A.L.; R01 AI52217 to R.T.C.) and the US Department of Energy (UCLA Institute of Genomics and Proteomics; DE-FC03-02ER63421) is acknowledged. We are grateful for additional helpful comments from Dr. Huilin Li and Piriya Wongkongkathep (UCLA). NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 14 PU IM PUBLICATIONS PI W SUSSEX PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER,, W SUSSEX PO18 0HY, ENGLAND SN 1469-0667 EI 1751-6838 J9 EUR J MASS SPECTROM JI Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. PY 2015 VL 21 IS 3 SI SI BP 221 EP 231 DI 10.1255/ejms.1340 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA CW2MK UT WOS:000364826200015 PM 26307702 ER PT J AU Cai, Y Zheng, QL Liu, Y Helmy, R Loo, JA Chen, H AF Cai, Yi Zheng, Qiuling Liu, Yong Helmy, Roy Loo, Joseph A. Chen, Hao TI Integration of electrochemistry with ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE DESI-MS; UPLC; electrochemistry; disulfide-bond reduction; protein; supercharging ID DESORPTION ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; DISULFIDE-CONTAINING PROTEINS; ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TRANSFER DISSOCIATION; BOND-CLEAVAGE; LINKED PEPTIDES; METAL-COMPLEXES; MS; FRAGMENTATION AB This study presents the development of ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) mass spectrometry (MS) combined with electrochemistry (EC) for the first time and its application for the structural analysis of proteins/peptides that contain disulfide bonds. In our approach, a protein/peptide mixture sample undergoes a fast UPLC separation and subsequent electrochemical reduction in an electrochemical flow cell followed by online MS and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses. The electrochemical cell is coupled to the mass spectrometer using our recently developed desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) interface. Using this UPLC/EC/DESI-MS method, peptides that contain disulfide bonds can be differentiated from those without disulfide bonds, as the former are electroactive and reducible. MS/MS analysis of the disulfide-reduced peptide ions provides increased information on the sequence and disulfide-linkage pattern. In a reactive DESI-MS detection experiment in which a supercharging reagent was used to dope the DESI spray solvent, increased charging was obtained for the UPLC-separated proteins. Strikingly, upon online electrolytic reduction, supercharged proteins (e.g., alpha-lactalbumin) showed even higher charging, which will be useful in top-down protein structure MS analysis as increased charges are known to promote protein ion dissociation. Also, the separation speed and sensitivity are enhanced by approximately 1 similar to 2 orders of magnitude by using UPLC for the liquid chromatography (LC)/EC/MS platform, in comparison to the previously used high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This UPLC/EC/DESI-MS method combines the power of fast UPLC separation, fast electrochemical conversion, and online MS structural analysis for a potentially valuable tool for proteomics research and bioanalysis. C1 [Cai, Yi; Zheng, Qiuling; Chen, Hao] Ohio Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Edison Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Intelligent Chem Instrumentat, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Liu, Yong; Helmy, Roy] Merck & Co Inc, Merck Res Labs, Dept Proc & Analyt Chem, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA. [Loo, Joseph A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Loo, Joseph A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Genom & Prote, DOE, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Cai, Y (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Edison Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Intelligent Chem Instrumentat, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM chenh2@ohio.edu FU NSF Career Award [CHE-1149367]; NSF IDBR [CHE-145554]; NNSFC [21328502]; Merck New Technology Research Licensing Committee (NTRLC) Fund; Ohio Third Frontier Technology Validation and Start-Up Fund; National Institutes of Health [R01GM103479] FX This work was supported by an NSF Career Award (CHE-1149367), NSF IDBR (CHE-145554), NNSFC (21328502), Merck New Technology Research Licensing Committee (NTRLC) Fund, and the Ohio Third Frontier Technology Validation and Start-Up Fund to H.C. J.A.L. acknowledges support from the National Institutes of Health (R01GM103479). NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 16 PU IM PUBLICATIONS PI W SUSSEX PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER,, W SUSSEX PO18 0HY, ENGLAND SN 1469-0667 EI 1751-6838 J9 EUR J MASS SPECTROM JI Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. PY 2015 VL 21 IS 3 SI SI BP 341 EP 351 DI 10.1255/ejms.1318 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA CW2MK UT WOS:000364826200028 PM 26307715 ER PT J AU Laskin, J AF Laskin, Julia TI Surface-induced dissociation: a unique tool for studying energetics and kinetics of the gas-phase fragmentation of large ions SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE surface-induced dissociation; RRKM modeling; threshold energy; activation entropy; peptides; noncovalent complexes ID PEPTIDE RADICAL CATIONS; INFRARED RADIATIVE DISSOCIATION; FT-ICR MS; COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; ELECTRON-CAPTURE DISSOCIATION; OFF-RESONANCE EXCITATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ENERGY-TRANSFER; PROTONATED PEPTIDES; VANCOMYCIN ANTIBIOTICS AB Surface-induced dissociation (SID) is a valuable tool for investigating the activation and dissociation of large ions in tandem mass spectrometry. This account summarizes key findings from studies of the energetics and mechanisms of complex ion dissociation in which SID experiments were combined with Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus modeling of the experimental data. These studies used time-and collision-energy-resolved SID experiments and SID combined with resonant ejection of selected fragment ions on a specially designed Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer. Fast-ion activation by collision with a surface combined with the long and variable timescale of FT-ICR mass spectrometry is perfectly suited to studying the energetics and dynamics of complex ion dissociation in the gas phase. Modeling of time-and collision-energy-resolved SID enables the accurate determination of energy and entropy effects in the dissociation process. It has been demonstrated that entropy effects play an important role in determining the dissociation rates of both covalent and noncovalent bonds in large gaseous ions. SID studies have provided important insights on the competition between charge-directed and charge-remote fragmentation in even-electron peptide ions and the role of the charge and radical site on the energetics of the dissociation of odd-electron peptide ions. Furthermore, this work examined factors that affect the strength of noncovalent binding, as well as the competition between covalent and noncovalent bond cleavages and between proton and electron transfer in model systems. Finally, SID studies have been used to understand the factors affecting nucleation and growth of clusters in solution and in the gas phase. C1 [Laskin, Julia] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Phys Sci, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Laskin, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Phys Sci, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Julia.Laskin@pnnl.gov RI Laskin, Julia/H-9974-2012 OI Laskin, Julia/0000-0002-4533-9644 FU US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences Biosciences; DoE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX Ongoing research involving ion-surface collisions in MS is supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences. I thank all of the students, postdoctoral fellows, and colleagues who contributed to development of the research area described in this perspective article. I also thank Professors Graham Cooks, Bill Hase, Richard O'Hair, Murray Johnston, Ivan Chu, Doug Ridge, and Vicki Wysocki, and Doctors Grant Johnson and Jean Futrell for helpful discussions and continued collaboration. SID experiments were performed using the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the DoE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by Battelle for the DOE under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU IM PUBLICATIONS PI W SUSSEX PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER,, W SUSSEX PO18 0HY, ENGLAND SN 1469-0667 EI 1751-6838 J9 EUR J MASS SPECTROM JI Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. PY 2015 VL 21 IS 3 SI SI BP 377 EP 389 DI 10.1255/ejms.1358 PG 13 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA CW2MK UT WOS:000364826200032 PM 26307719 ER PT S AU Martinez, N Chambers, J Gegel, M Schmierer, E Scheinker, A AF Martinez, Nicholas Chambers, Jermaine Gegel, Michelle Schmierer, Eric Scheinker, Alex BE DeClerck, J TI Drill Vibration Suppression Through Phase-Locked Loop Control SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES, ROTATING MACHINERY, AND ACOUSTICS, VOL 8 SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IMAC Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics CY FEB 02-05, 2015 CL Orlando, FL SP IMAC, Soc Experimental Mech DE Drilling dynamics; Phase-locked loop; Vibration suppression; Extremum-seeking function; Adaptive control AB The drilling process produces vibrations that have adverse effects in a variety of applications, including precision machining, dental procedures, oil string operations, and explosives neutralization. This research seeks to prototype a rotating drill that actively suppresses the vibrations transmitted to the drilling target. The dynamics of the uncontrolled drilling system are first modeled in the axial direction of the drill tool. Then a phase-locked loop control is proposed which, along with sensors and actuators, serves to reduce vibrations during the drilling process by directly applying a forcing function out of phase with the excitation. To achieve versatility in application, the controller design includes adaptive capabilities such that, throughout a drilling process, the control system will measure the modal frequencies and adjust accordingly. The results of this study can lead to the production of drilling devices that minimally disturb the drilled object and produce superior surface finish. C1 [Martinez, Nicholas] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Chambers, Jermaine] Prairie View A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. [Gegel, Michelle] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Schmierer, Eric] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Engn & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Scheinker, Alex] Los Alamos Natl Lab, RF Engn, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schmierer, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Engn & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM schmierer@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-15236-3; 978-3-319-15235-6 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2015 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-15236-3_2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BD9OK UT WOS:000364992100002 ER PT S AU Collins, M Gluck, KA Jastrzembski, TS AF Collins, Michael Gluck, Kevin A. Jastrzembski, Tiffany S. BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI DataShopping for Performance Predictions SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA DE Performance prediction; Datashop; Repository; Learning optimization; Mathematical models AB Mathematical models of learning have been created to capitalize on the regularities that are seen when individuals acquire new skills, which could be useful if implemented in learning management systems. One such mathematical model is the Predictive Performance Equation (PPE). It is the intent that PPE will be used to predict the performance of individuals to inform real-world education and training decisions. However, in order to improve mathematical models of learning, data from multiple samples are needed. Online data repositories, such as Carnegie Mellon University's DataShop, provide data from multiple studies at fine levels of granularity. In this paper, we describe results from a set of analyses ranging across levels of granularity in order to assess the predictive validity of PPE in educational contexts available in the repository. C1 [Collins, Michael] Air Force Res Lab, ORISE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gluck, Kevin A.; Jastrzembski, Tiffany S.] Air Force Res Lab, Cognit Models & Agents Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Collins, M (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, ORISE, 2620 Q St,Bldg 852, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.collins.74.ctr@us.af.mil; kevin.gluck@us.af.mil; tiffany.jastrzemski@us.af.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 12 EP 23 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_2 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400002 ER PT S AU Kittinger, R Bender, J AF Kittinger, Robert Bender, James BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Methods for Determining the Role of Fatigue and Cognitive Load on Behavior Detection Officers (BDOs) Performance in the Field SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA DE National security; Homeland security; Transportation security administration; TSA; Behavior detection officers; BDO; Job analysis; Work analysis; Cognitive task analysis; Cognitive load; Cognitive fatigue; Fatigue; Job performance; Methodology ID JOB AB Job analysis and cognitive task analysis (CTA) are two methods for identifying all job tasks, both observable and unobservable respectively, which correlate to successful job performance. These methods will be applied to the Transportation Security Administration's (TSA's) Behavior Detection Officers (BDOs) to identify the elements which compose their job and to identify what elements are most difficult, important and frequently accomplished in the support of our national security. This paper will describe one method for conducting a job analysis on the BDO job and then a method for following that work with a cognitive task analysis. The described JA and CTA will provide a scientific foundation for future research and analysis of the BDO job position and successful performance of that job. C1 [Kittinger, Robert] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Bender, James] Deloitte, Washington, DC USA. RP Kittinger, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rskitti@sandia.gov; jambender@deloitte.com NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 36 EP 43 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_4 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400004 ER PT S AU McKiney, RA McIntire, LK Schilling, R Goodyear, C Nelson, J AF McKiney, R. Andy McIntire, Lindsey K. Schilling, Ryan Goodyear, Chuck Nelson, Justin BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Time Dependent Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Caffeine on Vigilance Performance During Extended Wakefulness SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA DE Transcranial direct current stimulation; Sleep deprivation Caffeine; Cognition; Vigilance ID SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; MEMORY; MOOD AB Background: Previously, we found that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) preserved vigilance performance approximately twice as well and three times as long as caffeine during a period of extended wakefulness. Vigilance performance often declines linearly over the period of watch, but in our previous study the performance trends over the period of watch were not analyzed. Hence, it was not known whether the intervention applied reduced the vigilance decrement, or simply shifted the performance to a higher mean value while maintaining a similar slope. Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the time-dependent effects (within each period of watch) of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied to the pre-frontal cortex at 2 mA for 30 min. We then compared these results to those of caffeine as well as the effects of both interventions on arousal. Methods: The period of watch was segregated into equal time segments and target identification accuracy was averaged across subjects in each group. These values were used in an analysis of covariance (separately for each session) as the dependent variable. Factors were group and subject nested in group. Results: The results indicated there is not a significant difference in slope (i.e. vigilance decrement) between the treatment conditions (tDCS, caffeine, and sham) within each period of watch. However, as reported previously, there was a significant difference in mean change from baseline between the treatment conditions. Conclusion: Our data suggests that tDCS does not prevent the vigilance decrement within the period of watch. Rather, it shifts performance to higher mean values by a scalar multiple while maintaining a similar slope. C1 [McKiney, R. Andy] Appl Neurosci Branch, Dayton, OH USA. [McIntire, Lindsey K.; Goodyear, Chuck; Nelson, Justin] Infoscitex Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [Schilling, Ryan] ORISE, Dayton, OH USA. RP McKiney, RA (reprint author), Appl Neurosci Branch, 711th HPW,2510 Fifth St,BLDG 840, Dayton, OH USA. EM Andy.McKinley@wpafb.af.mil NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 56 EP 62 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_6 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400006 ER PT S AU Silva, A Emmanuel, G McClain, JT Matzen, L Forsythe, C AF Silva, Austin Emmanuel, Glory McClain, Jonathan T. Matzen, Laura Forsythe, Chris BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Measuring Expert and Novice Performance Within Computer Security Incident Response Teams SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA DE Cybersecurity; Training; Teams; Visual search; Eye tracking; EEG; In situ testing; Measuring individual differences; Psychological measures ID DECISION-MAKING STYLE; COGNITION; NEED AB There is a great need for creating cohesive, expert cybersecurity incident response teams and training them effectively. This paper discusses new methodologies for measuring and understanding expert and novice differences within a cybersecurity environment to bolster training, selection, and teaming. This methodology for baselining and characterizing individuals and teams relies on relating eye tracking gaze patterns to psychological assessments, human-machine transaction monitoring, and electroencephalography data that are collected during participation in the game-based training platform Tracer FIRE. We discuss preliminary findings from two pilot studies using novice and professional teams. C1 [Silva, Austin; Emmanuel, Glory; McClain, Jonathan T.; Matzen, Laura; Forsythe, Chris] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Silva, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM aussilv@sandia.gov; jtmccl@sandia.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 144 EP 152 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_15 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400015 ER PT S AU Trumbo, MC Matzen, LE Silva, A Haass, MJ Divis, K Speed, A AF Trumbo, Michael C. Matzen, Laura E. Silva, Austin Haass, Michael J. Divis, Kristin Speed, Ann BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Through a Scanner Quickly: Elicitation of P3 in Transportation Security Officers Following Rapid Image Presentation and Categorization SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA DE Rapid serial visual presentation; Visual search; EEG; P300 ID SERIAL VISUAL PRESENTATION; EEG AB Numerous domains, ranging from medical diagnostics to intelligence analysis, involve visual search tasks in which people must find and identify specific items within large sets of imagery. These tasks rely heavily on human judgment, making fully automated systems infeasible in many cases. Researchers have investigated methods for combining human judgment with computational processing to increase the speed at which humans can triage large image sets. One such method is rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP), in which images are presented in rapid succession to a human viewer. While viewing the images and looking for targets of interest, the participant's brain activity is recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). The EEG signals can be time-locked to the presentation of each image, producing event-related potentials (ERPs) that provide information about the brain's response to those stimuli. The participants' judgments about whether or not each set of images contained a target and the ERPs elicited by target and non-target images are used to identify subsets of images that merit close expert scrutiny [ 1]. Although the RSVP/EEG paradigm holds promise for helping professional visual searchers to triage imagery rapidly, it may be limited by the nature of the target items. Targets that do not vary a great deal in appearance are likely to elicit useable ERPs, but more variable targets may not. In the present study, we sought to extend the RSVP/EEG paradigm to the domain of aviation security screening, and in doing so to explore the limitations of the technique for different types of targets. Professional Transportation Security Officers (TSOs) viewed bag X-rays that were presented using an RSVP paradigm. The TSOs viewed bursts of images containing 50 segments of bag X-rays that were presented for 100 ms each. Following each burst of images, the TSOs indicated whether or not they thought there was a threat item in any of the images in that set. EEG was recorded during each burst of images and ERPs were calculated by time-locking the EEG signal to the presentation of images containing threats and matched images that were identical except for the presence of the threat item. Half of the threat items had a prototypical appearance and half did not. We found that the bag images containing threat items with a prototypical appearance reliably elicited a P300 ERP component, while those without a prototypical appearance did not. These findings have implications for the application of the RSVP/EEG technique to real-world visual search domains. C1 [Trumbo, Michael C.; Matzen, Laura E.; Silva, Austin; Haass, Michael J.; Divis, Kristin; Speed, Ann] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Trumbo, MC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mctrumb@sandia.gov; lematze@sandia.gov; aussilv@sandia.gov; mjhaass@sandia.gov; kmdivis@sandia.gov; aespeed@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 348 EP 360 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_33 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400033 ER PT S AU Emmanuel, G Kittinger, R Speed, A AF Emmanuel, Glory Kittinger, Robert Speed, Ann BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI A Quantitative Methodology for Identifying Attributes Which Contribute to Performance for Officers at the Transportation Security Administration SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA DE Measuring and adapting to individual differences; Cognitive modeling; Perception; Emotion and interaction; Quantifying latent variables AB Performance at Transportation Security Administration (TSA) airport checkpoints must be consistently high to skillfully mitigate national security threats and incidents. To accomplish this, Transportation Security Officers (TSOs) must exceptionally perform in threat detection, interaction with passengers, and efficiency. It is difficult to measure the human attributes that contribute to high performing TSOs because cognitive ability such as memory, personality, and competence are inherently latent variables. Cognitive scientists at Sandia National Laboratories have developed a methodology that links TSOs' cognitive ability to their performance. This paper discusses how the methodology was developed using a strict quantitative process, the strengths and weaknesses, as well as how this could be generalized to other non-TSA contexts. The scope of this project is to identify attributes that distinguished high and low TSO performance for the duties at the checkpoint that involved direct interaction with people going through the checkpoint. C1 [Emmanuel, Glory; Kittinger, Robert; Speed, Ann] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Emmanuel, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gremman@sandia.gov; aespeed@sandia.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 373 EP 380 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_35 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400035 ER PT S AU Haass, MJ Matzen, LE Stevens-Adams, SM Roach, AR AF Haass, Michael J. Matzen, Laura E. Stevens-Adams, Susan M. Roach, Allen R. BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Methodology for Knowledge Elicitation in Visual Abductive Reasoning Tasks SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA DE Knowledge elicitation; Eye tracking; Abductive reasoning AB The potential for bias to affect the results of knowledge elicitation studies is well recognized. Researchers and knowledge engineers attempt to control for bias through careful selection of elicitation and analysis methods. Recently, the development of a wide range of physiological sensors, coupled with fast, portable and inexpensive computing platforms, has added an additional dimension of objective measurement that can reduce bias effects. In the case of an abductive reasoning task, bias can be introduced through design of the stimuli, cues from researchers, or omissions by the experts. We describe a knowledge elicitation methodology robust to various sources of bias, incorporating objective and cross-referenced measurements. The methodology was applied in a study of engineers who use multivariate time series data to diagnose the performance of devices throughout the production lifecycle. For visual reasoning tasks, eye tracking is particularly effective at controlling for biases of omission by providing a record of the subject's attention allocation. C1 [Haass, Michael J.; Matzen, Laura E.; Stevens-Adams, Susan M.; Roach, Allen R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Haass, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mjhaass@sandia.gov; lematze@sandia.gov; smsteve@sandia.gov; raroach@sandia.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 401 EP 409 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_38 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400038 ER PT S AU Matzen, LE Haass, MJ McNamara, LA Stevens-Adams, SM McMichael, SN AF Matzen, Laura E. Haass, Michael J. McNamara, Laura A. Stevens-Adams, Susan M. McMichael, Stephanie N. BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Effects of Professional Visual Search Experience on Domain-General and Domain-Specific Visual Cognition SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA DE Visual search; Expertise ID WORKING-MEMORY; EXPERTISE AB Vision is one of the dominant human senses and most human-computer interfaces rely heavily on the capabilities of the human visual system. An enormous amount of effort is devoted to finding ways to visualize information so that humans can understand and make sense of it. By studying how professionals engage in these visual search tasks, we can develop insights into their cognitive processes and the influence of experience on those processes. This can advance our understanding of visual cognition in addition to providing information that can be applied to designing improved data visualizations or training new analysts. In this study, we investigated the role of expertise on performance in a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) target detection task. SAR imagery differs substantially from optical imagery, making it a useful domain for investigating expert-novice differences. The participants in this study included professional SAR imagery analysts, radar engineers with experience working with SAR imagery, and novices who had little or no prior exposure to SAR imagery. Participants from all three groups completed a domain-specific visual search task in which they searched for targets within pairs of SAR images. They also completed a battery of domain-general visual search and cognitive tasks that measured factors such as mental rotation ability, spatial working memory, and useful field of view. The results revealed marked differences between the professional imagery analysts and the other groups, both for the domain-specific task and for some domain-general tasks. These results indicate that experience with visual search in non-optical imagery can influence performance on other domains. C1 [Matzen, Laura E.; Haass, Michael J.; McNamara, Laura A.; Stevens-Adams, Susan M.; McMichael, Stephanie N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Matzen, LE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM lematze@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 481 EP 491 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_46 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400046 ER PT S AU McNamara, LA Cole, K Haass, MJ Matzen, LE Morrow, JD Stevens-Adams, SM McMichael, S AF McNamara, Laura A. Cole, Kerstan Haass, Michael J. Matzen, Laura E. Morrow, J. Daniel Stevens-Adams, Susan M. McMichael, Stephanie BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Ethnographic Methods for Experimental Design: Case Studies in Visual Search SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA DE Visual search; Qualitative methods; Experimental design; Synthetic aperture radar; Imagery analysis AB Researchers at Sandia National Laboratories are integrating qualitative and quantitative methods from anthropology, human factors and cognitive psychology in the study of military and civilian intelligence analyst workflows in the United States' national security community. Researchers who study human work processes often use qualitative theory and methods, including grounded theory, cognitive work analysis, and ethnography, to generate rich descriptive models of human behavior in context. In contrast, experimental psychologists typically do not receive training in qualitative induction, nor are they likely to practice ethnographic methods in their work, since experimental psychology tends to emphasize generalizability and quantitative hypothesis testing over qualitative description. However, qualitative frameworks and methods from anthropology, sociology, and human factors can play an important role in enhancing the ecological validity of experimental research designs. C1 [McNamara, Laura A.; Cole, Kerstan; Haass, Michael J.; Matzen, Laura E.; Morrow, J. Daniel; Stevens-Adams, Susan M.; McMichael, Stephanie] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McNamara, LA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM lamcnam@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 492 EP 503 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_47 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400047 ER PT S AU Speed, A AF Speed, Ann BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Visual Search in Operational Environments Balancing Operational Constraints with Experimental Control SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA DE Visual search; Expertise; Domain specific tasks; Ecological validity; Operational environments ID SAMPLING APPROACH; INSPECTION; BIASES AB Visual search has been an active area of research - empirically and theoretically - for a number of decades, however much of that work is based on novice searchers performing basic tasks in a laboratory. This paper summarizes some of the issues associated with quantifying expert, domain-specific visual search behavior in operationally realistic environments. C1 [Speed, Ann] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Speed, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM aespeed@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 528 EP 536 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_51 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400051 ER PT S AU Stracuzzi, DJ Speed, A Silva, A Haass, M Trumbo, D AF Stracuzzi, David J. Speed, Ann Silva, Austin Haass, Michael Trumbo, Derek BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Exploratory Analysis of Visual Search Data SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA DE Visual search; Eye tracking; Data analysis; Transportation Security Administration AB Visual search data describe people's performance on the common perceptual problem of identifying target objects in a complex scene. Technological advances in areas such as eye tracking now provide researchers with a wealth of data not previously available. The goal of this work is to support researchers in analyzing this complex and multimodal data and in developing new insights into visual search techniques. We discuss several methods drawn from the statistics and machine learning literature for integrating visual search data derived from multiple sources and performing exploratory data analysis. We ground our discussion in a specific task performed by officers at the Transportation Security Administration and consider the applicability, likely issues, and possible adaptations of several candidate analysis methods. C1 [Stracuzzi, David J.; Speed, Ann; Silva, Austin; Haass, Michael; Trumbo, Derek] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stracuzzi, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM djstrac@sandia.gov; aespeed@sandia.gov; aussilv@sandia.gov; mjhaass@sandia.gov; dtrumbo@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 537 EP 547 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_52 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400052 ER PT S AU Abbott, RG Warrender, C Lakkaraju, K AF Abbott, Robert G. Warrender, Christina Lakkaraju, Kiran BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Transitioning from Human to Agent-Based Role-Players for Simulation-Based Training SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA DE Learning by example; Training by demonstration; Software agents AB In the context of military training simulation, "semi-automated forces" are software agents that serve as role players. The term implies a degree of shared control - increased automation allows one operator to control a larger number of agents, but too much automation removes control from the instructor. The desired amount of control depends on the situation, so there is no single "best" level of automation. This paper describes the rationale and design for Trainable Automated Forces (TAF), which is based on training by example in order to reduce the development time for automated agents. A central issue is how TAF interprets demonstrated behaviors either as an example to follow specifically, or as contingencies to be executed as the situation permits. We describe the behavior recognizers that allow TAF to produce a high-level model of behaviors. We assess the accuracy of a recognizer for a simple airplane maneuver, showing that it can accurately recognize the maneuver from just a few examples. C1 [Abbott, Robert G.; Warrender, Christina; Lakkaraju, Kiran] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Abbott, RG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. EM rgabbot@sandia.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 551 EP 561 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_53 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400053 ER PT S AU Kudrick, B Caggiano, D Speed, A AF Kudrick, Bonnie Caggiano, Daniel Speed, Ann BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Human Factors Within the Transportation Security Administration: Optimizing Performance Through Human Factors Assessments SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA DE Aviation; Transportation; Security; Cognition; Workload; Vigilance; Attention; Visual search; Decision making; Personality; Aptitudes; Behavior detection; Image analysis; Training; Human performance; Human factors AB The human factors team in the Mission Analysis Division of TSA's Office of Security Capabilities explores the impact of technology, policies, procedures, and training on human systems performance during transportation security operations. This paper highlights some of the most critical human factors challenges currently facing the aviation security community and provides an overview of innovative on-going human factors projects at TSA that will address some of these challenges by enhancing performance assessment capabilities, improving training opportunities, and optimizing duty rotations and assignments. C1 [Kudrick, Bonnie; Caggiano, Daniel] TSA, Off Secur Capabil, Miss Anal Div, Requirements & Syst Engn Branch, Arlington, VA USA. [Speed, Ann] Sandia Natl Labs, Data Driven & Neural Comp, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Speed, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Data Driven & Neural Comp, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bonnie.kudrick@tsa.dhs.gov; daniel.caggiano@tsa.dhs.gov; aespeed@sandia.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 767 EP 776 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_73 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400073 ER PT S AU Love, J Amai, W Blada, T Little, C Neely, J Buerger, S AF Love, Joshua Amai, Wendy Blada, Timothy Little, Charles Neely, Jason Buerger, Stephen BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Enhanced Physical Security Through a Command-Intent Driven Multi-agent Sensor Network SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA DE Command intent; Physical security; Heterogeneous; Multi-agent distributed; Hierarchical control; SAHUC AB Sandia's Intelligent Systems, Robotics, and Cybernetics group (ISRC) created the Sandia Architecture for Heterogeneous Unmanned System Control (SAHUC) to demonstrate how heterogeneous multi-agent teams could be used for tactical operations including the protection of high-consequence sites. Advances in multi-agent autonomy and unmanned systems have provided revolutionary new capabilities that can be leveraged for physical security applications. SAHUC applies these capabilities to produce a command-intent driven, autonomously adapting, multi-agent mobile sensor network. This network could enhance the security of high-consequence sites; it can be quickly and intuitively re-tasked to rapidly adapt to changing security conditions. The SAHUC architecture, GUI, autonomy layers, and implementation are explored. Results from experiments and a demonstration are also discussed. C1 [Love, Joshua; Amai, Wendy; Blada, Timothy; Little, Charles; Neely, Jason; Buerger, Stephen] Sandia Natl Labs, Robot & Cybernet Grp, Intelligent Syst, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Buerger, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Robot & Cybernet Grp, Intelligent Syst, POB 5800 MS 1010, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sbuerge@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 784 EP 795 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_75 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400075 ER PT S AU Speed, A Silva, A Trumbo, D Stracuzzi, D Warrender, C Trumbo, M Divis, K AF Speed, Ann Silva, Austin Trumbo, Derek Stracuzzi, David Warrender, Christina Trumbo, Michael Divis, Kristin BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Determining the Optimal Time on X-Ray Analysis for Transportation Security Officers SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA DE Visual search; Fatigue; Vigilance; Transportation security agency ID VISUAL-SEARCH; VIGILANCE; TASK AB The Transportation Security Administration has a large workforce of Transportation Security Officers, most of whom perform interrogation of x-ray images at the passenger checkpoint. To date, TSOs on the x-ray have been limited to a 30-min session at a time, however, it is unclear where this limit originated. The current paper outlines methods for empirically determining if that 30-min duty cycle is optimal and if there are differences between individual TSOs. This work can inform scheduling TSOs at the checkpoint and can also inform whether TSOs should continue to be cross-trained (i.e., performing all 6 checkpoint duties) or whether specialization makes more sense. C1 [Speed, Ann; Silva, Austin; Trumbo, Derek; Stracuzzi, David; Warrender, Christina; Trumbo, Michael; Divis, Kristin] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Speed, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM aespeed@sandia.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 825 EP 834 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_79 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400079 ER PT S AU Haidar, A Dong, TT Tomov, S Luszczek, P Dongarra, J AF Haidar, Azzam Dong, Tingxing Tim Tomov, Stanimire Luszczek, Piotr Dongarra, Jack BE Kunkel, JM Ludwig, T TI A Framework for Batched and GPU-Resident Factorization Algorithms Applied to Block Householder Transformations SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, ISC HIGH PERFORMANCE 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Supercomputing Conference on High Performance Computing (ISC High Performance) CY JUL 12-16, 2015 CL Frankfurt, GERMANY ID MULTICORE; GEMM AB As modern hardware keeps evolving, an increasingly effective approach to developing energy efficient and high-performance solvers is to design them to work on many small size and independent problems. Many applications already need this functionality, especially for GPUs, which are currently known to be about four to five times more energy efficient than multicore CPUs. We describe the development of one-sided factorizations that work for a set of small dense matrices in parallel, and we illustrate our techniques on the QR factorization based on Householder transformations. We refer to this mode of operation as a batched factorization. Our approach is based on representing the algorithms as a sequence of batched BLAS routines for GPU-only execution. This is in contrast to the hybrid CPU-GPU algorithms that rely heavily on using the multicore CPU for specific parts of the workload. But for a system to benefit fully from the GPU's significantly higher energy efficiency, avoiding the use of the multicore CPU must be a primary design goal, so the system can rely more heavily on the more efficient GPU. Additionally, this will result in the removal of the costly CPU-to-GPU communication. Furthermore, we do not use a single symmetric multiprocessor(on the GPU) to factorize a single problem at a time. We illustrate how our performance analysis, and the use of profiling and tracing tools, guided the development and optimization of our batched factorization to achieve up to a 2-fold speedup and a 3-fold energy efficiency improvement compared to our highly optimized batched CPU implementations based on the MKL library(when using two sockets of Intel Sandy Bridge CPUs). Compared to a batched QR factorization featured in the CUBLAS library for GPUs, we achieved up to 5x speedup on the K40 GPU. C1 [Haidar, Azzam; Dong, Tingxing Tim; Tomov, Stanimire; Luszczek, Piotr; Dongarra, Jack] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. RP Haidar, A (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA. EM haidar@icl.utk.edu NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20119-1; 978-3-319-20118-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 9137 BP 31 EP 47 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20119-1_3 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD9KR UT WOS:000364830300003 ER PT S AU Kabir, K Haidar, A Tomov, S Dongarra, J AF Kabir, Khairul Haidar, Azzam Tomov, Stanimire Dongarra, Jack BE Kunkel, JM Ludwig, T TI On the Design, Development, and Analysis of Optimized Matrix-Vector Multiplication Routines for Coprocessors SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, ISC HIGH PERFORMANCE 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Supercomputing Conference on High Performance Computing (ISC High Performance) CY JUL 12-16, 2015 CL Frankfurt, GERMANY ID LINEAR ALGEBRA; REDUCTION; FORMS AB The manycore paradigm shift, and the resulting change in modern computer architectures, has made the development of optimal numerical routines extremely challenging. In this work, we target the development of numerical algorithms and implementations for Xeon Phi coprocessor architecture designs. In particular, we examine and optimize the general and symmetric matrix-vector multiplication routines (gemv/symv), which are some of the most heavily used linear algebra kernels in many important engineering and physics applications. We describe a successful approach on how to address the challenges for this problem, starting with our algorithm design, performance analysis and programing model and moving to kernel optimization. Our goal, by targeting low-level and easy to understand fundamental kernels, is to develop new optimization strategies that can be effective elsewhere for use on manycore coprocessors, and to show significant performance improvements compared to existing state-of-the-art implementations. Therefore, in addition to the new optimization strategies, analysis, and optimal performance results, we finally present the significance of using these routines/strategies to accelerate higher-level numerical algorithms for the eigenvalue problem (EVP) and the singular value decomposition (SVD) that by themselves are foundational for many important applications. C1 [Kabir, Khairul; Haidar, Azzam; Tomov, Stanimire; Dongarra, Jack] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. RP Kabir, K (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA. EM haider@icl.utk.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20119-1; 978-3-319-20118-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 9137 BP 58 EP 73 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20119-1_5 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD9KR UT WOS:000364830300005 ER PT S AU Aithal, SM Wild, SM AF Aithal, Shashi M. Wild, Stefan M. BE Kunkel, JM Ludwig, T TI ACCOLADES: A Scalable Workflow Framework for Large-Scale Simulation and Analyses of Automotive Engines SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, ISC HIGH PERFORMANCE 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Supercomputing Conference on High Performance Computing (ISC High Performance) CY JUL 12-16, 2015 CL Frankfurt, GERMANY DE Workflow management; Industrial simulations; Large-scale vehicle simulations; Task parallelism AB Analysis and optimization of simulation-generated data have myriads of scientific and industrial applications. Fuel consumption and emissions over the entire drive cycle of a large fleet of vehicles is an example of such an application and the focus of this study. Temporal variation of fuel consumption and emissions in an automotive engine are functions of over twenty variables. Determining relationships between fuel consumption or emissions and the dependent variables plays a crucial role in designing an automotive engine. This paper describes the development of ACCOLADES ( Advanced Concurrent COmputing for LArge-scale Dynamic Engine Simulations), a scalable workflow framework that exploits the task parallelism inherent in such analyses by using large-scale computing. Excellent weak scaling is observed on 4,096 cores of both an Intel Sandy Bridge-based cluster and a Blue-Gene/Q supercomputer. C1 [Aithal, Shashi M.; Wild, Stefan M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Aithal, SM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM aithal@anl.gov; wild@anl.gov RI Wild, Stefan/P-4907-2016 OI Wild, Stefan/0000-0002-6099-2772 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20119-1; 978-3-319-20118-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 9137 BP 87 EP 95 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20119-1_7 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD9KR UT WOS:000364830300007 ER PT S AU Ionkov, L Lang, M AF Ionkov, Latchesar Lang, Michael BE Kunkel, JM Ludwig, T TI Hop: Elastic Consistency for Exascale Data Stores SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, ISC HIGH PERFORMANCE 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Supercomputing Conference on High Performance Computing (ISC High Performance) CY JUL 12-16, 2015 CL Frankfurt, GERMANY AB Distributed key-value stores are a scalable alternative for relational databases and file systems. Different systems try to provide the right balance between scalability, consistency and reliability for a certain category of applications. Yet many applications don't have a single static set of requirements for all the data they create and use. In order to meet different requirements, the applications end up using multiple data stores, each with its own interface, or suffer the unnecessary performance degradation. This paper describes Hop, our attempt to define an interface that allows specification of different consistency and replication levels, and by allowing the assembly of different implementations of the interface, provides the right balance of consistency, scalability and availability for different parts of application data. We describe the Hop interface and evaluate some of the implementations we created, as well as how they can be combined to provide flexible distributed deployments. C1 [Ionkov, Latchesar; Lang, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Ionkov, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM lionkov@lanl.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20119-1; 978-3-319-20118-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 9137 BP 291 EP 306 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20119-1_22 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD9KR UT WOS:000364830300022 ER PT S AU Marathe, A Bailey, PE Lowenthal, DK Rountree, B Schulz, M de Supinski, BR AF Marathe, Aniruddha Bailey, Peter E. Lowenthal, David K. Rountree, Barry Schulz, Martin de Supinski, Bronis R. BE Kunkel, JM Ludwig, T TI A Run-Time System for Power-Constrained HPC Applications SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, ISC HIGH PERFORMANCE 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Supercomputing Conference on High Performance Computing (ISC High Performance) CY JUL 12-16, 2015 CL Frankfurt, GERMANY AB As the HPC community attempts to reach exascale performance, power will be one of the most critical constrained resources. Achieving practical exascale computing will therefore rely on optimizing performance subject to a power constraint. However, this additional complication should not add to the burden of application developers; optimizing the run-time environment given restricted power will primarily be the job of high-performance system software. This paper introduces Conductor, a run-time system that intelligently distributes available power to nodes and cores to improve performance. The key techniques used are configuration space exploration and adaptive power balancing. Configuration exploration dynamically selects the optimal thread concurrency level and DVFS state subject to a hardware-enforced power bound. Adaptive power balancing efficiently determines where critical paths are likely to occur so that more power is distributed to those paths. Greater power, in turn, allows increased thread concurrency levels, the DVFS states, or both. We describe these techniques in detail and show that, compared to the state-of-the-art technique of using statically predetermined, per-node power caps, Conductor leads to a best-case performance improvement of up to 30%, and average improvement of 19.1%. C1 [Marathe, Aniruddha; Bailey, Peter E.; Lowenthal, David K.] Univ Arizona, Dept Comp Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Rountree, Barry; Schulz, Martin; de Supinski, Bronis R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Marathe, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Comp Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM amarathe@cs.arizona.edu; pbailey@cs.arizona.edu; dkl@cs.arizona.edu; rountree@llnl.gov; schulzm@llnl.gov; bronis@llnl.gov NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20119-1; 978-3-319-20118-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 9137 BP 394 EP 408 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20119-1_28 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD9KR UT WOS:000364830300028 ER PT S AU Rumley, S Glick, M Hammond, SD Rodrigues, A Bergman, K AF Rumley, Sebastien Glick, Madeleine Hammond, Simon D. Rodrigues, Arun Bergman, Keren BE Kunkel, JM Ludwig, T TI Design Methodology for Optimizing Optical Interconnection Networks in High Performance Systems SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, ISC HIGH PERFORMANCE 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Supercomputing Conference on High Performance Computing (ISC High Performance) CY JUL 12-16, 2015 CL Frankfurt, GERMANY DE Topology; Network; HPC; Interconnect ID COMPUTER AB Modern high performance computers connect hundreds of thousands of endpoints and employ thousands of switches. This allows for a great deal of freedom in the design of the network topology. At the same time, due to the sheer numbers and complexity involved, it becomes more challenging to easily distinguish between promising and improper designs. With ever increasing line rates and advances in optical interconnects, there is a need for renewed design methodologies that comprehensively capture the requirements and expose trade-offs expeditiously in this complex design space. We introduce a systematic approach, based on Generalized Moore Graphs, allowing one to quickly gauge the ideal level of connectivity required for a given number of end-points and traffic hypothesis, and to collect insight on the role of the switch radix in the topology cost. Based on this approach, we present a methodology for the identification of Pareto-optimal topologies. We apply our method to a practical case with 25,000 nodes and present the results. C1 [Rumley, Sebastien; Bergman, Keren] Columbia Univ, Lightwave Res Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Glick, Madeleine] Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hammond, Simon D.; Rodrigues, Arun] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rumley, S (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lightwave Res Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM rumley@ee.columbia.edu; mglick@optics.arizona.edu; sdhammo@sandia.gov; afrodri@sandia.gov; bergman@ee.columbia.edu NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20119-1; 978-3-319-20118-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 9137 BP 454 EP 471 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20119-1_32 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD9KR UT WOS:000364830300032 ER PT S AU Moreland, K Oldfield, R AF Moreland, Kenneth Oldfield, Ron BE Kunkel, JM Ludwig, T TI Formal Metrics for Large-Scale Parallel Performance SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING, ISC HIGH PERFORMANCE 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Supercomputing Conference on High Performance Computing (ISC High Performance) CY JUL 12-16, 2015 CL Frankfurt, GERMANY AB Performance measurement of parallel algorithms is well studied and well understood. However, a flaw in traditional performance metrics is that they rely on comparisons to serial performance with the same input. This comparison is convenient for theoretical complexity analysis but impossible to perform in large-scale empirical studies with data sizes far too large to run on a single serial computer. Consequently, scaling studies currently rely on ad hoc methods that, although effective, have no grounded mathematical models. In this position paper we advocate using a rate-based model that has a concrete meaning relative to speedup and efficiency and that can be used to unify strong and weak scaling studies. C1 [Moreland, Kenneth; Oldfield, Ron] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Moreland, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM kmorel@sandia.gov; raoldfi@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20119-1; 978-3-319-20118-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 9137 BP 488 EP 496 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20119-1_34 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD9KR UT WOS:000364830300034 ER PT J AU Lim, K Kim, SY Lee, B Segarra, C Kang, S Ju, Y Schmerr, MJ Coste, J Kim, SY Yokoyama, T An, SSA AF Lim, Kuntaek Kim, Su Yeon Lee, Byoungsub Segarra, Christiane Kang, Sungmin Ju, Youngran Schmerr, Mary Jo Coste, Joliette Kim, Sang Yun Yokoyama, Takashi An, Seong Soo A. TI Magnetic microparticle-based multimer detection system for the detection of prion oligomers in sheep SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE transmissible spongiform encephalopathies; infectious prion proteins; normal prion protein; sensitivity; specificity; biomarker ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES; BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; IMMUNOCAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; UNITED-KINGDOM; SCRAPIE; PROTEIN; INFECTIVITY; BRAIN; RISK AB Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are zoonotic fatal neurodegenerative diseases in animals and humans. TSEs are commonly known as bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle, scrapie in sheep and goats, chronic wasting disease in cervids, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans. The putative transmissible agents are infectious prion proteins (PrPSc), which are formed by the conversion of the normal prion protein on the glycoprotein cell surface in the presence of other PrPSc. Reports of the transmission of TSEs through blood raised considerable concern about the safety of blood and blood products. To address this issue, many laboratories attempted to develop a sensitive and accurate blood diagnostic test to detect PrPSc. Previously, we reported that, compared to normal controls, the multimer detection system (MDS) was more efficient in detecting PrPSc in infected hamster brain homogenate, mouse plasma spiked with purified PrPSc from scrapie mouse brain, and scrapie-infected hamster plasmas. MDS differentiates prion multimers from the cellular monomer through the multimeric expression of epitopes on prion multimers, in contrast to the monomeric form. In this study, MDS detected PrPSc in plasma samples from scrapie-infected sheep expressing clinical symptoms, demonstrating 100% sensitivity and specificity in these samples. Plasma samples from asymptomatic lambs at the preclinical stage (8-month-old naturally infected offspring of scrapie-infected parents expressing a highly susceptible genotype) tested positive with 50% sensitivity and 100% specificity. In the first of two coded analyses using clinical scrapie-infected sheep and normal healthy samples, MDS successfully identified all but one of the clinical samples with 92% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Similar results were obtained in the second coded analysis using preclinical samples. MDS again successfully identified all but one of the samples with 87% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The false-negative sample was subjected to a protease pretreatment. In conclusion, MDS could accurately detect scrapie in plasma samples at both preclinical and clinical stages. From these studies, we conclude that MDS could be a promising tool for the early diagnosis of TSEs from blood samples. C1 [Lim, Kuntaek; Lee, Byoungsub; Kang, Sungmin] PeopleBio Inc, Dept Res & Dev, Seoul, South Korea. [Kim, Su Yeon; Ju, Youngran] KCDC, Dept Arborbiol, Seoul, South Korea. [Segarra, Christiane; Coste, Joliette] EFS, Dept Blood Screening, Montpellier, France. [Schmerr, Mary Jo] Iowa State Univ, Ames Labs, US DOE, Ames, IA USA. [Kim, Sang Yun] Seoul Natl Univ, Bundang Hosp, Dept Neurol, Songnam, South Korea. [Yokoyama, Takashi] Natl Inst Anim Hlth, Dept Prion Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [An, Seong Soo A.] Gachon Univ, Dept Bionano Technol, Songnam 461701, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. RP An, SSA (reprint author), Gachon Univ, Gachon Med Res Inst, Dept Bionano Technol, Songnam 461701, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. EM seongaan@gachon.ac.kr FU Gachon University [GCU-2014-0190]; National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2010-0024004] FX This research was supported by grants from the Gachon University (GCU-2014-0190) and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2010-0024004). The authors would like to thank Ervin Welker from the Hungary Academy of Sciences (Budapest, Hungary) for providing normal sheep samples. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI ALBANY PA PO BOX 300-008, ALBANY, AUCKLAND 0752, NEW ZEALAND SN 1178-2013 J9 INT J NANOMED JI Int. J. Nanomed. PY 2015 VL 10 SI SI BP 241 EP 250 DI 10.2147/IJN.S88377 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA CW6QL UT WOS:000365122300024 PM 26425091 ER PT J AU Singh, M Karki, V Mishra, RK Kumar, A Kaushik, CP Mao, XL Russo, RE Sarkar, A AF Singh, Manjeet Karki, Vijay Mishra, Raman K. Kumar, Amar Kaushik, C. P. Mao, Xianglei Russo, Richard E. Sarkar, Arnab TI Analytical spectral dependent partial least squares regression: a study of nuclear waste glass from thorium based fuel using LIBS SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; BOROSILICATE GLASS; DOMINANT FACTOR; FLUORESCENCE; SPECTROMETRY; URANIUM; STEEL AB This work demonstrates the use of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for elemental characterization of power reactor thoria reprocessing facility waste glass. Seven waste constituents (Th, Fe, Cr, Ni, Al, F and Sr) in the glass were simultaneously determined by this method. A multivariative PLSR calibration approach was preferred due to the complex emission spectrum of the waste glass. Investigations were carried out to optimize the experimental conditions such as the number of laser shots accumulating per LIBS spectra, laser energy and acquisition time delay. The optimization of factors for minimizing errors in the PLSR algorithm was investigated for Th, Fe, Cr, Ni, Al, F and Sr. Spectral truncation to only utilize relevant pixel intensities based on the PLSR coefficient guidelines was found to increase the analytical capability of the PLSR analysis. The optimum PLSR coefficient threshold of individual elements was calculated based on the SEP variation. The average % RSD (2 sigma) was found to be 5.3%, 5.1%, 7.1%, 8.1%, 10.4%, 7.7%, and 6.4% for Th, Fe, Al, F, Sr, Ni, and Cr, respectively. C1 [Singh, Manjeet; Karki, Vijay; Sarkar, Arnab] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Div Fuel Chem, Bombay 400094, Maharashtra, India. [Mishra, Raman K.; Kumar, Amar; Kaushik, C. P.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Waste Management Div, Bombay 400094, Maharashtra, India. [Mao, Xianglei; Russo, Richard E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Russo, Richard E.] Applied Spectra, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. RP Sarkar, A (reprint author), Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Div Fuel Chem, Bombay 400094, Maharashtra, India. EM rerusso@lbl.gov; arnab@barc.gov.in FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Science Division of the U.S. Department of Energy at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors (MS, VK and AS) are thankful to Dr S. Kannan, Head, Fuel Chemistry Division, Prof. B.S. Tomar, Associate Director, Radiochemistry and Isotope Group and Prof. K.L. Ramakumar, Director, Radiochemistry and Isotope Group, B.A.R.C. for their constant support and encouragement of LIBS work. RER and XLM acknowledge support from the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Science Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231 at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 EI 1364-5544 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2015 VL 30 IS 12 BP 2507 EP 2515 DI 10.1039/c5ja00372e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA CW7ZE UT WOS:000365217300016 ER PT J AU Jovic, V Laverock, J Rettie, AJE Zhou, JS Mullins, CB Singh, VR Lamoureux, B Wilson, D Su, TY Jovic, B Bluhm, H Sohnel, T Smith, KE AF Jovic, V. Laverock, J. Rettie, A. J. E. Zhou, J. -S. Mullins, C. B. Singh, V. R. Lamoureux, B. Wilson, D. Su, T. -Y. Jovic, B. Bluhm, H. Soehnel, T. Smith, K. E. TI Soft X-ray spectroscopic studies of the electronic structure of M:BiVO4 (M = Mo, W) single crystals SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SCANNING ELECTROCHEMICAL MICROSCOPY; BISMUTH VANADATE; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; WATER OXIDATION; BIVO4; EFFICIENT; PHOTOCATALYSTS; PHOTOANODES; ABSORPTION; SCATTERING AB Bismuth vanadate, BiVO4, is a promising material for use as an anode in photoelectrochemical water splitting. However, its conversion efficiency is limited by poor bulk charge transport, which is via small-polarons. We report here the use of a suite of X-ray spectroscopic probes to determine the electronic structure of 0.3-0.6 at% M:BiVO4 (M = Mo or W). The results are interpreted in the context of current theories regarding the influence of doping on the existence of inter-band gap small-polaron states and their effect on the conversion efficiency of BiVO4. Preliminary X-ray absorption and emission measurements reveal that doping widens the band gap from 2.50 to 2.75 eV, whereas the indirect nature of the band gap remains unaffected. X-ray absorption spectroscopy verified that the doping levels did not affect the distorted tetrahedral environment of V5+ in BiVO4. For BiVO4 and W:BiVO4, V L-3 resonant inelastic X-ray scattering showed energy loss features related to charge transfer from low lying valence metal/oxygen states to unoccupied V e(g) conduction band states. A 3.8 eV energy loss feature, coupled with small polaron-like peaks measured in valence band resonant photoelectron spectroscopy of M:BiVO4, point to the population of inter-band gap V 3d states of eg symmetry. The data reveals the existence of a band gap state in the absence of an applied bias in M: BiVO4, linked to small-polaron formation. We tentatively assign it as a deep trap state, which suggests that the improved conversion efficiency of M:BiVO4 relative to the undoped material is largely due to the increased carrier concentration in spite of increased carrier recombination rates. C1 [Jovic, V.; Wilson, D.; Soehnel, T.; Smith, K. E.] Univ Auckland, Sch Chem Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Jovic, V.; Wilson, D.; Soehnel, T.; Smith, K. E.] MacDiarmid Inst Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, Wellington, New Zealand. [Laverock, J.] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Sch Phys, Bristol B58 1TL, Avon, England. [Laverock, J.; Singh, V. R.; Lamoureux, B.; Su, T. -Y.; Smith, K. E.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Rettie, A. J. E.; Mullins, C. B.] Univ Texas Austin, McKetta Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Zhou, J. -S.; Mullins, C. B.] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Jovic, B.] New Zealand Def Force, Devonport Naval Base, Def Technol Agcy, Auckland 0624, New Zealand. [Bluhm, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jovic, V (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Sch Chem Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. EM vjov001@aucklanduni.ac.nz RI Laverock, Jude/G-4537-2010 OI Laverock, Jude/0000-0003-3653-8171 FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-98ER45680]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FG02-09ER16119]; Welch Foundation [F-1436]; Hemphill-Gilmore Endowed fellowship; NSF MIRT [DMR 1122603]; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geo-sciences, and Biosciences of the US Department of Energy at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The Boston University program is supported by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG02-98ER45680. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. AJER and CBM gratefully acknowledge the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Grant DE-FG02-09ER16119 and Welch Foundation Grant F-1436. Additionally, AJER acknowledges the Hemphill-Gilmore Endowed fellowship for financial support. J-SZ was supported by NSF MIRT DMR 1122603. VJ would like to thank the beamline scientists at beamlines 8.0.1 and 11.0.2 of the ALS for their assistance during measurements. Beamline 11.0.2 is also supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geo-sciences, and Biosciences of the US Department of Energy at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 12 U2 42 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2015 VL 3 IS 47 BP 23743 EP 23753 DI 10.1039/c5ta07898a PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA CW7UN UT WOS:000365205000014 ER PT J AU Powers, JM Sen, M AF Powers, Joseph M. Sen, Mihir BA Powers, JM Sen, M BF Powers, JM Sen, M TI Multivariable Calculus SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Powers, Joseph M.; Sen, Mihir] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Air Force Res Lab, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Sen, Mihir] ASME, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03704-5 PY 2015 BP 1 EP 63 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139583442 PG 63 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BD8HB UT WOS:000363928500002 ER PT J AU Powers, JM Sen, M AF Powers, Joseph M. Sen, Mihir BA Powers, JM Sen, M BF Powers, JM Sen, M TI Mathematical Methods in Engineering Preface SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Powers, Joseph M.; Sen, Mihir] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Air Force Res Lab, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Sen, Mihir] ASME, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03704-5 PY 2015 BP XIII EP + D2 10.1017/CBO9781139583442 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BD8HB UT WOS:000363928500001 ER PT J AU Powers, JM Sen, M AF Powers, Joseph M. Sen, Mihir BA Powers, JM Sen, M BF Powers, JM Sen, M TI Vectors and Tensors in Cartesian Coordinates SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Powers, Joseph M.; Sen, Mihir] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Air Force Res Lab, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Sen, Mihir] ASME, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03704-5 PY 2015 BP 64 EP 114 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139583442 PG 51 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BD8HB UT WOS:000363928500003 ER PT J AU Powers, JM Sen, M AF Powers, Joseph M. Sen, Mihir BA Powers, JM Sen, M BF Powers, JM Sen, M TI First-Order Ordinary Differential Equations SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Powers, Joseph M.; Sen, Mihir] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Air Force Res Lab, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Sen, Mihir] ASME, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03704-5 PY 2015 BP 115 EP 145 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139583442 PG 31 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BD8HB UT WOS:000363928500004 ER PT J AU Powers, JM Sen, M AF Powers, Joseph M. Sen, Mihir BA Powers, JM Sen, M BF Powers, JM Sen, M TI Linear Ordinary Differential Equations SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Powers, Joseph M.; Sen, Mihir] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Air Force Res Lab, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Sen, Mihir] ASME, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03704-5 PY 2015 BP 146 EP 218 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139583442 PG 73 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BD8HB UT WOS:000363928500005 ER PT J AU Powers, JM Sen, M AF Powers, Joseph M. Sen, Mihir BA Powers, JM Sen, M BF Powers, JM Sen, M TI Approximation Methods SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Powers, Joseph M.; Sen, Mihir] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Air Force Res Lab, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Sen, Mihir] ASME, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03704-5 PY 2015 BP 219 EP 278 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139583442 PG 60 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BD8HB UT WOS:000363928500006 ER PT J AU Powers, JM Sen, M AF Powers, Joseph M. Sen, Mihir BA Powers, JM Sen, M BF Powers, JM Sen, M TI Linear Analysis SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Powers, Joseph M.; Sen, Mihir] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Air Force Res Lab, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Sen, Mihir] ASME, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03704-5 PY 2015 BP 279 EP 389 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139583442 PG 111 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BD8HB UT WOS:000363928500007 ER PT J AU Powers, JM Sen, M AF Powers, Joseph M. Sen, Mihir BA Powers, JM Sen, M BF Powers, JM Sen, M TI Linear Algebra SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Powers, Joseph M.; Sen, Mihir] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Air Force Res Lab, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Sen, Mihir] ASME, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03704-5 PY 2015 BP 390 EP 479 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139583442 PG 90 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BD8HB UT WOS:000363928500008 ER PT J AU Powers, JM Sen, M AF Powers, Joseph M. Sen, Mihir BA Powers, JM Sen, M BF Powers, JM Sen, M TI Linear Integral Equations SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Powers, Joseph M.; Sen, Mihir] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Air Force Res Lab, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Sen, Mihir] ASME, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03704-5 PY 2015 BP 480 EP 496 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139583442 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BD8HB UT WOS:000363928500009 ER PT J AU Powers, JM Sen, M AF Powers, Joseph M. Sen, Mihir BA Powers, JM Sen, M BF Powers, JM Sen, M TI Dynamical Systems SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Powers, Joseph M.; Sen, Mihir] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Air Force Res Lab, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Sen, Mihir] ASME, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03704-5 PY 2015 BP 497 EP 583 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139583442 PG 87 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BD8HB UT WOS:000363928500010 ER PT J AU Powers, JM Sen, M AF Powers, Joseph M. Sen, Mihir BA Powers, JM Sen, M BF Powers, JM Sen, M TI Mathematical Methods in Engineering SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Powers, Joseph M.; Sen, Mihir] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Air Force Res Lab, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Powers, Joseph M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Sen, Mihir] ASME, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03704-5 PY 2015 BP 585 EP 601 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139583442 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BD8HB UT WOS:000363928500011 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Jin, HE Desai, MS Ren, S Kim, S Lee, SW AF Lee, Ju Hun Jin, Hyo-Eon Desai, Malav S. Ren, Shuo Kim, Soyoun Lee, Seung-Wuk TI Biomimetic sensor design SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Review ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; IN-VITRO SELECTION; MESSENGER-RNA DISPLAY; CELL-SURFACE DISPLAY; OXIDE-SEMICONDUCTOR SENSORS; PHAGE DISPLAY; RIBOSOME DISPLAY; COMBINATORIAL LIBRARY; FUNCTIONAL PROTEINS; OLFACTORY RECEPTORS AB Detection of desired target chemicals in a sensitive and selective manner is critically important to protect human health, environment and national security. Nature has been a great source of inspiration for the design of sensitive and selective sensors. In this mini-review, we overview the recent developments in bio-inspired sensor development. There are four major components of sensor design: design of receptors for specific targets; coating materials to integrate receptors to transducing machinery; sensitive transducing of signals; and decision making based on the sensing results. We discuss the biomimetic methods to discover specific receptors followed by a discussion about bio-inspired nanocoating material design. We then review the recent developments in phage-based bioinspired transducing systems followed by a discussion of biomimetic pattern recognition-based decision making systems. Our review will be helpful to understand recent approaches to reverse-engineer natural systems to design specific and sensitive sensors. C1 [Lee, Ju Hun; Jin, Hyo-Eon; Desai, Malav S.; Lee, Seung-Wuk] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lee, Ju Hun; Jin, Hyo-Eon; Desai, Malav S.; Lee, Seung-Wuk] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Biol Syst & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ren, Shuo; Kim, Soyoun] Dongguk Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Seoul, South Korea. RP Kim, S (reprint author), Dongguk Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Seoul, South Korea. EM skim@dongguk.edu; leesw@berkeley.edu OI Desai, Malav/0000-0002-4160-6944 FU Defense Acquisition Program Administration and Agency for Defense Development in South Korea [ADD-10-70-06-02]; Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT)'s Global Research Outreach (GRO) Program; Korea Ministry of Environment as "EI project" [ERL E211-41003-0007-0]; Seoul R&BD Program through the Research and Development for Regional Industry [PA130117] FX S.W.L. acknowledges the support from Defense Acquisition Program Administration and Agency for Defense Development under the contract (ADD-10-70-06-02) in South Korea. This work is also supported by the Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT)'s Global Research Outreach (GRO) Program. S. K. acknowledges the support by Korea Ministry of Environment as "EI project" (ERL E211-41003-0007-0) and Seoul R&BD Program (PA130117) through the Research and Development for Regional Industry. NR 157 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 40 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2015 VL 7 IS 44 BP 18379 EP 18391 DI 10.1039/c5nr05226b PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CW2LO UT WOS:000364824000002 PM 26498660 ER PT J AU Wu, X Lee, H Bilsel, O Zhang, YW Li, ZJ Chen, T Liu, Y Duan, CY Shen, J Punjabi, A Han, G AF Wu, Xiang Lee, Hyungseok Bilsel, Osman Zhang, Yuanwei Li, Zhanjun Chen, Teresa Liu, Yi Duan, Chunying Shen, Jie Punjabi, Amol Han, Gang TI Tailoring dye-sensitized upconversion nanoparticle excitation bands towards excitation wavelength selective imaging SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED LIGHT; IN-VIVO; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; UPCONVERTING NANOPARTICLES; SHELL NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DRUG-DELIVERY; BROAD-BAND; NANOTRANSDUCERS; NANOPHOSPHORS AB One of the key roadblocks in UCNP development is its extremely limited choices of excitation wavelengths. We report a generic design to program UCNPs to possess highly tunable dye characteristic excitation bands. Using such distinctive properties, we were able to develop a new excitation wavelength selective security imaging. This work unleashed the greater freedom of the excitation wavelengths of the upconversion nanoparticles and we believe it is a game-changer in the field and this method will enable numerous applications that are currently limited by existing UCNPs. C1 [Wu, Xiang; Duan, Chunying] Dalian Univ Technol, State Key Lab Fine Chem, Dalian 116012, Peoples R China. [Wu, Xiang; Lee, Hyungseok; Bilsel, Osman; Zhang, Yuanwei; Li, Zhanjun; Shen, Jie; Punjabi, Amol; Han, Gang] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Pharmacol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. [Chen, Teresa; Liu, Yi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Han, G (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Pharmacol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. EM Gang.Han@umassmed.edu RI Liu, yi/A-3384-2008; Li, Zhanjun/K-3199-2012; OI Liu, yi/0000-0002-3954-6102; han, gang/0000-0002-2300-5862 FU China Scholarship Council (CSC); University of Massachusetts Medical School; Worcester Foundation Mel Cutler Award; National Institutes of Health [R01MH103133]; Human Frontier Science Program; UMass CVIP award; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This research was supported by the China Scholarship Council (CSC) and the start-up fund of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, a Worcester Foundation Mel Cutler Award, National Institutes of Health R01MH103133, Human Frontier Science Program, and a UMass CVIP award. Work at the Molecular Foundry was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 9 U2 67 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2015 VL 7 IS 44 BP 18424 EP 18428 DI 10.1039/c5nr05437k PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CW2LO UT WOS:000364824000006 PM 26499208 ER PT J AU Ma, CR Gong, YP Lu, RT Brown, E Ma, BH Li, J Wu, J AF Ma, Chunrui Gong, Youpin Lu, Rongtao Brown, Emery Ma, Beihai Li, Jun Wu, Judy TI Detangling extrinsic and intrinsic hysteresis for detecting dynamic switch of electric dipoles using graphene field-effect transistors on ferroelectric gates SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-STORAGE; THIN-FILM; TRANSPORT; TITANATE; SENSORS; OXIDES AB A transition in source-drain current vs. back gate voltage (I-D V-BG) characteristics from extrinsic polar molecule dominant hysteresis to anti-hysteresis induced by an oxygen deficient surface layer that is intrinsic to the ferroelectric thin films has been observed on graphene field-effect transistors on Pb0.92La0.08Zr0.52Ti0.48O3 gates (GFET/PLZT-Gate) during a vacuum annealing process developed to systematically remove the polar molecules adsorbed on the GFET channel surface. This allows the extrinsic and intrinsic hysteresis on GFET/PLZT-gate devices to detangle and the detection of the dynamic switch of electric dipoles using GFETs, taking advantage of their high gating efficiency on ferroelectric gate. A model of the charge trapping and pinning mechanism is proposed to successfully explain the transition. In response to pulsed VBG trains of positive, negative, as well as alternating polarities, respectively, the source-drain current ID variation is instantaneous with the response amplitude following the I-D-V-BG loops measured by DC VBG with consideration of the remnant polarization after a given VBG pulse when the gate electric field exceeds the coercive field of the PLZT. A detection sensitivity of around 212 dipole per mu m(2) has been demonstrated at room temperature, suggesting the GFET/ferroelectric-gate devices provide a promising high-sensitivity scheme for uncooled detection of electrical dipole dynamic switch. C1 [Ma, Chunrui; Gong, Youpin; Lu, Rongtao; Wu, Judy] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Brown, Emery; Li, Jun] Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Ma, Beihai] Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Syst Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ma, CR (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM chunrui.ma@gmail.com; jwu@ku.edu RI Li, Jun/H-7771-2013; Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013; Gong, Youpin/O-2727-2014 OI Li, Jun/0000-0002-3689-8946; Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773; Gong, Youpin/0000-0002-2155-9511 FU NASA [NNX13AD42A]; ARO [W911NF-12-1-0412]; NSF [NSF-DMR-1105986, NSF-EPSCoR-0903806]; State of Kansas through Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation FX The authors acknowledge support in part by NASA contract No. NNX13AD42A, ARO contract No. W911NF-12-1-0412, and NSF contracts Nos. NSF-DMR-1105986 and NSF-EPSCoR-0903806, and matching support from the State of Kansas through Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2015 VL 7 IS 44 BP 18489 EP 18497 DI 10.1039/c5nr03491d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CW2LO UT WOS:000364824000016 PM 26331952 ER EF