FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Bostwick, A McChesney, JL Ohta, T Emtsev, KV Seyller, T Horn, K Rotenberg, E AF Bostwick, Aaron McChesney, Jessica L. Ohta, Taisuke Emtsev, Konstantin V. Seyller, Thomas Horn, Karsten Rotenberg, Eli TI The interaction of Xe and Xe plus K with graphene SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE Graphene; Doped graphene; Epitaxial graphene; Rare-gas adsorption ID GRAPHITE; PHOTOEMISSION; ENERGIES; SHIFTS; XENON AB We have investigated the electronic properties of monolayer graphene with adsorbed layers of xenon or potassium, or a combination of the two. The formation of the first Xe layer is characterized by a dipole polarization which is quenched by a second Xe layer. By comparing K on Xe on graphene to K on bare graphene, we determine the K contribution to trigonal warping and mass renormalization due to electron-phonon coupling. The former is found to be small but significant, while the latter is shown to be negligible. Thus, previously determined values of electron-phonon coupling for K on graphene are shown to be intrinsic to doped graphene and not determined by the proximity of K ions to the graphene. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bostwick, Aaron; McChesney, Jessica L.; Ohta, Taisuke; Rotenberg, Eli] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McChesney, Jessica L.] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Ohta, Taisuke; Horn, Karsten] Fritz Haber Inst Max Planck Gesell, Berlin, Germany. [Emtsev, Konstantin V.; Seyller, Thomas] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys Kondensierten Mat, Erlangen, Germany. RP Bostwick, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM abostwick@lbl.gov RI Seyller, Thomas/F-8410-2011; Bostwick, Aaron/E-8549-2010; McChesney, Jessica/K-8911-2013; Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009 OI Seyller, Thomas/0000-0002-4953-2142; McChesney, Jessica/0000-0003-0470-2088; Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 183 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 118 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2010.05.003 PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 740YW UT WOS:000288831300017 ER PT J AU He, RH Zhou, XJ Hashimoto, M Yoshida, T Tanaka, K Mo, SK Sasagawa, T Mannella, N Meevasana, W Yao, H Fujita, M Adachi, T Komiya, S Uchida, S Ando, Y Zhou, F Zhao, ZX Fujimori, A Koike, Y Yamada, K Hussain, Z Shen, ZX AF He, R-H Zhou, X. J. Hashimoto, M. Yoshida, T. Tanaka, K. Mo, S-K Sasagawa, T. Mannella, N. Meevasana, W. Yao, H. Fujita, M. Adachi, T. Komiya, S. Uchida, S. Ando, Y. Zhou, F. Zhao, Z. X. Fujimori, A. Koike, Y. Yamada, K. Hussain, Z. Shen, Z-X TI Doping dependence of the (pi, pi) shadow band in La-based cuprates studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; PHASE-TRANSITION; FERMI-SURFACE; FLUCTUATING STRIPES; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; ENERGY GAPS; BI2SR2CACU2O8+X; LA2-XSRXCUO4; EXCITATIONS; PSEUDOGAP AB The (pi, pi) shadow band (SB) in the La-based cuprate family (La214) was studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy over a wide doping range from x = 0.01 to x = 0.25. Unlike the well-studied case of the Bi-based cuprate family, an overall strong, monotonic doping dependence of the SB intensity at the Fermi level (E-F) was observed. In contrast to a previous report for the presence of the SB only close to x = 1/8, we found that it exists in a wide doping range, associated with a doping-independent (pi, pi) wave vector but a strongly doping-dependent intensity: it is strongest at x similar to 0.03 and systematically diminishes as the doping increases until it becomes negligible in the overdoped regime. This SB with the observed doping dependence of intensity can in principle be caused by the antiferromagnetic fluctuations or a particular form of low-temperature orthorhombic lattice distortion known to persist up to x similar to 0.21 in the system, with both being weakened with increasing doping. However, a detailed binding-energy-dependent analysis of the SB at x = 0.07 does not appear to support the former interpretation, leaving the latter as a more plausible candidate, despite a challenge in quantitatively linking the doping dependences of the SB intensity and the magnitude of the lattice distortion. Our finding highlights the necessity for a careful and global consideration of the inherent structural complications for correctly understanding the cuprate Fermiology and its microscopic implication. C1 [He, R-H; Zhou, X. J.; Hashimoto, M.; Yoshida, T.; Tanaka, K.; Mo, S-K; Sasagawa, T.; Mannella, N.; Meevasana, W.; Yao, H.; Shen, Z-X] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [He, R-H; Zhou, X. J.; Hashimoto, M.; Yoshida, T.; Tanaka, K.; Mo, S-K; Sasagawa, T.; Mannella, N.; Meevasana, W.; Yao, H.; Shen, Z-X] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [He, R-H; Hashimoto, M.; Tanaka, K.; Mo, S-K; Sasagawa, T.; Mannella, N.; Meevasana, W.; Shen, Z-X] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Inst Mat & Energy Sci, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [He, R-H; Zhou, X. J.; Hashimoto, M.; Tanaka, K.; Mo, S-K; Mannella, N.; Hussain, Z.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhou, X. J.; Zhou, F.; Zhao, Z. X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Lab Superconduct, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Yoshida, T.; Uchida, S.; Fujimori, A.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Tanaka, K.] Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Sasagawa, T.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Mat & Struct Lab, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. [Mannella, N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Meevasana, W.] Suranaree Univ Technol, Sch Phys, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand. [Fujita, M.; Yamada, K.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Fujita, M.; Yamada, K.] Tohoku Univ, World Premier Int Res Ctr Initiat, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Adachi, T.; Koike, Y.] Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Komiya, S.] Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Tokyo 2018511, Japan. [Ando, Y.] Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Osaka 5670047, Japan. RP He, RH (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM ruihuahe@lbl.gov RI Fujita, Masaki/D-8430-2013; He, Ruihua/A-6975-2010; Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009; Yao, Hong/D-3202-2011; Ando, Yoichi/B-8163-2013; Mo, Sung-Kwan/F-3489-2013; Sasagawa, Takao/E-6666-2014 OI Yao, Hong/0000-0003-2867-6144; Ando, Yoichi/0000-0002-3553-3355; Mo, Sung-Kwan/0000-0003-0711-8514; Sasagawa, Takao/0000-0003-0149-6696 FU SGF; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-76SF00515, DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF [DMR-0604701]; MEXT (Japan) [20540342, 19340090] FX R-HH thanks the SGF for financial support. The work at Stanford and ALS was supported by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences under contracts DE-AC02-76SF00515 and DE-AC02-05CH11231 and by NSF grant DMR-0604701. The work at Tohoku was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (20540342) and (B) (19340090) from the MEXT (Japan). NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 13 AR 013031 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/13/1/013031 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 741YK UT WOS:000288903600031 ER PT J AU Schuck, PC Shrader, D Stoller, RE AF Schuck, Paul C. Shrader, David Stoller, Roger E. TI Ab initio study of palladium and silicon carbide SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE silicon carbide; palladium; ab initio; DFT; SiC ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; INTERFACE REACTIONS; CARBON INTERSTITIALS; SELF-DIFFUSION; PD; METALS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; CLUSTERS; DEFECT AB Ab initio methods have been used to investigate the properties of Pd as impurity in bulk SiC at five charged states within the framework of density functional theory using the local spin density approximation. It was found that Pd interstitials and substitutionals have similar energy to their intrinsic counterparts. In addition, Pd substitutes for a vacancy, di-vacancy, and tri-vacancy with similar energies. Pd diffuses through SiC via an interstitial mechanism employing the tetrahedral sites and Pd can substitute for Si and C at positive charged states. Removing electrons (p-type doping) from SiC lowers the formation and migration energies of Pd defects in SiC for most configurations. C1 [Schuck, Paul C.; Stoller, Roger E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Shrader, David] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Schuck, PC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS6138, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM schuckpc@ornl.gov RI Stoller, Roger/H-4454-2011 FU US Department of Energy - Nuclear Energy Fuel Cycle Research; Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX This work was funded under the US Department of Energy - Nuclear Energy Fuel Cycle Research and Development Deep Burn program with Oak Ridge National Laboratory. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2011 VL 91 IS 3 BP 458 EP 467 AR PII 928531870 DI 10.1080/14786435.2010.521528 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 695FB UT WOS:000285354900008 ER PT J AU Blau, PJ Erdman, DL Ohriner, E Jolly, BC AF Blau, Peter J. Erdman, D. L., III Ohriner, E. Jolly, B. C. TI High-Temperature Galling Characteristics of TI-6AL-4V with and without Surface Treatments SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Galling; Surface Modification; Titanium ID TITANIUM-ALLOYS; WEAR AB Galling is a severe form of surface damage in metals and alloys that typically arises under relatively high normal force and low sliding speed and in the absence of effective lubrication. It can lead to macroscopic surface roughening and seizure. The occurrence of galling can be especially problematic in high-temperature applications like diesel engine exhaust gas recirculation system components and adjustable turbocharger vanes, because suitable lubricants may not be available, moisture desorption promotes increased adhesion, and the yield strength of metals decreases with temperature. Oxidation can counteract these effects to some extent by forming lubricative oxide films. Two methods to improve the galling resistance of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V were investigated: (a) applying an oxygen diffusion treatment and (b) creating a metal-matrix composite with TiB2 using a high-intensity infrared heating source. A new oscillating three-pin-on-flat, high-temperature test method was developed and used to characterize galling behavior relative to a cobalt-based alloy (Stellite 6B, HP Alloys, Windfall, IN). The magnitude of the oscillating torque, the surface roughness, and observations of surface damage were used as measures of galling resistance. Due to the formation of lubricative oxide films, the galling resistance of the Ti alloy at 485 degrees C, even nontreated, was considerably better than it was at room temperature. The infrared (IR)-formed composite displayed reduced surface damage and lower torque than the substrate titanium alloy. C1 [Blau, Peter J.; Erdman, D. L., III; Ohriner, E.; Jolly, B. C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Blau, PJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX This research project was supported by the Laboratory-Directed Research and Development Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. ORNL is managed for the U.S. Department of Energy by UT-Battelle, LLC. The authors thank S. Pawel and A. Wereszczak, of the Materials Science and Technology Division, ORNL, for their helpful comments during the internal review of this article. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PY 2011 VL 54 IS 2 BP 192 EP 200 AR PII 931555373 DI 10.1080/10402004.2010.534837 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 738SP UT WOS:000288662800003 ER PT J AU Jee, SS Kasinath, RK DiMasi, E Kim, YY Gower, L AF Jee, Sang Soo Kasinath, Rajendra Kumar DiMasi, Elaine Kim, Yi-Yeoun Gower, Laurie TI Oriented hydroxyapatite in turkey tendon mineralized via the polymer-induced liquid-precursor (PILP) process SO CRYSTENGCOMM LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE; COLLAGEN FIBRILS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; APATITE NUCLEATION; CARBONATE FILMS; MATERIAL BONE; I COLLAGEN; CALCIFICATION; NANOSCALE; ZEBRAFISH AB Bone is a hierarchically structured composite which imparts it with unique mechanical properties and bioresorptive potential. These properties are primarily influenced by the underlying nanostructure of bone, which consists of nanocrystals of hydroxyapatite embedded and uniaxially aligned within collagen fibrils. There is also a small fraction of non-collagenous proteins in bone, and these are thought to play an important role in bone's formation. In our in vitro model system of bone formation, polyanionic peptides are used to mimic the role of the non-collagenous proteins. In our prior studies, we have shown that intrafibrillar mineralization can be achieved in synthetic reconstituted collagen sponges using a polymer-induced liquid-precursor (PILP) mineralization process. This led to a nanostructured arrangement of hydroxyapatite crystals within the individual fibrils which closely mimics that of bone. This report demonstrates that biogenic collagen scaffolds obtained from turkey tendon, which consist of densely packed and oriented collagen fibrils, can also be mineralized by the PILP process. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies show that the mineralization process leads to a high degree of crystallographic orientation at the macroscale, thus emulating that found in the biological system of naturally mineralizing turkey tendon. C1 [Jee, Sang Soo; Kasinath, Rajendra Kumar; Kim, Yi-Yeoun; Gower, Laurie] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Jee, Sang Soo] Samsung Elect Co LTD, Mat Synth Grp, Mat Res Ctr, Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [Kasinath, Rajendra Kumar] Univ Montana, Dept Environm Engn, Montana Tech, Butte, MT USA. [DiMasi, Elaine] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kim, Yi-Yeoun] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Gower, L (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM RKasinath@mtech.edu; dimasi@bnl.gov; lgowe@mse.ufl.edu RI Gower, Laurie/A-5947-2008 OI Gower, Laurie/0000-0003-2927-5406 FU National Science Foundation [BES-0404000]; USDOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Funding for this work was provided by grant BES-0404000 from the National Science Foundation. The National Synchrotron Light Source is supported by USDOE Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 54 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 42 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1466-8033 J9 CRYSTENGCOMM JI Crystengcomm PY 2011 VL 13 IS 6 BP 2077 EP 2083 DI 10.1039/c0ce00605j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 729BV UT WOS:000287923800053 ER PT J AU Ritchie, B AF Ritchie, Burke TI Quantum Molecular Dynamics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE quantum; molecular; dynamics ID STATES AB Electron or ion dynamics are treated using spin-dependent quantum trajectories. These trajectories are inferred from the Dirac current, which contributes Schroedinger's current and additional spin-dependent terms, all of which are of order c(0) in the nonrelativistic regime of particle velocity, where c is the speed of light. The many-body problem is treated precisely as in classical dynamics. Each electron or ion has its own equation of motion, which is the time-dependent Dirac or the time-dependent Schroedinger equation in the relativistic or nonrelativistic regime of particle velocity, respectively. As an example the theory is applied to the electronic structure of the helium atom, in which two electrons with opposite spin states are shown to correlate such that their quantum trajectories keep them on average on opposite sides of the nucleus. As the theory is time dependent, excited states are also generated. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 111: 1-7, 2011 C1 [Ritchie, Burke] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Ritchie, Burke] Livermore Software Technol Corp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ritchie, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ritchie1@llnl.gov FU Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, (LLNS) [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX Contract grant sponsor: Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, (LLNS).; Contract grant number: DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 111 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1002/qua.22371 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 680EP UT WOS:000284215500001 ER PT J AU Laenen, E Magnea, L Stavenga, G White, CD AF Laenen, Eric Magnea, Lorenzo Stavenga, Gerben White, Chris D. TI Next-to-eikonal corrections to soft gluon radiation: a diagrammatic approach SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE QCD Phenomenology ID DRELL-YAN PROCESS; CROSS-SECTIONS; LARGE-X; FIELD-THEORY; RESUMMATION; EXPONENTIATION; ORDER; BREMSSTRAHLUNG; SCATTERING; COLLISIONS AB We consider the problem of soft gluon resummation for gauge theory amplitudes and cross sections, at next-to-eikonal order, using a Feynman diagram approach. At the amplitude level, we prove exponentiation for the set of factorizable contributions, and construct effective Feynman rules which can be used to compute next-to-eikonal emissions directly in the logarithm of the amplitude, finding agreement with earlier results obtained using path-integral methods. For cross sections, we also consider sub-eikonal corrections to the phase space for multiple soft-gluon emissions, which contribute to next-to-eikonal logarithms. To clarify the discussion, we examine a class of log(1- x) terms in the Drell-Yan cross-section up to two loops. Our results are the first steps towards a systematic generalization of threshold resummations to next-to-leading power in the threshold expansion. C1 [Laenen, Eric] Univ Amsterdam, ITFA, NL-1090 GL Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Laenen, Eric] Univ Utrecht, ITF, NL-3584 CE Utrecht, Netherlands. [Laenen, Eric] Nikhef, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Magnea, Lorenzo] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Teor, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Magnea, Lorenzo] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Stavenga, Gerben] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [White, Chris D.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [White, Chris D.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Inst Particle Phys Phenomenol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Laenen, E (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, ITFA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1090 GL Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM Eric.Laenen@nikhef.nl; magnea@to.infn.it; stavenga@fnal.gov; c.white@physics.gla.ac.uk OI Magnea, Lorenzo/0000-0002-7016-2756 FU Foundation for Fundamental Research of Matter (FOM); National Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); MIUR (Italy) [2006020509_004]; European Community [MRTN-CT-2006-035505]; STFC; CERN FX This research has been supported by the Foundation for Fundamental Research of Matter (FOM), as part of the programme TPP (Theoretical Particle Physics in the era of the LHC, FP 104); by the National Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); by MIUR (Italy) under contract 2006020509_004; and by the European Community's Marie-Curie Research Training Network 'Tools and Precision Calculations for Physics Discoveries at Colliders' ('HEPTOOLS'), under contract MRTN-CT-2006-035505. CDW is supported by the STFC postdoctoral fellowship "Collider Physics at the LHC", and thanks the Nikhef theory group for hospitality. LM thanks the CERN Theory Division for hospitality and support during crucial stages of this work. NR 55 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 IS 1 AR 141 DI 10.1007/JHEP01(2011)141 PG 67 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 729GW UT WOS:000287937700016 ER PT J AU Humble, TS Bennink, RS Grice, WP AF Humble, Travis S. Bennink, Ryan S. Grice, Warren P. TI Simultaneous teleportation of multiple single-photon degrees of freedom SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Single Photon Technologies CY NOV, 2009 CL Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO HO Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE quantum teleportation; quantum information; quantum optics ID PODOLSKY-ROSEN CHANNELS; QUANTUM TELEPORTATION; DOWN-CONVERSION; WAVE-GUIDE; STATE; DOWNCONVERSION; ENTANGLEMENT AB We report how quantum information encoded into multiple photonic degrees of freedom may be simultaneously teleported using a single, common physical process. The application of teleportation to the complete quantum state of a photon, i.e. the spectral, spatial, and polarization component states, permits the full photonic Hilbert space to be used for encoding information while simultaneously enabling subspaces to be addressed individually, e.g. for quantum information processing. We analyze the feasibility of teleporting the full quantum state through numerical analysis of the fidelity under nominal experimental conditions and for different types of input states, e.g. single-photon states that are separable or entangled in the physical degrees of freedom. C1 [Humble, Travis S.; Bennink, Ryan S.; Grice, Warren P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Humble, TS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM humblets@ornl.gov RI Grice, Warren/L-8466-2013; OI Grice, Warren/0000-0003-4266-4692 NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 EI 1362-3044 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2011 VL 58 IS 3-4 BP 288 EP 298 AR PII 932366935 DI 10.1080/09500340.2010.543291 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 733OQ UT WOS:000288272500011 ER PT J AU Lawson, AC Ledbetter, H AF Lawson, A. C. Ledbetter, H. TI Coupled temperature dependences of volume and compressibility SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE Gruneisen parameter; Anderson-Gruneisen parameter; elasticity; thermal expansion; actinides ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PU-GA ALLOYS; THERMAL-EXPANSION; ELASTIC-MODULI; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ALPHA-URANIUM; ELEMENTS; CONSTANTS; PLUTONIUM; ALUMINUM AB We present a new method for understanding the changes with temperature of the volume and compressibility of solids. These changes depend on five parameters: V-0, B-0, Theta, gamma(G) and delta(T). V-0 and B-0 are the atomic volume and bulk modulus at T = 0K, Theta is the Debye temperature, gamma(G) is the Gruneisen parameter, and delta(T) is the Anderson-Gruneisen parameter. Equations for the temperature-dependent volume, bulk modulus and thermal expansion are given, and examples of the use of these equations are provided, with particular emphasis on the light actinides. For the elements, we examine the relationship between experimental values of gamma(G) and delta(T), and find no clear correlation. In particular, Swenson's rule, which states that the bulk modulus does not change with temperature if the volume is held constant, is a poor approximation to the data. We reveal a new useful approximate relationship between dB/dP and gamma(G). We find that the thermodynamic quantity q, which describes the variation in gamma(G) with volume, distributes around 2, not around 1, as often assumed. We show that the thermal-expansion behavior of Si and Ge (including negative thermal expansion at low temperatures) are well described with the use of a two-level invar model. C1 [Lawson, A. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ledbetter, H.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lawson, AC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM aclawson@cybermesa.com FU Los Alamos National Laboratory under US Department of Energy FX This work was supported in part by the Los Alamos National Laboratory under the auspices of the US Department of Energy. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2011 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1425 EP 1440 DI 10.1080/14786435.2010.537702 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 736IK UT WOS:000288486400001 ER PT J AU Zhang, XF Zheng, HH Battaglia, V Axelbaum, RL AF Zhang, Xiaofeng Zheng, Honghe Battaglia, Vincent Axelbaum, Richard L. TI Flame synthesis of 5 V spinel-LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode-materials for lithium-ion rechargeable-batteries SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Flame synthesis; LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4; Cathode-materials; Li-ion rechargeable-batteries ID SPRAY-PYROLYSIS METHOD; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; CATALYTIC COMBUSTION; SPINEL LIMN2O4; LI INSERTION; POWDERS; NANOPARTICLES; LINI0.5MN1.5O4-DELTA; PEROVSKITES; MORPHOLOGY AB The lithium transition metal oxide LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 with an Fd (3) over barm space group (SG) structure has shown great potential as a cathode material for 5 V lithium-ion rechargeable-batteries. In this work, a flame-assisted spray technology (FAST) was developed to produce nanostructured LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 powder in a continuous manner. The as-synthesized powder had a uniform morphology, was spherical in shape and had a nanocrystalline structure, as observed by SEM and TEM. The XRD pattern of the as-synthesized powder matched the spectrum of spinel-LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4. The average grain size was about 16 nm, as calculated by XRD. However, XRD also indicated the impurity Mn2NiO4 in the powder. By varying flame temperature, it was possible to show that the impurity was formed due to the high temperature of the flame. While flame temperature was minimized by lowering the H-2/N-2 ratio, it was not possible to completely eliminate Mn2NiO4 from the as-synthesized powder. After annealing at 800 degrees C for 2 h, the impurity was eliminated, and the XRD pattern of the powder indicated a pure-phase spinel structure with an Fd (3) over barm SG. The electrochemical performance of the flame-synthesized LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 powder was tested in coin-type test batteries that were charged and discharged at constant current under a 5 V potential. The test cells showed the characteristic voltage plateaus of spinel-LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (Fd (3) over barm SG). The material proved to be electrochemically active as a cathode material for lithium-ion rechargeable-batteries. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Zhang, Xiaofeng; Axelbaum, Richard L.] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, Ctr Mat Innovat, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Zheng, Honghe; Battaglia, Vincent] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Energy Technol Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Axelbaum, RL (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, Ctr Mat Innovat, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM axelbaum@wustl.edu RI Hu, Xiaojuan/C-4383-2014 FU NSF under CBET; Center for Material Innovation at Washington University FX The authors are grateful to Dr. Gao Liu at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab for the assistance in battery test, funding from NSF under the CBET program and funding from the Center for Material Innovation at Washington University in St. Louis. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 1867 EP 1874 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.084 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 698XR UT WOS:000285629000022 ER PT J AU Weismiller, MR Malchi, JY Lee, JG Yetter, RA Foley, TJ AF Weismiller, M. R. Malchi, J. Y. Lee, J. G. Yetter, R. A. Foley, T. J. TI Effects of fuel and oxidizer particle dimensions on the propagation of aluminum containing thermites SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Energetic materials; Nano-aluminum; Burning rate; Thermites ID AL/CUO NANOSCALE THERMITE; COMBUSTION BEHAVIOR; COMPOSITES; NANO; MECHANISMS; AL/MOO3; AL2O3 AB Results from combustion experiments, in which the fuel and oxidizer particle sizes of Al/CuO and Al/MoO3 thermites were varied between the nanometer and micrometer scale, are presented to gain further insight into the factors governing their rate of propagation. The experiments were performed with thermite mixtures loosely packed in an instrumented burn tube. Critical properties, including linear propagation rates, dynamic pressure, and spectral emission, were measured and compared to determine if the scale of one constituent had more influence over the rate of propagation than the other. It was found that, although nano-fuel/nano-oxidizer composites propagated the fastest for both the Al/CuO and Al/MoO3 thermites, composites containing micron-aluminum and a nano-scale oxidizer propagated significantly faster than a composite of nano-aluminum and a micron-scale oxidizer. The impact of nano-scale oxidizer versus nano-scale Al is twofold. Firstly, mixtures containing nano-aluminum have a greater mass percentage of Al2O3, which reduces reaction temperatures and propagation rates. Secondly, reactions in porous nano-thermites propagate through a convective mechanism; with heat transfer being driven by flow induced by large pressure gradients. Mixtures containing nano-scale oxidizer particles show faster pressurization rates. Because the majority of gas generation is due to the decomposition or vaporization of the oxide in these reactions, and oxide particles on the nano-scale have shorter heat-up times and smaller length scales for gas diffusion than micron particles, convective burning is greatly enhanced with the nano-scale oxidizer. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Weismiller, M. R.; Malchi, J. Y.; Lee, J. G.; Yetter, R. A.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Foley, T. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Weismiller, MR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, 15 Res Bldg E,Bigler Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mrw213@psu.edu FU US Army Research Office under the Multi-University Research Initiative [W911NF-04-1-0178]; (DoD/DOE) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) FX This work was sponsored by the US Army Research Office under the Multi-University Research Initiative Contract No. W911NF-04-1-0178. The support and encouragement provided by Dr. Ralph Anthenien is gratefully acknowledged. T.J.F. was supported by the Joint Munitions Program (DoD/DOE) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The authors would also like to acknowledge Ed Roemer of LANL for the SEM micrograph in la. and Maria Klimkiewicz from Penn State's Materials Characterization Lab for her help obtaining the SEM images lb.-f. NR 13 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 1989 EP 1996 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.104 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 698XR UT WOS:000285629000037 ER PT J AU Kuhl, AL Bell, JB Beckner, VE Reichenbach, H AF Kuhl, A. L. Bell, J. B. Beckner, V. E. Reichenbach, H. TI Gasdynamic model of turbulent combustion in TNT explosions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE TNT detonation products; Turbulent combustion; ILES; Barometric calorimeter ID HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT AB A model is proposed to simulate turbulent combustion in confined TNT explosions. It is based on: (i) the multi-component gasdynamic conservation laws, (ii) a fast-chemistry model for TNT-air combustion, (iii) a thermodynamic model for frozen reactants and equilibrium products, (iv) a high-order Godunov scheme providing a non-diffusive solution of the governing equations, and (v) an ILES approach whereby adaptive mesh refinement is used to capture the energy-bearing scales of the turbulence on the grid. Three-dimensional numerical simulations of explosion fields from 1.5-g PETN/TNT charges were performed. Explosions in six different chambers were studied: three calorimeters (volumes of 6.6-L, 21.2-L and 40.5-L with L/D = 1), and three tunnels (L/D = 3.8, 4.65 and 12.5 with volumes of 6.3-L)-to investigate the influence of chamber volume and geometry on the combustion process. Predicted pressures histories were quite similar to measured pressure histories for all cases studied. Experimentally, mass-fraction of products, Y-P(exp), reached a peak value of 88% at an excess air ratio of twice stoichiometric, and then decayed with increasing air dilution; mass-fractions Y-P(calc) computed from the numerical simulations followed similar trends. Based on this agreement, we conclude that the dominant effect that controls the rate of TNT combustion with air is the turbulent mixing rate; the ILES approach along with the fast-chemistry model used here adequately captures this effect. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kuhl, A. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Bell, J. B.; Beckner, V. E.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Reichenbach, H.] Ernst Mach Inst, D-79104 Freburg, Germany. RP Kuhl, AL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM kuhl2@llnl.gov FU US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344. LLNL-CONF-422265] FX This work performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. LLNL-CONF-422265. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 2177 EP 2185 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.07.085 PN 2 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 698XR UT WOS:000285629000058 ER PT J AU Jackson, SI Kiyanda, CB Short, M AF Jackson, Scott I. Kiyanda, Charles B. Short, Mark TI Experimental observations of detonation in ammonium-nitrate-fuel-oil (ANFO) surrounded by a high-sound-speed, shockless, aluminum confiner SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Detonation; Non-ideal explosive; Homemade explosive; Precursor; Confiner AB Detonations in explosive mixtures of ammonium-nitrate-fuel-oil (ANFO) confined by aluminum allow for transport of detonation energy ahead of the detonation front due to the aluminum sound-speed exceeding the detonation velocity. The net effect of this energy transport on the detonation is unclear. It could enhance the detonation by precompressing the explosive near the wall. Alternatively, it could decrease the explosive performance by crushing porosity required for initiation by shock compression or destroying confinement ahead of the detonation. At present, these phenomena are not well understood. But with slowly detonating, non-ideal high explosive (NIHE) systems becoming increasing prevalent, proper understanding and prediction of the performance of these metal-confined NIHE systems is desirable. Experiments are discussed that measured the effect of ANFO detonation energy transported upstream of the front by a 76-mm-inner-diameter aluminum confining tube. Detonation velocity, detonation front-shape, and aluminum response are recorded as a function of confiner wall thickness and length. Detonation shape profiles display little curvature near the confining surface, which is attributed to energy transported upstream modifying the flow. Average detonation velocities were seen to increase with increasing confiner thickness, while wavefront curvature decreased due to the stiffer, subsonic confinement. Significant radial sidewall tube motion was observed immediately ahead of the detonation. Axial motion was also detected, which interfered with the front-shape measurements in some cases. It was concluded that the confiner was able to transport energy ahead of the detonation and that this transport has a definite effect on the detonation by modifying its characteristic shape. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Jackson, Scott I.; Kiyanda, Charles B.; Short, Mark] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam & Energet Mat Div, Shock & Detonat Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jackson, SI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam & Energet Mat Div, Shock & Detonat Phys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sjackson@lanl.gov OI Jackson, Scott/0000-0002-6814-3468 FU U.S. Department of Energy FX The authors are grateful to Robert Mier, John Morris, and Larry Vaughan for their assistance fielding these experiments and to Matt Briggs, Steve Hare, and Mike Shinas for their expertise with the PDV system. This work was managed by Jim Koster and David Robbins and supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 2219 EP 2226 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.07.084 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 698XR UT WOS:000285629000063 ER PT J AU Kook, S Pickett, LM AF Kook, Sanghoon Pickett, Lyle M. TI Soot volume fraction and morphology of conventional and surrogate jet fuel sprays at 1000-K and 6.7-MPa ambient conditions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Jet fuel; Laser extinction; PLII; TEM; Soot morphology ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; DIESEL; PARTICLES; MICROSTRUCTURE; VISUALIZATION; EXTINCTION; ENGINES; FLAMES AB This paper presents soot processes of a blend of 23% m-xylene and 77% n-dodecane, which has been selected by several working groups as a surrogate for jet fuel. Fuel sprays were injected into high-temperature, high-pressure ambient conditions that are representative of practical engine combustion. Simultaneous laser extinction (KL) measurement and planar laser-induced incandescence imaging were performed to derive the in situ soot volume fraction. Also, soot particles were extracted from different positions within the reacting jet by means of a thermophoretic probe, and analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to clarify the soot structure and its correlation with the measured soot volume fraction. The same measurements were repeated for the conventional jet fuel to understand the overall performance of the selected surrogate fuel. The soot volume fraction results show that, at fixed ambient conditions, the surrogate fuel produces more soot than the conventional jet fuel. The TEM images show that the soot aggregates are more agglomerated, which may not be easily eliminated by in-cylinder oxidation. The total number of primary particles and the mean primary particle size are higher for the surrogate fuel, consistent with the soot volume fraction trend. Considering that there is similar lift-off length between fuels, the differences in soot level and morphology are caused by molecular structure effects, such as a higher aromatic content. The quantitative soot database obtained from the present study offers data for the validation of soot kinetic models, particularly at high temperature and pressure conditions where little fundamental data exist. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Kook, Sanghoon] Univ New S Wales, Sch Mech Eng, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Pickett, Lyle M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kook, S (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Mech Eng, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM s.kook@unsw.edu.au RI Kook, Sanghoon/C-5372-2009 OI Kook, Sanghoon/0000-0002-7620-9789 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [WP-1578]; DOE Office of Vehicle Technologies; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Support for this research was provided by Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) Project WP-1578, with facilities supported by the DOE Office of Vehicle Technologies. The research was performed at the Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The authors thank Dave Cicone for ongoing upkeep of the laboratory. NR 26 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 2911 EP 2918 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.05.073 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 698XR UT WOS:000285629000144 ER PT J AU Weiland, N Chen, RH Strakey, P AF Weiland, N. Chen, R. -H. Strakey, P. TI Effects of coaxial air on nitrogen-diluted hydrogen jet diffusion flame length and NOx emission SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen; Flame; Turbulent; Diffusion ID NON-PREMIXED FLAMES; NONPREMIXED FLAMES; TURBULENT; RADIATION; NUMBER AB Turbulent nitrogen-diluted hydrogen jet diffusion flames with high velocity coaxial air flows are investigated for their NOx emission levels. This study is motivated by the DOE Turbine program's goal of achieving 2 ppm NOx from gas turbine combustors running on diluted high-hydrogen fuels. In this study, effects of coaxial air velocity and momentum are varied while maintaining low overall equivalence ratios to eliminate the effects of combustion product recirculation on flame lengths, flame temperatures, and resulting NOx emission levels. The nature of flame length and NOx emission scaling relationships are found to vary, depending on whether the combined fuel and coaxial air jet is fuel-rich or fuel-lean. In the absence of differential diffusion effects, flame lengths agree well with predicted trends, and NOx emissions levels decrease with increasing coaxial air velocity, as expected. Normalizing the NOx emission index with a flame residence time reveals that a global flame strain based on the difference between the fuel and coaxial air velocities is not a viable scaling parameter, as has traditionally been used. A new scaling relationship that accounts for enhanced mixing via flame length reduction is found to provide an excellent collapse of the data with the correct Damkohler number scaling. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Strakey, P.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Weiland, N.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Weiland, N.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Chen, R. -H.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Strakey, P (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM peter.strakey@netl.doe.gov OI Weiland, Nathan/0000-0001-9382-6909 FU US DOE; NETL FX The support of the US DOE Turbines program is gratefully acknowledged. R.-H. Chen would like to thank NETL for financial support for his time spent at NETL-Pittsburgh during his sabbatical leave 2006-07. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 2983 EP 2989 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.075 PN 2 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 698XR UT WOS:000285629000153 ER PT J AU Dahms, R Felsch, C Rohl, O Peters, N AF Dahms, R. Felsch, C. Roehl, O. Peters, N. TI Detailed chemistry flamelet modeling of mixed-mode combustion in spark-assisted HCCI engines SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Spark-assisted HCCI; Ignition; SparkCIMM; G-Equation; Multi-Zone Model ID BURNING VELOCITIES; IGNITION AB A detailed chemistry mixed-mode flamelet model for the prediction of combustion in spark-assisted homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines is presented in this paper. The complex phenomena of spark-channel processes (turbulent corrugation, multiple restrikes) and of early flame kernel propagation (localized flame kernel formation, non-spherical early flame shapes), both induced by spray-guided spark-ignition combustion initiation, are captured by the recently introduced SparkCIMM ignition model. In this paper, laminar burning velocities and flame thicknesses are calculated along the mean turbulent flame front, using tabulated detailed chemistry flamelet calculations to appropriately consider locally rich, highly diluted, and auto-igniting stratified mixtures. Flame extinction criterions are formulated and incorporated into an extended G-equation flame front tracking scheme. Auto-ignition processes in the unburnt mixture, controlled by the flame-induced pressure and temperature increase, are captured by a recently developed multi-zone flamelet model that accounts for detailed chemistry and effects of scalar mixing on turbulent combustion. The laminar burning velocity is shown to increase significantly as the flame propagates into the chemically reacting mixture within the first stage of auto-ignition. After the initiation of the thermal runaway, however, flame extinction occurs rapidly. These interactions of mixed-mode combustion processes are captured by the presented flamelet model. It is developed based on a time and length scale analysis, revealing a scale separation between the ignition delay of diffusion combustion and the flame time of flame propagation. The analysis of the mixture preparation process, along with the simulation of turbulent flame front propagation and its extinction, demonstrates that the prediction of combustion in spark-assisted HCCI engines requires the on hand comprehensive mixed-mode combustion model. A comparison of simulation results from this new model with data from experiments and combustion models of reduced physical complexity proofs its qualification. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Dahms, R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Felsch, C.; Roehl, O.; Peters, N.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Combust Technol, Aachen, Germany. RP Dahms, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, 7011 E Ave,MS 9051, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rndahms@sandia.gov FU General Motors Company; German Research Foundation (DFG) [SFB 686]; RWTH Aachen University, Germany FX The authors are grateful for numerous helpful discussions with Tang-Wei Kuo, Todd D. Fansler, Michael C. Drake, Mark S. Huebler, Nicole Wermuth, and Hardo Barths from the General Motors Company. Mark S. Huebler from the General Motors Company has generated the computational meshes for the simulations. This work was partly funded by the General Motors Company and by the German Research Foundation (DFG) within the Collaborative Research Center "SFB 686 - Modellbasierte Regelung der homogenisierten Niedertemperatur-Verbrennung" at RWTH Aachen University, Germany, and Bielefeld University, Germany [17]. The authors thank Brian Peterson from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA for presenting this work at the 33rd International Symposium on Combustion, Beijing, China, 2010. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 3023 EP 3030 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.08.005 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 698XR UT WOS:000285629000158 ER PT J AU Sjoberg, M Dec, JE AF Sjoeberg, Magnus Dec, John E. TI Effects of EGR and its constituents on HCCI autoignition of ethanol SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Ethanol; HCCI; Autoignition; EGR ID 2-STAGE IGNITION FUELS; SINGLE-STAGE AB The thermodynamic and chemical effects of real EGR, simulated EGR, and individual EGR constituents (N-2, CO2, and H2O) on the HCCI autoignition processes of ethanol have been investigated experimentally and computationally. The results for ethanol were compared in detail with existing data for gasoline, iso-octane, PRF80, and PRF60. The data show that addition of EGR retards the autoignition timing for all five fuels when the intake temperature is maintained constant. However, the amount of retard is dependent on the specific fuel type, with ethanol showing the lowest sensitivity to the addition of clean simulated EGR gases. The response to EGR can be explained by quantifying the various underlying mechanisms. The results show that the single-stage ignition fuel ethanol is quite sensitive to the reduction of compression heating that occurs with EGR due to the higher heat capacity of the EGR gases compared to air. This high sensitivity to the cooling effect of EGR is similar to that of gasoline and iso-octane, which also are single-stage ignition fuels under these conditions. On the other hand, ethanol is very insensitive to the reduction of O-2 concentration associated with the addition of EGR. Both of these characteristics relate to ethanol's molecular stability - it does not react much until just before the hot-ignition point is reached. Consequently, ethanol has a low intermediate-temperature heat-release rate, which leads to a low temperature-rise rate prior to hot ignition, and therefore a high sensitivity to the cooling effect of EGR. Also, the relative lack of intermediate-temperature heat release prevents [O-2] from having much influence on the temperature rise prior to hot ignition, leading to a low sensitivity of the autoignition timing to changes of [O-2]. Finally, both H2O and trace species have significant ignition-enhancing effects for ethanol that to some degree counteract the retarding effect of EGR. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sjoeberg, Magnus; Dec, John E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sjoberg, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9053,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM mgsjobe@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Financial support was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by the Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 3031 EP 3038 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.043 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 698XR UT WOS:000285629000159 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Dec, JE Dronniou, N Sjoberg, M AF Yang, Yi Dec, John E. Dronniou, Nicolas Sjoeberg, Magnus TI Tailoring HCCI heat-release rates with partial fuel stratification: Comparison of two-stage and single-stage-ignition fuels SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE HCCI; Charge stratification; Heat-release rate; Two-stage ignition; Isooctane AB This work concerns one of the major issues restricting the application of homogeneous charge compression-ignition (HCCI) engines, overly rapid combustion at high-load conditions, which can lead to engine knock and potential engine damage. To overcome this problem, partial fuel stratification was used, where most fuel was premixed with intake air and the rest of the fuel was directly injected during the compression stroke. To be effective, this technique depends critically on the fuel autoignition chemistry. PRF73, a mixture of 73 vol% isooctane and 27 vol% n-heptane that exhibits two-stage ignition under these conditions, successfully enabled control of the combustion heat-release rate with properly adjusted injection parameters. More than a 70% reduction in the maximum pressure-rise rate (PRRmax) was achieved, compared to the fully premixed case at the same combustion phasing. Meanwhile, combustion remained stable, efficient, and clean. In particular, NOx emissions were kept well below the US-2010 limits. On the other hand, isooctane, which exhibits single-stage ignition under the present conditions, responded much differently to partial fuel stratification. Instead of reducing PRRmax, isooctane partial stratification increased PRRmax and drastically raised NOx emissions and combustion instability. Such differences between single- and two-stage fuels result from the different response of their autoignition rates to the variations in equivalence ratio produced by partial fuel stratification, termed phi-sensitivity. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Yi; Dec, John E.; Dronniou, Nicolas; Sjoeberg, Magnus] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Yang, Y (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, POB 969,MS 9053, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM yiyang@sandia.gov FU Chevron under WFO [FI083070907-Z]; US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Primary support for this investigation was provided by Chevron under WFO contract FI083070907-Z, managed by William Cannella. The work was performed at the Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA. Support for establishing the HCCI lab facility was provided by the US Department of Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies, managed by Gurpreet Singh. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by the Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 17 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 3047 EP 3055 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.114 PN 2 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 698XR UT WOS:000285629000161 ER PT J AU Gupta, SB Bihari, BP Biruduganti, MS Sekar, RR Zigan, J AF Gupta, Sreenath B. Bihari, Bipin P. Biruduganti, Munidhar S. Sekar, Raj R. Zigan, James TI On use of CO2 chemiluminescence for combustion metrics in natural gas fired reciprocating engines SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Optical diagnostics; Laser ignition; Combustion spectra; Natural gas engine; Chemiluminescence ID EQUIVALENCE RATIO; PREMIXED FLAMES; EMISSION; MIXTURE AB Flame chemiluminescence is widely acknowledged to be an indicator of heat release rate in premixed turbulent flames that are representative of gas turbine combustion. Though heat release rate is an important metric for evaluating combustion strategies in reciprocating engine systems, its correlation with flame chemiluminescence is not well studied. To address this gap an experimental study was carried out in a single-cylinder natural gas fired reciprocating engine that could simulate turbocharged conditions with exhaust gas recirculation. Crank angle resolved spectra (266-795 nm) of flame luminosity were measured for various operational conditions by varying the ignition timing for MBT conditions and by holding the speed at 1800 rpm and Brake Mean effective Pressure (BMEP) at 12 bar. The effect of dilution on CO2* chemiluminescence intensities was studied, by varying the global equivalence ratio (0.6-1.0) and by varying the exhaust gas recirculation rate. It was attempted to relate the measured chemiluminescence intensities to thermodynamic metrics of importance to engine research - in-cylinder bulk gas temperature and heat release rate (HRR) calculated from measured cylinder pressure signals. The peak of the measured CO2* chemiluminescence intensities coincided with peak pressures within +/- 2 CAD for all test conditions. For each combustion cycle, the peaks of heat release rate, spectral intensity and temperature occurred in that sequence, well separated temporally. The peak heat release rates preceded the peak chemiluminescent emissions by 3.8-9.5 CAD, whereas the peak temperatures trailed by 5.8-15.6 CAD. Such a temporal separation precludes correlations on a crank-angle resolved basis. However, the peak cycle heat release rates and to a lesser extent the peak cycle temperatures correlated well with the chemiluminescent emission from CO2*. Such observations point towards the potential use of flame chemiluminescence to monitor peak bulk gas temperatures as well as peak heat release rates in natural gas fired reciprocating engines. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gupta, Sreenath B.; Bihari, Bipin P.; Biruduganti, Munidhar S.; Sekar, Raj R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zigan, James] Cummins Tech Ctr, Columbus, IN 47201 USA. RP Gupta, SB (reprint author), 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sgupta@anl.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support of the US Department of Energy Contract No: DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 3131 EP 3139 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.05.032 PN 2 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 698XR UT WOS:000285629000171 ER PT J AU Killingsworth, NJ Rapp, VH Flowers, DL Aceves, SM Chen, JY Dibble, R AF Killingsworth, Nick J. Rapp, Vi H. Flowers, Daniel L. Aceves, Salvador M. Chen, J. -Y. Dibble, Robert TI Increased efficiency in SI engine with air replaced by oxygen in argon mixture SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen; Internal combustion engine; Noble gas; Argon ID IGNITION AB Basic engine thermodynamics predicts that spark ignited engine efficiency is a function of both the compression ratio of the engine and the specific heat ratio of the working fluid. In practice the compression ratio of the engine is often limited due to knock. Both higher specific heat ratio and higher compression ratio lead to higher end gas temperatures and increase the likelihood of knock. When the knock limit is not reached, increased heat transfer losses at higher compression ratios can limit efficiency. In this paper, we investigate the role of both the compression ratio and the specific heat ratio on engine efficiency by conducting experiments comparing operation of a single-cylinder variable-compression ratio engine with both hydrogen-air and hydrogen-oxygen-argon mixtures. For low load operation, it is found that the hydrogen-oxygen-argon mixtures result in higher indicated thermal efficiencies. Peak efficiency for the hydrogen-oxygen-argon mixtures is found at compression ratio 5.5, whereas for the hydrogen-air mixture with an equivalence ratio of 0.24 the peak efficiency is found at compression ratio 13. The spark timing when operating the engine with hydrogen-oxygen-argon was found to be knock limited for compression ratios above 4.5. However, for operation with hydrogen-air the spark timing was not limited by knock. We apply a three-zone model to help explain the effects of specific heat ratio and compression ratio on efficiency. Operation with hydrogen-oxygen-argon mixtures at low loads is more efficient because the lower compression ratio results in a substantially larger portion of the gas residing in the adiabatic core rather than in the boundary layer and crevices, leading to less heat transfer and more complete combustion. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Killingsworth, Nick J.; Flowers, Daniel L.; Aceves, Salvador M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Rapp, Vi H.; Chen, J. -Y.; Dibble, Robert] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Killingsworth, NJ (reprint author), 7000 E Ave,L-792, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM killingsworth2@llnl.gov RI aceves, salvador/G-9052-2011 OI aceves, salvador/0000-0001-5687-7256 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 3141 EP 3149 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.07.035 PN 2 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 698XR UT WOS:000285629000172 ER PT J AU Shkrob, IA Marin, TW Stepinski, DC Vandegrift, GF Muntean, JV Dietz, ML AF Shkrob, Ilya A. Marin, Timothy W. Stepinski, Dominique C. Vandegrift, George F., III Muntean, John V. Dietz, Mark L. TI Extraction and Reductive Stripping of Pertechnetate from Spent Nuclear Fuel Waste Streams SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE extraction; nuclear waste; technetium ID LEVEL LIQUID WASTE; TECHNETIUM METAL; UREX PROCESS; ION; OXIDES; SEPARATION; REMOVAL; CRYSTAL; FE(II); MEDIA AB An approach directed at rapid sequestration and disposal of technetium-99 from UREX (uranium extraction) liquid waste streams is presented. This stream is generated during reprocessing of light-water-reactor spent fuel to recycle the actinides and separate fission products for waste disposal. U and Tc are co-extracted from a nitric acid solution using tri-n-butylphosphate in dodecane, so that Tc(VII) is present in the strip solution after the actinide separations. The goal is to separate uranyl from the pertechnetate in this U-Tc stream and then sequester Tc in the metallic form. Our approach is based on reductive stripping of pertechnetate either from aqueous solution (for column extractions) or organic solvents (for liquid-liquid extractions). In both of these methods, metallic zinc in the presence of formic acid serves as a reducing agent, and 99Tc is recovered as a co-precipitate of Zn(II) hydroxide and hydrous Tc(IV) oxide, with a Zn:Tc ratio between 1:1 and 2:1mol/mol. This solid residue can be reduced to a Zn-Tc alloy by high temperature (500-700 degrees C) hydrogenation, and the resulting heterophase alloy can be added to a metallic Fe-Zr-Mo waste form that is processed at 1600 degrees C, with subsequent loss of Zn by evaporation. Alternatively, Zn and Tc can be separated and 99Tc sequestered as NH4TcO4 for further reduction to Tc(0) metal. The aqueous Zn reduction process removes 90% of 99Tc per cycle. The nonaqueous Zn reduction in 1:1 methanol - formic acid removes 60-70% of 99Tc per cycle, depending on the extracting agent (such as a tetraalkylammonium nitrate). The extracting agent is recycled in the process. The pertechnetate is extracted from the aqueous phase into 1,2-dichloroethane, which is removed by evaporation and reused. The residue is either calcined and steam reformed to Tc(0) or processed by the nonaqueous Zn reduction method. These methods can be used not only to remove the pertechnetate from the U-Tc product stream, but also to sequester the pertechnetate from aqueous waste streams generated through the processes described in this paper, thereby closing the cycle. The same approaches can be used to close the 99Tc cycle for other methods that are currently being developed at Los Alamos and Argonne National Laboratories. C1 [Shkrob, Ilya A.; Marin, Timothy W.; Stepinski, Dominique C.; Vandegrift, George F., III; Muntean, John V.; Dietz, Mark L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Marin, Timothy W.] Benedictine Univ, Dept Chem, Lisle, IL USA. [Dietz, Mark L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Shkrob, IA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM shkrob@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy [AC02-06CH11357, AN0915020606] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the work of collaborators and those providing technical guidance and review: W. Ebert, J. Fortner, A. Bakel, J. Cunnane, A. Guelis, M. Goldberg, S. Naik, D. Graczyk (all ANL) and J. Wishart (BNL). Programmatic guidance provided by T. Todd (INL) and J. Vienna (PNNL) is gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 and AFCI NE-DOE grant No. AN0915020606. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 46 IS 3 BP 357 EP 368 AR PII 934223972 DI 10.1080/01496395.2010.527893 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 733PG UT WOS:000288274200001 ER PT J AU Ambrose, SH Woldegabriel, G AF Ambrose, Stanley H. Woldegabriel, Giday TI Reconstructing the habitat preferences of Ardipithecus ramidus with paleosol and tooth enamel carbon isotopes: woodland or grassland? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 80th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physical-Anthropologists CY APR 11-16, 2011 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Assoc Phys Anthropol C1 [Ambrose, Stanley H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anthropol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Woldegabriel, Giday] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2011 VL 144 SU 52 BP 76 EP 76 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 730LE UT WOS:000288034000017 ER PT J AU Specht, ED AF Specht, Eliot D. TI Comment on "Sub-15nm Hard X-Ray Focusing with a New Total-Reflection Zone Plate" [Appl. Phys. Express 3 (2010) 076702] SO APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPECKLE C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Specht, ED (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM spechted@ornl.gov RI Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009 OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU JAPAN SOC APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1882-0778 J9 APPL PHYS EXPRESS JI Appl. Phys. Express PD JAN PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 AR 019101 DI 10.1143/APEX.4.019101 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 704RK UT WOS:000286069900034 ER PT J AU Painter, SL AF Painter, Scott L. TI Three-phase numerical model of water migration in partially frozen geological media: model formulation, validation, and applications SO COMPUTATIONAL GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Composite Materials CY JUL 27-31, 2009 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP Inst Mat, Minerals & Mining DE Multiphase flow; Freezing soils; Mars; Permafrost ID POROUS-MEDIA; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SOIL; TRANSPORT; HEAT; FLOW; PERMEABILITY; DIFFUSION; EVOLUTION; SHAPE AB Water in the subsurface of the Earth's cold regions-and possibly the subsurface of Mars-resides in the liquid, vapor, and ice phases. However, relatively few simulations addressing full three-phase, non-isothermal water dynamics in below-freezing porous media have been undertaken. This paper presents a non-isothermal, three-phase approach to modeling water migration in partially frozen porous media. Conservation equations for water (as ice, liquid, and vapor) and a single gas species (in the gas phase and dissolved in water) are coupled to a heat transport equation and solved by a finite-volume method with fully implicit time stepping. Particular attention is given to the method of spatial differencing when the pore space is partially filled with ice. The numerical model is able to reproduce freezing-induced water redistribution observed in laboratory experiments. Simulations of Earth permafrost dynamics and of the formation and evolution of a planetary-scale cryosphere on Mars demonstrate the new capabilities. C1 [Painter, Scott L.] SW Res Inst, Geosci & Engn Div, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Painter, SL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM spainter@lanl.gov RI Painter, Scott/C-2586-2016 OI Painter, Scott/0000-0002-0901-6987 NR 34 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-0597 EI 1573-1499 J9 COMPUTAT GEOSCI JI Comput. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 15 IS 1 BP 69 EP 85 DI 10.1007/s10596-010-9197-z PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 732XV UT WOS:000288223900006 ER PT J AU Brown, RS Hubert, WA Daly, SF AF Brown, Richard S. Hubert, Wayne A. Daly, Steven F. TI A Primer on Winter, Ice, and Fish: What Fisheries Biologists Should Know about Winter Ice Processes and Stream-Dwelling Fish SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ADULT CUTTHROAT TROUT; AGE-0 RAINBOW-TROUT; HABITAT USE; BROWN TROUT; WATER TEMPERATURE; SWIMMING ACTIVITY; BODY-COMPOSITION; LARGEMOUTH BASS AB Stream-dwelling fish face highly-variable environmental conditions from fall to winter due to fluctuations in water temperatures, discharge, and ice conditions. We provide an in-depth description of the interactions between these complex environmental conditions and behaviors of stream-dwelling salmonids during winter. Fisheries managers should be aware of the conditions that fish confront during winter in order to make appropriate management decisions. Diverse habitats, including deep pools with low water velocities, coarse rock substrate, and abundant cover, as well as side channels and backwaters, aid in the survival of overwintering fish. The inflow of relatively warm groundwater into the water column can be an important factor affecting winter habitat. Considering the length of winter and the vulnerability of fish during winter, a broad understanding of winter ice process and their effects on stream dwelling fish can aid in the preservation and improvement of winter habitats. C1 [Brown, Richard S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Hubert, Wayne A.] Hubert Fisheries Consulting LLC, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. [Daly, Steven F.] USA, Corps Engineers, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Brown, RS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, Richland, WA 99354 USA. NR 154 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JAN PY 2011 VL 36 IS 1 BP 8 EP 26 AR PII 933540105 DI 10.1577/03632415.2011.10389052 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 733LT UT WOS:000288264900003 ER PT J AU Breckenridge, RP Dakins, ME AF Breckenridge, Robert P. Dakins, Maxine E. TI Evaluation of Bare Ground on Rangelands Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Case Study SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID COVER AB Attention is currently being given to methods that assess the ecological condition of rangelands throughout the United States. Bare ground is being considered by a number of agencies and resource specialists as a key indicator that can be evaluated over a broad area. Traditional methods of measuring bare ground rely on field technicians collecting data along a line transect or from a plot. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) provide an alternative to collecting field data, can monitor a large area in a relatively short period of time, and in many cases, can enhance the safety and time required to collect data. In this study, both fixed-wing and helicopter UAVs were used to measure bare ground in a sagebrush steppe ecosystem. The data were collected with digital imagery and read using the image analysis software, Sample-Point. The approach was tested over seven different plots and compared against traditional field methods to evaluate accuracy for assessing bare ground. The field plots were located on the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) site west of Idaho Falls, Idaho, in locations where there is very little disturbance by humans and the area is grazed only by wildlife. Mean fixed-wing and helicopter UAV bare ground values were within 1% of field estimates. This study shows that if a high degree of detail and data accuracy is desired, a helicopter UAV may be a good platform. If the data collection objective is to assess broad-scale landscape level changes, the collection of imagery with a fixed-wing system is probably more appropriate. C1 [Breckenridge, Robert P.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Dakins, Maxine E.] Univ Idaho, Environm Sci Program, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Breckenridge, RP (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM robert.breckenridge@inl.gov FU U.S. Government with the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC07-05ID14517]; agency of the U.S. Government FX This manuscript was authored by Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC, under U.S. Government Contract No. DE-AC07-05ID14517 with the U.S. Department of Energy. This information was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the U.S. Government. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. References herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 32 PU BELLWETHER PUBL LTD PI COLUMBIA PA 8640 GUILFORD RD, STE 200, COLUMBIA, MD 21046 USA SN 1548-1603 J9 GISCI REMOTE SENS JI GISci. Remote Sens. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 48 IS 1 BP 74 EP 85 DI 10.2747/1548-1603.48.1.74 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA 730CW UT WOS:000288010100005 ER PT J AU Matsunaga, T Kajii, S Matsunaga, K Ishikawa, T Lin, HT Singh, M AF Matsunaga, Tadashi Kajii, Shinji Matsunaga, Kenji Ishikawa, Toshihiro Lin, Hua-Tay Singh, Mrityunjay TI Thermomechanical Performance of Si-Ti-C-O and Sintered SiC Fiber-Bonded Ceramics at High Temperatures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITE; AIR AB The stress-temperature-lifetime response of Si-Ti-C-O fiber-bonded ceramic (Tyrannohex (TM)) and sintered SiC fiber-bonded ceramic (SA-Tyrannohex (TM)) materials as investigated in air from 500 to 1150 degrees C and 500 to 1400 degrees C, respectively. The apparent threshold stress in bending of Si-Ti-C-O fiber-bonded ceramic with a lifetime of more than 1000 h was about 175 MPa in the 500-1150 degrees C temperature range. In the case of sintered SiC fiber-bonded ceramic, when the applied stress was below an apparent threshold stress in bending (e.g., similar to 225 MPa) for tests conducted < 1150 degrees C, no failures were observed for lifetimes up to >= 1000 h. While, at the temperature of >= 1300 degrees C, the apparent threshold stress in bending decreased to 175 MPa. The decrease in strength was caused by grain growth, which was confirmed from scanning electron microscopic fractography. Both fiber-bonded ceramics exhibited much higher durability than a commercial SiC/SiC composite at temperatures above 500 degrees C. In addition, results suggested that the sintered SiC fiber-bonded ceramic (SA-Tyrannohex) exhibited better mechanical performance than a Hi-Nicalon/MI SiC composite with BN/SiC fiber coating at temperatures above 1300 degrees C. C1 [Matsunaga, Tadashi; Kajii, Shinji; Matsunaga, Kenji; Ishikawa, Toshihiro] Ube Ind Ltd, Inorgan Specialty Prod Res Lab, Ube, Yamaguchi 7558633, Japan. [Lin, Hua-Tay] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Singh, Mrityunjay] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA. RP Matsunaga, T (reprint author), Ube Ind Ltd, Inorgan Specialty Prod Res Lab, Ube, Yamaguchi 7558633, Japan. EM matsunagat@ornl.gov FU DOE WFO [NFE-08-01754, DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC FX This work was financially sponsored under DOE WFO Project No. NFE-08-01754 under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2011 VL 8 IS 2 BP 273 EP 281 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2010.02597.x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 730EP UT WOS:000288016300004 ER PT J AU Liu, ZP Sun, JG Pei, ZJ AF Liu, Zunping Sun, Jiangang Pei, Zhijian TI Cross-Polarization Confocal Imaging of Subsurface Flaws in Silicon Nitride SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX MISMATCH; HERTZIAN CONTACT DAMAGE; PARTIAL RING CRACKS; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; ROLLING-CONTACT; MICROSTRUCTURE; SPECIMENS; FRACTURE; PROPAGATION; ABERRATIONS AB A cross-polarization confocal microscopy (CPCM) method was developed to image subsurface flaws in optically translucent silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramics. Unlike conventional confocal microscopy, which measures reflected light so is applicable only to transparent and semi-transparent materials, CPCM detects scattered light from subsurface while filtering out the reflected light from ceramic surface. For subsurface imaging, the refractive-index mismatch between imaging (air) and imaged (ceramic) medium may cause image distortion and reduce resolution in the depth direction. This effect, characterized by an axial scaling factor (ASF), was analyzed and experimentally determined for glass and Si3N4 materials. The experimental CPCM system was used to image Hertzian C-cracks generated by various indentation loads in the subsurface of a Si3N4 specimen. It was demonstrated that CPCM may provide detailed information of subsurface cracks, such as crack angle and path, and subsurface microstructural variations. C1 [Liu, Zunping; Sun, Jiangang] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pei, Zhijian] Kansas State Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Syst Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Liu, ZP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM lzping@anl.gov FU National Science Foundation [DMI-0521203]; DOE Office of Freedom [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through the grant DMI-0521203. Additional support was provided by the Heavy Vehicle Propulsion Materials Program, DOE Office of Freedom CAR and Vehicle Technology Program, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2011 VL 8 IS 2 BP 411 EP 422 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2009.02446.x PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 730EP UT WOS:000288016300017 ER PT J AU Buckley, MR Echenard, B Kahawala, D Randall, L AF Buckley, Matthew R. Echenard, Bertrand Kahawala, Dilani Randall, Lisa TI Stable colored particles R-SUSY relics or not? SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Beyond Standard Model; Hadronic Colliders ID DYNAMICAL SYMMETRY-BREAKING; STANDARD MODEL; DIMENSIONS; SUPERSYMMETRY; COLLIDERS; FERMIONS; SUPERSTRINGS; MILLIMETER; HIERARCHY; SPECTRUM AB R-hadrons are only one of many possible stable colored states that the LHC might produce. All such particles would provide a spectacular, if somewhat unusual, signal at ATLAS and CMS. Produced in large numbers and leaving a characteristic signature throughout all layers of the detector, including the muon chamber, they could be straightforward to discover even with low luminosity. Though such long lived colored particles (LLCPs) can be realized in many extensions of the Standard Model, most analyses of their phenomenology have focused only on R-hadrons. In order to distinguish among the possibilities, fundamental quantum numbers of the new states must be measured. In this paper, we demonstrate how to identify the SU(3)(C) charge and spin of such new particles at the LHC. C1 [Buckley, Matthew R.; Echenard, Bertrand] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Buckley, Matthew R.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kahawala, Dilani; Randall, Lisa] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Buckley, MR (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM buckley@fnal.gov; echenard@hep.caltech.edu; kahawala@physics.harvard.edu; randall@physics.harvard.edu OI Buckley, Matthew/0000-0003-1109-3460 FU Department of Energy [DE-FG03-92-ER40701]; U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE-FG02-92-ER40701]; NSF [PHY-0556111]; General Sir John Monash Award FX We would like to thank the Aspen Center for Physics for providing a wonderful opportunity for collaboration and discussion. MRB thanks Maria Spiropulu for her advice and support. MRB and BE are supported by the Department of Energy, under grant DE-FG03-92-ER40701 This work is supported in part by the U.S. Dept. of Energy under contact DE-FG02-92-ER40701. LR is supported by NSF grant PHY-0556111. DK is supported by the General Sir John Monash Award. NR 78 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 IS 1 AR 013 DI 10.1007/JHEP01(2011)013 PG 19 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 729GY UT WOS:000287937900066 ER PT J AU Freitas, A Schwaller, P AF Freitas, A. Schwaller, P. TI Multi-photon signals from composite models at LHC SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Beyond Standard Model; Technicolor and Composite Models ID SYMMETRY-BREAKING; HIGGS; DECAYS; PARITY; BOSON; SU(2) AB We analyze the collider signals of composite scalars that emerge in certain little Higgs models and models of vectorlike confinement. Similar to the decay of the pion into photon pairs, these scalars mainly decay through anomaly-induced interactions into electroweak gauge bosons, leading to a distinct signal with three or more photons in the final state. We study the standard model backgrounds for these signals, and find that the LHC can discover these models over a large range of parameter space with 30 fb(-1) at 14 TeV. An early discovery at the current 7TeV run is possible in some regions of parameter space. We also discuss possibilities to measure the spin of the particles in the gamma gamma and Z gamma decay channels. C1 [Freitas, A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Schwaller, P.] Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Schwaller, P.] Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Schwaller, P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Freitas, A (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, 3941 OHara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. FU Schweizer Nationalfonds; National Science Foundation [PHY-0854782]; U.S. Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-84ER40173] FX We would like to thank D. Wyler for stimulating discussions, R. Frederix for help with MadGraph and A. Belyaev for help with CalcHEP. This project was supported in part by the Schweizer Nationalfonds, the National Science Foundation under grant PHY-0854782, and by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 and DE-FG02-84ER40173. NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 IS 1 AR 022 DI 10.1007/JHEP01(2011)022 PG 19 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 729GY UT WOS:000287937900058 ER PT J AU Chew, PA Bader, BW Helmreich, S Abdelali, A Verzi, SJ AF Chew, Peter A. Bader, Brett W. Helmreich, Stephen Abdelali, Ahmed Verzi, Stephen J. TI An information-theoretic, vector-space-model approach to cross-language information retrieval SO NATURAL LANGUAGE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID LATENT SEMANTIC ANALYSIS; AUTOMATIC TEXT RETRIEVAL AB In this article, we demonstrate several novel ways in which insights from information theory (IT) and computational linguistics (CL) can be woven into a vector-space-model (VSM) approach to information retrieval (IR). Our proposals focus, essentially, on three areas: preprocessing (morphological analysis), term weighting, and alternative geometrical models to the widely used term-by-document matrix. The latter include (1) PARAFAC2 decomposition of a term-by-document-by-language tensor, and (2) eigenvalue decomposition of a term-by-term matrix (inspired by Statistical Machine Translation). We evaluate all proposals, comparing them to a 'standard' approach based on Latent Semantic Analysis, on a multilingual document clustering task. The evidence suggests that proper consideration of IT within IR is indeed called for: in all cases, our best results are achieved using the information-theoretic variations upon the standard approach. Furthermore, we show that different information-theoretic options can be combined for still better results. A key function of language is to encode and convey information, and contributions of IT to the field of CL can be traced back a number of decades. We think that our proposals help bring I R and CL more into line with one another. In our conclusion, we suggest that the fact that our proposals yield empirical improvements is not coincidental given that they increase the theoretical transparency of VSM approaches to ER; on the contrary, they help shed light on why aspects of these approaches work as they do. C1 [Chew, Peter A.] Moss Adams LLP, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. [Bader, Brett W.; Verzi, Stephen J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Helmreich, Stephen; Abdelali, Ahmed] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Chew, PA (reprint author), Moss Adams LLP, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. EM PeterAChew@aol.com; bwbader@sandia.gov; helmreich@zianet.com; aabdelal@nmsu.edu; sjverzi@sandia.gov OI Abdelali, Ahmed/0000-0002-4160-8181 FU Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was funded by Sandia National Laboratories, a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1351-3249 EI 1469-8110 J9 NAT LANG ENG JI Nat. Lang. Eng. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 17 BP 37 EP 70 DI 10.1017/S1351324910000185 PN 1 PG 34 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Linguistics; Language & Linguistics SC Computer Science; Linguistics GA 716TQ UT WOS:000286996800002 ER PT J AU Goyal, A Field, DP Held, R Mannhart, J AF Goyal, A. Field, D. P. Held, R. Mannhart, J. TI Grain boundary networks in high-performance, heteroepitaxial, YBCO films on polycrystalline, cube-textured metals SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE grain boundaries; grain boundary interfaces; grain boundary engineering ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; COATED CONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT; YBA2CU3O7; TAPES AB Grain boundaries (GBs) in high-temperature superconductors suppress the critical current density (J(c)) dramatically, with the Jc decreasing exponentially with GB angle, especially when GB misorientation exceeds 4 degrees. To reduce the number of high-angle GBs, fabrication of biaxially textured, superconducting wires via heteroepitaxial growth on cube-textured metals has been widely investigated worldwide. Such wires exhibit very high Jc in applied magnetic fields despite having a majority of GBs with total misorientations in the range 4-8 degrees. Here, we show that GB networks in these wires have numerous GBs with out-of-plane misorientations greater than 4 degrees but few boundaries having in-plane misorientations greater than 4 degrees. Transport measurements on bicrystal GBs show that GBs with out-of-plane tilts between 4 degrees and 8 degrees are well linked. Together, these results explain the high performance of superconducting films on cube-textured metals. C1 [Goyal, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Field, D. P.] Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Held, R.; Mannhart, J.] Univ Augsburg, Ctr Elect Correlat & Magnetism, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany. RP Goyal, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM goyala@ornl.gov RI Field, David/D-5216-2012; OI Field, David/0000-0001-9415-0795; Mannhart, Jochen/0000-0001-6331-2640 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; ORNL; Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Science, US Department of Energy; Bavarian Science Foundation (FOROXID) FX A. Goyal would like to thank R. Feenstra of ORNL for providing a 0.12-mu m thick ex situ YBCO film on cube-textured NiW, the data for which were reported in [19]. This research was partially sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability Superconductivity Program, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC managing contractor for Oak Ridge National Laboratory; by ORNL's SHaRE User Program, Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Science, US Department of Energy, and by the Bavarian Science Foundation (FOROXID). NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PY 2011 VL 91 IS 4 BP 246 EP 255 DI 10.1080/09500839.2010.548345 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 732OK UT WOS:000288196300002 ER PT J AU Rakshit, S Sivasankar, S AF Rakshit, Sabyasachi Sivasankar, Sanjeevi TI Cross-linking of a charged polysaccharide using polyions as electrostatic staples SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID MOLECULE FORCE SPECTROSCOPY; POLYELECTROLYTE MOLECULES; SINGLE; HYALURONAN; MICROSCOPY; GLOBULE; CHAIN; CONFORMATIONS; TRANSITIONS; ELASTICITY AB Charged polysaccharides play an essential role in biology and also serve as a promising class of biomaterials. We demonstrate, at the single molecule level, a simple method to cross-link anionic polysaccharides using polyions as electrostatic staples; positive charges on the polyion bridge opposite charges on the polysaccharide and trap its conformation. Cross-linking is detected by measuring step-like conformational transitions when the polysaccharides are stretched using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The probability of cross-linking can be tuned by either titrating or screening the polysaccharide charges; this probability is measured from the width of transitions in the AFM force-extension curves. Polyion mediated cross-linking can be used to reversibly fold polysaccharides and engineer carbohydrates as a stimuli-responsive material that responds to changes in pH and ionic environment. C1 [Rakshit, Sabyasachi; Sivasankar, Sanjeevi] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Rakshit, Sabyasachi; Sivasankar, Sanjeevi] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sivasankar, S (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sivasank@iastate.edu OI Sivasankar, Sanjeevi/0000-0003-2593-0477 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2011 VL 7 IS 6 BP 2348 EP 2351 DI 10.1039/c0sm01309a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 732CX UT WOS:000288162500017 ER PT J AU Naimi, LJ Sokhansanj, S Womac, AR Bi, X Lim, CJ Igathinathane, C Lau, AK Sowlati, T Melin, S Emami, M Afzal, M AF Naimi, L. J. Sokhansanj, S. Womac, A. R. Bi, X. Lim, C. J. Igathinathane, C. Lau, A. K. Sowlati, T. Melin, S. Emami, M. Afzal, M. TI DEVELOPMENT OF A POPULATION BALANCE MODEL TO SIMULATE FRACTIONATION OF GROUND SWITCHGRASS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Bioenergy; Biomass; Fractionation; Knife mill; Modeling; Population balance; Sieving; Size reduction; Switchgrass ID CORN STOVER; SIZE-REDUCTION; MONTE-CARLO; EQUATION; COMMINUTION; MOISTURE; KINETICS; WHEAT; MILL AB The population balance model represents a time-dependent formulation of mass conservation for a ground biomass that flows through a set of sieves. The model is suitable for predicting the change in size and distribution of ground biomass while taking into account the flow rate processes of particles through a grinder. This article describes the development and application of this model to a switchgrass grinding operation. The mass conservation formulation of the model contains two parameters: breakage rate and breakage ratio. A laboratory knife mill was modified to act as a batch or flow-through grinder. The ground switchgrass was analyzed over a set of six Tyler sieves with apertures ranging from 5.66 mm (top sieve) to 1 mm (bottom sieve). The breakage rate was estimated from the sieving tests. For estimating the breakage ratio, each of the six fractions was further ground and sieved to 11 fractions on a set of sieves with apertures ranging from 5.66 to 0.25 mm (and pan). These data formed a matrix of values for determining the breakage ratio. Using the two estimated parameters, the transient population balance model was solved numerically. Results indicated that the population balance model generally underpredicted the fractions remaining on sieves with 5.66, 4.00, and 2.83 mm apertures and overpredicted fractions remaining on sieves with 2.00, 1.41, and 1.00 mm apertures. These trends were similar for both the batch and flow-through grinder configurations. The root mean square of residuals (RSE), representing the difference between experimental and simulated mass of fractions, was 0.32 g for batch grinding and 0.1 g for flow-through grinding. The breakage rate exhibited a linear function of the logarithm of particle size, with a regression coefficient of 0.99. C1 [Naimi, L. J.; Bi, X.; Lau, A. K.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. [Sokhansanj, S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Womac, A. R.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. [Igathinathane, C.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Plains Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Sowlati, T.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Wood Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. [Melin, S.] Delta Res Corp, Delta, BC, Canada. [Emami, M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Food Nutr & Hlth, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. [Afzal, M.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Mech Engn, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. RP Naimi, LJ (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, 2360 E Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. EM ladanj@chbe.ubc.ca RI Lau, Anthony/J-8519-2015; OI Cannayen, Igathinathane/0000-0001-8884-7959 FU USDA [NRCS-68-3A75-4-1365907-002, 11R48554]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; U.S. DOE Office of Biomass Program FX This research was supported in part by USDA funding for size reduction and fractionation research (Project No. (NRCS-68-3A75-4-1365907-002) to the University of Tennessee with a subcontract to the University of British Columbia (11R48554) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. This project was also funded by the U.S. DOE Office of Biomass Program. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 54 IS 1 BP 219 EP 227 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 733AU UT WOS:000288233600023 ER PT J AU Bussmann-Holder, A Simon, A Bishop, AR AF Bussmann-Holder, Annette Simon, Arndt Bishop, Alan R. TI Ferroelectricity and superconductivity: competing or cooperating phenomena SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article DE Ferroelectricity; Superconductivity; Electron-lattice interactions ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; T-C OXIDES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; POLARIZABILITY MODEL; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; RELAXOR FERROELECTRICS; SEMICONDUCTING SRTIO3; BAPB1-XBIXO3 SYSTEM; PHONON ANOMALIES AB The discovery of high temperature superconductivity in layered systems has evoked a heated discussion about the microscopic electron (hole) pairing mechanism. In particular, the proximity of these systems to magnetic phases has been taken as evidence for a purely electronic mechanism. However, structural anomalies and unconventional isotope effects suggest that the lattice plays a crucial role and must be incorporated in modeling the mechanism. Here we show that polarizability effects and Jahn-Teller centers are of special importance, since these enable dynamical charge transfer, interband interactions, polaron and bipolaron formation. In this respect the layered superconductors approach ferroelectrics, where dynamical covalency is known to trigger the structural instability. C1 [Bussmann-Holder, Annette; Simon, Arndt] Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Bishop, Alan R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bussmann-Holder, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM a.bussmann-holder@fkf.mpg.de NR 107 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 26 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2011 VL 226 IS 2 BP 177 EP 185 DI 10.1524/zkri.2011.1292 PG 9 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 731JS UT WOS:000288102900012 ER PT J AU Pekour, MS Cziczo, DJ AF Pekour, Mikhail S. Cziczo, Daniel J. TI Wake Capture, Particle Breakup, and Other Artifacts Associated with Counterflow Virtual Impaction SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; CLOUDS; DESIGN AB Counterflow virtual impaction is used to inertially separate cloud elements from inactivated aerosol. Previous airborne, ground-based, and laboratory studies using this technique exhibit artifacts that are not fully explained by the impaction theory. We have performed laboratory studies that show small particles can be carried across the inertial barrier of the counterflow by collision and/or coalescence or riding the wake of larger particles with sufficient inertia. We have also performed theoretical calculations to show that aerodynamic forces associated with the requisite acceleration and deceleration of particles within a counterflow virtual impactor can lead to breakup. The implication of these processes on studies using this technique is discussed. C1 [Cziczo, Daniel J.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmosphere & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Pekour, Mikhail S.; Cziczo, Daniel J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cziczo, DJ (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmosphere & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM djcziczo@mit.edu FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Aerosol and Climate Initiative FX Funding for this work was provided by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Aerosol and Climate Initiative. The authors wish to thank Gourihar Kulkarni for useful discussions. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 45 IS 6 BP 758 EP 764 DI 10.1080/02786826.2011.558942 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 730CG UT WOS:000288007300009 ER PT J AU Mishra, SK Taylor, MA Nair, RD Tufo, HM Tribbia, JJ AF Mishra, S. K. Taylor, M. A. Nair, R. D. Tufo, H. M. Tribbia, J. J. TI Performance of the HOMME dynamical core in the aqua-planet configuration of NCAR CAM4: equatorial waves SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics; Tropical meteorology AB A new atmospheric dynamical core, named the High Order Method Modeling Environment (HOMME), has been recently included in the NCAR-Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4). It is a petascale capable high-order element-based conservative dynamical core developed on a cubed-sphere grid. We have examined the model simulations with HOMME using the aqua-planet mode of CAM4 (atmospheric component of CCSM4) and evaluated its performance in simulating the equatorial waves, considered a crucial element of climate variability. For this we compared the results with two other established models in CAM4 framework, which are the finite-volume (FV) and Eulerian spectral (EUL) dynamical cores. Although the gross features seem to be comparable, important differences have been found among the three dynamical cores. The phase speed of Kelvin waves in HOMME is faster and more satisfactory than those in FV and EUL. The higher phase speed is attributed to an increased large-scale precipitation in the upper troposphere and a more top-heavy heating structure. The variance of the n = 1 equatorial Rossby waves is underestimated by all three of them, but comparatively HOMME simulations are more reasonable. For the n = 0 eastward inertio-gravity waves, the variances are weak and phase speeds are too slow, scaled to shallow equivalent depths. However, the variance in HOMME is relatively more compared to the two other dynamical cores. The mixed Rossby-gravity waves are feeble in all the three cases. In summary, model simulations using HOMME are reasonably good, with some improvement relative to FV and EUL in capturing some of the important characteristics associated with equatorial waves. C1 [Mishra, S. K.; Tufo, H. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mishra, S. K.; Nair, R. D.; Tufo, H. M.; Tribbia, J. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Taylor, M. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mishra, SK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM saroj@ucar.edu FU US Department of Energy [DE-F402-07ER64464]; DOE/BER [DE-SC0001658]; National Science Foundation FX Many researchers have participated in the development of HOMME. We thank Amik St- Cyr, Jim Edwards, John Dennis, Jose Garcia, Michael Levy, Peter Lauritzen, Rich Loft, Rory Kelly, and Theron Voran for their contributions to HOMME development. Also thanks to Phil Rasch, and Sandeep Sahany for helpful discussions on the results presented here. Thanks are also due the referee and Paolo Michele Ruti (topical editor) for helpful suggestions. This work is supported by the US Department of Energy under grants DE-F402-07ER64464 and DOE/BER program DE-SC0001658. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2011 VL 29 IS 2 BP 221 EP 227 DI 10.5194/angeo-29-221-2011 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 727LG UT WOS:000287800700001 ER PT B AU Stapp, HP AF Stapp, Henry P. BE Tymieniecka, AT Grandpierre, A TI MIND IN THE QUANTUM UNIVERSE SO ASTRONOMY AND CIVILIZATION IN THE NEW ENLIGHTENMENT: PASSIONS OF THE SKIES SE Analecta Husserliana LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT World Congress of Astronomy and Civilization CY AUG 10-13, 2009 CL Lorand Eotvos Univ, Budapest, HUNGARY HO Lorand Eotvos Univ AB Astronomy has affected civilization in many ways, but none more profoundly than its impact on our idea of what we human beings actually are. We, in our innermost aspect, are our minds, and, strange as it may seem, our ideas about the nature of our minds are rooted in astronomy. It is not that our minds themselves are rooted in the stars, instead of in our brains. It is rather that our ideas about our minds are rooted in science, and that our basic science is rooted in astronomy. C1 [Stapp, Henry P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hpstapp@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-481-9747-7 J9 ANALECTA HUSSERL PY 2011 VL 107 BP 189 EP 198 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9748-4_19 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; History & Philosophy Of Science; Philosophy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; History & Philosophy of Science; Philosophy GA BTT98 UT WOS:000288053600020 ER PT J AU Chen, G Ziemba, LD Chu, DA Thornhill, KL Schuster, GL Winstead, EL Diskin, GS Ferrare, RA Burton, SP Ismail, S Kooi, SA Omar, AH Slusher, DL Kleb, MM Reid, JS Twohy, CH Zhang, H Anderson, BE AF Chen, G. Ziemba, L. D. Chu, D. A. Thornhill, K. L. Schuster, G. L. Winstead, E. L. Diskin, G. S. Ferrare, R. A. Burton, S. P. Ismail, S. Kooi, S. A. Omar, A. H. Slusher, D. L. Kleb, M. M. Reid, J. S. Twohy, C. H. Zhang, H. Anderson, B. E. TI Observations of Saharan dust microphysical and optical properties from the Eastern Atlantic during NAMMA airborne field campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL SCATTER/BACKSCATTER NEPHELOMETER; AEROSOL-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SEA-SALT AEROSOLS; MINERAL DUST; PERFORMANCE-CHARACTERISTICS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; HIGH-SENSITIVITY; SAMUM 2006; ART. AB As part of the international project entitled "African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA)", NAMMA (NASA AMMA) aimed to gain a better understanding of the relationship between the African Easterly Waves (AEWs), the Sahara Air Layer (SAL), and tropical cyclogenesis. The NAMMA airborne field campaign was based out of the Cape Verde Islands during the peak of the hurricane season, i.e., August and September 2006. Multiple Sahara dust layers were sampled during 62 encounters in the eastern portion of the hurricane main development region, covering both the eastern North Atlantic Ocean and the western Saharan desert (i.e., 5-22 degrees N and 10-35 degrees W). The centers of these layers were located at altitudes between 1.5 and 3.3 km and the layer thickness ranged from 0.5 to 3 km. Detailed dust microphysical and optical properties were characterized using a suite of in-situ instruments aboard the NASA DC-8 that included a particle counter, an Ultra-High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer, an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer, a nephelometer, and a Particle Soot Absorption Photometer. The NAAMA sampling inlet has a size cut (i.e., 50% transmission efficiency size) of approximately 4 mu m in diameter for dust particles, which limits the representativeness of the NAMMA observational findings. The NAMMA dust observations showed relatively low particle number densities, ranging from 268 to 461 cm(-3), but highly elevated volume density with an average at 45 mu m(3) cm(-3). NAMMA dust particle size distributions can be well represented by tri-modal lognormal regressions. The estimated volume median diameter (VMD) is averaged at 2.1 mu m with a small range of variation regardless of the vertical and geographical sampling locations. The Angstrom Exponent assessments exhibited strong wavelength dependence for absorption but a weak one for scattering. The single scattering albedo was estimated at 0.97 +/- 0.02. The imaginary part of the refractive index for Sahara dust was estimated at 0.0022, with a range from 0.0015 to 0.0044. Closure analysis showed that observed scattering coefficients are highly correlated with those calculated from spherical Mie-Theory and observed dust particle size distributions. These values are generally consistent with literature values reported from studies with similar particle sampling size range. C1 [Chen, G.; Ziemba, L. D.; Thornhill, K. L.; Schuster, G. L.; Winstead, E. L.; Diskin, G. S.; Ferrare, R. A.; Burton, S. P.; Ismail, S.; Kooi, S. A.; Omar, A. H.; Kleb, M. M.; Anderson, B. E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Ziemba, L. D.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chu, D. A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Thornhill, K. L.; Winstead, E. L.; Burton, S. P.; Kooi, S. A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Slusher, D. L.] Coastal Carolina Univ, Conway, SC 29528 USA. [Reid, J. S.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Twohy, C. H.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Zhang, H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Chen, G (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM gao.chen@nasa.gov RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Omar, Ali/D-7102-2017 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Omar, Ali/0000-0003-1871-9235 FU NASA; Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program; Tropospheric Chemistry Program; NASA Radiation Sciences; ONR 32 FX This work was supported by the NASA Radiation Science Program, Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program, and Tropospheric Chemistry Program. Dr. Reid's participation was funded by NASA Radiation Sciences and ONR 32. The authors would like to thank the DC-8 crew and the NAMMA science team for making this work possible. NR 53 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 2 BP 723 EP 740 DI 10.5194/acp-11-723-2011 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 713GE UT WOS:000286722300022 ER PT J AU Mahowald, N Lindsay, K Rothenberg, D Doney, SC Moore, JK Thornton, P Randerson, JT Jones, CD AF Mahowald, N. Lindsay, K. Rothenberg, D. Doney, S. C. Moore, J. K. Thornton, P. Randerson, J. T. Jones, C. D. TI Desert dust and anthropogenic aerosol interactions in the Community Climate System Model coupled-carbon-climate model SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; CYCLE FEEDBACKS; NITROGEN INTERACTIONS; LAND-USE; OCEAN; CO2; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; VARIABILITY; SIMULATION; IMPACT AB Coupled-carbon-climate simulations are an essential tool for predicting the impact of human activity onto the climate and biogeochemistry. Here we incorporate prognostic desert dust and anthropogenic aerosols into the CCSM3.1 coupled carbon-climate model and explore the resulting interactions with climate and biogeochemical dynamics through a series of transient anthropogenic simulations (20th and 21st centuries) and sensitivity studies. The inclusion of prognostic aerosols into this model has a small net global cooling effect on climate but does not significantly impact the globally averaged carbon cycle; we argue that this is likely to be because the CCSM3.1 model has a small climate feedback onto the carbon cycle. We propose a mechanism for including desert dust and anthropogenic aerosols into a simple carbon-climate feedback analysis to explain the results of our and previous studies. Inclusion of aerosols has statistically significant impacts on regional climate and biogeochemistry, in particular through the effects on the ocean nitrogen cycle and primary productivity of altered iron inputs from desert dust deposition. C1 [Mahowald, N.; Rothenberg, D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lindsay, K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Doney, S. C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Moore, J. K.; Randerson, J. T.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Thornton, P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jones, C. D.] Hadley Ctr, Meteorol Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. RP Mahowald, N (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mahowald@ucar.edu RI Thornton, Peter/B-9145-2012; Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Mahowald, Natalie/D-8388-2013; Rothenberg, Daniel/H-1353-2013; Jones, Chris/I-2983-2014 OI Thornton, Peter/0000-0002-4759-5158; Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Mahowald, Natalie/0000-0002-2873-997X; Rothenberg, Daniel/0000-0002-8270-4831; FU NASA [NNG06G127G]; NSF [0748369, 0932946, 0745961, 0832782]; Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101] FX This work was done under the auspices of NASA NNG06G127G, NSF grants 0748369, 0932946, 0745961 and 0832782. The work of C. J. was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). Computer time was obtained from the National Center for Atmospheric Research, a National Science Foundation facility. We thank Marco Steinacher and Fortunat Joos for making available figure data from their paper. We thank Inez Fung and Pierre Friedlingstein for conversations contributing to this paper. We thank two anonymous reviewers and Fortunat Joos for comments on the manuscript. NR 67 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 24 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2011 VL 8 IS 2 BP 387 EP 414 DI 10.5194/bg-8-387-2011 PG 28 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 727KF UT WOS:000287796800013 ER PT J AU Millett, PC El-Azab, A Rokkam, S Tonks, M Wolf, D AF Millett, Paul C. El-Azab, Anter Rokkam, Srujan Tonks, Michael Wolf, Dieter TI Phase-field simulation of irradiated metals Part I: Void kinetics SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Phase-field models; Heterogeneous nucleation of phase transformations; Irradiation damage; Radiation damage ID EMPIRICAL ELECTRON THEORY; SURFACE-ENERGY; DEFECT ACCUMULATION; SINK STRENGTHS; DENUDED ZONE; NUCLEATION; GROWTH; TRANSIENT; SYSTEM AB We present a phase-field model of void formation and evolution in irradiated metals by spatially and temporally evolving vacancy and self-interstitial concentration fields. By incorporating a coupled set of Cahn-Hilliard and Allen-Cahn equations, the model captures the processes of point defect generation and recombination, annihilation of defects at sinks, as well as void nucleation and growth in the presence of grain boundaries. Illustrative results are presented that characterize the rate of void growth or shrinkage due to supersaturated vacancy or interstitial concentrations, void nucleation and growth kinetics due to cascade-induced defect production, as well as void denuded and peak zones adjacent to grain boundaries. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Millett, Paul C.; Tonks, Michael] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [El-Azab, Anter; Rokkam, Srujan] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Wolf, Dieter] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Millett, PC (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM paul.millett@inl.gov RI Madruga, Santiago/D-2984-2012; Rokkam, Srujan/E-7061-2010 FU DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-051D14517V]; DOE/BES, Computational Materials Science Network (CMSN); INL High-Performance Computing group FX This work was supported through the INL Laboratory Directed Research and Development program under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract No. DE-AC07-051D14517V. We also acknowledge support from the DOE/BES funded Computational Materials Science Network (CMSN) project on "Multi-scale simulation of thermo-mechanical processes in irradiated fission-reactor materials." The authors also gratefully acknowledge technical support from the INL High-Performance Computing group. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 EI 1879-0801 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 50 IS 3 BP 949 EP 959 DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2010.10.034 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 718ZX UT WOS:000287167500020 ER PT J AU Stull, CJ Earls, CJ Koutsourelakis, PS AF Stull, Christopher J. Earls, Christopher J. Koutsourelakis, Phaedon-Stelios TI Model-based structural health monitoring of naval ship hulls SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Structural health monitoring; Naval ship hulls; Stochastic search methods ID FIBER-OPTIC SENSORS; DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION; BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS; INVERSE PROBLEMS; UNCERTAINTY; SYSTEMS; JOINTS; PARAMETERS; ELEMENT AB The present paper reports on results from an ongoing research program at Cornell University aimed at employing model-based structural health monitoring techniques within new and existing naval hull structures. The techniques discussed involve the solution of inverse problems, formulated using both optimization-based and Bayesian approaches. The forward modeling capability is handled using a specially developed hull structural analysis tool, CU-BEN, while the solution of the inverse problem is handled using stochastic search methods that are part of a dedicated inverse solution algorithm "toolbox," CU-PSST. Results from the application of these tools to problems of detecting section loss in hull plating due to corrosion, and isolating damaged framing due to an internal blast, are discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved. C1 [Earls, Christopher J.; Koutsourelakis, Phaedon-Stelios] Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Stull, Christopher J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Earls, CJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 220 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cjs78@cornell.edu; cje23@cornell.edu; pk285@cornell.edu OI Koutsourelakis, Phaedon-Stelios/0000-0002-9345-759X FU Office of Naval Research, Division 331, Ship System and Engineering Research [N00014-07-1-0515, N00014-09-1-0310] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Office of Naval Research, Division 331, Ship System and Engineering Research, for their support of this work through Grants N00014-07-1-0515 and N00014-09-1-0310. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Paul Hess of Division 331 for his many helpful discussions. NR 61 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2011 VL 200 IS 9-12 BP 1137 EP 1149 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2010.11.018 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 727YT UT WOS:000287840000019 ER PT J AU Heavner, MJ Fatland, DR Hood, E Connor, C AF Heavner, M. J. Fatland, D. R. Hood, E. Connor, C. TI SEAMONSTER: A demonstration sensor web operating in virtual globes SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Digital earth; Sensor webs; Lemon creek glacier; Glacier; SEAMONSTER; Southeast Alaska AB A sensor web is a collection of heterogeneous sensors which autonomously reacts to the observed environment. The SouthEast Alaska MOnitoring Network for Science, Technology, Education, and Research (SEAMONSTER) project has implemented a sensor web in partially glaciated watersheds near Juneau, Alaska, on the edge of the Juneau Icefield. By coupling the SEAMONSTER sensor web with digital earth technologies the scientific utility, education and public outreach efforts, and sensor web management of the project all greatly benefit. This paper describes the scientific motivation for a sensor web, the technology developed to implement the sensor web, the software developed to couple the sensor web with digital earth technologies, and demonstrates the SEAMONSTER sensor web in a digital earth framework. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Heavner, M. J.; Hood, E.; Connor, C.] Univ Alaska SE, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Fatland, D. R.] Microsoft Res, Redmond, WA USA. RP Heavner, MJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D436, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM matt.heavner@gmail.com FU NASA Earth Science Technology Office [AIST-05-0105]; NOAA Education Partnership Panel Interdisciplinary Scientific Environmental Technology (ISET) Cooperative Science Center; NSF [0553000] FX Funding for SEAMONSTER is provided through NASA Earth Science Technology Office Grant AIST-05-0105, NOAA Education Partnership Panel Interdisciplinary Scientific Environmental Technology (ISET) Cooperative Science Center Grant, and NSF Research Experience for Undergraduates Grant no. 0553000. Marijke Habermann, Logan Berner, Edwin Knuth, Nick Korzen, David Sauer, Josh Galbraith, Shannon Siefert, and Nathan Rogers have been integral to the SEAMONSTER project. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 37 IS 1 SI SI BP 93 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2010.05.011 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 716WK UT WOS:000287004000011 ER PT J AU Fowler, DA Tian, JA Barnes, C Teat, SJ Atwood, JL AF Fowler, Drew A. Tian, Jian Barnes, Charles Teat, Simon J. Atwood, Jerry L. TI Cocrystallization of C-butyl pyrogallol[4]arene and C-propan-3-ol pyrogallol[4]arene with gabapentin SO CRYSTENGCOMM LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR CAPSULES; HYDROGEN-BONDS; LINEAR COLUMNS; NANOTUBES; C-60 AB The single crystal X-ray diffraction structures for three cocrystals of C-butyl pyrogallol[4]arene and C-propan-3-ol pyrogallol[4]arene with the pharmaceutical gabapentin are described. The variation of solvent conditions and functionalities of the pyrogallol[4]arene tails demonstrates how these calixarene-like molecules can be used in the design of cocrystals with target molecules. C1 [Fowler, Drew A.; Barnes, Charles; Atwood, Jerry L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Tian, Jian] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Teat, Simon J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Atwood, JL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, 601 S Coll Ave, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM sjteat@lbl.gov; AtwoodJ@missouri.edu RI Tian, Jian/I-8637-2012 FU US National Science Foundation; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1466-8033 J9 CRYSTENGCOMM JI Crystengcomm PY 2011 VL 13 IS 5 BP 1446 EP 1449 DI 10.1039/c0ce00661k PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 722TS UT WOS:000287458500028 ER PT J AU Duque, JC Church, RL Middleton, RS AF Duque, Juan C. Church, Richard L. Middleton, Richard S. TI The p-Regions Problem SO GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID ALGORITHMS; CONTIGUITY; REGIONALIZATION; GEOGRAPHY; MODEL AB The p-regions problem involves the aggregation or clustering of n small areas into p spatially contiguous regions while optimizing some criteria. The main objective of this article is to explore possible avenues for formulating this problem as a mixed integer-programming (MIP) problem. The critical issue in formulating this problem is to ensure that each region is a spatially contiguous cluster of small areas. We introduce three MIP models for solving the p regions problem. Each model minimizes the sum of dissimilarities between all pairs of areas within each region while guaranteeing contiguity. Three strategies designed to ensure contiguity are presented: (1) an adaptation of the Miller, Tucker, and Zemlin tour-breaking constraints developed for the traveling salesman problem; (2) the use of ordered-area assignment variables based upon an extension of an approach by Cova and Church for the geographical site design problem; and (3) the use of flow constraints based upon an extension of work by Shirabe. We test the efficacy of each formulation as well as specify a strategy to reduce overall problem size. C1 [Duque, Juan C.] EAFIT Univ, Dept Econ, Medellin, Colombia. [Church, Richard L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Middleton, Richard S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Duque, JC (reprint author), EAFIT Univ, Dept Econ, Medellin, Colombia. EM jduquec1@eafit.edu.co RI Middleton, Richard/A-5470-2011; OI Middleton, Richard/0000-0002-8039-6601 NR 26 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0016-7363 J9 GEOGR ANAL JI Geogr. Anal. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 43 IS 1 BP 104 EP 126 DI 10.1111/j.1538-4632.2010.00810.x PG 23 WC Geography SC Geography GA 702DV UT WOS:000285875700006 ER PT J AU Kaplar, RJ Habermehl, SD Apodaca, RT Havener, B Roherty-Osmun, E AF Kaplar, Robert J. Habermehl, Scott D. Apodaca, Roger T. Havener, Brad Roherty-Osmun, Elizabeth TI TDDB and Pulse-Breakdown Studies of Si-Rich(x) Antifuses and Antifuse-Based ROMs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Antifuse; dielectric breakdown; pulse testing; reliability; silicon nitride ID ACCURATE EXPERIMENTAL-DETERMINATION; WEIBULL SHAPE FACTOR; NITRIDE THIN-FILMS; INTRINSIC BREAKDOWN; SILICON OXYNITRIDE; DIELECTRIC FILMS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; SI; STRAIN AB Antifuses are electronic devices that can be irreversibly converted from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance state. Thus, they are ideal candidates for one-time-programmable many-times-readable nonvolatile memories. In this paper, the reliability and the programming characteristics of Si-rich SiNx antifuses have been studied using time-dependent dielectric breakdown and pulse-breakdown measurements on both single-device test structures and full read-only memories. Contrary to measurements on thick films in which the Poole-Frenkel barrier lowering dominates breakdown, these measurements on fully processed and integrated antifuses indicate that a Fowler-Nordheim-like mechanism governs both programming and long-term reliability. C1 [Kaplar, Robert J.; Habermehl, Scott D.; Apodaca, Roger T.; Havener, Brad; Roherty-Osmun, Elizabeth] Sandia Natl Labs, Microelect Dev Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kaplar, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microelect Dev Lab, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rjkapla@sandia.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by Sandia National Laboratories under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin company, for the US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security administration. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor J.S. Suehle. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JAN PY 2011 VL 58 IS 1 BP 224 EP 228 DI 10.1109/TED.2010.2089057 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 701RL UT WOS:000285840100030 ER PT J AU Abou-Hanna, J McGreevy, TE AF Abou-Hanna, Jeries McGreevy, Timothy E. TI A simplified ratcheting limit method based on limit analysis using modified yield surface SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING LA English DT Article DE Ratchet limit; Design; Cyclic load ID GENERAL APPROXIMATE TECHNIQUE; FINITE-ELEMENT SHAKEDOWN; LINEAR ELASTIC SOLUTIONS; AXISYMMETRICAL SHELLS; LOAD AB Two effective approaches for obtaining ratchet boundaries of a structure undergoing cyclic loads are presented. The approaches use limit analysis of a structure whose yield surface is modified according to the cyclic load. In the first approach, Uniform Modified Yield (UMY) surface is used. UMY approach reduces the Mises-based cylindrical yield surface by Mises stress of the cyclic stress amplitude. UMY method was slightly conservative, and sometimes overly conservative, especially at high ratio of cyclic load to primary steady load. Conservatism, caused by the assumption that the modified yield surface remains isotropic, is eliminated by considering anisotropic Load Dependent Yield Modification approach, LDYM. This approach reduces yield strength based on relative orientation of steady primary and cyclic stress tensors. This work assumed elastic perfect plastic material behavior, with no si rain hardening for both original and modified yield surfaces. Ratchet boundaries of several structures, published in literature, were obtained using UMY and LDYM approaches and verified against published data and results of conventional methods. Numerical procedures for UMY and LDYM approaches are extremely fast relative to conventional numerical schemes, and are not restricted by complex geometry or loading. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. B.V. rights reserved. C1 [Abou-Hanna, Jeries] Bradley Univ, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. [McGreevy, Timothy E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Abou-Hanna, J (reprint author), Bradley Univ, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. EM jannah@bradley.edu FU Oak Ridge National Lab (ORNL) FX The authors acknowledge Oak Ridge National Lab (ORNL) for funding of this work. ORNL has given full permission for dissemination of the information in this paper and had no role in the preparation or submission of this manuscript. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-0161 J9 INT J PRES VES PIP JI Int. J. Pressure Vessels Pip. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 88 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2010.12.001 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 724CX UT WOS:000287554800002 ER PT J AU Wang, HL Teeter, G Turner, JA AF Wang, Heli Teeter, Glenn Turner, John A. TI Modifying a stainless steel via electrochemical nitridation SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; BIPOLAR PLATE MATERIAL; PLASMA-NITRIDED IRON; PASSIVE FILMS; NITROGEN; XPS; MOLYBDENUM; CHROMIUM; BEHAVIOR; SURFACE AB Nitridation is widely used to modify the materials surface. An electrochemical nitridation procedure, simple to handle at room temperature, is introduced for the surface modification of alloys. A nitrogen-incorporated oxide film was formed on the stainless steel's surface in a nitrate-bearing solution using the electrochemical method. C1 [Wang, Heli; Teeter, Glenn; Turner, John A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wang, HL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM heli.wang@nrel.gov FU United States Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the Fuel Cells Technologies Program of the United States Department of Energy. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 7 BP 2064 EP 2066 DI 10.1039/c0jm03585h PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 714UN UT WOS:000286834600008 ER PT J AU Preciado-Flores, S Wang, DC Wheeler, DA Newhouse, R Hensel, JK Schwartzberg, A Wang, LH Zhu, JJ Barboza-Flores, M Zhang, JZ AF Preciado-Flores, Sandra Wang, Danchen Wheeler, Damon A. Newhouse, Rebecca Hensel, Jennifer K. Schwartzberg, Adam Wang, Lihua Zhu, Junjie Barboza-Flores, Marcelino Zhang, Jin Z. TI Highly reproducible synthesis of hollow gold nanospheres with near infrared surface plasmon absorption using PVP as stabilizing agent SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOTHERMAL ABLATION THERAPY; TUNABLE OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; METAL NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOPARTICLES; NANOSHELLS; RESONANCE; HYBRIDIZATION; PARTICLES; BIOSENSOR AB An improved synthetic method has been designed and demonstrated to reproducibly generate hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs) with strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption in the near infrared (NIR). The HGNs have been synthesized via galvanic replacement of cobalt with gold while utilizing different amounts of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as a template stabilizing agent. Ninety percent of syntheses performed by this modified method resulted in HGNs with an SPR near 800 nm, which is highly desirable for biomedical applications such as photothermal ablation (PTA) therapy, while other polymers (PAA and PEG) did not. Based on absorption and TEM measurements, PVP stabilizes the cobalt template particles via carbonyl-induced stabilization that slows nucleation and growth of the gold shell allowing for the generation of a reproducibly thin shell, thereby inducing a significant red shift of the SPR to 800 nm. The results are significant to various potential applications of HGNs, e.g. cancer therapy and sensing. C1 [Preciado-Flores, Sandra; Wang, Danchen; Wheeler, Damon A.; Newhouse, Rebecca; Hensel, Jennifer K.; Zhang, Jin Z.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Wang, Danchen; Zhu, Junjie] Nanjing Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Schwartzberg, Adam] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, Lihua] Kettering Univ Flint, Dept Chem & Biochem, Flint, MI 48504 USA. [Barboza-Flores, Marcelino] Univ Sonora, Ctr Invest Fis, Hermosillo 83190, Sonora, Mexico. RP Zhang, JZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM zhang@chemistry.ucsc.edu FU National Science Foundation; CONACyT (Mexico); Chinese Scholars Council; W. M. Keck Center for Nano- and Optofluidics; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work is supported by the National Science Foundation. S. Preciado-Flores acknowledges a postdoctoral fellowship grant from CONACyT (Mexico). Danchen Wang is grateful to the Chinese Scholars Council for support. Damon Wheeler was funded by W. M. Keck Center for Nano- and Optofluidics though a QB3 Fellowship. We are grateful for the use of the HRTEM facilities at the National Center Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., which is supported by the US Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231and Chenyou Song for his assistance. We thank Carley Corrado for stimulating discussions and Gongming Wang for help on the HRTEM analysis. NR 50 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 8 U2 85 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 7 BP 2344 EP 2350 DI 10.1039/c0jm03690k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 714UN UT WOS:000286834600046 ER PT J AU Dewberry, RA Brown, TB Salaymeh, SR AF Dewberry, R. A. Brown, T. B. Salaymeh, S. R. TI Holdup measurements on an SRNL Mossbauer spectroscopy instrument SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Gamma-ray analysis; Transmission correction; Geometry correction AB Gamma-ray holdup measurements of a Mossbauer spectroscopy instrument are described and modeled. In the qualitative acquisitions obtained in a low background area of Savannah River National Laboratory, only Am-241 and Np-237 activity were observed. The Am-241 was known to be the instrumental activation source, while the Np-237 is clearly observed as a source of contamination internal to the instrument. The two sources of activity are modeled separately in two acquisition configurations using two separate modeling tools. The results agree well, demonstrating a content of (1980 +/- 150) mu Ci Am-241 and (110 +/- 50) mu Ci of Np-237. C1 [Dewberry, R. A.; Brown, T. B.; Salaymeh, S. R.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Dewberry, RA (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM raymond.dewberry@srnl.doe.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 287 IS 1 BP 299 EP 309 DI 10.1007/s10967-010-0743-x PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 708AP UT WOS:000286333400043 ER PT J AU Roeper, DF Pandya, KI Cheek, GT O'Grady, WE AF Roeper, D. F. Pandya, K. I. Cheek, G. T. O'Grady, W. E. TI The Structure of Nickel Chloride in the Ionic Liquid 1-Ethyl-3-methyl Imidazolium Chloride/Aluminum Chloride: X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE MOLTEN-SALT; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SPECTRAL INVESTIGATIONS; ALUMINUM-CHLORIDE; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; ALLOYS; ELECTRODEPOSITION; EXAFS; CHLOROALUMINATE AB The structure of anhydrous nickel chloride in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride and aluminum chloride has been investigated with extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) in both Lewis acid and Lewis base solutions. The EXAFS data of NiCl2 center dot 6H(2)O crystals were also recorded and analyzed to demonstrate the difference file technique. The difference file technique is used to obtain the structural information for the very closely spaced coordination shells of chloride and oxygen in NiCl2 center dot 6H(2)O and they are found to agree very closely with the X-ray diffraction data. The difference file technique is then used to analyze the nickel chloride in the ionic liquid solutions. Even though anhydrous NiCl2 is more soluble in the basic solution than in the acidic solution, the EXAFS data show a single coordination of four chlorides in a tetrahedron around the nickel atom in the basic solution. In a weak acid solution, there are six chlorides in a single octahedral coordination shell around the nickel. However, in a strong acid solution, in addition to the octahedral chloride-coordination shell, there is a second coordination shell of eight aluminum atoms in the form of a simple cube. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3522762] All rights reserved. C1 [Roeper, D. F.; Cheek, G. T.; O'Grady, W. E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pandya, K. I.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, SAIC, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Cheek, G. T.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Roeper, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ogrady@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE); U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Chemical Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors thank Professor Hardacre for helpful discussions. The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Office of Naval Research and the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE). This research was carried out at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 3 BP F21 EP F28 DI 10.1149/1.3522762 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 712PE UT WOS:000286677900057 ER PT J AU Taylor, CD Neurock, M Scully, JR AF Taylor, Christopher D. Neurock, Matthew Scully, John R. TI A First-Principles Model for Hydrogen Uptake Promoted by Sulfur on Ni(111) SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHEMISORBED SULFUR; STEEL; ADSORPTION; NICKEL; EMBRITTLEMENT; ELECTRODE; METALS; ENTRY; WATER; IRON AB First-principles calculations have been employed to assist in the development of a three-zone model for hydrogen uptake promoted by sulfur on the (111) surface plane of Ni. The three zones suggested by previous work of Protopopoff and Marcus [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 5, 944 (1987).] consist of (1) a site-blocking zone, where sulfur prevents hydrogen occupation at four adsorption sites per sulfur atom, (2) a promotion zone, where nearby sulfur raises the chemical potential of hydrogen in the six next-nearest-neighbor sites and beyond these two zones, (3) a free zone in which there is no influence of the adsorbed sulfur. The model is based on adsorption energies of hydrogen on Ni(111) as well as the sulfur-hydrogen interaction energies calculated from density functional theory. The results from the model indicate that the maximum promotion for hydrogen uptake occurs when up to 0.1 monolayer (ML) coverage of sulfur is present, and beyond this limit the site-blocking features of sulfur begin to dominate, thus reducing the available surface area down to 0 at 0.25 ML of sulfur. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3536470] All rights reserved. C1 [Taylor, Christopher D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Neurock, Matthew] Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Neurock, Matthew] Univ Virginia, Dept Chem Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Scully, John R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Taylor, CD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM cdtaylor@lanl.gov FU National Science Foundation Division of Materials Research [DMR-0906663]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0552] FX Support for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation Division of Materials Research under grant no. DMR-0906663 directed by Dr. Alan Ardell and by the Office of Naval Research under grant no. N00014-10-1-0552 directed by Dr. Airan Perez. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 3 BP F36 EP F44 DI 10.1149/1.3536470 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 712PE UT WOS:000286677900059 ER PT J AU Lieten, RR Afanas'ev, VV Thoan, NH Degroote, S Walukiewicz, W Borghs, G AF Lieten, R. R. Afanas'ev, V. V. Thoan, N. H. Degroote, S. Walukiewicz, W. Borghs, G. TI Mechanisms of Schottky Barrier Control on n-Type Germanium Using Ge3N4 Interlayers SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SILICON; HEIGHT AB The influence of a few monolayers of crystalline and amorphous Ge3N4 on the Schottky barrier height of n-type Ge has been investigated. Low temperature capacitance-voltage measurements are used to accurately determine the barrier height. Both amorphous and epitaxial Ge3N4 effectively eliminate pinning of the Fermi level at the metal/Ge interface. Metal/Ge3N4/n-Ge contacts therefore show a linear dependence of the Schottky barrier height with metal work function. Our results indicate that the Fermi level unpinning is achieved mainly due to the passivation of interface states related to defects at the metal/Ge interface. Aluminum on amorphous and epitaxial Ge3N4 delivers barrier heights of 0.09+/-0.05 and 0.0+/-0.1 eV, respectively, resulting in Ohmic behavior. The formation of epitaxial Ge3N4 requires temperatures above 600 degrees C, whereas amorphous layers can be formed at much lower temperatures. Amorphous Ge3N4 can therefore be used to form Ohmic contacts at a low thermal budget. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3545703] All rights reserved. C1 [Lieten, R. R.; Walukiewicz, W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lieten, R. R.; Degroote, S.; Borghs, G.] IMEC, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Lieten, R. R.; Afanas'ev, V. V.; Thoan, N. H.; Borghs, G.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Phys & Astron, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. RP Lieten, RR (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ruben.lieten@gmail.com RI NguyenHoang, Thoan/B-7586-2011; OI Nguyen Hoang, Thoan/0000-0002-5613-8514 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 4 BP G358 EP G362 DI 10.1149/1.3545703 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 729SX UT WOS:000287972300047 ER PT J AU Piper, LFJ Preston, ARH Cho, SW DeMasi, A Chen, B Laverock, J Smith, KE Miara, LJ Davis, JN Basu, SN Pal, U Gopalan, S Saraf, L Kaspar, T Matsuura, AY Glans, PA Guo, JH AF Piper, L. F. J. Preston, A. R. H. Cho, S. -W. DeMasi, A. Chen, B. Laverock, J. Smith, K. E. Miara, L. J. Davis, J. N. Basu, S. N. Pal, U. Gopalan, S. Saraf, Laxmikant Kaspar, Tiffany Matsuura, A. Y. Glans, P. -A. Guo, J. -H. TI Soft X-Ray Spectroscopic Study of Dense Strontium-Doped Lanthanum Manganite Cathodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Applications (vol 158, pg B99, 2011) SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Correction C1 [Piper, L. F. J.; Preston, A. R. H.; Cho, S. -W.; DeMasi, A.; Chen, B.; Laverock, J.; Smith, K. E.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Miara, L. J.; Davis, J. N.; Basu, S. N.; Pal, U.; Gopalan, S.] Boston Univ, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Saraf, Laxmikant; Kaspar, Tiffany] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Matsuura, A. Y.] Catholic Univ Louvain, PCPM, European Theoret Spect Facil, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Glans, P. -A.; Guo, J. -H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Piper, LFJ (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RI Glans, Per-Anders/G-8674-2016; Piper, Louis/C-2960-2011 OI Piper, Louis/0000-0002-3421-3210 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 4 BP S9 EP S9 DI 10.1149/1.3549649 PG 1 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 729SX UT WOS:000287972300078 ER PT J AU Albert, F Anderson, SG Gibson, DJ Marsh, RA Siders, CW Barty, CPJ Hartemann, FV AF Albert, F. Anderson, S. G. Gibson, D. J. Marsh, R. A. Siders, C. W. Barty, C. P. J. Hartemann, F. V. TI Three-dimensional theory of weakly nonlinear Compton scattering SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-RESONANCE FLUORESCENCE; GAMMA-S FACILITY; THOMSON SCATTERING; LASER-PULSES; ELECTRON; RAYS; BEAMS AB Nonlinear effects are known to occur in light sources when the wiggler parameter, or normalized 4-potential, A = e root-A(mu)A(mu)/m(0)c, approaches unity. In this paper, it is shown that nonlinear spectral features can appear at arbitrarily low values of A if the fractional bandwidth of the undulator, Delta phi(-1), is sufficiently small and satisfies the condition A(2)Delta phi similar to 1. Consequences for the spectral brightness of Compton scattering light sources are outlined. Compton and Thomson scattering theories are compared with the Klein-Nishina cross-section formula to highlight differences in the case of narrow band gamma-ray operation. A weakly nonlinear Compton scattering theory is developed in one (plane wave) and three (local plane wave approximation) dimensions. Analytical models are presented and benchmarked against numerical calculations solving the Lorentz force equation with a fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm. Finally, narrow band gamma-ray spectra are calculated for realistic laser and electron beams. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3536457] C1 [Albert, F.; Anderson, S. G.; Gibson, D. J.; Marsh, R. A.; Siders, C. W.; Barty, C. P. J.; Hartemann, F. V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Albert, F (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Albert, Felicie/G-2645-2013 FU U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; LLNL [09-SI-004]; U.S. Department of Homeland Security under DNDO [HSHQDC-09-X-00554/0001] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. We also acknowledge support from the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at LLNL under tracking code 09-SI-004 and from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security under DNDO Contract No. HSHQDC-09-X-00554/0001. One of us (F.V.H.) also wishes to acknowledge important discussions with A. K. Kerman, D. T. Santa Maria, and R. Hauptman. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2011 VL 18 IS 1 AR 013108 DI 10.1063/1.3536457 PG 20 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 715QW UT WOS:000286900000046 ER PT J AU Kolesnikov, RA AF Kolesnikov, R. A. TI The effects of self-consistent electric field on the neoclassical transport in tokamaks with stochastic magnetic fields SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ROTATION; EDGE AB The presence of the magnetic stochasticity induced by resonant magnetic perturbations in fusion experiments leads to radial electron particle and heat diffusivities which are substantially different from quasilinear predictions. In this paper, using neoclassical simulation, the effects of the self-consistent electric field on the radial electron particle and heat transports are investigated. The presence of stochasticity produces positive contribution to the radial electric field, consistent with experimental observations. Bringing both radial and poloidal components of the electric field into the simulation might help recover some of the trends observed in the experiment and is currently under investigation. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3534009] C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Kolesnikov, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2011 VL 18 IS 1 AR 014504 DI 10.1063/1.3534009 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 715QW UT WOS:000286900000063 ER PT J AU Lee, CA Chen, GY Arefiev, AV Bengtson, RD Breizman, BN AF Lee, Charles A. Chen, Guangye Arefiev, Alexey V. Bengtson, Roger D. Breizman, Boris N. TI Measurements and modeling of radio frequency field structures in a helicon plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID NONUNIFORM PLASMA; DISCHARGES; PHYSICS; WAVES AB Measurements of the radio frequency (rf) field structure, plasma density, and electron temperature are presented for a 1 kW argon helicon plasma source. The measured profiles change considerably when the equilibrium magnetic field is reversed. The measured rf fields are identified as fields of radially localized helicon waves, which propagate in the axial direction. The rf field structure is compared to the results of two-dimensional cold plasma full-wave simulations for the measured density profiles. Electron collision frequency is adjusted in the simulations to match the simulated and measured field profiles. The resulting frequency is anomalously high, which is attributed to the excitation of an ion-acoustic instability. The calculated power deposition is insensitive to the collision frequency and accounts for most of the power supplied by the rf-generator. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3533273] C1 [Lee, Charles A.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Chen, Guangye] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Arefiev, Alexey V.; Breizman, Boris N.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Fus Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bengtson, Roger D.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Lee, CA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Chen, Guangye /K-3192-2012; Arefiev, Alexey/A-8550-2016 OI Arefiev, Alexey/0000-0002-0597-0976 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG03-96ER-54326]; NASA-Johnson Space Center; Ad Astra Rocket Company; NASA FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy Contract No. DE-FG03-96ER-54326, by NASA-Johnson Space Center and by Ad Astra Rocket Company. C. L. was supported by funding from NASA JPFP predoctoral fellowship program. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2011 VL 18 IS 1 AR 013501 DI 10.1063/1.3533273 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 715QW UT WOS:000286900000047 ER PT J AU Myra, JR Russell, DA D'Ippolito, DA Ahn, JW Maingi, R Maqueda, RJ Lundberg, DP Stotler, DP Zweben, SJ Boedo, J Umansky, M AF Myra, J. R. Russell, D. A. D'Ippolito, D. A. Ahn, J. -W. Maingi, R. Maqueda, R. J. Lundberg, D. P. Stotler, D. P. Zweben, S. J. Boedo, J. Umansky, M. CA NSTX Team TI Reduced model simulations of the scrape-off-layer heat-flux width and comparison with experiment SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID SPHERICAL TORUS EXPERIMENT; TURBULENT TRANSPORT; COHERENT STRUCTURES; EDGE TURBULENCE; PLASMA; DIVERTOR; SOL; TOKAMAKS; DISCHARGES; DYNAMICS AB Reduced model simulations of turbulence in the edge and scrape-off-layer (SOL) region of a spherical torus or tokamak plasma are employed to address the physics of the scrape-off-layer heat-flux width. The simulation model is an electrostatic two-dimensional fluid turbulence model, applied in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field at the outboard midplane of the torus. The model contains curvature-driven-interchange modes, sheath losses, and both perpendicular turbulent diffusive and convective (blob) transport. These transport processes compete with classical parallel transport to set the SOL width. Midplane SOL profiles of density, temperature, and parallel heat flux are obtained from the simulation and compared with experimental results from the National Spherical Torus Experiment [S. M. Kaye et al., Phys. Plasmas 8, 1977 (2001)] to study the scaling of the heat-flux width with power and plasma current. It is concluded that midplane turbulence is the main contributor to the SOL heat-flux width for the low power H-mode discharges studied, while additional physics is required to fully explain the plasma current scaling of the SOL heat-flux width observed experimentally in higher power discharges. Intermittent separatrix-spanning convective cells are found to be the main mechanism that sets the near-SOL width in the simulations. The roles of sheared flows and blob trapping versus emission are discussed. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3526676] C1 [Myra, J. R.; Russell, D. A.; D'Ippolito, D. A.] Lodestar Res Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Ahn, J. -W.; Maingi, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Maqueda, R. J.; Lundberg, D. P.; Stotler, D. P.; Zweben, S. J.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Boedo, J.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Umansky, M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Myra, JR (reprint author), Lodestar Res Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM jrmyra@lodestar.com RI Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015 OI Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718 FU U.S. DOE [DE-FG02-02ER54678, DE-FG02-97ER54392, DE-FG02-03ER54731] FX This work was supported by the U.S. DOE under Grant Nos. DE-FG02-02ER54678, DE-FG02-97ER54392, and DE-FG02-03ER54731; however, such support does not constitute an endorsement by the DOE of the views expressed herein. NR 50 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2011 VL 18 IS 1 AR 012305 DI 10.1063/1.3526676 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 715QW UT WOS:000286900000016 ER PT J AU Podesta, JJ AF Podesta, J. J. TI Spatial scales and temporal scales in the theory of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID STRONG IMBALANCED TURBULENCE; ANISOTROPIC MHD TURBULENCE; CROSS-HELICITY; HYDROMAGNETIC TURBULENCE; ALFVENIC TURBULENCE; SIMULATIONS; SPECTRUM; ENERGY; LAWS AB In the study of incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence the correlation lengths along the directions parallel and perpendicular to the local mean magnetic field may be defined by iso-energy surfaces derived from second order structure functions. The correlation time of the turbulence may be defined in a similar manner by means of a temporal second order structure function. Moreover, there is a natural correspondence between the lengthscales of fluctuations with a given energy and the timescale of fluctuations of the same energy so that each iso-energy surface is associated with a unique pair of parallel and perpendicular correlation lengths and a unique correlation time. In the case when the magnetic Prandtl number is unity, Pr(m) equivalent to nu/eta = 1, it is shown that the correlation time tau associated with an iso-energy contour of energy E is equal to the energy cascade time of the turbulence in the sense that E/tau similar to epsilon, where epsilon is the energy cascade rate. For balanced MHD turbulence, turbulence with vanishing cross-helicity, both the Goldreich and Sridhar theory and Boldyrev's theory are shown to have this same property. An attempt is made to generalize these ideas to imbalanced MHD turbulence, turbulence with nonvanishing cross-helicity. It is shown that if the normalized cross-helicity sigma(c) is a constant in the inertial range, independent of wavenumber, then one obtains a model in which the energy cascade times of the two Elsasser fields are equal throughout the inertial range, that is, tau(+)/tau(-) = 1. This result appears to be contradicted by numerical simulations and, therefore, the generalization to imbalanced turbulence discussed here requires further development; this is an important unsolved problem. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3534824] C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Podesta, JJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU NASA; NSF FX I am grateful to Uriel Frisch, Stephen Pope, Peter Gary, Joe Borovsky, Stanislav Boldyrev, Jean Perez, Andre Beresnyak, and Hussein Aluie for helpful comments and discussions. This research is supported by the NASA Solar and Heliospheric Physics Program, the NASA Heliospheric Guest Investigator Program, and the NSF SHINE Program. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2011 VL 18 IS 1 AR 012906 DI 10.1063/1.3534824 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 715QW UT WOS:000286900000036 ER PT J AU Podesta, JJ AF Podesta, J. J. TI On the cross-helicity dependence of the energy spectrum in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY ALFVENIC FLUCTUATIONS; SOLAR-WIND; MHD TURBULENCE; 1 AU; 3RD-ORDER MOMENTS; POWER SPECTRUM; CORONAL HOLES; CASCADE; EVOLUTION; ACCELERATION AB Phenomenological theories of strong incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence derived by Goldreich and Sridhar (GS) in 1995 and by Boldyrev in 2006 are only applicable to turbulence with vanishing cross-helicity. In this study, these two theories are generalized to treat turbulence with nonvanishing cross-helicity in such a way that the relation (w(+)/w(-))(2) = (epsilon(+)/epsilon(-))(2) observed in numerical simulations is satisfied. The average energy (second order structure function) in the generalized GS theory is E(r(perpendicular to)) = phi(1)(sigma(c))(epsilon r(perpendicular to))(2/3) and that in the generalized Boldyrev theory is E(r(perpendicular to)) = phi(2)(sigma(c))(v(A)epsilon r(perpendicular to))(1/2), where the function phi(sigma(c)) describes the dependence on the normalized cross-helicity sigma(c). The form of the function phi(sigma(c)) is derived through a renormalization of the variable sigma(c) that yields a one parameter family of solutions. The theory derived by Lithwick, Goldreich, and Sridhar (LGS) in 2007 is a special case of the generalized GS theory derived here; however, other generalizations of the GS theory are obtained that have a different cross-helicity dependence than the LGS theory. This new class of solutions and similar generalizations of Boldyrev's theory are investigated to see how the energy cascade rate epsilon changes as a function of sigma(c) when the energy at a given scale is held fixed. The generalization of Boldyrev's theory derived here is applicable to homogeneous MHD turbulence in the solar wind, for example, and can be used to obtain the turbulent dissipation rate epsilon from measurements of the energy spectrum and the normalized cross-helicity. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3533671] C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Podesta, JJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU NASA; NSF FX I am grateful to Stanislav Boldyrev, Andre Beresnyak, and Hussein Aluie for helpful discussions and especially to Jean Perez for supplying the simulation data for the quantities epsilon+/- needed to construct Fig. 2. This research is supported by the NASA Solar and Heliospheric Physics Program and the NSF SHINE Program. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2011 VL 18 IS 1 AR 012907 DI 10.1063/1.3533671 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 715QW UT WOS:000286900000037 ER PT J AU Sechrest, Y Munsat, T D'Ippolito, DA Maqueda, RJ Myra, JR Russell, D Zweben, SJ AF Sechrest, Y. Munsat, T. D'Ippolito, D. A. Maqueda, R. J. Myra, J. R. Russell, D. Zweben, S. J. TI Flow and shear behavior in the edge and scrape-off layer of L-mode plasmas in National Spherical Torus Experiment SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PUFF IMAGING EXPERIMENTS; ZONAL FLOWS; TURBULENCE; PHYSICS; TRANSPORT; PROGRESS; TOKAMAK AB Fluctuations in the edge and scrape-off layer (SOL) of L-mode plasmas in the National Spherical Torus Experiment [Kaye et al., Phys. Plasmas 8, 1977 (2001)] as observed by the gas puff imaging (GPI) diagnostic are studied. Calculation of local, time resolved velocity maps using the hybrid optical flow and pattern matching velocimetry code enables analysis of turbulent flow and shear behavior. Periodic reversals in the direction of the poloidal flow near the separatrix are observed. Also, poloidal velocities and their radial shearing rate are found to be well correlated with the fraction of D(alpha) light contained in the SOL, which acts as a measure of turbulent bursts. The spectra of GPI intensity and poloidal velocity both have a strong feature near 3 kHz, which appears to correspond with turbulent bursts. This mode exhibits a poloidal structure with poloidal wavenumber of 7.7 m(-1) for GPI intensity and 3.4 m(-1) for poloidal velocity, and the poloidal velocity fluctuations near 3 kHz remain coherent over length scales in excess of the turbulent scales. Furthermore, recent SOL turbulence simulations find a parameter regime that exhibits periodic bursty transport and shares many qualitative similarities with the experimental data. Strong correlations between the shearing rate and the turbulent bursts are observed for time periods of similar to 2 ms, but the relationship is complicated by several factors. Finally, measurements of the radial profiles of the Reynolds shear stresses are reported. These radial profiles exhibit many similarities for several shots, and a region with positive radial gradient is seen to be coincident with local flow shear. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3533435] C1 [Sechrest, Y.; Munsat, T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [D'Ippolito, D. A.; Myra, J. R.; Russell, D.] Lodestar Res Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Maqueda, R. J.; Zweben, S. J.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Sechrest, Y (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER54995, DE-SC0001966, DE-AC02-09CH11466] FX We would like to thank K. Hallatschek, R. Hager, and the National Spherical Torus Experiment Team for their contributions to this work, which was supported by U.S. Department of Energy Contract Nos. DE-FG02-08ER54995, DE-SC0001966, and DE-AC02-09CH11466. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2011 VL 18 IS 1 AR 012502 DI 10.1063/1.3533435 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 715QW UT WOS:000286900000021 ER PT J AU Seyler, CE Martin, MR AF Seyler, C. E. Martin, M. R. TI Relaxation model for extended magnetohydrodynamics: Comparison to magnetohydrodynamics for dense Z-pinches SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION-LAWS; SCHEMES; SYSTEMS; HYBRID AB It is shown that the two-fluid model under a generalized Ohm's law formulation and the resistive magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) can both be described as relaxation systems. In the relaxation model, the under-resolved stiff source terms constrain the dynamics of a set of hyperbolic equations to give the correct asymptotic solution. When applied to the collisional two-fluid model, the relaxation of fast time scales associated with displacement current and finite electron mass allows for a natural transition from a system where Ohm's law determines the current density to a system where Ohm's law determines the electric field. This result is used to derive novel algorithms, which allow for multiscale simulation of low and high frequency extended-MHD physics. This relaxation formulation offers an efficient way to implicitly advance the Hall term and naturally simulate a plasma-vacuum interface without invoking phenomenological models. The relaxation model is implemented as an extended-MHD code, which is used to analyze pulsed power loads such as wire arrays and ablating foils. Two-dimensional simulations of pulsed power loads are compared for extended-MHD and MHD. For these simulations, it is also shown that the relaxation model properly recovers the resistive-MHD limit. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3543799] C1 [Seyler, C. E.] Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Martin, M. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Seyler, CE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. FU NNSA under DOE [DE-FC03-02NA00057]; NSF/DOE [DE-SC0002151] FX The authors acknowledge helpful discussions with Dr. J. B. Greenly, Dr. D. A. Hammer, Dr. P. A. Gourdain, I. C. Blesener, P. F. Knapp, and R. H. Varney. One of the authors (C.E.S.) also thanks S. L. Seyler for a critical reading of the manuscript. This research was supported by the NNSA Stockpile Stewardship Academic Alliances program under DOE Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC03-02NA00057 and by NSF/DOE Plasma Partnership Grant No. DE-SC0002151. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2011 VL 18 IS 1 AR 012703 DI 10.1063/1.3543799 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 715QW UT WOS:000286900000027 ER PT J AU Wang, WP Shen, BF Zhang, XM Ji, LL Wen, M Xu, JC Yu, YH Li, YL Xu, ZZ AF Wang, W. P. Shen, B. F. Zhang, X. M. Ji, L. L. Wen, M. Xu, J. C. Yu, Y. H. Li, Y. L. Xu, Z. Z. TI Efficient acceleration of monoenergetic proton beam by sharp front laser pulse SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ION-ACCELERATION; TARGETS; GENERATION; ABSORPTION; SOLIDS; PLASMA AB Stable acceleration of relativistic ions by the radiation pressure of a superintense, circularly polarized laser pulse with sharp front is investigated by analytical modeling and particle-in-cell simulation. For foils with given density and thickness, the suitable steepness of the laser front is found to suppress instabilities and efficiently drive a stable monoenergetic ion beam. With a laser pulse of peak amplitude a(0)=200, a proton beam of energy about 10 GeV can be generated. The dynamics of the laser-compressed electron layer and the ions in the hole-boring stage are investigated. In the case studied, the ions initially in the middle of the target are found to be accelerated to the back surface of the target ahead of the other ions. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3544970] C1 [Wang, W. P.; Shen, B. F.; Zhang, X. M.; Ji, L. L.; Wen, M.; Xu, J. C.; Yu, Y. H.; Xu, Z. Z.] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab High Field Laser Phys, Shanghai Inst Opt & Fine Mech, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Li, Y. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne Accelerator Inst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Li, Y. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shen, BF (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab High Field Laser Phys, Shanghai Inst Opt & Fine Mech, POB 800-211, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. EM bfshen@mail.shcnc.ac.cn; zzxu@mail.shcnc.ac.cn FU 973 Program [2011CB808104]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [10834008, 60921004]; Shanghai Natural Science Foundation [10ZR1433800]; Program of Shanghai Subject Chief Scientist [09XD1404300] FX This work was supported by the 973 Program (Project No. 2011CB808104), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Nos. 10834008 and 60921004), the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 10ZR1433800), and the Program of Shanghai Subject Chief Scientist (Grant No. 09XD1404300). NR 38 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2011 VL 18 IS 1 AR 013103 DI 10.1063/1.3544970 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 715QW UT WOS:000286900000041 ER PT J AU Jarman, KD Scherrer, C Smith, LE Chilton, LK Anderson, KK Ressler, JJ Trease, LL AF Jarman, K. D. Scherrer, C. Smith, L. E. Chilton, L. K. Anderson, K. K. Ressler, J. J. Trease, L. L. TI Indirect estimation of radioactivity in containerized cargo SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article DE Nuclear measurements; Nuclear monitoring techniques; Portal monitoring; Gamma-ray spectral analysis; Gamma-ray spectroscopy ID GAMMA; SPECTROSCOPY AB Naturally occurring radioactive material in containerized cargo challenges the state of the art in national and international efforts to detect illicit nuclear and radiological material in transported containers. Current systems are being evaluated and new systems envisioned to provide the high probability of detection necessary to thwart potential threats, combined with extremely low nuisance and false alarm rates necessary to maintain the flow of commerce impacted by the enormous volume of commodities imported in shipping containers. Maintaining flow of commerce also means that inspection must be rapid, requiring relatively non-intrusive, indirect measurements of cargo from outside containers to the extent possible. With increasing information content in such measurements, it is natural to ask how the information might be combined to improve detection. Toward this end, we present an approach to estimating isotopic activity of naturally occurring radioactive material in cargo grouped by commodity type, combining container manifest data with radiography and gamma-ray spectroscopy aligned to location along the container. The heart of this approach is our statistical model of gamma-ray counts within peak regions of interest, which captures the effects of background suppression, counting noise, convolution of neighboring cargo contributions, and down-scattered photons to provide estimates of counts due to decay of specific radioisotopes in cargo alone. Coupled to that model, we use a mechanistic model of self-attenuated radiation flux to estimate the isotopic activity within cargo, segmented by location within each container, that produces those counts. We test our approach by applying it to a set of measurements taken at the Port of Seattle in 2006. This approach to synthesizing disparate available data streams and extraction of cargo characteristics, while relying on several simplifying assumptions and approximations, holds the potential to support improvement of detection systems using current capabilities and to enable simulation-based evaluation of new candidate detection systems. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jarman, K. D.; Scherrer, C.; Smith, L. E.; Chilton, L. K.; Anderson, K. K.; Ressler, J. J.; Trease, L. L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jarman, KD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K7-90, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kj@pnl.gov; chad.scherrer@pnl.gov; eric.smith@pnl.gov; lawrence.chilton@pnl.gov; kevin.anderson@pnl.gov; jennifer.ressler@pnl.gov; llt@pnl.gov RI Jarman, Kenneth/B-6157-2011; OI Jarman, Kenneth/0000-0002-4396-9212; Anderson, Kevin/0000-0001-5613-5893 FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security Domestic Nuclear Detection Office [HSHQDC-06-X-00425] FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Domestic Nuclear Detection Office under contract HSHQDC-06-X-00425. The sponsor did not direct the study design, collection or analysis of data, or the writing or submission of this paper. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 46 IS 1 BP 10 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.radmeas.2010.09.001 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 713FO UT WOS:000286720600002 ER PT J AU Maheshwari, P Tian, H Reece, CE Kelley, MJ Myneni, GR Stevie, FA Rigsbee, JM Batchelor, AD Griffis, DP AF Maheshwari, P. Tian, H. Reece, C. E. Kelley, M. J. Myneni, G. R. Stevie, F. A. Rigsbee, J. M. Batchelor, A. D. Griffis, D. P. TI Surface analysis of Nb materials for SRF cavities SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SIMS XVII Conference CY SEP, 2009 CL Toronto, CANADA DE SIMS; depth profiling; SRF Nb; deuterium; residual gas species ID DIFFUSION; HYDROGEN AB Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavities provide enhanced efficiency and reduced energy consumption in present-day particle accelerators. Niobium is the material of choice for SRF cavities due to its high critical temperature and critical magnetic field. In order to understand why certain treatments, especially a low temperature bake, improve performance, it is important to study Nb surface characteristics and identify elemental contaminants which may affect the performance of the cavity.([1]) Initial studies using SIMS and Focused Ion Beam (FIB) prepared specimens for Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) have helped to characterize the Nb surface and measure the surface oxide layer thickness.([2]) C, N and O are of particular interest as interstitial contaminants and earlier studies suggested very high H concentration. In the present study, ion implants of C, N, O and deuterium (D) in Nb and Si were analyzed using SIMS. D was implanted to characterize H while avoiding interference from the high H background. The D implant was easily detectable in Si, but showed a constant value and no implant shape in Nb. This result implies either that D (and by implication, hydrogen) has a high mobility in Nb, or that there is movement of D due to the primary ion beam. Nevertheless, C, N, and O could be quantified using the ion implants. Depth profiles of polycrystalline and single crystal Nb samples were also obtained. While both types of Nb samples contained low C concentration, the single crystal Nb samples showed higher N and O content. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Maheshwari, P.; Stevie, F. A.; Batchelor, A. D.; Griffis, D. P.] N Carolina State Univ, Analyt Instrumentat Facil, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Tian, H.; Reece, C. E.; Kelley, M. J.; Myneni, G. R.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. [Tian, H.; Kelley, M. J.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA USA. RP Stevie, FA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Analyt Instrumentat Facil, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM fred_stevie@ncsu.edu FU Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23177] FX This work was partially supported by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0142-2421 EI 1096-9918 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 153 DI 10.1002/sia.3513 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 725TR UT WOS:000287669500038 ER PT J AU Veryovkin, IV Tripa, CE Zinovev, AV King, BV Pellin, MJ Burnett, DS AF Veryovkin, I. V. Tripa, C. E. Zinovev, A. V. King, B. V. Pellin, M. J. Burnett, D. S. TI RIMS analysis of Ca and Cr in Genesis solar wind collectors SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SIMS XVII Conference CY SEP, 2009 CL Toronto, CANADA DE RIMS; Genesis; solar wind; silicon; depth profiling; SNMS AB RIMS depth profiles have been measured for Cr and Ca in Genesis solar wind collector made from Si and compared to such measurements for ion-implanted Si reference material. The presence of surface contamination has been shown to be a significant factor influencing the total Ca and Cr fluence measured in the Genesis collectors. A procedure to remove the contaminant signal from these depth profiles using the reference material implanted with a minor isotope demonstrated that 36% of the measured Ca fluence in our Genesis sample comes from terrestrial contamination. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Veryovkin, I. V.; Tripa, C. E.; Zinovev, A. V.; King, B. V.; Pellin, M. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [King, B. V.] Univ Newcastle, Sch Math & Phys Sci, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. [Burnett, D. S.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Veryovkin, IV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM verigo@anl.gov RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 FU NASA [NNH08AH761, NNH08ZDA001N]; UChicago Argonne, LLC [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; University of Newcastle FX The authors wish to thank Andreas Wucher for helpful discussions. This work is supported by NASA through Grants NNH08AH761 and NNH08ZDA001N, by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 and by the University of Newcastle. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0142-2421 EI 1096-9918 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 467 EP 469 DI 10.1002/sia.3523 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 725TR UT WOS:000287669500115 ER PT J AU Gollany, HT Rickman, RW Liang, Y Albrecht, SL Machado, S Kang, S AF Gollany, H. T. Rickman, R. W. Liang, Y. Albrecht, S. L. Machado, S. Kang, S. TI Predicting Agricultural Management Influence on Long-Term Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics: Implications for Biofuel Production SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NO-TILL CORN; ZEA-MAYS L.; CROP RESIDUE; STOVER REMOVAL; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; MICROBIAL DYNAMICS; MODEL DESCRIPTION; AVAILABLE WATER; GRASSLAND SOILS; MATTER DYNAMICS AB Long-term field experiments (LTE) are ideal for predicting the influence of agricultural management on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics and examining biofuel crop residue removal policy questions. Our objectives were (i) to simulate SOC dynamics in LTE soils under various climates, crop rotations, fertilizer or organic amendments, and crop residue managements using the CQESTR model and (ii) to predict the potential of no-tillage (NT) management to maintain SOC stocks while removing crop residue. Classical LTEs at Champaign, IL (1876), Columbia, MO (1888), Lethbridge, AB (1911), Breton, AB (1930), and Pendleton, OR (1931) were selected for their documented history of management practice and periodic soil organic matter (SOM) measurements. Management practices ranged from monoculture to 2- or 3-yr crop rotations, manure, no fertilizer or fertilizer additions, and crop residue returned, burned, or harvested. Measured and CQESTR predicted SOC stocks under diverse agronomic practices, mean annual temperature (2.1-19 degrees C), precipitation (402-973 mm), and SOC (5.89-33.58 g SOC kg(-1)) at the LTE sites were significantly related (r(2) = 0.94, n = 186, P < 0.0001) with a slope not significantly different than 1. The simulation results indicated that the quantities of crop residue that can be sustainably harvested without jeopardizing SOC stocks were influenced by initial SOC stocks, crop rotation intensity, tillage practices, crop yield, and climate. Manure or a cover crop/intensified crop rotation under NT are options to mitigate loss of crop residue C, as using fertilizer alone is insufficient to overcome residue removal impact on SOC stocks. C1 [Gollany, H. T.; Rickman, R. W.; Albrecht, S. L.] ARS, USDA, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Liang, Y.] Univ Arkansas, Cooperat Extens Serv, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Kang, S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Machado, S.] Oregon State Univ, Columbia Basin Agr Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. RP Gollany, HT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM hero.gollany@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service under the ARS GRACEnet FX Technical assistance and data collection by Chris Roager and Karl Rinhart is gratefully acknowledged. The author thanks Dr. C. Walthall for his support to the modeling effort, and Dr. M. Liebig, ARS-Mandan and reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions. This publication is based on work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service under the ARS GRACEnet. NR 96 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 8 U2 55 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 103 IS 1 BP 234 EP 246 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0203s PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 703SD UT WOS:000286000700032 ER PT J AU Dean, DJ Hamilton, JH AF Dean, David J. Hamilton, Joseph H. TI Resource Letter NSM-1: New insights into the nuclear shell model SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID MULTIDIMENSIONAL DEFORMATION SPACE; REALISTIC EFFECTIVE INTERACTIONS; MONTE-CARLO; SUPERHEAVY NUCLEI; DEFORMED SHAPES; OCTUPOLE DEFORMATION; CHIRAL LAGRANGIANS; HEAVIEST NUCLEI; HEAVY-NUCLEI; STABILITY AB This Resource Letter provides a guide to the literature on the spherical shell model as applied to nuclei. The nuclear shell model describes the structure of nuclei starting with a nuclear core developed by the classical neutron and proton magic numbers N,Z=2,8,20,28,50,82, 126, where gaps occur in the single-particle energies as a shell is filled, and the interactions of valence nucleons that reside beyond that core. Various modern extensions of this model for spherical nuclei are likewise described. Significant extensions of the nuclear shell model include new magic numbers for spherical nuclei and now for deformed nuclei as well. When both protons and neutrons have shell gaps at the same spherical or deformed shapes, they can reinforce each other to give added stability to that shape and lead to new magic numbers. The vanishings of the classical spherical shell model energy gaps and magic numbers in new neutron-rich nuclei are described. Spherical and deformed shell gaps are seen to be critical for the existence of elements with Z > 100. (c) 2011 American Association of Physics Teachers. [DOI: 10.1119/1.3490013] C1 [Dean, David J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hamilton, Joseph H.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Dean, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Dean, David/0000-0002-5688-703X NR 158 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS PI COLLEGE PARK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PARK, MD 20740-3845 USA SN 0002-9505 EI 1943-2909 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 79 IS 1 BP 5 EP 16 DI 10.1119/1.3490013 PG 12 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 701EK UT WOS:000285796900001 ER PT J AU Han, FXX King, RL Lindner, JS Yu, TY Durbha, SS Younan, NH Monts, DL Su, Y Luthe, JC Plodinec, MJ AF Han, Fengxiang X. King, Roger L. Lindner, Jeffrey S. Yu, Tzu-Yi Durbha, Surya S. Younan, Nicolas H. Monts, David L. Su, Yi Luthe, John C. Plodinec, M. John TI Nutrient fertilizer requirements for sustainable biomass supply to meet US bioenergy goal SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Bioenergy; Biomass; Nutrients; Fertilizers; US bioenergy production ID CORN; SEQUESTRATION; ECOSYSTEMS; RESIDUE; CARBON; SOIL AB The U.S. Biomass Roadmap set forth a goal that, by the year 2030, biomass will supply energy approximately equivalent to 30% of current petroleum consumption. Here we report on the amount of nutrient fertilizers required to meet the proposed 1-billion tons of sustainable bioenergy biomass production annually. To meet this goal, U.S. agriculture (assuming a scenario with high yield increase and land use change) will have net removals of 40.3, 12.7, and 36.2 Tg (million tons) of N, P2O5, and K2O, respectively. The 1-billion tons of bioenergy biomass production alone will remove 16.9, 5.2, and 18.2 Tg of N, P2O5, and K2O, respectively, from U.S. agricultural land. Considering the efficiencies of fertilizers in soils and the contribution of biomass residuals in fields, the overall bioenergy-focused agriculture would require 58.2, 27.3, and 31.7 Tg of N, P2O5 and K2O fertilizers, respectively; this corresponds to an overall nutrient fertilizer application increase by a factor of 5.5 over the base line (1997). This study indicates an increased need for domestic and/or international production facilities for fertilizers if the goal of the Biomass Roadmap is to be attained. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Han, Fengxiang X.; King, Roger L.; Lindner, Jeffrey S.; Monts, David L.; Su, Yi; Luthe, John C.] Mississippi State Univ, Inst Clean Energy Technol, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. [Yu, Tzu-Yi] Natl Chi Nan Univ, Dept Informat Management, Puli 54561, Nantou, Taiwan. [Durbha, Surya S.; Younan, Nicolas H.] Mississippi State Univ, GeoResources Inst, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. [Plodinec, M. John] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Han, FXX (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Inst Clean Energy Technol, 205 Res Blvd, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. EM han@icet.msstate.edu NR 34 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 EI 1873-2909 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 35 IS 1 BP 253 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.08.003 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 715SC UT WOS:000286905300028 ER PT J AU Jacobs, BW Houk, RJT Anstey, MR House, SD Robertson, IM Talin, AA Allendorf, MD AF Jacobs, Benjamin W. Houk, Ronald J. T. Anstey, Mitchell R. House, Stephen D. Robertson, Ian M. Talin, A. Alec Allendorf, Mark D. TI Ordered metal nanostructure self-assembly using metal-organic frameworks as templates SO CHEMICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AG NANOPARTICLES; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; COORDINATION; NANOMATERIALS; NANOCRYSTALS; PARTICLES; CHEMISTRY; CLUSTERS; ARRAYS AB We demonstrate that nanoporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) loaded with silver can serve as templates for ordered nanostructures comprising either silver nanoparticles or nanowires. Exposure to an electron beam breaks down the template, leading to rapid silver coalescence. The geometric and chemical structure of the MOF, as well as the extent of metal loading, determine whether nanoparticles or nanowires are formed and define their size and orientation. Nanowires with diameters as small as 4 nm and aspect ratios >125 can be formed, overcoming the limitations of existing templating methods. This method is relatively simple, compatible with many materials, and proceeds by a distinct template-directed growth mechanism. Since MOFs offer an unprecedented level of synthetic flexibility, combined with highly uniform porosity as a result of their crystalline structure, this approach opens a promising new route for synthesis of self-assembled, ordered nanostructures. C1 [Robertson, Ian M.; Talin, A. Alec] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanosci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jacobs, Benjamin W.; Houk, Ronald J. T.; Anstey, Mitchell R.; Allendorf, Mark D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. [House, Stephen D.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Robertson, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanosci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mdallen@sandia.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; OI House, Stephen/0000-0003-2035-6373 FU Sandia National Laboratories; Metal Hydrides Center of Excellence, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC36-05GO15064]; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors would like to thank Drs Patrick Feng and Raghunandan Bhakta for their technical assistance with various aspects of this project. This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Sandia National Laboratories and at the University of Illinois by the Metal Hydrides Center of Excellence, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy under grant No. DE-FC36-05GO15064. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 35 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 10 U2 104 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2041-6520 J9 CHEM SCI JI Chem. Sci. PY 2011 VL 2 IS 3 BP 411 EP 416 DI 10.1039/c0sc00377h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 721ON UT WOS:000287364400004 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, L Banfield, RE Hall, LO Bowyer, KW Kegelmeyer, WP AF Shoemaker, Larry Banfield, Robert E. Hall, Lawrence O. Bowyer, Kevin W. Kegelmeyer, W. Philip TI Detecting and ordering salient regions SO DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY LA English DT Article DE Random forest; Saliency; Probabilistic voting; Imbalanced training data; Lift ID SPATIALLY DISJOINT DATA; ENSEMBLES; CLASSIFIERS; SETS AB We describe an ensemble approach to learning salient regions from arbitrarily partitioned data. The partitioning comes from the distributed processing requirements of large-scale simulations. The volume of the data is such that classifiers can train only on data local to a given partition. Since the data partition reflects the needs of the simulation, the class statistics can vary from partition to partition. Some classes will likely be missing from some or even most partitions. We combine a fast ensemble learning algorithm with scaled probabilistic majority voting in order to learn an accurate classifier from such data. Since some simulations are difficult to model without a considerable number of false positive errors, and since we are essentially building a search engine for simulation data, we order predicted regions to increase the likelihood that most of the top-ranked predictions are correct (salient). Results from simulation runs of a canister being torn and from a casing being dropped show that regions of interest are successfully identified in spite of the class imbalance in the individual training sets. Lift curve analysis shows that the use of data driven ordering methods provides a statistically significant improvement over the use of the default, natural time step ordering. Significant time is saved for the end user by allowing an improved focus on areas of interest without the need to conventionally search all of the data. C1 [Shoemaker, Larry; Banfield, Robert E.; Hall, Lawrence O.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Bowyer, Kevin W.] Univ Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46556 USA. [Kegelmeyer, W. Philip] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Shoemaker, L (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM lwshoema@cse.usf.edu; rbanfiel@cse.usf.edu; hall@cse.usf.edu; kwb@cse.nd.edu; wpk@sandia.gov OI Bowyer, Kevin/0000-0002-7562-4390 FU Department of Energy [DE-AC04-76DO00789]; National Science Foundation [EIA-0130768] FX This research was partially supported by the Department of Energy through the ASCI CSEE Data Discovery Program, Contract number: DE-AC04-76DO00789 and the National Science Foundation under grant EIA-0130768. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-5810 J9 DATA MIN KNOWL DISC JI Data Min. Knowl. Discov. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 22 IS 1-2 BP 259 EP 290 DI 10.1007/s10618-010-0194-6 PG 32 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 703SH UT WOS:000286001100009 ER PT J AU Linhoff, BS Bennett, PC Puntsag, T Gerel, O AF Linhoff, Benjamin S. Bennett, Philip C. Puntsag, Tamir Gerel, Ochir TI Geochemical evolution of uraniferous soda lakes in Eastern Mongolia SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Soda lake; Geochemistry; Uranium; Mongolia ID MONO LAKE; CALIFORNIA; URANIUM; WATER; GROUNDWATER; CHEMISTRY; ALKALINE; OCEAN; BASIN; USA AB Extremely high concentrations of uranium (U) were discovered in shallow, groundwater-fed hyperalkaline soda lakes in Eastern Mongolia. A representative ground water sample in this area is dilute and alkaline, pH = 7.9, with 10 mM TIC and 5 mM Cl(-). In contrast, a representative lake water sample is pH similar to 10 with TIC and Cl each more than 1,000 mM. Groundwater concentrations of U range from 0.03 to 0.43 mu M L(-1). Lake water U ranges from 0.24 to >62.5 mu M, possibly the highest naturally occurring U concentrations ever reported in surface water. Strontium isotopes (87)Sr/(86)Sr varied in groundwaters from 0.706192 to 0.709776 and in lakes (87)Sr/(86)Sr varied from 0.708702 to 0.709432. High concentrations of U, Na, Cl(-), and K correlate to radiogenic Sr in lake waters suggesting that U is sourced from local Cretaceous alkaline rhyolites. Uranium-rich groundwaters are concentrated by evaporation and U(VI) is chelated by CO(3)(-2) to form the highly soluble UO(2)(CO(3))(3)(-4). Modeled evaporation of lakes suggests that a U-mineral phase is likely to precipitate during evaporation. C1 [Linhoff, Benjamin S.; Bennett, Philip C.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Puntsag, Tamir] NAMEM, Cent Lab Environm & Metrol, Ulaanbaatar 36, Mongol Peo Rep. [Gerel, Ochir] Mongolian Univ Sci & Technol, CPO, Ulaanbaatar 211213, Mongol Peo Rep. RP Linhoff, BS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Mail Stop D469, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM benlinhoff@lanl.gov FU US Student Fulbright Program; Jackson School of Geosciences at The University of Texas at Austin FX We thank the US Student Fulbright Program and the Jackson School of Geosciences at The University of Texas at Austin for financial support. We also thank Todd Housh, Laura Heister and Larry Mack and the Central Geological Laboratory in Ulaanbaatar for sample analysis, and Jay Banner and John Sharp for insight into isotope geochemistry and hydrogeology. Finally, we would like to thank the anonymous reviewer who helped improve this work. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 62 IS 1 BP 171 EP 183 DI 10.1007/s12665-010-0512-8 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 724KR UT WOS:000287575500017 ER PT J AU Speck, T Garrahan, JP AF Speck, T. Garrahan, J. P. TI Space-time phase transitions in driven kinetically constrained lattice models SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID SPATIALLY HETEROGENEOUS DYNAMICS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; GLASS-TRANSITION; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS AB Kinetically constrained models (KCMs) have been widely used to study and understand the origin of glassy dynamics. These models show an ergodic-nonergodic first-order phase transition between phases of distinct dynamical "activity". We introduce driven variants of two popular KCMs, the FA model and the (2)-TLG, as models for driven supercooled liquids. By classifying trajectories through their entropy production we prove that driven KCMs display an analogous first-order space-time transition between dynamical phases of finite and vanishing entropy production. We discuss how trajectories with rare values of entropy production can be realized as typical trajectories of a mapped system with modified forces. C1 [Speck, T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Speck, T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Garrahan, J. P.] Univ Nottingham, Dept Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Speck, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tspeck@lbl.gov RI Speck, Thomas/F-2624-2012; Jung, YounJoon/B-7353-2008; Physics, Komet/C-9533-2016 OI Speck, Thomas/0000-0002-6357-1180; FU Alexander-von-Humboldt foundation; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division and Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We are grateful to David Chandler for important discussions and Lester Hedges for help with simulating the (2)-TLG. T. S. acknowledges financial support by the Alexander-von-Humboldt foundation and by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division and Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6028 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD JAN PY 2011 VL 79 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1140/epjb/e2010-10800-x PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 712LR UT WOS:000286668800001 ER PT J AU Spadafora, L Berman, GP Borgonovi, F AF Spadafora, L. Berman, G. P. Borgonovi, F. TI Adiabaticity conditions for volatility smile in Black-Scholes pricing model SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTIONS; OPTIONS; LAW AB Our derivation of the distribution function for future returns is based on the risk neutral approach which gives a functional dependence for the European call (put) option price C(K) given the strike price K and the distribution function of the returns. We derive this distribution function using for C(K) a Black-Scholes expression with volatility sigma in the form of a volatility smile. We show that this approach based on a volatility smile leads to relative minima for the distribution function ("bad" probabilities) never observed in real data and, in the worst cases, negative probabilities. We show that these undesirable effects can be eliminated by requiring "adiabatic" conditions on the volatility smile. C1 [Spadafora, L.] Univ Cattolica, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, I-25121 Brescia, Italy. [Spadafora, L.] FinecoBank SpA, Unicredit Grp, I-20131 Milan, Italy. [Berman, G. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Borgonovi, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pavia, Pavia, Italy. RP Spadafora, L (reprint author), Univ Cattolica, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, Via Musei 41, I-25121 Brescia, Italy. EM l.spadafora@dmf.unicatt.it OI borgonovi, fausto/0000-0002-9730-1189 FU NNSA of the US DOE at LANL [DEAC52-06NA2539] FX The work by G. P. B. was carried out under the auspices of the NNSA of the US DOE at LANL under Contract No. DEAC52-06NA2539. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6028 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD JAN PY 2011 VL 79 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1140/epjb/e2010-10305-8 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 712LR UT WOS:000286668800007 ER PT J AU Shankar, TJ Sokhansanj, S Bandyopadhyay, S Bawa, AS AF Shankar, Tumuluru Jaya Sokhansanj, Shahab Bandyopadhyay, Sukumar Bawa, A. S. TI Storage Properties of Low Fat Fish and Rice Flour Coextrudates (vol 3, pg 481, 2010) SO FOOD AND BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Shankar, Tumuluru Jaya; Sokhansanj, Shahab] Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. [Sokhansanj, Shahab] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bandyopadhyay, Sukumar] Indian Inst Technol, Agr & Food Engn Dept, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. [Bawa, A. S.] Def Food Res Lab, Mysore 570011, Karnataka, India. RP Shankar, TJ (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. EM stumuluru@chml.ubc.ca NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1935-5130 J9 FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH JI Food Bioprocess Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 161 EP 161 DI 10.1007/s11947-010-0480-8 PG 1 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 720BH UT WOS:000287254700016 ER PT J AU Shankar, TJ Sokhansanj, S Bandyopadhyay, S Bawa, AS AF Shankar, Tumuluru Jaya Sokhansanj, Shahab Bandyopadhyay, Sukumar Bawa, A. S. TI A Case Study on Optimization of Biomass Flow During Single-Screw Extrusion Cooking Using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Response Surface Method (RSM) (vol 3, pg 498, 2010) SO FOOD AND BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Shankar, Tumuluru Jaya; Sokhansanj, Shahab] Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. [Sokhansanj, Shahab] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bandyopadhyay, Sukumar] Indian Inst Technol, Aquacultural Engn Discipline, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. [Bawa, A. S.] Def Food Res Lab, Mysore 570011, Karnataka, India. RP Shankar, TJ (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. EM stumuluru@chml.ubc.ca NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1935-5130 J9 FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH JI Food Bioprocess Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 162 EP 162 DI 10.1007/s11947-010-0481-7 PG 1 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 720BH UT WOS:000287254700017 ER PT J AU Nordquist, CD Wanke, MC Rowen, A Arrington, CL Grine, AD Fuller, CT AF Nordquist, Christopher D. Wanke, Michael C. Rowen, Adamm. Arrington, Christian L. Grine, Albert D. Fuller, Charles T. TI Properties of Surface Metal Micromachined Rectangular Waveguide Operating Near 3 THz SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Micromachining; rectangular waveguides; submillimeter wave technology ID MILLIMETER-WAVE; CIRCUITS AB Single-mode TE10 rectangular waveguides operating near 3 THz have been demonstrated. The waveguides have internal dimensions of 75 mu m x 37 mu m (WR-0.3) and are fabricated using an additive gold electroplating process on a silicon substrate. The impact of photoresist removal holes was minimized by full-wave design of the hole and matching structures. Waveguides were measured at three frequencies from 2.56 to 3.11 THz and demonstrated loss as low as 1.3 dB/mm at 3.11 THz, corresponding to a loss per wavelength of 0.12 dB/lambda. This paper summarizes the design, fabrication, and measurement of these micromachined waveguides operating near 3 THz. C1 [Nordquist, Christopher D.; Wanke, Michael C.; Rowen, Adamm.; Fuller, Charles T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Arrington, Christian L.; Grine, Albert D.] LMATA Govt Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nordquist, CD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM cdnordq@sandia.gov; mcwanke@sandia.gov; amrowen@sandia.gov; clarrin@sandia.gov; adgrine@sandia.gov; ctfulle@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Sandia National Laboratories, Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 17 IS 1 BP 130 EP 137 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2010.2049095 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 717YV UT WOS:000287086100016 ER PT J AU Allen, DG Hargett, TW Reno, JL Wanke, MC AF Allen, Dan G. Hargett, Terry W. Reno, John L. Wanke, Michael C. TI Optical Bistability From Domain Formation in Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Bistability; domain formation; quantum cascade laser (QCL); terahertz (THz) ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; WAVE-GUIDES AB Novel transverse-mode behavior and bistability are observed in spectral and far-field measurements of terahertz-distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers. Prior to onset of negative differential resistance (NDR) at the maximum superlattice current, lasing is exclusive to a single (TM00) transverse mode. Precisely at NDR, lasing switches to a distinct (TM01) transverse mode. The spatial redistribution of optical power in the NDR regime is explained in terms of formation of bias domains localized to the lateral edges of the waveguide. As the bias voltage is reduced below NDR, hysteresis is observed as continued lasing on the TM01 mode. Photon-assisted current transport is proposed as the dominant mechanism for the bistability. C1 [Allen, Dan G.; Hargett, Terry W.; Reno, John L.; Wanke, Michael C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Allen, DG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM dgallen@sandia.gov; twharge@sandia.gov; jlreno@sandia.gov; mcwanke@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the Lockheed Martin Shared Vision program and Sandia National Laboratory, Laboratory Directed Research and Development program for the U.S. Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 17 IS 1 BP 222 EP 228 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2010.2044748 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 717YV UT WOS:000287086100028 ER PT J AU Cohen, BI Dimits, AM Friedman, A Caflisch, RE AF Cohen, Bruce I. Dimits, Andris M. Friedman, Alex Caflisch, Russel E. TI Time-Step Considerations in Particle Simulation Algorithms for Coulomb Collisions in Plasmas (vol 38, pg 2394, 2010) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Correction DE Algorithms; collision processes; computer applications; numerical analysis; particle collisions; plasmas C1 [Cohen, Bruce I.; Dimits, Andris M.; Friedman, Alex] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Caflisch, Russel E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Math, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Cohen, BI (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM cohen1@llnl.gov; dimits1@llnl.gov; afriedman@lbl.gov; caflisch@math.ucla.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 39 IS 1 BP 624 EP 624 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2089538 PN 2 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 703VT UT WOS:000286010100016 ER PT J AU Iqbal, G Guo, HA Kang, BS Marina, OA AF Iqbal, Gulfam Guo, Huang Kang, Bruce S. Marina, Olga A. TI Durability Prediction of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode Material under Thermomechanical and Fuel Gas Contaminant Effects SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOFC STACK; DEGRADATION; MODEL AB Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) operate under harsh environments, which cause the deterioration of anode material properties and service life. In addition to electrochemical performance, the structural integrity of the SOFC anode is essential for successful long-term operation. The SOFC anode is subjected to stresses at high temperature, thermal/redox cycles, and fuel gas contaminant effects during long-term operation. These mechanisms can alter the anode microstructure and affect its electrochemical and structural properties. In this research, anode material degradation mechanisms are briefly reviewed and an anode material durability model is developed and implemented in finite-element analysis. The model takes into account thermomechanical and fuel gas contaminant degradation mechanisms for predicting the long-term structural integrity of the SOFC anode. The proposed model is validated experimentally using a NexTech Probostat (TM) SOFC button cell test apparatus integrated with a Sagnac optical setup for simultaneously measuring electrochemical performance and in situ anode surface deformation. C1 [Iqbal, Gulfam; Guo, Huang; Kang, Bruce S.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Marina, Olga A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Efficiency Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Iqbal, G (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM giqbal@mix.wvu.edu FU Basic Energy Sciences Division, U.S. Department of Energy; National Energy Technology Laboratory; WV State EPSCoR Office; West Virginia University [DE-FG02-06ER46299] FX Supported by the Basic Energy Sciences Division, U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, WV State EPSCoR Office, and the West Virginia University under grant no. DE-FG02-06ER46299. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2011 VL 8 IS 1 BP 13 EP 22 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2009.02415.x PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 703HI UT WOS:000285968600002 ER PT J AU Chou, YS Stevenson, JW Choi, JP AF Chou, Yeong-Shyung Stevenson, Jeffry W. Choi, Jung-Pyung TI Evaluation of a Single Cell and Candidate Materials with High-Water-Content Hydrogen in a Generic Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack Test Fixture, Part I: Test Fixture and Electrochemical Performance SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FERRITIC STAINLESS-STEEL; CHEMICAL COMPATIBILITY; SEALING GLASSES; SOFC CATHODES; INTERCONNECT; ALLOY; DEGRADATION; ANODE AB A generic solid oxide fuel cell test fixture intended to evaluate candidate materials under realistic conditions was developed. A commerical NiO-YSZ-supported YSZ electrolyte and LSM-YSZ cathode cell was tested to evaluate the stability of candidate materials. The cell was tested in two stages of low- and high-water-content fuel at 800 degrees C. Part I of the work will describe the test fixture, electrochemical performance of the cell, and postmortem analysis. In part I, the cell showed a substantial degradation in the first stage and no degradation afterward. Impedance and I-V curves were recorded. Optical and scanning electron microscopywere used for characterization and seal assessment. C1 [Chou, Yeong-Shyung; Stevenson, Jeffry W.; Choi, Jung-Pyung] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Efficiency Div, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Chou, YS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Efficiency Div, K2-44,POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM yeong-shyung.chou@pnl.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX The authors thank S. Carlson for SEM sample preparation, and J. Coleman for SEM analysis. The authors thank Wayne Surdoval and Briggs White from NETL for helpful discussions. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the US Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2011 VL 8 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2010.02564.x PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 703HI UT WOS:000285968600003 ER PT J AU Liu, WNN Sun, X Koeppel, B Stephens, E Khaleel, MA AF Liu, Wenning N. Sun, Xin Koeppel, Brian Stephens, Elizabeth Khaleel, Mohammad A. TI Creep Behavior of Glass/Ceramic Sealant and its Effect on Long-Term Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLASS-CERAMIC SEALANTS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SOFC APPLICATIONS; STAINLESS-STEEL; COMPOSITE SEALS; TEMPERATURE; CROFER-22-APU; TECHNOLOGY; SYSTEMS; STACK AB The creep behavior of glass or glass-ceramic sealant materials used in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) becomes relevant under SOFC operating temperatures. In this paper, the creep of glass-ceramic sealants was experimentally examined, and a standard linear solid model was applied to capture the creep behavior of glass-ceramic sealant materials developed for planar SOFCs at high temperatures. The parameters of this model were determined based on the creep test results. Furthermore, the creep model was incorporated into finite-element software programs SOFC-MP and Mentat-FC developed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for multiphysics simulation of SOFCs. The effect of creep of glass-ceramic sealant materials on the long-term performance of SOFC stacks was investigated by studying the stability of the flow channels and the stress redistribution in the glass seal and on the various interfaces of the glass seal with other layers. Finite-element analyses were performed to quantify the stresses in various parts. The stresses in glass seals were released because of creep behavior during operations. C1 [Liu, Wenning N.; Sun, Xin; Koeppel, Brian; Stephens, Elizabeth; Khaleel, Mohammad A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Liu, WNN (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM wenning.liu@pnl.gov OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory FX This work was supported by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under the Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. The work was funded as part of the Solid-State Energy Conversion Alliance Core Technology Program by the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2011 VL 8 IS 1 BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2009.02455.x PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 703HI UT WOS:000285968600006 ER PT J AU Li, YH Jiang, YL Wu, JW Pineault, R Gemmenn, R Liu, XB AF Li, Yihong Jiang, Yinglu Wu, Junwei Pineault, Richard Gemmenn, Randall Liu, Xingbo TI Corrosion Behavior of Ebrite and SS430 in Coal Syngas with Loaded Current SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELL; FE-CR ALLOY; OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; INTERCONNECT APPLICATIONS; SOFC; ATMOSPHERE; STEELS AB To understand the corrosion behavior of solid oxide fuel cell interconnect under current effects, two ferritic alloys, Ebrite and SS430, were investigated with a 0.5 A/cm2 loading current. The samples were exposed to coal syngas (29.1CO+28.5H(2)+11.8 CO(2)+27 center dot 6H(2)O+2.1N(2)+0.01CH(4)) at 800 degrees C for 500 h. Surface and cross-section morphologies, chemical compositions, and conductivities of the oxide scales were studied. It was found that the oxide films formed on the different sides of the sample have similar phases. However, oxide films' thicknesses and surface morphologies are significantly different. C1 [Li, Yihong; Jiang, Yinglu; Wu, Junwei; Pineault, Richard; Gemmenn, Randall; Liu, Xingbo] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Li, Yihong; Jiang, Yinglu; Wu, Junwei; Liu, Xingbo] W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Li, YH (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM xingbo.liu@mail.wvu.edu FU National Energy Technology Laboratory [DE-AC26-04NT41817] FX This work was supported by the National Energy Technology Laboratory's on-going research on solid oxide fuel cell under contract #DE-AC26-04NT41817. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2011 VL 8 IS 1 BP 60 EP 67 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2010.02553.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 703HI UT WOS:000285968600007 ER PT J AU Morris, JP Detwiler, RL Friedmann, SJ Vorobiev, OY Hao, Y AF Morris, Joseph P. Detwiler, Russell L. Friedmann, Samuel J. Vorobiev, Oleg Y. Hao, Yue TI The large-scale geomechanical and hydrogeological effects of multiple CO2 injection sites on formation stability SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Coupled processes; Computational geomechanics; Geologic sequestration; Large scale ID FLUID-FLOW; FAULT; SEQUESTRATION; SIMULATIONS; EQUATION; STATE AB We present results of a recent study investigating geomechanical and hydrogeological consequences of large-scale deployment of CO2 sequestration within a region spanning tens of kilometres. This initial study considered a faulted aquifer bounded above and below by impermeable rock. We performed a parameter study of fault activation due to elevated pore pressures and addressed several combinations of injection scenarios and in situ stress orientations. The simulations were performed using iteratively coupled flow and geomechanical capabilities. For each scenario, multiple fluid injectors were simulated using a non-steady reservoir flow model while geomechanical analysis predicted the evolving potential for fault reactivation within the reservoir and concomitant permeability evolution. It is observed that the initially considered scenario leads to a loss of containment of fluid from the storage domain. However, alternative scenarios involving either different in situ stress conditions, or modified injection scenarios resulted in successful containment. The results highlight the importance of site selection, site characterization and in situ stress determination when pressure waves from multiple wells and multiple faults interact, and demonstrate the ability of existing tools to help resolve these issues. The results also emphasize that site-specific injection scenarios will be required to manage permitting, deployment, and operations in such a way as to avoid unintended negative consequences, such as large-scale fault activation, related to large-scale deployment. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Morris, Joseph P.] Schlumberger Doll Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Morris, Joseph P.; Friedmann, Samuel J.; Vorobiev, Oleg Y.; Hao, Yue] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Detwiler, Russell L.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Morris, JP (reprint author), Schlumberger Doll Res Ctr, 1 Hampshire St,MD B408, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM jpmorris@slb.com RI Detwiler, Russell/C-3228-2008 OI Detwiler, Russell/0000-0002-7693-9271 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work is performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD JAN PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.ijggc.2010.07.006 PG 6 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 717SC UT WOS:000287066700008 ER PT J AU Scherer, GW Kutchko, B Thaulow, N Duguid, A Mook, B AF Scherer, George W. Kutchko, Barbara Thaulow, Niels Duguid, Andrew Mook, Bryant TI Characterization of cement from a well at Teapot Dome Oil Field: Implications for geological sequestration SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Cement; Sulfate; Oil well; Petrography ID FLY-ASH; CO2; CONCRETE; STORAGE; ATTACK; TIME AB Wellbores represent the weakest link in terms of CO2 storage permanence. As a result, special attention to the numerous existing wells that perforate storage formations is needed. The pre-injection condition of the cement can influence the rate (and type) of alteration by the injected CO2 plume. The condition of the existing well cement depends on a variety of factors including wellbore/formation and wellbore/brine interactions as well as the composition and type of cement placed in the well (i.e. type of admixtures used, water/solids ratio, sulfate resistant mixes, etc.). In this paper, the details of recovering wellbore cement from an older well to determine pre-injection seal integrity are described. Petrographical and chemical analyses are presented for samples of cement that were retrieved from a 19-year-old well at Teapot Dome in Wyoming. Examination revealed that the retrieved cement had altered as a result of original slurry composition and with respect to the local downhole wellbore environment. Although samples were obtained from a single well, significant differences were observed in their alteration and condition. Sulfate attack resulted in abundant ettringite formation in a cement sample taken adjacent to the Wall Creek sandstone (3060 ft), while cement taken adjacent to the Tensleep formation (5478 ft) was decalcified and enriched in magnesium, owing to reaction of calcium hydroxide in the cement with the dolomitic formation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Scherer, George W.; Duguid, Andrew] Princeton Univ, Civil & Env Eng PRISM, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kutchko, Barbara] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Thaulow, Niels] RJ Lee Grp Inc, Monroeville, PA 15146 USA. [Mook, Bryant] US DOE, Rocky Mt Oilfield Testing Ctr, Casper, WY 82601 USA. RP Scherer, GW (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Civil & Env Eng PRISM, Eng Quad E-319, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM scherer@princeton.edu OI Scherer, George/0000-0002-5874-2627 FU Dept. of Energy [2004-051]; Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University; BP; Ford Motor Company FX The cement sampling project was sponsored by the Dept. of Energy, Cooperative Research and Development Agreement No. 2004-051. We are indebted to Steve Hardy, RMOTC Field Engineer, for details regarding the cementing of well #43 Tpx-10, and to Vicky Stamp, RMOTC Project Engineer, for coordinating the project. We thank the Schlumberger crew for designing and operating the coring tool. Andrew Duguid was supported by the Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University, sponsored by BP and Ford Motor Company. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD JAN PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.ijggc.2010.06.010 PG 10 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 717SC UT WOS:000287066700012 ER PT J AU Tomsia, AP Launey, ME Lee, JS Mankani, MH Wegst, UGK Saiz, E AF Tomsia, Antoni P. Launey, Maximilien E. Lee, Janice S. Mankani, Mahesh H. Wegst, Ulrike G. K. Saiz, Eduardo TI Nanotechnology Approaches to Improve Dental Implants SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL IMPLANTS LA English DT Article DE coatings; dental implants; mechanical properties; nanotechnology; osseointegration; surface engineering ID CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE COATINGS; PLASMA-SPRAYED COATINGS; TOTAL HIP-ARTHROPLASTY; ZIRCONIA-TOUGHENED ALUMINA; BIOACTIVE GLASS COATINGS; POROUS COATED IMPLANTS; OSTEOBLAST-LIKE CELLS; MARROW STROMAL CELLS; LOCAL-DRUG DELIVERY; IN-VITRO EVALUATION AB The requirements imposed by the enormous scale and overall complexity of designing new implants or complete organ regeneration are well beyond the reach of present technology in many dimensions, including nanoscale, as researchers do not yet have the basic knowledge required to achieve these goals. The need for a synthetic implant to address multiple physical and biologic factors imposes tremendous constraints on the choice of suitable materials. There is a strong belief that nanoscale materials will produce a new generation of implant materials with high efficiency, low cost, and high volume. The nanoscale in materials processing is truly a new frontier. Metallic dental implants have been used successfully for decades, but they have serious shortcomings related to their osseointegration and the fact that their mechanical properties do not match those of bone. This paper reviews recent advances in the fabrication of novel coatings and nanopatterning of dental implants. It also provides a general summary of the state of the art in dental implant science and describes possible advantages of nanotechnology for future improvements. The ultimate goal is to produce materials and therapies that will bring state-of-the-art technology to the bedside and improve quality of life and current standards of care. INT J ORAL MAXILLOFAC IMPLANTS 2011;26(SUPPL):25-44 C1 [Tomsia, Antoni P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Launey, Maximilien E.] Cordis Corp, Fremont, CA USA. [Lee, Janice S.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Oral Maxillofacial Surg, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Mankani, Mahesh H.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Surg, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Wegst, Ulrike G. K.] Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Saiz, Eduardo] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Adv Struct Ceram, Dept Mat, London, England. RP Tomsia, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MSD Bldg 62R0203, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aptomsia@lbl.gov FU National Institutes of Health (NIH/NIDCR) [5R01 DE015633] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH/NIDCR) under grant No. 5R01 DE015633. NR 231 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 21 PU QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING CO INC PI HANOVER PARK PA 4350 CHANDLER DRIVE, HANOVER PARK, IL 60133 USA SN 0882-2786 EI 1942-4434 J9 INT J ORAL MAX IMPL JI Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants PY 2011 VL 26 SU S BP 25 EP 44 PG 20 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 724HD UT WOS:000287565800004 ER PT J AU Savee, JD Mann, JE Laperle, CM Continetti, RE AF Savee, John D. Mann, Jennifer E. Laperle, Christopher M. Continetti, Robert E. TI Experimental probes of transient neutral species using dissociative charge exchange SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEWS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE dissociation dynamics; charge exchange; excited states; translational spectroscopy ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; REIONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTRONIC EMISSION-SPECTRUM; UNIMOLECULAR TRIPLE DISSOCIATION; CHEMICAL-REACTION DYNAMICS; EXCITED-STATE TOPOLOGY; MOLECULAR 3-BODY DECAY; ION-BEAM TECHNIQUES; TRIATOMIC HYDROGEN; SYM-TRIAZINE AB In this review, recent progress on studies of the dissociation dynamics of transient neutral species produced by charge exchange (CE) of molecular cations with caesium is reviewed. CE experiments using translational spectroscopy in fast ion beams have made important contributions to understanding the spectroscopy and dynamics of high-lying excited states of transient species for some 50 years. Recent advances in time- and position-sensitive detection techniques coupled to jet-cooled supersonic expansion ion sources have allowed measurements yielding unprecedented detail for dissociation processes occurring from complex molecular species. Applications of this technique to studying the two- and three-body dissociation of H3 and sym-triazine, as well as the two-body dissociation of the HN2 radical to H + N2 are reviewed. These systems illustrate the insights gained into the dynamics of the dissociative states from examination of product kinetic energy release distributions and detailed measurements of momentum partitioning in three-body dissociation processes. C1 [Savee, John D.; Mann, Jennifer E.; Continetti, Robert E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Laperle, Christopher M.] Providence Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, Providence, RI 02918 USA. [Savee, John D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Mann, Jennifer E.] Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Continetti, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM rcontinetti@ucsd.edu OI Continetti, Robert/0000-0002-0685-4459 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-04-1-0035]; National Science Foundation [CHE-055221] FX This study was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-04-1-0035) and the National Science Foundation (CHE-055221). The authors also acknowledge M. A. Fineman, R. D. Thomas, V. A. Mozhayskiy and A. I. Krylov for their contributions to this research. NR 160 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-235X EI 1366-591X J9 INT REV PHYS CHEM JI Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 BP 79 EP 113 AR PII 932213057 DI 10.1080/0144235X.2010.537131 PG 35 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 716CU UT WOS:000286943400003 ER PT J AU Hopkins, PE Serrano, JR Phinney, LM Li, HQ Misra, A AF Hopkins, Patrick E. Serrano, Justin R. Phinney, Leslie M. Li, Hongqi Misra, Amit TI Boundary scattering effects during electron thermalization in nanoporous gold SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT; KAPITZA CONDUCTANCE; PHONON; EMISSION; LATTICE; METALS; FILMS; AU AB We study the electron relaxation processes in nanoporous Au structures using pump-probe thermoreflectance. Using a modified two temperature model, we determine that the electron Fermi relaxation time is unaffected by the ligament size and is an athermal process that is constant with laser pulse excitation, yet the electron-phonon relaxation is affected by boundary scattering and is dependent on electron temperature. The increased, temperature dependent electron-phonon coupling measurements can be explained by electron-boundary scattering and electron-electron scattering that alters the rate of electron equilibration with the surrounding media. These results lend insight into electron relaxation processes in high surface area nanostructures. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3530866] C1 [Hopkins, Patrick E.; Serrano, Justin R.; Phinney, Leslie M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Li, Hongqi; Misra, Amit] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hopkins, PE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pehopki@sandia.gov RI Li, Hongqi/B-6993-2008; Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 FU LDRD program office through Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX P.E.H. is greatly appreciative for funding from the LDRD program office through Sandia National Laboratories. The authors would like to thank Dr. S. T. Picraux at Los Alamos National Laboratories for insightful discussions. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility; the authors would like to thank John Sullivan for assistance regarding work at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Co., for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 1 AR 013524 DI 10.1063/1.3530866 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 706LG UT WOS:000286219300049 ER PT J AU Limbach, F Gotschke, T Stoica, T Calarco, R Sutter, E Ciston, J Cusco, R Artus, L Kremling, S Hofling, S Worschech, L Grutzmacher, D AF Limbach, F. Gotschke, T. Stoica, T. Calarco, R. Sutter, E. Ciston, J. Cusco, R. Artus, L. Kremling, S. Hoefling, S. Worschech, L. Gruetzmacher, D. TI Structural and optical properties of InGaN-GaN nanowire heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; INN NANOWIRES; RAMAN-SCATTERING; NANOROD ARRAYS; MBE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; NANOWHISKERS; LUMINESCENCE; NANOCOLUMNS; NUCLEATION AB InGaN/GaN nanowire (NW) heterostructures grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy were studied in comparison to their GaN and InGaN counterparts. The InGaN/GaN heterostructure NWs are composed of a GaN NW, a thin InGaN shell, and a multifaceted InGaN cap wrapping the top part of the GaN NW. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images taken from different parts of a InGaN/GaN NW show a wurtzite structure of the GaN core and the epitaxial InGaN shell around it, while additional crystallographic domains are observed whithin the InGaN cap region. Large changes in the lattice parameter along the wire, from pure GaN to higher In concentration demonstrate the successful growth of a complex InGaN/GaN NW heterostructure. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of these heterostructure NW ensembles show rather broad and intense emission peak at 2.1 eV. However, mu-PL spectra measured on single NWs reveal a reduced broadening of the visible luminescence. The analysis of the longitudinal optical phonon Raman peak position and its shape reveal a variation in the In content between 20% and 30%, in agreement with the values estimated by PL and HRTEM investigations. The reported studies are important for understanding of the growth and properties of NW heterostructures suitable for applications in optoelectronics and photovoltaics. (c) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3530634] C1 [Limbach, F.; Gotschke, T.; Stoica, T.; Calarco, R.; Gruetzmacher, D.] Res Ctr Julich GmbH, Inst Bio & Nanosyst IBN 1, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Limbach, F.; Gotschke, T.; Stoica, T.; Calarco, R.; Gruetzmacher, D.] JARA FIT Fundamentals Future Informat Technol, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Sutter, E.; Ciston, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Cusco, R.; Artus, L.] CSIC, Inst Jaume Almera, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. [Kremling, S.; Hoefling, S.; Worschech, L.] Univ Wurzburg, Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen Res Ctr Complex Matter Sys, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany. RP Limbach, F (reprint author), Res Ctr Julich GmbH, Inst Bio & Nanosyst IBN 1, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM f.limbach@fz-juelich.de RI Calarco, Raffaella/B-8218-2011; Hofling, Sven/C-3140-2013; OI Hofling, Sven/0000-0003-0034-4682; Grutzmacher, Detlev/0000-0001-6290-9672; Cusco, Ramon/0000-0001-9490-4884 FU German Ministry of Education and Research; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH1-886]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [MAT2007-63617] FX The authors wish to thank K. H. Deussen (IBN-1) and K. Kisslinger (Brookhaven National Laboratory) for technical support. This work was financially supported by the German Ministry of Education and Research project "QPENS." It was performed in part under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH1-886. R.C. and L.A. acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under Contract No. MAT2007-63617. See Ref. 41 for a set of annular dark field images of single InGaN/GaN NW heterostructure are displayed in the electronic supplementary material as a movie extracted from a STEM tomography tilt series. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 62 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 1 AR 014309 DI 10.1063/1.3530634 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 706LG UT WOS:000286219300115 ER PT J AU Musaev, OR Midgley, AE Wrobel, JM Yan, J Kruger, MB AF Musaev, O. R. Midgley, A. E. Wrobel, J. M. Yan, J. Kruger, M. B. TI Fractal character of titania nanoparticles formed by laser ablation (vol 106, 054306, 2009) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Musaev, O. R.; Midgley, A. E.; Wrobel, J. M.; Kruger, M. B.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Yan, J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Musaev, OR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. EM musaevo@umkc.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 1 AR 019904 DI 10.1063/1.3525988 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 706LG UT WOS:000286219300176 ER PT J AU Nandasiri, MI Nachimuthu, P Varga, T Shutthanandan, V Jiang, W Kuchibhatla, SVNT Thevuthasan, S Seal, S Kayani, A AF Nandasiri, M. I. Nachimuthu, P. Varga, T. Shutthanandan, V. Jiang, W. Kuchibhatla, Satyanarayana V. N. T. Thevuthasan, S. Seal, S. Kayani, A. TI Influence of growth rate on the epitaxial orientation and crystalline quality of CeO2 thin films grown on Al2O3(0001) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; DEPOSITION RATE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SURFACE-STRUCTURE; PLANE SAPPHIRE; CERIA SURFACES; TEMPERATURE; SPECTROSCOPY; STABILITY; CEO2(001) AB Growth rate-induced epitaxial orientations and crystalline quality of CeO2 thin films grown on Al2O3(0001) by oxygen plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy were studied using in situ and ex situ characterization techniques. CeO2 grows as three-dimensional (3D) islands and two-dimensional layers at growth rates of 1-7 angstrom/min and >= 9 angstrom/min, respectively. The formation of epitaxial CeO2(100) and CeO2(111) thin films occurs at growth rates of 1 angstrom/min and >= 9 angstrom/min, respectively. Glancing-incidence x-ray diffraction measurements have shown that the films grown at intermediate growth rates (2-7 angstrom/min) consist of polycrystalline CeO2 along with CeO2(100). The thin film grown at 1 angstrom/min exhibits six in-plane domains, characteristic of well-aligned CeO2(100) crystallites. The content of the poorly aligned CeO2(100) crystallites increases with increasing growth rate from 2 to 7 angstrom/min, and three out of six in-plane domains gradually decrease and eventually disappear, as confirmed by XRD pole figures. At growth rates >= 9 angstrom/min, CeO2(111) film with single in-plane domain was identified. The formation of CeO2(100) 3D islands at growth rates of 1-7 angstrom/min is a kinetically driven process unlike at growth rates >= 9 angstrom/min which result in an energetically and thermodynamically more stable CeO2(111) surface. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3525558] C1 [Nandasiri, M. I.; Kayani, A.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Nandasiri, M. I.; Nachimuthu, P.; Varga, T.; Shutthanandan, V.; Jiang, W.; Kuchibhatla, Satyanarayana V. N. T.; Thevuthasan, S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, EMSL, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Seal, S.] Univ Cent Florida, AMPAC, NSTC, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Nandasiri, MI (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM manjula@pnl.gov; theva@pnl.gov OI Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313 FU Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; PNNL is operated for the U.S. DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX The research was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for the U.S. DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 1 AR 013525 DI 10.1063/1.3525558 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 706LG UT WOS:000286219300050 ER PT J AU Timofeeva, EV Yu, WH France, DM Singh, D Routbort, JL AF Timofeeva, Elena V. Yu, Wenhua France, David M. Singh, Dileep Routbort, Jules L. TI Base fluid and temperature effects on the heat transfer characteristics of SiC in ethylene glycol/H2O and H2O nanofluids SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY AB Experimental data are presented for the thermal conductivity, viscosity, and turbulent flow heat transfer coefficient of nanofluids with SiC particles suspended in ethylene glycol (EG)/water (H2O) mixture with a 50/50 volume ratio. The results are compared to the analogous suspensions in water for four sizes of SiC particles (16-90 nm). It is demonstrated that the heat transfer efficiency is a function of both the average particle size and the system temperature. The results show that adding SiC nanoparticles to an EG/H2O mixture can significantly improve the cooling efficiency while water-based nanofluids are typically less efficient than the base fluids. This is one of the few times that substantial nanofluid heat transfer enhancement has been reported in the literature based on a realistic comparison basis of constant velocity or pumping power. The trends important for engineering efficient heat transfer nanofluids are summarized. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3524274] C1 [Timofeeva, Elena V.; Yu, Wenhua; Routbort, Jules L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [France, David M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Singh, Dileep] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Timofeeva, EV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM etimofeeva@anl.gov RI Timofeeva, Elena/E-6391-2010; OI Timofeeva, Elena V./0000-0001-7839-2727 FU DOE [M68008852]; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We appreciate the active cooperation of Steve Hartline from Saint Gobain Inc. in supplying nanofluids for this study and on the project in general. This work is funded by the DOE Industrial Technology Program No. M68008852. Argonne National Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 by UChicago Argonne LLC. NR 16 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 1 AR 014914 DI 10.1063/1.3524274 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 706LG UT WOS:000286219300158 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Park, G Kim, CG Farrar, CR AF Lee, Jeong-Seok Park, Gyuhae Kim, Chun-Gon Farrar, Charles R. TI Use of Relative Baseline Features of Guided Waves for In situ Structural Health Monitoring SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Structural Health Monitoring; guided waves; Piezoelectric ID LAMB WAVES; NONDESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION; DAMAGE DETECTION; ACTIVE-SENSORS; PERFORMANCE; VALIDATION; SANDWICH AB This article presents a new signal-processing technique, which utilizes ''relative baselines'' instead of ''pre-stored baselines,'' for Lamb wave based SHM. Several successful SHM methods utilizing wave propagations usually involve recording baseline measurements and comparing them to a newly measured response for structural damage identification. However, maintaining an accurate database of baselines remains challenging because of the effects of varying environmental conditions. Therefore, in this study, the relative baseline concept is proposed, in which measured Lamb waves are correlated between different sensor-actuator sets, as opposed to being correlated to pre-stored baseline data. This study focuses on determining the feature best used for this relative baseline concept, and cross-correlation and power spectral density analysis techniques are performed on data sets recorded from composite and aluminum plates. Experiments are performed with these plates under the presence of temperature variations in order to demonstrate the capability of the relative baseline concept. Our experimental results clearly indicate that the proposed technique reduces the complications associated with using pre-stored baselines for SHM under varying environmental conditions, and provides a quantitative means of identifying structural damage. C1 [Kim, Chun-Gon] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Park, Gyuhae; Farrar, Charles R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lee, Jeong-Seok] Agcy Def Dev, R&D Inst 7, Taejon 305600, South Korea. RP Kim, CG (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, 373-1 Kusong Dong, Taejon 305701, South Korea. EM cgkim@kaist.ac.kr RI Kim, Chun-Gon/C-2018-2011; Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012; OI Kim, Chun-Gon/0000-0002-8250-4792; Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 22 IS 2 BP 175 EP 189 DI 10.1177/1045389X10395643 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 719VI UT WOS:000287239200007 ER PT J AU Jeon, SH Xu, P Zhang, B Mack, NH Tsai, H Chiang, LY Wang, HL AF Jeon, Sea-Ho Xu, Ping Zhang, Bin Mack, Nathan H. Tsai, Hsinhan Chiang, Long Y. Wang, Hsing-Lin TI Polymer-assisted preparation of metal nanoparticles with controlled size and morphology SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SHAPE-CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; ULTRAVIOLET-IRRADIATION TECHNIQUE; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; COMPOSITE FILMS; POLY(VINYL PYRROLIDONE); RESONANT ABSORPTION; CHEMICAL-DEPOSITION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ONE-STEP AB We describe here a one-step synthesis of hybrid metal nanoparticles (MNPs) and polymer composites on glass substrates using poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as both the reducing agent and polymer matrix. With this method, it takes only one minute to produce a nanocomposite thin film that contains MNPs with controlled size and morphology. The size and morphology of gold nanoparticles can be manipulated by simply modulating the ratio between the PVP and the Au precursor, while the nearly monodispersed spherical silver nanoparticles are insensitive to the reaction conditions, which is believed to result from a better control over the crystal structure of the Ag seeds than that of the Au seeds in the presence of PVP. Moreover, the resulting MNP-polymer composites are high-quality thin films with tunable optical properties-the lambda(max) of absorption spectra changes from 480 nm to greater than 580 nm (from blue to red color). This environmentally friendly synthetic technique may open up a new avenue for facile nanomaterial synthesis that is not accessible by conventional solution chemistry. C1 [Xu, Ping; Zhang, Bin] Harbin Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. [Jeon, Sea-Ho; Mack, Nathan H.; Tsai, Hsinhan; Wang, Hsing-Lin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Jeon, Sea-Ho; Chiang, Long Y.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Xu, P (reprint author), Harbin Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. EM pxu@hit.edu.cn; hwang@lanl.gov RI Xu, Ping/I-1910-2013 OI Xu, Ping/0000-0002-1516-4986 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) under DOE; National Nanotechnology Enterprise Development Center (NNEDC); BES; U.S. Department of Energy, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Sandia National Laboratories [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC); NSFC [20776032, 21071037]; Special Fund of Harbin Technological Innovation [2010RFXXG012] FX HLW thanks the financial support from Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) fund under the auspices of DOE, and the National Nanotechnology Enterprise Development Center (NNEDC). Partial support by BES, biomaterials program for understanding the growth mechanisms of metal nanoparticles. This work was performed in part at the U.S. Department of Energy, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, at Los Alamos National Laboratory (DE-AC52-06NA25396) and Sandia National Laboratories (DE-AC04-94AL85000). PX thanks the support from the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC), NSFC (No. 20776032, 21071037), and Special Fund of Harbin Technological Innovation (2010RFXXG012). NR 48 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 39 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 8 BP 2550 EP 2554 DI 10.1039/c0jm02340j PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 718AP UT WOS:000287092000022 ER PT J AU Zhu, QM Hopper, EM Ingram, BJ Mason, TO AF Zhu, Qimin Hopper, E. Mitchell Ingram, Brian J. Mason, Thomas O. TI Combined Jonker and Ioffe Analysis of Oxide Conductors and Semiconductors SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; DELAFOSSITE-TYPE OXIDE; AL-DOPED ZNO; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; TRANSPARENT; TRANSPORT; FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; REFRIGERATION; CONDUCTIVITY AB Jonker plots (Seebeck coefficient versus logarithm of conductivity) have been utilized to obtain the product of the density of states (DOS) and mobility (mu) in oxide semiconductors, from which the maximum electrical conductivity can be estimated for degenerate transparent conducting oxide (TCO) applications. In addition, the DOS-mu product can be utilized to predict the maximum achievable "power factor" (PF, Seebeck coefficient squared times conductivity) for oxide semiconductors. The PF is an important parameter governing the figure of merit for thermoelectric oxide (TEO) applications. The procedure employs an analysis developed by Ioffe, and provides an important screening tool for oxide (and other) thermoelectric materials, based upon data from polycrystalline ceramic specimens. Several oxides, including known transparent conductors, are considered as TCO and TEO case studies in the present work. C1 [Zhu, Qimin; Hopper, E. Mitchell; Mason, Thomas O.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Zhu, Qimin; Mason, Thomas O.] Argonne NW Solar Energy Res Ctr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Ingram, Brian J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60643 USA. EM t-mason@northwestern.edu RI Mason, Thomas/B-7528-2009 FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center [DE-SC0001059]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0502513] FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center under grant no. DE-SC0001059. EMH and TOM acknowledge the support of the MRSEC program of the National Science Foundation (DMR-0502513) at the Materials Research Center of Northwestern University. This work made use of central facilities of the Northwestern University Materials Research Center. NR 49 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 94 IS 1 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.04047.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 703IR UT WOS:000285972100007 ER PT J AU Sheldon, BW Nicholas, JD Mandowara, S AF Sheldon, Brian W. Nicholas, Jason D. Mandowara, Sunil TI Tensile Stress Evolution During the Early-Stage Constrained Sintering of Gadolinium-Doped Ceria Films SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; THIN-FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; THERMAL-EXPANSION; POWDER COMPACTS; RIGID SUBSTRATE; CIRCUIT PASTE; BEHAVIOR AB In situ measurements during the constrained sintering of Gd-doped ceria reveal tensile stresses up to similar to 250 MPa. These large tensile stresses are likely to contribute to the reduced densification (compared with freely sintered material) typically observed during constrained sintering. While existing models postulate that the tensile stress in a densifying constrained film cannot exceed the "sintering stress," Sigma(S), the observed tensile stresses are significantly larger than the estimated Sigma(S) for these materials. To explain this observation, we propose that the formation and extension of interparticle grain boundaries induce substantial tensile stresses in constrained films. A model of this phenomenon shows that converting excess surface energy to elastic strain energy can produce stresses that are comparable to the measured values. Further, if these "cohesive" stresses exceed Sigma(S), grain-boundary diffusion should initially move material from the neck regions into the grain boundaries, not out of the grain boundaries as described by traditional sintering models. C1 [Sheldon, Brian W.; Mandowara, Sunil] Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Nicholas, Jason D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sheldon, BW (reprint author), Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM Brian_Sheldon@brown.edu RI Nicholas, Jason/C-1501-2012 OI Nicholas, Jason/0000-0001-7986-209X FU NSF [DMR-0805172, DMR-0520651]; NSF-NSEC; NSF-MRSEC; Keck Foundation; State of Illinois; Northwestern University FX This work was supported by NSF, under awards DMR-0805172 and DMR-0520651 (MRSEC). Microscopy work was performed in the EPIC facility of Northwestern University's NUANCE Center (supported by NSF-NSEC, NSF-MRSEC, the Keck Foundation, the State of Illinois, and Northwestern University). NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 94 IS 1 BP 110 EP 117 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.04035.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 703IR UT WOS:000285972100016 ER PT J AU Balasubramaniam, R Gokoglu, S Sacksteder, K Wegeng, R Suzuki, N AF Balasubramaniam, R. Gokoglu, S. Sacksteder, K. Wegeng, R. Suzuki, N. TI Analysis of Solar-Heated Thermal Wadis to Support Extended-Duration Lunar Exploration SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 47th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 05-08, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut (AIAA) AB The realization of the renewed exploration of the moon presents many technical challenges; among them is the survival of lunar-surface assets during periods of darkness when the lunar environment is very cold. Thermal wadis are engineered sources of stored solar energy using modified lunar regolith as a thermal storage mass that can supply energy to protect lightweight robotic rovers or other assets during the lunar night. This paper describes an analysis of the performance of thermal wadis based on the known solar illumination of the moon and estimates of producible thermal properties of modified lunar regolith. Analysis has been performed for the lunar equatorial region and for a potential outpost location near the lunar south pole. The calculations indicate that thermal wadis can provide the desired thermal energy and temperature control for the survival of rovers or other equipment during periods of darkness. C1 [Balasubramaniam, R.; Gokoglu, S.; Sacksteder, K.] NASA John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Balasubramaniam, R.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Wegeng, R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Suzuki, N.] NASA Headquarters, Explorat Syst Mission Directorate, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Balasubramaniam, R (reprint author), NASA John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 25 IS 1 BP 130 EP 139 DI 10.2514/1.49843 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 725IV UT WOS:000287639300014 ER PT J AU Morris, K Handler, RA Rouson, DWI AF Morris, Karla Handler, Robert A. Rouson, Damian W. I. TI Intermittency in the turbulent Ekman layer SO JOURNAL OF TURBULENCE LA English DT Article DE Ekman boundary layer; turbulence; intermittency; dissipation; pseudo-dissipation; flatness; Tatarskii-Bragg scattering; radar ID LARGE-EDDY-SIMULATION; PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; CHANNEL FLOW; REYNOLDS-NUMBER; RADAR; MODEL; STATISTICS; SCATTERING; VELOCITY AB The structure of the turbulent Ekman layer is explored by examining the three-dimensional velocity fields generated by means of direct numerical simulation (DNS). Emphasis is placed on determining the relation between the instantaneous structure of the velocity field and the turbulent dissipation. The results of our simulation show the following: (1) The pseudo-dissipation exhibits lognormal behavior, with a magnitude range spanning many orders of magnitude, (2) in horizontal planes within the Ekman layer, spatially localized regions of high and low pseudo-dissipation are found, with a magnitude ratio of about 104 between low and high regions, (3) the Ekman layer is found to be composed of a series of quasi-periodic plume-like structures, and (4) the pseudo-dissipation is found to be large at the outer edge of a typical plume, with much lower levels in the plume interior. Conjectures are put forth regarding the relevance of this work to known observations of clear air radar scattering, and suggestions are made for possible future efforts. C1 [Rouson, Damian W. I.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Morris, Karla] CUNY City Coll, Benjamin Levich Inst Physicochem Hydrodynam, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Handler, Robert A.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rouson, DWI (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rouson@sandia.gov FU Office of Naval Research via the Research Foundation of the City University of New York [N00014-08-1-0086]; Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (Contract N00014-08-1-0086) via the Research Foundation of the City University of New York. Additional funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the basic research program at the Naval Research Laboratory, and through the Counter Directed Energy Weapons Program at ONR. The authors would also like to thank the DOD-HPC program for the computer time and technical support. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1468-5248 J9 J TURBUL JI J. Turbul. PY 2011 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1 EP 25 AR PII 934030632 DI 10.1080/14685248.2010.541258 PG 25 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 726SL UT WOS:000287746300001 ER PT J AU Barabash, RI Tiley, J Wang, YD Liaw, PK Lilleodden, E AF Barabash, R. I. Tiley, Jaimie Wang, Y. D. Liaw, P. K. Lilleodden, Erica TI Foreword: Neutron and X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Advanced Materials SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Barabash, R. I.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tiley, Jaimie] AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Wang, Y. D.] Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Liaw, P. K.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Lilleodden, Erica] GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Inst Mat Res, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. RP Barabash, RI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM barabashr@oml.gov RI wang, yandong/G-9404-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 42A IS 1 BP 4 EP 5 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 714WS UT WOS:000286840300002 ER PT J AU Hong, HW Gray, A Chiang, TC AF Hong, Hawoong Gray, Aaron Chiang, T. -C. TI Real-Time Reciprocal Space Mapping of Nano-Islands Induced by Quantum Confinement SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION AB The effects of quantum confinement have been observed pronouncedly in the island morphology of Pb thin films. The evolution of these nano-islands on Si (111)-(7 x 7) and sapphire (001) surfaces has been studied with a new X-ray diffraction method. A charge-coupled device (CCD) camera was used to collect two-and three-dimensional (2-D and 3-D, respectively) maps of the surface X-ray diffraction in real time. Large ranges of the reflectivity curves, with rocking curves at every point on the reflectivity curves, could be measured continuously in a relatively short amount of time. The abundance of information from 2-D k-space maps reveals clear changes in the growth modes of these thin Pb films. With the 3-D extension of this method, it was possible to observe the ordering of the islands. The islands maintain a nearly uniform interisland distance but lack any angular correlation. The interisland ordering is correlated well with the development of "magic'' island heights caused by quantum confinement. C1 [Hong, Hawoong] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gray, Aaron] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 60801 USA. [Chiang, T. -C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Frederick Seitz Mat Lab, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Hong, HW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM hhong@aps.anl.gov RI Chiang, Tai/H-5528-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-07ER46383] FX The work at the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. T.-C. Chiang acknowledges the support of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46383. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 42A IS 1 BP 32 EP 36 DI 10.1007/s11661-010-0329-9 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 714WS UT WOS:000286840300006 ER PT J AU Mulay, RP Clausen, B Agnew, SR AF Mulay, R. P. Clausen, B. Agnew, S. R. TI In-Situ Neutron Diffraction Study of the Bauschinger Effect in B2 Structured CoZr SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS; TEXTURE ANALYSIS; ORDERED ALLOYS; B2-TYPE COZR; POLYCRYSTALS; CRYSTALS; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; MECHANISMS AB A combination of in-situ neutron diffraction and elastoplastic self-consistent (EPSC) modeling have been used to elucidate the role played by intergranular stresses in the Bauschinger effect in B2 structured CoZr at room temperature and 423 K (150 degrees C). It is shown that, when insufficient slip modes are present to accommodate arbitrary strains, the large intergranular stresses built up due to inhomogeneous plastic deformation are responsible for the observed Bauschinger effect. Upon the onset of secondary deformation mechanism(s), the stresses are more uniformly distributed among the grains and the influence of intergranular stresses on the Bauschinger effect diminishes. On the other hand, it is speculated that the contribution of intragranular (dislocation- based) stresses is responsible for the persistent Bauschinger effect past the transition point. Similar results are obtained at both room temperature and 423 K (150 degrees C), and while the yield strength decreases with temperature, the high-temperature stress-strain curve progressively becomes harder than the room temperature one. In light of this, the previously characterized yield strength anomaly in CoZr has been re-examined. C1 [Mulay, R. P.; Agnew, S. R.] Univ Virginia, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Clausen, B.] LANSCE LC, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mulay, RP (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM agnew@virginia.edu RI Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015 OI Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0547981]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DOE); DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through CAREER Grant No. DMR-0547981. This work has benefited from the use of the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center at LANSCE, which is funded by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DOE). The Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. The authors thank Mr. James Wollmershauser for helpful discussions and Mr. Cecil A. Carmichael, Jr. and Dr. Evan Ohriner (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) for performing the arc casting and hot extrusion of the CoZr alloy, respectively. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 42A IS 1 BP 60 EP 70 DI 10.1007/s11661-010-0389-x PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 714WS UT WOS:000286840300010 ER PT J AU Li, N Wang, YD Peng, RL Sun, X Ren, Y Wang, L Cai, HN AF Li, N. Wang, Y. D. Peng, R. Lin Sun, X. Ren, Y. Wang, L. Cai, H. N. TI Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction Study of Texture Evolution in 904L Stainless Steel under Dynamic Shock Compression SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DEFORMATION TEXTURE; ROLLING TEXTURES; FCC METALS; ALLOY; RECRYSTALLIZATION; TRANSITION AB The influence of strain rate on development of deformation texture under a dynamic shock compression of a 904L stainless steel was quantitatively investigated using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and crystallographic orientation distribution function (ODF) analysis. The Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) technique was used to generate a high strain rate of > 10(3) s(-1) for preparing the deformed samples. Starting with an almost random texture in a solution treatment condition, the deformed material developed several typical texture components, such as Goss texture and Brass texture. Compared to the texture components displayed in the state of quasi-static compression deformation, it was found that the high-speed deformation generated much weaker texture components. In combination with the change in microstructures observed by electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) and the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique, the high-energy X-ray diffraction provides a powerful tool for characterizing the strain-rate dependence of grain rotation at each stage of deformation. The deformation heterogeneity evident in our experiment can be explained by a transition of deformation mechanism from the dislocation/twin-dominated mode to a shear-band-dominated one with increasing strain rate. C1 [Li, N.; Wang, Y. D.; Wang, L.; Cai, H. N.] Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Peng, R. Lin] Linkoping Univ, Dept Mech Engn, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. [Sun, X.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ren, Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, N (reprint author), Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM ydwang@bit.edu.cn RI ran, shi/G-9380-2013; wang, yandong/G-9404-2013 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [50725102]; National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2009AA03Z535]; Battelle Memorial Institute for the United States Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; Department of Energy Office; United States Department of Energy, Office of Science Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50725102) and the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2009AA03Z535). The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by the Battelle Memorial Institute for the United States Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830. This work was funded by the Department of Energy Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies under the Automotive Lightweighting Materials Program managed by Dr. Joseph Carpenter. The use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the United States Department of Energy, Office of Science Laboratory, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 42A IS 1 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1007/s11661-010-0368-2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 714WS UT WOS:000286840300013 ER PT J AU Zhu, JX Diaz, LMF Holcomb, GR Jablonski, PD Cowen, CJ Alman, DE Laughlin, DE Sridhar, S AF Zhu, Jingxi Fernandez Diaz, Laura M. Holcomb, Gordon R. Jablonski, Paul D. Cowen, Christopher J. Alman, David E. Laughlin, David E. Sridhar, Seetharaman TI An Electron Microscopy Investigation of the Transient Stage Oxidation Products in an Fe-22Cr Alloy with Ce and La Additions Exposed to Dry Air at 1073 K (800 degrees C) SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; REACTIVE ELEMENTS; STAINLESS-STEEL; SCALE GROWTH; DIFFUSION; YTTRIUM; RESISTANCE; CERIUM; NIO AB In this study, the effects of Ce (270 ppm) and La (120 ppm) mischmetal additions on the transient oxidation of an Fe-22Cr alloy were investigated. The oxidation process was imaged in situ using a confocal scanning laser microscope. The oxidation microstructures were studied by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and transmission electron microscopy with the help of focused ion beam in situ lift-out specimen preparation. The Ce and La, referred to as reactive elements, were found in nonmetallic inclusion particles in the forms of oxides, sulfides, and phosphates. An affected zone formed around rare earth (RE)-containing inclusion particles at the alloy free surface during the transient oxidation. This zone consisted of an internal Cr-oxide formed beneath the particle as well as a thinner external oxide scale on the surface compared with the surroundings. The relation of this microstructure to oxidation kinetics is discussed. With time, the RE elements diffused into the scale from the RE particles on the alloy surface during the high-temperature exposure. A diffusion mechanism is presented to describe these observations. C1 [Zhu, Jingxi; Fernandez Diaz, Laura M.; Laughlin, David E.; Sridhar, Seetharaman] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Zhu, Jingxi; Fernandez Diaz, Laura M.; Sridhar, Seetharaman] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Holcomb, Gordon R.; Jablonski, Paul D.; Cowen, Christopher J.; Alman, David E.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Mat Performance Div, Off Res & Dev, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Zhu, JX (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM jingxiz@andrew.cmu.edu RI Holcomb, Gordon/G-9070-2013; OI Holcomb, Gordon/0000-0003-3542-5319; Zhu, Jingxi/0000-0002-0019-0647 FU RES [DE-FE0004000] FX This technical effort was performed in support of the NETL's ongoing research in the study of the effects of rear earth elements on the high-temperature oxidation of stainless steels under the RES contract DE-FE0004000. The authors would like to acknowledge the excellent technical support on electron microscopy of Tom Nuhfer. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 42A IS 1 BP 121 EP 137 DI 10.1007/s11661-010-0493-y PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 714WS UT WOS:000286840300018 ER PT J AU Oh, CH Kang, HS Kim, ES AF Oh, Chang H. Kang, Hyung S. Kim, Eung S. TI Air-ingress analysis: Part 2-Computational fluid dynamic models SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article AB Idaho National Laboratory (INL), under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), is performing research and development that focuses on key phenomena important during potential scenarios that may occur in very high-temperature reactors (VHTRs). Phenomena identification and ranking studies to date have ranked an air-ingress event, following on the heels of a VHTR depressurization, as important with regard to core safety. Consequently, the development of advanced air-ingress-related models and verification and validation data are a very high priority. Following a loss of coolant and system depressurization incident, air will enter the core of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor through the break, possibly causing oxidation of the core and reflector graphite structure. Simple core and plant models indicate that, under certain circumstances, the oxidation may proceed at an elevated rate with additional heat generated from the oxidation reaction itself. Under postulated conditions of fluid flow and temperature, excessive degradation of lower plenum graphite because of oxidation might lead to a reactor safety issue. Computational fluid dynamics models developed in this study will improve our understanding of this phenomenon and is used to mitigate air ingress. This paper presents three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamic (CFD) results for the quantitative assessment of the air-ingress phenomena. The 3D CFD simulation results show that the air-ingress accident is not controlled by molecular diffusion but density gradient driven stratified flow when the double-ended-guillotine break is assumed in a horizontal pipe configuration. It concludes that the previous air-ingress scenarios based on the molecular diffusion might not be correct and should be extensively modified to include real phenomena. This paper also presents a preliminary two-dimensional (2D) CFD simulation for validating an air-ingress mitigation concept using helium injection at the lower plenum. This simulation shows that the helium replaces air by buoyancy force and effectively mitigates air-ingress into the core. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Oh, Chang H.; Kang, Hyung S.; Kim, Eung S.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Oh, CH (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Chang.Oh@inl.gov FU agency of the U.S. Government; Department of Energy under DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-99ID13727] FX U.S. Department of Energy Disclaimer. This information was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the U.S. Government. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. References herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U.S. Government or any agency thereof.; This work was supported through the Department of Energy's NGNP Project under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-99ID13727. NR 11 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 241 IS 1 BP 213 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2010.05.065 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 717ME UT WOS:000287049900025 ER PT J AU Chang, B Greenbaum, A Machorro, E AF Chang, Britton Greenbaum, Anne Machorro, Eric TI Global error bounds for the Petrov-Galerkin discretization of the neutron transport equation SO NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE linear hyperbolic equation; neutron transport AB In this paper, we prove that the piecewise bilinear Petrov-Galerkin discretization for the mono-directional neutron transport equation described in (J. Comput. Phys. 1986; 64:96-111) is convergent and second-order accurate, provided that the true solution to the problem has continuous partial derivatives of all orders up through three. We do this by giving a bound on the 2-norm of the inverse of the system matrix that is independent of the mesh size. This shows that the global error is of the same order as the local truncation error. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Greenbaum, Anne] Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Chang, Britton] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Machorro, Eric] Natl Nucl Secur Adm, Dept Energy, Nevada Site Off, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Greenbaum, A (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Box 352420, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM greenbau@math.washington.edu FU DOE [DE-FG02-03ER25576]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX Contract/grant sponsor: DOE; contract/grant number: DE-FG02-03ER25576; Contract/grant sponsor: U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; contract/grant number: W-7405-Eng-48 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1070-5325 J9 NUMER LINEAR ALGEBR JI Numer. Linear Algebr. Appl. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 18 IS 1 BP 141 EP 154 DI 10.1002/nla.718 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 710FE UT WOS:000286495500008 ER PT J AU Cohen, ML AF Cohen, Marvin L. TI Electron-phonon induced pairing and its limits for superconducting systems SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Nanoscience and Quantum Physics CY FEB 23-25, 2009 CL Tokyo, JAPAN SP Tokyo Inst Technol ID STRONG-COUPLED SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; CARBON NANOTUBES; PRESSURES; MGB2 AB The role of electron-phonon induced pairing is discussed with emphasis on its successes and failures when used within conventional theoretical frameworks/approaches to explain the existence of superconductivity. A historical background will be given followed by examples of applications for specific material systems using recent theoretical methods. A broad range of superconductors will be considered including the systems based on Fe. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cohen, Marvin L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cohen, Marvin L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cohen, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mlcohen@berkeley.edu NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD JAN PY 2011 VL 43 IS 3 BP 657 EP 660 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2010.07.023 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 720HJ UT WOS:000287271200004 ER PT J AU Reimer, PE AF Reimer, Paul E. CA Fermilab E-906 SeaQuest Collaborat TI Measuring the flavor asymmetry in the sea quarks of the proton with the Drell-Yan process SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Nanoscience and Quantum Physics CY FEB 23-25, 2009 CL Tokyo, JAPAN SP Tokyo Inst Technol ID INELASTIC LEPTON SCATTERING; NUCLEAR-STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; HIGH-ENERGY COLLISIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; DIMUON PRODUCTION; GOTTFRIED SUM; MESON CLOUD; BREAKING; PIONS AB The proton is a composite object made of fundamental, strongly interacting quarks. Many of the features of the proton can be described by a simple picture based on three "valence" quarks bound by the exchange of gluons. However, protons are much more complex objects with the vast majority of their mass dynamically generated by quantum chromodynamics (QCD). This mass manifests itself through a "sea" of gluons and quark-antiquark pairs. By measuring Drell-Yan scattering, the Fermilab E-906/Drell-Yan experiment will study the sea quark distribution in the proton and, in particular, the unusually large asymmetry between anti-up and anti-down quarks measured by earlier Drell-Yan experiments. This asymmetry cannot simply be generated through pair creation, but rather indicates an underlying, fundamental antiquark component in the proton. Using the same technique, the E-906/SeaQuest experiment will also investigate the differences between the antiquark distributions of the free proton and a proton bound in a nucleus. Nuclear binding is expected to modify the quark distributions and it has long been known that the overall quark distributions are different (the EMC effect). Surprisingly, present data suggest, however, that the antiquark distributions are not modified. To accomplish these goals, the experiment will use a 120 GeV proton beam extracted from the Fermilab Main Injector. While the experiment will be taking advantage of equipment from earlier Drell-Yan experiments, the changes in kinematics of the experiment require several, significant upgrades to the spectrometer. Japanese institutions, including Tokyo Institute of Technology, KEK, RIKEN, Kyoto University and Yamagata University, are making substantial contributions to this upgrade. The collaboration expects to begin data collection in Summer, 2010. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Reimer, Paul E.; Fermilab E-906 SeaQuest Collaborat] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Reimer, PE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM reimer@anl.gov RI Reimer, Paul/E-2223-2013 NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD JAN PY 2011 VL 43 IS 3 BP 815 EP 819 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2010.07.059 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 720HJ UT WOS:000287271200040 ER PT J AU Crease, RP AF Crease, Robert P. TI Critical Point Pyramid metrologists SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Crease, Robert P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Crease, Robert P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Crease, RP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM rcrease@notes.cc.sunysb.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD JAN PY 2011 VL 24 IS 1 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 720IP UT WOS:000287274600020 ER PT J AU Hsu, AG Narayanaswamy, V Clemens, NT Frank, JH AF Hsu, A. G. Narayanaswamy, V. Clemens, N. T. Frank, J. H. TI Mixture fraction imaging in turbulent non-premixed flames with two-photon LIF of krypton SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Turbulent flames; Mixture fraction imaging; Two-photon LIF imaging ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; QUENCHING RATE CONSTANTS; JET DIFFUSION FLAME; RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; DISSIPATIVE STRUCTURES; PICOSECOND EXCITATION; ATOMIC OXYGEN; ARGON; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE AB The use of a noble gas as an inert tracer for mixing studies in combustion systems is investigated. Simultaneous two-photon laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of krypton and Rayleigh scattering are used for imaging measurements of mixture fraction and temperature in turbulent non-premixed jet flames. The turbulent flames investigated in this study include a piloted CH4/air flame (Sandia flame D) and a CH4/H-2/N-2 flame (DLR-B flame). These flames are well-documented in the literature and enable an evaluation of krypton as a tracer in different fuel mixtures with varying degrees of differential diffusion. Krypton is excited from the ground state to the 5p[3/2](2) state using 215 nm laser radiation, and the fluorescence decay to the metastable state, 5s[3/2](2), is detected at 760 nm. Single-shot krypton LIF and Rayleigh scattering images are analyzed in an iterative routine to determine mixture fraction and temperature. Measurements of the temperature- and species-dependent quenching rates for Kr-LIF are incorporated into this routine. The resulting average radial profiles of mixture fraction and temperature for both flames agree well with previously published measurements. The use of a noble gas as a chemically inert tracer has potential applications for mixing studies in a broad range of combustion environments. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hsu, A. G.; Frank, J. H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Narayanaswamy, V.; Clemens, N. T.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Frank, JH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jhfrank@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94-AL85000] FX The authors thank B. D. Patterson, T. B. Settersten, and R. L. Farrow from Sandia National Laboratories for helpful contributions to the quenching rate measurements. This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 759 EP 766 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.051 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 700XZ UT WOS:000285780200079 ER PT J AU Fuest, F Barlow, RS Geyer, D Seffrin, F Dreizler, A AF Fuest, F. Barlow, R. S. Geyer, D. Seffrin, F. Dreizler, A. TI A hybrid method for data evaluation in 1-D Raman spectroscopy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Raman spectroscopy; Combustion diagnostics; Spectral fitting ID NONPREMIXED JET FLAMES; TURBULENT COMBUSTION; LASER DIAGNOSTICS; DIFFUSION FLAME; SCATTERING; RAYLEIGH; LIF AB In turbulent combustion research, 1-D Raman/Rayleigh spectroscopy is applied to understand turbulence-chemistry interaction by simultaneously measuring the major species concentrations and temperature. Two different methods have been used in the past to evaluate the data: spectral fitting, based on libraries of theoretical spectra; or matrix inversion of signals that are not spectrally resolved, based on extensive calibration of temperature-dependent system response. A hybrid method for Raman/Rayleigh data analysis is presented that combines the strengths of both previous methods. This hybrid approach is demonstrated using measurements in methane/air flat flames and a laminar hydrogen jet diffusion flame. Precision and accuracy of results from the various methods are compared, and benefits of the hybrid method are discussed. The hybrid approach described here may be adapted to any Raman/Rayleigh detection setup that is optically well characterized. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Fuest, F.; Seffrin, F.; Dreizler, A.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, FG React Flows & Diagnost, Ctr Smart Interfaces, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. [Barlow, R. S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Geyer, D.] Univ Appl Sci, Hsch Darmstadt, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Fuest, F (reprint author), Tech Univ Darmstadt, FG React Flows & Diagnost, Ctr Smart Interfaces, Petersenstr 32, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. EM fuest@ekt.tu-darmstadt.de RI Barlow, Robert/C-2364-2013 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB 568 B1, EXC 259]; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences; US Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94-AL85000] FX The authors kindly acknowledge financial support through Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 568 B1, EXC 259) and the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 815 EP 822 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.064 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 700XZ UT WOS:000285780200086 ER PT J AU Frank, JH Kaiser, SA Oefelein, JC AF Frank, Jonathan H. Kaiser, Sebastian A. Oefelein, Joseph C. TI Analysis of scalar mixing dynamics in LES using high-resolution imaging of laser Rayleigh scattering in turbulent non-reacting jets and non-premixed jet flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Turbulent jet flames; Turbulent mixing fields; Rayleigh scattering; Large eddy simulation ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; DISSIPATIVE STRUCTURES; COMBUSTION; SYSTEMS AB Imaging of turbulent jet flames has provided insights into the dynamic structure of the thermal dissipation field. These insights motivated studies of scalar mixing in non-reacting jets, with emphasis on comparing measurements to large eddy simulations (LES). We use a progressively refined set of calculations to investigate how filter size affects the LES representations of scalar mixing. Results are analyzed using three grids that are successively refined by a factor of two in space and time. The coarsest grid contains 1.3-million cells and provides resolution similar to that used in current LES. The refined grids contain 10- and 82-million cells. Imaging measurements of the instantaneous mixture fraction and dissipation fields provide insights into scalar mixing dynamics and key length scales. They show that dissipation structures reside on the resolved-and subgrid-scales of the LES, and they provide order of magnitude estimates of the relationship between the dissipation layer thickness (the smallest relevant mixing scale), the integral scale (the largest relevant mixing scale), and the filter width. For all grid distributions, the longitudinal dimension of the dissipation layers spans multiple cells, but the ratio of the layer thickness to filter width is of order 1, which is not consistent with typical modeling assumptions. Measurements of mixture fraction were filtered to isolate the effects of spatial averaging on the dissipation field from the combined effects of spatial and temporal averaging. Statistical analysis reveals that the average mixture fraction and dissipation fields for the coarsest grid deviate significantly from the measured profiles as the flow evolves. On the finest grid, however, good agreement is obtained. Trends suggest that temporal damping and dispersion errors compound as the flow evolves downstream, which is directly related to the relationship between the dissipation layer thickness, filter width, and integral scale of the local mixing field. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Frank, Jonathan H.; Kaiser, Sebastian A.; Oefelein, Joseph C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Frank, JH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, POB 969,MS 9051, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jhfrank@sandia.gov FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences; US Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94-AL85000] FX This research was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 1373 EP 1381 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.09.003 PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 700XZ UT WOS:000285780200151 ER PT J AU Sweeney, MS Hochgreb, S Dunn, MJ Barlow, RS AF Sweeney, M. S. Hochgreb, S. Dunn, M. J. Barlow, R. S. TI A comparative analysis of flame surface density metrics in premixed and stratified flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Flame surface density; Method comparison; Multiscalar laser diagnostics; Lean stratified combustion ID TURBULENT; COMBUSTION AB Flame surface density (FSD) is an important quantity in premixed turbulent combustion models, many of which use it in order to predict flame behaviour and characteristics. This quantity may be determined using a statistical method based on measurements of temperature and its gradient, or a geometric method based on 2D temperature or LIF imaging. Measurements of FSD obtained using both methods have been reported in the literature, but no direct comparisons have been made between these methods in premixed or stratified flames. This paper compares these methods in both premixed and stratified datasets (up to a stratification ratio of 3) from a slot burner and a swirl burner. Temperature, local equivalence ratio and three dimensional flame normal orientations were obtained from simultaneous cross plane OH-LIF and Rayleigh-Raman line measurements. Three dimensional progress variable gradients, which are used in the statistical FSD calculations, are derived by angle-correcting gradients along the measurement line. Differences between the statistical and geometrical methods of evaluating FSD are shown to be negligible for values of progress variable between 0.2 and 0.9, and differences at extreme values are detailed and explained. This good agreement between methods is demonstrated to hold over a broad range of flame operating condition. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sweeney, M. S.; Hochgreb, S.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Dunn, M. J.; Barlow, R. S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sweeney, MS (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. EM marksweeney@cantab.net RI Barlow, Robert/C-2364-2013 FU EPSRC; Rolls Royce; United States Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94-AL85000] FX The authors would like to thank the EPSRC and Rolls Royce for their financial contributions to this work. Work at Sandia was supported by the United States Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. The authors also thank Guanghua Wang and Bob Harmon for their contributions to the experiments. NR 16 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 1419 EP 1427 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.05.069 PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 700XZ UT WOS:000285780200156 ER PT J AU Hawkes, ER Sankaran, R Chen, JH AF Hawkes, Evatt R. Sankaran, Ramanan Chen, Jacqueline H. TI Estimates of the three-dimensional flame surface density and every term in its transport equation from two-dimensional measurements SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Premixed combustion; Flame surface density; Coherent flame model; Direct numerical simulation; Strain ID PREMIXED TURBULENT COMBUSTION; DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; JET FLAMES; BURNING VELOCITIES; INTENSE TURBULENCE; FRONT STRUCTURE; CURVATURE; STRETCH; COUNTERFLOW AB The flame surface density approach is one of the most established techniques for the modelling of turbulent premixed combustion. There has been considerable interest in the experimental measurement of the flame surface density and quantities involved in its transport equation, namely: strain, curvature, and displacement speed. Because of the difficulty involved in performing three-dimensional measurements, the vast majority of this work has been performed in two spatial dimensions. Therefore an assumption is required to relate the two-dimensional measurement to the three-dimensional reality. In the present article, new relationships are derived to relate the statistical mean values of measured two-dimensional quantities to those of the true three-dimensional quantity in the case of isotropic scalar fields and turbulence. The relationships are derived for the flame surface density as well as for every term in its transport equation. To assess the performance of the relationships, direct numerical simulations of turbulent, premixed, methane-air slot-jet flames are employed. In all cases considered, the agreement is very good away from a small region near the simulated burner exit. The agreement improves with downstream distance and with Reynolds number. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hawkes, Evatt R.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Photovolta & Renewable Energy Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Hawkes, Evatt R.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Mech & Mfg Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Sankaran, Ramanan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chen, Jacqueline H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hawkes, ER (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Photovolta & Renewable Energy Engn, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia. EM evatt.hawkes@unsw.edu.au RI Sankaran, Ramanan/D-9254-2015; Hawkes, Evatt/C-5307-2012 OI Sankaran, Ramanan/0000-0002-5352-9915; Hawkes, Evatt/0000-0003-0539-7951 NR 45 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 1447 EP 1454 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.019 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 700XZ UT WOS:000285780200159 ER PT J AU Cai, JA Barlow, RS Karpetis, AN Tong, CN AF Cai, Jian Barlow, Robert S. Karpetis, Adonios N. Tong, Chenning TI Conditionally filtered diffusion of mixture fraction and temperature in turbulent partially premixed flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Turbulent flames; Large-eddy simulation; Filtered density function; Turbulent mixing ID JOINT DENSITY-FUNCTION; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; SCALAR-DISSIPATION; LENGTH SCALES; JET FLAMES; VELOCITY AB Recent studies have shown that the subgrid-scale (SGS) mixture fraction has different structures and probability distributions for different SGS scalar variances. We study the effects of these structures on the scalar diffusion and temperature diffusion in the context of large-eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent combustion. Line images obtained in turbulent partially premixed (Sandia) flames are used to analyze the scalar and temperature diffusion filtered conditionally on the scalar and temperature, which must be correctly modeled in LES. The results show that for small SGS variance the scalar and temperature diffusion have a relatively simple structure. For large SGS variance the diffusion is much more complex, with the flamelet structure and local extinction playing important roles. The results show that it is important that mixing models for filtered density function methods be able to account for the different SGS mixture fraction and temperature structures for small and large SGS variance. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Cai, Jian; Tong, Chenning] Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Barlow, Robert S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Karpetis, Adonios N.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Tong, CN (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM ctong@ces.clemson.edu RI Barlow, Robert/C-2364-2013; Cai, Jian/O-2100-2014 OI Cai, Jian/0000-0002-8178-6302 FU AFOSR [F-9550-09-1-0045]; National Science Foundation [CBET-0651174]; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, the U.S. Department of Energy FX The work at Clemson University was supported by AFOSR under Grant No. F-9550-09-1-0045 and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CBET-0651174. The work at Sandia was supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 1505 EP 1513 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.054 PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 700XZ UT WOS:000285780200166 ER PT J AU Bohm, B Frank, JH Dreizler, A AF Boehm, B. Frank, J. H. Dreizler, A. TI Temperature and mixing field measurements in stratified lean premixed turbulent flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Stratified premixed flames; Rayleigh thermometry; Mixing fields ID JET FLAMES; SCATTERING; SIMULATION; BURNER; LES AB Turbulent combustion under lean stratified conditions appears in many practical applications. However, relatively few experimental or theoretical studies have investigated stratified flames in detail. We present qualitative mixing and quantitative temperature field measurements of jet-like flames in a canonical burner geometry with the focus on comparisons of stratified and premixed flames. Planar laser-induced fluorescence of OH and acetone are used to mark the flame front and the mixing field, respectively. Laser Rayleigh scattering is used to probe the detailed structure of the temperature field. The burner consists of three staged concentric tubes, and flame stabilization is facilitated by a pilot flame burning inside the central tube. This arrangement minimizes the effects of the pilot flame on the shear and stratification layer in-between the two annular slots. Operating conditions are selected in accordance with previous flow field studies in this burner. Shear and stratification between the annular slots are varied independently from each other. Comparisons between stratified and premixed flames show that differences emerge primarily at large scales and are dominated by shear layers. The effect of stratification appears in instantaneous temperature profiles but is washed out in radial profiles of mean and rms temperatures. In combination with earlier flow field measurements, these data serve as well for validation of numerical simulations. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Boehm, B.; Dreizler, A.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Ctr Smart Interfaces, FG React Flows & Diagnost, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. [Frank, J. H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bohm, B (reprint author), Tech Univ Darmstadt, Ctr Smart Interfaces, FG React Flows & Diagnost, Petersenstr 32, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. EM bboehm@ekt.tu-darmstadt.de RI Bohm, Benjamin/I-1666-2012 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB 568 B1, EXC 259]; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences; US Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94-AL85000] FX The authors kindly acknowledge financial support through Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 568 B1, EXC 259) and the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 1583 EP 1590 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.139 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 700XZ UT WOS:000285780200175 ER PT J AU Day, MS Bell, JB Gao, XF Glarborg, P AF Day, Marc S. Bell, John B. Gao, Xinfeng Glarborg, Peter TI Numerical simulation of nitrogen oxide formation in lean premixed turbulent H-2/O-2/N-2 flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Turbulent premixed combustion; Emissions; Hydrogen ID METHANE-AIR FLAMES; LOW-SWIRL INJECTOR; COMBUSTION; HYDROGEN; CHEMISTRY; MIXTURES AB Lean premixed hydrogen flames are thermodiffusively unstable and burn in cellular structures. Within these cellular structures the flame is locally enriched by preferential diffusion of hydrogen, leading to local hotspots that burn more intensely than an idealized flat steady flame at comparable inlet conditions. We investigate the impact of this local enrichment on the formation of nitrogen oxides. We consider a two dimensional configuration in which lean premixed hydrogen-air flames interact with a weakly turbulent velocity field for a range of equivalence ratios. The simulations show that although peak temperatures remain well below 1800 K (where thermal NOx traditionally is thought to become significant), these localized hot spots lead to significant production of nitric oxides, and the relative enhancement becomes increasingly significant with lower fuel equivalence ratios. A detailed examination of the reaction chemistry in these unsteady flames shows that at richer conditions the predominant path taken to convert nitrogen gas to nitric oxide is via NNH. For leaner flames a path through nitrous oxide becomes increasingly important. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Day, Marc S.; Bell, John B.; Gao, Xinfeng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Glarborg, Peter] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RP Day, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mail Stop 50A-1148,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MSDay@lbl.gov FU DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DONG Energy A/S; Vattenfall A/S FX The work performed by MSD, JBB and XG was supported by the DOE Applied Mathematics Program under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. PG acknowledges support from DONG Energy A/S and Vattenfall A/S. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 1591 EP 1599 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.128 PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 700XZ UT WOS:000285780200176 ER PT J AU Day, MS Gao, XF Bell, JB AF Day, Marc S. Gao, Xinfeng Bell, John B. TI Properties of lean turbulent methane-air flames with significant hydrogen addition SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Turbulent premixed combustion; Hydrogen-methane mixtures ID LOW-SWIRL INJECTOR; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; PREMIXED FLAMES; LAMINAR AB We examine the combustion of mixed H-2-CH4-air fuels using two-dimensional simulations that incorporate detailed kinetics and a mixture-averaged model for differential species transport. The mixtures range from lean H-2-air at phi = 0.37 to lean CH4-air at phi = 0.7. For each mixture, we compute the quasi-steady propagation of a flame into flow with superimposed low-level turbulent fluctuations, so that the resulting flames are in the laminar flamelet regime. We examine the resulting global flame characteristics, and quantify how the chemistry depends on local flame curvature. We then examine in more detail how the methane chemistry is modulated by the presence of hydrogen. In particular, we find that the local methane burning speed shows a strong positive correlation with local flame curvature when sufficient hydrogen is added to the mixture. Moreover, for higher hydrogen concentrations, the mixtures exhibit cellular burning patterns that are traditionally associated with thermodiffusively unstable fuel mixtures. Various pathways for the oxidation of methane are identified and are shown to be amplified considerably in the presence of H-2 combustion, which varies considerably along the flame surface. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Day, Marc S.; Gao, Xinfeng; Bell, John B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Day, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mail Stop 50A-1148,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MSday@lbl.gov FU DOE; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the DOE Applied Mathematics Research Program. Computations were performed on Lawrencium at LBNL and on Hopper at NERSC. All work was performed under US Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 1601 EP 1608 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.05.099 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 700XZ UT WOS:000285780200177 ER PT J AU Coriton, B Frank, JH Hsu, AG Smooke, MD Gomez, A AF Coriton, Bruno Frank, Jonathan H. Hsu, Andrea G. Smooke, Mitchell D. Gomez, Alessandro TI Effect of quenching of the oxidation layer in highly turbulent counterflow premixed flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Turbulent flames; Premixed; Counterflow; PLIF; Opposed jets ID TEMPERATURE; EXTINCTION; COMBUSTION; LASER AB Three lean-to-stoichiometric premixed flames were studied in the opposed-jet configuration by counter-flowing fresh reactants and fully burnt products of combustion at 1850 K. The study was performed experimentally under turbulent conditions and computationally under laminar ones. The flame mixtures were selected to have the same unstrained laminar flame speed. The turbulent flames were studied experimentally using simultaneous planar imaging of CO and OH laser-induced fluorescence, which, in combination, yielded a quantity proportional to the forward reaction rate for CO + OH -> CO2 + H. Since the turbulence characteristics of the feed streams were identical for all flames, the turbulent burning regime was also the same, with a turbulent Reynolds number of 1050 and a Karlovitz number of approximately 5. The oxidation layer of the stoichiometric flame was extinguished, whereas the lean flames exhibited substantial evidence of CO conversion as indicated by the CO + OH reaction rate imaging. To aid the interpretation of the experiments, we numerically investigated the extinction of strained laminar premixed flames with compositions identical to those of the experiments. The calculations corroborated the experimental results, indicating that the stoichiometric flame was the least robust and extinguished at the lowest strain rate. Furthermore, extinction occurred when the flames were very close to the gas stagnation plane and the oxidation layer extended beyond it, towards the burnt product side. The quenching of the oxidation layer is suggested as a possible reason for either local or overall extinction of highly strained premixed flames. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Coriton, Bruno; Smooke, Mitchell D.; Gomez, Alessandro] Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Yale Ctr Combust Studies, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Frank, Jonathan H.; Hsu, Andrea G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Gomez, A (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Yale Ctr Combust Studies, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM Alessandro.Gomez@yale.edu FU American Chemical Society [46991-AC9]; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences; US Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94-AL85000] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the American Chemical Society through Grant PRF # 46991-AC9 and the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences. We are also thankful to Prof. Amable Linan for stimulating discussions on the structure of premixed flames and the critical role of the oxidation layer. The help of Matthew Lawson with the use of the experimental facilities at the Combustion Research Facility of Sandia National Laboratories is also acknowledged. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 1647 EP 1654 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.05.028 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 700XZ UT WOS:000285780200182 ER PT J AU Miller, EW Hendricks, TJ Wang, H Peterson, RB AF Miller, E. W. Hendricks, T. J. Wang, H. Peterson, R. B. TI Integrated dual-cycle energy recovery using thermoelectric conversion and an organic Rankine bottoming cycle SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART A-JOURNAL OF POWER AND ENERGY LA English DT Article DE waste heat recovery; thermoelectric generator; Rankine cycle AB Hot engine exhaust represents a resource that is often rejected to the environment without further utilization. This resource is most prevalent in the transportation sector, but stationary engine-generator systems also typically do not utilize this resource. Engine exhaust is considered high-grade heat and can potentially be utilized by various approaches to produce electricity or to drive heating and cooling systems. One idea for this application is to combine an organic Rankine cycle and thermoelectric conversion. This approach is being developed to more fully utilize the thermal energy contained in hot exhaust streams. The model developed here is composed of a high-temperature heat exchanger which extracts thermal energy for driving the thermoelectric conversion elements and a closely integrated bottoming cycle to capture the large amount of remaining thermal energy in the exhaust stream. Many interacting parameters that define combined system operation are employed in the model to determine the overall system performance including output power, efficiency, and total energy utilization factors. In addition, the model identifies a maximum power operating point for the combined system. The model can identify the optimal amount of heat to remove from the exhaust flow to drive the thermoelectric elements for maximizing the combined cycle output. The model has been developed such that heat exchanger UAH (heat transfer coefficient multiplied by heat transfer area) values, thermal resistances, and the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) can be investigated in the context of system operation. The model also has the ability to simultaneously determine the effect of each cycle design parameter on the performance of the overall system, thus giving the ability to utilize as much waste heat as possible. Results of exercising the model give system performance and inter-relationships between various design parameters as they affect overall performance. C1 [Miller, E. W.; Wang, H.; Peterson, R. B.] Oregon State Univ, Sch Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hendricks, T. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Peterson, RB (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Sch Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, 204 Rogers Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM richard.peterson@oregonstate.edu RI lee, yunzhu/G-1723-2011 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 14 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0957-6509 J9 P I MECH ENG A-J POW JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part A-J. Power Energy PY 2011 VL 225 IS A1 BP 33 EP 43 DI 10.1177/2041296710394238 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 726AS UT WOS:000287689500004 ER PT J AU Bochev, PB Peterson, K Siefert, CM AF Bochev, Pavel B. Peterson, Kara Siefert, Christopher M. TI ANALYSIS AND COMPUTATION OF COMPATIBLE LEAST-SQUARES METHODS FOR DIV-CURL EQUATIONS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE least-squares finite element methods; div-curl boundary value problem; face elements; edge elements; compatible discretizations ID DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION PRECONDITIONERS; LOGICALLY RECTANGULAR GRIDS; MIXED FINITE-ELEMENTS; ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS; SMOOTHED AGGREGATION; FOSLL-ASTERISK; DISCONTINUOUS COEFFICIENTS; NATURAL DISCRETIZATIONS; MIMETIC DISCRETIZATIONS; MAXWELLS EQUATIONS AB We develop and analyze least-squares finite element methods for two complementary div-curl elliptic boundary value problems. The first one prescribes the tangential component of the vector field on the boundary and is solved using curl-conforming elements. The second problem specifies the normal component of the vector field and is handled by div-conforming elements. We prove that both least-squares formulations are norm-equivalent with respect to suitable discrete norms, yield optimal asymptotic error estimates, and give rise to algebraic systems that can be solved by efficient algebraic multigrid methods. Numerical results that illustrate scalability of iterative solvers and optimal rates of convergence are also included. C1 [Bochev, Pavel B.; Peterson, Kara; Siefert, Christopher M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bochev, PB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1320, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pbboche@sandia.gov; kjpeter@sandia.gov; csiefer@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Received by the editors September 25, 2009; accepted for publication (in revised form) October 8, 2010; published electronically February 8, 2011. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U. S. Government purposes. Copyright is owned by SIAM to the extent not limited by these rights. NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1429 EI 1095-7170 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 159 EP 181 DI 10.1137/090772095 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 726CR UT WOS:000287696800008 ER PT J AU Flath, HP Wilcox, LC Akcelik, V Hill, J Waanders, BV Ghattas, O AF Flath, H. P. Wilcox, L. C. Akcelik, V. Hill, J. Waanders, B. van Bloemen Ghattas, O. TI FAST ALGORITHMS FOR BAYESIAN UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION IN LARGE-SCALE LINEAR INVERSE PROBLEMS BASED ON LOW-RANK PARTIAL HESSIAN APPROXIMATIONS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE large-scale statistical inverse problem; Bayesian inference; uncertainty quantification; fast algorithms; low-rank approximation; Lanczos; Hessian; convection-diffusion; contaminant transport ID WAVE-FORM INVERSION; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION MATRIX; COVARIANCE AB We consider the problem of estimating the uncertainty in large-scale linear statistical inverse problems with high-dimensional parameter spaces within the framework of Bayesian inference. When the noise and prior probability densities are Gaussian, the solution to the inverse problem is also Gaussian and is thus characterized by the mean and covariance matrix of the posterior probability density. Unfortunately, explicitly computing the posterior covariance matrix requires as many forward solutions as there are parameters and is thus prohibitive when the forward problem is expensive and the parameter dimension is large. However, for many ill-posed inverse problems, the Hessian matrix of the data misfit term has a spectrum that collapses rapidly to zero. We present a fast method for computation of an approximation to the posterior covariance that exploits the low-rank structure of the preconditioned (by the prior covariance) Hessian of the data misfit. Analysis of an infinite-dimensional model convection-diffusion problem, and numerical experiments on large-scale three-dimensional convection-diffusion inverse problems with up to 1.5 million parameters, demonstrate that the number of forward PDE solves required for an accurate low-rank approximation is independent of the problem dimension. This permits scalable estimation of the uncertainty in large-scale ill-posed linear inverse problems at a small multiple (independent of the problem dimension) of the cost of solving the forward problem. C1 [Flath, H. P.; Wilcox, L. C.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Akcelik, V.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Flath, H. P.] Univ Texas Austin, Computat Sci Engn & Math Grad Program, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Hill, J.; Waanders, B. van Bloemen] Sandia Natl Labs, Uncertainty & Optimizat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Ghattas, O.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ghattas, O.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Flath, HP (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM pflath@ices.utexas.edu; lucasw@ices.utexas.edu; volkan@SLAC.stanford.edu; hilljc@ornl.gov; bartv@sandia.gov; omar@ices.utexas.edu FU NSF [OPP-0941678, DMS-0724746, CNS-0619838, CNS-0540372, CCF-0427985]; DOE [DE-SC0002710, DE-FG02-08ER25860, DE-FC52-08NA28615, DE-FC02-06ER25782, DE-AC05-06OR23100]; AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0608, FA9550-07-1-0480]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); DHS FX This research was partially supported by NSF grants OPP-0941678, DMS-0724746, CNS-0619838, CNS-0540372, and CCF-0427985; DOE grants DE-SC0002710, DE-FG02-08ER25860, DE-FC52-08NA28615, and DE-FC02-06ER25782; and AFOSR grants FA9550-09-1-0608 and FA9550-07-1-0480. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration, under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.; This author's research was partially performed under an appointment to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Scholarship and Fellowship Program, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and DHS. ORISE is managed by Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) under DOE contract DE-AC05-06OR23100. All opinions expressed in this paper are the author's and do not necessarily reflect the policies and views of DHS, DOE, or ORAU/ORISE. NR 32 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 11 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2011 VL 33 IS 1 BP 407 EP 432 DI 10.1137/090780717 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 726DA UT WOS:000287697800018 ER PT J AU Ferer, M Anna, SL Tortora, P Kadambi, JR Oliver, M Bromhal, GS Smith, DH AF Ferer, M. Anna, Shelley L. Tortora, Paul Kadambi, J. R. Oliver, M. Bromhal, Grant S. Smith, Duane H. TI Two-Phase Flow in Porous Media: Predicting Its Dependence on Capillary Number and Viscosity Ratio SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article DE Pore-level modeling; Drainage; Micro-fluidics; Viscosity ratios ID DIFFUSION-LIMITED AGGREGATION; PORE-LEVEL MODELS; INVASION PERCOLATION; IMMISCIBLE DISPLACEMENT; VISCOUS FINGERS; FRACTAL NATURE; SIMULATIONS; CROSSOVER; DRAINAGE; GROWTH AB Motivated by the need to determine the dependencies of two-phase flow in a wide range of applications from carbon dioxide sequestration to enhanced oil recovery, we have developed a standard two-dimensional, pore-level model of immiscible drainage, incorporating viscous and capillary effects. This model has been validated through comparison with several experiments. For a range of stable viscosity ratios (M = mu(injected,nwf)/mu(defending,wf) >= 1), we had increased the capillary number, N(c) and studied the way in which the flows deviate from fractal capillary fingering at a characteristic time and become compact for realistic capillary numbers. This crossover has enabled predictions for the dependence of the flow behavior upon capillary number and viscosity ratio. Our results for the crossover agreed with earlier theoretical predictions, including the universality of the leading power-law indicating its independence of details of the porous medium structure. In this article, we have observed a similar crossover from initial fractal viscous fingering (FVF) to compact flow, for large capillary numbers and unstable viscosity ratios M < 1. In this case, we increased the viscosity ratio from infinitesimal values, and studied the way in which the flows deviate from FVF at a characteristic time and become compact for non-zero viscosity ratios. This crossover has been studied using both our pore-level model and micro-fluidic flow-cell experiments. The same characteristic time, tau = 1/M(0.7), satisfactorily describes both the pore-level results C1 [Ferer, M.; Anna, Shelley L.; Tortora, Paul; Bromhal, Grant S.; Smith, Duane H.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Ferer, M.; Smith, Duane H.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Anna, Shelley L.; Tortora, Paul] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Anna, Shelley L.; Tortora, Paul] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Kadambi, J. R.; Oliver, M.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Ferer, M (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM mferer@wvu.edu RI Anna, Shelley/D-4270-2009 OI Anna, Shelley/0000-0003-2750-4754 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy FX This study was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy. M. Ferer, S. Anna, and J.R. Kadambi acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0169-3913 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD JAN PY 2011 VL 86 IS 1 BP 273 EP 289 DI 10.1007/s11242-010-9619-3 PG 17 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 714HQ UT WOS:000286798900017 ER PT J AU Zhou, QL Birkholzer, JT Tsang, CF AF Zhou, Quanlin Birkholzer, Jens T. Tsang, Chin-Fu TI Reply to Comments by Veling on "A Semi-Analytical Solution for Large-Scale Injection-Induced Pressure Perturbation and Leakage in a Laterally Bounded Aquifer-Aquitard System" by Zhou, Birkholzer, and Tsang SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Zhou, Quanlin; Birkholzer, Jens T.; Tsang, Chin-Fu] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhou, QL (reprint author), 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, MS USA. EM qzhou@lbl.gov RI Zhou, Quanlin/B-2455-2009; Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011 OI Zhou, Quanlin/0000-0001-6780-7536; Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0169-3913 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD JAN PY 2011 VL 86 IS 1 BP 357 EP 358 DI 10.1007/s11242-010-9680-y PG 2 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 714HQ UT WOS:000286798900022 ER PT J AU Salje, EKH Schranz, W AF Salje, Ekhard Karl Hermann Schranz, Wilfried TI Low amplitude, low frequency elastic measurements using Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) spectroscopy SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Review DE Dynamic mechanical analysis; Domain wall motion; Domain freezing; Avalanches; Nanostructures ID FERROELASTIC PHASE-TRANSITION; DIFFUSION CENTRAL-PEAK; ORDER-PARAMETER SATURATION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL C-60; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; DOMAIN-WALLS; TRANSFORMATION TWINS; GLASS-TRANSITION; LANDAU THEORY; POLYCRYSTALLINE CA1-XSRXTIO3 AB The applications of DMA methods for the investigation of the dynamical mechanical properties of materials are reviewed. Experimental details of this method are described including the combination of DMA with Xray rocking curve measurements to investigate the details of the domain patterns. Emphasis is given to the effect of phase transitions, in particular in ferroelastic and co-elastic systems where the 'easy' movement of domain boundaries, twin walls and other interfaces lead to super-elastic softening of the material. Thermodynamic constraints, such as in the adiabatic-isothermal crossover are discussed. Smooth, ballistic propagation of domain walls are contrasted with the jerky behaviour of interfaces when phase transitions of first order are investigated. It is shown that for the ballistic behaviour, momentum driven wall movements are common and that their representation in Cole-Cole plots leads to depressed semi-circles, similar to methods used in dielectric spectroscopy. In jerky elastic responses the energy dissipation follows power law dependences. Domain wall pinning and domain wall freezing is discussed in some detail. C1 [Salje, Ekhard Karl Hermann] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. [Salje, Ekhard Karl Hermann] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Schranz, Wilfried] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Salje, EKH (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. EM ekhard@esc.cam.ac.uk RI Salje, Ekhard/M-2931-2013 OI Salje, Ekhard/0000-0002-8781-6154 FU Austrian FWF [P19284-N20] FX The present work was supported by the Austrian FWF Project No. P19284-N20. It was performed in the frame of the research focus Materials Science "Bulk Nanostructured Materials" of the University of Vienna. EKHS is grateful to the Los Alamos National Laboratory for its hospitality and support. NR 135 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 22 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2011 VL 226 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1524/zkri.2011.1253 PG 17 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 726LO UT WOS:000287724000001 ER PT J AU Hooper, D Taylor, AM Sarkar, S AF Hooper, Dan Taylor, Andrew M. Sarkar, Subir TI Cosmogenic photons as a test of ultra-high energy cosmic ray composition SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Cosmic ray; Composition; Cosmogenic photons ID AIR-SHOWERS; UPPER LIMIT; NEUTRINOS; NUCLEI; PROPAGATION; SPECTRUM; FLUX; PHOTODISINTEGRATION; SIMULATION; CASCADES AB Although recent measurements of the shower profiles of ultra-high energy cosmic rays suggest that they are largely initiated by heavy nuclei, such conclusions rely on hadronic interaction models which have large uncertainties. We investigate an alternative test of cosmic ray composition which is based on the observation of ultra-high energy photons produced through cosmic ray interactions with diffuse low energy photon backgrounds during intergalactic propagation. We show that if the ultra-high energy cosmic rays are dominated by heavy nuclei, the flux of these photons is suppressed by approximately an order of magnitude relative to the proton-dominated case. Future observations by the Pierre Auger Observatory may be able to use this observable to constrain the composition of the primaries, thus providing an important cross-check of hadronic interaction models. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Taylor, Andrew M.] ISDC, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Hooper, Dan] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Hooper, Dan] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Sarkar, Subir] Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. RP Taylor, AM (reprint author), ISDC, Chemin Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. EM andrew.taylor@unige.ch RI Sarkar, Subir/G-5978-2011 OI Sarkar, Subir/0000-0002-3542-858X FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-95ER40896]; NASA [NAG5-10842]; EU Marie Curie Network "Universe-Net" [HPRN-CT-2006-035863] FX We are grateful to Gracie la Gelmini for clarifications of earlier work and to Markus Risse for helpful correspondence. DH is supported by the US Department of Energy, including grant DE-FG02-95ER40896, and by NASA grant NAG5-10842. SS acknowledges support by the EU Marie Curie Network "Universe-Net" (HPRN-CT-2006-035863). NR 54 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 EI 1873-2852 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 34 IS 6 BP 340 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2010.09.002 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 717SX UT WOS:000287068800003 ER PT J AU Adamson, P Andreopoulos, C Ayres, DS Backhouse, C Barr, G Barrett, WL Bishai, M Blake, A Bock, B Bock, GJ Boehnlein, DJ Bogert, D Bower, C Budd, S Cavanaugh, S Cherdack, D Childress, S Choudhary, BC Cobb, JH Coelho, JAB Coleman, SJ Corwin, L Cronin-Hennessy, D Danko, IZ de Jong, JK Devenish, NE Diwan, MV Dorman, M Escobar, CO Evans, JJ Falk, E Feldman, GJ Frohne, MV Gallagher, HR Godley, A Gomes, RA Goodman, MC Gouffon, P Gran, R Grant, N Grashorn, EW Grzelak, K Habig, A Harris, D Harris, PG Hartnell, J Hatcher, R Himmel, A Holin, A Huang, X Hylen, J Ilic, J Irwin, GM Isvan, Z Jaffe, DE James, C Jensen, D Kafka, T Kasahara, SMS Koizumi, G Kopp, S Kordosky, M Krahn, Z Kreymer, A Lang, K Lefeuvre, G Ling, J Litchfield, PJ Litchfield, RP Loiacono, L Lucas, P Mann, WA Marshak, ML Marshall, JS Mayer, N McGowan, AM Mehdiyev, R Meier, JR Messier, MD Michael, DG Miller, WH Mishra, SR Mitchell, J Moore, CD Mualem, L Mufson, S Musser, J Naples, D Nelson, JK Newman, HB Nichol, RJ Nicholls, TC Oliver, WP Orchanian, M Paley, J Patterson, RB Pawloski, G Pearce, GF Peterson, EA Pittam, R Plunkett, RK Ratchford, J Raufer, TM Rebel, B Reichenbacher, J Rodrigues, PA Rosenfeld, C Rubin, HA Ryabov, VA Sanchez, MC Schneps, J Schreiner, P Semenov, VK Shanahan, P Sousa, A Strait, M Tagg, N Talaga, RL Thomas, J Thomson, MA Thron, JL Tinti, G Toner, R Tzanakos, G Urheim, J Vahle, P Viren, B Weber, A Webb, RC White, C Whitehead, L Wojcicki, SG Wright, DM Yang, T Zwaska, R AF Adamson, P. Andreopoulos, C. Ayres, D. S. Backhouse, C. Barr, G. Barrett, W. L. Bishai, M. Blake, A. Bock, B. Bock, G. J. Boehnlein, D. J. Bogert, D. Bower, C. Budd, S. Cavanaugh, S. Cherdack, D. Childress, S. Choudhary, B. C. Cobb, J. H. Coelho, J. A. B. Coleman, S. J. Corwin, L. Cronin-Hennessy, D. Danko, I. Z. de Jong, J. K. Devenish, N. E. Diwan, M. V. Dorman, M. Escobar, C. O. Evans, J. J. Falk, E. Feldman, G. J. Frohne, M. V. Gallagher, H. R. Godley, A. Gomes, R. A. Goodman, M. C. Gouffon, P. Gran, R. Grant, N. Grashorn, E. W. Grzelak, K. Habig, A. Harris, D. Harris, P. G. Hartnell, J. Hatcher, R. Himmel, A. Holin, A. Huang, X. Hylen, J. Ilic, J. Irwin, G. M. Isvan, Z. Jaffe, D. E. James, C. Jensen, D. Kafka, T. Kasahara, S. M. S. Koizumi, G. Kopp, S. Kordosky, M. Krahn, Z. Kreymer, A. Lang, K. Lefeuvre, G. Ling, J. Litchfield, P. J. Litchfield, R. P. Loiacono, L. Lucas, P. Mann, W. A. Marshak, M. L. Marshall, J. S. Mayer, N. McGowan, A. M. Mehdiyev, R. Meier, J. R. Messier, M. D. Michael, D. G. Miller, W. H. Mishra, S. R. Mitchell, J. Moore, C. D. Mualem, L. Mufson, S. Musser, J. Naples, D. Nelson, J. K. Newman, H. B. Nichol, R. J. Nicholls, T. C. Oliver, W. P. Orchanian, M. Paley, J. Patterson, R. B. Pawloski, G. Pearce, G. F. Peterson, E. A. Pittam, R. Plunkett, R. K. Ratchford, J. Raufer, T. M. Rebel, B. Reichenbacher, J. Rodrigues, P. A. Rosenfeld, C. Rubin, H. A. Ryabov, V. A. Sanchez, M. C. Schneps, J. Schreiner, P. Semenov, V. K. Shanahan, P. Sousa, A. Strait, M. Tagg, N. Talaga, R. L. Thomas, J. Thomson, M. A. Thron, J. L. Tinti, G. Toner, R. Tzanakos, G. Urheim, J. Vahle, P. Viren, B. Weber, A. Webb, R. C. White, C. Whitehead, L. Wojcicki, S. G. Wright, D. M. Yang, T. Zwaska, R. TI Observation in the MINOS far detector of the shadowing of cosmic rays by the sun and moon SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Cosmic rays; Moon shadow; Sun shadow; Muons; Interplanetary magnetic field ID AIR-SHOWER ARRAY; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ANGULAR RESOLUTION; DIRECTIONS; SEARCH; MUONS; GAS AB The shadowing of cosmic ray primaries by the moon and sun was observed by the MINOS far detector at a depth of 2070 mwe using 83.54 million cosmic ray muons accumulated over 1857.91 live-days. The shadow of the moon was detected at the 5.6 sigma level and the shadow of the sun at the 3.8 sigma level using a log-likelihood search in celestial coordinates. The moon shadow was used to quantify the absolute astrophysical pointing of the detector to be 0.17 +/- 0.12 degrees. Hints of interplanetary magnetic field effects were observed in both the sun and moon shadow. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ayres, D. S.; Budd, S.; Goodman, M. C.; Huang, X.; McGowan, A. M.; Paley, J.; Reichenbacher, J.; Sanchez, M. C.; Talaga, R. L.; Thron, J. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Andreopoulos, C.; Tzanakos, G.] Univ Athens, Dept Phys, GR-15771 Athens, Greece. [Frohne, M. V.; Schreiner, P.] Benedictine Univ, Dept Phys, Lisle, IL 60532 USA. [Bishai, M.; Diwan, M. V.; Jaffe, D. E.; Viren, B.; Whitehead, L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Choudhary, B. C.; Himmel, A.; Michael, D. G.; Mualem, L.; Newman, H. B.; Orchanian, M.; Patterson, R. B.] CALTECH, Lauritsen Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Webb, R. C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Blake, A.; Marshall, J. S.; Mitchell, J.; Thomson, M. A.; Toner, R.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Adamson, P.; Bock, G. J.; Boehnlein, D. J.; Bogert, D.; Childress, S.; Choudhary, B. C.; Harris, D.; Hatcher, R.; Hylen, J.; James, C.; Jensen, D.; Koizumi, G.; Kreymer, A.; Lucas, P.; Moore, C. D.; Plunkett, R. K.; Rebel, B.; Shanahan, P.; Zwaska, R.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Gomes, R. A.] Univ Fed Goias, Inst Fis, BR-74001970 Goiania, Go, Brazil. [Cavanaugh, S.; Feldman, G. J.; Sanchez, M. C.; Sousa, A.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Frohne, M. V.] Coll Holy Cross, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [de Jong, J. K.; Rubin, H. A.; White, C.] IIT, Div Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Sanchez, M. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bower, C.; Corwin, L.; Mayer, N.; Messier, M. D.; Mufson, S.; Musser, J.; Paley, J.; Urheim, J.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Ryabov, V. A.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Dept Nucl Phys, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Wright, D. M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Dorman, M.; Evans, J. J.; Holin, A.; Kordosky, M.; Nichol, R. J.; Thomas, J.; Vahle, P.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Cronin-Hennessy, D.; Grashorn, E. W.; Kasahara, S. M. S.; Krahn, Z.; Litchfield, P. J.; Marshak, M. L.; McGowan, A. M.; Meier, J. R.; Miller, W. H.; Peterson, E. A.; Strait, M.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Bock, B.; Gran, R.; Grashorn, E. W.; Habig, A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Tagg, N.] Otterbein Coll, Westerville, OH 43081 USA. [Backhouse, C.; Barr, G.; Cobb, J. H.; de Jong, J. K.; Grzelak, K.; Litchfield, R. P.; Pittam, R.; Raufer, T. M.; Rodrigues, P. A.; Sousa, A.; Tinti, G.; Weber, A.] Univ Oxford, Subdept Particle Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Danko, I. Z.; Isvan, Z.; Naples, D.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Semenov, V. K.] Inst High Energy Phys, RU-140284 Protvino, Moscow Region, Russia. [Godley, A.; Ling, J.; Mishra, S. R.; Rosenfeld, C.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Andreopoulos, C.; Grant, N.; Hartnell, J.; Ilic, J.; Nicholls, T. C.; Pearce, G. F.; Raufer, T. M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Sci & Technol Facil Council, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Irwin, G. M.; Pawloski, G.; Wojcicki, S. G.; Yang, T.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Devenish, N. E.; Falk, E.; Harris, P. G.; Hartnell, J.; Lefeuvre, G.] Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. [Kopp, S.; Lang, K.; Loiacono, L.; Mehdiyev, R.; Ratchford, J.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Cherdack, D.; Gallagher, H. R.; Kafka, T.; Mann, W. A.; Oliver, W. P.; Schneps, J.; Tagg, N.] Tufts Univ, Dept Phys, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Coelho, J. A. B.; Escobar, C. O.] Univ Estadual Campinas, IFGW UNICAMP, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Gouffon, P.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Grzelak, K.] Univ Warsaw, Dept Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Barrett, W. L.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Coleman, S. J.; Kordosky, M.; Nelson, J. K.; Vahle, P.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Grashorn, EW (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 42310 USA. EM grashorn@mps.ohio-state.edu RI Tinti, Gemma/I-5886-2013; Ryabov, Vladimir/E-1281-2014; Evans, Justin/P-4981-2014; Gouffon, Philippe/I-4549-2012; Nichol, Ryan/C-1645-2008; Gomes, Ricardo/B-6899-2008; Coelho, Joao/D-3546-2013; Mehdiyev, Rashid/H-6299-2013; Ling, Jiajie/I-9173-2014; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017; OI Hartnell, Jeffrey/0000-0002-1744-7955; Cherdack, Daniel/0000-0002-3829-728X; Weber, Alfons/0000-0002-8222-6681; Evans, Justin/0000-0003-4697-3337; Gouffon, Philippe/0000-0001-7511-4115; Gomes, Ricardo/0000-0003-0278-4876; Ling, Jiajie/0000-0003-2982-0670; Corwin, Luke/0000-0001-7143-3821 FU U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. National Science Foundation; U.K. Science and Technologies Facilities Council; State and University of Minnesota; University of Athens, Greece; FAPESP (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo); CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico) in Brazil FX We thank the Fermilab staff and the technical staffs of the participating institutions for their vital contributions. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.K. Science and Technologies Facilities Council, the State and University of Minnesota, the Office of Special Accounts for Research Grants of the University of Athens, Greece, FAPESP (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo), CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico) in Brazil. We gratefully acknowledge the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources for their assistance and for allowing us access to the facilities of the Soudan Underground Mine State Park and the crew of the Soudan Underground Physics laboratory for their tireless work in building and operating the MINOS detector. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 34 IS 6 BP 457 EP 466 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2010.10.010 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 717SX UT WOS:000287068800016 ER PT J AU Borole, AP AF Borole, Abhijeet P. TI Improving energy efficiency and enabling water recycling in biorefineries using bioelectrochemical systems SO BIOFUELS BIOPRODUCTS & BIOREFINING-BIOFPR LA English DT Article DE biofuel cell; hydrogen; lignocellulosic; fermentation inhibitors; biorefinery; water treatment; recycle; value added products; ethanol ID MICROBIAL FUEL-CELLS; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; RENEWABLE HYDROGEN; BIOMASS; GENERATION; CONVERSION; ETHANOL AB Improving biofuel yield and water reuse are two important issues in the further development of biorefineries. An alternative to the typical combustion-based approach to handle residual organics stream by implementation of bioelectrochemical systems such as microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and/or microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) to improve energy recovery from biomass is presented. The potential advantages of this alternative scheme in a biorefinery include minimization of heat loss and generation of a higher-value product: electricity (in MFC) or hydrogen (MEC). The need for 5-15 gallons of water per gallon of ethanol can be reduced significantly via recycling of water after MEC treatment. Removal of inhibitory byproducts such as furans, phenolics, and acetate in MFC/MECs to generate energy, thus, has dual advantages: improvements in energy efficiency and ability to recycle water. Conversion of the sugar- and lignin-degradation products to hydrogen is synergistic with biorefinery hydrogen requirements for upgrading Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) liquids and other byproducts to high-octane fuels and/or high-value products. Some of these products include sorbitol, succinic acid, furan and levulinate derivatives, glycols, polyols, 1,4-butenadiol, phenolics polymers, etc. Potential process alternatives utilizing MECs in biorefineries capable of improving energy efficiency by up to 30% are discussed. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Borole, AP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM borolea@ornl.gov RI Borole, AP/F-3933-2011; OI Borole, Abhijeet/0000-0001-8423-811X FU US Department of Energy [DE AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE AC05-00OR22725. The author would like to acknowledge helpful suggestions provided by Brian Davison, Elias Greenbaum, and the anonymous reviewers. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1932-104X J9 BIOFUEL BIOPROD BIOR JI Biofuels Bioprod. Biorefining PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.1002/bbb.265 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 715TK UT WOS:000286910400013 ER PT J AU Tuberville, TD Norton, TM Waffa, BJ Hagen, C Glenn, TC AF Tuberville, Tracey D. Norton, Terry M. Waffa, Bradley J. Hagen, Cris Glenn, Travis C. TI Mating system in a gopher tortoise population established through multiple translocations: Apparent advantage of prior residence SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Translocation; Augmentation; Gopherus polyphemus; Reproductive success; Mating system; Microsatellite ID DARK-EYED JUNCOS; MICROSATELLITE DNA LOCI; SPERM STORAGE; REINTRODUCTION PROGRAMS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CONSERVATION TOOL; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; BURROW USE; POLYPHEMUS; TURTLES AB Population manipulations such as translocation are becoming increasingly important tools in the management of rare and declining species. Evaluating the effectiveness of such manipulations requires comprehensive monitoring of population processes, including dispersal, survivorship, and reproduction. We investigated the mating system of a translocated population of gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) established through multiple releases, which occurred primarily during 1987-1994. During 2006-2007, we sampled and genotyped 27 candidate males (candidate sires), 34 candidate females (candidate dams), and 121 offspring from 19 clutches at five polymorphic microsatellite loci to determine the relative frequency of multiple paternity and to estimate individual reproductive success. Multiple paternity was detected in 57% of clutches genotyped, and females of single-sire clutches and females of multiple-sire clutches were of similar size. Reproductive success varied among male tortoises, and successful sires were significantly larger than males to which no offspring were attributed. Among successful sires, previously established males sired a disproportionate number of the offspring sampled, despite being significantly smaller than subsequently released males. The high variance in individual reproductive success and the apparent reproductive advantage associated with prior residence observed in this gopher tortoise population has important implications for the design of future translocation projects. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tuberville, Tracey D.; Hagen, Cris; Glenn, Travis C.] Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Norton, Terry M.] St Catherines Isl Wildlife Survival Ctr, Midway, GA 31320 USA. [Norton, Terry M.] Georgia Sea Turtle Ctr, Jekyll Isl, GA 31527 USA. [Waffa, Bradley J.] Univ South, Dept Biol, Sewanee, TN 37383 USA. RP Tuberville, TD (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM tracey.tuberville@gmail.com; tnmynahvet@aol.com; bjwaffa@gmail.com; hagen@srel.edu; travisg@uga.edu RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008 FU Chelonian Research Foundation; St. Catherines Island Foundation; American Museum of Natural History; Department of Energy [DE-FC09-07SR22506] FX We would especially like to thank Jack Tuberville, Judy Greene, and Kurt Buhlmann for their extensive field assistance and Holly Marisco, Veronica Greco, Debbie Belgio, Jennifer Bew, and Hollis Ann Stewart for their dedicated care of eggs and hatchlings in the lab. Dave Rostal provided helpful advice on searching for nests and installing predator-proof cages. Olga Tsyusko and Maureen Peters provided valuable guidance in optimizing the microsatellite markers used in this study and Nancy Schable provided instruction for DNA extraction. TDT thanks Stacey Lance for her help with parentage analyses. The field portion of this project could not have been conducted without the housing and other logistical support provided by Royce Hayes and the St. Catherines Island Foundation staff. Travel for TDT was made possible by a grant from the Chelonian Research Foundation. Additional funding was provided by the St. Catherines Island Foundation and the American Museum of Natural History. Research was conducted under permits issued by Georgia Department of Natural Resources (29-WCH-07-137). Manuscript preparation was partially supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-FC09-07SR22506 to the University of Georgia Research Foundation. Whit Gibbons, Craig Guyer, Patty Gowaty, Justin Congdon, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. NR 73 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 144 IS 1 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.08.012 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 719AA UT WOS:000287168100018 ER PT J AU Warne, LK Jorgenson, RE Kotulski, JD Lee, KSH AF Warne, L. K. Jorgenson, R. E. Kotulski, J. D. Lee, K. S. H. TI Time Harmonic Two-Dimensional Cavity Scar Statistics: Convex Mirrors and Bowtie SO ELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE scar; cavity; time harmonic; bowtie; convex mirror; electromagnetic; microwave; chaos; ray optics ID CHAOTIC MICROWAVE CAVITIES; PERIODIC-ORBITS; REVERBERATION CHAMBER; SCATTERING MATRICES; QUANTUM CHAOS; IMPEDANCE AB This article examines the localization of time harmonic high-frequency modal fields in two-dimensional cavities along periodic paths between opposing sides of the cavity. The cases where these orbits lead to unstable localized modes are known as scars. This article examines the enhancements for these unstable orbits when the opposing mirrors are convex, constructing the high-frequency field in the scar region using elliptic cylinder coordinates in combination with a random reflection phase from the outer chaotic region. The enhancements when the cavity is symmetric as well as asymmetric about the orbit are examined. C1 [Warne, L. K.; Jorgenson, R. E.; Kotulski, J. D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Electromagnet Effects Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Lee, K. S. H.] Eureka Aerosp, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Warne, LK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Electromagnet Effects Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM lkwarne@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0272-6343 J9 ELECTROMAGNETICS JI Electromagnetics PY 2011 VL 31 IS 2 BP 77 EP 100 AR PII 933316519 DI 10.1080/02726343.2011.548191 PG 24 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 719LJ UT WOS:000287205900001 ER PT J AU Jarvis, MW Haas, TJ Donohoe, BS Daily, JW Gaston, KR Frederick, WJ Nimlos, MR AF Jarvis, Mark W. Haas, Thomas J. Donohoe, Bryon S. Daily, John W. Gaston, Katherine R. Frederick, W. James Nimlos, Mark R. TI Elucidation of Biomass Pyrolysis Products Using a Laminar Entrained Flow Reactor and Char Particle Imaging SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE PYROLYSIS; HIGH HEATING RATES; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; PROPARGYL RADICALS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; CELLULOSE PYROLYSIS; LOW-PRESSURE; FLAMES; KINETICS AB We have mapped the formation of tars during white oak thermochemical conversion using a bench scale laminar entrained flow reactor (LEFR). White oak particles (80 mesh, < 180 mu m) were pyrolyzed under conditions not limited by heat transfer. Measurements were made with residence times of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 s, between 500 and 900 at 100 degrees C increments, and with residence times of 1 s at temperature from 450 to 950 degrees C at 25 degrees C increments. Products were monitored with a molecular beam mass spectrometer (MBMS), and the mass spectra were analyzed using model-free multivariate analysis (multivariate curve resolution). Six groups of correlated masses were identified that suggest the mechanisms of pyrolysis and gasification. The first group of masses (lowest temperature) is associated with primary species from lignin and hemicellulose, followed by cellulose products. The next two groups (increasing temperature) are composed of secondary products resulting from the cracking of carbohydrate vapors and the cracking of lignin in the gas or solid phase. Molecular weight growth products are seen in the next two groups including substituted aromatic compounds in the fifth group and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the sixth group. The results of this study show that as the temperature of pyrolysis is increased, the molecular weight of the tars decreases up to 750 degrees C, because the pyrolysis vapors are cracked. As the temperature increases beyond 750 degrees C, molecular weight growth is seen with increasing temperature. The analysis also shows that as the temperature increases from 450 to 950 degrees C, oxygen is lost from the tars and converted into CO and CO(2). The char samples were collected and analyzed with light and electron microscopy. This analysis revealed that micropores develop in the cell wall around 550 degrees C and increase in size and coalesce into a cenosphere morphology with increasing temperature. Above 850 degrees C, these cenospheres appear to rupture, releasing their contents into the gas phase. This rupture event correlates with increased MBMS signals from PAH-associated masses. C1 [Jarvis, Mark W.; Gaston, Katherine R.; Frederick, W. James; Nimlos, Mark R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Haas, Thomas J.; Donohoe, Bryon S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Daily, John W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nimlos, MR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM mark.nimlos@nrel.gov OI Gaston, Katherine/0000-0002-1162-0905 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of the Biomass Program [DE-AC36-99GO10337]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of the Biomass Program, under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 60 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN PY 2011 VL 25 BP 324 EP 336 DI 10.1021/ef100832d PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 721ID UT WOS:000287345900041 ER PT J AU Bahng, MK Donohoe, BS Nimlos, MR AF Bahng, Mi-Kyung Donohoe, Bryon S. Nimlos, Mark R. TI Application of an Fourier Transform-Infrared Imaging Tool for Measuring Temperature or Reaction Profiles in Pyrolyzed Wood SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIGNIN PYROLYSIS; CELL-WALLS; CELLULOSE; IR; BIOMASS; MICROSPECTROSCOPY; POLYSACCHARIDES; HEMICELLULOSE AB FT-IR imaging was used to monitor the structural and chemical changes of wood particles under various pyrolysis conditions. The temperature or reaction profile inside pyrolyzed wood was obtained from a novel approach using chemical images coupled with multivariate analysis. Poplar sections 100 mu m thick were pyrolyzed at 250-500 degrees C and the resulting FT-IR images were used as standards to determine the temperature in a poplar wood block (5 mm x 5 mm x 20 mm). Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares (PLS) regression were used to develop predictive models to map the temperature profile in the pyrolyzed wood. The results indicate that FT-IR imaging coupled with multivariate analysis is a powerful tool to study the heat transfer effects in the pyrolysis of thick wood particles. We believe that this is a unique and novel approach to visualize the chemical changes in heated biomass and thermal effects in other materials. C1 [Bahng, Mi-Kyung; Nimlos, Mark R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Donohoe, Bryon S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bahng, MK (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Mi-Kyung.Bahng@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-99GO10337]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Biomass Program, under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The authors thank Lynn Gedvilas and Tom Haas at NREL for their technical assistance on the FT-IR imaging system and microscope hot stage operations, respectively. The authors also thank Ed Wolfrum at NREL for his helpful discussions on multivariate analysis. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN PY 2011 VL 25 BP 370 EP 378 DI 10.1021/ef101312a PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 721ID UT WOS:000287345900046 ER PT J AU Cheah, S Olstad, JL Jablonski, WS Magrini-Bair, KA AF Cheah, Singfoong Olstad, Jessica L. Jablonski, Whitney S. Magrini-Bair, Kimberly A. TI Regenerable Manganese-Based Sorbent for Cleanup of Simulated Biomass-Derived Syngas SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE DESULFURIZATION; HOT GAS DESULFURIZATION; SYNTHETIC GASIFICATION GAS; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; FUEL GASES; H2S REMOVAL; COAL-GAS; SULFUR PRODUCTION; OXIDE SORBENTS; ZINC-SULFIDE AB During biomass gasification, sulfur contained in the feedstock is converted primarily to hydrogen sulfide. Conventional technologies for sulfur removal such as amine scrubbing and ZnO sorption operate at much lower temperatures than those of gasification and tar reforming and are thus thermally inefficient for cleanup of biomass-derived syngas. This work aims to develop options for high-temperature sulfur removal. In this research, we focus our investigation on the regeneration chemistry of a manganese-based sorbent for sulfur removal at the high temperature, high steam conditions (700 degrees C and up to 68% steam) used for biomass gasification and subsequent syngas conditioning. We found that regeneration conditions that have a small amount of air or steam in combination with air would allow for equal sulfidation and regeneration time. We also demonstrated the effectiveness of both fresh and regenerated sorbents in protecting downstream tar and methane reforming catalysts. C1 [Cheah, Singfoong; Olstad, Jessica L.; Jablonski, Whitney S.; Magrini-Bair, Kimberly A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Cheah, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd,MS 3322, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Singfoong.cheah@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-99GO10337]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX Funding for this research was provided by the Office of the Biomass Program, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract Number DE-AC36-99GO10337 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. We gratefully acknowledge stimulating and fruitful discussion with our colleagues Yves Parent, Daniel Carpenter, and Matthew Yung. NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN PY 2011 VL 25 BP 379 EP 387 DI 10.1021/ef101337v PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 721ID UT WOS:000287345900047 ER PT J AU Herrero-Albillos, J Garcia, LM Bartolome, F Young, AT AF Herrero-Albillos, J. Garcia, L. M. Bartolome, F. Young, A. T. TI Breakdown of Hund's third rule for intrinsic magnetic moments SO EPL LA English DT Article ID POLARIZING UNDULATOR BEAMLINE; ADVANCED LIGHT-SOURCE; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; SPIN POLARIZATION; ORBITAL MOMENT; METAL; NANOPARTICLES; MULTILAYERS; TRANSITION; ANISOTROPY AB Detailed X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements as a function of temperature are reported in ErCo2 at the Co L-2,L-3 edges. The application of magneto-optical sum rules allows for the determination of the Co orbital and spin magnetic moments both in the ferrimagnetic and paramagnetic phases. In agreement with the predictions of Hund's third rule, Co orbital and spin moments are parallel throughout the overall temperature range, except in a narrow temperature window within the paramagnetic phase in which, contrary to what is expected, they are overall coupled antiparallel. This is the first time that such behavior is observed in an intrinsic magnetic moment. A qualitative consideration of the balance between the interatomic and intra-atomic interactions acting on the cobalt atoms explains the phenomenon. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2011 C1 [Herrero-Albillos, J.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie GmbH, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Garcia, L. M.; Bartolome, F.] Univ Zaragoza, CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. [Garcia, L. M.; Bartolome, F.] Univ Zaragoza, CSIC, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. [Young, A. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Herrero-Albillos, J (reprint author), Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie GmbH, Albert Einstein Str 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. EM Julia.Herrero@unizar.es RI Herrero-Albillos, Julia/B-9837-2009; Herrero-Albillos, Julia/I-5462-2012; Bartolome, Fernando/K-1700-2014 OI Herrero-Albillos, Julia/0000-0002-0901-8341; Herrero-Albillos, Julia/0000-0002-0901-8341; Bartolome, Fernando/0000-0002-0047-1772 FU Spanish MICIN [MAT08-1077]; Aragonese CAMRADS; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Financial support from the Spanish MICIN MAT08-1077 and Aragonese CAMRADS projects is acknowledged. Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD JAN PY 2011 VL 93 IS 1 AR 17006 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/93/17006 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 717DU UT WOS:000287024300022 ER PT J AU Kresin, VZ Friedel, J AF Kresin, V. Z. Friedel, J. TI Dynamic coexistence of various configurations: Clusters vs. nuclei SO EPL LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-RICH NUCLEI; METAL-CLUSTERS; SODIUM CLUSTERS; SHELL; N=28; PHYSICS; MODEL AB The presence of energy shells in metallic clusters and atomic nuclei leads to a peculiar relation between the number of particles N and the structure, and this leads to a strong correlation between the energy spectrum and N. An analysis of experimental data leads to the conclusion that, in addition to the static Jahn-Teller effect, the dynamic effect leading to the quantum coexistence of different configurations (quantum oscillations) plays an important role. Such suggested coexistence is an essential feature of clusters as well as nuclei, both finite Fermi systems. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2011 C1 [Kresin, V. Z.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Friedel, J.] Univ Paris 11, Phys Solides Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Kresin, VZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vzkresin@lbl.gov FU AFOSR FX The authors are grateful to V. V. KRESIN and M. KAPLAN for interesting discussions. The research of VZK was supported by AFOSR. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD JAN PY 2011 VL 93 IS 1 AR 13002 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/93/13002 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 717DU UT WOS:000287024300007 ER PT J AU Dell'Orco, G Curd, W Berry, J Chang, KP Ferrada, J Gopalapillai, B Gupta, D Kim, S Kuehn, I Kumar, A Li, F Petrov, A Reiersen, W AF Dell'Orco, G. Curd, W. Berry, J. Chang, K. P. Ferrada, J. Gopalapillai, B. Gupta, D. Kim, S. Kuehn, I. Kumar, A. Li, F. Petrov, A. Reiersen, W. TI Design modification and optimization of the ITER cooling water system SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE ITER; Tokamak cooling water system; Design modifications AB ITER (Latin for "the way"), the largest fusion experimental reactor in the world, is designed to demonstrate the technological feasibility of nuclear fusion energy conversion, at plant scale, from high temperature deuterium-tritium plasma using the Tokamak magnetic confinement arrangement. ITER will have a large vacuum vessel that hosts the plasma facing components. These components include the blanket and the divertor that will operate at temperatures, heat loads, and neutron flux higher than those reached in a nuclear fission power plant reactor. One of the main critical issues of the ITER reactor is the design of the cooling water system to transfer the heat generated in the plasma to the in-vessel components and the heat loads from the auxiliary systems to the environment. This paper describes the current ITER cooling water system and recent design modifications and optimizations. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dell'Orco, G.; Curd, W.; Chang, K. P.; Gopalapillai, B.; Gupta, D.; Kuehn, I.; Li, F.] ITER Org, CS 90 046, F-13067 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Berry, J.; Ferrada, J.; Kim, S.; Petrov, A.; Reiersen, W.] TER, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kumar, A.] ITER INDIA Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, Gujarat, India. RP Dell'Orco, G (reprint author), ITER Org, CS 90 046, F-13067 St Paul Les Durance, France. EM giovanni.dellorco@iter.org NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 86 IS 1 BP 15 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2010.07.012 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 721EH UT WOS:000287335900003 ER PT J AU Gates, DA Jun, C Zatz, I Zolfaghari, A AF Gates, D. A. Jun, C. Zatz, I. Zolfaghari, A. TI All-metal transformer core for a low aspect ratio tokamak SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Spherical tokamak; Fusion design ID START AB A novel concept for incorporating an iron core transformer within a axisymmetric toroidal plasma containment device with a high neutron flux is described. This design enables conceptual design of low aspect ratio devices which employ standard transformer-driven plasma startup by using all-metal high resistance inserts between the toroidal field windings. This design avoids the inherent problems of a multi-turn air core transformer which will inevitably suffer from strong neutron bombardment and hence lose the integrity of its insulation, both through long term material degradation and short term neutron induced conductivity. A full 3-dimensional model of the concept has been developed within the MAXWELL program and the resultant loop voltage calculated. The utility of the result is found to be dependent on the resistivity of the high resistance inserts. Useful loop voltage time histories have been obtained using expected resistivities. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gates, D. A.; Jun, C.; Zatz, I.; Zolfaghari, A.] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Gates, DA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM dgates@pppl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76CH03073] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Grant under contract number DE-AC02-76CH03073. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 86 IS 1 BP 41 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2010.08.001 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 721EH UT WOS:000287335900007 ER PT J AU Vatsavai, RR Bhaduri, B AF Vatsavai, Ranga Raju Bhaduri, Budhendra TI A hybrid classification scheme for mining multisource geospatial data SO GEOINFORMATICA LA English DT Article DE MLC; EM; Semi-supervised learning ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; NEURAL-NETWORK; PRIOR PROBABILITIES; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; SAMPLES; EM AB Supervised learning methods such as Maximum Likelihood (ML) are often used in land cover (thematic) classification of remote sensing imagery. ML classifier relies exclusively on spectral characteristics of thematic classes whose statistical distributions (class conditional probability densities) are often overlapping. The spectral response distributions of thematic classes are dependent on many factors including elevation, soil types, and ecological zones. A second problem with statistical classifiers is the requirement of the large number of accurate training samples (10 to 30 x |dimensions|), which are often costly and time consuming to acquire over large geographic regions. With the increasing availability of geospatial databases, it is possible to exploit the knowledge derived from these ancillary datasets to improve classification accuracies even when the class distributions are highly overlapping. Likewise newer semi-supervised techniques can be adopted to improve the parameter estimates of the statistical model by utilizing a large number of easily available unlabeled training samples. Unfortunately, there is no convenient multivariate statistical model that can be employed for multisource geospatial databases. In this paper we present a hybrid semi-supervised learning algorithm that effectively exploits freely available unlabeled training samples from multispectral remote sensing images and also incorporates ancillary geospatial databases. We have conducted several experiments on Landsat satellite image datasets, and our new hybrid approach shows over 24% to 36% improvement in overall classification accuracy over conventional classification schemes. C1 [Vatsavai, Ranga Raju; Bhaduri, Budhendra] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vatsavai, RR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vatsavairr@ornl.gov; bhaduribl@ornl.gov FU LDRD initiative on "Emerging Science and Technology for Sustainable Bioenergy" FX We would like to thank our collaborators Prof. Shekhar and Prof. Thomas E. Burk at the University of Minnesota for their contributions and support. We would like to thank ORNL reviewers Eddie Bright, Phil Coleman, Veeraraghavan Vijayaraj, and the unanimous SSTDM-07 workshop reviewers whose comments have greatly helped us in improving the technical quality of this paper. This research was partially supported by the LDRD initiative on "Emerging Science and Technology for Sustainable Bioenergy." NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-6175 J9 GEOINFORMATICA JI Geoinformatica PD JAN PY 2011 VL 15 IS 1 BP 29 EP 47 DI 10.1007/s10707-010-0113-4 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography, Physical SC Computer Science; Physical Geography GA 709JF UT WOS:000286433600002 ER PT J AU Watson, A Hall, L Raber, E Hauschild, VD Dolislager, F Love, AH Hanna, ML AF Watson, Annetta Hall, Linda Raber, Ellen Hauschild, Veronique D. Dolislager, Fredrick Love, Adam H. Hanna, M. Leslie TI Developing Health-Based Pre-Planning Clearance Goals for Airport Remediation Following Chemical Terrorist Attack: Introduction and Key Assessment Considerations SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE chemical warfare agents; CWA; TIC; terrorism; clearance guidelines and goals; airport; decision criteria ID WARFARE AGENT DEGRADATION; SULFUR MUSTARD; SKULL-VALLEY; NERVE; VX; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; SARIN; DECONTAMINATION; VAPOR AB In the event of a chemical terrorist attack on a transportation hub, post-event remediation and restoration activities necessary to attain unrestricted facility re-use and re-entry could require hours to multiple days. While restoration timeframes are dependent on numerous variables, a primary controlling factor is the level of pre-planning and decision-making completed prior to chemical terrorist release. What follows is the first of a two-part analysis identifying key considerations, critical information, and decision criteria to facilitate post-attack and post-decontamination consequence management activities. A conceptual site model and human health-based exposure guidelines are developed and reported as an aid to site-specific pre-planning in the current absence of U.S. state or Federal values designated as compound-specific remediation or re-entry concentrations, and to safely expedite facility recovery to full operational status. Chemicals of concern include chemical warfare nerve and vesicant agents and the toxic industrial compounds phosgene, hydrogen cyanide, and cyanogen chloride. This work has been performed as a national case study conducted in partnership with the Los Angeles International Airport and The Bradley International Terminal. All recommended guidelines have been selected for consistency with airport scenario release parameters of a one-time, short-duration, finite airborne release from a single source followed by compound-specific decontamination. C1 [Watson, Annetta] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Hall, Linda; Raber, Ellen; Love, Adam H.; Hanna, M. Leslie] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Restorat Div, Livermore, CA USA. [Hauschild, Veronique D.] USA, Publ Hlth Command Provis, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Dolislager, Fredrick] Univ Tennessee Knoxville, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Watson, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, 545 Oak Ridge Turnpike, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM watsonap@ornl.gov FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security under U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [2367-T146-06]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was prepared for the Chemical Restoration Operational Technology Demonstration Project of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security under U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Interagency Agreement No. 2367-T146-06. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) of Oak Ridge, TN, is managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. This work has also been performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 154 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2011 VL 17 IS 1 SI SI BP 2 EP 56 AR PII 933408162 DI 10.1080/10807039.2010.534721 PG 55 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 720ZB UT WOS:000287320100002 ER PT J AU Watson, A Dolislager, F Hall, L Raber, E Hauschild, VD Love, AH AF Watson, Annetta Dolislager, Fredrick Hall, Linda Raber, Ellen Hauschild, Veronique D. Love, Adam H. TI Developing Health-Based Pre-Planning Clearance Goals for Airport Remediation Following a Chemical Terrorist Attack: Decision Criteria for Multipathway Exposure Routes SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE chemical warfare agents; CWA; TIC; terrorism; clearance guidelines and goals; risk assessment; decision criteria ID WARFARE AGENT DEGRADATION; LOW-LEVEL EXPOSURE; PHOSGENE EXPOSURE; SARIN VAPOR; GUIDELINE LEVELS; GUINEA-PIGS; LONG-TERM; RATS; TOXICITY; AIR AB In the event of a chemical terrorist attack on a transportation hub, post-event remediation and restoration activities necessary to attain unrestricted facility re-use and re-entry could require hours to multiple days. While timeframes are dependent on numerous variables, a primary controlling factor is the level of pre-planning and decision-making completed prior to chemical release. What follows is the second of a two-part analysis identifying key considerations, critical information and decision criteria to facilitate post-attack and post-decontamination consequence management activities. Decision criteria analysis presented here provides first-time, open-literature documentation of multi-pathway, health-based remediation exposure guidelines for selected toxic industrial compounds, chemical warfare agents, and agent degradation products for pre-planning application in anticipation of a chemical terrorist attack. Guideline values are provided for inhalation and direct ocular vapor exposure routes as well as percutaneous vapor, surface contact, and ingestion. Target populations include various employees as well as transit passengers. This work has been performed as a national case study conducted in partnership with the Los Angeles International Airport and The Bradley International Terminal. All recommended guidelines have been selected for consistency with airport scenario release parameters of a one-time, short-duration, finite airborne release from a single source followed by compound-specific decontamination. C1 [Watson, Annetta] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Dolislager, Fredrick] Univ Tennessee Knoxville, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Hall, Linda; Raber, Ellen; Love, Adam H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Restorat Div, Livermore, CA USA. [Hauschild, Veronique D.] USA, Directorate Occupat & Environm Med, Publ Hlth Command Provis, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Watson, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, 545 Oak Ridge Turnpike, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM watsonap@ornl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was prepared for the U.S. Department of Homeland Security under U.S. Department of Energy Interagency Agreement No. 2367-T146-06. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) of Oak Ridge, TN is managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. This work has also been performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 145 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2011 VL 17 IS 1 SI SI BP 57 EP 121 AR PII 933407646 DI 10.1080/10807039.2010.534722 PG 65 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 720ZB UT WOS:000287320100003 ER PT J AU Moon, S Zhang, W Nishida, K Matsumoto, Y Gao, J AF Moon, S. Zhang, W. Nishida, K. Matsumoto, Y. Gao, J. TI Development and evaporation of group-hole nozzle sprays under various surrounding and impinging conditions of direct-injection diesel engines SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE diesel spray; group-hole nozzle; mixture formation; engine load; impingement angle ID MIXTURE PROPERTIES AB In the present study, penetration and evaporation of the diesel sprays injected by a group of two closely spaced orifices (a group-hole nozzle) were investigated and compared with those of conventional single-hole nozzle sprays under various engine loads and wall-impinging conditions of direct-injection (DI) diesel engines. Both free and wall-impinging conditions were considered. The experiments were performed inside a constant-volume vessel under simulated ambient conditions for low and high engine loads of DI diesel engines. To investigate the effect of spray targeting, two impinging conditions (impingement angles of 45 degrees and 90 degrees with the same impingement distance) were applied. Geometry and liquid/vapour mass distributions of the evaporating diesel sprays were analysed using a laser absorption scattering (LAS) technique. Under a free spray condition, fuel evaporation of the group-hole nozzle spray was improved compared with that of the single-hole nozzle spray at low load conditions, while it showed simultaneous deterioration in fuel evaporation and spray tip penetration at high load conditions. Jet axes deflection of the two jets from the group-hole nozzle, which generated a dense liquid region at the central region of the spray, was responsible for this deteriorated evaporation at high load conditions. Under a vertical impingement condition (impingement angle of 90 degrees), the group-hole nozzle spray showed simultaneous improvement in spray tip penetration and fuel evaporation at both low and high load conditions from strong momentum interaction of the two jets on the impingement wall. However, this improvement from the group-hole nozzle did not appear at an inclined wall-impingement condition (impingement angle of 45 degrees) owing to weakened and delayed momentum interaction of the two jets. Both spray tip penetration and fuel evaporation of the group-hole nozzle spray were deteriorated at the inclined wall-impinging condition. C1 [Moon, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, XRay Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zhang, W.; Nishida, K.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Mech Syst Engn, Hiroshima, Japan. [Matsumoto, Y.] Mazda Motor Corp, Hiroshima, Japan. [Gao, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Engine Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Moon, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, XRay Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM smoon@aps.anl.gov RI Gao, Jian/F-7401-2012 FU Mazda Motor Corp.; New Energy industrial technology Development Organization (NEDO) FX The authors would like to thank the technical and financial support from Mazda Motor Corp. and New Energy industrial technology Development Organization (NEDO). NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 1468-0874 J9 INT J ENGINE RES JI Int. J. Engine Res. PY 2011 VL 12 IS 1 BP 41 EP 57 DI 10.1177/14680874JER565 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Transportation GA 719TG UT WOS:000287231600004 ER PT J AU Giannotti, M Duffy, LD Nita, R AF Giannotti, M. Duffy, L. D. Nita, R. TI New constraints for heavy axion-like particles from supernovae SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gamma ray theory; core-collapse supernovas; gamma ray detectors ID STRONG CP PROBLEM; INVARIANCE; CONSERVATION; EMISSION AB We derive new constraints on the coupling of heavy pseudoscalar (axion-like) particles to photons, based on the gamma ray flux expected from the decay of these particles into photons. After being produced in the supernova core, these heavy axion-like particles would escape and a fraction of them would decay into photons before reaching the Earth. We have calculated the expected flux on Earth of these photons from the supernovae SN 1987A and Cassiopeia A and compared our results to data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope. This analysis provides strong constraints on the parameter space for axion-like particles. For a particle mass of 100MeV, we find that the Peccei-Quinn constant, fa, must be greater than about 10(15) GeV. Alternatively, for f(a) = 10(12) GeV, we exclude the mass region between approximately 100 eV and 1GeV. C1 [Giannotti, M.; Nita, R.] Barry Univ, Miami Shores, FL 33161 USA. [Duffy, L. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Giannotti, M (reprint author), Barry Univ, Miami Shores, FL 33161 USA. EM mgiannotti@mail.barry.edu; ldd@lanl.gov; Rafaela.Nita@mymail.barry.edu OI Duffy, Leanne/0000-0002-0123-6723 NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 IS 1 AR 015 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2011/01/015 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 714IL UT WOS:000286802900015 ER PT J AU Lieten, RR Richard, O Degroote, S Leys, M Bender, H Borghs, G AF Lieten, R. R. Richard, O. Degroote, S. Leys, M. Bender, H. Borghs, G. TI Interface of GaN grown on Ge(111) by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Diffusion; Interfaces; Molecular beam epitaxy; GaN; Germanium; Ge3N4 AB Early efforts to grow GaN layers on germanium substrates by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy led to GaN domains, rotated by 8 degrees relative to each other. Increased insight in the growth of GaN on germanium resulted in the suppression of these domain and consequently high quality layers. In this study the interface of these improved layers is investigated with transmission electron microscopy. The GaN layers show high crystal quality and an atomically abrupt interface with the Ge substrate. A thin, single crystalline Ge(3)N(4) layer is observed in between the GaN layer and Ge substrate. This Ge(3)N(4) layer remains present even at growth temperatures (850 degrees C) far above the decomposition temperature of Ge(3)N(4) in vacuum (600 degrees C). Triangular voids in the Ge substrate are observed after growth. Reducing the Ga flux at the onset of GaN growth helps to reduce the triangular defect size. This indicates that the formation of voids in the Ge substrate strongly depends on the presence of Ga atoms at the onset of growth. However complete elimination was not achieved. The formation of voids in the germanium substrate leads to diffusion of Ge into the GaN layer. Therefore we examined the diffusion of Ge atoms into the GaN layer and G a atoms into the Ge substrate. It was found that the diffusion of Ge into the GaN layer and Ga into the Ge substrate can be influenced by the growth temperature but cannot be completely suppressed. Our results suggest that Ga atoms diffuse through small imperfections in the Ge(3)N(4) interlayer and locally etch the Ge substrate, leading to the diffusion of Ga and Ge atoms. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lieten, R. R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lieten, R. R.; Richard, O.; Degroote, S.; Leys, M.; Bender, H.; Borghs, G.] IMEC, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. RP Lieten, RR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Ruben.Lieten@gmail.com FU Belgian American Educational Foundation (BAEF) FX Author R.R. Lieten acknowledges support as Research Fellow of the Belgian American Educational Foundation (BAEF). NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 314 IS 1 BP 71 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.10.146 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 715AS UT WOS:000286853400015 ER PT J AU Dambournet, D Belharouak, I Ma, JW Amine, K AF Dambournet, Damien Belharouak, Ilias Ma, Jiwei Amine, Khalil TI Toward high surface area TiO2 brookite with morphology control SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE SYNTHESIS; ANATASE; RUTILE; NANOCRYSTALS; POLYMORPHS; ADSORPTION; OXIDATION; COMPLEX; MEDIA; WATER AB TiO2 materials have many practical applications due to their intrinsic physico-chemical properties. Research activities on the properties of TiO2 brookite have been restrained by the difficulty of preparing such a phase. Here, we report on the synthesis of TiO2 brookite prepared by thermal decomposition of a titanium oxalate hydrate compound. Since the characteristics of the prepared TiO2 brookite are dictated by those of the precursor, the present work aims to understand the aqueous precipitation process of the oxalate hydrate phase. It was shown that the formation of the phase occurred via different steps that are affected by the synthesis conditions, i.e. the oxalate source and the duration time. At first, in agreement with the Ostwald's rule of stages, the formation of the oxalate phase implied a metastable intermediate that is a poorly crystallized TiO2 phase. The pH of the solution was shown to impact on the kinetic of transformation of this intermediate toward the final compound. In the presence of alkali ions, the oxalate phase was shown to undergo a dissolution/etching phenomenon that is dependent on the nature of the alkali ion used. The apparent difference in adsorption ability of the alkali ions on the different crystal planes of the titanium oxalate hydrate phase accounted for the variety of the obtained morphologies. Finally, it was suggested that the reaction was promoted by a coordination-assisted mechanism involving the complexing properties of the oxalate anions toward Ti4+ ions. The obtained TiO2 brookite materials exhibit unreached high specific surface area lying between 150 and 400 m(2) g(-1) while displaying high packing density around 1-1.2 g cm(-3). The lithium insertion ability of the prepared material depends on the calcination temperature. Increasing the temperature led to a decrease of the lithium uptake properties but was shown to improve the kinetics of lithium insertion. This was due to an increase of the pore radius size that enabled a faster lithium diffusion transport to be achieved under high current density conditions. C1 [Dambournet, Damien; Belharouak, Ilias; Ma, Jiwei; Amine, Khalil] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dambournet, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM damien_dambournet@yahoo.fr; belharouak@anl.gov RI Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013; OI Belharouak, Ilias/0000-0002-3985-0278 FU US Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a US Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The US Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 60 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 9 BP 3085 EP 3090 DI 10.1039/c0jm03258a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 721QI UT WOS:000287369300042 ER PT J AU Li, SX Yin, TM Wang, MX Tuskan, GA AF Li, Shuxian Yin, Tongming Wang, Mingxiu Tuskan, Gerald A. TI Characterization of microsatellites in the coding regions of the Populus genome SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Exonic SSRs; Allelic variability; Polymorphism information content; Molecular breeding; Populus ID GENETIC-VARIATION; DUPLICATED GENES; DISCOVERY; REPEATS; PLANTS; DNA AB With the development of high-throughput sequencing techniques, transcriptome sequencing projects which provide valuable resources for designing simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers have been carried out for many plants. However, the utility of SSRs for molecular breeding depends on genome-wide distribution and coverage, as well as moderately high allelic variability, in the available SSR library. In this study, we characterized the exonic SSRs developed from the publicly available Populus genome as a case study to determine their value for molecular breeding. As expected, our results confirmed that microsatellites occurred approximately three times less often in coding regions than in non-coding regions. Mutability test also showed that exonic SSRs contained less allelic variability than intronic SSRs. More importantly, exonic SSRs were unevenly distributed both among and within chromosomes. Large exonic SSRs deserts were observed on several chromosomes. Differential selection between paralogous chromosomes, at the gene level, appears to be responsible for these SSR deserts, though the mechanisms that cause chromosome-specific SSR deserts are not known. This work provides ample evidence that the candidate gene approach based on unigenes identified from transcribed sequences may not be the best strategy to identify highly polymorphic SSRs. C1 [Li, Shuxian; Yin, Tongming; Wang, Mingxiu] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Jiangsu Key Lab Poplar Germplasm Enhancement & Va, Key Lab Forest Genet & Biotechnol, Nanjing 210037, Peoples R China. [Tuskan, Gerald A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yin, TM (reprint author), Nanjing Forestry Univ, Jiangsu Key Lab Poplar Germplasm Enhancement & Va, Key Lab Forest Genet & Biotechnol, 159 Longpan Rd, Nanjing 210037, Peoples R China. EM tmyin@njfu.com.cn RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011 OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289 FU Natural Science Foundation of China [30971609]; Forestry Nonprofit Project [200904002]; US DOE BioEnergy Science Center FX We thank Han Jingling, Zhenghong Liu and Faying Yuan at Nanjing Forestry University for their help in sample collection. Special thanks go to the editor and anonymous reviewers for their help in formulating the revision. Funds for this research were provided by Natural Science Foundation of China (30971609) and Forestry Nonprofit Project (200904002). This work is also supported by the US DOE BioEnergy Science Center. The BioEnergy Science Center is a US Department of Energy Bioenergy Research Center supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.1007/s11032-010-9413-5 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 700ZC UT WOS:000285783100005 ER PT J AU Rotenberg, E AF Rotenberg, Eli TI TOPOLOGICAL INSULATORS The dirt on topology SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT News Item ID SURFACE C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rotenberg, E (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Mail Stop 6R2100, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM erotenberg@lbl.gov RI Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009 OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 7 IS 1 BP 8 EP 10 DI 10.1038/nphys1869 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 697GL UT WOS:000285501100005 ER PT J AU Li, JA Martin, I Buttiker, M Morpurgo, AF AF Li, Jian Martin, Ivar Buettiker, Markus Morpurgo, Alberto F. TI Topological origin of subgap conductance in insulating bilayer graphene SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HGTE QUANTUM-WELLS; BERRYS PHASE; STATE AB The edges of graphene-based systems possess unusual electronic properties, originating from the non-trivial topological structure associated with the pseudospinorial character of the electron wavefunctions. These properties, which have no analogue for electrons described by the Schrodinger equation in conventional systems, have led to the prediction of many striking phenomena, such as gate-tunable ferromagnetism and valley-selective transport(1-3). In most cases, however, the predicted phenomena are not expected to survive the strong structural and chemical disorder that unavoidably affects the edges of real graphene devices. Here, we present a theoretical investigation of the intrinsic low-energy states at the edges of electrostatically gapped bilayer graphene, and find that the contribution of edge modes to the linear conductance of realistic devices remains sizable even for highly imperfect edges. This contribution may dominate over that of the bulk for sufficiently clean devices, such as those based on suspended bilayer graphene samples. Our results illustrate the robustness of those phenomena whose origin is rooted in the topology of the electronic band structure, even in the absence of specific protection mechanisms. C1 [Morpurgo, Alberto F.] Univ Geneva, DPMC, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Morpurgo, Alberto F.] Univ Geneva, GAP, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Li, Jian; Buettiker, Markus] Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Theor, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Martin, Ivar] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Morpurgo, AF (reprint author), Univ Geneva, DPMC, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. EM alberto.morpurgo@unige.ch RI Li, Jian/B-8398-2011 OI Li, Jian/0000-0003-0297-6528 FU Swiss National Science Foundation [200020-121807, 200021-121569]; Swiss Centre of Excellence MaNEP; National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; LANL/LDRD Program FX This work has been supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (projects 200020-121807 and 200021-121569) and by the Swiss Centre of Excellence MaNEP. The work of I. M. was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 and supported by the LANL/LDRD Program. NR 27 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 5 U2 43 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 7 IS 1 BP 38 EP 42 DI 10.1038/NPHYS1822 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 697GL UT WOS:000285501100013 ER PT J AU Jiang, GL Rivera, F Kanyal, SS Davis, RC Vanfleet, R Lunt, BM Shutthanandan, V Linford, MR AF Jiang, Guilin Rivera, Felipe Kanyal, Supriya Singh Davis, Robert C. Vanfleet, Richard Lunt, Barry M. Shutthanandan, Vaitiyalingam Linford, Matthew R. TI Characterization of the plastic substrates, the reflective layers, the adhesives, and the grooves of today's archival-grade recordable DVDs SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE DVD; reflective layer; adhesive; dye; groove; attenuated total internal reflection Fourier transform infrared; x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Rutherford backscattering spectrometry ID OPTICAL DISCS; DYES AB The plastic substrates, reflective layers, dyes, and adhesives of four archival-grade, recordable DVDs and one standard-grade recordable DVD were analyzed to determine their chemical compositions and/or physical dimensions. Chemical analyses by attenuated total internal reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray/scanning transmission electron microscopy, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry show that all these DVDs use very similar polycarbonate plastic substrates and acrylate-based adhesives, but different reflective layers and dye write layers. In addition, physical measurements by atomic force microscopy show differences in the DVD groove depth, width, and other dimensions. These chemical and physical analyses may help explain variations in DVD lifetimes and facilitate development of the next-generation archival-grade DVDs. (C) 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.3529981] C1 [Jiang, Guilin; Kanyal, Supriya Singh; Linford, Matthew R.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Rivera, Felipe; Davis, Robert C.; Vanfleet, Richard] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Lunt, Barry M.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Informat Technol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Shutthanandan, Vaitiyalingam] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Jiang, GL (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT 84602 USA. FU Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX Part of this research was performed at EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 50 IS 1 AR 015201 DI 10.1117/1.3529981 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 713IL UT WOS:000286731100019 ER PT J AU Miller, DC Kempe, MD Kennedy, CE Kurtz, SR AF Miller, David C. Kempe, Michael D. Kennedy, Cheryl E. Kurtz, Sarah R. TI Analysis of transmitted optical spectrum enabling accelerated testing of multijunction concentrating photovoltaic designs SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE reliability; durability; accelerated testing; polymeric materials; reflective and refractive materials ID SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; VINYL ACETATE COPOLYMER; FRESNEL LENS; GLASS; PHOTODEGRADATION; STABILIZATION; DEGRADATION; DURABILITY; POLYMERS; DEVICES AB Concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) technology has recently gained interest based on its scalability and expected low levelized cost of electricity. The reliability of encapsulation materials used in CPV systems, however, is not well established. For example, the present qualification test for CPV modules includes only real-time ultraviolet (UV) exposure, i.e., methods for accelerated UV testing have not yet been developed. To better define the stress inherent to CPV systems, the UV and infrared spectra transmitted through representative optical systems were evaluated. Measurements of optical components are used to assess expected optical performance and quantify damaging optical exposure. Optical properties (transmittance, refractive index, reflectance, and absorptance) of candidate materials (including PMMA, soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass, and quartz refractors), components (including Ag- and Al-enabled reflectors), and encapsulants (including EVA, ionomer, PDMS, PPMS, polyolefin, and PVB) were identified. The activation spectrum was calculated for the representative optical systems using an assumed action spectrum to compare the expected damaging dose of UV radiation delivered to the cell encapsulation. The dose and flux analysis identifies the significance of IR relative to UV exposure for CPV systems. Because UV light is typically more highly attenuated, the UV dose within the encapsulation may not greatly exceed the unconcentrated global solar condition, but the thermal load scales nearly directly with the geometric concentration. Relative to a previous analysis for crystalline silicon cell technology, the analysis here is performed for III-V multijunction technology. Novel aspects here also include additional materials (such as TPU encapsulation) and additional components (transmission through silicone on glass lenses, antireflective coatings, and the front glass used with reflective systems, as well as reflection off of the cell). (C) 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.3530092] C1 [Miller, David C.; Kempe, Michael D.; Kennedy, Cheryl E.; Kurtz, Sarah R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Miller, DC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM david.miller@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory [DE-AC36-08GO28308] FX The authors are grateful to Dr. Keith Emery, Dr. Daryl Myers, Dr. John Pern, Matt Beach, Christa Loux, Marc Oddo, Bryan Price, Kent Terwilliger, and Robert Tirawat of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for their discussion/help with the solar spectrum, experimental methods, and optical measurements, respectively; Dr. Margaret Fraelich of Fresnel Technologies Inc., Dr. Jayesh Bokria, Dr. Ryan Tucker, and Mr. Christopher Hastings of Specialized Technology Resources Inc., Roger French and Eric Romano of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Dr. Uwe Keller of Kuraray Europe GmbH, and Michelle Velderrain of NuSil Technology LLC for their help with specimen materials. As published data was previously unavailable for several materials, Roger French is gratefully acknowledged for facilitating refractive index measurements. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 64 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 50 IS 1 AR 013003 DI 10.1117/1.3530092 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA 713IL UT WOS:000286731100005 ER PT J AU Raman, RN Negres, RA Demos, SG AF Raman, Rajesh N. Negres, Raluca A. Demos, Stavros G. TI Time-resolved microscope system to image material response following localized laser energy deposition: exit surface damage in fused silica as a case example SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE time-resolved imaging; microscopy; laser damage; laser ablation; fused silica ID PHASE-EXPLOSION; ABLATION; DYNAMICS AB The dynamics of material response following initial localized energy deposition by the laser pulse on the material's surface is still largely unknown. We describe a time-resolved microscope system that enables the study of the sequence of events and the individual processes involved during the entire timeline from the initial energy deposition to the final state of the material, typically associated with the formation of a crater on the surface. To best capture individual aspects of the damage timeline, this system can be configured to multiple imaging arrangements, such as multiview image acquisition at a single time point, multi-image acquisition at different time points of the same event, and tailored sensitivity to various aspects of the process. As a case example, we present results obtained with this system during laser-induced damage on the exit surface of fused silica. (C) 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.3526689] C1 [Raman, Rajesh N.; Negres, Raluca A.; Demos, Stavros G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Raman, RN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 50 IS 1 AR 013602 DI 10.1117/1.3526689 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 713IL UT WOS:000286731100007 ER PT J AU Heo, TW Wang, Y Bhattacharya, S Sun, X Hu, SY Chen, LQ AF Heo, Tae Wook Wang, Yi Bhattacharya, Saswata Sun, Xin Hu, Shenyang Chen, Long-Qing TI A phase-field model for deformation twinning SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE deformation twinning; microstructure; modeling; phase-field model; first-principle calculation ID FOURIER-SPECTRAL METHOD; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; FCC METALS; MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION; TWINS; NUCLEATION; ALUMINUM; ENERGY; SIMULATION AB We propose a phase-field model for modeling microstructure evolution during deformation twinning. The order parameters are proportional to the shear strains defined in terms of twin plane orientations and twinning directions. Using a face-centered cubic Al as an example, the deformation energy as a function of shear strain is obtained using first-principle calculations. The gradient energy coefficients are fitted to the twin boundary energies along the twinning planes and to the dislocation core energies along the directions that are perpendicular to the twinning planes. The elastic strain energy of a twinned structure is included using the Khachaturyan's elastic theory. We simulated the twinning process and microstructure evolution under a number of fixed deformations and predicted the twinning plane orientations and microstructures. C1 [Heo, Tae Wook; Wang, Yi; Bhattacharya, Saswata; Chen, Long-Qing] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sun, Xin; Hu, Shenyang] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Heo, TW (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM tuh134@psu.edu RI Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012; Wang, Yi/D-1032-2013; OI Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781; HU, Shenyang/0000-0002-7187-3082 FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR0710483]; NSF through the Center for Computational Materials Design (CCMD) [IIP-541674] FX This study was supported by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant number DMR0710483, and the NSF IIP-541674 through the Center for Computational Materials Design (CCMD). NR 56 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PY 2011 VL 91 IS 2 BP 110 EP 121 AR PII 930849628 DI 10.1080/09500839.2010.537284 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 714RW UT WOS:000286827700005 ER PT J AU Miao, HY Xia, XH Perelson, AS Wu, HL AF Miao, Hongyu Xia, Xiaohua Perelson, Alan S. Wu, Hulin TI On Identifiability of Nonlinear ODE Models and Applications in Viral Dynamics SO SIAM REVIEW LA English DT Review DE ODE modeling; structural identifiability; practical identifiability; sensitivity-based identifiability; viral dynamics ID BIOLOGICAL COMPARTMENTAL SYSTEMS; DELAY-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; A VIRUS-INFECTION; PARAMETER IDENTIFIABILITY; GLOBAL IDENTIFIABILITY; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; TIME-DELAY; STRUCTURAL IDENTIFIABILITY; PRACTICAL IDENTIFIABILITY; MATHEMATICAL-ANALYSIS AB Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are a powerful tool for modeling dynamic processes with wide applications in a variety of scientific fields. Over the last two decades, ODEs have also emerged as a prevailing tool in various biomedical research fields, especially in infectious disease modeling. In practice, it is important and necessary to determine unknown parameters in ODE models based on experimental data. Identifiability analysis is the first step in determining unknown parameters in ODE models and such analysis techniques for nonlinear ODE models are still under development. In this article, we review identifiability analysis methodologies for nonlinear ODE models developed in the past couple of decades, including structural identifiability analysis, practical identifiability analysis, and sensitivity-based identifiability analysis. Some advanced topics and ongoing research are also briefly reviewed. Finally, some examples from modeling viral dynamics of HIV and influenza viruses are given to illustrate how to apply these identifiability analysis methods in practice. C1 [Miao, Hongyu; Wu, Hulin] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Biostat & Computat Biol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Xia, Xiaohua] Univ Pretoria, Dept Elect Elect & Comp Engn, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Perelson, Alan S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Miao, HY (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Biostat & Computat Biol, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 630, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM hongyu_miao@urmc.rochester.edu; xxia@postino.up.ac.za; asp@lanl.gov; hwu@bst.rochester.edu FU NIAID/NIH [AI055290, AI50020, AI28433, AI078498, RR06555]; University of Rochester; University of Rochester DCFAR [P30AI078498] FX Received by the editors April 24, 2009; accepted for publication (in revised form) February 22, 2010; published electronically February 8, 2011. This work was partially supported by NIAID/NIH research grants AI055290, AI50020, AI28433, AI078498, RR06555, the University of Rochester Provost Award, and the University of Rochester DCFAR (P30AI078498) Mentoring Award. The U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Copyright is owned by SIAM to the extent not limited by these rights. NR 127 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 3 U2 42 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1445 EI 1095-7200 J9 SIAM REV JI SIAM Rev. PY 2011 VL 53 IS 1 BP 3 EP 39 DI 10.1137/090757009 PG 37 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 718NR UT WOS:000287130900001 PM 21785515 ER PT J AU Wilmarth, WR Lumetta, GJ Johnson, ME Poirier, MR Thompson, MC Suggs, PC Machara, NP AF Wilmarth, William R. Lumetta, Gregg J. Johnson, Michael E. Poirier, Michael R. Thompson, Major C. Suggs, Patricia C. Machara, Nicholas P. TI Review: Waste-Pretreatment Technologies for Remediation of Legacy Defense Nuclear Wastes SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Review DE Pretreatment; radioactive waste; cross-flow filter; rotary microfilter; cesium ion exchange; cesium solvent extraction; crystalline silicotitanate; monosodium titanate ID SAVANNA RIVER SITE; HIGH-LEVEL WASTE; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION RECOVERY; TANK WASTE; CRYSTALLINE SILICOTITANATE; ACTINIDE SEPARATIONS; CESIUM; REMOVAL; HANFORD; STRONTIUM AB The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is responsible for retrieving, immobilizing, and disposing of radioactive waste generated during the production of nuclear weapons in the United States. The general strategy for treating the radioactive tank waste consists of pretreating the wastes by separating them into high-level and low-activity fractions. The high-level fraction will be immobilized in a glass form suitable for disposal in a geologic repository. The low-activity waste will be immobilized in a waste form suitable for on-site. This paper reviews recent developments in the application of pretreatment technologies to the processing of the DOE radioactive tank wastes. C1 [Lumetta, Gregg J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Wilmarth, William R.; Poirier, Michael R.; Thompson, Major C.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. [Johnson, Michael E.] CH2M Hill Plateau Remediat Co, Richland, WA USA. [Suggs, Patricia C.] US DOE, Aiken, SC USA. [Machara, Nicholas P.] US DOE, Off Technol Innovat & Dev, Germantown, MD USA. RP Lumetta, GJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM gregg.lumetta@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Environmental Management; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830, DE-AC09-08SR22470] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Environmental Management. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. The Savannah River National Laboratory is operated by the Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, LLC under contract DE-AC09-08SR22470 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 120 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 8 U2 53 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2011 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 48 AR PII 933157750 DI 10.1080/07366299.2011.539134 PG 48 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 717FQ UT WOS:000287029300001 ER PT J AU Swancutt, KL Cullen, TD Mezyk, SP Elias, G Bauer, WF Ball, RD Peterman, DR Riddle, CL Mincher, BJ Muller, JJ AF Swancutt, Katy L. Cullen, Thomas D. Mezyk, Stephen P. Elias, Gracy Bauer, William F. Ball, R. Duane Peterman, Dean R. Riddle, Catherine L. Mincher, Bruce J. Muller, James J. TI The Radiation Chemistry of the Cs-7SB Modifier used in Cs and Sr Solvent Extraction SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE Cs-7SB; fission product extraction; free radicals; G-values; nitration; radiation chemistry; solvent extraction ID PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; NITRIC-ACID; HYDRATED ELECTRONS; TRIBUTYL-PHOSPHATE; RATE CONSTANTS; NITRATION; CESIUM; IRRADIATION; REACTIVITY; RADICALS AB The compound 1-(2,2,3,3,-tetrafluoropropoxy)-3-(4-sec-butylphenoxy)-2-propanol, also called Cs-7SB, is used as a solvent modifier in formulations containing calixarenes and crown ethers for cesium and strontium extraction from nuclear waste solutions. The compound solvates complexes of both metals and decreases in its concentration result in lowered extraction efficiency for both. The use of Cs-7SB in nuclear-solvent extraction ensures that it will be exposed to high-radiation doses, and thus its radiation-chemical robustness is a matter of interest in the design of extraction systems employing it. The behavior of the compound in irradiated solution, both in the presence and absence of a nitric acid aqueous phase was investigated here using steady state- and pulsed-radiolysis techniques. The rate constants for the aqueous reactions of Cs-7SB with center dot H, center dot OH, center dot NO3, and center dot NO2 radicals are reported. UPLC-UV-MS results were used to identify major products of the radiolysis of Cs-7SB in contact with nitric acid, and revealed the production of hydroxylated nitro-derivatives. Reaction mechanisms are proposed and it was concluded that the aryl-ether configuration of this molecule makes it especially susceptible to nitration in the presence of radiolytically-produced nitrous acid. Fluoride yields are also given under various conditions. C1 [Peterman, Dean R.; Riddle, Catherine L.; Mincher, Bruce J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Aqueous Separat & Radiochem Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Swancutt, Katy L.; Cullen, Thomas D.; Mezyk, Stephen P.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Chem & Biochem, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Elias, Gracy; Bauer, William F.; Ball, R. Duane] Idaho Natl Lab, Chem & Radiat Measurements Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Muller, James J.] Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Mincher, BJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Aqueous Separat & Radiochem Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM smezyk@csulb.edu; bruce.mincher@inl.gov RI Ball, Richard/B-8150-2017; Bauer, William/B-8357-2016; Mincher, Bruce/C-7758-2017; OI Ball, Richard/0000-0002-4798-6044; Bauer, William/0000-0002-7190-9700; Riddle, Catherine/0000-0002-9667-7707 FU U.S. Department of Energy through DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-05ID14517]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX The work reported in this manuscript was primarily funded by the U.S. Department of Energy through DOE Idaho Operations Office contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Kinetic measurements were performed at the Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, which is supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2011 VL 29 IS 1 BP 106 EP 127 AR PII 933185181 DI 10.1080/07366299.2011.539151 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 717FQ UT WOS:000287029300005 ER PT J AU Aguirre, B Vemuri, RS Zubia, D Engelhard, MH Shutthananadan, V Bharathi, KK Ramana, CV AF Aguirre, B. Vemuri, R. S. Zubia, D. Engelhard, M. H. Shutthananadan, V. Bharathi, K. Kamala Ramana, C. V. TI Growth, microstructure and electrical properties of sputter-deposited hafnium oxide (HfO2) thin films grown using a HfO2 ceramic target SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hafnium oxide; Thin films; Microstructure; Dielectric constant ID DIELECTRICS; LAYER AB Hafnium oxide (HfO2) thin films have been made by radio-frequency (rf) magnetron-sputtering onto Si(1 0 0) substrates under varying growth temperature (T-s). HfO2 ceramic target has been employed for sputtering while varying the T-s from room temperature to 500 degrees C during deposition. The effect of T-s on the growth and microstructure of deposited HfO2 films has been studied using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). The results indicate that the effect of T-s is significant on the growth, surface and interface structure, morphology and chemical composition of the HfO2 films. Structural characterization indicates that the HfO2 films grown at T-s < 200 degrees C are amorphous while films grown at T-s > 200 degrees C are nanocrystalline. An amorphous-to-crystalline transition occurs at T-s = 200 degrees C. Nanocrystalline HfO2 films crystallized in a monoclinic structure with a (-1 1 1) orientation. An interface layer (IL) formation occurs due to reaction at the HfO2-Si interface for HfO2 films deposited at T-s > 200 degrees C. The thickness of IL increases with increasing T-s. EDS at the HfO2-Si cross-section indicate that the IL is a (Hf, Si)-O compound. The electrical characterization using capacitance-voltage measurements indicate that the dielectric constant decreases from 25 to 16 with increasing T-s. The current-voltage characteristics indicate that the leakage current increases significantly with increasing T-s due to increased ILs. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bharathi, K. Kamala; Ramana, C. V.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Mech Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Engelhard, M. H.; Shutthananadan, V.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, EMSL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Aguirre, B.; Vemuri, R. S.; Zubia, D.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Elect Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Ramana, CV (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Mech Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM rvchintalapalle@utep.edu RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; OI Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 FU UTEP-URI; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Louis Stokes Alliances FX One of us (CVR) acknowledges with pleasure the support of UTEP-URI grant. A portion of the research was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. One of us (BA) sincerely thanks the support of Louis Stokes Alliances for Minority Participation Bridge to the Doctorate (LSAMP BD) program. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 257 IS 6 BP 2197 EP 2202 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.09.072 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 695YK UT WOS:000285408700065 ER PT J AU Hillegonds, DJ Pan, CX Lara, PN AF Hillegonds, D. J. Pan, C. -X. Lara, P. N., Jr. TI Calcium metabolism in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients: Development of a quantitative urinary assay for extent of bone metastasis SO BONE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th International Conference on Cancer - Induced Bone Disease CY SEP 22-25, 2010 CL Sheffield, ENGLAND SP Canc & Bone Soc (CABS), Int Bone & Mineral Soc (IBMS), Bone & Canc Fdn (BCF), European Calcified Tissue Soc (ECTS) C1 [Hillegonds, D. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Livermore, CA USA. [Pan, C. -X.; Lara, P. N., Jr.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis Canc Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 48 IS 1 SI SI BP S54 EP S54 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2010.10.156 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 705IL UT WOS:000286122000154 ER PT J AU Liu, J Kang, ZB Wang, EK AF Liu Jia Kang Zhong-Bo Wang En-ke TI Recursive method for opacity expansion at finite temperature SO CHINESE PHYSICS C LA English DT Article DE jet-quenching; non-abelian energy loss; opacity expansion; detailed balance ID ABELIAN ENERGY-LOSS; GLUON RADIATION; BREMSSTRAHLUNG; QCD AB Using a reaction operator approach, we derive the multiple-scattering induced gluon number distribution function to all orders in powers of opacity at finite temperature. The detailed balance effect is analyzed by taking into account both gluon emission and absorption in a thermal medium. We also calculate virtual corrections and show that the infrared divergence cancels out in the gluon distribution function at finite temperature. C1 [Liu Jia; Wang En-ke] Huazhong Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Liu Jia; Wang En-ke] Huazhong Normal Univ, Key Lab Quark & Lepton Phys, Minist Educ, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Kang Zhong-Bo] RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Huazhong Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. EM liujia@iopp.ccnu.edu.cn; zkang@bnl.gov; wangek@iopp.ccnu.edu.cn RI Kang, Zhongbo/P-3645-2014 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [10825523, 10635020, 10875052]; MOE of China [IRT0624]; MOST of China [2008CB317106]; MOE; SAFEA of China [PITDU-B08033] FX Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (10825523, 10635020, 10875052), MOE of China(IRT0624), MOST of China(2008CB317106) and MOE and SAFEA of China under Project (PITDU-B08033) NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHINESE PHYSICAL SOC PI BEIJING PA P O BOX 603, BEIJING 100080, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-1137 J9 CHINESE PHYS C JI Chin. Phys. C PD JAN PY 2011 VL 35 IS 1 BP 44 EP 49 DI 10.1088/1674-1137/35/1/010 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 710XR UT WOS:000286550800010 ER PT J AU Cardoso, MB Smolensky, D Heller, WT Hong, KL O'Neill, H AF Cardoso, Mateus B. Smolensky, Dmitriy Heller, William T. Hong, Kunlun O'Neill, Hugh TI Supramolecular assembly of biohybrid photoconversion systems SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-HARVESTING-COMPLEX; A/B-PROTEIN COMPLEX; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; LINEAR DICHROISM; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; SOLAR-ENERGY; PHOTOSYNTHETIC MEMBRANE; STRUCTURAL FLEXIBILITY; SPINACH-CHLOROPLASTS; LHC-II AB Self-assembled membrane architectures have great potential for the development of materials for the conversion of solar energy into electricity or fuels. Discovering the design principles that promote self-assembly in natural photosynthetic systems may provide inspiration for the development of synthetic solar conversion systems. We report for the first time that naturally occurring light harvesting antennae can alter the phase behavior of a poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer system from micellar to lamellar structures mimicking their role in maintaining the supramolecular architecture of the photosynthetic membrane. Small-angle neutron scattering shows that PEO43-PPO16-PEO43 micelles undergo a phase transition from a micellar state to a lamellar structure with a similar to 60 angstrom spatial repetition in the presence of plant light harvesting complex II (LHCII). In addition, spectrophotometric analysis indicates that the protein self-assembles in the synthetic membrane structure. Photodependent hydrogen production mediated by LHCII embedded in the block copolymer had a maximum rate of 6.4 mmol h(-1) per mg chlorophyll. The production of H-2 was sustained for greater than 100 hours showing the potential of this approach for the development of self-assembled bioinspired photoconversion systems. Although excited energy transfer is the primary function of LHCII, this work provides evidence that the protein complex can also perform electron transfer, a role not known to occur in vivo. The significance of this work is that it provides a novel approach for developing a new class of membrane-based smart material with a well-controlled architecture that is dependent on the assembly of interacting components, and it could also have important implications in self-repair and control of energy transfer in photoconversion devices. C1 [Cardoso, Mateus B.; Smolensky, Dmitriy; Heller, William T.; O'Neill, Hugh] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Ctr Struct Mol Biol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hong, Kunlun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cardoso, MB (reprint author), LNLS, Caixa Postal 6192, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM oneillhm@ornl.gov RI Cardoso, Mateus/A-7926-2015; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015; OI Cardoso, Mateus/0000-0003-2102-1225; Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111; O'Neill, Hugh/0000-0003-2966-5527 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; ORNL's Center for Structural Molecular Biology [ERKP291]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research, US DOE; DOE Science Undergraduate Laboratory; E.I. DuPont de Nemours Co.; Dow Chemical Company; State of Illinois; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Capes-Brazil FX This research was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy (DOE) under contract no. DE-AC05-00OR22725. The authors also acknowledge ORNL's Center for Structural Molecular Biology (Project ERKP291) supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, US DOE. D.S. was supported by a DOE Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship and Higher Education Research Experience internship managed by Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education. Part of this work was performed at the DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team (DND-CAT) located at Sector 5 of the Advanced Photon Source (APS). DND-CAT is supported by E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., The Dow Chemical Company and the State of Illinois. Use of the APS was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. M.B.C. thanks Capes-Brazil for the support. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 43 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1039/c0ee00369g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 700MV UT WOS:000285748400016 ER PT J AU Apte, JS Kirchstetter, TW Marshal, JD Nazaroff, WW AF Apte, Joshua S. Kirchstetter, Thomas W. Marshal, Julian D. Nazaroff, William W. TI Commuter Exposure to Vehicle Exhaust Plumes in New Delhi, India SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Conference of International-Society-of-Exposure-Science/International-Society-for-Envi ronmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2010 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Soc Exposure Sci, Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Apte, Joshua S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kirchstetter, Thomas W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Atmospher Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marshal, Julian D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Nazaroff, William W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Nazaroff, William/C-4106-2008 OI Nazaroff, William/0000-0001-5645-3357 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1044-3983 EI 1531-5487 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 2011 VL 22 IS 1 SU S BP S146 EP S146 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000392120.49987.81 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 695VN UT WOS:000285400800428 ER PT J AU Apte, M Apte, J AF Apte, Michael Apte, Joshua TI A Study of the Effectiveness of Indoor Plants for Removal of Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Air in a 7-story Office Building SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Conference of International-Society-of-Exposure-Science/International-Society-for-Envi ronmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2010 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Soc Exposure Sci, Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Apte, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Apte, Joshua] Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1044-3983 EI 1531-5487 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 2011 VL 22 IS 1 SU S BP S46 EP S46 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000391801.92289.87 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 695VN UT WOS:000285400800109 ER PT J AU Apte, M Bennett, D Trout, A Sullivan, D Faulkner, D AF Apte, Michael Bennett, Deborah Trout, Amber Sullivan, Douglas Faulkner, David TI Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality in 40 Small and Medium Sized Commercial Buildings in California: Ventilation Measurements Methods and Findings SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Conference of International-Society-of-Exposure-Science/International-Society-for-Envi ronmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2010 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Soc Exposure Sci, Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Apte, Michael; Sullivan, Douglas; Faulkner, David] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bennett, Deborah; Trout, Amber] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1044-3983 EI 1531-5487 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 2011 VL 22 IS 1 SU S BP S36 EP S36 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000391769.09323.e9 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 695VN UT WOS:000285400800077 ER PT J AU Baxter, L Barzyk, T Burke, J Turpin, B Rich, D Lunden, M Hodas, N Ozkaynak, H AF Baxter, Lisa Barzyk, Timothy Burke, Janet Turpin, Barbara Rich, David Lunden, Melissa Hodas, Natasha Ozkaynak, Haluk TI Comparison of Exposures Estimated Using Ambient PM2.5 Concentrations With Those Estimated by the Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation Model for Two New Jersey Cohorts SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Conference of International-Society-of-Exposure-Science/International-Society-for-Envi ronmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2010 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Soc Exposure Sci, Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Baxter, Lisa; Barzyk, Timothy; Burke, Janet; Ozkaynak, Haluk] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Rich, David] UMDNJ Sch Publ Hlth, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Turpin, Barbara; Hodas, Natasha] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Lunden, Melissa] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1044-3983 EI 1531-5487 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 2011 VL 22 IS 1 SU S BP S31 EP S31 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000391753.17840.56 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 695VN UT WOS:000285400800061 ER PT J AU Bennett, D Apte, M Trout, A Powers, M Maddalena, R Russell, M AF Bennett, Deborah Apte, Michael Trout, Amber Powers, Michael Maddalena, Randy Russell, Marion TI Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality in 40 Small and Medium Sized Commercial Buildings in California: Indoor Air Quality Methods and Findings SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Conference of International-Society-of-Exposure-Science/International-Society-for-Envi ronmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2010 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Soc Exposure Sci, Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Bennett, Deborah; Trout, Amber; Powers, Michael] UC Davis, Davis, CA USA. [Apte, Michael; Maddalena, Randy; Russell, Marion] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1044-3983 EI 1531-5487 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 2011 VL 22 IS 1 SU S BP S44 EP S44 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000391797.07538.a2 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 695VN UT WOS:000285400800105 ER PT J AU Meyer, A Parvez, S Rivera-Nunez, Z Wright, M AF Meyer, Amy Parvez, Shahid Rivera-Nunez, Zorimar Wright, Michael TI Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Variability in Disinfection By-product Concentrations for Exposure Assessment Applications SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Conference of International-Society-of-Exposure-Science/International-Society-for-Envi ronmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2010 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Soc Exposure Sci, Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Meyer, Amy] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Parvez, Shahid; Rivera-Nunez, Zorimar] CNR, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Wright, Michael] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RI Parvez, Shahid/J-3390-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1044-3983 EI 1531-5487 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 2011 VL 22 IS 1 SU S BP S97 EP S97 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000391963.03834.2f PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 695VN UT WOS:000285400800271 ER PT J AU Rich, D Kamat, L Ohman-Strickland, P Ozkaynak, H Lunden, M Barzyk, T Burke, J Baxter, L Hodas, N Turpin, B AF Rich, David Kamat, Leena Ohman-Strickland, Pamela Ozkaynak, Haluk Lunden, Melissa Barzyk, Timothy Burke, Janet Baxter, Lisa Hodas, Natasha Turpin, Barbara TI Application of Refined Exposure Surrogates in Ambient PM2.5 Epidemiology Studies: Accounting for Temporal/Spatial Variations in Particulate Matter Infiltration SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Conference of International-Society-of-Exposure-Science/International-Society-for-Envi ronmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2010 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Soc Exposure Sci, Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Rich, David; Kamat, Leena; Ohman-Strickland, Pamela] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Sch Publ Hlth, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Ozkaynak, Haluk; Barzyk, Timothy; Burke, Janet; Baxter, Lisa] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Lunden, Melissa] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Berkeley, CA USA. [Hodas, Natasha; Turpin, Barbara] Rutgers State Univ, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1044-3983 EI 1531-5487 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 2011 VL 22 IS 1 SU S BP S31 EP S31 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000391754.17840.98 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 695VN UT WOS:000285400800062 ER PT J AU Massoudi, M Mehrabadi, MM AF Massoudi, Mehrdad Mehrabadi, Morteza M. TI Implicit constitutive relations in thermoelasticity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NON-LINEAR MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Heat flux vector; Implicit constitutive relation; Conduction; Fourier s law; Thermoelasticity ID HEAT-FLUX VECTOR; FLOWING GRANULAR-MATERIALS; GENERALIZED THERMOELASTICITY; INHOMOGENEOUS DEFORMATIONS; NONDISSIPATIVE SOLIDS; CONDUCTION EQUATION; ENERGY-DISSIPATION; FOURIERS LAW; ELASTICITY; CONSTRAINTS AB In this paper after a brief discussion on the implicit constitutive relations used in thermoelasticity based on Fox s [1] work we derive a general implicit relation for the heat flux vector In the section following that we use the methodology suggested by Rajagopal [2 69] whereby we derive a class of implicit constitutive relations for q and we show that by selecting appropriate functions appearing in the formulation we can obtain as special cases the Fourier heat conduction and the Maxwell-Cattaneo-Fox model We do not discuss the implications of the second law of thermodynamics Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Massoudi, Mehrdad] US DOE, NETL, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Mehrabadi, Morteza M.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Massoudi, M (reprint author), US DOE, NETL, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7462 J9 INT J NONLIN MECH JI Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 46 IS 1 BP 286 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2010.09.009 PG 5 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 702NR UT WOS:000285901900028 ER PT J AU Frear, C Wang, ZW Li, CL Chen, SL AF Frear, Craig Wang, Zhi-Wu Li, Chenlin Chen, Shulin TI Biogas potential and microbial population distributions in flushed dairy manure and implications on anaerobic digestion technology SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dairy manure; anaerobic digestion; methanogen; selection pressure; biofilm ID WASTE-WATER; BACTERIAL-POPULATIONS; AEROBIC GRANULATION; ACETATE; STRAW; RUMEN; IDENTIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; GRANULES; REACTORS AB BACKGROUND: There remain technological deficiencies in the economical anaerobic digestion of the entire flow of flushed dairy manure on farms within cold climates. In order to develop an anaerobic digester tailored for this purpose, this study investigated the distributions of biomass and biogas generated in three particle-size-characterized zones of flushed dairy manure. RESULTS: Results demonstrate that comparable biogas generations are equally distributed between the solids and liquid phases of flushed dairy manure, implying that at least 50% of methane generation might be lost when utilizing existing processes that only selectively handle the liquid or solids phases. Microscopic and kinetic studies show that the majority of microorganisms in the manure are attached to the surface of undigested dairy manure fibrous solids. In particular, greater than 70% of acetate-utilizing methanogens were found closely associated with the indigestible solids. This high microbial affinity to the dairy manure solids phase can be traced back to the selection pressure driven bacterial immobilization mechanism in cattle rumen. CONCLUSION: This study shows that dairy manure fibrous solids have the potential to act as effective natural biomass carriers for high rate and simultaneous methanation of both solids and liquid phases of flushed dairy manure in one digester. (C) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Wang, Zhi-Wu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Frear, Craig; Chen, Shulin] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Li, Chenlin] Joint Bioenergy Inst, Deconstruct Div, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. RP Wang, ZW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wangz2@ornl.gov RI Wang, Zhi-Wu/B-5552-2009; OI Li, Chenlin/0000-0002-0793-0505 FU Paul Allen Family Foundation; Washington State Department of Ecology; Washington State Department of Agriculture; Washington Technology Center; Washington State University Agricultural Research Center FX The authors gratefully thank the Paul Allen Family Foundation, the Washington State Department of Ecology, the Washington State Department of Agriculture, the Washington Technology Center, and the Washington State University Agricultural Research Center for their financial support. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 36 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0268-2575 J9 J CHEM TECHNOL BIOT JI J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 86 IS 1 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1002/jctb.2484 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering GA 707MW UT WOS:000286291700022 ER PT J AU van Dam, HJJ Vishnu, A de Jong, WA AF van Dam, Hubertus J. J. Vishnu, Abhinav de Jong, Wibe A. TI Designing a Scalable Fault Tolerance Model for High Performance Computational Chemistry: A Case Study with Coupled Cluster Perturbative Triples SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-CHEMISTRY; PARALLEL COMPUTERS; MOLECULAR SYSTEMS; PROGRAMMING-MODEL; GLOBAL ARRAYS; PACKAGE; ALGORITHMS; NWCHEM AB In the past couple of decades, the massive computational power provided by the most modern supercomputers has resulted in simulation of higher-order computational chemistry methods, previously considered intractable. As the system sizes continue to increase, the computational chemistry domain continues to escalate this trend using parallel computing with programming models such as Message Passing Interface (MPI) and Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) programming models such as Global Arrays. The ever increasing scale of these supercomputers comes at a cost of reduced Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF), currently on the order of days and projected to be on the order of hours for upcoming extreme scale systems. While traditional disk-based check pointing methods are ubiquitous for storing intermediate solutions, they suffer from high overhead of writing and recovering from checkpoints. In practice, checkpointing itself often brings the system down. Clearly, methods beyond checkpointing are imperative to handling the aggravating issue of reducing MTBF. In this paper, we address this challenge by designing and implementing an efficient fault tolerant version of the Coupled Cluster (CC) method with NWChem, using in-memory data redundancy. We present the challenges associated with our design, including an efficient data storage model, maintenance of at least one consistent data copy, and the recovery process. Our performance evaluation without faults shows that the current design exhibits a small overhead. In the presence of a simulated fault, the proposed design incurs negligible overhead in comparison to the state of the art implementation without faults. C1 [van Dam, Hubertus J. J.; Vishnu, Abhinav; de Jong, Wibe A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP van Dam, HJJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Hubertus.vanDam@pnl.gov; Abhinav.Vishnu@pnl.gov; Wibe.deJong@pnl.gov RI DE JONG, WIBE/A-5443-2008; OI DE JONG, WIBE/0000-0002-7114-8315; van Dam, Hubertus Johannes Jacobus/0000-0002-0876-3294 FU eXtreme Scale Computing Initiative at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work was supported by the eXtreme Scale Computing Initiative at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle. This work was done in part using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 7 IS 1 BP 66 EP 75 DI 10.1021/ct100439u PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 703PI UT WOS:000285990300008 PM 26606219 ER PT J AU Landa, A Soderlind, P Turchi, PEA Vitos, L Peil, OE Ruban, AV AF Landa, A. Soederlind, P. Turchi, P. E. A. Vitos, L. Peil, O. E. Ruban, A. V. TI Density-functional study of bcc Pu-U, Pu-Np, Pu-Am, and Pu-Cm alloys SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CONSTITUENT REDISTRIBUTION; PHASE-DIAGRAM; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT; ACTINIDE ALLOYS; MINOR ACTINIDES; BRILLOUIN-ZONE; SPECIAL POINTS; METALLIC FUEL; ZR ALLOYS; DELTA-PU AB Density-functional theory previously used to describe phase equilibria in the gamma-Pu-U-Zr alloys [A. Landa, P. Soderlind, PEA. Turchi, L. Vitos, A. Ruban, J. Nucl. Mater. 385 (2009) 68; A. Landa, P. Soderlind, PEA. Turchi, L. Vitos, A. Ruban, J. Nucl. Mater. 393 (2009) 141], is extended to study ground-state properties of the gamma-Pu-Np, gamma-Pu-Am, and gamma-Pu-Cm solid solutions. Calculated heats of formation are compared with CALPHAD assessments where possible. We discuss how the heat of formation correlates with the charge transfer between the alloy components. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Landa, A.; Soederlind, P.; Turchi, P. E. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Vitos, L.; Peil, O. E.; Ruban, A. V.] Royal Inst Technol, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Vitos, L.] Uppsala Univ, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. [Peil, O. E.] Univ Hamburg, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany. RP Landa, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM landa1@llnl.gov RI Ruban, Andrei/B-7457-2012 FU US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Swedish Research Council (VR) FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Support from the Swedish Research Council (VR) is gratefully acknowledged by L.V., O.E.P., and A.V.R. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 408 IS 1 BP 61 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.10.066 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 710VH UT WOS:000286544600010 ER PT J AU Allred, JM Wang, LM Khalifah, P Cava, RJ AF Allred, J. M. Wang, L. M. Khalifah, P. Cava, R. J. TI Na27Ru14O48: A new mixed-valence sodium ruthenate with magnetic heptameric plaquettes SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ruthenates; Na27Ru14O48; Magnetic properties; Single crystal diffraction ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; NA3RUO4; NA2RUO4 AB Na27Ru14O48 has been synthesized in air at 700 C. The composition and crystal structure of the phase were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The triclinic crystal structure contains isolated planar Ru7O24 plaquettes made from seven edge-sharing RuO6 octahedra. The complex Na:Ru ratio is a result of tilting of the plaquettes to disrupt the packing of nominally hexagonal close packed planes made of Na ions and RuO6 octrahedra. Resistivity measurements show that the material is semiconducting with an activation energy of 0.53 eV. The observed magnetic moment of 3.11 mu(B) per Ru is lower than the expected spin only value, but is within the range seen in other compounds and is too large to indicate that the fundamental magnetic entities are the isolated Ru7O24 plaquettes. Small, reproducible deviations in the Curie-Weiss behavior occur below 200 K and the onset of a broad magnetic transition is seen between 40 and 32 K. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Allred, J. M.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Wang, L. M.; Khalifah, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Khalifah, P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11974 USA. RP Allred, JM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM jallred@princeton.edu RI Allred, Jared/N-4719-2014 OI Allred, Jared/0000-0002-5953-300X FU National Science Foundation [NSF DMR-0703095] FX J.M. Allred gratefully acknowledges helpful discussions with Dr. Shuang Jia, Dr. S.E. Dutton, and Prof. B.C. Chan. We would also like to thank J. Hanson for access to beamline X7B on the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Lab, where preliminary data sets were collected. This work was supported by the Solid State Chemistry program of the National Science Foundation, Grant NSF DMR-0703095. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 184 IS 1 BP 44 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2010.10.016 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 713YY UT WOS:000286774600007 ER PT J AU Wang, SL Singer, MA AF Wang, Stephen L. Singer, Michael A. TI Re: Toward an Optimal Position for Inferior Vena Cava Filters: Computational Modeling of the Impact of Renal Vein Inflow with the Celect and Trap Ease Filters Response SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID BLOOD-FLOW; HEMODYNAMICS; THROMBOSIS C1 [Wang, Stephen L.] Kaiser Permanente Santa Clara, Div Vasc & Intervent Radiol, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. [Singer, Michael A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA USA. RP Wang, SL (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente Santa Clara, Div Vasc & Intervent Radiol, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1051-0443 J9 J VASC INTERV RADIOL JI J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 22 IS 1 BP 103 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.jvir.2010.10.022 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 710VD UT WOS:000286544200019 ER PT J AU Janzen, HH Fixen, PE Franzluebbers, AJ Hattey, J Izaurralde, RC Ketterings, QM Lobb, DA Schlesinger, WH AF Janzen, H. H. Fixen, P. E. Franzluebbers, A. J. Hattey, J. Izaurralde, R. C. Ketterings, Q. M. Lobb, D. A. Schlesinger, W. H. TI Global Prospects Rooted in Soil Science SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID USE EFFICIENCY; WATER-USE; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; CURRENT KNOWLEDGE; CROP PRODUCTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOOD SECURITY; BIODIVERSITY; LAND; PRODUCTIVITY AB The biosphere, our fragile and exquisite home, is changing abruptly and irrevocably, largely from human interference. Most or all of the coming stresses have links to the land, so finding hopeful outcomes depend on wide and deep understanding of soils. In this review, we pose eight urgent issues confronting humanity in coming decades: demands for food, water, nutrients, and energy; and challenges of climate change, biodiversity, "waste" reuse, and global equity. We then suggest some steps soil scientists might take to address these questions: a refocusing of research, a broadening of vision, a renewed enticement of emerging scientists, and more lucid telling of past successes and future prospects. The questions posed and responses posited are incomplete and not yet fully refined. But the conversations they elicit may help direct soil science toward greater relevance in preserving our fragile home on this changing planet. C1 [Janzen, H. H.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. [Fixen, P. E.] Int Plant Nutr Inst, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Franzluebbers, A. J.] USDA ARS, Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Hattey, J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Plant & Soil Sci Dep, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Izaurralde, R. C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Izaurralde, R. C.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Ketterings, Q. M.] Cornell Univ, Dep Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lobb, D. A.] Univ Manitoba, Dep Soil Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Schlesinger, W. H.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RP Janzen, HH (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge Res Ctr, 5403 1st Ave S, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. EM henry.janzen@agr.gc.ca RI Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012; Hattey, Jeffory/E-8049-2012; OI Fixen, Paul/0000-0001-9555-6754 NR 92 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 39 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 75 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0216 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 698VG UT WOS:000285620700002 ER PT J AU Cropper, SC Perfect, E van den Berg, EH Mayes, MA AF Cropper, S. C. Perfect, E. van den Berg, E. H. Mayes, M. A. TI Comparison of Average and Point Capillary Pressure-Saturation Functions Determined by Steady-State Centrifugation SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER-RETENTION CURVE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SOIL; TRANSPORT AB The capillary pressure-saturation function can be determined from centrifuge drainage experiments. In soil physics, the data resulting from such experiments are usually analyzed by the "averaging method." In this approach, average relative saturation, < S >, is expressed as a function of average capillary pressure, , i.e., < S >(). In contrast, the capillary pressure-saturation function at a physical point, i.e., S(psi), has been extracted from similar experiments in petrophysics using the "integral method." The purpose of this study was to introduce the integral method applied to centrifuge experiments to a soil physics audience and to compare S(psi) and < S >() functions, as parameterized by the Brooks-Corey and van Genuchten equations, for 18 samples drawn from a range of porous media (i.e., Berea sandstone, glass beads, and Hanford sediments). Steady-state centrifuge experiments were performed on preconsolidated samples with a URC-628 Ultra-Rock Core centrifuge. The angular velocity and outflow data sets were then analyzed using both the averaging and integral methods. The results show that the averaging method smoothes out the drainage process, yielding less steep capillary pressure-saturation functions relative to the corresponding point-based curves. Maximum deviations in saturation between the two methods ranged from 0.08 to 0.28 and generally occurred at low suctions. These discrepancies can lead to inaccurate predictions of other hydraulic properties such as the relative permeability function. Therefore, we strongly recommend use of the integral method instead of the averaging method when determining the capillary pressure-saturation function by steady-state centrifugation. This method can be successfully implemented using either the van Genuchten or Brooks-Corey functions, although the latter provides a more physically precise description of air entry at a physical point. C1 [Cropper, S. C.; Perfect, E.] Univ Tennessee, Dep Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Cropper, S. C.] Volunteer State Community Coll, Div Math & Sci, Gallatin, TN 37066 USA. [van den Berg, E. H.] Schlumberger Water Serv UK Ltd, Shrewsbury SY1 2DP, Shrops, England. [Mayes, M. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Perfect, E (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dep Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM eperfect@utk.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research [ERSP-1027565]; National Science Foundation [EAR-IF-0343514] FX This research was partially supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research (ERSP-1027565) and the National Science Foundation (EAR-IF-0343514). NR 37 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 75 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0373 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 698VG UT WOS:000285620700004 ER PT J AU Zhang, LX Wei, SH AF Zhang, Lixin Wei, Su-Huai TI Spatial charge distribution and conductivities of the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces A theoretical study SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Complex oxides; Interface conductivity; First principles calculations ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ELECTRON GASES AB The electronic properties of the charge carriers at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces are investigated by first principles studies For the n-type Interface the carriers are located only on the SrTiO3 side For the p-type Interface the carriers are highly localized at the Interface A critical thickness of the LaAlO3 overlayer exists below which the interface is insulating Moreover we show that the effective masses and mobilities of the carriers are spatially anisotropic and have a strong disparity for the two types of carriers These results are consistent with experimental observations and are explained by the band structures and alignments of the consisting oxides and their interaction at the interfaces Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Zhang, Lixin] Nankai Univ, Sch Phys, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Lixin; Wei, Su-Huai] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zhang, LX (reprint author), Nankai Univ, Sch Phys, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. FU Nankai University in China; US DOE [DE-AC36-08GO28308] FX LZ is supported by the start-up grant from Nankai University in China and the work at NREL is supported by US DOE under contract No DE-AC36-08GO28308 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 151 IS 1 BP 21 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2010.10.033 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 699OZ UT WOS:000285674000006 ER PT J AU Haan, SW Salmonson, JD Clark, DS Ho, DD Hammel, BA Callahan, DA Cerjan, CJ Edwards, MJ Hatchett, SP Landen, OL Lindl, JD MacGowan, BJ Marinak, MM Munro, DH Robey, HF Spears, BK Suter, LJ Town, RP Weber, SV Wilson, DC AF Haan, S. W. Salmonson, J. D. Clark, D. S. Ho, D. D. Hammel, B. A. Callahan, D. A. Cerjan, C. J. Edwards, M. J. Hatchett, S. P. Landen, O. L. Lindl, J. D. MacGowan, B. J. Marinak, M. M. Munro, D. H. Robey, H. F. Spears, B. K. Suter, L. J. Town, R. P. Weber, S. V. Wilson, D. C. TI NIF IGNITION TARGET REQUIREMENTS, MARGINS, AND UNCERTAINTIES: STATUS FEBRUARY 2010 SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Target Fabrication Meeting CY FEB 21-26, 2010 CL Orlando, FL DE National Ignition Facility; target design; requirements ID CONFINEMENT FUSION-TARGETS; ENERGY; GAIN AB Targets intended to produce ignition on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) are being simulated, and the simulations are used to set specifications for target fabrication. Recent design work has focused on incorporating the implications of NIF experiments that were done in fall 2009 and planning for the campaign in 2010. Near-term experiments will use Ge-doped CH, although Be and diamond are still under active consideration for 2011 and beyond. The emphasis in this paper will be on changes in the requirements over the last year, the characteristics of the 2010 CH-ablator design, and the designs for 2011 and beyond. Capsule defects of particular interest are surface perturbations on the CH ablator and composition variations in the Be shells. Complete tables of specifications are regularly updated for all of the targets. All the specifications are rolled together into an error budget indicating adequate margin for ignition with all of the designs. C1 [Haan, S. W.; Salmonson, J. D.; Clark, D. S.; Ho, D. D.; Hammel, B. A.; Callahan, D. A.; Cerjan, C. J.; Edwards, M. J.; Hatchett, S. P.; Landen, O. L.; Lindl, J. D.; MacGowan, B. J.; Marinak, M. M.; Munro, D. H.; Robey, H. F.; Spears, B. K.; Suter, L. J.; Town, R. P.; Weber, S. V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Wilson, D. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Haan, SW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM haan1@llnl.gov NR 15 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 59 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 705PT UT WOS:000286150800003 ER PT J AU Huang, H Fallon, R Haan, SW Lee, YT Moreno, KA Nguyen, AQL Nikroo, A Sequoia, KL Stephens, RB Wu, JJ AF Huang, H. Fallon, R. Haan, S. W. Lee, Y. T. Moreno, K. A. Nguyen, A. Q. L. Nikroo, A. Sequoia, K. L. Stephens, R. B. Wu, J. J. TI METROLOGY STATISTICS FOR NIF TUNING CAMPAIGN SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Target Fabrication Meeting CY FEB 21-26, 2010 CL Orlando, FL DE metrology; NIF capsule; ablator ID ICF SHELLS; QUANTITATIVE RADIOGRAPHY; CALIBRATION; DOPANT AB Delivering targets whose parameters are repeatable within specifications is critical to a successful ignition campaign. Knowing the repeatability of the metrology techniques and determining random error bars is central in achieving this goal. In this paper, we will discuss the relationship of specifications and actual target variability to the processes we have developed to adequately characterize them. The paper covers five broad categories of capsule specifications: dimension, composition, homogeneity, surface finish, and point defects. The instruments include contact radiography, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray absorption edge spectroscopy, precision radiography system, sphere mapping, and phase-shifting diffraction interferometry. C1 [Huang, H.; Lee, Y. T.; Moreno, K. A.; Nguyen, A. Q. L.; Nikroo, A.; Sequoia, K. L.; Stephens, R. B.; Wu, J. J.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Fallon, R.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Haan, S. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Huang, H (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM huang@fusion.gat.com OI Stephens, Richard/0000-0002-7034-6141 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 59 IS 1 BP 26 EP 34 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 705PT UT WOS:000286150800006 ER PT J AU Babu, SS David, SA AF Babu, S. S. David, S. A. TI Advanced characterisation techniques to understand welded structures SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEAT-AFFECTED ZONE; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; OPTICAL OBSERVATION; WELDING PHENOMENA; ARC WELDS; METAL C1 [Babu, S. S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. [David, S. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Babu, SS (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. EM babu.13@osu.edu RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010 OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1179/136217110X12918228303775 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 710KA UT WOS:000286509300001 ER PT J AU Vitek, JM Babu, SS AF Vitek, J. M. Babu, S. S. TI Multiscale characterisation of weldments SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Review DE Characterisation; Optical microscopy; Electron microscopy; Atom probe microscopy; Mechanical properties; Nanoindentation ID DUCTILITY-DIP CRACKING; STRAY GRAIN FORMATION; FIELD-ION MICROSCOPY; IN-SITU OBSERVATION; STEEL WELD METALS; STAINLESS-STEEL; ATOM-PROBE; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; ACICULAR FERRITE; AGING BEHAVIOR AB In this review, a brief introduction to different multiscale characterisation techniques and their application to the characterisation of weldments is presented. The techniques are presented from a historical point of view. The techniques reviewed include optical microscopy, electron microscopy, atom probe field ion microscopy, microhardness mapping and nanoindentation. Although these techniques are discussed with examples from fusion welds, they can easily be applied to solid state welding processes. The paper also refers to other advanced characterisation techniques that are discussed in detail in other sections of this special issue. C1 [Vitek, J. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Babu, S. S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43016 USA. RP Vitek, JM (reprint author), 866 W Outer Dr, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM jmvitek@comcast.net RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010 OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579 NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 16 IS 1 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1179/1362171810Y.0000000003 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 710KA UT WOS:000286509300002 ER PT J AU Brzezinski, K Tomkiel, AM Lotowski, Z Morzycki, J Dauter, Z AF Brzezinski, Krzysztof Tomkiel, Aneta M. Lotowski, Zenon Morzycki, Jacek Dauter, Zbigniew TI Bis[3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-tris(4-nitrobenzoyloxy)-5 beta-cholan-24-yl] disulfide-ethyl acetate-n-hexane (4/4/1) SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID BILE-ACIDS; SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY; DERIVATIVES; STEROIDS AB The crystal structure of the title compound, C90H100N6O24S2 center dot C4H8O2 center dot 0.25C(6)H(14), solved and refined against synchrotron diffraction data, contains two formula units in the asymmetric unit with the all-trans n-hexane molecule having half-occupancy and one of the ethyl acetate molecules disordered over two positions. The two symmetry-independent disulfide molecules are assembled by approximate face-to-face and face-to-edge interactions between their 4-nitrobenzoyloxy groups into an intertwined dimer having a double-helix-type structure. The centrally placed disulfide bridges in the two symmetry-independent molecules exhibit different helicity as shown by the C-S-S-C torsion angles of 71.0 (1) and -92.5 (1)degrees. C1 [Brzezinski, Krzysztof; Dauter, Zbigniew] Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Canc Inst, MCL, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Tomkiel, Aneta M.; Lotowski, Zenon; Morzycki, Jacek] Univ Bialystok, Inst Chem, PL-15443 Bialystok, Poland. RP Brzezinski, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Canc Inst, MCL, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kbrzezinski@anl.gov FU University of Bialystok [BST-124]; NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research; US Department of Energy [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX Financial support from the University of Bialystok within the project BST-124 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research. X-ray data were collected at the NECAT 24ID-C beamline of the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. Use of the APS was supported by the US Department of Energy under contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD JAN PY 2011 VL 67 BP O74 EP U1990 DI 10.1107/S1600536810050385 PN 1 PG 48 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 698XQ UT WOS:000285628900170 ER PT J AU Andino, MY Wallace, RD Glauser, MN Camphouse, RC Schmit, RF Myatt, JH AF Andino, Marlyn Y. Wallace, Ryan D. Glauser, Mark N. Camphouse, R. Chris Schmit, Ryan F. Myatt, James H. TI Boundary Feedback Flow Control: Proportional Control with Potential Application to Aero-Optics SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 39th Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference CY JUN 23-26, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID LAYER AB A large percentage of the losses in performance and effectiveness of airborne optical systems are caused by turbulence. In an effort to reduce these adverse effects in airborne optical systems, we are exploring the use of both open- and closed-loop flow control over a cylindrical turret. A series of experiments were performed at a Reynolds number of 2 x 10(6), based on the turret's diameter and freestream velocity, which corresponds to a Mach number of 0.3. The three-dimensional turret contained an actuation system that consists of 17 synthetic jets placed upstream from the leading edge of the aperture. Initially, a large database containing no control and open-loop control was obtained. These data sets provide a rich ensemble for the development and application of a simple proportional closed-loop control with the use of proper orthogonal decomposition. Surface pressure measurements were acquired across the aperture region for all cases studied. Results from the open-loop test demonstrate a reduction of 19.6% in the root-mean-square values when compared to the baseline case. The closed-loop flow control results show that the root-mean-square pressure fluctuations are reduced by 25.7%, the integral scales are significantly reduced, and the flow is driven toward homogeneity. C1 [Andino, Marlyn Y.; Wallace, Ryan D.; Glauser, Mark N.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13211 USA. [Camphouse, R. Chris] Sandia Natl Labs, Performance Assessment & Decis Anal Dept, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. [Schmit, Ryan F.; Myatt, James H.] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Andino, MY (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13211 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 32 EP 40 DI 10.2514/1.44742 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 707RT UT WOS:000286304400002 ER PT J AU Huang, Y Xu, S Lin, VSY AF Huang, Yulin Xu, Shu Lin, Victor S. -Y. TI Changing from Symmetric to Asymmetric Simply by Immobilizing the Catalyst on Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle SO CHEMCATCHEM LA English DT Article DE asymmetric catalysis; enantioselectivity; mesoporous materials; rhodium; supported catalysts ID ORGANIC FUNCTIONALIZATION; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; CONDENSATION; NANOSPHERE; ENANTIOSELECTIVITY; MECHANISM; SOLIDS C1 [Huang, Yulin] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Huang, Y (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM ylhuang@iastate.edu FU U.S. DOE, office of BES [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX This research at Ames Laboratory was supported by the U.S. DOE, office of BES, under contract DE-AC02-07CH11358. We also thank Professor Robert J. Angelici at Iowa State University for his helpful suggestions concerning this work NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1867-3880 J9 CHEMCATCHEM JI ChemCatChem PD JAN PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1 BP 131 EP 134 DI 10.1002/cctc.201000294 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 702IT UT WOS:000285888500012 ER PT J AU Xu, TF Flapper, J AF Xu, Tengfang Flapper, Joris TI Reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions from global dairy processing facilities SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE Dairy process; Energy savings; Greenhouse gas ID MILK POWDER; GENERATION; INDUSTRY; FUEL AB Global butter, concentrated milk, and milk powder products use approximately 15% of annual raw milk production. Similar to cheese and fluid milk, dairy processing of these products can be energy intensive. In this paper, we analyzed production and energy data compiled through extensive literature reviews on butter, concentrated milk, milk and whey powder processing across various countries and plants. Magnitudes of national final and primary specific energy consumption (SEC) exhibited large variations across dairy products; in addition, the final SEC of individual plants and products exhibited significant variations within a country and between countries. Furthermore, we quantified national energy intensity indicators (Ells) accounting for dairy product mixes and technological advancement. The significant variations of SEC and Ell values indicate a high degree of likelihood that there is significant potential for energy savings in the global dairy processing industry. Based upon the study samples, we estimate potential energy savings for dairy processing industry in selected countries, and estimates annual reduction of 9-14 million metric-ton carbon-equivalent(1) could be achieved if measures are implemented to lower SEC values by 50-80% in half of global dairy plants. The paper calls for publication of more energy data from the dairy processing industry. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Tengfang; Flapper, Joris] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Int Energy Studies Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Flapper, Joris] Univ Groningen, Ctr Energy & Environm Studies, IVEM, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. RP Xu, TF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Int Energy Studies Grp, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ttxu@lbl.gov FU California Energy Commission [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This paper benefits from the BEST-Dairy project at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is funded by the California Energy Commission's Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) program under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD JAN PY 2011 VL 39 IS 1 BP 234 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.09.037 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 697DE UT WOS:000285492000021 ER PT J AU Garimella, RV AF Garimella, Rao V. TI Guest editorial: 17th International Meshing Roundtable Special Issue SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Garimella, RV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM rao@lanl.gov OI Garimella, Rao/0000-0002-3812-2105 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1007/s00366-010-0175-9 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 706NE UT WOS:000286224300001 ER PT J AU Hetmaniuk, U Knupp, P AF Hetmaniuk, U. Knupp, P. TI A mesh optimization algorithm to decrease the maximum interpolation error of linear triangular finite elements SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Meshing Roundtable CY OCT 12-15, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA ID ADAPTATION; ADAPTIVITY; CFD AB We present a mesh optimization algorithm for adaptively improving the finite element interpolation of a function of interest. The algorithm minimizes an objective function by swapping edges and moving nodes. Numerical experiments are performed on model problems. The results illustrate that the mesh optimization algorithm can reduce the W (1,a) semi-norm of the interpolation error. For these examples, the L (2), L (a), and H (1) norms decreased also. C1 [Hetmaniuk, U.] Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Knupp, P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hetmaniuk, U (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, POB 352420, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM hetmaniu@u.washington.edu; pknupp@sandia.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 3 EP 15 DI 10.1007/s00366-010-0176-8 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 706NE UT WOS:000286224300002 ER PT J AU Woodbury, AC Shepherd, JF Staten, ML Benzley, SE AF Woodbury, Adam C. Shepherd, Jason F. Staten, Matthew L. Benzley, Steven E. TI Localized coarsening of conforming all-hexahedral meshes SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Meshing Roundtable CY OCT 12-15, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA DE Hexahedral; Mesh; Coarsening; Simplification; Adaptivity; Refinement ID QUALITY METRICS; ADAPTATION; PARALLEL AB Finite element mesh adaptation methods can be used to improve the efficiency and accuracy of solutions to computational modeling problems. In many applications involving hexahedral meshes, localized modifications which preserve a conforming all-hexahedral mesh are desired. Effective hexahedral refinement methods that satisfy these criteria have recently become available; however, due to hexahedral mesh topology constraints, little progress has been made in the area of hexahedral coarsening. This paper presents a new method to locally coarsen conforming all-hexahedral meshes. The method works on both structured and unstructured meshes and is not based on undoing previous refinement. Building upon recent developments in quadrilateral coarsening, the method utilizes hexahedral sheet and column operations, including pillowing, column collapsing, and sheet extraction. A general algorithm for automated coarsening is presented and examples of models that have been coarsened with this new algorithm are shown. While results are promising, further work is needed to improve the automated process. C1 [Woodbury, Adam C.; Benzley, Steven E.] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Shepherd, Jason F.; Staten, Matthew L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Staten, Matthew L.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Benzley, SE (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM aw18@byu.net; jfsheph@sandia.gov; mlstate@sandia.gov; seb@byu.edu NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.1007/s00366-010-0183-9 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 706NE UT WOS:000286224300009 ER PT J AU Ogura, K Salazar-Villalpando, MD AF Ogura, Kotaro Salazar-Villalpando, Maria D. TI CO2 Electrochemical Reduction via Adsorbed Halide Anions SO JOM LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS HYDROGENCARBONATE SOLUTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; 3-PHASE INTERFACE; COPPER ELECTRODE; FORMIC-ACID; ETHYLENE; HYDROCARBONS; METHANE AB The electrochemical reduction of CO2 was studied utilizing halide ions as electrolytes, specifically, aqueous solutions of KCl, KBr, Kl. Electrochemical experiments were carried out in a laboratory-made, divided H-type cell. The working electrode was a copper mesh, while the counter and reference electrodes were a Pt wire and an Ag/AgCl electrode, respectively. The results of our work suggest a reaction mechanism for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 where the presence of Cu-X as the catalytic layer facilitates the electron transfer from the electrode to CO2. Electron-transfer to CO2 may occur via the X-ad(-)(Br-, Cl-, I-)-C bond, which is formed by the electron flow from the specifically adsorbed halide anion to the vacant orbital of CO2. The stronger the adsorption of the halide anion to the electrode, the more strongly CO2 is restrained, resulting in higher CO2 reduction current. Furthermore, it is suggested that specifically adsorbed halide anions could suppress the adsorption of protons; leading to a higher hydrogen overvoltage. These effects may synergistically mitigate the over potential necessary for CO2 reduction, and thus increase the rate of electrochemical CO2 reduction. C1 [Ogura, Kotaro] Yamaguchi Univ, Tokyo, Japan. [Salazar-Villalpando, Maria D.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Ogura, K (reprint author), Yamaguchi Univ, Tokyo, Japan. EM ko.ogura@nifty.com; maria.salazar@netl.doe.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JAN PY 2011 VL 63 IS 1 BP 35 EP 38 DI 10.1007/s11837-011-0009-2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 708II UT WOS:000286355100006 ER PT J AU Lee, Y Kouri, DJ Hoffman, DK AF Lee, Young Kouri, Donald J. Hoffman, David K. TI Minimum uncertainty wavelets in non-relativistic super-symmetric quantum mechanics SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mu-wavelets; Similarity transformations; Super-symmetric quantum mechanics; Coherent states; Ladder operators; Fermion sector; Boson sector ID SUPERCOHERENT STATES; PSEUDO-HERMITICITY; PT-SYMMETRY; SUPERSYMMETRY; COHERENT; BREAKING AB We consider the connection to the harmonic oscillator, super-symmetric quantum mechanics (SUSY-QM) and coherent states of the recently derived constrained Heisenberg "minimum uncertainty" (mu-) wavelets [Phys Rev Lett 85:5263 (2000); Phys Rev A65: 052106-1 (2002); J Phys Chem A107:7318 (2003)1 We analyze several new types of raising and lowering operators,which also can be viewed as arising from a (non-unitary) similarity transformation of the Harmonic Oscillator Hamiltonian and ladder operators. We show that these new ladder operators lead to a new SUSY formalism for harmonic oscillation, so that the A-wavelets naturally manifest SUSY properties. Using these new ladder operators, we construct coherent and supercoherent states for the oscillator. In the discussion, we consider possible implications of similarity transformations for quantum mechanics. In an appendix we consider the classical limit of the A-wavelet oscillator. C1 [Lee, Young] Texas So Univ, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Kouri, Donald J.] Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Kouri, Donald J.] Univ Houston, Dept Math, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Kouri, Donald J.] Univ Houston, Dept Mech Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Kouri, Donald J.] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Hoffman, David K.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hoffman, David K.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kouri, DJ (reprint author), Texas So Univ, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77004 USA. EM kouri@uh.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMS-0406748]; R. A. Welch Foundation [E-0608]; Texas Learning and Computation Center, University of Houston FX This paper is based on a thesis presented by Y. L. to the Physics Department of the University of Houston, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph. D. degree. We acknowledge helpful discussions with Dr. Bernhard G. Bodmann. Y.L. was supported under National Science Foundation Grant DMS-0406748 and R. A. Welch Foundation Grant E-0608. D.J.K. was supported under R. A. Welch Foundation Grant E-0608, National Science Foundation Grant DMS-0406748 and by the Texas Learning and Computation Center, University of Houston. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0259-9791 J9 J MATH CHEM JI J. Math. Chem. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 12 EP 34 DI 10.1007/s10910-010-9729-8 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Mathematics GA 708IV UT WOS:000286356400003 ER PT J AU Jain, D Rouhi, N Rutherglen, C Densmore, CG Doorn, SK Burke, PJ AF Jain, Dheeraj Rouhi, Nima Rutherglen, Christopher Densmore, Crystal G. Doorn, Stephen K. Burke, Peter J. TI Effect of Source, Surfactant, and Deposition Process on Electronic Properties of Nanotube Arrays SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Article ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; DIELECTROPHORESIS; TRANSISTORS AB The electronic properties of arrays of carbon nanotubes from several different sources differing in the manufacturing process used with a variety of average properties such as length, diameter, and chirality are studied. We used several common surfactants to disperse each of these nanotubes and then deposited them on Si wafers from their aqueous solutions using dielectrophoresis. Transport measurements were performed to compare and determine the effect of different surfactants, deposition processes, and synthesis processes on nanotubes synthesized using CVD, CoMoCAT, laser ablation, and HiPCO. C1 [Jain, Dheeraj; Rouhi, Nima; Rutherglen, Christopher; Burke, Peter J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Integrated Nanosyst Res Facil, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Densmore, Crystal G.; Doorn, Stephen K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Diagnost & Engn C CDE Grp, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Burke, Peter J.] Sunchon Natl Univ, Dept Printed Elect, Sunchon 540742, Jeonnam, South Korea. RP Burke, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Integrated Nanosyst Res Facil, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM pburke@uci.edu RI Rouhi, Nima/G-7817-2011; Jain, Dheeraj/E-3398-2012; Burke, Peter/F-3308-2010 FU National Science Foundation; Army Research Office; Office of Naval Research; Northrop Grumman; Korean National Science Foundation (KOSEF) World Class University (WCU) FX The authors would like to thank Jie Liu from Duke University for Raman spectroscopy. This work was funded by the National Science Foundation, Army Research Office, Office of Naval Research, Northrop Grumman, and Korean National Science Foundation (KOSEF) World Class University (WCU) program. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-4110 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2011 AR 174268 DI 10.1155/2011/174268 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 706YV UT WOS:000286254600001 ER PT J AU Matlis, NH Plateau, GR van Tilborg, J Leemans, WP AF Matlis, N. H. Plateau, G. R. van Tilborg, J. Leemans, W. P. TI Single-shot spatiotemporal measurements of ultrashort THz waveforms using temporal electric-field cross correlation SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TERAHERTZ PULSE MEASUREMENT; ELECTROOPTIC MEASUREMENT; SPECTROSCOPY; RADIATION; BEAMS AB A new single-shot technique based on linear spectral interferometry between a temporally short reader pulse and a temporally long probe pulse is demonstrated for measuring the spatiotemporal phase and amplitude of an optical probe for use as an ultrafast diagnostic. The probe spatiotemporal field information is recovered, with a resolution set by the duration of the reader pulse, by applying a single Fourier transform operation to the interferogram image, without need of any reference data. The technique was used in conjunction with electro-optic sampling to measure waveforms of coherent, ultrashort THz pulses emitted by electron bunches from a laser-plasma accelerator with sub- 50 fs resolution. The presence of strong spatiotemporal coupling in the THz waveforms and of complex temporal electron-bunch structure was determined. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Matlis, N. H.; Plateau, G. R.; van Tilborg, J.; Leemans, W. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Plateau, G. R.] Ecole Polytech, Palaiseau, France. RP Matlis, NH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM NHMatlis@lbl.gov FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, of the United States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors acknowledge Carl B. Schroeder, Kei Nakamura, Cameron G. R. Geddes, Anthony J. Gonsalves, Csaba Toth, and Eric H. Esarey for their valuable contributions. This work was supported by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, of the United States Department of Energy (DOE) under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 28 IS 1 BP 23 EP 27 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.28.000023 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 702BF UT WOS:000285868700004 ER PT J AU Bailey, BA Reese, MO Olson, DC Shaheen, SE Kopidakis, N AF Bailey, Brian A. Reese, Matthew O. Olson, Dana C. Shaheen, Sean E. Kopidakis, Nikos TI Air-processed organic photovoltaic devices fabricated with hot press lamination SO ORGANIC ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Lamination; Organic photovoltaics; Inverted OPV; PEDOT:PSS; P3HT; Sorbitol ID POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; PERFORMANCE AB A detailed method for air-processed, inverted Organic Photovoltaic (OPV) devices using lamination of the metal electrode with a doped conducting polymer adhesive is presented. A poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) - [6,6] phenyl C(61) butyric methyl ester (PCBM) bulk heterojunction is used, with a solution-processed ZnO electron collection layer. The top contact consists of modified polyethylene dioxythiophene: polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) that is spin-coated onto a Ag electrode, and the entire structure is laminated onto the active layer. Lamination produces devices with 3.19% power conversion efficiency at 1 sun illumination, which is higher than the value for control devices produced with the standard sequential process with an evaporated top metal electrode. The laminated interface yields an ohmic contact, as shown by the high fill factor and low series resistance of the laminated devices compared to devices with a thermally evaporated top metal electrode. We examine the lamination parameters and their effect on device performance, and we identify the treatment of the adhesion layer to be one of the more important parameters to control for efficient devices. The optimized protocol described here allows one to fabricate efficient inverted OPV devices in air, without the need for an expensive, high quality evaporation chamber for top contact deposition. (C) 2010 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Reese, Matthew O.; Olson, Dana C.; Kopidakis, Nikos] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Bailey, Brian A.; Shaheen, Sean E.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Kopidakis, N (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM nikos.kopidakis@nrel.gov RI Shaheen, Sean/M-7893-2013; Kopidakis, Nikos/N-4777-2015 FU Department of Energy's EERE Solar Technology Program through the National Center FX Funding of this work by the Department of Energy's EERE Solar Technology Program through the National Center for Photovoltaics Seed Fund Program is gratefully acknowledged. We would also like to thank the group of Dr. Arthur Frank for use of the hydraulic hot press. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-1199 J9 ORG ELECTRON JI Org. Electron. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 12 IS 1 BP 108 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.orgel.2010.10.008 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 699TB UT WOS:000285684600016 ER PT J AU Ko, JH Kim, HT Han, KH AF Ko, Jae-Heung Kim, Hyun-Tae Han, Kyung-Hwan TI Biotechnological improvement of lignocellulosic feedstock for enhanced biofuel productivity and processing SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS LA English DT Review DE Secondary wall; Biomass feedstock; Biofuel; Transcriptional regulator; Utility promoter ID CELL-WALL FORMATION; NAC TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; SECONDARY WALL; LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS; CELLULOSE SYNTHESIS; GLUCURONOXYLAN BIOSYNTHESIS; POPULUS-TRICHOCARPA; SUCROSE SYNTHASE; ARABIDOPSIS; GENES AB Secondary walls have recently drawn research interest as a primary source of sugars for liquid biofuel production. Secondary walls are composed of a complex mixture of the structural polymers cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. A matrix of hemicellulose and lignin surrounds the cellulose component of the plant's cell wall in order to protect the cell from enzymatic attacks. Such resistance, along with the variability seen in the proportions of the major components of the mixture, presents process design and operating challenges to the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fuel. Expanding bioenergy production to the commercial scale will require a significant improvement in the growth of feedstock as well as in its quality. Plant biotechnology offers an efficient means to create "targeted" changes in the chemical and physical properties of the resulting biomass through pathway-specific manipulation of metabolisms. The successful use of the genetic engineering approach largely depends on the development of two enabling tools: (1) the discovery of regulatory genes involved in key pathways that determine the quantity and quality of the biomass, and (2) utility promoters that can drive the expression of the introduced genes in a highly controlled manner spatially and/or temporally. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the transcriptional regulatory network that controls secondary wall biosynthesis and discuss experimental approaches to developing-xylem-specific utility promoters. C1 [Han, Kyung-Hwan] Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Bioenergy Sci & Technol WCU, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Kim, Hyun-Tae; Han, Kyung-Hwan] Michigan State Univ, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kim, Hyun-Tae; Han, Kyung-Hwan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kim, Hyun-Tae; Han, Kyung-Hwan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Ko, Jae-Heung] Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Plant & Environm New Resources, Yongin 446701, Gyeonggi, South Korea. RP Han, KH (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Bioenergy Sci & Technol WCU, 333 Yongbongro, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. EM hanky@msu.edu RI Han, Kyung-Hwan/G-6141-2012; Ko, Jae-Heung/A-3370-2013 OI Han, Kyung-Hwan/0000-0001-9481-4643; FU Kyung Hee University [KHU-20100611]; US Department of Energy (DOE) via the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center; USDA CSREES via Michigan State University; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Korea via the World Class University at Chonnam National University [R31-2009-000-20025-0] FX This work was supported by a grant from the Kyung Hee University (KHU-20100611) (J-H Ko); by the US Department of Energy (DOE) via the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, and by the USDA CSREES via the Eastern Hardwood Utilization Program at Michigan State University. This work was also funded in part by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Korea via the World Class University Project at Chonnam National University (R31-2009-000-20025-0). NR 54 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1863-5466 J9 PLANT BIOTECHNOL REP JI Plant Biotechnol. Rep. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1007/s11816-010-0159-7 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 707ZA UT WOS:000286328900001 ER PT J AU Reedy, ED AF Reedy, E. D., Jr. TI Singular Stress Fields at the Intersection of a Grain Boundary and a Stress-Free Edge in a Columnar Polycrystal SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB The singular stress field generated at the intersection of a grain boundary and a stress-free edge is investigated for a columnar polycrystal. An idealized, plane strain geometry that embeds four columnar cubic crystals within an effective isotropic media is analyzed. This idealized problem permits a detailed finite element analysis that can resolve the nature of stress singularities. Particular emphasis is placed on characterizing the magnitude of the stress fields and defining the size of the region dominated by the singularity. The effects of crystal and grain boundary orientation combinations and crystal properties are examined. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4002118] C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Reedy, ED (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM edreedy@sandia.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Co., for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2011 VL 78 IS 1 AR 014502 DI 10.1115/1.4002118 PG 4 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 674KC UT WOS:000283739400022 ER PT S AU Heldebrant, DJ Koech, PK Rainbolt, JE Zheng, F AF Heldebrant, David J. Koech, Phillip K. Rainbolt, James E. Zheng, Feng (Richard) BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI CO2-Binding Organic Liquids, an Integrated Acid Gas Capture System SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE CO2; SO2; CO2BOL; SO2 BOL; switchable ionic liquid ID CO2 ABSORPTION; IONIC LIQUIDS; SOLVENT AB Amine systems are effective for CO2 capture, but they are still inefficient because the solvent regeneration energy is largely defined by the amount of water in the process. Most amines form heat-stable salts with SO2 and COS resulting in parasitic solvent loss and degradation. Stripping the CO2-rich solvent is energy intensive it requires temperatures above 100 degrees C due to the high specific heat and heat of vaporization of water. CO2-capture processes can be much more energy efficient in a water free process. In addition, if the capture-material can be chemically compatible with other acid gases, less solvent would be lost to heat-stable salts and the process economics would be further improved. One such system that can address these concerns is Binding Organic Liquids (BOLs), a class of switchable ionic liquids. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Heldebrant, David J.; Koech, Phillip K.; Rainbolt, James E.; Zheng, Feng (Richard)] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Heldebrant, DJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Zheng, Feng/C-7678-2009; OI Zheng, Feng/0000-0002-5427-1303; Koech, Phillip/0000-0003-2996-0593 NR 14 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 216 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.01.044 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299700030 ER PT S AU Collett, JR Heck, RW Zwoster, AJ AF Collett, James R. Heck, Robert W. Zwoster, Andrew J. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Dissolved carbonic anhydrase for enhancing post-combustion carbon dioxide hydration in aqueous ammonia SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE CO2 capture; ammonia; enzyme; carbonic anhydrase ID CO2 ABSORPTION; CAPTURE; ENZYME AB Aqueous ammonia solvents that capture CO2 as ionic complexes of carbonates with ammonium have recently been advanced as alternatives to amine-based solvents due to their lower energy requirements for thermal regeneration. In ammonia based solvents, the hydration of CO2 to form bicarbonate may become a rate-limiting step as the CO2 loading increases and the resulting pH level of the solvent decreases. Variants of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase can accelerate the reversible hydration of CO2 to yield bicarbonate by more than 10(6)-fold. The possible benefit of bovine carbonic anhydrase (BCA) addition to solutions of aqueous ammonia to enhance CO2 hydration was investigated in semi-batch reactions within continuously stirred tank reactors or in a bubble column gas-liquid contactor. Adding 154 mg/liter of BCA to 2 M aqueous ammonia provided a 34.1% overall increase in the rate of CO2 hydration (as indicated by the production of [H+]) as the pH declined from 9.6 to 8.6 during sparging with a 15% CO2, 85% N-2 gas at a flow rate of 3 lpm. The benefits of adding BCA to enhance CO2 hydration were only discernable below similar to pH 9. The implications of the apparent pH limitations on the utility of BCA are discussed in the context of absorber unit operation design. Possible embodiments of carbonic anhydrase as either an immobilized catalyst or as a dissolved, recirculating catalyst in potential plant scale aqueous ammonia systems are considered as well. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Collett, James R.; Heck, Robert W.; Zwoster, Andrew J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Collett, JR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 909 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 240 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.01.047 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299700033 ER PT S AU Spadaccini, CM Mukerjee, EV Letts, SA Maiti, A O'Brien, KC AF Spadaccini, Christopher M. Mukerjee, Erik V. Letts, Stephan A. Maiti, Amitesh O'Brien, Kevin C. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Ultrathin polymer membranes for high throughput CO2 capture SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE carbon capture; polymer; membrane; post-combustion; vapor deposition AB Robust ultrathin polymer membranes offer significant technical and economic advantage over conventional carbon capture methods due to their potential for high throughput, high selectivity, and relative ease of implementation. We have been developing a simple, ultrathin, polymer membrane system to capture CO2 from post-combustion industrial exhaust streams. The approach involves nano-engineered membrane fabrication using an LLNL-developed solvent-less vapor deposition followed by in-situ polymerization (SLIP) process. The SLIP process vapor deposits ultrathin polymer films onto high throughput substrates to fabricate composite membranes. Single component gas permeation tests for PMDA-ODA films with thicknesses between 100-1000 nm were conducted. Permeability was found to be in the 30-100 Barrer range while maintaining CO2/N-2 selectivity of similar to 20:1. Membrane performance may be enhanced via improved film quality, reduced thickness, the development of new materials which are compatible with the SLIP process, and a modeling effort to understand the underlying transport phenomena within the membrane material. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Spadaccini, Christopher M.; Mukerjee, Erik V.; Letts, Stephan A.; Maiti, Amitesh] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [O'Brien, Kevin C.] LLC, Energy Commercializat, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA. RP Spadaccini, CM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM spadaccini2@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-PROC-451391] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-PROC-451391. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 731 EP 736 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.01.112 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299700098 ER PT S AU Wong, SE Lau, EY Kulik, HJ Satcher, JH Valdez, C Worsely, M Lightstone, FC Aines, R AF Wong, Sergio E. Lau, Edmond Y. Kulik, Heather J. Satcher, Joseph H. Valdez, Carlos Worsely, Marcus Lightstone, Felice C. Aines, Roger BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Designing small-molecule catalysts for CO2 capture SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE CO2 cycle; CO2 absorption; catalyst ID CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE; MODEL; HYDRATION; ZINC(II); DIOXIDE; COMPLEX; 1,5,9-TRIAZACYCLODODECANE; KINETICS; ENERGY AB One method for CO2 capture is to dissolve CO2 in water to form carbonic acid. This reaction (CO2 + H(2)0 -> H2CO3(aq)) is remarkably slow but is catalyzed in biological systems by an enzyme called carbonic anhydrase (CA). The catalyzed reaction is diffusion limited and occurs at near neutral pH. The enzyme catalytic center is composed of a Zn(II) ion that is coordinated by 3 histidine residues and an axial water/hydroxyl group. A nucleophilic attack by the hydroxyl group on the CO2 molecule is the first step in the reaction mechanism. Cu(II), Hg(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Mn(II) can bind the CA binding site and substitute the zinc ion; however, only Co(II) yields rates comparable to Zn(II). Unfortunately, an enzyme, such as carbonic anhydrase, is not amenable for industrial applications where a wide range of physico-chemical conditions exist. Enzymes are vulnerable to large pressures, high temperature, and high ionic strength. Efforts to isolate the key structural features responsible for catalysis led to the development of small-molecule mimetics of the CA catalytic site. These mimetics can, in turn, be used as catalyst for CO2 sequestration. Two of the fastest catalyst are the cyclic molecules: 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododedacane and 1,5,9-triazacyclododedacane (both complexed with a Zn(II) ion). Nitrogen atoms in these cyclic molecules mimic the imidazole nitrogens of the CA active site. It is possible to examine the energetics of these compounds using transition state theory for the purposes of designing more efficient catalysts. Transition state theory predicts that the reaction rate constant is proportional to exp(-E-a/kT), where E-a denotes the activation energy, k the Boltzmann constant, and T the temperature of the reaction. The activation energy is the energetic cost of forming the reaction transition state from the reactants. Ab initio calculations can yield the activation energy, which can, in principle, be used as a design metric for more efficient catalysts. Using this approach, the difference in kinetic rate constant between the tetra-and tri-aza dodecane catalysts can be determined. Furthermore, the rates of the corresponding Co(II) catalysts were explored. Our data suggests this is a viable method for the design of inorganic small-molecule catalysts. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wong, Sergio E.; Lau, Edmond Y.; Kulik, Heather J.; Satcher, Joseph H.; Valdez, Carlos; Worsely, Marcus; Lightstone, Felice C.; Aines, Roger] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wong, SE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Aines, Roger/A-2013-2013 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 817 EP 823 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.01.124 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299700110 ER PT S AU Miller, DC Eslick, JC Lee, A Morinelly, JE AF Miller, David C. Eslick, John C. Lee, Andrew Morinelly, Juan E. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI A modular framework for the analysis and optimization of power generation systems with CCS SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE CO2; carbon capture; fossil energy; process integration; process modeling; optimization ID FLUIDIZED-BEDS; CAPTURE AB A significant number of efforts are underway to develop and assess technologies that will lead to technically and economically viable routes to reduce the CO2 emissions of fossil energy systems, particularly coal-fired power plants. Developing technologies to reduce emissions from these sources is essential for controlling atmospheric levels of CO2 because of the widespread reliance on coal as an inexpensive and abundant energy source. Two major systems-level design challenges exist. The first is how to design new plants that incorporate CCS technology. The second is how to retrofit existing plants to capture CO2. Both design challenges can benefit from an optimization approach, which considers the application of multiple potential technologies and analyzes ways in which the whole plant-wide system can be integrated to increase overall efficiency. This paper will present a modular framework for the analysis and optimization of power generation systems with CCS that helps to meet these design challenges. In order to more completely understand the economic and operational tradeoffs associated with the various potential carbon capture technologies, and how they can be applied to new and existing plants, a unified, systemic framework has been developed to provide a common basis for evaluation. Given the complexity of the design problem and the fact that new technologies are continually being developed, this framework is modular in nature and incorporates algorithms for the selection, integration and optimization of carbon capture technologies for both new and existing plants. In addition to the framework itself, this paper discusses simulation modules representing various capture technologies and power plant components. The framework provides the means to link the various modules together in order to provide a holistic, systems perspective of plant wide operations. Results of analyses and optimization scenarios performed with the framework are also presented. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Miller, David C.; Eslick, John C.; Lee, Andrew; Morinelly, Juan E.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Miller, DC (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM david.miller@netl.doe.gov RI Lee, Andrew/B-7019-2014 OI Lee, Andrew/0000-0002-0631-2537 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 2082 EP 2089 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.091 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299702044 ER PT S AU Satcher, JH Baker, SE Kulik, HJ Valdez, CA Krueger, RL Lightstone, FC Aines, RD AF Satcher, J. H., Jr. Baker, S. E. Kulik, H. J. Valdez, C. A. Krueger, R. L. Lightstone, F. C. Aines, R. D. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Modeling, synthesis and characterization of zinc containing carbonic anhydrase active site mimics SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE post combustion; carbon capture; advanced solvents; enzyme mimics ID COMPLEX; HYDRATION; CO2; 1,5,9-TRIAZACYCLODODECANE; DIOXIDE AB Two structurally similar carbonic anhydrase active site mimics are explored computationally and experimentally in order to gain insight into the impact of subtle differences in scaffold structure on CO2 hydration rates. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Satcher, J. H., Jr.; Baker, S. E.; Kulik, H. J.; Valdez, C. A.; Krueger, R. L.; Lightstone, F. C.; Aines, R. D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Satcher, JH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Aines, Roger/A-2013-2013 NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 2090 EP 2095 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.092 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299702045 ER PT S AU Middleton, RS Bielicki, JM Keating, GN Pawar, RJ AF Middleton, Richard S. Bielicki, Jeffrey M. Keating, Gordon N. Pawar, Rajesh J. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Jumpstarting CCS using refinery CO2 for enhanced oil recovery SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE Carbon capture and storage; optimization; pipelines; enhanced oil recovery; networks; SimCCS AB Widespread adoption of carbon [dioxide] capture and storage (CCS) is limited by infrastructure, market, and cost barriers. Like most nascent technologies, it will be critical to overcome these barriers to fully realize the potential of CCS. Capturing CO2 from the oil refining process and using this CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is an appealing scenario for knocking down these barriers, jumpstarting a CCS industry, and driving down the cost of CCS technology. CO2 capture from oil refineries can be relatively inexpensive when compared to other stationary sources (supply), EOR provides a market for CO2 (demand), and the spatial proximity of oil fields and refineries reduces transportation issues (cost, right of way, etc.). The oil industry should play a key role in the evolution of CCS since it has vested interests and experience with capturing, transporting, and injecting (and storing) CO2 underground. In this paper we study the deployment of CCS infrastructure to support CO2 capture from the oil refining industry and EOR and long term geologic storage of the CO2 for the U.S. Gulf States. This region accounts for approximately 45% of U.S. refining capacity, a large percentage of active EOR projects, and an extensive network of pipeline rights-of-way (natural gas, crude and refined oil) including over 80% of the existing CO2 pipelines. Presently, the oil industry predominantly uses natural sources of CO2 for EOR; an obvious goal of integrating CCS technology into the oil industry is displace the natural CO2 sources with anthropogenic CO2. The region is also responsible for approximately 450 MtCO(2) emissions annually from fossil-fuel electricity generation; an oil industry-driven CO2 market and CCS infrastructure could provide the necessary stimulus for capturing this CO2 in the coming decades. Our approach uses an economic-engineering model to geospatially deploy CCS infrastructure (capture, transportation, and storage) in response to a price on CO2 or a desired CO2 capture amount. The model considers and integrates each of the interdependent CCS components. It calculates at which oil refineries it is cost-effective to capture CO2, where and how new CO2 pipelines should be networked together, and which EOR oil fields balance CCS costs and CO2 credit as well as providing the best long term storage potential. The combination of capture, transport, and storage infrastructure is highly dependent on the CO2 price, both as an inducement (for EOR) and disincentive (price to emit CO2). Consequently, we examine how the expansion of CCS infrastructure could develop given differing CO2 scenarios, including variation in capture and storage costs. Our results show how a CO2 management network (capture, transport, and storage infrastructure) could develop given a set of oil refineries and EOR reservoirs in the U.S. Gulf Coast region. The model outputs and results can be used to help plan policy and regulation for CO2 capture and storage, and help guide how the oil industry could jumpstart a CCS industry. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Middleton, Richard S.; Keating, Gordon N.; Pawar, Rajesh J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bielicki, Jeffrey M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Middleton, RS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rsm@lanl.gov RI Middleton, Richard/A-5470-2011; Bielicki, Jeffrey/D-4239-2016; OI Bielicki, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8449-9328; Middleton, Richard/0000-0002-8039-6601 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 2185 EP 2191 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.105 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299702058 ER PT S AU Aines, RD Wolery, TJ Bourcier, WL Wolfe, T Hausmann, C AF Aines, Roger D. Wolery, Thomas J. Bourcier, William L. Wolfe, Thomas Hausmann, Chris BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Fresh water generation from aquifer-pressured carbon storage: feasibility of treating saline formation waters SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE Carbon sequestration; water; reverse osmosis ID MINERAL SOLUBILITIES; PREDICTION; SYSTEM AB Brines up to 85,000 ppm total dissolved solids produced during Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) operations in saline formations may be used as the feedstock for desalination and water treatment technologies via reverse osmosis (RO). The aquifer pressure resulting from the injection of carbon dioxide can provide all or part of the inlet pressure for the desalination system. Residual brine from such a process could be reinjected into the formation at net volume reduction, such that the volume of fresh water extracted is comparable to the volume of CO2 injected into the formation. Such a process could provide additional CO2 storage capacity in the aquifer, reduce operational risks (e. g., fracturing, seismicity, leaking) by relieving overpressure in the formation, and provide a source of low-cost fresh water to offset costs or operational water needs equal to about half the water usage of a typical coal ICGG power plant. We call the combined processes of brine removal, treatment, and pressure management active reservoir management. We have examined a range of saline formation water compositions propose a general categorization for the feasibility of the process based total dissolved solids (TDS): 10,000-40,000 mg/L TDS: Standard RO with >= 50% recovery 40,000-85,000 mg/L TDS: Standard RO with >= 10% recovery; higher recovery possible using 1500 psi RO membranes and/or multi-stage incremental desalination likely including NF (nanofiltration) 85,000-300,000 mg/L TDS: Multi-stage process using process design that may differ significantly from seawater systems > 300,000 mg/L TDS brines: Not likely to be treatable Brines in the 10,000-85,000 mg/L TDS range appear to be abundant (geographically and with depth) and could be targeted in planning CCS operations. Costs for desalination of fluids from saline aquifers are in the range of $400-1000/acre foot of permeate when storage aquifer pressures exceed 1200 psi. This is about half of conventional seawater desalination costs of $1000-1400/acre foot. Costs increase by 30 to 50% when pressure must be added at the surface. The primary reason for the cost reduction in pressurized aquifers relative to seawater is the lack of need for energy to drive the high-pressure pumps. An additional cost savings has to do with less pre-treatment than is customary for ocean waters full of biological activity and their degradation products. An innovative parallel low-recovery approach is proposed that would be particularly effective for saline formation waters in the 40,000-85,000 mg/L TDS range. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Aines, Roger D.; Wolery, Thomas J.; Bourcier, William L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Wolfe, Thomas; Hausmann, Chris] Perlorica Inc, Livermore, CA USA. RP Aines, RD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Aines, Roger/A-2013-2013 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DEAC52-07NA27344] FX This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DEAC52-07NA27344. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 2269 EP 2276 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.116 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299702069 ER PT S AU Davidson, CL Dahowski, RT Dooley, JJ AF Davidson, Casie L. Dahowski, Robert T. Dooley, James J. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI A quantitative comparison of the cost of employing EOR-coupled CCS supplemented with secondary DSF storage for two large CO2 point sources SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE CCS; EOR; deep saline formation; economics AB This paper explores the impact of the temporally dynamic demand for CO2 for CCS-coupled EOR by evaluating the variable demand for new (i.e., non-recycled) anthropogenic CO2 within EOR projects and the extent to which EOR-coupled CCS is compatible with the need for baseload CO2 storage options for large anthropogenic point sources. A profile of CO2 demand over an assumed EOR project lifetime is applied across two different storage scenarios to illustrate the differences in cost associated with different EOR-coupled CCS configurations. The first scenario pairs a single EOR field with a DSF used to store any CO2 that is not used to increase oil recovery in the EOR field; the second scenario is designed to minimize storage in the DSF and maximize lower-cost EOR-based storage by bringing multiple EOR projects online over time as the previous project's CO2 demand declines, making the source's CO2 available for a subsequent project. Each scenario is evaluated for two facilities, emitting 3 and 6 MtCO(2)/y. Annual and lifetime average CO2 transport and storage costs are presented, and the impact of added capture and compression costs on overall project economics is examined. The research reported here suggests that the cost of implementing a CCS-coupled EOR project will be more than is typically assumed; in many cases a positive price on CO2 emitted to the atmosphere will be required to motivate deployment of these CO2-based EOR projects, except in the most idealized cases. The reasons for this conclusion are twofold. First, the costs of capitalizing, operating and monitoring a secondary DSF to provide backup storage for CO2 not demanded by the EOR operation can cut sharply into EOR revenues. Second, except in cases where a single firm figures both the CO2 source emissions and the associated EOR recovery on the same balance sheet, the oil production company is not likely to share a significant portion of revenues from the EOR field with the CO2 source. Thus, while EOR-coupled CCS may offer attractive early opportunities, these opportunities are likely only available to a small fraction of the CO2 source fleet in the U.S. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Davidson, Casie L.; Dahowski, Robert T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Dooley, James J.] Univ Res Court, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Davidson, CL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Dooley, James/0000-0002-2824-4344 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 2361 EP 2368 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.128 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299702081 ER PT S AU Keating, GN Middleton, RS Viswanathan, HS Stauffer, PH Pawar, RJ AF Keating, Gordon N. Middleton, Richard S. Viswanathan, Hari S. Stauffer, Philip H. Pawar, Rajesh J. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI How Storage Uncertainty Will Drive CCS Infrastructure SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE system model; infrastructure; optimization; uncertainty; reservoir ID SEQUESTRATION SITE; SYSTEM MODEL AB This study focuses on the basin and site scales to identify physical constraints for CO2 injection and source-sink infrastructure. We analyze the sequestration of CO2 emissions associated with conventional and unconventional fossil fuel development in the Uinta-Piceance Basins, Colorado and Utah, USA. This area is underlain by abundant saline formations with excellent potential geologic sequestration. Land access, as a proxy for pore space access, is an important consideration in this area of rugged terrain, protected natural areas, and Indian and private lands. We integrate a model of geologic CO2 sequestration (CO2-PENS) and a model of infrastructure optimization (SimCCS) to evaluate the design of CCS infrastructure under uncertainty. This research focuses on the effect of uncertainty in properties of sequestration reservoirs on CCS infrastructure, including the dedicated CO2 pipeline network and which sources should capture CO2 or where new CO2 emitting facilities should be located. CO2 source emissions and capture costs can be estimated with reasonable certainty based on current separation technologies. In contrast, the actual capacity and injectivity of saline aquifers (sinks) may vary over several orders of magnitude compared with estimated values, due to geologic heterogeneities that affect porosity, permeability, thickness, and extent of the saline aquifers. We report on modeling using CO2-PENS, an injectivity/capacity and risk assessment simulator package for geologic sequestration, and SimCCS, a geospatial decision optimization model for comprehensively designing CCS infrastructure. CO2-PENS uses statistically distributed input parameter values to characterize CO2 migration through the sequestration reservoir, caprock, and overlying freshwater aquifers, as well as potential leakage pathways like wellbores and faults. Representative parameter ranges were developed for the Cretaceous Castlegate and Jurassic Entrada sandstones, widespread permeable saline formations in the Uinta-Piceance basins. A GIS mask based on land use, land ownership, slope, and hydrology was developed to define land surface access for developing sequestration sites. Several sites of varying area and formation depth were defined for both the Castlegate and Entrada formations. Using the Monte Carlo modeling capability of CO2-PENS, multiple realizations were run for each site in order to develop probability density functions (PDFs) of reservoir capacity and cost for sequestration of various rates of CO2 delivery. These PDFs were provided to SimCCS for use in the calculation of optimal pipeline networks among CO2 sources and sinks. SimCCS plans CCS infrastructure with respect to objective functions that include information on financial budget, regional CO2 capture target, or a price on carbon (i.e., what scale of infrastructure is economically feasible). Because the model simultaneously examines source-network-sink components, it is ideal for analyzing the impact of sink uncertainty on overall CCS infrastructure. Model outputs include CCS costs, spatial network routing, and the scale at which deploying CCS infrastructure makes sense. Coupling CO2-PENS and SimCCS, both state-of-the-art models, allows us for the first time to examine how reservoir uncertainty propagates through, or even drives, the entire CCS infrastructure system. In our study this effect is evidenced by preferential selection of sinks with spatially proximal alternatives, robust pipeline networks that can respond to changes in CO2 flow, and sources chosen that make economical sense (though not necessarily financially optimal) and integrate well into a dynamic CCS system. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Keating, Gordon N.; Middleton, Richard S.; Viswanathan, Hari S.; Stauffer, Philip H.; Pawar, Rajesh J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Keating, GN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gkeating@lanl.gov RI Middleton, Richard/A-5470-2011; OI Middleton, Richard/0000-0002-8039-6601; Stauffer, Philip/0000-0002-6976-221X NR 15 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 2393 EP 2400 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.132 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299702085 ER PT S AU Dahowski, RT Davidson, CL Dooley, JJ AF Dahowski, R. T. Davidson, C. L. Dooley, J. J. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Comparing large scale CCS deployment potential in the USA and China: a detailed analysis based on country-specific CO2 transport & storage cost curves SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE CO2; carbon capture and storage; China; USA; cost curves AB The United States and China are the two largest emitters of greenhouse gases in the world and their projected continued growth and reliance on fossil fuels - especially coal - make them strong candidates for the large-scale deployment of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) systems in a greenhouse gas constrained world. Previous work has revealed that both nations have over 1600 large electric utility and other industrial point CO2 sources as well as very large CO2 storage resources on the order of 2000 billion metric tons (Gt) of onshore storage capacity. In each case, the vast majority of this capacity is found in deep saline formations. In both the USA and China, candidate storage reservoirs are likely to be widely accessible with over 80% of these large industrial CO2 sources having a CO2 storage option within just 80 km. This suggests a strong potential for CCS to help bring about meaningful, sustained CO2 emissions reductions for these large, vibrant economies. However, while the USA and China possess many similarities with regards to the potential value that CCS might provide, including the range of costs at which CCS may be available to most large CO2 sources in each nation, there are a number of more subtle differences that may help us to understand the ways in which CCS deployment may differ as the the two nations work together - and in step with the rest of the world - to most efficiently reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This paper details the first ever analysis of CCS deployment costs in these two countries based on methodologically comparable CO2 source and sink inventories, economic analysis, geospatial source-sink matching and cost curve modeling. This type of analysis provides valuable insight into the degree to which early and sustained opportunities for climate change mitigation via commercial-scale CCS are available to the two countries, and could facilitate greater collaboration in areas where those opportunities overlap. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dahowski, R. T.; Davidson, C. L.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Dooley, J. J.] Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Dahowski, RT (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Dooley, James/0000-0002-2824-4344 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 2732 EP 2739 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.175 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299703013 ER PT S AU Kuby, MJ Middleton, RS Bielicki, JM AF Kuby, Michael J. Middleton, Richard S. Bielicki, Jeffrey M. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Analysis of cost savings from networking pipelines in CCS infrastructure systems SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE pipeline; optimization; model; network design; system; facility location; carbon dioxide capture and storage AB The success of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in reducing CO2 emissions on a large scale will depend on effectively deploying CCS infrastructure. Key decisions will include where to build new capture-ready power plants or retrofit existing facilities, how to construct an integrated and robust CO2 pipeline network, and which geologic reservoirs offer the best and safest storage potential. Critically, the capture, transportation, and storage components are highly interdependent and must be considered simultaneously. In previous work, we have developed and applied a CCS system optimization model that simultaneously optimizes the investments in, and operation of, the source capture facilities, the pipeline network, and the geologic sinks. The simCCS model combines GIS and operations research techniques to optimize seven sets of decisions simultaneously: source capture investment; source capture amounts; pipeline network configuration; pipeline diameters; routing of CO2 amounts through the pipeline; sink injection investment; and sink injection amounts. In choosing the corridors for the pipelines, the model considers geographic factors such as steep topography, protected lands, urban areas, and rivers and roads. SimCCS develops a fully integrated and networked CO2 pipeline network in which pipelines can merge and branch to create trunk lines that reduce the overall network length and take advantage of cost savings through economies of scale and high capacity utilization. In this paper, we demonstrate the cost savings of using a model like simCCS to optimize simultaneously the seven key CCS decisions. Using a case study of the Midwest USA consisting of eight coal-fired power plants and seven depleted oil fields as potential sources and sinks, we use simCCS to optimize a networked CCS infrastructure system with trunk and feeder pipelines. We then compare those results to constrained runs of simCCS in which the pipeline branching capability is restricted to allow only direct pipelines between single sources and single sinks. For small amounts of CO2 captured, the optimal networks are the same, but as soon as the system requires more than one source and sink, the advantages of networking the pipelines begin to emerge. For systems involving more than one source and sink, total costs average 6.5% lower for networked systems than for direct systems, based on savings of 2% on source costs, 34% on transport costs, and 22% on sink costs. The source and sink savings are generated in the model by connecting the less expensive sources and sinks to the pipeline network. The total length of pipelines for the networked system is on average 43% lower, and pipeline capacity utilization is 12% higher. This analysis helps to demonstrate why comprehensive infrastructure modeling is important to the financial success of CCS. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kuby, Michael J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Middleton, Richard S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci, Los Almos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bielicki, Jeffrey M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Bielicki, Jeffrey M.] Univ Minnesota, Humphrey Inst Pub Affairs, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Kuby, MJ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM rsm@lanl.gov RI Middleton, Richard/A-5470-2011; Bielicki, Jeffrey/D-4239-2016; OI Bielicki, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8449-9328; Middleton, Richard/0000-0002-8039-6601; Kuby, Michael/0000-0002-7988-5766 NR 12 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 2808 EP 2815 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.185 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299703023 ER PT S AU Simon, AJ Kaahaaina, NB Friedmann, SJ Aines, RD AF Simon, A. J. Kaahaaina, Naluahi B. Friedmann, S. Julio Aines, Roger D. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Systems Analysis and Cost Estimates for Large Scale Capture of Carbon Dioxide from Air SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE Direct Air Capture; Carbon Dioxide; Systems Analysis; Economics; Negative Emissions ID CO2 AB This paper explores the resource intensity and major cost elements of direct air capture of carbon dioxide. The levelized cost of carbon removal is calculated as the sum of costs resulting from interdependent capture devices, energy supplies, water supplies and sequestration resources. The analysis considers "generic" air capture technology characterized only by its energy use, capture footprint, and water use. Capital costs dominate the analysis, followed by energy efficiency. Four dedicated energy resources are considered: wind, enhanced geothermal, natural gas combined cycle (NGCC), and NGCC with 90% carbon capture. Nearly carbon-free energy is critical to keeping overall cost of carbon mitigation low. The analysis shows that high second law capture efficiencies (on the order of 10%) and relatively inexpensive capture devices (on the order $0.5M for an individual device capturing one tonne CO2/day) must be achieved if the cost of air capture is to approach $300/tonne-CO2. Reaching those goals is likely to require substantial research into the kinetics and thermodynamics of capture chemistry which, respectively, keep the capital and energy costs as low as possible. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Simon, A. J.; Kaahaaina, Naluahi B.; Friedmann, S. Julio; Aines, Roger D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Simon, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-184,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM simon19@llnl.gov RI Aines, Roger/A-2013-2013 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 2893 EP 2900 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.196 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299703034 ER PT S AU Apps, JA Zheng, LG Spycher, N Birkholzer, JT Kharaka, Y Thordsen, J Kakouros, E Trautz, R AF Apps, John A. Zheng, Liange Spycher, Nicolas Birkholzer, Jens T. Kharaka, Yousif Thordsen, James Kakouros, Evangelos Trautz, Robert BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI TRANSIENT CHANGES IN SHALLOW GROUNDWATER CHEMISTRY DURING THE MSU ZERT CO2 INJECTION EXPERIMENT SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE CO2; Release; Groundwater; Impact; Geochemistry ID CATION-EXCHANGE; SEQUESTRATION; MONTMORILLONITE; ADSORPTION; TRANSPORT; MEDIA; SITE AB Food-grade CO2 was injected into a shallow aquifer through a perforated pipe placed horizontally 1-2 m below the water table at the Montana State University Zero Emission Research and Technology (MSU-ZERT) field site at Bozeman, Montana. The possible impact of elevated CO2 levels on groundwater quality was investigated by analyzing 80 water samples taken before, during, and following CO2 injection. Field determinations and laboratory analyses showed rapid and systematic changes in pH, alkalinity, and conductance, as well as increases in the aqueous concentrations of trace element species. The geochemical data were first evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA) in order to identify correlations between aqueous species. The PCA findings were then used in formulating a geochemical model to simulate the processes likely to be responsible for the observed increases in the concentrations of dissolved constituents. Modeling was conducted taking into account aqueous and surface complexation, cation exchange, and mineral precipitation and dissolution. Reasonable matches between measured data and model results suggest that: (1) CO2 dissolution in the groundwater causes calcite to dissolve. (2) Observed increases in the concentration of dissolved trace metals result likely from Ca+2-driven ion exchange with clays (smectites) and sorption/desorption reactions likely involving Fe (hydr)oxides. (3) Bicarbonate from CO2 dissolution appears to compete for sorption with anionic species such as HAsO4-2, potentially increasing dissolved As levels in groundwater. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Apps, John A.; Zheng, Liange; Spycher, Nicolas; Birkholzer, Jens T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kharaka, Yousif; Thordsen, James; Kakouros, Evangelos] US Geolog Survey, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Trautz, Robert] EPRI, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Apps, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011 OI Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 3231 EP 3238 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.241 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299703078 ER PT S AU Keating, EH Hakala, JA Viswanathan, H Capo, R Stewart, B Gardiner, J Guthrie, G Carey, JW Fessenden, J AF Keating, Elizabeth H. Hakala, J. Alexandra Viswanathan, Hari Capo, Rosemary Stewart, Brian Gardiner, James Guthrie, George Carey, J. William Fessenden, Julianna BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI The challenge of predicting groundwater quality impacts in a CO2 leakage scenario: Results from field, laboratory, and modeling studies at a natural analog site in New Mexico, USA SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS ID SEDIMENT; CALCITE AB A vital aspect to public and regulatory acceptance of carbon sequestration is assurance that groundwater resources will be protected. Theoretical and laboratory studies can, to some extent, be used to predict the consequences of leakage. However, direct observations of CO2 flowing through shallow drinking water aquifers are invaluable for informing credible risk assessments. To this end, we have sampled shallow wells in a natural analog site in New Mexico, USA, where CO2 from natural sources is upwelling from depth. We collected major ion, trace element, and isotopic (H-3, O-18, and Sr) data and, coupled with laboratory experiments and reactive transport modeling, have concluded that the major control on groundwater quality at this site is not chemical reaction of CO2 with the aquifer but intrusion of saline waters upwelling with the CO2. Using reactive transport modeling based on field data, we show the difference in reactivity of the CO2 and CO2/saline water source terms, particularly with respect to carbonate mineralogy. Sr isotopes were used to investigate whether aquifer waters were affected by carbonate mineral reaction with CO2 or by saline water intrusion. Preliminary data suggest that Sr isotopes can successfully be used to discriminate between the two types of source terms at Chimayo; this technique shows promise for monitoring CCS sites. In developing predictive capabilities for future sites, it is critical to identify the solid phases and specific reactions controlling dissolved trace metal concentrations in both the presence and absence of CO2. We have conducted laboratory experiments to identify these phases and have found that some elements (e.g., U, Ca) are largely controlled by ion exchange and/or carbonate minerals. In the experiments, the concentration of some metals increases after exposure to CO2 (although concentrations remain below the U.S. EPA primary drinking water standards); we are currently extending these experiments to determine if the reactions causing the increase are reversible and, if so, on what time scales. Metal scavenging by secondary mineral precipitation, as observed at other natural analog sites, may be important at certain temporal scales. We are using the information gained from this field and laboratory study to develop predictive models for application to risk assessment at future CCS sites. The models will be particularly useful in identifying the temporal and spatial scales of water quality changes and in developing possible mitigation strategies in the case of leaks at engineered CCS sites. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Keating, Elizabeth H.; Viswanathan, Hari; Carey, J. William; Fessenden, Julianna] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Hakala, J. Alexandra; Guthrie, George] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Capo, Rosemary; Stewart, Brian; Gardiner, James] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Keating, EH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. FU U.S. DOE ZERT (Zero Emission Research and Technology) program FX This work was funded by the U.S. DOE ZERT (Zero Emission Research and Technology) program. We appreciate helpful discussions with Dennis Newell. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 3239 EP 3245 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.242 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299703079 ER PT S AU Morris, JP Hao, Y Foxall, W Mcnab, W AF Morris, J. P. Hao, Y. Foxall, W. McNab, W. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI In Salah CO2 Storage JIP: Hydromechanical Simulations of Surface Uplift due to CO2 Injection at In Salah SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE Coupled Processes; Computational Geomechanics; Geologic Sequestration; Geophysical Monitoring ID TENSILE FAULTS; HALF-SPACE; DEFORMATION; SHEAR AB Large-scale carbon capture and storage projects involve injecting CO2 into a porous, permeable formation that is overlain by an impermeable "caprock". The In Salah Project (a joint venture of BP, Statoil and Sonatrach) includes a CO2 sequestration effort that has successfully injected just over three million of tons of CO2 into a deep saline formation close to a producing gas field in Algeria. We have performed detailed simulations of the hydromechanical response in the vicinity of the KB-502 CO2 injector specifically because the morphology of the observed surface deformation differed from that above the other injectors at the field. Associated with the injection, we have simulated the mm-scale uplift of the overburden and compared the results with observed deformation using InSAR data. Our results indicate that the best fit is obtained through a combination of reservoir and fault pressurization (rather than either alone). However, our analysis had to make assumptions regarding the mechanical properties of the faults and the overburden. These results demonstrate that InSAR provides a powerful tool for gaining insight into fluid fate in the subsurface, but also highlight the need for detailed, accurate static geomodels. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Morris, J. P.; Hao, Y.; Foxall, W.; McNab, W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Morris, JP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 3269 EP 3275 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.246 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299703083 ER PT S AU Bissell, RC Vasco, DW Atbi, M Hamdani, M Okwelegbe, M Goldwater, MH AF Bissell, R. C. Vasco, D. W. Atbi, M. Hamdani, M. Okwelegbe, M. Goldwater, M. H. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI A Full Field Simulation of the In Salah Gas Production and CO2 Storage Project Using a Coupled Geo-mechanical and Thermal Fluid Flow Simulator SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE In Salah; CO2 storage; simulation; geomechanics; thermal AB We report results from a full field simulation model of the combined production and injection reservoirs, extending from a depth of 3.5 km to ground level, and with a lateral, x and y, extent of approximately 50 km. The model couples geomechanical calculations to fluid flow with an energy transport equation. It simulates two-phase immiscible flow with four components (CH4, CO2, NaCl and H2O) in the gas and aqueous phases. CO2 may dissolve into the aqueous phase. Fractures are modelled explicitly in the grid. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bissell, R. C.] BP Alternat Energy Ltd, Sunbury On Thames, Middx, England. [Vasco, D. W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley Hts, NJ USA. [Atbi, M.; Hamdani, M.; Okwelegbe, M.] Salah Gas Joint Venture, Messaoud, Algeria. [Goldwater, M. H.] Auric Hydrates Ltd, Surrey, England. RP Bissell, RC (reprint author), BP Alternat Energy Ltd, Sunbury On Thames, Middx, England. NR 12 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 3290 EP 3297 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.249 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299703086 ER PT S AU Locke, RA Krapac, IG Lewicki, JL Curtis-Robinson, E AF Locke, Randall A., II Krapac, Ivan G. Lewicki, Jennifer L. Curtis-Robinson, Elizabeth BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Characterizing near-surface CO2 conditions before injection - Perspectives from a CCS project in the Illinois Basin, USA SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium; Illinois Basin Decatur Project; monitoring, verification, and accounting; soil CO2 flux; eddy covariance ID TURBULENT FLUX MEASUREMENTS; EDDY COVARIANCE; AIR-FLOWS AB The Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium is conducting a large-scale carbon capture and storage (CCS) project in Decatur, Illinois, USA to demonstrate the ability of a deep saline formation to store one million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) from an ethanol facility. Beginning in early 2011, CO2 will be injected at a rate of 1,000 tonnes/day for three years into the Mount Simon Sandstone at a depth of approximately 2,100 meters. An extensive Monitoring, Verification, and Accounting (MVA) program has been undertaken for the Illinois Basin Decatur Project (IBDP) and is focused on the 0.65 km(2) project site. Goals include establishing baseline conditions to evaluate potential impacts from CO2 injection, demonstrating that project activities are protective of human health and the environment, and providing an accurate accounting of stored CO2. MVA efforts are being conducted pre-, during, and post-CO2 injection. Soil and net CO2 flux monitoring has been conducted for more than one year to characterize near-surface CO2 conditions. More than 2,200 soil CO2 flux measurements have been manually collected from a network of 118 soil rings since June 2009. Three ring types have been evaluated to determine which type may be the most effective in detecting potential CO2 leakage. Bare soil, shallow-depth rings were driven 8 cm into the ground and were prepared to minimize surface vegetation in and near the rings. Bare soil, deep-depth rings were prepared similarly, but were driven 46 cm. Natural-vegetation, shallow-depth rings were driven 8 cm and are most representative of typical vegetation conditions. Bare-soil, shallow-depth rings had the smallest observed mean flux (1.78 mu mol m(-2)s(-1)) versus natural-vegetation, shallow-depth rings (3.38 mu mol m(-2)s(-1)). Current data suggest bare ring types would be more sensitive to small CO2 leak signatures than natural ring types because of higher signal to noise ratios. An eddy covariance (EC) system has been in use since June 2009. Baseline data from EC monitoring is being used to characterize pre-injection conditions, and may then be used to detect changes in net exchange CO2 fluxes (F-c) that could be the result of CO2 leakage into the near-surface environment during or following injection. When injection at IBDP begins, soil and net CO2 monitoring efforts will have established a baseline of near-surface conditions that will be important to help demonstrate the effectiveness of storage activities. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Locke, Randall A., II; Krapac, Ivan G.; Curtis-Robinson, Elizabeth] Univ Illinois, Illinois State Geol Survey, 615 E Peabody Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Lewicki, Jennifer L.] Div Earth Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Locke, RA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Illinois State Geol Survey, 615 E Peabody Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM rlocke@illinois.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy through National Energy Technology Laboratory [DE-FC26-05NT42588]; Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity; Office of Coal Development through Illinois Clean Coal Institute FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the helpful contributions by ISGS colleagues William Roy and Zak Lasemi (manuscript review), Chris Korose (figure development), and Tim Young (flux ring surveying). The Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy through the National Energy Technology Laboratory via the Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership Program (contract number DE-FC26-05NT42588) and by a cost share agreement with the Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity, Office of Coal Development through the Illinois Clean Coal Institute. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 3306 EP 3313 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.251 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299703088 ER PT S AU Rodosta, T Litynski, J Plasynski, S Spangler, L Finley, R Steadman, E Ball, D Gerald, H McPherson, B Burton, E Vikara, D AF Rodosta, Traci Litynski, John Plasynski, Sean Spangler, Lee Finley, Robert Steadman, Edward Ball, David Gerald, Hill McPherson, Brian Burton, Elizabeth Vikara, Derek BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI US Department of Energy's Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership Initiative: Update on Validation and Development Phases SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE Carbon Sequestration; Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships; Field Tests; Department of Energy; NETL ID OIL-RECOVERY; STORAGE AB The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is the lead federal agency for the development and deployment of carbon sequestration technologies. The Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (RCSPs) are the mechanism DOE utilizes to prove the technology and to develop human capital, stakeholder networks, information for regulatory policy, best practices documents and training to work toward the commercialization of carbon capture and storage (CCS). The RCSPs are tasked with determining the most suitable technologies, regulations, and infrastructure for carbon capture, transport, and storage in their respective geographic areas of responsibility. The seven partnerships include more than 400 state agencies, universities, national laboratories, private companies, and environmental organizations, spanning 43 states and four Canadian provinces. The Regional Partnerships Initiative is being implemented in three phases: Characterization, Validation, and Development. The initial Characterization Phase began in 2003 and was completed in 2005 and focused on characterization of CO2 storage potential within each region. It was followed by the Validation Phase, which began in 2005 and is nearing completion in 2011. The focus of the Validation Phase has been on small-scale field tests throughout the seven partnerships in various formation types such as saline, oil-bearing, and coal seams. The Validation Phase has characterized suitable CO2 storage reservoirs and identified the need for comprehensive legal and regulatory frameworks to enable commercial-scale CCS deployment. Finally, the Development Phase will consist of a series of large-scale, one-million-ton, injection tests throughout the United States and Canada. The objective of these large-scale tests is to identify the regulatory path or challenges in permitting CCS projects, to demonstrate the technology can inject CO2 safely, and to verify its permanence in geologic formations in preparation for the commercialization of geologic sequestration. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rodosta, Traci; Litynski, John; Plasynski, Sean] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Rodosta, T (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. OI Spangler, Lee/0000-0002-3870-6696 FU U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory FX The authors would like to express appreciation to U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory for funding and permission to publish this paper NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 3457 EP 3464 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.271 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299703108 ER PT S AU Hovorka, SD Meckel, TA Trevino, RH Lu, JM Nicot, JP Choi, JW Freeman, D Cook, P Daley, TM Ajo-Franklin, JB Freifeild, BM Doughty, C Carrigan, CR La Brecque, D Kharaka, YK Thordsen, JJ Phelps, TJ Yang, CB Romanak, KD Zhang, TW Holt, RM Lindler, JS Butsch, RJ AF Hovorka, Susan D. Meckel, Timothy A. Trevino, Ramon H. Lu, Jiemin Nicot, Jean-Philippe Choi, Jong-Won Freeman, David Cook, Paul Daley, Thomas M. Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan B. Freifeild, Barry M. Doughty, Christine Carrigan, Charles R. La Brecque, Doug Kharaka, Yousif K. Thordsen, James J. Phelps, Tommy J. Yang, Changbing Romanak, Katherine D. Zhang, Tongwei Holt, Robert M. Lindler, Jeffery S. Butsch, Robert J. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Monitoring a large volume CO2 injection: Year two results from SECARB project at Denbury's Cranfield, Mississippi, USA SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE Carbon Sequestration; Field Test; Monitoring AB The Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (SECARB) early project in western Mississippi has been testing monitoring tools and approaches to document storage efficiency and storage permanence under conditions of CO2 EOR as well as downdip injection into brine. Denbury Onshore LLC is host for the study and has brought a depleted oil and gas reservoir, Cranfield Field, under CO2 flood. Injection was started in July 2008 and has now achieved injection rates greater than 1.2 million tons/year though 23 wells, with cumulative mass injected as of August, 2010 of 2.2 million metric tons. Injection is into coarse grained fluvial deposits of the Cretaceous lower Tuscaloosa Formation in a gentle anticline at depths of 3300 m. A team of researchers from 10 institutions has collected data from five study areas, each with a different goal and different spatial and temporal scale. The Phase 2 study began at the start of injection and has been using pressure and temperature as a tool for assessing permanence mostly in the oil productive interval. Real-time read-out shows high sensitivity to distant changes in injection rate and confirms the geologic model of reservoir compartmentalization. Above-zone pressure monitoring similar to 120 m above the injection interval is used to test the sensitivity of this approach for documentation of integrity of the confining system in an area of numerous well completions as pressure increase is induced in the reservoir by more than 70 bar. Monitoring of the High Volume Injection Test (HiVIT) area includes repeat measurements of aqueous geochemistry in the injection zone. Rock-water-CO2 interactions in the reservoir as CO2 dissolves are minimized by mineral "armoring" by abundant chlorite cement in high permeability reservoir sandstone. Geochemical monitoring of confined freshwater aquifers at depths of 70-100 m is underway. Groundwater analysis focuses on assessment of the sensitivity of this method to detect leakage above background variability. A repeat seismic survey of the HiVIT is planned for late 2010 to assess saturation change especially in downdip brine-only areas. A study focused on feasibility of monitoring the shallow subsurface to separate leakage from normal complex surface fluxes is underway at an monitoring array installed in October 2009 to assess the interactions of recharge, soil gas, and shallow groundwater aquifers. Recent well re-entry and tracer injection will provide further information to interpret observed elevated deep-sourced methane. The Detailed Area Study (DAS) is collecting dense time-lapse data from closely-spaced three well array of an injector and two observation wells. The observation wells were completed with fiberglass casing to facilitate electrical resistance tomography (ERT) measurements, and a diverse array of instrumentation was both cemented behind casing and suspended on tubing. Injection started at the DAS December 1, 2009. We have measured pulsed neutron and resistivity via wireline, downhole and above-zone pressure, distributed temperature, and fluid chemistry including introduced pulses of perfluorocarbons, noble gases, and SF6 as tracers. Between wells, time-lapse cross-well seismic and electrical resistance tomography (ERT) are used to measure saturation change. The goals are to measure changes as fluids evolve from single phase (brine) to two phase (CO2-brine) in order to document linkages between pressure and sweep efficiency. A time-lapse VSP survey bridges the vertical resolution and areal coverage between cross-well and surface seismic. The repeat surveys for many tools are scheduled for September, 2010. Reservoir characterization based on cores, historic and new wireline log data, production history, hydrologic tests, fluid analysis, and a three-D seismic survey have been used in multiple numerical models to predict reservoir response in order to design effective monitoring strategies and optimize deployment. History matching of observed response to predicted response is used to interpret results and improve confidence in conceptual models and numerical approaches. Probabilistic methods have been used to assess the significant uncertainties resulting from reservoir heterogeneity. C1 [Hovorka, Susan D.; Meckel, Timothy A.; Trevino, Ramon H.; Lu, Jiemin; Nicot, Jean-Philippe; Choi, Jong-Won; Yang, Changbing; Romanak, Katherine D.; Zhang, Tongwei] Univ Texas Austin, Gulf Coast Carbon Ctr, Bur Econ Geol, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78713 USA. [Freeman, David] Sandia Technol LLC, Houston, TX 77041 USA. [Cook, Paul; Daley, Thomas M.; Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan B.; Freifeild, Barry M.; Doughty, Christine] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Carrigan, Charles R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [La Brecque, Doug] LLC, Multi Phase Technol, Sparks, NV 89431 USA. [Kharaka, Yousif K.; Thordsen, James J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Phelps, Tommy J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Holt, Robert M.] Univ Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677 USA. [Lindler, Jeffery S.] Mississippi State Univ, Inst Clean Energy Technol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Butsch, Robert J.] Schlumberger Carbon Serv, Houston, TX 77056 USA. RP Hovorka, SD (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Gulf Coast Carbon Ctr, Bur Econ Geol, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78713 USA. RI Nicot, Jean-Philippe/A-3954-2009; Romanak, Katherine/M-5841-2013; Zhang, Tongwei/M-8000-2014; Lu, Jiemin/H-3581-2011; yang, changbing/A-3097-2009; Daley, Thomas/G-3274-2015; Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan/G-7169-2015; OI Romanak, Katherine/0000-0002-8763-7818; Lu, Jiemin/0000-0001-6783-5510; yang, changbing/0000-0002-2442-2270; Daley, Thomas/0000-0001-9445-0843; Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan/0000-0002-6666-4702 FU US Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships program [DE-FC26-05NT42590] FX This study is funded by the US Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory as part of the Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships program under contract number DE-FC26-05NT42590. SECARB is led by Southern States Energy Board (www.sseb.org). NR 9 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 3478 EP 3485 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.274 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299703111 ER PT S AU Ennis-King, J Dance, T Xu, J Boreham, C Freifeld, B Jenkins, C Paterson, L Sharma, S Stalker, L Underschultz, J AF Ennis-King, J. Dance, T. Xu, J. Boreham, C. Freifeld, B. Jenkins, C. Paterson, L. Sharma, S. Stalker, L. Underschultz, J. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI The role of heterogeneity in CO2 storage in a depleted gas field: history matching of simulation models to field data for the CO2CRC Otway Project, Australia SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE geological storage; depleted gas field; tracers; heterogeneity; history match AB The first stage of the CO2CRC Otway Project, located in south-eastern Australia, has stored 65,445 tonnes of CO2-rich gas in the depleted Naylor Gas Field. Comparisons have been made between simulations using the non-isothermal multi-phase flow simulator TOUGH2/EOS7C and the accumulated field data up to and beyond the end of injection. The geological models and the derived simulation models have been able to fit most of the key features of the field data, including the downhole pressure measurements and the arrival time at the observation well. When fitting to the downhole pressure only, the observed arrival time was in the range of uncertainty of the model predictions. The use of multiple geostatistical realisations of heterogeneity demonstrates the importance of capturing the range of uncertainty in the geology and the consequent scatter in forward predictions. Thus the storage of CO2 in the Naylor depleted gas field is shown to be adequately modelled by numerical simulation, and this increases confidence in the suitability of similar depleted gas fields for underground storage. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ennis-King, J.; Dance, T.; Boreham, C.; Jenkins, C.; Paterson, L.; Sharma, S.; Stalker, L.; Underschultz, J.] Cooperat Res Ctr Greenhouse Gas Technol, Private Bag 10, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. [Ennis-King, J.; Paterson, L.] CSIRO Earth Sci & Resource Engn, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. [Dance, T.; Stalker, L.; Underschultz, J.] CSIRO Earth Sci & Resource Engn, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. [Xu, J.] Chevron Energy Technol Co, Richmond, CA USA. [Boreham, C.] Geosci Australia, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Freifeld, B.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jenkins, C.] CSIRO Earth Sci & Resource Engn, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Sharma, S.] Schlumberger Carbon Serv, S Perth, WA 6151, Australia. RP Ennis-King, J (reprint author), Cooperat Res Ctr Greenhouse Gas Technol, Private Bag 10, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. EM Jonathan.Ennis-King@csiro.au RI Underschultz, Jim/N-1496-2013; Paterson, Lincoln/B-7156-2015; OI Underschultz, Jim/0000-0003-2151-1478; Ennis-King, Jonathan/0000-0002-4016-390X FU Commonwealth of Australia through CRC Program for CO2CRC research FX This work was supported by funding provided by the Commonwealth of Australia through the CRC Program for CO2CRC research. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 3494 EP 3501 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.276 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299703113 ER PT S AU Rutqvist, J Liu, HH Vasco, DW Pan, LH Kappler, K Majer, E AF Rutqvist, Jonny Liu, Hoi-Hai Vasco, Donald W. Pan, Lehua Kappler, Karl Majer, Ernie BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Coupled non-isothermal, multiphase fluid flow, and geomechanical modeling of ground surface deformations and potential for induced micro-seismicity at the In Salah CO2 storage operation SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE Type your keywords here; separated by semicolons ID ROCK AB We present recent results of coupled non-isothermal, fluid flow and geomechanical modeling associated with the In Salah CO2 storage operation at the Krechba gas field, Algeria. Much recent modeling efforts have been dedicated to analyze satellite based measurements of ground surface uplift at one of the injection wells where a double-lobe uplift pattern has been observed. Both semi-analytical inverse deformation analyses and coupled numerical modeling have indicated that the observed double-lobe uplift pattern can be explained by injection-induced deformation in a deep vertical fracture zone or fault intersecting the injection well and extending a few hundred meters above the injection zone (up to a depth below 1600 m). Recently, a 3D seismic survey indicated that such a fault or fracture zone may indeed intersect the well with the orientation originally predicted by the semi-analytical inverse deformation analysis. A coupled numerical analysis indicates that observed progressive uplift during active CO2 injection and relatively slower subsidence rate during a subsequent shut-in period could be modeled as an elastic response, i.e. indicating elastic deformation of an existing geological feature rather than the creation of a new hydraulic fracture. Finally, we analyzed the simulation results in terms of reservoir stress evolution and the potential for injection-induced micro-seismicity at Krechba. Our analysis shows that the highest potential for injection-induced micro-seismicity occurs along the horizontal injection wells caused by the combined effects of injection-induced cooling and pressure. However, for the best-estimated present-day strike-slip stress regime at Krechba, our analysis indicates a relatively low potential for injection-induced micro-seismicity. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rutqvist, Jonny; Liu, Hoi-Hai; Vasco, Donald W.; Pan, Lehua; Kappler, Karl; Majer, Ernie] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rutqvist, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Vasco, Donald/G-3696-2015; Pan, Lehua/G-2439-2015; Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015 OI Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628; Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785 NR 14 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 3542 EP 3549 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.282 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299704002 ER PT S AU Mur, A Purcell, C Soong, Y Crandall, D McLendon, TR Haljasma, IV Warzinski, R Kutchko, B Kennedy, S Harbert, W AF Mur, Alan Purcell, Christopher Soong, Yee Crandall, Dustin McLendon, T. Robert Haljasma, Igor V. Warzinski, Robert Kutchko, Barbara Kennedy, Stephen Harbert, William BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Integration of core sample velocity measurements into a 4D seismic survey and analysis of SEM and CT images to obtain pore scale properties SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE Carbon Sequestration; Rock Physics; Pore Scale Properties; CT Characterization; ImageJ; 4D Seismic; SEM Image Analysis; AVO ID ROCKS AB The Scurry Area Canyon Reef Operators Committee (SACROC) field, located in the Permian Basin of West Texas is an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) site into which large volumes of CO2 have been injected. We acquired core samples and 3D seismic surveys from the site in order to better characterize the movement of the CO2 injection plumes. The samples of SACROC reef limestone were used for ultrasonic velocity measurements, detailed mineralogy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) characterization, Computed Tomography (CT) scanning, thin section studies, and porosity measurements. Using a NER AutoLab 1500 at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) Core Flow Lab we have measured P and S wave velocities, porosity, and permeability at varying pressures, temperatures, and fluid saturations that simulate reservoir conditions after successive floods. Measurements were also taken with supercritical CO2 at in situ pressures and temperatures. We also modeled the expected velocities for our samples using the standard Gassmann and other rock physics. We created a tool that groups grayscale ranges into three categories, cleans boundaries between groups, and produces a polygon map of the macropores, micropores, mineral grains, and matrix. In addition, the CT and SEM pore maps were analyzed to reveal pore shape statistics. Pore volume, area, and connectivity is essential for chemistry experiments that will emulate time exposure of CO2 to limestone. Further, this analysis technique allows us to obtain pore orientation information, which is important in understanding the anisotropic conditions that may affect seismic data. This multi-scale approach can help to characterize what is occurring inside of the reservoir. Fine scale measurements of how CO2 affects pore-space dissolution can help to inform us of any changes in overall reservoir storage capacity due to changing porosity. Core-scale velocity measurements under in situ conditions will allow us to predict changes in future well log or seismic surveys. Combining microscale, mesoscale, and macroscale information should lead to a better understanding of the various processes at work when CO2 is sequestered in a limestone reservoir. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mur, Alan; Purcell, Christopher; Soong, Yee; McLendon, T. Robert; Warzinski, Robert; Kutchko, Barbara; Harbert, William] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Mur, Alan; Purcell, Christopher; Harbert, William] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Crandall, Dustin; Haljasma, Igor V.] URS Corp, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Kennedy, Stephen] RJ Lee Grp, Monroeville, PA USA. RP Mur, A (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 3676 EP 3683 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.299 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299704019 ER PT S AU Harbert, W Purcell, C Mur, A AF Harbert, William Purcell, Christopher Mur, Alan BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Seismic reflection data processing of 3D surveys over an EOR CO2 injection SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE Carbon Sequestration; Rock Physics; Pore Scale Properties; CT Characterization; ImageJ; 4D Seismic; SEM Image Analysis; AVO AB In this project three 3-D reflection seismic surveys were analyzed with respect to pre and post stack reflection processing steps that resulted in the identification of a possible pre-stack seismic attribute proxy for subsurface supercritical CO2. The project was part of the Bureau of Economic Geology collaboration with the National Energy Technology Laboratory of the United States Department of Energy and the Bureau of Economic Geology as part of a Southwest Regional CO2 Sequestration Partnership. A variety of processing techniques were used to calculate seismic attributes and invert the seismic post stack seismic data to determine acoustic impedance. Methodologies for acoustic impedance inversion included Model-based inversion, bandwidth limited inversion, colored inversion, sparse spike, and neural network. In addition, pre-stack amplitude variation with offset (AVO) analysis was completed using second order polynomial, third order polynomial, Shuey 2-term, Shuey 3-term, linear, Verm-Hilterman, Aki-Richards 2-term and Aki-Richards 3-term methods. Using a combination of Shuey 3-term coefficients we believe that we have identified a useful proxy for monitoring subsurface CO2. In our analysis the attribute anomaly variation proxy is spatially located above brine fluid, flat bottomed and appears to be pore-phase variation. It follows reasonable trapping geometries and appears to be linked with possible earlier CO2 injection sites. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Harbert, William; Purcell, Christopher; Mur, Alan] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Harbert, W (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 3684 EP 3690 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.300 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299704020 ER PT S AU Myer, LR Daley, TM AF Myer, Larry R. Daley, Thomas M. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Elements of a best practices approach to induced seismicity in geologic storage SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE geologic storage; induced seismicity; monitoring AB As sequestration projects become larger, a framework for addressing potential induced seismicity will become necessary. We have drawn heavily on work done in the geothermal research community as a basis for a best practices approach for geologic storage. The seven step approach involves documentation of the historical natural seismicity, assessment of the potential for induced seismicity, and recommended steps for mitigation of the risk of the induced seismicity. The approach recognizes the importance of addressing the human element in addition to technical issues. The proposed approach is being applied in a sequestration field pilot in California. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Myer, Larry R.; Daley, Thomas M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Myer, LR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LRMyer@lbl.gov RI Daley, Thomas/G-3274-2015 OI Daley, Thomas/0000-0001-9445-0843 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 3707 EP 3713 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.303 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299704023 ER PT S AU Pruess, K AF Pruess, Karsten BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Modeling CO2 leakage scenarios, including transitions between super- and sub-critical conditions, and phase change between liquid and gaseous CO2 SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE CO2 storage; CO2 leakage; CO2-brine mixture; Sub-critical conditions; Three-phase flow; Thermal effects ID STORAGE AB Storage of CO2 in saline aquifers would be made at supercritical pressure and temperature conditions, but leaking from a geologic storage reservior and migrating towards the land surface (through faults, fractures, or improperly abandoned wells) would reach sub-critical conditions above 500-700 m depth for typical temperature and pressure conditions in terrestrial crust. At shallower horizons, subcritical CO2 can form two-phase mixtures of liquid and gaseous CO2, with significant latent heat effects during boiling and condensation processes. Additional strong non-isothermal effects can arise from decompression of gas-like subcritical CO2, the so-called Joule-Thomson effect. In this paper we describe the development of comprehensive simulation capabilities that can cope with all possible phase conditions in brine-CO2 systems. Our model formulation includes an accurate description of phase properties as function of temperature, pressure, and composition, including the mutual dissolution of CO2 and H2O in aqueous and CO2-rich phases; transitions between super- and sub-critical conditions, including phase change between liquid and gaseous CO2; one-, two-, and three-phase flow of brine-CO2 mixtures, including heat flow; non-isothermal effects associated with phase change, mutual dissolution of CO2 and water, and (de-) compression effects; effects of dissolved NaCl, and the possibility of precipitating solid halite, with associated porosity and permeability change. Application to specific leakage scenarios demonstrate that the peculiar thermophysical properties of CO2 provide a potential for positive as well as negative feedbacks on leakage rate. The interplay of self-enhancing and self-limiting effects on different space and time scales can induce non-monotonic behavior of CO2 flow rates. Such behavior may facilitate monitoring of CO2 storage systems, as it may provide signals that may be more easily distinguished from background noise. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pruess, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM k_pruess@lbl.gov NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 3754 EP 3761 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.309 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299704029 ER PT S AU Bonneville, A Black, GD Gorton, I Hui, P Murphy, EM Murray, CJ Rockhold, ML Schuchardt, KL Sivaramakrishnan, C White, MD Williams, MD Wurstner, SK AF Bonneville, Alain Black, Gary D. Gorton, Ian Hui, Peter Murphy, Ellyn M. Murray, Chris J. Rockhold, Mark L. Schuchardt, Karen L. Sivaramakrishnan, Chandrika White, Mark D. Williams, Mark D. Wurstner, Signe K. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Geologic Sequestration Software Suite (GS(3)): a collaborative approach to the management of geological GHG storage projects SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE Geological storage of CO2; CCS; Project management; CO2 injection; reservoir modeling AB Geologic storage projects associated with large anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases (GHG) will have lifecycles that may easily span a century, involve several numerical simulation cycles, and have distinct modeling teams. The process used for numerical simulation of the fate of GHG in the subsurface follows a generally consistent sequence of steps that often are replicated by scientists and engineers around the world. Site data is gathered, assembled, interpreted, and assimilated into conceptualizations of a solid-earth model; assumptions are made about the processes to be modeled; a computational domain is specified and spatially discretized; driving forces and initial conditions are defined; the conceptual models, computational domain, and driving forces are translated into input files; simulations are executed; and results are analyzed. Then, during and after the GHG injection, a continuous monitoring of the reservoir is done and models are updated with the newly collected data. Typically the working files generated during all these steps are maintained on workstations with local backups and archived once the project has concluded along with any modeling notes and records. We are proposing a new concept for supporting the management of full-scale GHG storage projects where collaboration, flexibility, accountability and long-term access will be essential features: the Geologic Sequestration Software Suite, GS(3). (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bonneville, Alain; Black, Gary D.; Gorton, Ian; Hui, Peter; Murphy, Ellyn M.; Murray, Chris J.; Rockhold, Mark L.; Schuchardt, Karen L.; Sivaramakrishnan, Chandrika; White, Mark D.; Williams, Mark D.; Wurstner, Signe K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Bonneville, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM alain.bonneville@pnl.gov OI Bonneville, Alain/0000-0003-1527-1578; White, Signe/0000-0003-4797-8877 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 3825 EP 3832 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.318 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299704038 ER PT S AU Mukhopadhyay, S Yang, SY Yeh, HD Birkholzer, J AF Mukhopadhyay, Sumit Yang, Shaw-Yang Yeh, Hund-Der Birkholzer, Jens BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Transient Pressure Response of A Gas Reservoir Arising From Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Injection Through a Partially-Penetrating Well: An Analytical Solution SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE carbon dioxide; sequestration; pressure buildup; supercritical; analytical solution ID STORAGE AB Injecting CO2 into a subsurface formation causes a buildup of pressure in the vicinity of the injection well. While a large injection rate can reduce the cost associated with injection, an indefinitely large injection rate can result in excessive formation damage. To obtain an optimal injection rate without exceeding the safe pressure limits, one would like to have some knowledge of the transient pressure buildup characteristics resulting from a particular injection rate. Using some simplifying assumptions, we have developed an analytical solution to predict the transient buildup of pressure resulting from injection of supercritical carbon dioxide from a partially penetrating well into a gas reservoir. We use the analytical solution to study pressure transient characteristics for different formation permeabilities and anisotropy ratios. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mukhopadhyay, Sumit; Birkholzer, Jens] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yang, Shaw-Yang] Vanung Univ, Chungli 32061, Taiwan. [Yeh, Hund-Der] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan. RP Mukhopadhyay, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Smukhopadhyay@lbl.gov RI Yeh, Hund-Der/A-6432-2010; Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011 OI Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912 FU Daniel Hawkes and Guoping Lu of Berkeley Lab; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors acknowledge the review comments from Daniel Hawkes and Guoping Lu of Berkeley Lab. Support is provided to Berkeley Lab through the U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 3965 EP 3972 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.336 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299704056 ER PT S AU Chiaramonte, L Zoback, M Friedmann, J Stamp, V Zahm, C AF Chiaramonte, Laura Zoback, Mark Friedmann, Julio Stamp, Vicki Zahm, Chris BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Fracture Characterization and Fluid Flow Simulation with Geomechanical Constraints for a CO2-EOR and Sequestration Project Teapot Dome Oil Field, Wyoming, USA SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE Geomechanics; CO2 EOR-Sequestration; fractured reservoir AB Mature oil and gas reservoirs are attractive targets for geological sequestration of CO2 because of their potential storage capacities and the possible cost offsets from enhanced oil recovery (EOR). In this work, we analyze the fracture system of the Tensleep Formation to develop a geomechanically-constrained 3D reservoir fluid flow simulation at Teapot Dome Oil Field, WY, USA. Teapot Dome is the site of a proposed CO2-EOR and sequestration pilot project. The objective of this work is to model the migration of the injected CO2 in the fracture reservoir, as well as to obtain limits on the rates and volumes of CO2 that can be injected, without compromising seal integrity. Furthermore we want to establish the framework to design injection experiments that will provide insight into the fracture network of the reservoir, in particular of fracture permeability and connectivity. Teapot Dome is an elongated asymmetrical, basement-cored anticline with a north-northeast axis. The Tensleep Fm. in this area is highly fractured, and consists of an intercalation of eolian-dune sandstones and inter-dune deposits. The dune sandstones are permeable and porous intervals with different levels of cementation that affects their porosity, permeability, and fracture intensity. The inter-dune deposits consist of thin sabkha carbonates, minor evaporates, and thin but widespread extensive beds of very low-permeability dolomicrites. The average permeability is 30 mD, ranging from 10 - 100 mD. The average reservoir thickness is 50 ft. The caprock for the Tensleep Fm. consists of the Opeche Shale member, and the anhydrite of the Minnekhata member. The reservoir has strong aquifer drive. In the area under study, the Tensleep Fm. has its structural crest at 1675 m. It presents a 2-way closure trap against a NE-SW fault to the north and possibly the main thrust to the west. The CO2-EOR and sequestration project will consist of the injection of 1 million cubic feet of supercritical CO2 for six weeks. A previous geomechanical analysis suggested that the trapping faults do not appear to be at risk of reactivation and it was estimated that caprock integrity is not a risk by the buoyancy pressure of the maximum CO2 column height that the formation can hold. However, in the present study we established the presence of critically stressed minor faults and fractures in the reservoir and caprock, which if reactivated, could not only enhance the permeability of the reservoir, but potentially compromise the top seal capacity. The results of the preliminary fluid flow simulations indicate that the injected CO2 will rapidly rise to the top layers, above the main producing interval, and will accumulate in the fractures, where almost none will get into the matrix. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chiaramonte, Laura; Friedmann, Julio] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-103, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Zoback, Mark] Stanford Univ, Mitchel Bldg, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Stamp, Vicki] RMOT, Rocky Mt Oilfield Test Ctr, Casper, CA 82601 USA. [Zahm, Chris] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Chiaramonte, L (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-103, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Chiaramonte, Laura/H-4360-2012 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 3973 EP 3980 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.337 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299704057 ER PT S AU Stauffer, PH Pawar, RJ Surdam, RC Jiao, ZS Deng, HL Lettelier, BC Viswanathan, HS Sanzo, DL Keating, GN AF Stauffer, Philip H. Pawar, Rajesh J. Surdam, Ronald C. Jiao, Zunsheng Deng, Hailin Lettelier, Bruce C. Viswanathan, Hari S. Sanzo, Dean L. Keating, Gordon N. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Application of the CO2-PENS risk analysis tool to the Rock Springs Uplift, Wyoming. SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE Risk Analysis; Wellbore Leakage ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; SYSTEM MODEL; SEQUESTRATION; ZONE AB We describe preliminary application of the CO2-PENS performance and risk analysis tool to a planned geologic CO2 sequestration demonstration project in the Rock Springs Uplift (RSU), located in south western Wyoming. We use data from the RSU to populate CO2-PENS, an evolving system-level modeling tool developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. This tool has been designed to generate performance and risk assessment calculations for the geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide. Our approach follows Systems Analysis logic and includes estimates of uncertainty in model parameters and Monte-Carlo simulations that lead to probabilistic results. Probabilistic results provide decision makers with a range in the likelihood of different outcomes. Herein we present results from a newly implemented approach in CO2-PENS that captures site-specific spatially coherent details such as topography on the reservoir/cap-rock interface, changes in saturation and pressure during injection, and dip on overlying aquifers that may be impacted by leakage upward through wellbores and faults. We present simulations of CO2 injection under different uncertainty distributions for hypothetical leaking wells and faults. Although results are preliminary and to be used only for demonstration of the approach, future results of the risk analysis will form the basis for a discussion on methods to reduce uncertainty in the risk calculations. Additionally, we present ideas on using the model to help locate monitoring equipment to detect potential leaks. By maintaining site-specific details in the CO2-PENS analysis we provide a tool that allows more logical presentations to stakeholders in the region. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stauffer, Philip H.; Pawar, Rajesh J.; Deng, Hailin; Lettelier, Bruce C.; Viswanathan, Hari S.; Sanzo, Dean L.; Keating, Gordon N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Surdam, Ronald C.; Jiao, Zunsheng] Wyoming State Geol Surv, Laramie, WY USA. [Surdam, Ronald C.] Univ Wyoming, Carbon Management Inst, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Stauffer, PH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Stauffer, Philip/0000-0002-6976-221X NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 4084 EP 4091 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.351 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299704071 ER PT S AU Oldenburg, CM Jordan, PD Nicot, JP Mazzoldi, A Gupta, AK Bryant, SL AF Oldenburg, Curtis M. Jordan, Preston D. Nicot, Jean-Philippe Mazzoldi, Alberto Gupta, Abhishek K. Bryant, Steven L. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Leakage risk assessment of the In Salah CO2 storage project: Applying the Certification Framework in a dynamic context SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE In Salah; risk assessment; leakage risk; carbon dioxide AB The Certification Framework (CF) is a simple risk assessment approach for evaluating CO2 and brine leakage risk at geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) sites. In the In Salah CO2 storage project assessed here, five wells at Krechba produce natural gas from the Carboniferous C10.2 reservoir with 1.7-2% CO2 that is delivered to the Krechba gas processing plant, which also receives high-CO2 natural gas (similar to 10% by mole fraction) from additional deeper gas reservoirs and fields to the south. The gas processing plant strips CO2 from the natural gas that is then injected through three long horizontal wells into the water leg of the Carboniferous gas reservoir at a depth of approximately 1,800 m. This injection process has been going on successfully since 2004. The stored CO2 has been monitored over the last five years by a Joint Industry Project (JIP) - a collaboration of BP, Sonatrach, and Statoil with co-funding from US DOE and EU DG Research. Over the years the JIP has carried out extensive analyses of the Krechba system including two risk assessment efforts, one before injection started, and one carried out by URS Corporation in September 2008. The long history of injection at Krechba, and the accompanying characterization, modeling, and performance data provide a unique opportunity to test and evaluate risk assessment approaches. We apply the CF to the In Salah CO2 storage project at two different stages in the state of knowledge of the project: (1) at the pre-injection stage, using data available just prior to injection around mid-2004; and (2) after four years of injection (September 2008) to be comparable to the other risk assessments. The main risk drivers for the project are CO2 leakage into potable groundwater and into the natural gas cap. Both well leakage and fault/fracture leakage are likely under some conditions, but overall the risk is low due to ongoing mitigation and monitoring activities. Results of the application of the CF during these different state-of-knowledge periods show that the assessment of likelihood of various leakage scenarios increased as more information became available, while assessment of impact stayed the same. Ongoing mitigation, modeling, and monitoring of the injection process is recommended. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Oldenburg, Curtis M.; Jordan, Preston D.; Mazzoldi, Alberto] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Nicot, Jean-Philippe] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Gupta, Abhishek K.; Bryant, Steven L.] Univ Texas Austin, Petr & Geosyst Engn Dept, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Oldenburg, CM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. EM CMOldenburg@lbl.gov RI Nicot, Jean-Philippe/A-3954-2009; Jordan, Preston/L-1587-2016 OI Jordan, Preston/0000-0001-5853-9517 FU CO2 Capture Project (CCP) of the Joint Industry Program (JIP); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; University of Texas, Austin; Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas FX This work was supported in part by the CO2 Capture Project (CCP) of the Joint Industry Program (JIP), and by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Additional support comes from the University of Texas, Austin, and the Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas. We thank Kevin Dodds, Allan Mathieson, Philip Ringrose, Rob Bissell, and Iain Wright (BP) for generously sharing their knowledge and experience, and for reviews of an earlier draft. We thank Scott Imbus (Chevron) and Rob Trautz (EPRI) for technical support and encouragement. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 4154 EP 4161 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.360 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299704080 ER PT S AU Surdam, RC Jiao, ZS Stauffer, P Miller, T AF Surdam, Ronald C. Jiao, Zunsheng Stauffer, Philip Miller, Terry BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI The key to commercial-scale geological CO2 sequestration: Displaced fluid management SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE Rock Springs Uplift; CO2 storage; displaced fluid management AB The Wyoming State Geological Survey has completed a thorough inventory and prioritization of all Wyoming stratigraphic units and geologic sites capable of sequestering commercial quantities of CO2 (5-15 Mt CO2/year). This multi-year study identified the Paleozoic Tensleep/Weber Sandstone and Madison Limestone (and stratigraphic equivalent units) as the leading clastic and carbonate reservoir candidates for commercial-scale geological CO2 sequestration in Wyoming. This conclusion was based on unit thickness, overlying low permeability lithofacies, reservoir storage and continuity properties, regional distribution patterns, formation fluid chemistry characteristics, and preliminary fluid-flow modeling. This study also identified the Rock Springs Uplift in southwestern Wyoming as the most promising geological CO2 sequestration site in Wyoming and probably in any Rocky Mountain basin. The results of the WSGS CO2 geological sequestration inventory led the agency and colleagues at the UW School of Energy Resources Carbon Management Institute (CMI) to collect available geologic, petrophysical, geochemical, and geophysical data on the Rock Springs Uplift, and to build a regional 3-D geologic framework model of the Uplift. From the results of these tasks and using the FutureGen protocol, the WSGS showed that on the Rock Springs Uplift, the Weber Sandstone has sufficient pore space to sequester 18 billion tons (Gt) of CO2, and the Madison Limestone has sufficient pore space to sequester 8 Gt of CO2. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Surdam, Ronald C.; Jiao, Zunsheng] Wyoming State Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Stauffer, Philip; Miller, Terry] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Surdam, Ronald C.] Univ Wyoming, Carbon Management Inst, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Surdam, RC (reprint author), Wyoming State Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. OI Stauffer, Philip/0000-0002-6976-221X FU State of the Wyoming and the DOE NETL [DE-FE0002142] FX This study is funded by State of the Wyoming and the DOE NETL (contract DE-FE0002142). NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 4246 EP 4251 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.373 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299704092 ER PT S AU Buscheck, TA Sun, YW Hao, Y Wolery, TJ Bourcier, W Tompson, AFB Jones, ED Friedmann, SJ Aines, RD AF Buscheck, Thomas A. Sun, Yunwei Hao, Yue Wolery, Thomas J. Bourcier, William Tompson, Andrew F. B. Jones, Edwin D. Friedmann, S. Julio Aines, Roger D. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Combining Brine Extraction, Desalination, and Residual-Brine Reinjection with CO2 Storage in Saline Formations: Implications for Pressure Management, Capacity, and Risk Mitigation SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE CO2 storage; Saline formations; Pressure buildup; Reservoir management; Risk mitigation; Area of Review; Reverse Osmosis AB For industrial-scale CO2 injection in saline formations, pressure increase can be a limiting factor in storage capacity. To address this concern, we introduce Active CO2 Reservoir Management (ACRM), which combines brine extraction and residual-brine reinjection with CO2 injection, contrasting it with the conventional approach, which we call Passive CO2 Reservoir Management. ACRM reduces pressure buildup and CO2 and brine migration, which increases storage capacity. Also, "push-pull" manipulation of the CO2 plume can counteract buoyancy, exposing less of the caprock seal to CO2 and more of the storage formation to CO2, with a greater fraction of the formation utilized for trapping mechanisms. If the net extracted volume of brine is equal to the injected CO2 volume, pressure buildup is minimized, greatly reducing the Area of Review, and the risk of seal degradation, fault activation, and induced seismicity. Moreover, CO2 and brine migration will be unaffected by neighboring CO2 operations, which allows planning, assessing, and conducting of each operation to be carried out independently. In addition, ACRM creates a new product, as extracted brine is available as a feedstock for desalination technologies, such as Reverse Osmosis. These benefits can offset brine extraction and treatment costs, streamline permitting, and help gain public acceptance. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Buscheck, Thomas A.; Sun, Yunwei; Hao, Yue; Wolery, Thomas J.; Bourcier, William; Tompson, Andrew F. B.; Jones, Edwin D.; Friedmann, S. Julio; Aines, Roger D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Buscheck, TA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM buscheck1@llnl.gov RI Sun, Yunwei/C-9751-2010; Aines, Roger/A-2013-2013 NR 9 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 4283 EP 4290 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.378 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299704097 ER PT S AU Birkholzer, JT Zhou, Q Cortis, A Finsterle, S AF Birkholzer, J. T. Zhou, Q. Cortis, A. Finsterle, S. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI A Sensitivity Study on Regional Pressure Buildup from Large-Scale CO2 Storage Projects SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE brine pressurization; basins; faults; compartments ID AQUIFERS; BASIN AB Several international researchers have in recent years evaluated the potentially far-reaching brine pressurization and migration processes resulting from the storage of large volumes of CO2 in deep saline aquifers (e. g, [1]-[6]). Predictive simulations have been conducted for idealized geologic systems as well as for large sedimentary basins with promising CO2 sequestration potential. In contrast to the latter studies, which often involve laterally extensive sediments with large storage capacity, we investigate here the potential impact of geologic carbon sequestration in a partially compartmentalized sandstone basin in the Southern San Joaquin Valley in California, USA. The expected CO2 plume behavior and injection-related pressure perturbation are modeled for a hypothetical CO2 sequestration project situated in the center of the basin. Uncertainty about fault behavior is addressed by assessing two distinctive fault property scenarios. A systematic sensitivity study is conducted for each scenario to identify key parameters and processes affecting pressure buildup and brine migration. We distinguish in this sensitivity study between the near-field region comprising the projected size of the CO2 plume, where hydrogeological properties are expected to be better constrained, and the far-field region comprising the projected extent of pressure buildup, where parameter uncertainty can be quite high. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Birkholzer, J. T.; Zhou, Q.; Cortis, A.; Finsterle, S.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94707 USA. RP Birkholzer, JT (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-116, Berkeley, CA 94707 USA. EM jtbirkholzer@lbl.gov RI Finsterle, Stefan/A-8360-2009; Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011 OI Finsterle, Stefan/0000-0002-4446-9906; Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 4371 EP 4378 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.389 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299704108 ER PT S AU Bacon, DH Murphy, EM AF Bacon, Diana H. Murphy, Ellyn M. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Managing Chemistry Underground: Is Co-Sequestration an Option in Selected Formations? SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE co-sequestration; carbon dioxide; sulfur dioxide; geochemical reaction modeling AB Geochemical simulations indicate that co-injection of CO2 and SO2 results in mineral sequestration of SO2. The amounts sequestered are greater and more persistent in dolomite and basalt than in glauconitic sandstone. In a predominantly dolomite formation, dissolution of calcite, and to a lesser extent, dolomite, will provide Ca in solution to promote the precipitation of anhydrite, thus removing the SO2 from solution. In basalt, dissolution of basaltic glass under acidic conditions provides Ca and Fe in solution, which promotes the sequestration of SO2 as anhydrite and, eventually, pyrite. As magnetite in the formation is consumed, pyrite redissolves. In the basalt, 86% to 47% of the SO2 remains sequestered after 5000 years. In glauconitic sandstone, SO2 precipitates as alunite, but it eventually redissolves. After 5000 years, 87% to 0% of the SO2 remains sequestered in the glauconitic sandstone. In all cases, co-injection of 1% SO2 with CO2 did not appreciably reduce the amount of CO2 sequestered, and did not induce a measureable change in porosity versus injection of CO2 alone. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bacon, Diana H.; Murphy, Ellyn M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bacon, DH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM diana.bacon@pnl.gov OI Bacon, Diana/0000-0001-9122-5333 NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 4457 EP 4464 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.400 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299705004 ER PT S AU Rodosta, TD Litynski, JT Plasynski, SI Hickman, S Frailey, S Myer, L AF Rodosta, Traci D. Litynski, John T. Plasynski, Sean I. Hickman, Scott Frailey, Scott Myer, Larry BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI US Department of Energy's Site Screening, Site Selection, and Initial Characterization for Storage of CO2 in Deep Geological Formations SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE Sequestration; Partnerships; Characterization; Storage Framework; NETL AB The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is the lead Federal agency for the development and deployment of carbon sequestration technologies. As part of its mission to facilitate technology transfer and develop guidelines from lessons learned, DOE is developing a series of best practice manuals (BPMs) for carbon capture and storage (CCS). The "Site Screening, Site Selection, and Initial Characterization for Storage of CO2 in Deep Geological Formations" BPM is a compilation of best practices and includes flowchart diagrams illustrating the general decision making process for Site Screening, Site Selection, and Initial Characterization. The BPM integrates the knowledge gained from various programmatic efforts, with particular emphasis on the Characterization Phase through pilot-scale CO2 injection testing of the Validation Phase of the Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (RCSP) Initiative. Key geologic and surface elements that suitable candidate storage sites should possess are identified, along with example Site Screening, Site Selection, and Initial Characterization protocols for large-scale geologic storage projects located across diverse geologic and regional settings. This manual has been written as a working document, establishing a framework and methodology for proper site selection for CO2 geologic storage. This will be useful for future CO2 emitters, transporters, and storage providers. It will also be of use in informing local, regional, state, and national governmental agencies of best practices in proper sequestration site selection. Furthermore, it will educate the inquisitive general public on options and processes for geologic CO2 storage. In addition to providing best practices, the manual presents a geologic storage resource and capacity classification system. The system provides a "standard" to communicate storage and capacity estimates, uncertainty and project development risk, data guidelines and analyses for adequate site characterization, and guidelines for reporting estimates within the classification based on each project's status. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rodosta, Traci D.; Litynski, John T.; Plasynski, Sean I.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Hickman, Scott] T Scott Hickman & Assoc Inc, Midland, TX 79701 USA. [Frailey, Scott] Illinois State Geol Survey, Midwest Geol Sequestrat Consortium, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Myer, Larry] Leonardo Technol Inc, Bencia, CA 94510 USA. RP Rodosta, TD (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy; National Energy Technology Laboratory FX The authors would like to express appreciation to U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory for funding and permission to publish this paper. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 4664 EP 4671 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.427 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299705031 ER PT S AU Wildenschild, D Armstrong, RT Herring, AL Young, IM Carey, JW AF Wildenschild, Dorthe Armstrong, Ryan T. Herring, Anna L. Young, Iain M. Carey, J. William BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Exploring capillary trapping efficiency as a function of interfacial tension, viscosity, and flow rate SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE capllary trapping; residual phase; x-ray tomography; interfacial tension; viscosity; flow rate ID RELATIVE PERMEABILITY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SALINE AQUIFERS; MULTIPHASE FLOW; RESIDUAL-GAS; STORAGE; SYSTEMS AB We present experimental results based on computed x-ray microtomography (CMT) for quantifying capillary trapping mechanisms as a function of fluid properties using several pairs of analog fluids to span a range of potential supercritical CO2-brine conditions. Our experiments are conducted in a core-flood apparatus using synthetic porous media and we investigate capillary trapping by measuring trapped non-wetting phase area as a function of varying interfacial tension, viscosity, and fluid flow rate. Experiments are repeated for a single sintered glass bead core using three different non-wetting phase fluids, and varying concentrations of surfactants, to explore and separate the effects of interfacial tension, viscosity, and fluid flow rate. Analysis of the data demonstrates distinct and consistent differences in the amount of initial (i.e. following CO2 injection) and residual (i.e. following flood or WAG scheme) non-wetting phase occupancy as a function of fluid properties and flow rate. Further experimentation and analysis is needed, but these preliminary results indicate trends that can guide design of injection scenarios such that both initial and residual trapped gas occupancy is optimized. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wildenschild, Dorthe; Armstrong, Ryan T.; Herring, Anna L.] Oregon State Univ, Sch Chem Biol & Environm Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Young, Iain M.] Univ New England, Sch Environm & Rural Sci, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. [Carey, J. William] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Wildenschild, D (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Sch Chem Biol & Environm Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dorthe@engr.orst.edu RI Young, Iain/C-9210-2011; OI Young, Iain/0000-0002-7588-9006; Wildenschild, Dorthe/0000-0002-6504-7817; Herring, Anna/0000-0002-9403-9779 FU Matt Tighe and Richard Flavel at University of New England; UNE x-ray CT system; Trine Wildenschild; Los Alamos Natl. Lab. LDRD program [20100025DR] FX Thanks to Matt Tighe and Richard Flavel at University of New England for invaluable support with the UNE x-ray CT system. Thanks also to Trine Wildenschild for measurement of interfacial tensions, and to Tim Kneafsey of LBNL for use of his duNouy tensiometer. This work was supported by project 20100025DR of the Los Alamos Natl. Lab. LDRD program. NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 4945 EP 4952 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.464 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299705068 ER PT S AU White, MD McGrail, BP Schaef, HT Hu, JZ Hoyt, DW Felmy, AR Rosso, KM Wurstner, SK AF White, M. D. McGrail, B. P. Schaef, H. T. Hu, J. Z. Hoyt, D. W. Felmy, A. R. Rosso, K. M. Wurstner, S. K. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Multiphase Sequestration Geochemistry: Model for Mineral Carbonation SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE geologic sequestration; deep saline formation; mineral carbonation; multiphase geochemistry; kinetic reaction; mineralization ID CO2 SEQUESTRATION; TRANSPORT; SIMULATION; DISPOSAL; REACTIVITY; EXTENSION; AQUIFER; PHASE; FLOW; USA AB Carbonation of formation minerals converts low viscosity supercritical CO2 injected into deep saline reservoirs for geologic sequestration into an immobile form. Until recently the scientific focus of mineralization reactions with reservoir rocks has been those that follow an aqueous-mediated dissolution/precipitation mechanism, driven by the sharp reduction in pH that occurs with CO2 partitioning into the aqueous phase. For sedimentary basin formations the kinetics of aqueous-mediated dissolution/precipitation reactions are sufficiently slow to make the role of mineralization trapping insignificant over a century period. For basaltic saline formations aqueous-phase mineralization progresses at a substantially higher rate, making the role of mineralization trapping significant, if not dominant, over a century period. The overlooked mineralization reactions for both sedimentary and basaltic saline formations, however, are those that occur in liquid or supercritical CO2 phase; where, dissolved water appears to play a catalyst role in the formation of carbonate minerals. A model is proposed in this paper that describes mineral carbonation over sequestration reservoir conditions ranging from dissolved CO2 in aqueous brine to dissolved water in supercritical CO2. The model theory is based on a review of recent experiments directed at understanding the role of water in mineral carbonation reactions of interest in geologic sequestration systems occurring under low water contents. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [White, M. D.; McGrail, B. P.; Schaef, H. T.; Wurstner, S. K.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hu, J. Z.; Hoyt, D. W.; Felmy, A. R.; Rosso, K. M.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP White, MD (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mark.white@pnl.gov RI Hu, Jian Zhi/F-7126-2012; Hoyt, David/H-6295-2013 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 5009 EP 5016 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.472 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299705076 ER PT S AU Zhang, YQ Freifeld, B Finsterle, S Leahy, M Ennis-King, J Paterson, L Dance, T AF Zhang, Yingqi Freifeld, Barry Finsterle, Stefan Leahy, Martin Ennis-King, Jonathan Paterson, Lincoln Dance, Tess BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Estimating CO2 Residual Trapping from a Single-Well Test: Experimental Design Calculations SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE Single-well test; residual CO2 saturation; geologic carbon sequestration AB Residual trapping is one of the four trapping mechanisms that have been identified for geological CO2 storage, a means to reduce atmospheric emissions and the related impacts as a result of continued use of fossil fuels. The objective of this research is to design a single-well injection-withdrawal test to estimate residual CO2 trapping (Sgr) in brine aquifers. Due to the high cost associated with drilling to depths of potential CO2 storage site, single-well test can cost-effectively provide data sets to assess reservoir properties and reduce uncertainties in the appraisal phase for finding commercial scale storage sites. The main challenges in the design are the following: (1) It is difficult to quantify the amount that is trapped using a mass balance approach; (2) correlations among various parameters leads to a highly uncertain or non-unique Sgr estimate; and (3) the Sgr estimate could be biased due to heterogeneity of the geological medium. We have proposed our design to address each of these challenges by (1) use a detailed reservoir model to simulate the relevant physical processes in the tests; (2) perform a test sequence that yields multiple types of complementary data to constrain the estimate of Sgr; (3) remove or reduce the bias caused by the heterogeneity of the storage formation by repeating the same test under different saturation conditions. The design will be applied to a practical field test that will be carried out as part of the CO2CRC Otway Project, at Victoria Australia. C1 [Leahy, Martin; Ennis-King, Jonathan; Paterson, Lincoln; Dance, Tess] CSIRO Petr, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [Zhang, Yingqi; Freifeld, Barry; Finsterle, Stefan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Leahy, Martin; Ennis-King, Jonathan; Paterson, Lincoln; Dance, Tess] Cooperat Res Ctr Greenhouse Gas Technol, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Dance, T (reprint author), CSIRO Petr, Clayton, Vic, Australia. EM yqzhang@lbl.gov RI Paterson, Lincoln/B-7156-2015; Finsterle, Stefan/A-8360-2009; Freifeld, Barry/F-3173-2010; OI Finsterle, Stefan/0000-0002-4446-9906; Ennis-King, Jonathan/0000-0002-4016-390X FU Assistant Secretary of the Office of Fossil Energy; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Energy Technology Laboratory; Australian CO2CRC FX Funding to support this study has been provided by the Assistant Secretary of the Office of Fossil Energy, U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 and through the Australian CO2CRC. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 5044 EP 5049 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.477 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299705081 ER PT S AU Peters, CA Dobson, PF Oldenburg, CM Wang, JSY Onstott, TC Scherer, GW Freifeld, BM Ramakrishnan, TS Stabinski, EL Liang, K Verma, S AF Peters, Catherine A. Dobson, Patrick F. Oldenburg, Curtis M. Wang, Joseph S. Y. Onstott, Tullis C. Scherer, George W. Freifeld, Barry M. Ramakrishnan, T. S. Stabinski, Eric L. Liang, Kenneth Verma, Sandeep BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI LUCI: A facility at DUSEL for large-scale experimental study of geologic carbon sequestration SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE Leakage; buoyancy; Joule-Thomson; experimental; storage ID CO2 INJECTION; WELL CEMENT; STORAGE; RESERVOIR; DIOXIDE; LEAKAGE; ROCK AB LUCI, the Laboratory for Underground CO2 Investigations, is an experimental facility being planned for the DUSEL underground laboratory in South Dakota, USA. It is designed to study vertical flow of CO2 in porous media over length scales representative of leakage scenarios in geologic carbon sequestration. The plan for LUCI is a set of three vertical column pressure vessels, each of which is similar to 500 m long and similar to 1 m in diameter. The vessels will be filled with brine and sand or sedimentary rock. Each vessel will have an inner column to simulate a well for deployment of down-hole logging tools. The experiments are configured to simulate CO2 leakage by releasing CO2 into the bottoms of the columns. The scale of the LUCI facility will permit measurements to study CO2 flow over pressure and temperature variations that span supercritical to subcritical gas conditions. It will enable observation or inference of a variety of relevant processes such as buoyancy-driven flow in porous media, Joule-Thomson cooling, thermal exchange, viscous fingering, residual trapping, and CO2 dissolution. Experiments are also planned for reactive flow of CO2 and acidified brines in caprock sediments and well cements, and for CO2-enhanced methanogenesis in organic-rich shales. A comprehensive suite of geophysical logging instruments will be deployed to monitor experimental conditions as well as provide data to quantify vertical resolution of sensor technologies. The experimental observations from LUCI will generate fundamental new understanding of the processes governing CO2 trapping and vertical migration, and will provide valuable data to calibrate and validate large-scale model simulations. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Peters, Catherine A.; Onstott, Tullis C.; Scherer, George W.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Dobson, Patrick F.; Oldenburg, Curtis M.; Wang, Joseph S. Y.; Freifeld, Barry M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ramakrishnan, T. S.; Stabinski, Eric L.; Liang, Kenneth; Verma, Sandeep] Schlumberger Doll Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Peters, CA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM cap@princeton.edu RI Peters, Catherine/B-5381-2013; OI Peters, Catherine/0000-0003-2418-795X; Scherer, George/0000-0002-5874-2627 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0919140, CMMI-0965552] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CMMI-0919140 to Princeton and Grant No. CMMI-0965552 to LBNL. We thank Dave Plate, Rohit Salve, Tom Trancynger, Kathy Hart, Jaret Heise, and other members of the DUSEL and Sanford Lab staff for their support in this work. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 5050 EP 5057 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.478 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299705082 ER PT S AU Kneafsey, TJ Pruess, K AF Kneafsey, Timothy J. Pruess, Karsten BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Laboratory Experiments and Numerical Simulation Studies of Convectively Enhanced Carbon Dioxide Dissolution SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE Carbon sequestration; Density-driven convection; Induction time ID DRIVEN NATURAL-CONVECTION; POROUS-MEDIA; SALINE AQUIFERS; CO2 INJECTION; STORAGE; ONSET; BRINE; FLOW AB Carbon dioxide (CO2) injected into a permeable rock stratum will be stored via four major mechanisms, 1) bulk containment of the mobile supercritical phase CO2, 2) small-scale trapping by capillary forces, 3) dissolution into the local brine, and 4) chemical reactions with aqueous species and host rock resulting in mineral precipitation. The security and permanence of CO2 storage increases along this pathway from containment to mineralization. After injection into the subsurface, the less-dense free-phase CO2 will tend to rise to the top of the permeable formation and will accumulate beneath a confining layer (cap rock) as a result of buoyancy. Beneath the confining layer, the CO2 will spread out, governed by capillary, buoyant, and viscous forces, forming a relatively horizontal layer at some distance from the injection location. CO2 in contact with local fluids will begin to dissolve into the fluids. The dissolution of CO2 into the brine will result in increasing the brine density. Brine with increased density over less dense brine will result in a fluid dynamics instability such that the heavier brine containing CO2 will tend to flow downward. This will cause lighter brine without dissolved CO2 to move upward, contacting the CO2 plume, dissolving more CO2, and then convecting downward. This dissolution-induced density-driven convection is a desirable process because it can significantly enhance the CO2 dissolution rates, thereby increasing storage security. We have performed laboratory visualization studies in transparent cells and quantitative CO2 absorption tests at elevated pressure to investigate this phenomenon. Numerical modeling of the tests was performed with results comparing favorably with experimental results. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kneafsey, Timothy J.; Pruess, Karsten] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kneafsey, TJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Kneafsey, Timothy/H-7412-2014 OI Kneafsey, Timothy/0000-0002-3926-8587 NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 5114 EP 5121 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.487 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299705091 ER PT S AU Carroll, S McNab, W Torres, S Singleton, M Zhao, PH AF Carroll, Susan McNab, Walt Torres, Sharon Singleton, Mike Zhao, Pihong BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Wellbore Integrity in Carbon Sequestration Environments: 1. Experimental Study of Cement - Sandstone/Shale - Brine - CO2 SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE CO2; Cement Carbontion; Geochemistry; Wellbore Integrity AB It is important to determine the geochemical reactions between common cements used in wellbore construction, formation mineralogy, and supercritical CO2 stored in deep saline reservoirs, because abandoned and completed wells provide a pathway for release of the stored CO2 back to overlying aquifers and to the atmosphere. Although it is known that alkaline cements readily react with acidic CO2-rich waters, the influence of the formation and cement mineralogy on the bonding of the wellbore cement to the caprock at pressure and temperature conditions associated with saline CO2 storage reservoirs is uncertain. We reacted end member components of the heterolithic sandstone and shale unit that forms the upper section of the carbon storage reservoir at the Krechba Field, In Salah, Algeria with supercritical CO2 and class G cement in a representative brine at 95 degrees C and 10 MPa in gold bag autoclaves to identify geochemical reactions that occur in the wellbore environment. The experimental system allows reaction progress of complex geochemical environments to be tracked by sampling the aqueous phase periodically over the two-month long experiments. Analysis of the solution chemistry over time and the solid products show that the wellbore environment is dominated by reactions between cement, carbonate, and clay minerals when exposed to CO2-rich fluid. Reaction of the hydrated cement with synthetic brine equilibrated with supercritical CO2 rapidly forms amorphous silica, calcite, and aragonite. Similar reaction products were observed when cement reacted with sandstone and CO2 (reservoir). However in the vicinity of the shale (caprock) cement minerals altered to calcium carbonate minerals and smectite (clay). (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Carroll, Susan; McNab, Walt; Torres, Sharon; Singleton, Mike; Zhao, Pihong] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Carroll, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 5186 EP 5194 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.496 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299705100 ER PT S AU McNab, WW Carroll, SA AF McNab, Walt W. Carroll, Susan A. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Wellbore Integrity at the Krechba Carbon Storage Site, In Salah, Algeria: 2. Reactive Transport Modeling of Geochemical Interactions Near the Cement-Formation Interface SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE CO2; storage; geochemistry; reactive transport ID DISSOLUTION AB A reactive transport modeling approach was used to assess key geochemical reactions between wellbore cement, formation mineralogy, and injected supercritical CO2 at the Krechba natural gas field at In Salah, Algeria. Characterization of these reactions is important for understanding changes in porosity and permeability and the propagation or sealing of fractures in the formation or wellbore cement. Experiments involving the reaction of CO2 with reservoir mineral assemblages and wellbore cement under in situ conditions, combined with geochemical modeling, were used to identify candidate reactive mineral phases and reaction rates specifically applicable to CO2 injection at In Salah. These findings informed a reactive transport model which considered advective transport of CO2 along the wellbore-formation interface and diffusive transport of CO2 and brine constituents into juxtaposed wellbore cement. Model results indicate shallow carbonation of the cement along the interface, leading to changes in cement porosity. Diffusive transport of cations such as Ca, Fe, and Al between the cement and formation materials results in mineralogical changes in the formation material immediately adjacent to the cement, including localized dissolution of calcite and precipitation of siderite, magnesite, gibbsite, smectite, and amorphous silica. In contrast to the cement, the modeled porosity changes in the formation material appear to be minor. Taken together, these results suggest (1) significant retardation of the rate of advance of CO2 along the interface, and (2) relatively minor impacts to permeability. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McNab, Walt W.; Carroll, Susan A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McNab, WW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 5195 EP 5202 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.497 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299705101 ER PT S AU Hawthorne, SB Miller, DJ Holubnyak, Y Harju, JA Kutchko, BG Strazisar, BR AF Hawthorne, Steven B. Miller, David J. Holubnyak, Yevhen Harju, John A. Kutchko, Barbara G. Strazisar, Brian R. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Experimental investigations of the effects of acid gas (H2S/CO2) exposure under geological sequestration conditions SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE acid gas; hydrogen sulfide; carbon dioxide; reactions; apparatus AB Acid gas (mixed CO2 and H2S) injection into geological formations is increasingly used as a disposal option. For example, more than 40 acid gas injection projects are currently operating in Alberta, Canada [1]. In contrast to pure CO2 injection, there is little understanding of the possible effects of acid gases under geological sequestration conditions on exposed materials ranging from reactions with reservoir minerals to the stability of proppants injected to improve oil recovery to the possible failure of wellbore cements. The number of laboratory studies investigating effects of acid gas has been limited by safety concerns and the difficulty in preparing and maintaining single-phase H2S/CO2 mixtures under the experimental pressures and temperatures required. In an effort to address the lack of experimental data addressing the potential effects of acid gas injection, the Plains CO2 Reduction Partnership (PCOR) in the United States has developed approaches using conventional syringe pumps (ISCO 260D pumps) and reactor vessels (Parr Instruments) to prepare and maintain H2S/CO2 mixtures under relevant sequestration conditions of temperature, pressure, and exposure to water and dissolved salts. Exposures up to several months can be conducted at temperatures and pressures up to 350 degrees C and 414 bar (6000 psi) using any desired H2S/CO2 mole ratio. Up to 16 individual samples racked in separate glass vials can be exposed at one time, and the use of separate glass vessels allows different salt brine concentrations to be evaluated. In addition to performing static exposure experiments, the pumps and vessels are sufficiently leak-free that reaction rates can be determined by monitoring mass flow at the pumps. Interestingly, this is much easier to perform for reactions with H2S than with CO2, because H2S is much less compressible and has lower Joule-Thompson heating/cooling effects than CO2. Thus, obtaining accurate values for the mass of CO2 used during an experiment based on pump volume is much more difficult than for H2S, although controlling the pump cylinder temperature with a water jacket allows reasonable measurements to be made. These systems have been used to determine reaction rates of model systems, such as the formation of magnesium carbonate from magnesium silicate and the formation of pyrite from iron oxide (Fe3O4). For example, the use of H2S (as measured at the pump) was steady at ca. 0.5 grams per day (for 18.6 grams of Fe3O4) until the reaction was complete. The half-life of the reaction was 20 days, and the mass balance (0.54 moles H2S actual compared to 0.48 moles theoretical) was reasonable. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hawthorne, Steven B.; Miller, David J.; Holubnyak, Yevhen; Harju, John A.] Univ North Dakota, Energy & Environm Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Kutchko, Barbara G.; Strazisar, Brian R.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Hawthorne, SB (reprint author), Univ North Dakota, Energy & Environm Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM shawthorne@undeerc.org FU Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory [DE-FC26-05NT42592] FX This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory under Award Number DE-FC26-05NT42592. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 5259 EP 5266 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.505 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299705109 ER PT S AU Ellis, BR Bromhal, GS McIntyre, DL Peters, CA AF Ellis, Brian R. Bromhal, Grant S. McIntyre, Dustin L. Peters, Catherine A. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Changes in caprock integrity due to vertical migration of CO2-enriched brine SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE Geologic carbon sequestration; Caprock integrity; Brine leakage; Carbonate caprock AB In geologic carbon sequestration, caprock fractures may act as leakage pathways, threatening the long term sealing ability of the formation. A flow-through experiment was performed to investigate fracture evolution of a fractured carbonate caprock during simulated leakage of CO2-acidified brine. The initial brine composition represented that of a CO2-saturated brine having previously reacted with the injection formation minerals resulting in a starting pH of 4.9. Experimental temperature and pressure conditions were 40 degrees C and 10 MPa, corresponding to injection at a depth of 1 km. A combination of X-ray computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy was used to observe fracture evolution and investigate the mineralogical changes that occurred along the fracture wall. After one week of brine flow, the cross-sectional fracture area increased by an average of 2.7 times that of the initial fracture. The fracture surface was not eroded uniformly, with the largest areas of aperture growth corresponding to direct contact between the acidified brine and calcite. This preferential dissolution of calcite led to a large increase in fracture surface roughness and in some instances, created a silicate mineral-rich microporous coating along the fracture wall. Results from this study suggest that the clay content of low permeability carbonate formations may be an important factor in controlling their long term integrity while in contact with acidified brine and should be considered when selecting appropriate injection sites for geologic CO2 sequestration. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ellis, Brian R.; Peters, Catherine A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Bromhal, Grant S.; McIntyre, Dustin L.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, US Dept Energy, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Peters, CA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM cap@princeton.edu RI Peters, Catherine/B-5381-2013 OI Peters, Catherine/0000-0003-2418-795X FU U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory; ORISE fellowship; Department of Energy [DE-FE0000749] FX The authors would like thank Dr. Hema Siriwardane (West Virginia University) for his help in fracturing the core, Dr. Bob Warzinski and Ms. Eilis Rosenbaum (National Energy Technology Laboratory) for their help with the micro-CT scanning, and Dr. Jinesh Jain (National Energy Technology Laboratory) for his assistance with the brine chemistry analysis. This project was supported through funding from the U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory, ORISE fellowship, and Department of Energy award number DE-FE0000749. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 5327 EP 5334 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.514 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299706001 ER PT S AU Huerta, NJ Bryant, SL Strazisar, BR Hessec, M AF Huerta, Nicolas J. Bryant, Steven L. Strazisar, Brian R. Hessec, Marc BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Dynamic alteration along a fractured cement/cement interface: Implications for long term leakage risk along a well with an annulus defect SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE wellbore; zonal isolation; cement; leakage; fracture ID ROCK FRACTURE; CEMENT; FLOW AB The long term fate of wells proximal to CO2 sequestration operations remains poorly understood. To date, experiments have shown that total degradation of well cement is unlikely [1] and that severe, uniform degradation of a conductive pathway can lead to self-healing of a fracture [2]. However these experiments did not carry out the degradation reactions while the (fractured) cement was under mechanical load comparable to subsurface conditions. A new experiment procedure that couples reactive flow through a fracture in cement with confining pressure has shown reaction along well defined flow channels along the fracture face. Injection of acidic (2 < pH < 3) aqueous solutions yielded effluent pH histories with a characteristic spike of rapid neutralization followed by a slow approach toward inlet pH. In all experiments, the effective hydraulic aperture after acid injection was smaller than the initial hydraulic aperture. This indicates that in a system with a slow leak of brine saturated with CO2 along a defect in a wellbore, the leakage rate would decrease over time. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Huerta, Nicolas J.; Bryant, Steven L.] Univ Texas Austin, Petr & Geosyst Engn Dept, 1Univ Stn C0300, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Huerta, Nicolas J.; Strazisar, Brian R.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Hessec, Marc] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Bryant, SL (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Petr & Geosyst Engn Dept, 1Univ Stn C0300, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM steven_bryant@mail.utexas.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy; National Energy Technology Laboratory; BP; Chevron; ConocoPhillips; ExxonMobil; Foundation CMG; Halliburton/Landmark Graphics; Luminant; Shell; Statoil FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory and by the sponsors of the Geologic CO2 Storage Industrial Associates Project at The University of Texas at Austin: BP, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, ExxonMobil, Foundation CMG, Halliburton/Landmark Graphics, Luminant, Shell and Statoil. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 5398 EP 5405 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.524 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299706011 ER PT S AU Sullivan, EC Hardage, BA McGrail, BP Davis, KN AF Sullivan, E. C. Hardage, B. A. McGrail, B. P. Davis, K. N. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Breakthroughs in Seismic and Borehole Characterization of Basalt Sequestration Targets SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE CO2; flood basalts; carbon sequestration ID WASHINGTON; OREGON; FLOWS AB Mafic continental flood basalts form a globally important, but under-characterized CO2 sequestration target. The Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) in the northwestern U. S. is up to 5 km thick and covers over 168,000 km(2). In India, flood basalts are 3 km thick and cover greater than 500,000 km(2). Laboratory experiments demonstrate that the CRBG and other basalts react with formation water and super critical (sc) CO2 to precipitate carbonates, thus adding a potential mineral trapping mechanism to the standard trapping mechanisms of most other types of CO2 sequestration reservoirs. Brecciated tops of individual basalt flows in the CRBG form regional aquifers that locally have greater than 30% porosity and three Darcies of permeability. Porous flow tops are potential sites for sequestration of gigatons of scCO(2) in areas where the basalts contain unpotable water and are at depths greater than 800 m. In this paper we report on the U. S. DOE Big Sky Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership surface seismic and borehole geophysical characterization that supports a field test of capacity, integrity, and geochemical reactivity of CRBG reservoirs in eastern Washington, U.S.A. Traditional surface seismic methods have had little success in imaging basalt features in on-shore areas where the basalt is thinly covered by sediment. Processing of the experimental 6.5 km, 5 line 3C seismic swath included constructing an elastic wavefield model, identifying and separating seismic wave modes, and processing the swath as a single 2D line. Important findings include: 1) a wide variety of shear wave energy modes swamp the P-wave seismic records; 2) except at very short geophone offsets, ground roll overprints P-wave signal; and 3) because of extreme velocity contrasts, P-wave events are refracted at incidence angles greater than 7-15 degrees. Subsequent removal of S-wave and other noise during processing resulted in tremendous improvement in image quality. The application of wireline logging to onshore basalts is underexploited. Full waveform sonic logs and resistivity-based image logs acquired in the 1250 m basalt pilot borehole provide powerful tools for evaluating geomechanics and lithofacies. The azimuth of the fast shear wave is parallel to S-H and records the changes through geologic time in basalt flow and tectonic stress tensors. Combined with image log data, azimuthal S-wave data provide a borehole technique for assessing basalt emplacement and cooling history that is related to the development of reservoirs and seals, as well as the orientation of tectonic stresses and fracture systems that could affect CO2 transport or containment. Reservoir and seal properties are controlled by basalt lithofacies, and rescaled P- and S-wave slowness curves, integrated with image logs, provide a tool for improved recognition of subsurface lithofacies. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sullivan, E. C.; McGrail, B. P.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hardage, B. A.] Univ Texas, Austin, TX USA. [Davis, K. N.] Washington State Univ, Washington, DC USA. RP Sullivan, EC (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 5615 EP 5622 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.551 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299706038 ER PT S AU Luckow, P Wise, MA Dooley, JJ AF Luckow, P. Wise, M. A. Dooley, J. J. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Deployment of CCS Technologies across the Load Curve for a Competitive Electricity Market as a Function of CO2 Emissions Permit Prices SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE carbon dioxide capture and storage; CCS; electricity generation; baseload; intermediate; subpeak; peak; climate change AB Consistent with other published studies, the modelling presented here reveals that baseload power plants are the first aspects of the electricity sector to decarbonize and are essentially decarbonized once CO2 permit prices exceed a certain threshold ($90/tonCO(2) in this study). The decarbonization of baseload electricity is met by significant expansions of nuclear power and renewable energy generation technologies as well as the application of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technologies applied to both coal and natural gas fired power plants. Relatively little attention has been paid thus far to whether intermediate and peaking units would respond the same way to a climate policy given the very different operational and economic context that these kinds of electricity generation units operate under. In this paper, the authors discuss key aspects of the load segmentation methodology used to imbed a varying electricity demand within the GCAM (a state-of-the-art Integrated Assessment Model) energy and economic modelling framework and present key results on the role CCS technologies could play in decarbonizng subpeak and peak generation (encompassing only the top 10% of the load) and under what conditions. To do this, the authors have modelled two hypothetical climate policies that require 50% and 80% reductions in US emissions from business as usual by the middle of this century. Intermediate electricity generation is virtually decarbonized once carbon prices exceed approximately $150/tonCO(2). When CO2 permit prices exceed $160/tonCO(2), natural gas power plants with CCS have roughly the same marketshare as conventional gas plants in serving subpeak loads. The penetration of CCS into peak load (upper 6% here) is minimal under the scenarios modeled here suggesting that CO2 emissions from this aspect of the U.S. electricity sector would persist well into the future even with stringent CO2 emission control policies in place. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Luckow, P.; Wise, M. A.; Dooley, J. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Luckow, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 3500, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. OI Dooley, James/0000-0002-2824-4344 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 5762 EP 5769 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.572 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299706057 ER PT S AU Burton, EA Ezzedine, S Reed, J Beyer, JH AF Burton, Elizabeth A. Ezzedine, Souheil Reed, John Beyer, John H. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Accelerating Carbon Capture and Sequestration Projects: Analysis and Comparison of Policy Approaches SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE California; policy; legislation; GHG emissions reductions; permitting; regulation; geologic sequestration AB Many states and countries have adopted or are in the process of crafting policies to enable geologic carbon sequestration projects. These efforts reflect the recognition that existing statutory and regulatory frameworks leave ambiguities or gaps that elevate project risk for private companies considering carbon sequestration projects, and/or are insufficient to address a government's mandate to protect the public interest. We have compared the various approaches that United States' state and federal governments have taken to provide regulatory frameworks to address carbon sequestration. A major purpose of our work is to inform the development of any future legislation in California, should it be deemed necessary to meet the goals of Assembly Bill 1925 (2006) to accelerate the adoption of cost-effective geologic sequestration strategies for the long-term management of industrial carbon dioxide in the state. Our analysis shows that diverse issues are covered by adopted and proposed carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) legislation and that many of the new laws focus on defining regulatory frameworks for underground injection of CO2, ambiguities in property issues, or assigning legal liability. While these approaches may enable the progress of early projects, future legislation requires a longer term and broader view that includes a quantified integration of CCS into a government's overall climate change mitigation strategy while considering potentially counterproductive impacts on CCS of other climate change mitigation strategies. Furthermore, legislation should be crafted in the context of a vision for CCS as an economically viable and widespread industry. In California, CCS is not included quantitatively as a strategy to reduce future greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In part, this reflects the focus of most state agencies on short term goals, such as the AB 32 goal to return California emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. It also reflects the lack of data necessary to predict how rapidly and to what degree CCS could be deployed to meet short or long term goals. The lack of timely consideration of CCS as a mitigation alternative, however, has the potential to lead, albeit unintentionally, to policies which may make CCS adoption less likely and more expensive in the long run. For example, consideration of the economic and other risks associated with CCS is presently a disincentive to adopt CCS if other alternatives, such as fuel switching, can meet legislated requirements to reduce carbon emissions. While an important function of new CCS legislation is enabling early projects, it must be kept in mind that applying the same laws or protocols in the future to a widespread CCS industry may result in business disincentives and compromise of the public interest in mitigating GHG emissions, particularly in cases where different stakeholders are responsible for capture, transport, and sequestration elements of a project. Protection of the public interest requires that monitoring and verification track the long term fate of pipelined CO2 regardless of its end use in order to establish that climate change goals are being met. Legislative mandates that require CO2 producers to verify carbon reductions via sequestration, and which are crafted under the assumption that CO2 capture, transport and storage is linear and maintained under a single stewardship, may result in reducing the incentive to participate in the efficiencies of a collective transport and sequestration system. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Burton, Elizabeth A.; Beyer, John H.] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Laborator, 1 Cyclotron Rd MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ezzedine, Souheil] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Reed, John] Calif Energy Commiss, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Burton, EA (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Laborator, 1 Cyclotron Rd MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 5778 EP 5785 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.574 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299706059 ER PT S AU Dooley, JJ Calvin, KV AF Dooley, J. J. Calvin, K. V. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Temporal and Spatial Deployment of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Technologies across the Representative Concentration Pathways SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE carbon dioxide capture and storage; representative concentration pathways; atmospheric stabilization; integrated assessment ID SCENARIOS AB The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fifth Assessment (to be published in 20132014) will to a significant degree be built around four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) that are intended to represent four scenarios of future development of greenhouse gas emissions, land use, and concentrations that span the widest range of potential future atmospheric radiative forcing. Under the very stringent climate policy implied by the 2.6 W/m(2) overshoot scenario, all electricity is eventually generated from low carbon sources. However, carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technologies never comprise more than 50% of total electricity generation in that very stringent scenario or in any of the other cases examined here. There are significant differences among the cases studied here in terms of how CCS technologies are used, with the most prominent being is the significant expansion of biomass+CCS as the stringency of the implied climate policy increases. Cumulative CO2 storage across the three cases that imply binding greenhouse gas constraints ranges by nearly an order of magnitude from 170GtCO(2) (radiative forcing of 6.0W/m(2) in 2100) to 1600GtCO(2) (2.6W/m(2) in 2100) over the course of this century. This potential demand for deep geologic CO2 storage is well within published estimates of total global CO2 storage capacity. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dooley, J. J.; Calvin, K. V.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Dooley, JJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 5825 Univ Res Court,Ste 3500, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM jj.dooley@pnl.gov OI Dooley, James/0000-0002-2824-4344; Calvin, Katherine/0000-0003-2191-4189 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 5845 EP 5852 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.583 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299706068 ER PT S AU Li, XC Wei, N Fang, ZM Li, Q Dahowski, RT Davidson, CL AF Li, X. C. Wei, N. Fang, Z. M. Li, Q. Dahowski, R. T. Davidson, C. L. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Early Opportunities of Carbon Capture and Storage in China SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE Early opportunities; CO2 geological storage; CCS deployment; source-site matching ID GEOLOGICAL STORAGE; CO2 STORAGE AB CCS technology is particularly important to China due to its large and rapidly rising emissions and high dependence on fossil fuel. There is a huge basin scale theoretical CO2 storage capacity in China; however the CCS deployments will consider firstly those matched source-sink pairs with early opportunities at present. This paper presents the key results of evaluation of early opportunities for the deployment of CCS technologies within China. The proximity analysis suggests that there also are many early opportunities for CCS deployment, such as the promising EOR/EGR opportunities from using high concentration CO2 sources. The combined benefits of short distance between sources and sinks, the potential hydrocarbon revenues and low CO2 capture cost make these pairs as promising near-term CCS candidates. These near-term CCS candidates can be deployed at very low cost or even with some revenue. In this paper, several sources-sink pairs in China are analyzed in details, such as, the pairs of high purity CO2 emission sources and aquifer, co-storage of waste gas stream and depleted gas fields, IGCC and aquifer. These early opportunities will provide China the chance to develop and spread CCS technologies steadily from early stage to commercial stage. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Li, X. C.; Wei, N.; Fang, Z. M.; Li, Q.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock & Soil Mech, State Key Lab Geomech & Geotech Engn, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. [Dahowski, R. T.; Davidson, C. L.] Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wei, N (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock & Soil Mech, State Key Lab Geomech & Geotech Engn, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. EM nwei@whrsm.ac.cn FU Energy FoundationBeijing Office [G-0810-10457]; Frontier Project from Chinese Academy of Sciences [KGCX2-YW-323-1] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support for this work provided by the Energy FoundationBeijing Office (G-0810-10457) and Frontier Project from Chinese Academy of Sciences (KGCX2-YW-323-1). NR 10 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 6029 EP 6036 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.607 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299706091 ER PT S AU Hund, G Greenberg, SE AF Hund, Gretchen Greenberg, Sallie E. BE Gale, J Hendriks, C Turkenberg, W TI Dual-track CCS stakeholder engagement: Lessons learned from FutureGen in Illinois SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY SEP 19-23, 2010 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE Stakeholder involvement; engagement; public perception; public acceptance; CCS; carbon capture and storage; site selection process AB FutureGen, as originally planned, was to be the world's first coal-fueled, near-zero emissions power plant with fully integrated, 90% carbon capture and storage (CCS). From conception through siting and design, it enjoyed strong support from multiple stakeholder groups, which benefited the overall project. Understanding the stakeholder engagement process for this project provides valuable insights into the design of stakeholder programs for future CCS projects. FutureGen is one of few projects worldwide that used open competition for siting both the power plant and storage reservoir. Most site proposals were coordinated by State governments. It was unique in this and other respects relative to the site selection method used on other DOE-supported projects. At the time of site selection, FutureGen was the largest proposed facility designed to combine an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) coal-fueled power plant with a CCS system. Stakeholder engagement by states and the industry consortium responsible for siting, designing, building, and operating the facility took place simultaneously and on parallel tracks. On one track were states spearheading state-wide site assessments to identify candidate sites that they wanted to propose for consideration. On the other track was a public-private partnership between an industry consortium of thirteen coal companies and electric utilities that comprised the FutureGen Alliance (Alliance) and the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE). The partnership was based on a cooperative agreement signed by both parties, which assigned the lead for siting to the Alliance. This paper describes the stakeholder engagement strategies used on both of these tracks and provides examples from the engagement process using the Illinois semi-finalist sites. (C) Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hund, Gretchen] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, 1100 Dexter Ave N,Ste 400, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Greenberg, Sallie E.] Illinois State Geol Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Hund, G (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, 1100 Dexter Ave N,Ste 400, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2011 VL 4 BP 6218 EP 6225 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.634 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYE96 UT WOS:000298299706118 ER PT S AU Bajt, S Chapman, HN Krzywinski, J Nelson, AJ Aquila, A Barthelmess, M AF Bajt, S. Chapman, H. N. Krzywinski, J. Nelson, A. J. Aquila, A. Barthelmess, M. BE McNulty, I Eyberger, C Lai, B TI Multilayer-Based Optics for High-Brightness X-ray Sources SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-ray Microscopy CY AUG 15-20, 2010 CL Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL SP US Dept Energy, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonnes X-ray Sci Div HO Univ Chicago DE X-ray optics; multilayers; x-ray FEL; damage ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; CARBON CONTAMINATION; HIGH-EFFICIENCY; ZONE PLATES; DIFFRACTION; HOLOGRAPHY; RADIATION; OPERATION; CAMERA AB High-brightness x-ray sources, such as next-generation synchrotrons and free-electron lasers (FELs), pose unique challenges for the development of x-ray optics. The peak intensities of FEL pulses can be high enough to convert any material placed in a focused beam into plasma. X-ray optics, which are used close to the focal spot, are likely to be partially or completely damaged in a single shot. Such optics would need to be replenished after each shot. Optics that are used in the unfocused or indirect beam may survive much longer, perhaps indefinitely, if care is used to limit the energy absorbed in the optics. Here we present different types of multilayer-based optics, which were used successfully in FEL experiments for reflecting, focusing, and filtering high-intensity, pulsed x-rays in a variety of novel science applications. C1 [Bajt, S.; Barthelmess, M.] DESY, Notkestr 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Krzywinski, J.] SLAC, Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Nelson, A. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Chapman, H. N.; Aquila, A.] DESY, Ctr Free Elect Laser Sci, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. RP Bajt, S (reprint author), DESY, Notkestr 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. FU European Community [RII3-CT-2004-506008 (IA SFS)]; U.S. Department of Energy at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center; Swedish Research Council; Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education FX We would like to acknowledge R. W. Lee, S. P. Hau-Riege, P. Mirkarimi (LLNL); E. Spiller (Spiller X-ray Optics); Sven Toleikis (DESY); J. Hajdu (Uppsala Univ.); L. Juha, J. Chalupsky (Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic); H.-C. Kang, B. Stephenson, J. Maser, A. Macrander, C. Liu (ANL); and E. M. Gullikson (LBNL) for their contributions and discussions. We also thank the FLASH staff at DESY and the support for access to FLASH by the European Community under contract RII3-CT-2004-506008 (IA SFS). Some of this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344; the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center; the Swedish Research Council; and the Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the U.S.Department of Energy, Office of Science,Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE AC02 05CH11231. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0925-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1365 BP 46 EP 51 DI 10.1063/1.3625301 PG 6 WC Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Microscopy; Physics GA BYH03 UT WOS:000298672400008 ER PT S AU Conley, R Bouet, N Lauer, K Carlucci-Dayton, M Biancarosa, J Boas, L Drannbauer, J Feraca, J Rosenbaum, L AF Conley, R. Bouet, N. Lauer, K. Carlucci-Dayton, M. Biancarosa, J. Boas, L. Drannbauer, J. Feraca, J. Rosenbaum, L. BE McNulty, I Eyberger, C Lai, B TI Multilayer Laue Lens Growth at NSLS-II SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-ray Microscopy CY AUG 15-20, 2010 CL Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL SP US Dept Energy, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonnes X-ray Sci Div HO Univ Chicago DE thin film; multilayer; Laue lens; sputter; deposition; x-ray; optics AB The new NSLS-II deposition laboratory has been commissioned to include a variety of thin-film characterization equipment and a next-generation deposition system [1]. The primary goal for this effort is R&D on the multilayer Laue lens (MLL) [2-4], which is a new type of x-ray optic with the potential for an unprecedented level of x-ray nano-focusing. This unique deposition system contains many design features in order to facilitate growth of combined depth-graded and laterally graded multilayers with precise thickness control over many thousands of layers, providing total film growth in one run of up to 100 mu m thick or greater. A precision in-vacuum linear motor servo system raster scans a substrate over an array of magnetrons with shaped apertures at well-defined velocities to affect a multilayer coating. The design, commissioning, and performance metrics of the NSLS-II deposition system will be discussed. Latest growth results of both MLL and reflective multilayers in this machine will be presented. C1 [Conley, R.; Bouet, N.; Lauer, K.; Carlucci-Dayton, M.; Biancarosa, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Boas, L.; Drannbauer, J.; Feraca, J.; Rosenbaum, L.] CVD Equipment Corp, Ronkonkoma, NY 11779 USA. RP Conley, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Conley, Ray/C-2622-2013; OI Bouet, Nathalie/0000-0002-5816-9429 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX The authors would like to thank Bernie Kosciuk for technical assistance with the laser interferometer measurements. This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0925-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1365 BP 69 EP 72 DI 10.1063/1.3625306 PG 4 WC Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Microscopy; Physics GA BYH03 UT WOS:000298672400013 ER PT S AU Liu, W Zschack, P Tischler, J Ice, G Larson, B AF Liu, W. Zschack, P. Tischler, J. Ice, G. Larson, B. BE McNulty, I Eyberger, C Lai, B TI X-ray Laue Diffraction Microscopy in 3D at the Advanced Photon Source SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-ray Microscopy CY AUG 15-20, 2010 CL Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL SP US Dept Energy, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonnes X-ray Sci Div HO Univ Chicago DE X-ray microscopy; Laue diffraction; micro-diffraction ID NANOPROBE AB Studies of materials on mesoscopic length-scales require a penetrating structural probe with submicron point-to-point spatial resolution. The principle research activities at beamline 34-ID-E of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) involve development of exciting new micro-/nano-diffraction techniques for characterization and microscopy in support of both applied engineering and fundamental materials research. Taking advantage of the high brightness of the source, advanced focusing mirrors, a novel depth profiling technique, and high-speed area detectors, three-dimensional scanning Laue diffraction microscopy provides detailed local structural information of crystalline materials, such as crystallographic orientation, orientation gradients, and strain tensors. It is general and applicable to single-crystal, polycrystalline, composite, deformed, and functionally graded materials. Applications include 3D diffraction investigations for a diverse and growing user community with interests in materials deformation, electro-migration, recrystallization, fatigue, solid-solution precipitation, high-pressure environments, and condensed matter physics. C1 [Liu, W.; Zschack, P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Tischler, J.; Ice, G.; Larson, B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM wjliu@anl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0925-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1365 BP 108 EP 111 DI 10.1063/1.3625316 PG 4 WC Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Microscopy; Physics GA BYH03 UT WOS:000298672400023 ER PT S AU Wojcik, MJ Joshi, V Sumant, AV Divan, R Ocola, LE Lu, M Mancini, DC AF Wojcik, M. J. Joshi, V. Sumant, A. V. Divan, R. Ocola, L. E. Lu, M. Mancini, D. C. BE McNulty, I Eyberger, C Lai, B TI Hard X-ray Zone Plates Using Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Molds SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-ray Microscopy CY AUG 15-20, 2010 CL Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL SP US Dept Energy, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonnes X-ray Sci Div HO Univ Chicago DE zone plates; x-rays; diamond; UNCD ID E-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; NANOFABRICATION; DEVICES AB While hard x-ray zone plates have made great advances recently towards improved resolution, their focusing efficiency requires further development. This problem becomes more important as higher-energy x-rays are used for x-ray microscopy. The current method for fabricating zone plates involves a dielectric mold, which is then electroplated into, but the materials used for this mold are not mechanically stiff enough for the zone plates desired. Ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) is a form of diamond that can be grown as a thin film by chemical vapor deposition and offers many of the physical properties of bulk diamond. Its mechanical stiffness, resistance to radiation damage, dielectric properties, and ability to be etched suggests UNCD as a capable mold material. Reported is progress in the fabrication of hard x-ray zone plates with gold electroformed into a UNCD mold. C1 [Wojcik, M. J.; Joshi, V.; Sumant, A. V.; Divan, R.; Ocola, L. E.; Mancini, D. C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wojcik, M. J.] IIT, B CPS Dept, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. [Lu, M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Mancini, D. C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wojcik, MJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We acknowledge the contributions of Alexandra Joshi-Imre and Daniel Rosenmann for their assistance in the zone plate fabrication and metrology. We would also like to acknowledge the contributions of Carlo Segre, John Katsoudas, and Edward Lang for their a ssistance with the radiation damage test. Use of the CNM and the APS was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0925-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1365 BP 112 EP 115 DI 10.1063/1.3625317 PG 4 WC Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Microscopy; Physics GA BYH03 UT WOS:000298672400024 ER PT S AU Rudati, J Irwin, J Tkachuk, A Andrews, JC Pianetta, P Feser, M AF Rudati, J. Irwin, J. Tkachuk, A. Andrews, J. C. Pianetta, P. Feser, M. BE McNulty, I Eyberger, C Lai, B TI A Condenser Scanner for Artifact-Free, Large Field of View, Full-Field X-ray Microscopy at Synchrotrons SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-ray Microscopy CY AUG 15-20, 2010 CL Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL SP US Dept Energy, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonnes X-ray Sci Div HO Univ Chicago DE Condenser scanner; nano-CT ID PHASE-CONTRAST MODE; TOMOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION AB Most full-field microscopes at synchrotrons exhibit a highly peaked illumination in the center of the field of view for stationary condenser and objective optics. This illumination pattern is typically reference-corrected by division with an image without the sample to correct for the uneven illumination. However, this correction does not rectify problems such as the poor signal-to-noise ratio away from the center and the variation in image quality across the field of view due to the unbalanced illumination. These non-uniformity issues affect imaging strategies that stitch several fields of view together as is needed for large samples. We present the implementation of a condenser scanner that time-averages the illumination on the sample, leading to vastly improved image uniformity and the avoidance of image artifacts. C1 [Rudati, J.; Irwin, J.; Tkachuk, A.; Feser, M.] Xradia Inc, 5052 Commercial Circle, Concord, CA 94520 USA. [Andrews, J. C.; Pianetta, P.] SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rudati, J (reprint author), Xradia Inc, 5052 Commercial Circle, Concord, CA 94520 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0925-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1365 BP 136 EP 139 PG 4 WC Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Microscopy; Physics GA BYH03 UT WOS:000298672400030 ER PT S AU Shu, D Maser, J Chu, Y Yan, H Nazaretski, E O'Hara, S Kearney, S Anton, J Quintana, J Shen, Q AF Shu, D. Maser, J. Chu, Y. Yan, H. Nazaretski, E. O'Hara, S. Kearney, S. Anton, J. Quintana, J. Shen, Q. BE McNulty, I Eyberger, C Lai, B TI Development of an Advanced Sample-Scanning Stage System Prototype for an MLL-Based Hard X-ray Nanoprobe SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-ray Microscopy CY AUG 15-20, 2010 CL Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL SP US Dept Energy, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonnes X-ray Sci Div HO Univ Chicago DE Nanopositioning; weak-link; flexure; laser interferometric encoder; x-ray nanoprobe AB The scientists and engineers at Argonne and Brookhaven are collaborating to develop a new nanopositioning system for the NSLS-II Hard X-ray Nanoprobe. In this paper we present the design and development of an advanced sample-scanning stage system prototype for an MLL-based hard x-ray nanoprobe. The design and prototyping activities for the Brookhaven NSLS-II nanopositioning system will also benefit the ongoing development of the Argonne CNM/APS MLL-based hard x-ray nanoprobe with hard x-ray focusing in the nanometer scale. C1 [Shu, D.; Maser, J.; Kearney, S.; Anton, J.; Quintana, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chu, Y.; Yan, H.; Nazaretski, E.; O'Hara, S.; Shen, Q.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shu, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02- 06CH11357, DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors would like to thank D. Nocher, R. Ranay, and T. Buffington from Argonne National Laboratory fortheir help in the development of laminar weak-link mechanisms. The work at Argonne is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02- 06CH11357. The work at Brookhaven is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0925-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1365 BP 144 EP 147 PG 4 WC Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Microscopy; Physics GA BYH03 UT WOS:000298672400032 ER PT S AU Simos, N Chu, YS Broadbent, A Nazaretski, E Margulies, L Dyling, O Shen, Q Fallier, M AF Simos, N. Chu, Y. S. Broadbent, A. Nazaretski, E. Margulies, L. Dyling, O. Shen, Q. Fallier, M. BE McNulty, I Eyberger, C Lai, B TI Achieving Vibration Stability of the NSLS-II Hard X-ray Nanoprobe Beamline SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-ray Microscopy CY AUG 15-20, 2010 CL Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL SP US Dept Energy, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonnes X-ray Sci Div HO Univ Chicago DE HXN beamline; vibration; stability; satellite building AB The hard x-ray nanoprobe (HXN) beamline of the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) requires high levels of stability in order to achieve the desired instrument resolution. To ensure that the design of the endstation helps meet the stringent criteria and that natural and cultural vibration is mitigated both passively and actively, a comprehensive study complimentary to the design process has been undertaken. Vibration sources that have the potential to disrupt sensitive experiments such as wind, traffic, and NSLS II operating systems have been studied using state-of-the-art simulations and an array of field data. Further, final stage vibration isolation principles have been explored. C1 [Simos, N.; Chu, Y. S.; Broadbent, A.; Nazaretski, E.; Margulies, L.; Dyling, O.; Shen, Q.; Fallier, M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Simos, N (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0925-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1365 BP 148 EP 151 PG 4 WC Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Microscopy; Physics GA BYH03 UT WOS:000298672400033 ER PT S AU Behyan, S Haines, B Karanukaran, C Wang, J Obst, M Tyliszczak, T Urquhart, SG AF Behyan, S. Haines, B. Karanukaran, C. Wang, J. Obst, M. Tyliszczak, T. Urquhart, S. G. BE McNulty, I Eyberger, C Lai, B TI Surface Detection in a STXM Microscope SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-ray Microscopy CY AUG 15-20, 2010 CL Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL SP US Dept Energy, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonnes X-ray Sci Div HO Univ Chicago DE STXM; TEY-STXM; NEXAFS; sample current; single electron counting ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; SPECTROMICROSCOPY; SPECTROSCOPY; BEAMLINE; FILMS AB We have modified scanning transmission x-ray microscopes (STXM) at the Canadian Light Source and the Advanced Light Source with total electron yield (TEY) detection (TEY-STXM). This provides improved surface-sensitive detection, simultaneous with existing bulk-sensitive transmission detection in the STXM microscopes. We have explored sample-current and channeltron-based electron yield detection. Both approaches provide improved surface sensitive imaging and spectroscopy, although channeltron-based detection is superior. TEY-STXM provides surface sensitive imaging of ultrathin films such as phase-separated Langmuir-Blodgett monolayer films, as well as differentiation of surface and bulk oxides of patterned metallic thin films. This paper will outline the experimental challenges of this method and the opportunities for correlative surface and bulk measurements of complex samples. C1 [Behyan, S.; Haines, B.; Urquhart, S. G.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Chem, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. [Karanukaran, C.; Wang, J.; Obst, M.] Univ Saskatchewan, Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. [Obst, M.] Univ Tubingen, Ctr Appl Geosci, Tubingen, Germany. [Tyliszczak, T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Behyan, S (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Chem, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. RI Wang, Jian/M-1805-2013; Urquhart, Stephen/A-6237-2014 OI Urquhart, Stephen/0000-0002-6415-6341 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI); Nexen Inc; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; National Research Council (NRC); Canadian Institute for Health Research (CIHR); University of Saskatchewan FX Urquhart is supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI), and research support from Nexen Inc. The Advanced Light Source (ALS) is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. The Canadian Light Source (CLS) is supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada, the National Research Council (NRC), the Canadian Institute for Health Research (CIHR), and the University of Saskatchewan. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0925-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1365 BP 184 EP 187 PG 4 WC Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Microscopy; Physics GA BYH03 UT WOS:000298672400042 ER PT S AU Paterson, D de Jonge, MD Howard, DL Lewis, W McKinlay, J Starritt, A Kusel, M Ryan, CG Kirkham, R Moorhead, G Siddons, DP AF Paterson, D. de Jonge, M. D. Howard, D. L. Lewis, W. McKinlay, J. Starritt, A. Kusel, M. Ryan, C. G. Kirkham, R. Moorhead, G. Siddons, D. P. BE McNulty, I Eyberger, C Lai, B TI The X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy Beamline at the Australian Synchrotron SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-ray Microscopy CY AUG 15-20, 2010 CL Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL SP US Dept Energy, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonnes X-ray Sci Div HO Univ Chicago DE SXRF; synchrotron beamline design; hard x-ray microprobe ID DETECTOR SYSTEM AB A hard x-ray micro-nanoprobe has commenced operation at the Australian Synchrotron providing versatile x-ray fluorescence microscopy across an incident energy range from 4 to 25 keV. Two x-ray probes are used to collect mu-XRF and mu-XANES for elemental and chemical microanalysis: a Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror microprobe for micron resolution studies and a Fresnel zone plate nanoprobe capable of 60-nm resolution. Some unique aspects of the beamline design and operation are discussed. An advanced energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence detection scheme named Maia has been developed for the beamline, which enables ultrafast x-ray fluorescence microscopy. C1 [Paterson, D.; de Jonge, M. D.; Howard, D. L.; Lewis, W.; McKinlay, J.; Starritt, A.; Kusel, M.] Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Ryan, C. G.; Kirkham, R.; Moorhead, G.] CSIRO, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Siddons, D. P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Paterson, D (reprint author), Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. RI Moorhead, Gareth/B-6634-2009; Ryan, Chris/A-6032-2011; de Jonge, Martin/C-3400-2011; Kirkham, Robin/C-9786-2010 OI Moorhead, Gareth/0000-0002-9299-9549; Ryan, Chris/0000-0003-2891-3912; Kirkham, Robin/0000-0003-1012-3496 FU Australian Synchrotron FX We are grateful for advice and support from D. Cohen, P. Eng, M. Rivers, P. Murray, J. Kelly, B. Lai, I. McNulty, J. Maser, S. Vogt, B. Hornberger, T. Beetz and the staff of the Australian Synchrotron. NR 14 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0925-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1365 BP 219 EP 222 PG 4 WC Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Microscopy; Physics GA BYH03 UT WOS:000298672400050 ER PT S AU Hruszkewycz, SO Holt, MV Proffit, DL Highland, MJ Imre, A Maser, J Eastman, JA Bai, GR Fuoss, PH AF Hruszkewycz, S. O. Holt, M. V. Proffit, D. L. Highland, M. J. Imre, A. Maser, J. Eastman, J. A. Bai, G. R. Fuoss, P. H. BE McNulty, I Eyberger, C Lai, B TI Bragg Coherent Diffraction Imaging of Epitaxial Nanostructures Using Focused Hard X-ray Ptychography SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-ray Microscopy CY AUG 15-20, 2010 CL Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL SP US Dept Energy, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonnes X-ray Sci Div HO Univ Chicago DE Coherent diffraction; focused hard x-rays; bismuth oxide; Hard X-ray Nanoprobe ID STRAIN AB We present a data collection approach for nanofocused Bragg coherent x-ray diffraction imaging (CXDI), a technique that can extend the resolution of x-ray nanoprobes and isolate individual nanostructures for study. Nanofocused Bragg CXDI uses hard x-rays focused to <100 nm to measure volumetric diffraction peaks with curved phase illumination. Here, we discuss the experimental challenges associated with this measurement and present the first coherent Bragg volumes measured from an individual beta-Bi2O3 epitaxial nanocrystal. C1 [Hruszkewycz, S. O.; Proffit, D. L.; Highland, M. J.; Eastman, J. A.; Bai, G. R.; Fuoss, P. H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Holt, M. V.; Imre, A.; Maser, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Proffit, D. L.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Hruszkewycz, SO (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013; Eastman, Jeffrey/E-4380-2011; OI Eastman, Jeff/0000-0002-0847-4265 FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work, including the use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials and the Advanced Photon Source, was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0925-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1365 BP 235 EP 238 DI 10.1063/1.3625347 PG 4 WC Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Microscopy; Physics GA BYH03 UT WOS:000298672400054 ER PT S AU Shapiro, D Chubar, O Reininger, R Sanchez-Hanke, C AF Shapiro, D. Chubar, O. Reininger, R. Sanchez-Hanke, C. BE McNulty, I Eyberger, C Lai, B TI Optimization of the Coherent Intensity from Multi-Segment Undulators by Phase Matching SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-ray Microscopy CY AUG 15-20, 2010 CL Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL SP US Dept Energy, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonnes X-ray Sci Div HO Univ Chicago DE Undulator radiation; coherence; x-ray sources ID RAY-DIFFRACTION MICROSCOPY; INSERTION DEVICES; COMPUTER CODE; RADIATION AB The use of inline insertion devices at third-generation synchrotron radiation sources can result in destructive interference effects if the relative phase between the devices is not properly adjusted. The destructive interference can strongly affect the emission spectrum and coherent wavefront of a compound insertion device. We simulate the photon source generated by a dual-inline elliptically polarizing undulator (EPU) situated in a low-beta straight section of the planned NSLS-II storage ring and show that a magnetic chicane with adjustable field integral can be used to phase-match the devices. Furthermore, we show that the maximum coherent intensity is delivered by a focusing x-ray beamline if the chicane is adjusted to phase-match the off-axis and red-shifted radiation. Such a system will be installed at the coherent soft x-ray (CSX) beamline of the NSLS-II in order to provide the highest possible coherent flux for coherent soft x-ray scattering experiments. C1 [Shapiro, D.; Chubar, O.; Reininger, R.; Sanchez-Hanke, C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shapiro, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Chubar, Oleg/B-6286-2014 FU National Synchrotron Light Source and NSLS-II; Brookhaven National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Support of this work at the National Synchrotron Light Source and NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0925-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1365 BP 281 EP 284 DI 10.1063/1.3625359 PG 4 WC Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Microscopy; Physics GA BYH03 UT WOS:000298672400066 ER PT S AU Tripathi, A Shpyrko, O McNulty, I AF Tripathi, A. Shpyrko, O. McNulty, I. BE McNulty, I Eyberger, C Lai, B TI Influence of Noise and Missing Data on Reconstruction Quality in Coherent X-ray Diffractive Imaging SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-ray Microscopy CY AUG 15-20, 2010 CL Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL SP US Dept Energy, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonnes X-ray Sci Div HO Univ Chicago DE Coherent diffractive imaging; phase retrieval; ptychography ID MICROSCOPY AB Coherent x-ray diffractive imaging (CXDI) is a microscopy technique that numerically inverts measured diffraction intensities to arrive at the complex index of refraction of the specimen under investigation. We explore here the performance of scanning CXDI using the Difference Map algorithm when using diffraction with degraded signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and diffraction with missing regions, due to, for example, a beam stop. We quantify reconstruction quality as a function of SNR using the concept of the phase retrieval transfer function which seeks to identify a cutoff spatial resolution up to which we can trust spatial features in the image. We also explore reconstruction degradation as a function of missing data region size. C1 [Tripathi, A.; Shpyrko, O.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [McNulty, I.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tripathi, A (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001805] FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Work at the University of California, San Diego was supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-SC0001805. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0925-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1365 BP 305 EP 308 DI 10.1063/1.3625365 PG 4 WC Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Microscopy; Physics GA BYH03 UT WOS:000298672400072 ER PT S AU Monteiro, PJM Mancio, M Kirchheim, AP Chae, R Ha, J Fischer, P Tyliszczak, T AF Monteiro, P. J. M. Mancio, M. Kirchheim, A. P. Chae, R. Ha, J. Fischer, P. Tyliszczak, T. BE McNulty, I Eyberger, C Lai, B TI Soft X-ray Microscopy of Green Cements SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-ray Microscopy CY AUG 15-20, 2010 CL Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL SP US Dept Energy, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonnes X-ray Sci Div HO Univ Chicago DE Calcium silicates; cement; in-situ reaction; soft x-ray microscopy ID TRANSMISSION MICROSCOPY; CALCIUM HYDROXIDE; HYDRATION; GROWTH AB The present status of the cement and concrete industry is not sustainable. The production of Portland cement is responsible for 7% of the CO2 emissions in the world and existing reinforced concrete infrastructure is deteriorating at a fast pace. The change in the existing technology requires new developments in our understanding of the nanostructure of hydration products and the complex deterioration reactions. We have been developing an elaborate research program to advance the existing cement and concrete science by characterizing its nanostructure by synchrotron radiation. A new generation of green cements is being studied using high-resolution soft x-ray microscopy at the nano-level. C1 [Monteiro, P. J. M.; Mancio, M.; Chae, R.; Ha, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kirchheim, A. P.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Civil Engn, BR-90035190 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Fischer, P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tyliszczak, T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Monteiro, PJM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Kirchheim, Ana /B-4380-2009; Fischer, Peter/A-3020-2010; Mancio, Mauricio/H-8246-2014 OI Kirchheim, Ana /0000-0002-8241-0331; Fischer, Peter/0000-0002-9824-9343; Mancio, Mauricio/0000-0002-0736-7249 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; CAPES; CNPq from Brazil; [KUS-l1-004021] FX This publication was based on work supported in part by Award No. KUS-l1-004021, made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). The operation of the soft X-ray microscope at the Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Ana Paula Kirchheim acknowledges the financial support of CAPES and CNPq from Brazil. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0925-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1365 BP 351 EP 356 DI 10.1063/1.3625376 PG 6 WC Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Microscopy; Physics GA BYH03 UT WOS:000298672400083 ER PT S AU Brettholle, M Gleber, SC Mekiffer, B Legnini, D McNulty, I Vogt, S Wessolek, G Thieme, J AF Brettholle, M. Gleber, S. -C. Mekiffer, B. Legnini, D. McNulty, I. Vogt, S. Wessolek, G. Thieme, J. BE McNulty, I Eyberger, C Lai, B TI Spatially Resolved Sulfur Speciation in Urban Soils SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-ray Microscopy CY AUG 15-20, 2010 CL Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL SP US Dept Energy, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonnes X-ray Sci Div HO Univ Chicago DE Sulfur; XANES; urban soil; elemental mapping ID EDGE XANES SPECTROSCOPY AB A combination of x-ray microscopy, elemental mapping, and XANES spectroscopy at the K-absorption edge of sulfur was used to analyze the elemental and particulate composition of an urban soil loaded with building rubble from WWII, exemplarily from Berlin, Germany. This combination of element specific high-resolution microscopy with high spectral resolution capabilities allows for the determination of elemental composition as well as chemical speciation and is therefore well suited for the analysis of highly heterogeneous environmental samples. Different soil and debris constituents could be assigned to elemental distribution patterns within collected fluorescence maps, allowing for a detailed analysis of the sulfur pool and release from war debris in subsequent studies. A detailed understanding of this sulfur lixiviation is central to preserve urban water quality. C1 [Brettholle, M.; Gleber, S. -C.] Univ Gottingen, Inst Xray Phys, Friedr Hund Pl 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Gleber, S. -C.; Legnini, D.; McNulty, I.; Vogt, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Mekiffer, B.; Wessolek, G.] TU Berlin, Inst Ecol, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [Thieme, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS II Project, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brettholle, M (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Xray Phys, Friedr Hund Pl 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RI Thieme, Juergen/D-6814-2013 FU DFG [Th445/11-1, We1125/26-1, Gl681/1-1]; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work has been supported by the DFG under contract numbers Th445/11-1, We1125/26-1 and Gl681/1-1. Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We would like to thank the staff of the APS for providing excellent working conditions. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0925-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1365 BP 361 EP 364 DI 10.1063/1.3625378 PG 4 WC Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Microscopy; Physics GA BYH03 UT WOS:000298672400085 ER PT S AU Gleber, SC Vogt, S Niemeyer, J Finney, L McNulty, I Thieme, J AF Gleber, S. -C. Vogt, S. Niemeyer, J. Finney, L. McNulty, I. Thieme, J. BE McNulty, I Eyberger, C Lai, B TI Hard X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy to Determine the Element Distribution of Soil Colloids in Aqueous Environment SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-ray Microscopy CY AUG 15-20, 2010 CL Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL SP US Dept Energy, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonnes X-ray Sci Div HO Univ Chicago DE Soil colloids; colloid interaction; element distribution; x-ray fluorescence microscopy ID TRANSPORT; SPECTROMICROSCOPY; CONTAMINANTS AB A prominent feature of soil colloids is their huge specific surface. It determines colloidal properties such as adsorption capacity or diffusion. The colloidal interactions differ significantly from the behavior of the same materials in a bulk system. Interactions in the colloidal regime are crucial, for example, for the transport and release of nutrients and toxicants in soils, which then influences directly the growth of plants. However, there is still a need for more analytical resources to study those interactions. To reveal the correlation of the particular trace elements and their distribution in correlation to colloidal interactions as well as changing pH values, experiments at the hard x-ray fluorescence microprobe at beamline 2-ID-E of the Advanced Photon Source (APS), were performed with colloidal clay and soil samples in an aqueous environment as naturally relevant. To obtain further spatial information, stereo imaging has been used. To study the dynamical behavior of these colloidal suspensions at changing pH, a wet sample chamber allowing in situ manipulation was developed and utilized. C1 [Gleber, S. -C.] Univ Gottingen, Inst Rontgenphys, Friedrich Hund Pl 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Vogt, S.; Finney, L.; McNulty, I.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Niemeyer, J.] Univ Gottingen, Dept Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften, Gottingen, Germany. [Thieme, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gleber, SC (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Rontgenphys, Friedrich Hund Pl 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RI Thieme, Juergen/D-6814-2013 FU DFG [GL 681/1-1]; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We would like to thank the staff of APS for providing excellent working conditions. Special thanks go to Joe Arco for the construction of the dynamic holder, to Chris Roehrig for implementing the remote control of the syringe pump, and to Jesse Ward for his help with spontaneous questions on the conduct of the experiments. This work has been supported by the DFG under contract numbers GL 681/1-1. Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0925-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1365 BP 365 EP 368 DI 10.1063/1.3625379 PG 4 WC Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Microscopy; Physics GA BYH03 UT WOS:000298672400086 ER PT S AU Sedlmair, J Gleber, SC Ozturk, S Pfohl, T Guttmann, P Wirick, S Thieme, J AF Sedlmair, J. Gleber, S. -C. Oeztuerk, S. Pfohl, T. Guttmann, P. Wirick, S. Thieme, J. BE McNulty, I Eyberger, C Lai, B TI X-Ray Spectromicroscopy of Biomolecular Matter and Soils SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-ray Microscopy CY AUG 15-20, 2010 CL Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL SP US Dept Energy, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonnes X-ray Sci Div HO Univ Chicago DE X-ray spectromicroscopy; carbon nanotubes; soil AB The aim of this study is the comparison of samples at dry and aqueous ambient conditions. Especially in biological and environmental sciences, x-ray spectromicroscopy is a powerful tool for investigating key questions, e. g., the study of structures in soil samples or cells showing dimensions on the nanoscale, concurrently gaining insight into chemical interactions. The spectral range around the C K-edge, in the so-called water window (285 eV - 523 eV), is especially well suited for the samples mentioned above, since it allows for working under aqueous and natural conditions. Exemplarily we present x-ray spectromicroscopy experiments of three different samples of high carbon content to demonstrate the importance of a sample environment as close to natural conditions as possible. C1 [Sedlmair, J.; Gleber, S. -C.] Univ Gottingen, Inst Rontgenphys, Friedrich Hund Pl 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Pfohl, T.] Univ Basel, Dept Chem, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland. [Wirick, S.; Thieme, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sedlmair, J (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Rontgenphys, Friedrich Hund Pl 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RI Thieme, Juergen/D-6814-2013; Guttmann, Peter/H-9869-2015; Pfohl, Thomas/D-7296-2016 OI Guttmann, Peter/0000-0002-0534-238X; Pfohl, Thomas/0000-0002-7879-5216 FU DFG within the Collaborative Research Center SFB 755 "Nanoscale Photonic Imaging" within project B5 "X-Ray Spectromicrosopy of Biomolecular Matter in the Environment"; NSLS; BESSY II FX This work has been supported by the DFG within the Collaborative Research Center SFB 755 Nanoscale Photonic Imaging within project B5 X-Ray Spectromicrosopy of Biomolecular Matter in the Environment. We would like to thank the staff from NSLS and BESSY II for their support and providing excellent working conditions.Harald Zanker from Forschungszentrum Rossendorf is gratefully acknowledged for providing us with the CNTs. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0925-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1365 BP 369 EP 372 DI 10.1063/1.3625380 PG 4 WC Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Microscopy; Physics GA BYH03 UT WOS:000298672400087 ER PT S AU Wu, A Paunesku, T Zhang, Z Vogt, S Lai, B Maser, J Yaghmai, V Li, D Omary, RA Woloschak, GE AF Wu, A. Paunesku, T. Zhang, Z. Vogt, S. Lai, B. Maser, J. Yaghmai, V. Li, D. Omary, R. A. Woloschak, G. E. BE McNulty, I Eyberger, C Lai, B TI A Multimodal Nanocomposite for Biomedical Imaging SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-ray Microscopy CY AUG 15-20, 2010 CL Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL SP US Dept Energy, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonnes X-ray Sci Div HO Univ Chicago DE Multimodal nanoconjugate; magnetic resonance imaging; x-ray computed tomography; x-ray fluorescence microscopy ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; CONTRAST AGENT; NANOPARTICLES; SEQUENCE AB A multimodal nanocomposite was designed, synthesized with super-paramagnetic core (CoFe2O4), noble metal corona (Au), and semiconductor shell (TiO2). The sizes of core, core-corona, and core-corona-shell particles were determined by TEM. This multimodal nanocrystal showed promise as a contrast agent for two of the most widely used biomedical imaging techniques: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and x-ray computed tomography (CT). Finally, these nanocomposites were coated with a peptide SN-50. This led to their ready uptake by the cultured cells and targeted the nanocomposites to the pores of nuclear membrane. Inside cells, this nanocomposite retained its integrity as shown by x-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM). Inside cells imaged by XFM we found the complex elemental signature of nanoconjugates (Ti-Co-Fe-Au) always co-registered in the 2D elemental map of the cell. C1 [Wu, A.; Paunesku, T.; Woloschak, G. E.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Paunesku, T.; Zhang, Z.; Yaghmai, V.; Li, D.; Omary, R. A.] Northwestern Univ, Radiat Dept, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Maser, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wu, A (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013; Wu, Aiguo/C-1837-2015; Paunesku, Tatjana/A-3488-2017; Woloschak, Gayle/A-3799-2017 OI Wu, Aiguo/0000-0001-7200-8923; Paunesku, Tatjana/0000-0001-8698-2938; Woloschak, Gayle/0000-0001-9209-8954 FU NIH [CA107467, EB002100, P50 CA89018, U54CA119341]; DOE [FG02-04 ER 63920]; Special Support Program of President of Chinese Academy of Sciences [090424WP01]; Ningbo Natural Science Foundation of China [200901A6007019, 2010A610159]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported in part by the following NIH grants: CA107467, EB002100, P50 CA89018, U54CA119341; and by DOE FG02-04 ER 63920; the Special Support Program of President of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.:090424WP01); and Ningbo Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 200901A6007019 and No. 2010A610159). Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We also thank both the cell imaging facility center and the NUANCE Center at NorthwesternUniversity for providing TEM and AFM equipment and also thank Dr. Shuyou Li and Mr. Lennell Reynolds for TEM imaging help. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0925-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1365 BP 379 EP 383 DI 10.1063/1.3625382 PG 5 WC Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Microscopy; Physics GA BYH03 UT WOS:000298672400089 PM 24817775 ER PT S AU Wolford, J Chishti, Y Ward, J Vogt, S Finney, L AF Wolford, J. Chishti, Y. Ward, J. Vogt, S. Finney, L. BE McNulty, I Eyberger, C Lai, B TI XFM of "Trace Metals" in Cultured Cells: Framing the Picture SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-ray Microscopy CY AUG 15-20, 2010 CL Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL SP US Dept Energy, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonnes X-ray Sci Div HO Univ Chicago DE Zinc; copper; human embryonic stem cells; human microvascular endothelial cells; differentiation / pluripotency; x-ray fluorescence microscopy ID STEM-CELLS; METALLOTHIONEIN AB Encouraged by our recent x-ray fluorescence microprobe analysis revealing subcellular metal relocation in two special cell types, we are working to identify the role of zinc and copper in these cells. In verifying that metal ion dynamics are not artifactual, particularly where some samples have been chemically fixed, a comparison of our past results with samples studied with cryofixation and immunofluorescence add validation to our previous findings. Our work demonstrating cryofixation in human microvascular endothelial cells and metallothionein immunofluorescence in stem cells is presented. C1 [Wolford, J.; Chishti, Y.; Finney, L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ward, J.; Vogt, S.; Finney, L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne 60439, IL 60439 USA. RP Wolford, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors thank Siva S. K. Dasa for support in the maintenance of our stem cell cultures. This work, including use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0925-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1365 BP 388 EP 390 DI 10.1063/1.3625384 PG 3 WC Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Microscopy; Physics GA BYH03 UT WOS:000298672400091 ER PT S AU Yuan, Y Paunesku, T Arora, H Ward, J Vogt, S Woloschak, G AF Yuan, Y. Paunesku, T. Arora, H. Ward, J. Vogt, S. Woloschak, G. BE McNulty, I Eyberger, C Lai, B TI Interrogation of EGFR-Targeted Uptake of TiO2 Nanoconjugates by X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-ray Microscopy CY AUG 15-20, 2010 CL Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL SP US Dept Energy, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonnes X-ray Sci Div HO Univ Chicago DE Nanoconjugates; TiO2; peptides; EGFR ID EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; NUCLEAR-LOCALIZATION; RECEPTOR AB We are developing TiO2 nanoconjugates that can be used as therapeutic and diagnostic agents. Nanoscale TiO2 can be surface conjugated with various molecules and has the unique ability to induce the production of reactive oxygen species after radiation activation. One way to improve the potential clinical usefulness of TiO2 nanoparticles is to control their delivery to malignant cells by targeting them to cancer-cell-specific antigens. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one potential target that is enriched in epithelial cancers and is rapidly internalized after ligand binding. Hence, we have synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles and functionalized them with a short EGFR-binding peptide to create EGFR-targeted NCs. X-ray fluorescence microscopy was used to image nanoconjugates within EGFR-positive HeLa cells. Further labeling of fixed cells with antibodies against EGFR and Protein A nanogold showed that TiO2 nanoconjugates can colocalize with receptors at the cell's plasma membrane. Interestingly, with increased incubation times, EGFR-targeted nanoconjugates could also be found colocalized with EGFR within the cell nucleus. This suggests that EGFR-targeted nanoconjugates can bind the receptor at the cell membrane, which leads to the internalization of NC-receptor complexes and the subsequent transport of nanoconjugates into the nucleus. C1 [Yuan, Y.; Paunesku, T.; Arora, H.; Woloschak, G.] Northwestern Univ, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Ward, J.; Vogt, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. RP Yuan, Y (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RI Paunesku, Tatjana/A-3488-2017; Woloschak, Gayle/A-3799-2017 OI Paunesku, Tatjana/0000-0001-8698-2938; Woloschak, Gayle/0000-0001-9209-8954 FU NIH [CA107467]; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NIH/NCI [T32CA09560] FX This work was supported in part by the NIH grant CA107467. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Ye Yuan is supported in part by NIH/NCI training grant T32CA09560. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0925-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1365 BP 423 EP 426 DI 10.1063/1.3625393 PG 4 WC Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Microscopy; Physics GA BYH03 UT WOS:000298672400100 PM 25284907 ER PT S AU Harder, R Xiao, X AF Harder, R. Xiao, X. BE McNulty, I Eyberger, C Lai, B TI Coherent Cone-Beam X-ray Microscopy SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-ray Microscopy CY AUG 15-20, 2010 CL Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL SP US Dept Energy, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonnes X-ray Sci Div HO Univ Chicago DE Cone-beam imaging; synchrotron radiation; hard x-ray microscopy; coherence ID RECONSTRUCTION AB A novel full-field imaging method using the (111) Bragg diffraction of a sub-micron gold crystal as the divergent cone-beam for sample illumination is reported. The divergence of the illumination allows for very high magnification, limited only by the achievable ratio of the crystal-to-sample and sample-to-detector distances. In this case an x-ray magnification of approximately 115 was achieved. C1 [Harder, R.; Xiao, X.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Harder, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0925-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1365 BP 429 EP 432 DI 10.1063/1.3625394 PG 4 WC Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Microscopy; Physics GA BYH03 UT WOS:000298672400101 ER PT S AU Kim, S Chen, YK Putkunz, CT Dunand, DC McNulty, I AF Kim, S. Chen, Y. K. Putkunz, C. T. Dunand, D. C. McNulty, I. BE McNulty, I Eyberger, C Lai, B TI Use of Justified Constraints in Coherent Diffractive Imaging SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on X-ray Microscopy CY AUG 15-20, 2010 CL Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL SP US Dept Energy, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonnes X-ray Sci Div HO Univ Chicago DE Coherent diffractive imaging; phase retrieval; x-ray diffraction ID NANOPOROUS GOLD AB We demonstrate the use of physically justified object constraints in x-ray Fresnel coherent diffractive imaging on a sample of nanoporous gold prepared by dealloying. Use of these constraints in the reconstruction algorithm enabled highly reliable imaging of the sample's shape and quantification of the 23- to 52-nm pore structure within it without use of a tight object support constraint. C1 [Kim, S.; Chen, Y. K.; McNulty, I.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chen, Y. K.; Dunand, D. C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Materials Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Putkunz, C. T.] La Trobe Univ, Dept Phys, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. [McNulty, I.] Coherent X ray Sci, Melbourne, Vic 24600, Australia. RP Kim, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Dunand, David/0000-0001-5476-7379 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We are grateful to Q. Shen for encouraging this project. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0925-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1365 BP 441 EP 444 DI 10.1063/1.3625397 PG 4 WC Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Microscopy; Physics GA BYH03 UT WOS:000298672400104 ER PT S AU Clark, JA AF Clark, J. A. BE Covello, A Gargano, A TI Expansion of the radioactive ion beam program at Argonne SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL SPRING SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS: NEW QUESTS IN NUCLEAR STRUCTURE SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Spring Seminar on Nuclear Physics: New Quests in Nuclear Structure CY MAY 21-25, 2010 CL Vietri sul Mare, ITALY SP Univ Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, Istituto Nazl Fisica Nucl, Univ Napoli Federico II ID F-18(P,ALPHA)O-15 REACTION AB The Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System (ATLAS) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) provides a wide range of stable ion beams and radioactive beams which have contributed to our understanding of nuclear structure and reactions. Until now, most radioactive ion beams at ATLAS were produced in flight using light-ion reactions such as, (p, n), (d, n),(d, p), (d, He-3), and (He-3, n). Within the next few months, the radioactive ion beam program at ATLAS will acquire much extended, new capabilities with the commissioning of a new facility: the CAlifornium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade (CARIBU). CARIBU will supply ion beams of Cf-252 fission fragments, which are thermalized in a gas catcher. The singly- and doubly-charged ions extracted from the gas catcher will be mass-separated and either delivered to a low-energy experimental area, or charge bred with a modified ECR source and subsequently reaccelerated by the ATLAS facility. Properties of hundreds of these neutron-rich nuclides will be investigated using ion traps, decay stations, the newly commissioned HELical Orbit Spectrometer (HELIOS), and other available experimental equipment such as Gammasphere and the FMA. HELIOS was constructed to take advantage of rare ion beams, such as those provided by CARIBU, through light-ion transfer reactions in inverse kinematics, and represents a new approach to the study of direct reactions in inverse kinematics which avoids kinematic broadening. Experiments are currently being conducted with HELIOS, and first results with the d(Si-28,p) and d(B-12,p) reactions have shown excellent energy resolution. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Clark, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jclark@phy.anl.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 267 AR 012002 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/267/1/012002 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BVJ67 UT WOS:000291671800002 ER PT B AU Boakye, K Vinyals, O Friedland, G AF Boakye, Kofi Vinyals, Oriol Friedland, Gerald GP Int Speech Commun Assoc TI Improved Overlapped Speech Handling for Speaker Diarization SO 12TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOCIATION 2011 (INTERSPEECH 2011), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Conference of the International-Speech-Communication-Association 2011 (INTERSPEECH 2011) CY AUG 27-31, 2011 CL Florence, ITALY SP Int Speech Commun Assoc DE speaker diarization; overlap detection AB We present our ongoing work in addressing the issue of overlapped speech in speaker diarization through the use of overlap segmentation, overlapped speech exclusion, and overlap segment labeling. Using feature analysis, we identify the most salient features from a candidate list including those from our previous system and a set of newly proposed features. In addition, through independent optimization of overlap exclusion and labeling, we obtain a relative diarization error rate improvement of 15.1% on a sampled subset of the AMI Meeting Corpus, more than double our previous result. When analyzed independently, we show that the performance improvement due to overlapped speech exclusion now rivals that of an oracle system using reference overlap segments. C1 [Boakye, Kofi] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Boakye, K (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM kofi@llnl.gov; vinyals@icsi.berkeley.edu; fractor@icsi.berkeley.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISCA-INT SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOC PI BAIXAS PA C/O EMMANUELLE FOXONET, 4 RUE DES FAUVETTES, LIEU DIT LOUS TOURILS, BAIXAS, F-66390, FRANCE BN 978-1-61839-270-1 PY 2011 BP 948 EP 951 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BEG84 UT WOS:000316502200239 ER PT S AU Ramalho, G Tsushima, K AF Ramalho, G. Tsushima, K. BE Armstrong, D Burkert, V Chen, JP Detmold, W Dudek, J Melnitchouk, W Richards, D TI Valence quark contributions for the gamma N -> P-11 (1440) transition SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MESON-NUCLEON PHYSICS AND THE STRUCTURE OF THE NUCLEON (MENU 2010) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Meson-Nucleon Physics and the Structure of the Nucleon (MENU) CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2010 CL Campus Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys (IUPAP), Jefferson Lab, Jefferson Sci Associates (JSA), Forschungszentrum Julich HO Campus Coll William & Mary DE Covariant quark model; Roper electroproduction; Meson cloud ID NUCLEON AB A covariant spectator quark model is applied to estimate the valence quark contributions to the F-1(*) (Q(2)) and F-2(*) (Q(2)) transition form factors for the gamma N -> P-11(1440) reaction. The Roper resonance, P-11(1440), is assumed to be the first radial excitation of the nucleon. The model requires no extra parameters except for those already fixed by the previous studies for the nucleon. The results are consistent with the experimental data in the high Q(2) region, and those from the lattice QCD. Finally the model is also applied to estimate the meson cloud contributions from the CLAS and MAID analysis. C1 [Ramalho, G.] Ctr Fis Teor Particulas, Av Rovisco Pais, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. [Tsushima, K.] EBAC & Theory Ctr, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Ramalho, G (reprint author), Ctr Fis Teor Particulas, Av Rovisco Pais, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. FU Portuguese Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) [SFRH/BPD/26886/2006]; LLC; U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23177]; The U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive; U.S. Government purposes FX The authors would like to thank V. D. Burkert for the invitation. G. R. thanks the organizers for the financial support. G. R. was supported by the Portuguese Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) under the grant SFRH/BPD/26886/2006. Notice: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. The U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publishor reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purposes. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0934-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1374 DI 10.1063/1.3647158 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BZL59 UT WOS:000301943300067 ER PT J AU Toloczko, MB Olszta, MJ Bruemmer, SM AF Toloczko, Mychailo B. Olszta, Matthew J. Bruemmer, Stephen M. BE Busby, JT Ilevbare, G Andresen, PL TI ONE DIMENSIONAL COLD ROLLING EFFECTS ON STRESS CORROSION CRACK GROWTH IN ALLOY 690 TUBING AND PLATE MATERIALS SO 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS IN NUCLEAR POWER SYSTEMS-WATER REACTORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactors CY AUG 07-11, 2011 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP The Minerals, Met & Mat Soc (TMS), NACE Int, Amer Nucl Soc (ANS), Japan Inst Met, Japan Soc Corros Engn, ANT Int, LCC Program, Atom Energy Canada (AECL EACL), Domin Engn Inc, Elect Power Res Inst (EPRI), GE Global Res, GE Nucl Energy Hitachi, OECD Halden Reactor Project, Inst Energy Technol, Idaho Natl Lab (INL), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst (KAERI), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Light Water Reactor Sustainabil Program, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Struct Integr Associates Inc, Studsvik Nucl AB, US Nucl Regulatory Commission (U S NRC), VTT Ind Syst DE alloy 690; PWSCC; CRDM; plate; cold rolling; crack growth rate AB Stress corrosion crack-growth experiments have been performed on cold-rolled alloy 690 materials in simulated PWR primary water at 360 degrees C. Extruded alloy 690 CRDM tubing in two conditions, thermally treated (TT) and solution annealed (SA), was cold rolled (CR) in one direction to several reductions reaching a maximum of 31% and tested in the S-L orientation. High stress corrosion cracking (SCC) propagation rates (similar to 8x10(-8) mm/s) were observed for the 31% CR alloy 690TT material, while the 31% CR alloy 690SA exhibited 10X lower rates. The difference in intergranular SCC susceptibility appears to be related to grain boundary carbide distribution before cold rolling. SCC growth rates were found to depend on test temperature and hydrogen concentration. Tests were also performed on two alloy 690 plate heats, one CR to a reduction of 26% and the other to 20%. SCC growth rates at 360 degrees C were similar to that measured for the 31% CR alloy 690TT CRDM tubing. Comparisons will be made to other results on CR alloy 690 materials. C1 [Toloczko, Mychailo B.; Olszta, Matthew J.; Bruemmer, Stephen M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Toloczko, MB (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-11813-241-8 PY 2011 BP 91 EP 106 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BGX39 UT WOS:000324493000007 ER PT J AU Alexandreanu, B Chen, YR Natesan, K Shack, B AF Alexandreanu, Bogdan Chen, Yiren Natesan, Ken Shack, Bill BE Busby, JT Ilevbare, G Andresen, PL TI CYCLIC AND SCC BEHAVIOR OF ALLOY 690 HAZ IN A PWR ENVIRONMENT SO 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS IN NUCLEAR POWER SYSTEMS-WATER REACTORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactors CY AUG 07-11, 2011 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP The Minerals, Met & Mat Soc (TMS), NACE Int, Amer Nucl Soc (ANS), Japan Inst Met, Japan Soc Corros Engn, ANT Int, LCC Program, Atom Energy Canada (AECL EACL), Domin Engn Inc, Elect Power Res Inst (EPRI), GE Global Res, GE Nucl Energy Hitachi, OECD Halden Reactor Project, Inst Energy Technol, Idaho Natl Lab (INL), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst (KAERI), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Light Water Reactor Sustainabil Program, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Struct Integr Associates Inc, Studsvik Nucl AB, US Nucl Regulatory Commission (U S NRC), VTT Ind Syst DE Stress Corrosion Cracking; Alloy 690 HAZ AB The objective of this work is to determine the cyclic and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) crack growth rates (CGRs) in a simulated PWR water environment for Alloy 690 heat affected zone (HAZ). In order to meet the objective, an Alloy 152 J-weld was produced on a piece of Alloy 690 tubing, and the test specimens were aligned with the HAZ. The environmental enhancement of cyclic CGRs for Alloy 690 HAZ was comparable to that measured for the same alloy in the as-received condition. The two Alloy 690 HAZ samples tested exhibited maximum SCC CGR rates of 10(-11) m/s in the simulated PWR environment at 320 degrees C, however, on average, these rates are similar or only slightly higher than those for the as-received alloy. C1 [Alexandreanu, Bogdan; Chen, Yiren; Natesan, Ken; Shack, Bill] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Alexandreanu, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-11813-241-8 PY 2011 BP 109 EP 125 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BGX39 UT WOS:000324493000008 ER PT J AU Alexandreanu, B Chen, YR Natesan, K Shack, B AF Alexandreanu, Bogdan Chen, Yiren Natesan, Ken Shack, Bill BE Busby, JT Ilevbare, G Andresen, PL TI SCC BEHAVIOR OF ALLOY 152 WELD IN A PWR ENVIRONMENT SO 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS IN NUCLEAR POWER SYSTEMS-WATER REACTORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactors CY AUG 07-11, 2011 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP The Minerals, Met & Mat Soc (TMS), NACE Int, Amer Nucl Soc (ANS), Japan Inst Met, Japan Soc Corros Engn, ANT Int, LCC Program, Atom Energy Canada (AECL EACL), Domin Engn Inc, Elect Power Res Inst (EPRI), GE Global Res, GE Nucl Energy Hitachi, OECD Halden Reactor Project, Inst Energy Technol, Idaho Natl Lab (INL), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst (KAERI), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Light Water Reactor Sustainabil Program, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Struct Integr Associates Inc, Studsvik Nucl AB, US Nucl Regulatory Commission (U S NRC), VTT Ind Syst DE Stress Corrosion Cracking; Alloy 152 weld AB The objective of this work is to determine the crack growth rates (CGRs) in a simulated PWR water environment for Alloy 152. In order to meet the objective, specimens made from a laboratory-prepared Alloy 152 double-J weld in the as-welded condition were tested. For the SCC CGR measurements, the specimens were pre-cracked under cyclic loading in a primary water environment, and the cyclic CGRs were monitored to determine the transition from the fatigue transgranular fracture mode to the intergranular SCC fracture mode. The environmental enhancement of cyclic CGRs for Alloy 152 was minimal; nevertheless, the transition from transgranular to intergranular cracking was successful. Weld samples tested from the single heat of Alloy 152 exhibited SCC CGR rates of 10(-11) m/s in the simulated PWR environment at 320 degrees C, which was about an order of magnitude lower than typical for Alloy 182. C1 [Alexandreanu, Bogdan; Chen, Yiren; Natesan, Ken; Shack, Bill] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Alexandreanu, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-11813-241-8 PY 2011 BP 179 EP 196 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BGX39 UT WOS:000324493000012 ER PT J AU Toloczko, MB Olszta, MJ Bruemmer, SM AF Toloczko, M. B. Olszta, M. J. Bruemmer, S. M. BE Busby, JT Ilevbare, G Andresen, PL TI STRESS CORROSION CRACK GROWTH OF ALLOY 52M IN SIMULATED PWR PRIMARY WATER SO 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS IN NUCLEAR POWER SYSTEMS-WATER REACTORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactors CY AUG 07-11, 2011 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP The Minerals, Met & Mat Soc (TMS), NACE Int, Amer Nucl Soc (ANS), Japan Inst Met, Japan Soc Corros Engn, ANT Int, LCC Program, Atom Energy Canada (AECL EACL), Domin Engn Inc, Elect Power Res Inst (EPRI), GE Global Res, GE Nucl Energy Hitachi, OECD Halden Reactor Project, Inst Energy Technol, Idaho Natl Lab (INL), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst (KAERI), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Light Water Reactor Sustainabil Program, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Struct Integr Associates Inc, Studsvik Nucl AB, US Nucl Regulatory Commission (U S NRC), VTT Ind Syst DE alloy 52M; PWSCC; crack growth rate AB Crack-growth experiments have been performed on five different alloy 52M welds in simulated PWR primary water at 350 degrees C or 360 degrees C. The alloy 52M test matrix included V-groove and narrow-gap welds, an overlay on alloy 182, and an inlay on alloy 82. For the overlay and inlay materials, crack growth rates are reported only on the alloy 52M weld well beyond the dilution zone. In one of the narrow gap welds, the crack path was oriented to pass through a distribution of pre-existing weld cracks and their influence on stress-corrosion behavior is evaluated. Intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) is observed in several alloy 52M welds, however propagation rates remain below 5x10(-9) mm/s in all cases. Comparisons will be made to our previous SCC measurements on alloy 152 and 52 welds. C1 [Toloczko, M. B.; Olszta, M. J.; Bruemmer, S. M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Toloczko, MB (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-11813-241-8 PY 2011 BP 225 EP 243 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BGX39 UT WOS:000324493000014 ER PT J AU Alexandreanu, B Chen, YR Natesan, K Shack, B AF Alexandreanu, Bogdan Chen, Yiren Natesan, Ken Shack, Bill BE Busby, JT Ilevbare, G Andresen, PL TI CYCLIC AND SCC BEHAVIOR OF ALLOY 52M/182 WELD OVERLAY IN A PWR ENVIRONMENT SO 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS IN NUCLEAR POWER SYSTEMS-WATER REACTORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactors CY AUG 07-11, 2011 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP The Minerals, Met & Mat Soc (TMS), NACE Int, Amer Nucl Soc (ANS), Japan Inst Met, Japan Soc Corros Engn, ANT Int, LCC Program, Atom Energy Canada (AECL EACL), Domin Engn Inc, Elect Power Res Inst (EPRI), GE Global Res, GE Nucl Energy Hitachi, OECD Halden Reactor Project, Inst Energy Technol, Idaho Natl Lab (INL), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst (KAERI), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Light Water Reactor Sustainabil Program, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Struct Integr Associates Inc, Studsvik Nucl AB, US Nucl Regulatory Commission (U S NRC), VTT Ind Syst DE Stress Corrosion Cracking; Alloy 52M; Weld overlay AB The objective of this work is to investigate the behavior of a crack initiated in Alloy 182 as it approaches the Alloy 52M WOL interface. For this purpose, an Alloy 52M WOL was deposited on a double-J Alloy 182 weld. Compact tension specimens were fabricated with the notch in Alloy 182 and oriented towards the WOL, and tested in a simulated PWR environment. The first such test revealed that the SCC rates in Alloy 182 were found to decrease by an order of magnitude ahead of the interface, and that the crack advanced from Alloy 182 into Alloy 52M. The post test examination found that crack branching occurred at the interface between the two alloys. Growth in Alloy 52M along the interface appears severe, approx. 10(-10) m/s. While for the most part (70%) the crack propagated along the interface, SCC cracking was also found to extend into Alloy 52M along the original direction. This cracking is substantial, yielding SCC rates of 10(-11) m/s. C1 [Alexandreanu, Bogdan; Chen, Yiren; Natesan, Ken; Shack, Bill] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Alexandreanu, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-11813-241-8 PY 2011 BP 245 EP 266 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BGX39 UT WOS:000324493000015 ER PT J AU Bruemmer, SM Olszta, MJ Toloczko, MB Thomas, LE AF Bruemmer, S. M. Olszta, M. J. Toloczko, M. B. Thomas, L. E. BE Busby, JT Ilevbare, G Andresen, PL TI High-Resolution Characterizations of Grain Boundary Damage and Stress Corrosion Cracks in Cold-Rolled Alloy 690 SO 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS IN NUCLEAR POWER SYSTEMS-WATER REACTORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactors CY AUG 07-11, 2011 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP The Minerals, Met & Mat Soc (TMS), NACE Int, Amer Nucl Soc (ANS), Japan Inst Met, Japan Soc Corros Engn, ANT Int, LCC Program, Atom Energy Canada (AECL EACL), Domin Engn Inc, Elect Power Res Inst (EPRI), GE Global Res, GE Nucl Energy Hitachi, OECD Halden Reactor Project, Inst Energy Technol, Idaho Natl Lab (INL), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst (KAERI), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Light Water Reactor Sustainabil Program, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Struct Integr Associates Inc, Studsvik Nucl AB, US Nucl Regulatory Commission (U S NRC), VTT Ind Syst DE alloy 690; grain boundaries; cold work; stress corrosion cracking; PWR primary water AB Unidirectional cold rolling has been shown to promote intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) in alloy 690 tested in PWR primary water. High-resolution scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been employed to investigate the microstructural reasons for this enhanced susceptibility in two stages, first examining grain boundary damage produced by cold rolling and second by characterization of stress corrosion crack tips. The degree of permanent grain boundary damage from cold rolling was found to depend directly on the initial IG precipitate distribution. Cold rolling to high levels of reduction was discovered to produce small IG voids and cracked carbides in alloys with a high density of grain boundary carbides. For the same degree of cold rolling, alloys with few IG carbides exhibited much less permanent damage. Although this difference in grain boundary damage appears to correlate with measured SCC growth rates, crack tip examinations reveal no interaction between the pre-existing voids and cracked carbides with the propagation. In many cases, these features appeared to blunt propagation of IGSCC cracks. High-resolution characterizations are described for cold-rolled alloy 690 CRDM tubing and plate materials to gain insights into IGSCC mechanisms. C1 [Bruemmer, S. M.; Olszta, M. J.; Toloczko, M. B.; Thomas, L. E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bruemmer, SM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-11813-241-8 PY 2011 BP 301 EP 314 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BGX39 UT WOS:000324493000017 ER PT J AU Olszta, MJ Schreiber, DK Thomas, LE Bruemmer, SM AF Olszta, Matthew J. Schreiber, Daniel K. Thomas, Larry E. Bruemmer, Stephen M. BE Busby, JT Ilevbare, G Andresen, PL TI Penetrative Internal Oxidation from Alloy 690 Surfaces and Stress Corrosion Crack Walls during Exposure to PWR Primary Water SO 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS IN NUCLEAR POWER SYSTEMS-WATER REACTORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactors CY AUG 07-11, 2011 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP The Minerals, Met & Mat Soc (TMS), NACE Int, Amer Nucl Soc (ANS), Japan Inst Met, Japan Soc Corros Engn, ANT Int, LCC Program, Atom Energy Canada (AECL EACL), Domin Engn Inc, Elect Power Res Inst (EPRI), GE Global Res, GE Nucl Energy Hitachi, OECD Halden Reactor Project, Inst Energy Technol, Idaho Natl Lab (INL), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst (KAERI), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Light Water Reactor Sustainabil Program, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Struct Integr Associates Inc, Studsvik Nucl AB, US Nucl Regulatory Commission (U S NRC), VTT Ind Syst DE Alloy 690; penetrative oxidation; SCC AB Analytical electron microscopy and three-dimensional atom probe tomography (ATP) examinations of surface and near-surface oxidation have been performed on Ni-30%Cr alloy 690 materials after exposure to high-temperature, simulated PWR primary water. The oxidation nanostructures have been characterized at crack walls after stress-corrosion crack growth tests and at polished surfaces of unstressed specimens for the same alloys. Localized oxidation was discovered for both crack walls and surfaces as continuous filaments (typically <10 nm in diameter) extending from the water interface into the alloy 690 matrix reaching depths of similar to 500 nm. These filaments consisted of discrete, plate-shaped Cr2O3 particles surrounded by a distribution of nanocrystalline, rock-salt (Ni-Cr-Fe) oxide. The oxide-containing filament depth was found to increase with exposure time and, at longer times, the filaments became very dense at the surface leaving only isolated islands of metal. Individual dislocations were oxidized in non-deformed materials, while the oxidation path appeared to be along more complex dislocation substructures in heavily deformed materials. This paper will highlight the use of high resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopy in combination with APT to better elucidate the microstructure and microchemistry of the filamentary oxidation. C1 [Olszta, Matthew J.; Schreiber, Daniel K.; Thomas, Larry E.; Bruemmer, Stephen M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Olszta, MJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-11813-241-8 PY 2011 BP 331 EP 342 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BGX39 UT WOS:000324493000019 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Alexandreanu, B Yang, Y Shack, WJ Natesan, K Gruber, EE Rao, AS AF Chen, Y. Alexandreanu, B. Yang, Y. Shack, W. J. Natesan, K. Gruber, E. E. Rao, A. S. BE Busby, JT Ilevbare, G Andresen, PL TI Crack Growth Behavior of Irradiated Type 316 SS in Low Dissolved Oxygen Environment SO 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS IN NUCLEAR POWER SYSTEMS-WATER REACTORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactors CY AUG 07-11, 2011 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP The Minerals, Met & Mat Soc (TMS), NACE Int, Amer Nucl Soc, Japan Inst Met, Japan Soc Corros Engn, ANT Int, LCC Program, Atom Energy Canada (AECL EACL), Domin Engn Inc, Elect Power Res Inst, GE Global Res, GE Nucl Energy Hitachi, OECD Halden Reactor Project, Inst Energy Technol, Idaho Natl Lab (INL), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst (KAERI), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Light Water Reactor Sustainabil Program, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Struct Integr Associates Inc, Studsvik Nucl AB, US Nucl Regulatory Commission (U S NRC), VTT Ind Syst DE IASCC; Stainless steels; BWR; HWC; Crack growth rate ID STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING AB Cracking susceptibility of austenitic stainless steels is known to be affected by dissolved oxygen (DO) or corrosion potential. In low-DO environments, crack growth rate (CGR) is significantly lower than that in high-DO environments. A strong dependence of CGR on corrosion potential has also been seen in irradiated stainless steels. While it has been shown that reducing the potential can reduce the CGRs of irradiated SSs, some high-dose specimens have shown elevated CGRs even in low potential environments. Thus, it is not clear how irradiation affects the dependence of CGR on corrosion potential. In the present study, a disk-shaped compact tension specimen of Type 316 SS was tested in low-DO environment. The specimen had been irradiated in the BOR-60 reactor to 5 dpa at 320 degrees C. Post-irradiation CGR tests were performed in a low-DO environment. The effect of unloading on crack growth behavior in low-DO environment is discussed. C1 [Chen, Y.; Alexandreanu, B.; Shack, W. J.; Natesan, K.; Gruber, E. E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Yang, Y.] Univ Florida, Nucl & Radiolog Engn Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Rao, A. S.] US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research; U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission [N-6519] FX This work is sponsored by the Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, under Job Code N-6519; Program Manager: Appajosula S. Rao. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-11813-241-8 PY 2011 BP 1169 EP 1182 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BGX39 UT WOS:000324493000071 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Alexandreanu, B Soppet, WK Shack, WJ Natesan, K Rao, AS AF Chen, Y. Alexandreanu, B. Soppet, W. K. Shack, W. J. Natesan, K. Rao, A. S. BE Busby, JT Ilevbare, G Andresen, PL TI Slow Strain Rate Tensile Tests of Irradiated Austenitic Stainless Steels in Simulated PWR Environment SO 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS IN NUCLEAR POWER SYSTEMS-WATER REACTORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactors CY AUG 07-11, 2011 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP The Minerals, Met & Mat Soc (TMS), NACE Int, Amer Nucl Soc, Japan Inst Met, Japan Soc Corros Engn, ANT Int, LCC Program, Atom Energy Canada (AECL EACL), Domin Engn Inc, Elect Power Res Inst, GE Global Res, GE Nucl Energy Hitachi, OECD Halden Reactor Project, Inst Energy Technol, Idaho Natl Lab (INL), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst (KAERI), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Light Water Reactor Sustainabil Program, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Struct Integr Associates Inc, Studsvik Nucl AB, US Nucl Regulatory Commission (U S NRC), VTT Ind Syst DE IASCC; stainless steels; PWR; slow strain rate tensile ID STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AB Irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking is of concern for the safe and economic operation of light water reactors. In this study, cracking susceptibility of austenitic stainless steels was investigated by using slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) tests in a simulated pressurized water reactor (PWR) environment. The specimens were irradiated to 5, 10, and 48 dpa in the BOR60 reactor at 320 degrees C. The SSRT results showed that yield strength was increased significantly in irradiated specimens while ductility and strain hardening capability were decreased. Irradiation hardening was found to be saturated below 10 dpa. The irradiated yield strength of cold-worked specimens was higher than that of solution-annealed specimens. Fractographic examinations were also performed on the tested specimens, and the dominant fracture morphology was ductile dimples. Intergranular cracking was rarely seen on the fracture surface. Transgranular cleavage cracking, however, was found more frequently on the specimen tested in simulated PWR environment. C1 [Chen, Y.; Alexandreanu, B.; Soppet, W. K.; Shack, W. J.; Natesan, K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rao, A. S.] US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission [N6519] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. O. K. Chopra for his invaluable contribution to this program. Dr. Raj Pathania and Dr. Peter Scott are acknowledged for arranging irradiations through the Cooperative IASCC Research (CIR) program. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Regis P. Shogan and Mr. Anders Jenssen for transferring the irradiated specimens from Russia. We are also grateful to W. H. Cullen, Jr., R. Tregoning, and S. Crane for many helpful discussions and suggestions. This work is sponsored by the Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, under Job Code N6519; Program Manager: A. S. Rao. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-11813-241-8 PY 2011 BP 1277 EP 1289 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BGX39 UT WOS:000324493000078 ER PT J AU Olszta, MJ Schreiber, DK Thomas, LE Bruemmer, SM AF Olszta, Matthew J. Schreiber, Daniel K. Thomas, Larry E. Bruemmer, Stephen M. BE Busby, JT Ilevbare, G Andresen, PL TI Electron Microscopy Characterizations and Atom Probe Tomography of Intergranular Attack in Alloy 600 Exposed to PWR Primary Water SO 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS IN NUCLEAR POWER SYSTEMS-WATER REACTORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactors CY AUG 07-11, 2011 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP The Minerals, Met & Mat Soc (TMS), NACE Int, Amer Nucl Soc (ANS), Japan Inst Met, Japan Soc Corros Engn, ANT Int, LCC Program, Atom Energy Canada (AECL EACL), Domin Engn Inc, Elect Power Res Inst (EPRI), GE Global Res, GE Nucl Energy Hitachi, OECD Halden Reactor Project, Inst Energy Technol, Idaho Natl Lab (INL), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst (KAERI), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Light Water Reactor Sustainabil Program, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Struct Integr Associates Inc, Studsvik Nucl AB, US Nucl Regulatory Commission (U S NRC), VTT Ind Syst DE alloy 600; intergranular stress corrosion cracking; corrosion; intergranular attack; grain boundary; internal oxidation; internal sulfidation ID STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; OXIDATION; SULFUR; SULFIDATION; INITIATION AB Detailed examinations of intergranular attack (IGA) in alloy 600 were performed after exposure to simulated PWR primary water at 325 degrees C for 500 h. High-resolution analyses of IGA characteristics were conducted on specimens with either a 1 mu m diamond or 1200-grit SiC surface finish using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography techniques. The diamond-polish finish with very little preexisting subsurface damage revealed attack of high-energy grain boundaries that intersected the exposed surface to depths approaching similar to 2 mu m. In all cases, IGA from the surface is localized oxidation consisting of porous, nanocrystalline MO-structure and spinel particles along with regions of faceted wall oxidation. Surprisingly, this continuous IG oxidation transitions to discontinuous, discrete Cr-rich sulfide particles up to similar to 50 nm in diameter. In the vicinity of the sulfides, the grain boundaries were severely Cr depleted (to <1 at%) and enriched in S. The 1200 grit SiC finish surface exhibited a preexisting highly strained recrystallized layer of elongated nanocrystalline matrix grains. Similar IG oxidation and leading sulfide particles were found, but the IGA depth was typically confined to the near-surface (similar to 400 nm) recrystallized region. Difference in IGA for the two surface finishes indicates that the formation of grain boundary sulfides occurs during the exposure to PWR primary water. The source of S remains unclear, however it is not present as sulfides in the bulk alloy nor is it segregated to bulk grain boundaries. C1 [Olszta, Matthew J.; Schreiber, Daniel K.; Thomas, Larry E.; Bruemmer, Stephen M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Olszta, MJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-11813-241-8 PY 2011 BP 1503 EP 1516 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BGX39 UT WOS:000324493000093 ER PT J AU Tan, LZ Yang, Y Allen, TR Busby, JT AF Tan, Lizhen Yang, Ying Allen, Todd R. Busby, Jeremy T. BE Busby, JT Ilevbare, G Andresen, PL TI Computational Thermodynamics for Interpreting Oxidation of Structural Materials in Supercritical Water SO 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS IN NUCLEAR POWER SYSTEMS-WATER REACTORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactors CY AUG 07-11, 2011 CL Colorado Springs, CO SP The Minerals, Met & Mat Soc (TMS), NACE Int, Amer Nucl Soc (ANS), Japan Inst Met, Japan Soc Corros Engn, ANT Int, LCC Program, Atom Energy Canada (AECL EACL), Domin Engn Inc, Elect Power Res Inst (EPRI), GE Global Res, GE Nucl Energy Hitachi, OECD Halden Reactor Project, Inst Energy Technol, Idaho Natl Lab (INL), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst (KAERI), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Light Water Reactor Sustainabil Program, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Struct Integr Associates Inc, Studsvik Nucl AB, US Nucl Regulatory Commission (U S NRC), VTT Ind Syst DE oxidation; thermodynamics; diffusion ID CORROSION BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS AB The Supercritical water-cooled reactor (SCWR) is one of the advanced nuclear reactors being developed to meet the soaring energy demand. The corrosion resistance of structural materials used in the SCWR becomes one of the major concerns as the operation conditions are raised up to similar to 600 degrees C and similar to 25 MPa as compared to pressurized water reactors (PWRs) at similar to 315 degrees C and similar to 15.5 MPa. Oxidation has been observed as the major corrosion behavior. To mitigate the oxidation corrosion, stabilities of metals and oxides need to be understood with respect to environmental temperature and oxygen partial pressure. Computational thermodynamics provides a practical approach to assess phase stabilities of such multicomponent multi-variable systems. In this study, calculated phase stability diagrams of alloys and corresponding oxides were used to guide the interpretation of oxidation behavior of SCW-exposed structural materials. Examples include ferritic-martensitic steel, austenitic steels and Ni-base alloy, e. g., HCM12A (Fe-11Cr), D9 (Fe-15Cr-15Ni), 800H (Fe-21Cr-32Ni), and 690 (Ni-30Cr-10Fe). Calculated results are in good overall consistence with the experimental data. C1 [Tan, Lizhen; Busby, Jeremy T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tan, LZ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Tan, Lizhen/A-7886-2009; Yang, Ying/E-5542-2017 OI Tan, Lizhen/0000-0002-3418-2450; Yang, Ying/0000-0001-6480-2254 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-11813-241-8 PY 2011 BP 1909 EP 1917 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BGX39 UT WOS:000324493000114 ER PT B AU Lu, FC Yue, FX Sun, RC Ralph, J AF Lu, Fachuang Yue, Fengxia Sun, Runcang Ralph, John BE Wang, L Kuang, S Hou, Q Cao, C Si, CL Zhang, HJ TI PINORESINOL STRUCTURES IN SOFTWOOD LIGNIN: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW MODELS SO 16TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WOOD, FIBER AND PULPING CHEMISTRY, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Wood, Fibre and Pulping Chemistry (ISWFPC) CY JUN 08-10, 2011 CL Tianjin, PEOPLES R CHINA ID NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; DFRC METHOD; THIOACIDOLYSIS; IDENTIFICATION; WOOD AB Pinoresinol structures, being important components of softwood lignin, are readily detected by NMR. They escaped detection from beta-ether cleaving degradation analysis presumably due to linkage at their 5-positions in 5-5- or 4-O-5-linked units. In this study, new lignin model compounds related to such pinoresinol structures have been synthesized via a peroxidase-catalyzed H2O2 oxidative coupling reaction using 5-5- or 4-O-5-linked coniferyl alcohol (proposed intermediates) and coniferyl alcohol (CA). It was found that 5-5- or 4-O-5-linked coniferyl alcohol can ertg:T-gzoOn.ple with CA producing pinoresinols in addition to other homo- and cross-coupled products. A total of seven new model compounds have been obtained and characterized by NMR. Based on NMR data of these model compounds, it was demonstrated that 5-5-linked pinoresinol and 4-O-5-linked pinoresinol models could be differentiated in HMBC spectra. With appropriate modification (etherification) to the model compounds obtained in this study, it is likely that 5-5- or 4-O-5-linked pinoresinol structures in softwood lignin can be identified. C1 [Lu, Fachuang; Yue, Fengxia; Sun, Runcang] South China Univ Technol, State Kay Lab Pulp & Paper Engn, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Lu, Fachuang; Yue, Fengxia; Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Lu, Fachuang; Yue, Fengxia; Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Lu, FC (reprint author), South China Univ Technol, State Kay Lab Pulp & Paper Engn, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM fachuanglu@wisc.edu FU China Scholarship Council, State Education Department; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science BER) [DE-FC02-07ER64494] FX The authors would like to thank the China Scholarship Council, State Education Department for supporting Fengxia Yue as a visiting scholar in the Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, and at the Great Lakes Bioenergy research Center (GLBRC). This work was supported in part by the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science BER DE-FC02-07ER64494). NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHINA LIGHT INDUSTRY PRESS PI BEIJING PA NO 6 E CHANGAN ST, BEIJING, 100740, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-5019-8206-6 PY 2011 BP 363 EP 367 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BH0AD UT WOS:000394407800075 ER PT S AU Cui, K Vajargah, SH Woo, SY Couillard, M Lazar, S Kleiman, RN Thompson, DA Botton, GA AF Cui, K. Vajargah, S. Hosseini Woo, S. Y. Couillard, M. Lazar, S. Kleiman, R. N. Thompson, D. A. Botton, G. A. GP IOP BE Walther, T Midgley, PA TI Aberration-corrected STEM and EELS of semiconducting anostructures SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROSCOPY OF SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS 2011 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials CY APR 04-07, 2011 CL Univ Cambridge, Churchill Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND SP Inst Phys HO Univ Cambridge, Churchill Coll ID MICROGRAPHS; LASERS AB We review some applications of aberration-corrected electron microscopy for the detailed characterization of semiconducting nanostructures using a combination of high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. The study of self-assembled quantum wires shows that it is possible to determine the composition of the nanostructures with better than 1 nm resolution down to the atomic level while the contrast in the high-angle annular dark-field images is used to determine the presence of wetting layers separating quantum wires and the strain field arising from the local compositional changes. The local measurements of energy loss spectra demonstrate the shift of plasmon peaks consistent with the changes in lattice parameters. High-angle annular dark-field images are also used to study the contrast in GaSb thin films deposited and study the presence of anti-phase domain boundaries. These examples show that aberration-corrected microscopy combined with electron energy loss spectroscopy provide not only enhanced resolution but also increased sensitivity to atomic site compositional changes. C1 [Cui, K.; Vajargah, S. Hosseini; Woo, S. Y.; Couillard, M.; Botton, G. A.] McMaster Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Kleiman, R. N.; Thompson, D. A.] Canada McMaster Univ, Dept Engn Phys, Ctr Emerging Devices Technol, Hamilton, ON, Canada. RP Botton, GA (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada. EM gbotton@mcmaster.ca FU Ontario Centres for Excellence; Discovery Grants program of NSERC; ARISE Technologies; NSERC; McMaster Universit FX This work was partially supported by the Ontario Centres for Excellence, the Discovery Grants program of NSERC and ARISE Technologies. The electron microscopy was carried out at the Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, a national facility supported by NSERC and McMaster Universit NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 326 AR 012007 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/326/1/012007 PG 12 WC Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Microscopy; Physics GA BYH02 UT WOS:000298668400007 ER PT S AU Deccio, C Sedayao, J Kant, K Mohapatra, P AF Deccio, Casey Sedayao, Jeff Kant, Krishna Mohapatra, Prasant GP IEEE TI Quantifying and Improving DNSSEC Availability SO 2011 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS (ICCCN) SE IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2011 CL HI SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, U. S. Nat Sci Fdn (NSF), QUALCOMM, Microsoft Res, Eic AB The Domain Name System (DNS) is a foundational component of today's Internet for mapping Internet names to addresses. With the DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC) DNS responses can be cryptographically verified to prevent malicious tampering. The protocol complexity and administrative overhead associated with DNSSEC can significantly impact the potential for name resolution failure. We present metrics for assessing the quality of a DNSSEC deployment, based on its potential for resolution failure in the presence of DNSSEC misconfiguration. We introduce a metric to analyze the administrative complexity of a DNS configuration, which contributes to its failure potential. We then discuss a technique which uses soft anchoring to increase robustness in spite of misconfigurations. We analyze a representative set of production signed DNS zones and determine that 28% of the validation failures we encountered would be mitigated by the soft anchoring technique we propose. C1 [Deccio, Casey] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Sedayao, Jeff; Kant, Krishna] Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. [Mohapatra, Prasant] Univ Calif, Davis, CA USA. RP Deccio, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ctdecci@sandia.gov; jeff.sedayao@intel.com; krishna.kant@intel.com; pmohapatra@ucdavis.edu FU National Science Foundation [CNS-0716741] FX This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation through the grant CNS-0716741. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-2055 BN 978-1-4577-0638-7 J9 IEEE IC COMP COM NET PY 2011 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BYL72 UT WOS:000299260700102 ER PT S AU Crossno, PJ Wilson, AT Shead, TM Dunlavy, DM AF Crossno, Patricia J. Wilson, Andrew T. Shead, Timothy M. Dunlavy, Daniel M. GP IEEE TI TopicView: Visually Comparing Topic Models of Text Collections SO 2011 23RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOOLS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (ICTAI 2011) SE Proceedings-International Conference on Tools With Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI) CY NOV 07-09, 2011 CL Boca Raton, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Multimedia Comp (TCMC), Bio & Artificial Intelligence Soc (BAIS), Florida Atlant Univ (FAU), Univ Technol, Ctr Quantum Comp & Intelligent Syst (UTS-QCIS), Tsinghua Univ, Arnetminer DE text analysis; visual model analysis; latent semantic analysis; latent dirichlet allocation AB We present TopicView, an application for visually comparing and exploring multiple models of text corpora. TopicView uses multiple linked views to visually analyze both the conceptual content and the document relationships in models generated using different algorithms. To illustrate TopicView, we apply it to models created using two standard approaches: Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). Conceptual content is compared through the combination of (i) a bipartite graph matching LSA concepts with LDA topics based on the cosine similarities of model factors and (ii) a table containing the terms for each LSA concept and LDA topic listed in decreasing order of importance. Document relationships are examined through the combination of (i) side-by-side document similarity graphs, (ii) a table listing the weights for each document's contribution to each concept/topic, and (iii) a full text reader for documents selected in either of the graphs or the table. We demonstrate the utility of TopicView's visual approach to model assessment by comparing LSA and LDA models of two example corpora. C1 [Crossno, Patricia J.; Wilson, Andrew T.; Shead, Timothy M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Anal & Visualizat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Dunlavy, Daniel M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Data Anal & Informat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Crossno, PJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Anal & Visualizat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pjcross@sandia.gov; atwilso@sandia.gov; tshead@sandia.gov; dmdunla@sandia.gov FU Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) program at Sandia National Laboratories; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was funded by the Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) program at Sandia National Laboratories, a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1082-3409 BN 978-0-7695-4596-7 J9 PROC INT C TOOLS ART PY 2011 BP 936 EP 943 DI 10.1109/ICTAI.2011.162 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BYJ28 UT WOS:000299009900155 ER PT S AU Chen, HT Azad, AK O'Hara, JF Singh, R Zhou, JF Reiten, MT Chowdhury, DR Jia, QX Trugman, SA Taylor, AJ AF Chen, Hou-Tong Azad, Abul K. O'Hara, John F. Singh, Ranjan Zhou, Jiangfeng Reiten, Matthew T. Chowdhury, Dibakar Roy Jia, Quanxi Trugman, Stuart A. Taylor, Antoinette J. BE Koch, M TI Active Terahertz Metamaterials SO 2011 36TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ) SE International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) CY OCT 02-07, 2011 CL Houston, TX SP Rice Univ, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, NASA, California Inst Technol, Jet Prop Lab, Univ Wollongong AB We present a series of novel THz metamaterials with designed active functionality, enabling dynamic tuning of the amplitude, frequency and polarization state of a THz wave. C1 [Chen, Hou-Tong; Azad, Abul K.; O'Hara, John F.; Singh, Ranjan; Zhou, Jiangfeng; Reiten, Matthew T.; Chowdhury, Dibakar Roy; Jia, Quanxi; Trugman, Stuart A.; Taylor, Antoinette J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Chen, HT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM ttaylor@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-2027 BN 978-1-4577-0509-0 J9 INT CONF INFRA MILLI PY 2011 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJT73 UT WOS:000330296300270 ER PT S AU Chowdhury, DR Singh, R Reiten, M Taylor, A O'Hara, JF AF Chowdhury, Dibakar Roy Singh, Ranjan Reiten, Matthew Taylor, Antoinette O'Hara, John F. BE Koch, M TI Tailored Resonator Coupling for Modifying the Fundamental Resonance in Laterally Coupled Terahertz Metamaterials SO 2011 36TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ) SE International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) CY OCT 02-07, 2011 CL Houston, TX SP Rice Univ, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, NASA, California Inst Technol, Jet Prop Lab, Univ Wollongong AB We experimentally and numerically study the nature of coupling between laterally paired terahertz metamaterial split-ring resonators. Coupling is shown to modify the inductive-capacitive (LC) resonances resulting in either red or blue-shifting. These experiments illustrate additional degrees of freedom in tuning the electromagnetic response of metamaterials. C1 [Chowdhury, Dibakar Roy; Singh, Ranjan; Reiten, Matthew; Taylor, Antoinette] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated NanoTechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chowdhury, DR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated NanoTechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-2027 BN 978-1-4577-0509-0 J9 INT CONF INFRA MILLI PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJT73 UT WOS:000330296300258 ER PT S AU Gopalsami, N Liao, S Elmer, T Heifetz, A Raptis, AC AF Gopalsami, N. Liao, S. Elmer, T. Heifetz, A. Raptis, A. C. BE Koch, M TI Compressive Sampling in Active and Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging SO 2011 36TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ) SE International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) CY OCT 02-07, 2011 CL Houston, TX SP Rice Univ, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, NASA, California Inst Technol, Jet Prop Lab, Univ Wollongong AB We have developed a compressive sampling method based on Hadamard transform for active and passive millimeter wave (mmW) imaging. Hadamard masks of subwavelength sized pixels were used for collecting spatial mmW modulated data with a single-pixel detector system. The image reconstruction from subsampled data was based on a real time, iterative interpolation relaxation technique in the Hadamard space. Compressive sampled active and passive imaging results show that high-fidelity images of objects may be obtained with as small as 1/9 of the data needed for a full set of acquisitions. C1 [Gopalsami, N.; Liao, S.; Elmer, T.; Heifetz, A.; Raptis, A. C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liao, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sliao@anl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-2027 BN 978-1-4577-0509-0 J9 INT CONF INFRA MILLI PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJT73 UT WOS:000330296300450 ER PT S AU Sheen, DM McMakin, DL Hall, TE AF Sheen, David M. McMakin, Douglas L. Hall, Thomas E. BE Koch, M TI Active Millimeter-Wave and Sub-Millimeter-Wave Imaging for Security Applications SO 2011 36TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ) SE International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) CY OCT 02-07, 2011 CL Houston, TX SP Rice Univ, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, NASA, California Inst Technol, Jet Prop Lab, Univ Wollongong ID TERAHERTZ; RADAR AB Active imaging at millimeter and sub-millimeter wavelengths has been developed for security applications including concealed weapon detection. The physical properties that affect imaging performance are discussed along with a review of the current state of the art and future potential for security imaging systems. C1 [Sheen, David M.; McMakin, Douglas L.; Hall, Thomas E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sheen, DM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-2027 BN 978-1-4577-0509-0 J9 INT CONF INFRA MILLI PY 2011 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJT73 UT WOS:000330296300395 ER PT S AU Shen, YZ Carr, GL Heese, R Murphy, JB Wang, XJ Yang, X AF Shen, Yuzhen Carr, G. L. Heese, Richard Murphy, James B. Wang, Xijie Yang, Xi BE Koch, M TI Single-, Few-, and Multi-Cycle Terahertz Pulses Generation from Relativistic Electrons SO 2011 36TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ) SE International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) CY OCT 02-07, 2011 CL Houston, TX SP Rice Univ, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, NASA, California Inst Technol, Jet Prop Lab, Univ Wollongong AB We report the generation and characterization of single-, few-, and multi-cycle terahertz pulses from relativistic electrons. C1 [Shen, Yuzhen; Carr, G. L.; Heese, Richard; Murphy, James B.; Wang, Xijie; Yang, Xi] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shen, YZ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-2027 BN 978-1-4577-0509-0 J9 INT CONF INFRA MILLI PY 2011 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJT73 UT WOS:000330296300321 ER PT S AU Simakov, EI Heath, CE Shchegolkov, DY Kelly, MJ Schultz, BD AF Simakov, Evgenya I. Heath, Cynthia E. Shchegolkov, Dmitry Yu. Kelly, M. Jason Schultz, Brian D. BE Koch, M TI Fabrication and Testing of Channel-Drop Filters at Millimeter Waves SO 2011 36TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ) SE International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) CY OCT 02-07, 2011 CL Houston, TX SP Rice Univ, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, NASA, California Inst Technol, Jet Prop Lab, Univ Wollongong AB We report the results of a project aimed to construct a novel passive millimeter-wave spectrometer based on a Photonic Band Gap (PBG) channel-drop filter (CDF). There is a need for a compact wide-band versatile and configurable millimeter-wave spectrometer for applications in millimeter-wave communications, radio astronomy, and radar receivers for remote sensing and nonproliferation. PBG CDFs allow channeling of selected frequencies from spectra into separate waveguides through a PBG structure. We have successfully designed, fabricated and tested a dielectric PBG CDF operating in a low THz frequency range at 240 GHz. This technology is expandable to frequencies up to 1 THz. We have also fabricated and tested a 3-channel device using the same technology, with the channels at around 240 GHz, 260 GHz and 280 GHz. To cover the lower frequency part of the spectrum, we have designed, fabricated and tested a metal version of the PBG CDF operating at 108 GHz. This technology is expandable to frequencies as low as 30 GHz. Design, fabrication and testing of the above filters will be presented at the conference. C1 [Simakov, Evgenya I.; Heath, Cynthia E.; Shchegolkov, Dmitry Yu.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Simakov, EI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-2027 BN 978-1-4577-0509-0 J9 INT CONF INFRA MILLI PY 2011 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJT73 UT WOS:000330296300070 ER PT S AU Wanke, MC Lee, M Nordquist, CD Cich, MJ Dyer, GC Cavaliere, M Grine, AD Fuller, CT Reno, JL AF Wanke, Michael C. Lee, Mark Nordquist, Christopher D. Cich, Michael J. Dyer, Gregory C. Cavaliere, Melissa Grine, Albert D. Fuller, Charles T. Reno, John L. BE Koch, M TI THz Integrated Circuits SO 2011 36TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ) SE International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) CY OCT 02-07, 2011 CL Houston, TX SP Rice Univ, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, NASA, California Inst Technol, Jet Prop Lab, Univ Wollongong ID CASCADE LASERS; TERAHERTZ AB We will review our latest efforts at making THz integrated circuits, focusing mostly on integration of a Schottky diode into the core of a quantum cascade laser to create a heterodyne receiver. We will show its capability to detect external radiation and its ability to explore the behavior of the QCL itself. C1 [Wanke, Michael C.; Lee, Mark; Nordquist, Christopher D.; Cich, Michael J.; Dyer, Gregory C.; Cavaliere, Melissa; Fuller, Charles T.; Reno, John L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wanke, MC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-2027 BN 978-1-4577-0509-0 J9 INT CONF INFRA MILLI PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJT73 UT WOS:000330296300013 ER PT S AU Paez, TL Lacy, SL Babuska, V Miller, DN AF Paez, Thomas L. Lacy, Seth L. Babuska, Vit Miller, Daniel N. GP IEEE TI Improved Stochastic Process Models for Linear Structure Behavior SO 2011 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 29-JUL 01, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Boeing, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, Lockheed Martin, MathWorks, Natl Instruments, NT-MDT, United Technol ID UNCERTAINTIES AB Linear mathematical models frequently provide good approximations to the input-output relations for real systems. However, ensembles of systems that are nominally identical cannot, usually, be adequately represented with a single model because real systems are stochastic. The randomness in real systems must be modeled if the randomness bears on critical behaviors of the system. The behavior of linear systems can be represented in parametric or non-parametric form; the latter framework is used, here. Among the frameworks available for characterization of system behavior, we choose the frequency response function (FRF). We choose to work with the FRF because many system attributes can be interpreted by inspection of the FRF, and it can be used directly for control design. This paper improves a previously developed Karhunen-Loeve expansion (KLE) representation for linear system behavior based on FRF data. The improvement yields a compact representation of the uncertainty inherent in an ensemble of systems and avoids the introduction of unwanted features in the system representation. This non-parametric, compact representation of the distribution of linear systems can then be used to characterize the performance and stability of a given feedback control law, as well as for control law design. C1 [Paez, Thomas L.] MannaTech Engn, Sandia Pk, NM 87047 USA. [Lacy, Seth L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, RVSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Babuska, Vit] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Miller, Daniel N.] Univ Calif San Diego, Jacobs Sch Engn, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, San Diego, CA USA. RP Paez, TL (reprint author), MannaTech Engn, Sandia Pk, NM 87047 USA. EM tlpaez@bresnan.net; seth.lacy@kirtland.af.mil; vbabusk@sandia.gov; d6miller@ucsd.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate [FA9453-09-C-0362]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate under contract FA9453-09-C-0362 and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4577-0081-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2011 BP 42 EP 47 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWZ06 UT WOS:000295376000008 ER PT S AU Kalsi, K Hui, S Zak, SH AF Kalsi, Karanjit Hui, Stefen Zak, Stanislaw H. GP IEEE TI Unknown Input and Sensor Fault Estimation Using Sliding-Mode Observers SO 2011 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 29-JUL 01, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Boeing, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, Lockheed Martin, MathWorks, Natl Instruments, NT-MDT, United Technol ID SYSTEMS; ACTUATOR AB Sliding-mode observers are used to construct unknown input estimators. Then, these unknown input estimators are combined with sensor fault estimation schemes into one architecture that employs two sliding-mode observers for simultaneously estimating the plant's actuator faults (part of the unknown input) and detecting sensor faults. Closed form expressions are presented for the estimates of unknown inputs and sensor faults. A benchmark example of a controlled inverted pendulum system from the literature is utilized in the simulation study. The study shows that the observers analyzed in this paper generate good estimates of the unknown input and sensor faults signals in noisy environments for nonlinear plants. C1 [Kalsi, Karanjit] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Hui, Stefen] San Diego State Univ, Dept Mat Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Zak, Stanislaw H.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Kalsi, K (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Karanjit.Kalsi@pnl.gov; hui@saturn.sdsu.edu; zak@purdue.edu NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4577-0081-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2011 BP 1364 EP 1369 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWZ06 UT WOS:000295376001146 ER PT S AU Bales, JW Novick, D AF Bales, James W. Novick, David GP ASEE TI Designing an AUV Competition to Draw Engineering Students Towards Ocean Engineering SO 2011 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition CY JUN 26-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASEE C1 [Bales, James W.] MIT, Edgerton Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Novick, David] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bales, JW (reprint author), MIT, Edgerton Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2011 PG 16 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF0CF UT WOS:000378520706035 ER PT S AU Nadelson, LS Moll, AJ Seifert, AL AF Nadelson, Louis S. Moll, Amy J. Seifert, Anne Louise GP ASEE TI LIVING IN A MATERIALS WORLD: MATERIALS SCIENCE ENGINEERING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR K-12 EDUCATORS SO 2011 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition CY JUN 26-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP ASEE ID TEACHERS; CONFIDENCE; KNOWLEDGE AB Advances in materials science are fundamental to technological developments and have broad societal impacts. For example, years of materials science research has gone into developing cellular phones which are composed of polymer cases, liquid crystal displays, LEDs, silicon chips, Ni-Cd batteries, resistors, capacitors, speakers, and microphones, and compacted into a space equivalent to that of a deck of cards. Like many technological developments, cellular phones have become a ubiquitous part of society, and yet most people know little about the materials science associated with their development. The rich context that materials science provides for learning Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) content and the need to enhance K-12 educators' knowledge of materials science was the motivation for developing and offering a 20 hour four-day professional development course entitled "Living in a Materials World." In addition to exposing the participating K-12 educators to the fundamentals of materials science, the course provided a means for bridging our every day experiences and the work of scientists and engineers. "Living in a Materials World" was one of the fifteen STEM content courses offered as part of the Idaho Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (i-STEM) summer institute for upper elementary and middle school teachers. The four-day institute included a 20 hour course and 12-16 hours of plenary sessions, planning, and collaborative sharing. The goal of the i-STEM institute was to enhance the participating educators' STEM content knowledge, capacity for teaching STEM, comfort and attitudes toward teaching STEM, knowledge of how people learn, and strategies for integrating STEM throughout the curriculum. In addition, the participants received STEM curriculum in materials science and a resource kit composed of STEM materials and equipment, valued at about $300, to support the implementation of curriculum and content learned at the institute with their students. The i-STEM summer institute participants were pre/post tested on their comfort with STEM, perceptions of STEM education, pedagogical discontentment, implementations of inquiry, attitudes toward student learning of STEM, and content knowledge associated with the specific course they took during the institute. The results from our research indicate a significant increase in content knowledge for the Living in a Materials World strand participants (t = 11.36, p < .01) (results were similar in the other courses). As a whole the summer institute participants expressed significant increases in their comfort levels for teaching STEM (t = 10.94, p < .01), inquiry implementation (t = 5.72, p < .01) and efficacy for teaching STEM (t = 6.27, p < .01), and a significant decrease in pedagogical discontentment (t = -6.26, p < .01). C1 [Nadelson, Louis S.] Boise State Univ, Coll Educ, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Moll, Amy J.] Boise State Univ, Mat Sci & Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Seifert, Anne Louise] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Nadelson, LS (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Coll Educ, Boise, ID 83725 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2011 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF0CH UT WOS:000378523006014 ER PT S AU Arikawa, T Wang, X Hilton, DJ Reno, JL Pan, W Kono, J AF Arikawa, T. Wang, X. Hilton, D. J. Reno, J. L. Pan, W. Kono, J. GP IEEE TI Terahertz Coherent Control of Many-electron Qubits in a Quantum Hall System SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID GAS AB Coherent control of many-electron qubits in a GaAs quantum well is demonstrated using a sequence of THz pulses. There is no signature of electron-electron interactions, generalizing the Kohn's theorem to the level of coherent dynamics. C1 [Arikawa, T.; Wang, X.; Kono, J.] Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Hilton, D. J.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 32594 USA. [Reno, J. L.] Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Pan, W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Arikawa, T (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM kono@rice.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403238 ER PT S AU Barty, CPJ AF Barty, C. P. J. GP IEEE TI Mono-Energetic Gamma-rays (MEGa-rays) and the Dawn of Nuclear Photonics SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Mono-Energetic Gamma-rays (MEGa-rays) of unprecedented peak brilliance can be created via the optimized interaction of laser light with relativistic electrons. Development of MEGa-ray technology and related "nuclear" photonics applications are reviewed. C1 [Barty, C. P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Barty, CPJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM barty1@llnl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612400051 ER PT S AU Berrah, N Fang, L Osipov, T Murphy, B Juranic, P Kukk, E Ueda, K Feifel, R van der Meulen, P Salen, P Schmidt, H Thomas, R Larsson, M Richter, R Prince, KC Bozek, JD Bostedt, C Wada, S Piancastelli, M Tashiro, M Ehara, M Tarantelli, F AF Berrah, N. Fang, L. Osipov, T. Murphy, B. Juranic, P. Kukk, E. Ueda, K. Feifel, R. van der Meulen, P. Salen, P. Schmidt, H. Thomas, R. Larsson, M. Richter, R. Prince, K. C. Bozek, J. D. Bostedt, C. Wada, S. Piancastelli, M. Tashiro, M. Ehara, M. Tarantelli, F. GP IEEE TI Ultraintense X-Ray Induced Multiple Ionization and Double Core-Hole Production in Molecules SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We used the world first hard x-ray FEL to investigate the response of molecular systems to the ultraintense, femtosecond x-ray radiation. We report sequential multiphoton ionization, frustrated absorption and double core hole production mechanisms. C1 [Berrah, N.; Fang, L.; Osipov, T.; Murphy, B.; Juranic, P.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Kukk, E.] Turku Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, FL-20014 Turku, Finland. [Ueda, K.] Tohoku Univ, IMRAM, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Feifel, R.; Piancastelli, M.] Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. [van der Meulen, P.; Salen, P.; Schmidt, H.; Thomas, R.; Larsson, M.] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm, Sweden. [Richter, R.; Prince, K. C.] Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy. [Bozek, J. D.; Bostedt, C.; Wada, S.] SLAC, LCLS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Tashiro, M.; Ehara, M.] Inst Mol Sci, Okazaki, Aichi 4448585, Japan. [Tarantelli, F.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Chim, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Tarantelli, F.] Univ Perugia, ISTM CNR, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. RP Berrah, N (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM nora.berrah@wmich.edu RI Bozek, John/E-9260-2010; Tarantelli, Francesco/H-5798-2013; Feifel, Raimund/A-4441-2009; Juranic, Pavle/E-7187-2017 OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238; Tarantelli, Francesco/0000-0002-1285-0606; Feifel, Raimund/0000-0001-5234-3935; Juranic, Pavle/0000-0003-4174-1924 FU US Department of Energy, office of Science, BES FX Work funded by the US Department of Energy, office of Science, BES. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403318 ER PT S AU Brida, D Polli, D Crochet, J Hertel, T Cerullo, G Lanzani, G AF Brida, Daniele Polli, Dario Crochet, Jared Hertel, Tobias Cerullo, Giulio Lanzani, Guglielmo GP IEEE TI Tracking Charge Transfer in Carbon Nanotube Networks with Chirped Pump-Probe Spectroscopy SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We observed an ultrafast charge generation and transfer in a carbon nanotube network by a novel pump-probe spectroscopy that makes use of a broadband and positively chirped pump and transform-limited probe pulses. C1 [Brida, Daniele; Polli, Dario; Cerullo, Giulio] Politecn Milan, IFN CNR Dipartimento Fis, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Crochet, Jared] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Univ, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hertel, Tobias] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, Wurzburg, Germany. [Lanzani, Guglielmo] Politecn Milan, Ctr NanoSci & Technol IIT POLIMI, Dept Phys, Milan, Italy. RP Brida, D (reprint author), Politecn Milan, IFN CNR Dipartimento Fis, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy. EM daniele.brida@mail.polimi.it RI Brida, Daniele/A-9301-2010 OI Brida, Daniele/0000-0003-2060-5480 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612404171 ER PT S AU Burghoff, D Kao, TY Ban, DY Lee, AWM Reno, JL Hu, Q AF Burghoff, David Kao, Tsung-Yu Ban, Dayan Lee, Alan Wei Min Reno, John L. Hu, Qing GP IEEE TI Gain measurements of a metal-metal terahertz quantum cascade laser using an integrated terahertz pulse emitter SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID MU-M AB A terahertz pulse emitter is fabricated alongside a quantum cascade laser with a metal-metal waveguide. Terahertz pulses are used to measure the gain of the laser ridge, which is clamped above threshold to 18 cm(-1). C1 [Burghoff, David; Kao, Tsung-Yu; Ban, Dayan; Lee, Alan Wei Min; Hu, Qing] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Reno, John L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1123, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Ban, Dayan] Univ Waterloo, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Burghoff, D (reprint author), MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM burghoff@mit.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401282 ER PT S AU Carbajo, S Brizuela, F Sakdinawat, A Liu, YW Chao, W Anderson, EH Vinogradov, AV Artioukov, IA Attwood, DT Marconi, MC Rocca, JJ Buchanan, K Menoni, CS AF Carbajo, S. Brizuela, F. Sakdinawat, A. Liu, Y. W. Chao, W. Anderson, E. H. Vinogradov, A. V. Artioukov, I. A. Attwood, D. T. Marconi, M. C. Rocca, J. J. Buchanan, K. Menoni, C. S. GP IEEE TI Single-Shot Imaging of Nanoscale Dynamics by Extreme Ultraviolet Microscopy SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID LASER; RESOLUTION AB Snap-shot imaging with nanometer spatial resolution and nanosecond temporal resolution is used to make movies of the interaction dynamics of nanostructures. C1 [Carbajo, S.; Brizuela, F.; Sakdinawat, A.; Liu, Y. W.; Chao, W.; Anderson, E. H.; Marconi, M. C.; Rocca, J. J.; Menoni, C. S.] Colorado State Univ, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Carbajo, S.; Brizuela, F.; Marconi, M. C.; Rocca, J. J.; Menoni, C. S.] Colorado State Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Chao, W.; Anderson, E. H.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr X Ray Opt, Berkeley, CA USA. [Sakdinawat, A.; Liu, Y. W.; Attwood, D. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, ECE Dept, Berkeley, CA USA. [Vinogradov, A. V.; Artioukov, I. A.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Rocca, J. J.; Buchanan, K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Carbajo, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sergio@engr.colostate.edu RI Menoni, Carmen/B-4989-2011; Artyukov, Igor/B-3105-2009 OI Artyukov, Igor/0000-0001-7915-697X NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403117 ER PT S AU Chen, HT Yang, H Singh, R Azad, AK O'Hara, JF Trugman, SA Jia, QX Taylor, AJ AF Chen, Hou-Tong Yang, Hao Singh, Ranjan Azad, Abul K. O'Hara, John F. Trugman, Stuart A. Jia, Q. X. Taylor, Antoinette J. GP IEEE TI Tuning the Resonance in Superconducting Terahertz Metamaterials SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We report tunable resonances in terahertz metamaterials made from high-temperature superconducting films. Taking in account the temperature-dependent complex conductivity, we develop a theoretical model for correct interpretation of the observed resonance switching and frequency tuning. (C)2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Chen, Hou-Tong; Yang, Hao; Singh, Ranjan; Azad, Abul K.; O'Hara, John F.; Trugman, Stuart A.; Jia, Q. X.; Taylor, Antoinette J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chen, HT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chenht@lanl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612404006 ER PT S AU Chiam, SY Singh, R Zhang, WL Bettiol, AA AF Chiam, Sher-Yi Singh, Ranjan Zhang, Weili Bettiol, Andrew A. GP IEEE TI Thin Substrates for Enhanced Metamaterial Sensing Applications SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We show that metamaterials on thin substrates exhibit great sensitivity to changes in their dielectric environment. They thus show excellent potential for sensing applications as the analyte film can be applied on the substrate side. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Chiam, Sher-Yi; Bettiol, Andrew A.] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Phys, Ctr Ion Beam Applicat, 20 Clementi Ave 1, Singapore 129957, Singapore. [Chiam, Sher-Yi] NUS High Sch Math & Sci, Singapore 129957, Singapore. [Singh, Ranjan] Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Zhang, Weili] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chiam, SY (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Phys, Ctr Ion Beam Applicat, 20 Clementi Ave 1, Singapore 129957, Singapore. EM phybaa@nus.edu.sg RI Bettiol, Andrew/D-5699-2011 OI Bettiol, Andrew/0000-0001-5242-3644 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403036 ER PT S AU Chowdhury, DR Azad, AK Reiten, M Taylor, AJ O'Hara, JF AF Chowdhury, Dibakar Roy Azad, Abul K. Reiten, Matthew Taylor, Antoinette J. O'Hara, John F. GP IEEE TI Active tuning of coupled resonance modes in terahertz metamaterials SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We demonstrate active tuning of coupled inductive-capacitive resonance in a multilayer metamaterial. Our experiment reveals that one resonance mode of a coupled pair can be selectively switched off by driving the metamaterial with infrared light. C1 [Chowdhury, Dibakar Roy; Azad, Abul K.; Reiten, Matthew; Taylor, Antoinette J.; O'Hara, John F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol CINT Mat Phys & Applic, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Chowdhury, DR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol CINT Mat Phys & Applic, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM dibakar@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402187 ER PT S AU Dai, Q Shan, QF Cho, J Schubert, EF Crawford, MH Koleske, DD Kim, MH Park, Y AF Dai, Qi Shan, Qifeng Cho, Jaehee Schubert, E. Fred Crawford, Mary H. Koleske, Daniel D. Kim, Min-Ho Park, Yongjo GP IEEE TI On the symmetry of efficiency-versus-carrier-concentration curves in GaInN/GaN light-emitting diodes and relation to droop-causing mechanisms SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB The ABC model (without and with phase-space filling) predicts IQE-versus-n curves of GaInN light-emitting diodes that have even symmetry. Analysis of IQE-versus-n curves shows the need for a carrier leakage term to explain the droop. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Dai, Qi; Shan, Qifeng; Cho, Jaehee; Schubert, E. Fred] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Dai, Qi; Shan, Qifeng; Cho, Jaehee; Schubert, E. Fred] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Crawford, Mary H.; Koleske, Daniel D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Kim, Min-Ho; Park, Yongjo] Samsung LED, R&D Inst, Suwon 443743, South Korea. RP Dai, Q (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA.; Dai, Q (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM EFSchubert@rpi.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402158 ER PT S AU Dani, KM Lee, J Sharma, R Mohite, AD Galande, CC Ajayan, PM Dattelbaum, AM Htoon, H Taylor, AJ Prasankumar, RP AF Dani, K. M. Lee, J. Sharma, R. Mohite, A. D. Galande, C. C. Ajayan, P. M. Dattelbaum, A. M. Htoon, H. Taylor, A. J. Prasankumar, R. P. GP IEEE TI Observation of the relativistic response of an electron-hole plasma in graphene on femtosecond timescales SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Visible pump-probe spectroscopy isolates the femtosecond Drude response of a photogenerated electron-hole plasma in monolayer graphene. The observed root N scaling versus carrier density reveals the relativistic nature of the electron-hole plasma. (C)2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Dani, K. M.; Lee, J.; Mohite, A. D.; Dattelbaum, A. M.; Htoon, H.; Taylor, A. J.; Prasankumar, R. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Galande, C. C.; Ajayan, P. M.] Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Sharma, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dani, KM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rpprasan@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612404134 ER PT S AU Ellis, B Mayer, MA Shambat, G Sarmiento, T Harris, J Haller, EE Vuckovic, J AF Ellis, Bryan Mayer, Marie A. Shambat, Gary Sarmiento, Tomas Harris, James Haller, Eugene E. Vuckovic, Jelena GP IEEE TI Ultra-low Threshold Electrically Pumped Quantum Dot Photonic Crystal Nanocavity Laser SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We demonstrate a quantum dot photonic crystal nanocavity laser electrically pumped by a lateral p-i-n junction. Thresholds of 181nA at 50K and 287nA at 150K are observed, lower than any other laser. C1 [Ellis, Bryan; Shambat, Gary; Sarmiento, Tomas; Harris, James; Vuckovic, Jelena] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Mayer, Marie A.; Haller, Eugene E.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mayer, Marie A.; Haller, Eugene E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ellis, B (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM bryane@stanford.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403207 ER PT S AU Filip, CV AF Filip, Catalin V. GP IEEE TI Spectral amplitude and phase evolution in petawatt laser pulses SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB The influence of the active gain medium on the spectral amplitude and phase of amplified pulses in a CPA system is studied. Results from a 10-PW example based on Nd-doped mixed glasses are presented. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Filip, CV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM filip1@llnl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402051 ER PT S AU Gabbay, A Reno, J Wendt, J Gin, A Wanke, MC Sinclair, MB Shaner, E Brener, I AF Gabbay, Alon Reno, John Wendt, Joel Gin, Aaron Wanke, Michael C. Sinclair, Michael B. Shaner, Eric Brener, Igal GP IEEE TI Interaction between Metamaterial Resonators and Intersubband Transitions in Quantum Wells SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Interaction between metamaterial elements and intersubband transitions in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells is observed in the mid-infrared. Transmission measurements were performed through metamaterial arrays, each having a different resonance frequency. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Gabbay, Alon; Reno, John; Gin, Aaron; Brener, Igal] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Wendt, Joel; Gin, Aaron; Wanke, Michael C.; Sinclair, Michael B.; Shaner, Eric; Brener, Igal] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gabbay, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM angabba@sandia.gov FU DEAC04-94AL85000 FX This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Company, for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC04-94AL85000. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403269 ER PT S AU Gerrits, T Baek, B Stevens, MJ Calkins, B Lita, A Glancy, S Knill, E Nam, SW Mirin, RP Hadfield, RH Bennink, RS Grice, WP Dorenbos, S Zijlstra, T Klapwijk, T Zwiller, V AF Gerrits, Thomas Baek, Burm Stevens, Martin J. Calkins, Brice Lita, Adriana Glancy, Scott Knill, Emanuel Nam, Sae Woo Mirin, Richard P. Hadfield, Robert H. Bennink, Ryan S. Grice, Warren P. Dorenbos, Sander Zijlstra, Tony Klapwijk, Teun Zwiller, Val GP IEEE TI Characterization of high-purity, pulsed squeezed light at telecom wavelengths from pp-KTP for quantum information applications SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We characterize a pp-KTP crystal designed to produce pure single mode squeezed vacuum at 1570 nm. Measurements show Hong-Ou-Mandel interference with 97% visibility and a circular joint spectral distribution with a Schmidt number of 1.08. * Contribution of NIST, an agency of the U. S. Government, not subject to copyright C1 [Gerrits, Thomas; Baek, Burm; Stevens, Martin J.; Calkins, Brice; Lita, Adriana; Glancy, Scott; Knill, Emanuel; Nam, Sae Woo; Mirin, Richard P.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hadfield, Robert H.] Heriot Watt Univ, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Bennink, Ryan S.; Grice, Warren P.; Dorenbos, Sander] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Quantum Informat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Dorenbos, Sander; Zijlstra, Tony; Klapwijk, Teun; Zwiller, Val] Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, Delft, Netherlands. RP Gerrits, T (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM gerrits@boulder.nist.gov RI Hadfield, Robert/L-8081-2013; Grice, Warren/L-8466-2013 OI Hadfield, Robert/0000-0002-8084-4187; NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403431 ER PT S AU Grice, W Bennink, R Evans, P Humble, T Pooser, R Schaake, J Williams, B AF Grice, W. Bennink, R. Evans, P. Humble, T. Pooser, R. Schaake, J. Williams, B. GP IEEE TI Time-Bin Entanglement Distribution on a Wavelength-Division-Multiplexed Network SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION AB We describe a scheme for distributing time-bin entangled photons to multiple pairs of clients. With clients linked through the strong spectral correlations between the photons, a single down-conversion source can serve many clients simultaneously. C1 [Grice, W.; Bennink, R.; Evans, P.; Humble, T.; Pooser, R.; Schaake, J.; Williams, B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Quantum Informat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Humble, T.; Pooser, R.; Schaake, J.; Williams, B.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Grice, W (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Quantum Informat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gricew@ornl.gov RI Grice, Warren/L-8466-2013 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402407 ER PT S AU Hentschel, M Liu, N Dregely, D Giessen, H AF Hentschel, Mario Liu, Na Dregely, Daniel Giessen, Harald GP IEEE TI Plasmonic oligomers: the role of individual particles in collective behavior SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We demonstrate the transition from isolated to collective optical modes in plasmonic oligomers. Specifically, we investigate the resonant behavior of planar plasmonic hexamers and heptamers with gradually decreasing the inter-particle gap separation. C1 [Hentschel, Mario; Dregely, Daniel; Giessen, Harald] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys 4, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Hentschel, Mario] Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Liu, Na] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hentschel, M (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys 4, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM m.hentschel@physik.uni-stuttgart.de FU DFG [SPP1391, FOR557,, GI269/11-1]; BMBF FX This work has been supported by DFG (SPP1391, FOR557, GI269/11-1) as well as BMBF (3D METAMAT). NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403247 ER PT S AU Hewitt, JD Readle, JD Eden, JG AF Hewitt, J. D. Readle, J. D. Eden, J. G. GP IEEE TI Observing the Continuous Transformation of a Four Level Laser into a Two Level System SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Pumping the Cs 852.1nm laser by photoassociating Cs-rare gas atomic pairs allows one to observe a four-level system morph into a two-level system. This occurs when the state 3-state 2 energy defect falls below similar to 2kT/3. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Hewitt, J. D.; Eden, J. G.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lab Opt Phys & Engn, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Readle, J. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hewitt, JD (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lab Opt Phys & Engn, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401121 ER PT S AU Hoffmann, K Kandadai, N Thomas, H Helal, A Keto, J Ditmire, T Iwan, B Timneanu, N Andreasson, J Seibert, M van der Spoel, D Hajdu, J Schorb, S Gorkhover, T Rupp, D Adolph, M Moller, T Doumy, G DiMauro, LF Bostedt, C Bozek, J Hoener, M Murphy, B Berrah, N AF Hoffmann, K. Kandadai, N. Thomas, H. Helal, A. Keto, J. Ditmire, T. Iwan, B. Timneanu, N. Andreasson, J. Seibert, M. van der Spoel, D. Hajdu, J. Schorb, S. Gorkhover, T. Rupp, D. Adolph, M. Moeller, T. Doumy, G. DiMauro, L. F. Bostedt, C. Bozek, J. Hoener, M. Murphy, B. Berrah, N. GP IEEE TI Explosions of Xenon Doped Methane Clusters in Intense X-Ray FEL Pulses SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Interaction of ultrashort -X-rays laser with xenon doped methane clusters have been studied in the first experiments at LCLS with time-of-flight technique. Xe doping affects the explosion of the CH4 clusters. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Hoffmann, K.; Kandadai, N.; Thomas, H.; Helal, A.; Keto, J.; Ditmire, T.] Univ Texas Austin, Fus Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Iwan, B.; Timneanu, N.; Andreasson, J.; Seibert, M.; van der Spoel, D.; Hajdu, J.] Stanford Univ, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Iwan, B.; Timneanu, N.; Andreasson, J.; Seibert, M.; van der Spoel, D.; Hajdu, J.] Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. [Schorb, S.; Gorkhover, T.; Rupp, D.; Adolph, M.; Moeller, T.] Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Opt & Atomare Phys, Berlin 10623, Germany. [Doumy, G.; DiMauro, L. F.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bostedt, C.; Bozek, J.] LCLS, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hoener, M.; Murphy, B.; Berrah, N.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Hoffmann, K (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Fus Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM kay@physics.utexas.edu RI Timneanu, Nicusor/C-7691-2012; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010; Helal, Ahmed/P-8818-2014 OI Timneanu, Nicusor/0000-0001-7328-0400; Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238; Helal, Ahmed/0000-0003-3354-6352 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402344 ER PT S AU Horng, J Chen, CF Geng, BS Girit, C Zhang, YB Hao, Z Bechtel, HA Martin, M Zettl, A Crommie, MF Shen, YR Wang, F AF Horng, Jason Chen, Chi-Fan Geng, Baisong Girit, Caglar Zhang, Yuanbo Hao, Zhao Bechtel, Hans A. Martin, Michael Zettl, Alex Crommie, Michael F. Shen, Y. Ron Wang, Feng GP IEEE TI Intraband Optical Transitions in Graphene SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We measured tunable interband and intraband transitions in graphene using infrared spectroscopy. Graphene electrons have strong intraband absorption at terahertz frequency range. The absorption spectra are described by a Drude-like frequency dependence. C1 [Horng, Jason; Chen, Chi-Fan; Geng, Baisong; Girit, Caglar; Zettl, Alex; Crommie, Michael F.; Shen, Y. Ron; Wang, Feng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Yuanbo] Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Martin, Michael; Zettl, Alex; Crommie, Michael F.; Shen, Y. Ron; Wang, Feng] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fengwang76@berkeley.edu RI Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403268 ER PT S AU Hsieh, P Kocaman, S Tsai, M Chen, T Aras, M Yu, MB Kwong, DL Stein, A Wong, CW AF Hsieh, P. Kocaman, S. Tsai, M. Chen, T. Aras, M. Yu, M. B. Kwong, D. L. Stein, A. Wong, C. W. GP IEEE TI Near-field observation of zero index bandgaps in negative refraction photonic superlattices SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We present near-field observations of tuned zero-index bandgaps in photonic crystal superlattices consisting of cascaded negative and positive index media. Supported by precise nanofabrication and experimental measurements, these observed zero-order gaps have potential for wavefront control for arbitrary phase delay lines and open cavity resonances. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Hsieh, P.; Kocaman, S.; Aras, M.; Wong, C. W.] Columbia Univ, Opt Nanostruct Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Tsai, M.; Chen, T.] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Photon, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Yu, M. B.; Kwong, D. L.] Inst Microelect, Singapore 117685, Singapore. [Stein, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hsieh, P (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Opt Nanostruct Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM ph2285@columbia.edu; sk2927@columbia.edu; cww2104@columbia.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403254 ER PT S AU Huang, CS George, S Lu, M Chaudhery, V Tan, RM Zangar, RC Cunningham, BT AF Huang, Cheng-Sheng George, Sherine Lu, Meng Chaudhery, Vikram Tan, Ruimin Zangar, Richard C. Cunningham, Brian T. GP IEEE TI Application of Photonic Crystal Enhanced Fluorescence to Antibody Microarrays SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB A photonic crystal surface is utilized for detection of cancer biomarkers in a fluorescent-tagged protein microarray assay. The results indicates that the detection limit of assays are reduced by up to 90% through resonant illumination. C1 [Huang, Cheng-Sheng; Lu, Meng; Chaudhery, Vikram; Cunningham, Brian T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [George, Sherine; Cunningham, Brian T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Bioengn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lu, Meng] SRU Biosyst Inc, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. [Tan, Ruimin; Zangar, Richard C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cunningham, BT (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM bcunning@illinois.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612400026 ER PT S AU Huang, Z French, D Pao, HY Jovanovic, I AF Huang, Z. French, D. Pao, H-Y. Jovanovic, I. GP IEEE TI Improvement of Image Resolution beyond Classical Limit by Phase-sensitive Optical Parametric Amplifier SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID AMPLIFICATION AB When an optical parametric amplifier (OPA) operated as a phase-sensitive amplifier (PSA) is used for point source imaging, the angular resolution improvement can defeat the classical Rayleigh limit, and approach the de Broglie resolution. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Huang, Z.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Pao, H-Y.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [French, D.; Jovanovic, I.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Huang, Z (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM huang105@purdue.edu FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) FX This work has been supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612404030 ER PT S AU Johnson, RP Shimada, T Shah, RC AF Johnson, Randall P. Shimada, Tsutomu Shah, Rahul C. GP IEEE TI Techniques for Pre-pulse Contrast Improvement on the 0.5 ps, 80 J, "C" Beamline of the Trident Laser SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID OPTICAL-PARAMETRIC-AMPLIFICATION AB Non-linear pulse cleaning is used along with an OPA front end and improved stretcher designs to improve pre-pulse contrast on the high intensity short pulse beam line of the Trident Laser. C1 [Johnson, Randall P.; Shimada, Tsutomu; Shah, Rahul C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Trident Laser Facil, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Johnson, RP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Trident Laser Facil, Mail Stop E526, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM rpjohnson@lanl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403159 ER PT S AU Kandadai, N Hoffmann, K Thomas, H Helal, A Keto, J Ditmire, T Iwan, B Timneanu, N Andreasson, J Seibert, M van der Spoel, D Hajdu, J Schorb, S Gorkhover, T Rupp, D Adolph, M Moller, T Doumy, G DiMauro, LF Bostedt, C Bozek, J Hoener, M Murphy, B Berrah, N AF Kandadai, N. Hoffmann, K. Thomas, H. Helal, A. Keto, J. Ditmire, T. Iwan, B. Timneanu, N. Andreasson, J. Seibert, M. van der Spoel, D. Hajdu, J. Schorb, S. Gorkhover, T. Rupp, D. Adolph, M. Moeller, T. Doumy, G. DiMauro, L. F. Bostedt, C. Bozek, J. Hoener, M. Murphy, B. Berrah, N. GP IEEE TI Explosions of Methane Clusters Driven by Intense X-Ray FEL Pulses SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Explosions of methane clusters driven by intense XFEL pulses were studied during the first experiments at LCLS. Ion fragment distribution dynamics depends strongly on wavelength and pulse width. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Kandadai, N.; Hoffmann, K.; Thomas, H.; Helal, A.; Keto, J.; Ditmire, T.] Univ Texas Austin, Fus Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Iwan, B.; Timneanu, N.; Andreasson, J.; Seibert, M.; van der Spoel, D.; Hajdu, J.] Sweden & Stanford Univ, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Schorb, S.; Gorkhover, T.; Rupp, D.; Adolph, M.; Moeller, T.] Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Opt & Atomare Phys, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. [Doumy, G.; DiMauro, L. F.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bostedt, C.; Bozek, J.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, LCLS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hoener, M.; Murphy, B.; Berrah, N.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Kandadai, N (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Fus Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM kay@physics.utexas.edu RI Timneanu, Nicusor/C-7691-2012; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010; Helal, Ahmed/P-8818-2014 OI Timneanu, Nicusor/0000-0001-7328-0400; Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238; Helal, Ahmed/0000-0003-3354-6352 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612404081 ER PT S AU Kao, TY Hu, Q Reno, JL AF Kao, Tsung-Yu Hu, Qing Reno, John L. GP IEEE TI True Phase-Matched Third-order DFB Terahertz Quantum-Cascade Lasers using Weakly-coupled Cavities SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We report a novel laser cavity design in third-order distributed feedback terahertz quantum-cascade lasers based on true phase-matching technique. This approach dramatically increases the usable length of third-order DFB lasers and leads to even narrower beam patterns and likely higher output power. Single frequency emissions from 150 apertures (5.6-mm long device) are coherently added up to form a narrow beam with similar to 6 degrees divergence. Similar device with 40 apertures shows more than 5 mW optical power with slope efficiency similar to 140 mW/A at 10 K pulsed operation. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Kao, Tsung-Yu; Hu, Qing] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Reno, John L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kao, TY (reprint author), MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM wilt_kao@mit.edu FU AFOSR; NASA; NSF; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work is supported by AFOSR, NASA, and NSF. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401281 ER PT S AU Kocaman, S Aras, MS Hsieh, PC Panoiu, NC Yu, MB Kwong, DL Stein, A Wong, CW AF Kocaman, S. Aras, M. S. Hsieh, P. -C. Panoiu, N. C. Yu, M. B. Kwong, D. L. Stein, A. Wong, C. W. GP IEEE TI Zero phase accumulation in negative-index photonic crystal superlattices SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID EXPERIMENTAL-VERIFICATION; METAMATERIAL AB We demonstrate zero phase delay and deterministically tunable zero-n bandgaps in path-averaged zero-index photonic crystal superlattices. Phase differences are measured with integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometers and all measurements agree well with theoretical analysis and simulations. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Kocaman, S.; Aras, M. S.; Hsieh, P. -C.; Wong, C. W.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Panoiu, N. C.] UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Yu, M. B.; Kwong, D. L.] Inst Microelect, Singapore 117685, Singapore. [Stein, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kocaman, S (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM sk2927@columbia.edu RI Panoiu, Nicolae-Coriolan/G-1256-2014 OI Panoiu, Nicolae-Coriolan/0000-0001-5666-2116 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612404124 ER PT S AU Koplow, JP Soh, DBS AF Koplow, Jeffrey P. Soh, Daniel B. S. GP IEEE TI The 4FAD: a high-extinction-ratio, achromatic, temperature-insensitive, high-damage-threshold, all-fiber, power-selective filter SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We disclose a novel, power-selective, low-insertion-loss, all-fiber device, based on the interaction of self-phase modulation and cross-phase modulation in a segmented, birefringent waveguide. The 4FAD provides new functionality of great value for pulsed laser systems. C1 [Koplow, Jeffrey P.; Soh, Daniel B. S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Koplow, JP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jkoplow@sandia.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401230 ER PT S AU Lee, J Talbayev, D Zhang, CL Xu, XS Cheong, SW Taylor, AJ Prasankumar, RP AF Lee, J. Talbayev, D. Zhang, C. L. Xu, X. S. Cheong, S. -W. Taylor, A. J. Prasankumar, R. P. GP IEEE TI Ultrafast Optical Spectroscopy of Multiferroic LuFe2O4 SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID SYSTEM LUFE2O4; CHARGE AB Temperature-dependent femtosecond optical spectroscopy is used to track polaron dynamics in the spin and charge frustrated system LuFe2O4, revealing the influence of charge and spin ordering on polaron excitation, redressing, and coupling to on-site excitations. (C)2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Lee, J.; Talbayev, D.; Taylor, A. J.; Prasankumar, R. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Zhang, C. L.; Cheong, S. -W.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Emergent Mat, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Xu, X. S.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jinholee@lanl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403445 ER PT S AU Li, Q Hoogeboom-Pot, K Siemens, ME Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC Yang, RG Anderson, EH Hellwig, O Gurney, B Nelson, KA AF Li, Qing Hoogeboom-Pot, Kathleen Siemens, Mark E. Murnane, Margaret M. Kapteyn, Henry C. Yang, Ronggui Anderson, Erik H. Hellwig, Olav Gurney, Bruce Nelson, Keith A. GP IEEE TI Generation and Detection of Very Short-Wavelength Surface Acoustic Waves at Nano-interfaces SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID FILMS AB Using an ultrafast laser to excite 2D nanostructures, and coherent extreme ultraviolet light to detect the resulting acoustic response, we observe and characterize the shortest-wavelength (35 nm) surface acoustic waves to date. C1 [Li, Qing; Hoogeboom-Pot, Kathleen; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Siemens, Mark E.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Yang, Ronggui] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, Erik H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr X ray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hellwig, Olav; Gurney, Bruce] Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose, CA 95135 USA. [Nelson, Keith A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Li, Q (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM qing.li@colorado.edu RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; Yang, Ronggui/H-1278-2011 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403415 ER PT S AU Li, TQ Patz, A Yan, JQ Lograsso, TA Perakis, IE Wang, JG AF Li, Tianqi Patz, Aaron Yan, Jiaqiang Lograsso, Thomas A. Perakis, Ilias E. Wang, Jigang GP IEEE TI Photoinduced Femtosecond Formation of Ferromagnetism in a Strongly Correlated Antiferromagentic Manganite SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID PULSES AB We report a pump threshold behavior of fs photoinduced magnetization enhancement in a antiferromagnetic manganite, which shows the establishment of thermally-inaccessible, hidden ferromagnetic ground state and build-up of new magnetic order parameters within 180 fs. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Li, Tianqi; Patz, Aaron; Yan, Jiaqiang; Lograsso, Thomas A.; Wang, Jigang] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Li, Tianqi; Patz, Aaron; Wang, Jigang] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA USA. [Perakis, Ilias E.] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion, Greece. RP Li, TQ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Li, Tianqi/C-5142-2014 OI Li, Tianqi/0000-0002-5238-8540 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1055352]; U.S. Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-7CH11358] FX This work was also supported by the National Science Foundation Contract No. DMR-1055352. Material synthesis at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-7CH11358. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403447 ER PT S AU Li, TQ Patz, A Perakis, IE Liu, XY Furdyna, JK Wang, JG AF Li, Tianqi Patz, Aaron Perakis, Ilias E. Liu, Xinyu Furdyna, J. K. Wang, Jigang GP IEEE TI Photoinduced Critical Slowing Down of Femtosecond Hole Spin Relaxation in Ferromagnetic GaMnAs SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We report for the first time photoinduced femtosecond hole spin dynamics and critical behaviors in a ferromagnetic semiconductor, revealing, in particular, a critical slowing down of hole spin relaxation near ferro-to paramagnetic phase transition. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Li, Tianqi; Patz, Aaron; Wang, Jigang] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Perakis, Ilias E.] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion 74100, Greece. [Liu, Xinyu; Furdyna, J. K.] Notre Dame Univ, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN USA. RP Li, TQ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Li, Tianqi/C-5142-2014 OI Li, Tianqi/0000-0002-5238-8540 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1055352] FX This work was also supported by the National Science Foundation Contract No. DMR-1055352. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402335 ER PT S AU Li, Y Zheng, J Tan, HB Aras, M Stein, A Gao, J Shu, J Wong, CW AF Li, Y. Zheng, J. Tan, H. -B. Aras, M. Stein, A. Gao, J. Shu, J. Wong, C. W. GP IEEE TI Optomechanical coupling in slot-type photonic crystal cavities SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID DESIGN AB We demonstrate a strong optomechanical coupling air-slot mode-gap photonic crystal cavity with dispersive coupling g(om) up to 940 GHz/nm. Optical and mechanical measurements are shown. Radio frequency spectrum is obtained theoretically and experimentally with a megahertz resonant frequency. (C)2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Li, Y.; Zheng, J.; Tan, H. -B.; Aras, M.; Gao, J.; Shu, J.; Wong, C. W.] Columbia Univ, Opt Nanostruct Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Stein, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Opt Nanostruct Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM yl2584@columbia.edu; cww2104@columbia.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612400061 ER PT S AU Liu, N Hentschel, M Weiss, T Giessen, H Alivisatos, AP AF Liu, Na Hentschel, Mario Weiss, Thomas Giessen, Harald Alivisatos, A. Paul GP IEEE TI Towards 3D plasmon rulers SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We demonstrate a prototype 3D plasmon ruler based on coupled plasmonic oligomers in combination with high-resolution plasmon spectroscopy, rendering the retrieval of the complete spatial configuration of complex macromolecular and their dynamic evolution possible. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Liu, Na; Alivisatos, A. Paul] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hentschel, Mario; Weiss, Thomas; Giessen, Harald] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys 4, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Liu, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nliu@lbl.gov FU Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SPP1391, FOR557]; BMBF [13N9048, 13N10146]; Landesstiftung BW FX N. Liu and A. P. Alivisatos were suported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. M. Hentschel, T. Weiss, and H. Giessen were financially supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SPP1391 and FOR557), by BMBF (13N9048 and 13N10146), and by Landesstiftung BW. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403244 ER PT S AU Mashiko, H Bell, MJ Beck, AR Abel, MJ Nagel, PM Steiner, CP Robinson, J Siefermann, KR Neumark, DM Leone, SR AF Mashiko, Hiroki Bell, M. Justine Beck, Annelise R. Abel, Mark J. Nagel, Philip M. Steiner, Colby P. Robinson, Joseph Siefermann, Katrin R. Neumark, Daniel M. Leone, Stephen R. GP IEEE TI Frequency-tuned isolated attosecond pulses characterized by both 750 nm and 400 nm wavelength streak fields SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB A novel Mach-Zehnder type interferometer coupled with the double optical gating technique provides tunable XUV or VUV isolated attosecond pulses and streak field detection with fields centered at both 750 nm and 400 nm wavelength. C1 [Mashiko, Hiroki; Bell, M. Justine; Beck, Annelise R.; Abel, Mark J.; Nagel, Philip M.; Steiner, Colby P.; Siefermann, Katrin R.; Neumark, Daniel M.; Leone, Stephen R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Ultrafast Xray Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mashiko, Hiroki; Bell, M. Justine; Beck, Annelise R.; Abel, Mark J.; Nagel, Philip M.; Steiner, Colby P.; Siefermann, Katrin R.; Neumark, Daniel M.; Leone, Stephen R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Robinson, Joseph] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mashiko, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Ultrafast Xray Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hmashiko@lbl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403325 ER PT S AU Meinzer, N Ruther, M Linden, S Soukoulis, CM Khitrova, G Hendrickson, J Olitzky, JD Gibbs, HM Wegener, M AF Meinzer, Nina Ruther, Matthias Linden, Stefan Soukoulis, Costas M. Khitrova, Galina Hendrickson, Joshua Olitzky, Joshua D. Gibbs, Hyatt M. Wegener, Martin GP IEEE TI Plasmonic Metamaterials Coupled to Single InGaAs-Quantum-Well Gain SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We present low-temperature femtosecond-pump-probe measurements on arrays of split-ring resonators above a single InGaAs-quantum well in which we study the coupling mechanism between the metamaterial and gain medium upon variation of their separation. 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Meinzer, Nina; Ruther, Matthias; Linden, Stefan; Wegener, Martin] Karlsruhe Inst Technol KIT, Inst Nanotechnol, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Meinzer, Nina; Ruther, Matthias; Linden, Stefan; Wegener, Martin] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Angew Phys, Ctr Funct Nanostructures, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Soukoulis, Costas M.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Khitrova, Galina; Hendrickson, Joshua; Olitzky, Joshua D.; Gibbs, Hyatt M.] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Meinzer, N (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol KIT, Inst Nanotechnol, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM Nina.Meinzer@kit.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402252 ER PT S AU Nag, J Haglund, RF Payzant, EA AF Nag, J. Haglund, R. F., Jr. Payzant, E. A. GP IEEE TI Effects of Growth Temperature on Epitaxial Thin Films of Vanadium Dioxide Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Stoichiometric vanadium dioxide in all of its bulk, thin film and nanostructured forms exhibits an insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) accompanied by structural change, induced by various physical and chemical stimuli such as temperature, ultrashort light pulses, electric field, doping or strain. In these applications, the optical qualities of the films are of paramount importance, but are often highly variable depending on fabrication procedure. We have grown epitaxial films of vanadium dioxide on c-plane (0001) of sapphire using two different procedures involving room temperature growth followed by annealing and direct high temperature growth. Strain at the interface of the substrate and the film due to growth at different temperatures leads to significantg differences in morphologies and phase transition characteristics. We present a comparative study of the morphologies and switching characteristics of the two films and conclude that contrary to conventional wisdom, the room-temperature grown films have smoother, more continuous morphologies and better switching performance. Our observation is supported by theoretical and experimental studies of epitaxial growth of semiconductors. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Nag, J.; Haglund, R. F., Jr.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Payzant, E. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nag, J (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM joyeeta.nag@vanderbilt..edu RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612400005 ER PT S AU Nejadmalayeri, AH Byun, H Kim, J Trotter, DC DeRose, C Lentine, AL Zortman, WA Watts, MR Kartner, FX AF Nejadmalayeri, Amir H. Byun, Hyunil Kim, Jungwon Trotter, Douglas C. DeRose, Christopher Lentine, Anthony L. Zortman, William A. Watts, Michael R. Kaertner, Franz X. GP IEEE TI Integrated optical phase locked loop SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB A silicon photonics based integrated optical phase locked loop is utilized to synchronize a 10.2 GHz voltage controlled oscillator with a 509 MHz mode locked laser, achieving 32 fs integrated jitter over 300 kHz bandwidth. (C)2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Nejadmalayeri, Amir H.; Byun, Hyunil; Kim, Jungwon; Watts, Michael R.; Kaertner, Franz X.] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Trotter, Douglas C.; DeRose, Christopher; Lentine, Anthony L.; Zortman, William A.; Watts, Michael R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nejadmalayeri, AH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM nejadmal@mit.edu FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Funding for this work was provided by Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401430 ER PT S AU Perakis, IE Kapetanakis, M Wang, J AF Perakis, I. E. Kapetanakis, M. Wang, J. GP IEEE TI Ultrafast Non-thermal Switching of the Magnetization in (III,Mn)V Ferromagnets SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Using density matrix equations of motion and a tightbinding bandstructure calculation, we demonstrate nonthermal ultrafast spin switching in (Ga,Mn) As triggered by coherent photoexcitation and controlled by pump fluence and external magnetic field. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Perakis, I. E.; Kapetanakis, M.] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. [Wang, J.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wang, J.] US DOE, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Perakis, IE (reprint author), Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. EM ilias@physics.uoc.gr; myron@physics.uoc.gr; jwang@ameslab.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403313 ER PT S AU Peroz, C Dhuey, S Goltsov, A Harteneck, B Ivonin, I Svetikov, V Babin, S Cabrini, S Yankov, V AF Peroz, C. Dhuey, S. Goltsov, A. Harteneck, B. Ivonin, I. Svetikov, V. Babin, S. Cabrini, S. Yankov, V. GP IEEE TI Digital Planar Holograms fabricated by Step and Repeat UV nanoimprint lithography: from spectrometer chip to higher power laser diodes SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD DE nanoimprint; nanofabrication; integrated optics devices; spectroscopy; laser AB The fabrication of digital planar holograms by Step and Repeat UV nanoimprint lithography is reported. It opens a route for commercial development of new nanophotonic devices based on digital planar holography. Two first applications to be demonstrated are the high resolution spectrometer chips and the enhancement of brightness and power of laser diodes. C1 [Peroz, C.; Babin, S.] aBeam Technol, 5286 Dunnigan Ct, Castro Valley, CA 94546 USA. [Dhuey, S.; Harteneck, B.; Cabrini, S.] LBNL, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. [Goltsov, A.; Ivonin, I.; Yankov, V.] Nano Opt Divices, Washington Township, NJ 07676 USA. RP Peroz, C (reprint author), aBeam Technol, 5286 Dunnigan Ct, Castro Valley, CA 94546 USA. EM cp@abeamtech.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401100 ER PT S AU Phillips, MC Bernacki, BE AF Phillips, M. C. Bernacki, B. E. GP IEEE TI Hyperspectral Infrared Microscopy of Explosives Particles Using an External Cavity Quantum Cascade Laser SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB A hyperspectral infrared microscope using external cavity quantum cascade laser illumination and a microbolometer focal plane array is used to characterize nanogram-scale particles of the explosives RDX, tetryl, and PETN at fast acquisition rates. C1 [Phillips, M. C.; Bernacki, B. E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Phillips, MC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mark.phillips@pnl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401392 ER PT S AU Pholchai, N Sorger, VJ Cubukcu, E Oulton, RF Kolchin, P Borschel, C Gnauck, M Ronning, C Zhang, X AF Pholchai, Nitipat Sorger, Volker J. Cubukcu, Ertugul Oulton, Rupert F. Kolchin, Pavel Borschel, C. Gnauck, M. Ronning, C. Zhang, Xiang GP IEEE TI Coupling Molecular Photoluminescence Into Deep Sub-Wavelength Plasmon Waveguides SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We demonstrate Purcell enhancement of spontaneous decay rate up to 60 times and luminescence intensity up to five-fold from dye molecules strongly coupled to a non-resonant deep-subwavelength metal-dielectric hybrid plasmon waveguide. C1 [Pholchai, Nitipat; Sorger, Volker J.; Cubukcu, Ertugul; Oulton, Rupert F.; Kolchin, Pavel; Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, NSF Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, 3112 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Oulton, Rupert F.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Exp Solid State Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Borschel, C.; Gnauck, M.; Ronning, C.] Univ Jena, Inst Solid State Phys, Friedrich Schiller, D-07743 Jena, Germany. RP Pholchai, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, NSF Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, 3112 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403232 ER PT S AU Qin, Q Reno, JL Hu, Q AF Qin, Qi Reno, John L. Hu, Qing GP IEEE TI Fast tuning of MEMS-based tunable terahertz wire lasers SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We demonstrate a fast frequency tuning of a terahertz wire-laser. Using a piezoactuator and a MEMS-plunger enables a tuning speed up to similar to 15 KHz. Improved bonding-pad design of wire-lasers leads to larger fabrication yield and better mode discrimination. C1 [Qin, Qi; Hu, Qing] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Reno, John L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol MS, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Qin, Q (reprint author), MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM qiqin@mit.edu RI Qin, Qi/G-9373-2013 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401284 ER PT S AU Raman, RN Negres, RA Demos, SG AF Raman, Rajesh N. Negres, Raluca A. Demos, Stavros G. GP IEEE TI Optical Emission from Fused Silica Ejecta Following Localized Exposure to Nanosecond Laser Pulses SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID ABLATION AB We investigate the emission of ejected material during laser ablation of fused silica. The kinetic properties of the ejected particles are also resolved. The results help better understand the transient state of the ejected material. C1 [Raman, Rajesh N.; Negres, Raluca A.; Demos, Stavros G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Raman, RN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM raman4@llnl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402023 ER PT S AU Ratchford, D Shafiei, F Kim, S Gray, S Li, XQ AF Ratchford, Daniel Shafiei, Farbod Kim, Suenne Gray, Stephen Li, Xiaoqin GP IEEE TI Manipulation of Coupling Between Individual Nanoparticles SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We investigate the emission dynamics of a single semiconductor quantum dot near a single Au nanoparticle. Due to coupling between the nanoparticles, the quantum dot exhibits a strong polarization dependence and reduced blinking. C1 [Ratchford, Daniel; Shafiei, Farbod; Kim, Suenne; Li, Xiaoqin] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Gray, Stephen] Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ratchford, D (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM elaineli@physics.utexas.edu RI KIM, SUENNE/F-6352-2013 OI KIM, SUENNE/0000-0002-8438-2805 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403285 ER PT S AU Reichardt, TA Bisson, SE Headrick, JM Farrow, RL Kulp, TJ AF Reichardt, Thomas A. Bisson, Scott E. Headrick, Jeffrey M. Farrow, Roger L. Kulp, Thomas J. GP IEEE TI Pump-Probe Detection of Surface-Bound Organophosphonate Compounds SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We demonstrate a pump-probe approach for the detection of organophosphonate compounds on substrates, in which the pump pulse fragments the parent molecule and the released phosphorous monoxide (PO) fragment is probed using laser-induced fluorescence. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Reichardt, Thomas A.; Bisson, Scott E.; Headrick, Jeffrey M.; Farrow, Roger L.; Kulp, Thomas J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Remote Sensing & Energet Mat Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Reichardt, TA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Remote Sensing & Energet Mat Dept, POB 969,MS 9056, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tareich@sandia.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402425 ER PT S AU Reiten, MT Chowdhury, DR Zhou, JF O'Hara, JF Taylor, AJ Azad, A AF Reiten, Matthew T. Chowdhury, Dibakar Roy Zhou, Jiangfeng O'Hara, John F. Taylor, Antoinette J. Azad, Abul GP IEEE TI Passive Resonance Tuning through Closely Spaced Coupled Split Ring Resonators SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Bilayer split ring resonators as a function of separation (similar to lambda/500) and orientation are measured. Terahertz measurements match simulations showing frequency shifting of the resonances with implications for electrically small antenna design. C1 [Reiten, Matthew T.; Chowdhury, Dibakar Roy; Zhou, Jiangfeng; O'Hara, John F.; Taylor, Antoinette J.; Azad, Abul] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reiten, MT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, MS K771, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mtreiten@lanl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612403352 ER PT S AU Rozema, LA Darabi, A Mahler, DH Blume-Kohout, R Steinberg, AM AF Rozema, L. A. Darabi, A. Mahler, D. H. Blume-Kohout, R. Steinberg, A. M. GP IEEE TI On the Optimal Choice of States for Process Tomography SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID QUANTUM AB Quantum process tomography requires a set of input states sensitive to the unknown process. We experimentally generate a class of 4-photon states and compare their sensitivity to that of coherent states to a decohering process. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Rozema, L. A.; Darabi, A.; Mahler, D. H.; Steinberg, A. M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Rozema, L. A.; Darabi, A.; Mahler, D. H.; Steinberg, A. M.] Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum Control, Inst Opt Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Blume-Kohout, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Blume-Kohout, R.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Rozema, LA (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. EM lrozema@physics.utoronto.ca RI Steinberg, Aephraim/C-3226-2008 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612404032 ER PT S AU Seaberg, MD Adams, DE Schlotter, WF Liu, YW Menoni, C Murnane, M Kapteyn, H AF Seaberg, Matthew D. Adams, Daniel E. Schlotter, William F. Liu, Yanwei Menoni, Carmen Murnane, Margaret Kapteyn, Henry GP IEEE TI Sub-30nm Spatial Resolution Imaging Using a Tabletop 13nm High Harmonic SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We report the highest spatial resolution (<30nm) imaging to-date using a tabletop x-ray microscope in any imaging modality. High-harmonic light at 13nm illuminates an object, with images retrieved by iterative phase retrieval of the scatter pattern. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Seaberg, Matthew D.; Adams, Daniel E.; Murnane, Margaret; Kapteyn, Henry] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schlotter, William F.] SLAC, Natl Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Liu, Yanwei] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr X Ray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Menoni, Carmen] Colorado State Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Seaberg, MD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM matthew.seaberg@colorado.edu RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317 FU NSF EUV ERC; NSSEFF FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the NSF EUV ERC and the NSSEFF NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402037 ER PT S AU Seletskiy, DV Hasselbeck, MP Li, CY Cederberg, JG Katzenmeyer, A Toimil-Molares, ME Leonard, F Talin, AA Sheik-Bahae, M AF Seletskiy, Denis V. Hasselbeck, Michael P. Li, Chia-Yeh Cederberg, Jeffrey G. Katzenmeyer, Aaron Toimil-Molares, Maria E. Leonard, Francois Talin, A. Alec Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor GP IEEE TI Acoustic Plasmons in InAs Nanowires SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID EMISSION AB The THz radiation spectra of an ensemble of free-standing InAs nanowires exhibits features consistent with the presence of low energy acoustic plasmons. The deduced electron concentration agrees with separate transconductance measurements. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Seletskiy, Denis V.; Hasselbeck, Michael P.; Li, Chia-Yeh; Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, 800 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Cederberg, Jeffrey G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Katzenmeyer, Aaron; Toimil-Molares, Maria E.; Leonard, Francois; Talin, A. Alec] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Seletskiy, DV (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, 800 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM dvsunm@gmail.com RI Toimil-Molares, Maria Eugenia/C-5946-2015; Katzenmeyer, Aaron/F-7961-2014 OI Katzenmeyer, Aaron/0000-0002-5755-8537 FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612404166 ER PT S AU Seo, MA Dayeh, SA Upadhya, PC Picraux, ST Martinez, J Swartzentruber, BS Taylor, AJ Prasankumar, RP AF Seo, M. A. Dayeh, S. A. Upadhya, P. C. Picraux, S. T. Martinez, J. Swartzentruber, B. S. Taylor, A. J. Prasankumar, R. P. GP IEEE TI Polarization anisotropy of transient carrier dynamics in single Si nanowires SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We present the first ultrafast time-resolved, polarization-dependent experiments on both single-and ensemble-silicon nanowires using non-degenerate spectroscopy. Anisotropy was observed for polarizations perpendicular and parallel to the nanowire. (C)2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Seo, M. A.; Dayeh, S. A.; Upadhya, P. C.; Picraux, S. T.; Taylor, A. J.; Prasankumar, R. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Martinez, J.; Swartzentruber, B. S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Seo, MA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM minahseo@lanl.gov RI Dayeh, Shadi/H-5621-2012 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401029 ER PT S AU Singh, R Rockstuhl, C Zhang, WL AF Singh, Ranjan Rockstuhl, Carsten Zhang, Weili GP IEEE TI Diffractive coupling engineered sharp LC resonance in terahertz metamaterials SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We show that the fundamental LC resonance has its highest quality (Q) factor for a period matching the resonance wavelength in the substrate material. This occurs due to the simultaneous excitation of the lowest order diffraction mode. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Singh, Ranjan; Zhang, Weili] Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Singh, Ranjan] Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, MPA CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Rockstuhl, Carsten] Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena, Inst Condensed Matter Theory & Solid State Opt, D-07743 Jena, Germany. RP Singh, R (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM ranjan@lanl.gov; weili.zhang@okstate.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612404086 ER PT S AU Singh, R Taylor, AJ Chen, HT AF Singh, Ranjan Taylor, Antoinette J. Chen, Hou-Tong GP IEEE TI Temperature tunable behavior of planar terahertz metamaterials fabricated on bulk strontium titanate substrates SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We demonstrate thermal tuning of the inductive capacitive (LC) resonance in terahertz metamaterials made up of gold split-ring resonator (SRR) arrays on ferroelectric bulk Strontium Titanate (STO) substrates. Heating the metamaterial from temperature of 150 K to 425 K causes as high as 69% blue shift in metamaterial resonance frequency due to the change in refractive index of the substrate. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Singh, Ranjan; Taylor, Antoinette J.; Chen, Hou-Tong] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Singh, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ranjan@lanl.gov; chenht@lanl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612404087 ER PT S AU Singh, R Tian, Z Gu, JQ Cao, W Han, JG Wu, J Xing, QR He, MX Zhang, JWW Zhang, WL AF Singh, Ranjan Tian, Zhen Gu, Jianqiang Cao, Wei Han, Jiaguang Wu, Judy Xing, Qirong He, Mingxia Zhang, Jingwen W. Zhang, Weili GP IEEE TI Terahertz superconducting plasmonics and metamaterials SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We demonstrate a superconductor array of subwavelength holes and split ring resonators with active thermal control over their resonant transmission. The arrays were lithographically fabricated on high temperature YBCO superconductor and characterized by terahertz-time domain spectroscopy. We observe a clear switching effect in the plasmonic as well as metamaterial devices as the superconducting film undergoes phase change at the transition temperature. (C)2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Singh, Ranjan; Tian, Zhen; Gu, Jianqiang; Cao, Wei; Zhang, Weili] Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Singh, Ranjan] MPA CINT, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Tian, Zhen; Gu, Jianqiang; Han, Jiaguang; Xing, Qirong; He, Mingxia; Zhang, Weili] Tianjin Univ, Coll Precis Instrument & Optoelect Engn, Ctr Terahertz waves, Tianjin, Peoples R China. [Wu, Judy] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Zhang, Jingwen W.] Harbin Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. RP Singh, R (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM weili.zhang@okstate.edu RI Tian, Zhen/D-8707-2015 OI Tian, Zhen/0000-0002-2861-4325 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612404009 ER PT S AU Strikwerda, AC Tao, H Kadlec, EA Fan, KB Padilla, WJ Zhang, X Shaner, EA Averitt, RD AF Strikwerda, Andrew C. Tao, Hu Kadlec, Emil A. Fan, Kebin Padilla, Willie J. Zhang, Xin Shaner, Eric A. Averitt, Richard D. GP IEEE TI Metamaterial Based Terahertz Detector SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We present a metamaterial based terahertz (THz) detector. The detector design, which combines metamaterials and MEMs, is frequency selective, and we have fabricated and tested detectors at 95 GHz and 693 GHz with noise equivalent powers of 1.13 x 10(-8) W/root Hz and 2.96 x 10(-8) W/root Hz and responsivities of 16,500 V/W and 6,800 V/W, respectively. These values were achieved at room temperature and pressure. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Strikwerda, Andrew C.; Averitt, Richard D.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Tao, Hu] Tufts Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Kadlec, Emil A.; Shaner, Eric A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Fan, Kebin; Zhang, Xin] Boston Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Padilla, Willie J.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Strikwerda, AC (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM raveritt@physics.bu.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612404091 ER PT S AU Tauke-Pedretti, A Vawter, GA Skogen, EJ Overberg, ME Peake, GM Chow, WW Yang, ZSS Alford, C Wendt, J Torres, D AF Tauke-Pedretti, Anna Vawter, G. Allen Skogen, Erik J. Overberg, Mark E. Peake, Gregory M. Chow, Weng W. Yang, Zhenshan S. Alford, Charles Wendt, Joel Torres, David GP IEEE TI Enhanced Frequency Response in Monolithically Integrated Coupled Cavity Lasers and Electro-absorption Modulator SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We present the bandwidth enhancement of an EAM monolithically integrated with two mutually injection-locked lasers. An improvement in the modulation efficiency and bandwidth are shown with mutual injection locking. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Tauke-Pedretti, Anna; Vawter, G. Allen; Skogen, Erik J.; Overberg, Mark E.; Peake, Gregory M.; Chow, Weng W.; Yang, Zhenshan S.; Alford, Charles; Wendt, Joel] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Tauke-Pedretti, Anna; Torres, David] LMATA, Govt Serv LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tauke-Pedretti, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.; Tauke-Pedretti, A (reprint author), LMATA, Govt Serv LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ataukep@sandia.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612400080 ER PT S AU Upadhya, PC Martinez, JA Li, QM Wang, GT Swartzentruber, BS Taylor, AJ Prasankumar, RP AF Upadhya, Prashanth C. Martinez, Julio A. Li, Qiming Wang, George T. Swartzentruber, Brian S. Taylor, Antoinette J. Prasankumar, Rohit P. GP IEEE TI Space-and-Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of Single GaN Nanowires SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Spatially-resolved ultrafast transient absorption measurements on a single GaN nanowire give insight into carrier relaxation dynamics as a function of the laser polarization and position on the nanowire on a femtosecond timescale. (C)2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Upadhya, Prashanth C.; Taylor, Antoinette J.; Prasankumar, Rohit P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Martinez, Julio A.; Li, Qiming; Wang, George T.; Swartzentruber, Brian S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Upadhya, PC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pupadhya@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612404142 ER PT S AU Urbanski, L Wachulak, P Isoyan, A Stein, A Menoni, CS Rocca, J Marconi, M AF Urbanski, L. Wachulak, P. Isoyan, A. Stein, A. Menoni, C. S. Rocca, J. Marconi, M. GP IEEE TI Talbot Effect: A Venerable Idea with New Applications in Nanofabrication SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We describe a coherent nanolithography approach using the Talbot effect in combination with a table top EUV laser emitting at 46.9 nm. The method was used to print large areas of periodic features with nanometer resolution. C1 [Urbanski, L.; Menoni, C. S.; Rocca, J.; Marconi, M.] Colorado State Univ, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wachulak, P.] Mil Univ Technol, Inst Optoelect, PL-00908 Warsaw, Poland. [Isoyan, A.] Synopsys Inc, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. [Stein, A.] Ctr Funct Nanomat, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Urbanski, L (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Menoni, Carmen/B-4989-2011 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401097 ER PT S AU Vailionis, A Gamaly, EG Mizeikis, V Yang, WG Rode, A Juodkazis, S AF Vailionis, Arturas Gamaly, Eugene G. Mizeikis, Vygantas Yang, Wenge Rode, Andrei Juodkazis, Saulius GP IEEE TI Synthesis of Materials by Ultrafast Microexplosion SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Microexplosions triggered by single femtosecond laser pulses tightly focussed inside a crystalline or amorphous host can be used to create high-pressure/density forms of nano-materials via an unconventional synthesis pathway: multiply ionized plasma, separation by diffusion, thermal quenching. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Vailionis, Arturas] Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, McCullough Bldg 227,476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Vailionis, Arturas] Stanford Inst Mat & Energy Sci, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Gamaly, Eugene G.; Rode, Andrei] Australian Natl Univ, Laser Phys Ctr, Res Sch Phys & Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Mizeikis, Vygantas] Shizuoka Univ, Div Global Res Leaders, Naka Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4328561, Japan. [Yang, Wenge] Argonne Natl Lab, HPSynC Carnegie Inst Washington, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Juodkazis, Saulius] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Micro Photon, Fac Engn & Ind Sci, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. RP Vailionis, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, McCullough Bldg 227,476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM SauliusJuodkazis@gmail.com RI Juodkazis, Saulius/D-7615-2011; Rode, Andrei/D-4672-2013; Vailionis, Arturas/C-5202-2008 OI Juodkazis, Saulius/0000-0003-3542-3874; Rode, Andrei/0000-0002-9869-9782; Vailionis, Arturas/0000-0001-5878-1864 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402204 ER PT S AU Wanke, MC Lee, M Nordquist, CD Cich, MJ Grine, AD Fuller, CT Reno, JL AF Wanke, Michael C. Lee, Mark Nordquist, Christopher D. Cich, Michael J. Grine, Albert D. Fuller, Chuck T. Reno, John L. GP IEEE TI Monolithically Integrated Solid-State Terahertz Transceivers SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID CASCADE LASERS; INJECTION AB We monolithically integrated a Schottky diode and a THz quantum cascade laser to create a THz transceiver, capable of detecting incident THz radiation and/or characterizing the performance and dynamics of the QCL. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Wanke, Michael C.; Lee, Mark; Nordquist, Christopher D.; Cich, Michael J.; Fuller, Chuck T.; Reno, John L.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Lee, Mark] Univ Texas Dallas, Dallas, TX USA. [Grine, Albert D.] MATA Govt Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Wanke, MC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mcwanke@sandia.gov FU LDRD office at Sandia National Labs; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the LDRD office at Sandia National Labs. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401103 ER PT S AU Wierer, JJ AF Wierer, Jonathan J., Jr. GP IEEE TI Light Extraction Methods in Light-Emitting Diodes SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD ID EXTERNAL QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; EMISSION AB This paper describes the basics of light extraction in light-emitting diodes covering the ways light is trapped, is lost, and escapes. Additionally, methods to maximize light extraction in various UV-visible emitting semiconductors are shown. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wierer, JJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS1086, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jwierer@sandia.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612401039 ER PT S AU Yang, YM Huang, R Cong, LQ Zhu, ZH Gu, JQ Tian, Z Singh, R Han, JG Zhang, WL AF Yang, Yuanmu Huang, Ran Cong, Longqing Zhu, Zhihua Gu, Jianqiang Tian, Zhen Singh, Ranjan Han, Jiaguang Zhang, Weili GP IEEE TI LC resonance modulation in asymmetric double split-ring resonator metamaterials SO 2011 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 01-06, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB We investigate resonant transmission of planar asymmetric metamaterials made from double split-ring resonators. More than 50% amplitude modulation is observed at the fundamental inductive-capacitive resonance due to circular polarization conversion. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Yang, Yuanmu; Cong, Longqing; Zhu, Zhihua; Gu, Jianqiang; Tian, Zhen; Han, Jiaguang; Zhang, Weili] Tianjin Univ, Ctr Terahertz Waves, Tianjin, Peoples R China. [Huang, Ran; Zhang, Weili] Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Singh, Ranjan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Appl Div, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yang, YM (reprint author), Tianjin Univ, Ctr Terahertz Waves, Tianjin, Peoples R China. EM jiaghan@tju.edu.cn; weili.zhang@okstate.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-910-7 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB77 UT WOS:000295612402186 ER PT J AU Allison, SW Gillies, GT AF Allison, Stephen W. Gillies, George T. GP IEEE TI Phosphor Thermometry at the Cellular Level SO 2011 FUTURE OF INSTRUMENTATION INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP (FIIW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future of Instrumentation International Workshop (FIIW) CY NOV 07-08, 2011 CL Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN SP IEEE, ISA HO Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE optical fiber; thermographic phosphor (TGP); decay time; thermometry AB Luminescence from a thermographic phosphor (TGP) can be very sensitive to temperature, an attribute exploited in commercial and scientific applications at various levels. Depending on the formulation and the processing method, phosphor particle sizes may range from a few nanometers to dozens of microns across. The size, then, may be comparable to or even much smaller than a typical biological cell. In previous biomedical efforts we have explored using TGP's as 1) flow tracers in simulations of positive pressure infusion for brain tumors, 2) their performance for nanoscale thermometry at physiological temperatures, and 3) as surrogates for green fluorescent protein-labelled cells in tests of cytometric neurocatheters. The present effort provides additional supporting quantitative information to aid deployment of phosphor thermometry for cellular level applications. One of the most temperature-sensitive phosphors is La2O2S:Eu. At normal body temperature, a one degree C change in temperature results in a greater than 5% change in decay time. In this work, it is demonstrated that temperature changes of at least 0.05 C can be resolved using this phosphor. Also demonstrated is detection of phosphor signal using small diameter multimode and even single-mode optical fiber. The latter fiber had a 5 micron diameter core and is therefore only slightly larger than biological cells. In conclusion, the results may serve as a guide to further investigations and application of phosphors to biomedical applications. C1 [Allison, Stephen W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Allison, SW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5835-4 PY 2011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEK20 UT WOS:000317042600014 ER PT J AU Baba, JS Bale, BA Allegood, MS AF Baba, J. S. Bale, B. A. Allegood, M. S. GP IEEE TI Development of Radionuclide Based Instrumentation for the Quantitative Study of Plant Physiology SO 2011 FUTURE OF INSTRUMENTATION INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP (FIIW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future of Instrumentation International Workshop (FIIW) CY NOV 07-08, 2011 CL Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN SP IEEE, ISA HO Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE whole plant imaging; SPECT imaging; quantitative SPECT; plant uptake dynamics AB Renewable biofuels are primary research targets as sources for sustainable, net-zero-carbon, alternative energy. In this vein, we are developing an imaging device for whole plant measurement of vascular and metabolic processes. It will provide new information geared towards increasing the output of biofuels and the resilience of plant feedstock. Single Photon Emission Computer Tomography (SPECT) is a commonly used medical imaging technique capable of creating three dimensional images as well as time-lapsed, four dimensional images. SPECT relies upon the administration of radionuclides that emit photons at discrete energies. Establishing uptake and detectable emission threshold levels of delivered activity to a SPECT imaging subject is essential for successful quantitative studies. We present application of radionuclide based uptake and decay measurement of the commonly used medical isotope, Tc-99m, to the quantitative study of Populus deltoids physiology for the purposes of developing this species as a lignocellulose based biofuel feedstock. C1 [Baba, J. S.; Bale, B. A.; Allegood, M. S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Baba, JS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM babajs@ornl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5835-4 PY 2011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEK20 UT WOS:000317042600036 ER PT J AU Barker, AM Hanson, GR Sexton, AK Jones, JP Freer, EB Sjoreen, AL AF Barker, Alan M. Hanson, Gregory R. Sexton, Angela K. Jones, J. P., Jr. Freer, Eva B. Sjoreen, Andrea L. GP IEEE TI An Active RFID Accountability System (RAS) for Constrained Wireless Environments SO 2011 FUTURE OF INSTRUMENTATION INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP (FIIW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future of Instrumentation International Workshop (FIIW) CY NOV 07-08, 2011 CL Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN SP IEEE, ISA HO Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE RAS; RFID; Property; Accountability; Personnel; Tracking AB A team from Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed an RFID Accountability System (RAS) that allows items with active RFID tags to be tracked in environments where tags may not be able to transmit their location continuously. The system uses activators that transmit a short range signal. Active RFID tags are in a sleep state until they encounter an activator. Then they transmit a signal that is picked up by the antennas installed throughout the building. This paper presents the theory of operation, application areas, lessons learned, and key features developed over the course of seven years of development and use. C1 [Barker, Alan M.; Hanson, Gregory R.; Sexton, Angela K.; Jones, J. P., Jr.; Freer, Eva B.; Sjoreen, Andrea L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Barker, AM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5835-4 PY 2011 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEK20 UT WOS:000317042600007 ER PT J AU Barker, AM Killough, SM Bigelow, TS White, JA Munro, JK AF Barker, Alan M. Killough, Stephen M. Bigelow, Timothy S. White, John A. Munro, John K., Jr. GP IEEE TI A Case Study of Modern PLC and LabVIEW Controls: Power Supply Controls for the ORNL ITER ECH Test Stand SO 2011 FUTURE OF INSTRUMENTATION INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP (FIIW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future of Instrumentation International Workshop (FIIW) CY NOV 07-08, 2011 CL Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN SP IEEE, ISA HO Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE PLC; OPC; Remote I/O; LabVIEW; ITER AB Power Supply Controls are being developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to test transmission line components of the Electron Cyclotron Heating (ECH) system, with a focus on gyrotrons and waveguides, in support of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). The control is performed by several Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC's) located near the different equipment. A technique of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is presented to monitor, control, and log actions of the PLC's on a PC through use of Allen Bradley's Remote I/O communication interface coupled with an Open Process Control/Object Linking and Embedding [OLE] for Process Control (OPC) Server/Client architecture. The OPC data is then linked to a National Instruments (NI) LabVIEW system for monitoring and control. Details of the architecture and insight into applicability to other systems are presented in the rest of this paper. Future integration with an EPICS (Experimental Physics Industrial Control System) - based mini-CODAC (Control, Data Access and Communication) SCADA system is under consideration, and integration considerations will be briefly introduced. C1 [Barker, Alan M.; Killough, Stephen M.; Bigelow, Timothy S.; White, John A.; Munro, John K., Jr.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barker, AM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5835-4 PY 2011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEK20 UT WOS:000317042600001 ER PT J AU Boehnen, C Mann, C Patlolla, D Barstow, D AF Boehnen, Chris Mann, Chris Patlolla, Dilip Barstow, Del GP IEEE TI A Standoff Multimodal Biometric System SO 2011 FUTURE OF INSTRUMENTATION INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP (FIIW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future of Instrumentation International Workshop (FIIW) CY NOV 07-08, 2011 CL Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN SP IEEE, ISA HO Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE biometric identification; multimodal biometrics; standoff iris recognition ID IRIS AB Biometric authentication modalities such as face and iris recognition provide a minimally invasive means to uniquely identify individuals and verify identity. Most commercially available biometric systems perform authentication based on a single modality and/or only capture features from a short distance. Most existing standoff iris sensors capture at a lower frame rate, lower resolution, and wider field of view than our system. This work describes the design of a prototype standoff biometric sensor. The complete system is comprised of three sensors, their respective software control modules, and a command and control graphical user interface. Sensor 1 is a high resolution monochrome camera with telephoto zoom and video rate image acquisition. Co-aligned, collimated near infrared (NIR) light emitting diodes (LEDs) provide controlled illumination to facilitate the capture of face and iris images. Sensor 2 is a monochrome stereo camera that acquires low resolution frontal face images and scene depth information. Sensor 3 is dual spectrum camera that acquires pixel registered visible and NIR images at video rate. Ambient room light and NIR flood LEDs provide illumination for capturing profile face and gait images. Real-time analysis of the stereo camera output provides feedback for pan, tilt, zoom, and focus of the sensor platform. A Modularized software control system provides scalability and flexible management. Commodity hardware can be used to control all system components with the exception of sensor 1. C1 [Boehnen, Chris; Mann, Chris; Patlolla, Dilip] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Imaging Signals & Machine Learning Grp, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Boehnen, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Imaging Signals & Machine Learning Grp, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5835-4 PY 2011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEK20 UT WOS:000317042600030 ER PT J AU Boehnen, C Paquit, V Ziock, K Guzzardo, T Whitaker, M Raffo-Caiado, A AF Boehnen, Chris Paquit, Vincent Ziock, Klaus Guzzardo, Tyler Whitaker, Michael Raffo-Caiado, Ana GP IEEE TI Field Trial of a Highly Portable Coded Aperture Gamma Ray and 3D Imaging System SO 2011 FUTURE OF INSTRUMENTATION INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP (FIIW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future of Instrumentation International Workshop (FIIW) CY NOV 07-08, 2011 CL Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN SP IEEE, ISA HO Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE component; Gamma Imaging; 3D Imaging; Stereo Imaging; International Safeguards; Coded Aperture AB Given the growing concerns surrounding declared and undeclared nuclear activities around the world, a novel multi-modal imaging system combining gamma imaging, visible-light imaging, and multi-resolution 3D imaging has been developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). As part of an international collaborative effort, this research aims at providing a portable imaging system to assess, monitor and/or detect nuclear material dispersion in nuclear facilities. This novel imaging system includes (1) a coded-aperture gamma-ray imager that provides a map of all major radiological sources present in the field-of-view and (2) a low-resolution stereo system to retrieve high-level 3D scene information. Using a unique approach to combine the data a 3D model of the scene can be rendered with the gamma information as a projected texture, therefore allowing easy visualization of the location of all detected radiological sources. In this paper, we give a summary of this research by first presenting the instruments, then by detailing our approach to project gamma information on the high-resolution 3D point-cloud, and presenting the results of the first field trial of the system. C1 [Boehnen, Chris; Paquit, Vincent] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Boehnen, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Paquit, Vincent/K-9541-2013 OI Paquit, Vincent/0000-0003-0331-2598 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5835-4 PY 2011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEK20 UT WOS:000317042600021 ER PT J AU Bond, LJ Ramuhalli, P Meyer, RM Coble, J AF Bond, Leonard J. Ramuhalli, Pradeep Meyer, Ryan M. Coble, Jamie GP IEEE TI Advances in Instrumentation for Non-Destructive Testing and Prognostics SO 2011 FUTURE OF INSTRUMENTATION INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP (FIIW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future of Instrumentation International Workshop (FIIW) CY NOV 07-08, 2011 CL Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN SP IEEE, ISA HO Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE Prognostics; Nuclear Power Plants; Nondestructive Evualuation ID TRAVEL-TIME TOMOGRAPHY; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEM; NDE AB There is growing interest in longer-term operation of the current US nuclear power plant fleet. This paper will discuss technologies needed to ensure safe and effective operation of the existing fleet. There will be an increased need for condition-based maintenance applied to active components. It is increasingly recognized that new and advanced sensors and systems will be needed to enable the move from current NDE, with periodic inspections and a find-and-fix approach, to prognostics: using online monitoring to enable operators to proactively manage systems with prediction of remaining useful life. C1 [Bond, Leonard J.; Ramuhalli, Pradeep; Meyer, Ryan M.; Coble, Jamie] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Appl Phys Grp, Natl Secur Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bond, LJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Appl Phys Grp, Natl Secur Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM leonard.bond@pnnl.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5835-4 PY 2011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEK20 UT WOS:000317042600022 ER PT J AU Ericson, MN Frank, SS Britton, CL Baba, JS Lee, SJ McKnight, TE Bobrek, M Farquhar, E Akl, TJ Cote, GL Wilson, MA AF Ericson, M. N. Frank, S. S. Britton, C. L. Baba, J. S. Lee, S. J. McKnight, T. E. Bobrek, M. Farquhar, E. Akl, T. J. Cote, G. L. Wilson, M. A. GP IEEE TI A Custom Electronics Platform for Implantable Perfusion Sensor Development SO 2011 FUTURE OF INSTRUMENTATION INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP (FIIW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future of Instrumentation International Workshop (FIIW) CY NOV 07-08, 2011 CL Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN SP IEEE, ISA HO Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE perfusion; implantable sensing; optical sensing; tissue monitor; transplant monitor ID LIVER-TRANSPLANTATION; UNITED-STATES; OXYGENATION AB A custom signal processing and data acquisition platform has been developed to facilitate optimization of optics-based sensors and associated electronics for tissue perfusion assessment. This laboratory system allows simultaneous use of four optical probes, two photo-spectrometer probes, and up to eight external analog inputs intended for synchronized digitization of commercial physiological monitoring equipment. Each optical probe is composed of a photo-detector and three LED-based excitation wavelengths, for use in either transmission or reflection mode. The system is operated using a custom, LabVIEW-based program to allow programming of system control and data acquisition parameters. Details of this system including the measurement methodology, electronics specifics, control software, and signal processing will be reviewed. Limited data from porcine studies collected using this system will also be presented. When optimized, the required portions of the system will be miniaturized and integrated with data telemetry to enable use as an implanted, post-transplant perfusion monitor. This miniaturized platform may also be suitable for both acute and routine multi-parameter physiological monitoring in medical, sports, and military applications. C1 [Ericson, M. N.; Frank, S. S.; Britton, C. L.; Baba, J. S.; Lee, S. J.; McKnight, T. E.; Bobrek, M.; Farquhar, E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ericson, MN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ericsonmn@ornl.gov RI Ericson, Milton/H-9880-2016 OI Ericson, Milton/0000-0002-6628-4865 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5835-4 PY 2011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEK20 UT WOS:000317042600018 ER PT J AU Fugate, D Fuhr, P Kuruganti, T AF Fugate, David Fuhr, Peter Kuruganti, Teja GP IEEE TI Instrumentation Systems for Commercial Building Energy Efficiency SO 2011 FUTURE OF INSTRUMENTATION INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP (FIIW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future of Instrumentation International Workshop (FIIW) CY NOV 07-08, 2011 CL Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN SP IEEE, ISA HO Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE commercial buildings; wireless networks; wireless sensors; energy efficiency; energy management and control; HVAC commisssioning; retro-commissioning; fault detection and diagnosis AB America's 4.7 million commercial buildings account for nearly one-fifth of the U. S. energy consumption. Studies estimate that commercial building instrumentation and control systems that can provide energy management and control, HVAC commissioning, HVAC fault detection, and lighting management have the potential to reduce up to 30% energy consumption. The most significant key enabler for this progress is future instrumentation systems that can be deployed in commercial buildings with the proper balance of life cycle cost and performance. A synopsis of an ongoing ORNL R&D activity involving advanced instrumentation designed for deploying in single-story and two-story flexible research platforms at ORNL is presented. This includes low cost wireless sensor networks (WSN), energy management and control, intelligent building fault detection and diagnosis (FDD), and advanced control methodologies and how they can be applied to existing buildings as a retrofit strategy. C1 [Fugate, David; Fuhr, Peter; Kuruganti, Teja] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Fugate, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM fugatedl@ornl.gov; fuhrpl@ornl.gov; kurugantipv@ornl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5835-4 PY 2011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEK20 UT WOS:000317042600006 ER PT J AU Kerekes, RA Goddard, JS Cheriyadat, AM Karnowski, TP Cunningham, MF Hornback, DE Fabris, L Ziock, KP AF Kerekes, R. A. Goddard, J. S. Cheriyadat, A. M. Karnowski, T. P. Cunningham, M. F. Hornback, D. E. Fabris, L. Ziock, K. -P. GP IEEE TI Accuracy of a stereo vision system for portable road side portal monitoring SO 2011 FUTURE OF INSTRUMENTATION INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP (FIIW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future of Instrumentation International Workshop (FIIW) CY NOV 07-08, 2011 CL Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN SP IEEE, ISA HO Oak Ridge Natl Lab AB Increasing concern over the smuggling of fissile material has prompted recent interest in constructing portable, rapidly deployable portal monitors to detect gamma radiation in passing vehicles. In this paper, we introduce a stereo system for precise, real-time, road side tracking of vehicles in multi-lane roadways. The stereo system reports 3-D vehicle tracks to a gamma imager, which uses the track information to compensate for vehicle motion and produce detectable gamma peaks. We first describe the algorithmic components of the system, including calibration, camera motion correction, point tracking, stereo correspondence, and vehicle clustering. We also describe the physical system configuration. We then report results from tracking two different vehicles at speeds ranging from 5 to 20 MPH. We report on the accuracy of the system, where we observed a worst-case tracking error of 31 cm and an average tracking error of 9 cm in the direction of motion from a viewing distance of approximately 15 m. C1 [Kerekes, R. A.; Goddard, J. S.; Cheriyadat, A. M.; Karnowski, T. P.; Cunningham, M. F.; Hornback, D. E.; Fabris, L.; Ziock, K. -P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kerekes, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kerekesra@ornl.gov RI Fabris, Lorenzo/E-4653-2013 OI Fabris, Lorenzo/0000-0001-5605-5615 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5835-4 PY 2011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEK20 UT WOS:000317042600031 ER PT J AU Lanzisera, S Dawson-Haggerty, S Jiang, XF Cheung, HY Taneja, J Lai, J Ortiz, J Culler, D Brown, R AF Lanzisera, Steven Dawson-Haggerty, Stephen Jiang, Xiaofan Cheung, Hoi Ying (Iris) Taneja, Jay Lai, Judy Ortiz, Jorge Culler, David Brown, Richard GP IEEE TI Wireless Electricity Metering of Miscellaneous and Electronic Devices in Buildings SO 2011 FUTURE OF INSTRUMENTATION INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP (FIIW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future of Instrumentation International Workshop (FIIW) CY NOV 07-08, 2011 CL Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN SP IEEE, ISA HO Oak Ridge Natl Lab AB Miscellaneous and electronic loads (MELs) consume about 30% of the electricity used in U. S. commercial buildings, but our understanding of their energy use lags the traditional end-uses. A key component of reducing energy use is understanding how devices are used, but few studies have collected field data on the long-term energy used by a large sample of devices due to the difficulty and expense of collecting device-level energy data. This paper describes a wireless MELs metering system and an office building case study where these meters were deployed. Hundreds of miscellaneous and electronic devices where metered for several months. This paper includes key findings on the meters, network and MELs energy use. C1 [Lanzisera, Steven; Cheung, Hoi Ying (Iris); Lai, Judy; Brown, Richard] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lanzisera, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5835-4 PY 2011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEK20 UT WOS:000317042600005 ER PT J AU Li, JM Chen, CH AF Li, Jan-Mou Chen, Chung-Hao GP IEEE TI Queue Warning with Integration of Passive Sensory Systems SO 2011 FUTURE OF INSTRUMENTATION INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP (FIIW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future of Instrumentation International Workshop (FIIW) CY NOV 07-08, 2011 CL Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN SP IEEE, ISA HO Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE Traffic control; Queueing analysis Sensors; Sensor fusion ID FEATURES AB Highway queue warning provides early congestion estimation to motorists and reduces potential delay by allowing them to either change lanes or take alternate routes. It can facilitate effective highway operations as well as lower energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission by preventing traffic from congestion. Quality of the estimation depends heavily on real-time traffic data. This paper proposes a framework for early queue warning and presents an initial effort on intelligent network flow optimization with near real-time data collected by passive sensory systems. Along with near real-time traffic data, highway performance is visualized and traffic congestion can be observed from its beginnings. The framework not only shows a systematic approach to conduct queue warning for highway operations but also severs as a platform to bridge the demand and supply of sensing technologies. Primary components of the framework and future needs on traffic data are also discussed. C1 [Li, Jan-Mou] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Anal, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Anal, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. EM lij3@ornl.gov; cxchen@odu.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5835-4 PY 2011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEK20 UT WOS:000317042600043 ER PT J AU McCormick, F AF McCormick, Frederick (Rick) GP IEEE TI 3D IR Metamaterial Science and Technology at Sandia National Laboratories SO 2011 FUTURE OF INSTRUMENTATION INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP (FIIW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future of Instrumentation International Workshop (FIIW) CY NOV 07-08, 2011 CL Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN SP IEEE, ISA HO Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE metamaterials; plasmonics; nanophotonics; LWIR ID MEMBRANE PROJECTION LITHOGRAPHY; LAYERS AB Sandia National Laboratories' Metamaterial Science and Technology Program has developed novel HPC-based design tools, wafer scale 3D fabrication processes, and characterization tools to enable thermal IR optical metamaterial application studies. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Phys Chem & Nanosci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McCormick, F (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Phys Chem & Nanosci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM fbmccor@sandia.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5835-4 PY 2011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEK20 UT WOS:000317042600013 ER PT J AU Mueller, JKP Evans, BM Ericson, MN Farquhar, E Lind, R Kelley, K Pusch, M von Marcard, T Wilken, JM AF Mueller, John Kyle P. Evans, Boyd M., III Ericson, M. Nance Farquhar, Ethan Lind, Randall Kelley, Kevin Pusch, Martin von Marcard, Timo Wilken, Jason M. GP IEEE TI A Mobile Motion Analysis System Using Inertial Sensors for Analysis of Lower Limb Prosthetics SO 2011 FUTURE OF INSTRUMENTATION INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP (FIIW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future of Instrumentation International Workshop (FIIW) CY NOV 07-08, 2011 CL Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN SP IEEE, ISA HO Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE Prosthetic; Motion Analysis; Inertial Measurement Unit; Ground Reaction Force Sensor AB Soldiers returning from the global war on terror requiring lower leg prosthetics generally have different concerns and requirements than the typical lower leg amputee. These subjects are usually young, wish to remain active and often desire to return to active military duty. As such, they demand higher performance from their prosthetics, but are at risk for chronic injury and joint conditions in their unaffected limb. Motion analysis is a valuable tool in assessing the performance of new and existing prosthetic technologies as well as the methods in fitting these devices to both maximize performance and minimize risk of injury for the individual soldier. We are developing a mobile, low-cost motion analysis system using inertial measurement units (IMUs) and two custom force sensors that detect ground reaction forces and moments on both the unaffected limb and prosthesis. IMUs were tested on a robot programmed to simulate human gait motion. An algorithm which uses a kinematic model of the robot and an extended Kalman filter (EKF) was used to convert the rates and accelerations from the gyro and accelerometer into joint angles. Compared to encoder data from the robot, which was considered the ground truth in this experiment, the inertial measurement system had a RMSE of <1.0 degree. Collecting kinematic and kinetic data without the restrictions and expense of a motion analysis lab could help researchers, designers and prosthetists advance prosthesis technology and customize devices for individuals. Ultimately, these improvements will result in better prosthetic performance for the military population. C1 [Mueller, John Kyle P.; Evans, Boyd M., III; Ericson, M. Nance; Farquhar, Ethan; Lind, Randall] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mueller, JKP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM muellerjp@ornl.gov RI Ericson, Milton/H-9880-2016 OI Ericson, Milton/0000-0002-6628-4865 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5835-4 PY 2011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEK20 UT WOS:000317042600017 ER PT J AU Munro, JK AF Munro, John K., Jr. GP IEEE TI Application of Security Metrics to Instrument Systems That Use Distributed Processing SO 2011 FUTURE OF INSTRUMENTATION INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP (FIIW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future of Instrumentation International Workshop (FIIW) CY NOV 07-08, 2011 CL Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN SP IEEE, ISA HO Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE DCS; ISA99; metrics; security; standards; sensors AB Modern sensors are often integrated into microprocessor chips or into packages with embedded processors to provide "smart sensor" capabilities or to function in networks (e. g., wireless sensor networks) to make complex measurements and to distribute the processing load by performing initial data analysis tasks close to the point of measurement. These systems have many of the operating characteristics of distributed control systems (DCSs), including attendant advantages and vulnerabilities. Important desirable features of DCSs include use of network communications, access to file servers and services supported by modern operating systems. Cyber security, however, is a significant area of vulnerability requiring attention. The International Society for Automation (ISA) has and is developing standards (ISA99) to address all aspects of cyber security for industrial automation. One of these aspects deals with development of security metrics that can be used to determine compliance with the security standards and can also serve as a basis for an effort to monitor in real time those processes that have potential associated security risks and to provide warning of the occurrence of possible security incidents. Security metrics developed for ISA99 are described and some ways to use them to protect instrument systems are proposed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Munro, JK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM munrojkjr@ornl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5835-4 PY 2011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEK20 UT WOS:000317042600002 ER PT J AU Neal, J Boatner, L Bell, Z Akkurt, H McCarthy, M AF Neal, John Boatner, Lynn Bell, Zane Akkurt, Hatice McCarthy, Mike GP IEEE TI Evaluation of Neutron and Gamma Detectors for High-Temperature Well-Logging Applications SO 2011 FUTURE OF INSTRUMENTATION INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP (FIIW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future of Instrumentation International Workshop (FIIW) CY NOV 07-08, 2011 CL Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN SP IEEE, ISA HO Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE component; nuclear logging; high temperature scintillators; neutron detectors AB Nuclear methods based on neutron and gamma-ray detection have been used for decades in the well-logging industry, including both oil and gas logging, for characterization purposes. Current well-logging tools operate in the range of 150 to 175 degrees C. For geothermal logging applications, however, operations at higher temperatures are needed. In this paper, the results for neutron and photon detector measurements at higher temperatures, environmental tests, and modeling and simulations are presented. C1 [Neal, John; Boatner, Lynn; Bell, Zane; Akkurt, Hatice; McCarthy, Mike] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Neal, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5835-4 PY 2011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEK20 UT WOS:000317042600046 ER PT J AU Passian, A Farahi, RH Tetard, L Lereu, AL Gleason, S AF Passian, A. Farahi, R. H. Tetard, L. Lereu, A. L. Gleason, S. GP IEEE TI Nanoplasmonics in energy and biomedical research SO 2011 FUTURE OF INSTRUMENTATION INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP (FIIW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future of Instrumentation International Workshop (FIIW) CY NOV 07-08, 2011 CL Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN SP IEEE, ISA HO Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE Plasmons; Plasmonics; Thermoplasmonics; nanooptics ID PLASMON RESONANCE SENSORS; NEGATIVE-INDEX; SOLAR-CELLS; VISIBLE FREQUENCIES; GOLD NANORODS; SURFACE; METAMATERIALS; SILVER; REFRACTION; ABSORPTION AB Optical and electronic phenomena associated with excitation of plasmons in metal-dielectric interfaces of nanoparticles and nanostructures are central to many emerging applications. We present ongoing efforts in utilizing excitation and decay energy of optically excited surface plasmons toward applications in solar energy conversion and biomedical investigations. C1 [Passian, A.; Tetard, L.; Gleason, S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Passian, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM passianan@ornl.gov RI Lereu, Aude/P-6414-2016 OI Lereu, Aude/0000-0001-7390-7832 NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5835-4 PY 2011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEK20 UT WOS:000317042600045 ER PT J AU Smith, JA Kennedy, JR AF Smith, James A. Kennedy, J. Rory GP IEEE TI In Situ Nuclear Characterization Infrastructure Evolve Microstructure With A Prescribed In Situ Process SO 2011 FUTURE OF INSTRUMENTATION INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP (FIIW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future of Instrumentation International Workshop (FIIW) CY NOV 07-08, 2011 CL Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN SP IEEE, ISA HO Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE infrastructure; microstructure; measurement; irradiation; sensing; controls; nuclear fuels AB To be able to evolve microstructure with a prescribed in situ process, an effective measurement infrastructure must exist. This interdisciplinary infrastructure needs to be developed in parallel with in situ sensor technology. This paper discusses the essential elements in an effective measurement infrastructure. C1 [Smith, James A.; Kennedy, J. Rory] Idaho Natl Lab, Fundamental Fuel Properties, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Smith, JA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Fundamental Fuel Properties, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM James.Smith@INL.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5835-4 PY 2011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEK20 UT WOS:000317042600024 ER PT J AU Zavala, VM AF Zavala, Victor M. GP IEEE TI Proactive Energy Management for High-Performance Buildings: Exploiting and Motivating Sensor Technologies SO 2011 FUTURE OF INSTRUMENTATION INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP (FIIW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future of Instrumentation International Workshop (FIIW) CY NOV 07-08, 2011 CL Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN SP IEEE, ISA HO Oak Ridge Natl Lab AB We discuss how sensor technologies have enabled the development of proactive energy management (EM) systems. At the same time, we discuss how these emerging EM systems motivate the development of new sensor technologies. Proactive EM systems integrate advances in weather forecasting, sensors, predictive models, and real-time optimization algorithms to anticipate uncertain factors that affect energy performance and costs and make real-time set-point corrections (supply conditions, ventilation rates, thermostats) to modulate them. Ongoing deployment studies have found that up to 30% HVAC energy savings are achievable with this type of technology. We describe extensions of these systems to exploit emerging sensor technologies including occupancy, ventilation, and air quality sensors. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zavala, VM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5835-4 PY 2011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BEK20 UT WOS:000317042600004 ER PT S AU Llort, G Casas, M Servat, H Huck, K Gimenez, J Labarta, J AF Llort, German Casas, Marc Servat, Harald Huck, Kevin Gimenez, Judit Labarta, Jesus GP IEEE TI Trace spectral analysis toward dynamic levels of detail SO 2011 IEEE 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS (ICPADS) SE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems - Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS) CY DEC 07-09, 2011 CL Tainan, TAIWAN SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Natl Sci Council, Minist Educ, Acad Sinica, Natl Ctr High Performance Comp, Inst Informat Ind, Ind Tech Res Inst, Taiwan Assoc Cloud Comp, Comp Soc Republ China, Intel Corp, Tainan City Govt, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP) AB The emergence of Petascale systems has raised new challenges to performance analysis tools. Understanding every single detail of an execution is important to bridge the gap between the theoretical peak and the actual performance achieved. Tracing tools are the best option when it comes to providing detailed information about the application behavior, but not without liabilities. The amount of information that a single execution can generate grows so fast that it easily becomes unmanageable. An effective analysis in such scenarios necessitates the intelligent selection of information. In this paper we present an on-line performance tool based on spectral analysis of signals that automatically identifies the different computing phases of the application as it runs, selects a few representative periods and decides the granularity of the information gathered for these regions. As a result, the execution is completely characterized at different levels of detail, reducing the amount of data collected while maximizing the amount of useful information presented for the analysis. C1 [Llort, German; Servat, Harald; Huck, Kevin; Gimenez, Judit; Labarta, Jesus] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Casas, Marc] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Llort, G (reprint author), Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. EM gllort@bsc.es; casasguix1@llnl.gov; harald@bsc.es; khuck@bsc.es; judit@bsc.es; jesus@bsc.es RI Labarta, Jesus/G-5256-2015; Llort, German/H-9930-2015 OI Casas, Marc/0000-0003-4564-2093; Servat, Harald/0000-0002-0144-7934; Labarta, Jesus/0000-0002-7489-4727; Llort, German/0000-0002-7345-0841 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; HOPSA-EU project FP7-2011-EU-Russia ICT [277463]; CICYT [TIN2007-60625] FX This research used resources of the Oak Ridge Leadership Facility at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. This work is supported by HOPSA-EU project FP7-2011-EU-Russia ICT, grant agreement number 277463; CICYT contract TIN2007-60625; and MareIncognito project. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1521-9097 BN 978-0-7695-4576-9 J9 INT C PAR DISTRIB SY PY 2011 BP 332 EP 339 DI 10.1109/ICPADS.2011.142 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BYN02 UT WOS:000299395900043 ER PT S AU Totoni, E Bhatele, A Bohm, EJ Jain, N Mendes, CL Mokos, RM Zheng, GB Kale, LV AF Totoni, Ehsan Bhatele, Abhinav Bohm, Eric J. Jain, Nikhil Mendes, Celso L. Mokos, Ryan M. Zheng, Gengbin Kale, Laxmikant V. GP IEEE TI Simulation-based Performance Analysis and Tuning for a Two-level Directly Connected System SO 2011 IEEE 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS (ICPADS) SE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems - Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS) CY DEC 07-09, 2011 CL Tainan, TAIWAN SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Natl Sci Council, Minist Educ, Acad Sinica, Natl Ctr High Performance Comp, Inst Informat Ind, Ind Tech Res Inst, Taiwan Assoc Cloud Comp, Comp Soc Republ China, Intel Corp, Tainan City Govt, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP) DE simulation; performance prediction; mapping; system noise; collective communication AB Hardware and software co-design is becoming increasingly important due to complexities in supercomputing architectures. Simulating applications before there is access to the real hardware can assist machine architects in making better design decisions that can optimize application performance. At the same time, the application and runtime can be optimized and tuned beforehand. BigSim is a simulation-based performance prediction framework designed for these purposes. It can be used to perform packet-level network simulations of parallel applications using existing parallel machines. In this paper, we demonstrate the utility of BigSim in analyzing and optimizing parallel application performance for future systems based on the PERCS network. We present simulation studies using benchmarks and real applications expected to run on future supercomputers. Future petascale systems will have more than 100,000 cores, and we present simulations at that scale. C1 [Totoni, Ehsan; Bohm, Eric J.; Jain, Nikhil; Mendes, Celso L.; Zheng, Gengbin; Kale, Laxmikant V.] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bhatele, Abhinav] Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Mokos, Ryan M.] Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Supercomp Appl, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Totoni, E (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM totoni2@illinois.edu; bhatele@llnl.gov; ebohm@illinois.edu; nikhil@illinois.edu; cmendes@illinois.edu; mokos@ncsa.illinois.edu; gzheng@illinois.edu; kale@illinois.edu FU NSF [OCI 07-25070]; NSF HECURA [NSF-0833188]; DOE [DE-SC0001845]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [LLNL-CONF-500821]; Tera Grid resources [ASC050039N] FX This work was supported in part by the Blue Waters sustained-petascale computing project, which is funded by the NSF grant OCI 07-25070 and by the state of Illinois. It was also supported in part by a NSF HECURA grant NSF-0833188 and a DOE grant DE-SC0001845 for HPC Colony II. This document was released by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for an external audience as LLNL-CONF-500821. Runs for this paper were done on Blue Print and Ember, resources at NCSA, via a Directors allocation for Blue Waters and on Tera Grid resources under allocation ASC050039N. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1521-9097 BN 978-0-7695-4576-9 J9 INT C PAR DISTRIB SY PY 2011 BP 340 EP 347 DI 10.1109/ICPADS.2011.121 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BYN02 UT WOS:000299395900044 ER PT S AU Ziaei-Moayyed, M Habermehl, SD Branch, DW Clews, PJ Olsson, RH AF Ziaei-Moayyed, M. Habermehl, S. D. Branch, D. W. Clews, P. J. Olsson, R. H., III GP IEEE TI SILICON CARBIDE LATERAL OVERTONE BULK ACOUSTIC RESONATOR WITH ULTRAHIGH QUALITY FACTOR SO 2011 IEEE 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS) SE PROCEEDINGS: IEEE MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) CY JAN 23-27, 2011 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP IEEE AB This work demonstrates a lateral overtone bulk acoustic resonator (LOBAR), which consists of an aluminum nitride (AlN) transducer coupled to a suspended thin silicon carbide (SiC) film fabricated using standard CMOS-compatible processes. The LOBAR design allows for high transduction efficiency and quality factors, by decoupling the transduction and energy storage schemes in the resonator. The frequency and bandwidth of the resonator were lithographically defined and controlled. A LOBAR operating at 2.93GHz with a Q greater than 100,000 in air was fabricated and characterized, having the highest reported fxQ product of any acoustic resonator to date. C1 [Ziaei-Moayyed, M.; Habermehl, S. D.; Branch, D. W.; Clews, P. J.; Olsson, R. H., III] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ziaei-Moayyed, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-4244-9634-1 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2011 BP 788 EP 792 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BXE03 UT WOS:000295841200196 ER PT S AU Crouse, MB White, JL Fulp, EW Berenhaut, KS Fink, GA Haack, J AF Crouse, Michael B. White, Jacob L. Fulp, Errin W. Berenhaut, Kenneth S. Fink, Glenn A. Haack, Jereme GP IEEE TI Using Swarming Agents for Scalable Security in Large Network Environments SO 2011 IEEE 54TH INTERNATIONAL MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (MWSCAS) SE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS) CY AUG 07-10, 2011 CL Yonsei Univ, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, CAS, IEEK, SK Telecom, Korea Tourism Org, Seoul Tourism Org HO Yonsei Univ AB The difficulty of securing computer infrastructures increases as they grow in size and complexity. Network-based security solutions such as IDS and firewalls cannot scale because of exponentially increasing computational costs inherent in detecting the rapidly growing number of threat signatures. Host-based solutions like virus scanners and IDS suffer similar issues that are compounded when enterprises try to monitor them in a centralized manner. Swarm-based autonomous agent systems like digital ants and artificial immune systems can provide a scalable security solution for large network environments. The digital ants approach offers a biologically inspired design where each ant in the virtual colony can detect atoms of evidence that may help identify a possible threat. By assembling the atomic evidences from different ant types the colony may detect the threat. This decentralized approach can require, on average, fewer computational resources than traditional centralized solutions; however there are limits to its scalability. This paper describes how dividing a large infrastructure into smaller, managed enclaves allows the digital ant framework to effectively operate in larger environments. Experimental results will show that using smaller enclaves allows for more consistent distribution of agents and results in faster response times. C1 [Crouse, Michael B.; White, Jacob L.; Fulp, Errin W.; Berenhaut, Kenneth S.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Fink, Glenn A.; Haack, Jereme] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Crouse, MB (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. EM croumb6@wfu.edu; glenn.fink@pnl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX This work was funded by the U. S. Department of Energy and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the any of the sponsors of this work. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-3746 BN 978-1-61284-857-0 J9 MIDWEST SYMP CIRCUIT PY 2011 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BXG35 UT WOS:000296057200364 ER PT J AU Kandemir, M Srikantaiah, S Son, SW AF Kandemir, Mahmut Srikantaiah, Shekhar Son, Seung Woo GP IEEE TI Improving Shared Cache Behavior of Multithreaded Object-Oriented Applications in Multicores SO 2011 IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN (ICCAD) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Council Elect Design Automat (CEDA), Special Interest Grp Design Automat (SICDA), ACM AB Understanding shared cache performance when executing multithreaded object-oriented applications and optimizing these applications for multicores have not received much attention. In this paper, we first quantify the intra-thread and inter-thread cache line (block) reuse characteristics of a set of multithreaded C++ programs when executed in shared cache based multicores. Our results show that, as far as shared on-chip caches are concerned, inter-thread cache line (block) reuse distances are much higher than intra-thread cache line reuse distances. We study the impact of these characteristics on the hit/miss behavior of the shared last-level cache on a commercial multicore machine. We then show that, by rearranging accesses to the objects shared across different threads and to the objects stored in nearby memory locations, inter-thread (temporal and spatial) object reuse distances can be reduced, which in turn helps to reduce inter-thread cache line reuse distances. The results we collected using eight multithreaded applications show that our proposed shared cache-aware code restructuring strategy can reduce misses in the last-level on-chip cache of a commercial multicore machine by 25.4%, on average. These savings in cache misses translate in turn to average execution time improvement of 11.9%. C1 [Kandemir, Mahmut; Srikantaiah, Shekhar] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Son, Seung Woo] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kandemir, M (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM kandemir@cse.psu.edu; srikanta@cse.psu.edu; sson@mcs.anl.gov FU NSF [1017882, 0963839]; CNS [0720645]; CCF [0811687, 0702519]; Microsoft Corporation FX This research is supported in part by NSF grants #1017882, #0963839, CNS #0720645, CCF #0811687, CCF #0702519 and a grant from Microsoft Corporation. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-1398-9 PY 2011 BP 118 EP 125 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ27 UT WOS:000299009100019 ER PT J AU Mei, T Thornquist, H Keiter, E Hutchinson, S AF Mei, Ting Thornquist, Heidi Keiter, Eric Hutchinson, Scott GP IEEE TI Structure Preserving Reduced-Order Modeling of Linear Periodic Time-Varying Systems SO 2011 IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN (ICCAD) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Council Elect Design Automat (CEDA), Special Interest Grp Design Automat (SICDA), ACM ID CIRCUITS AB Many subsystems encountered in communication systems can be modeled as linear periodic time-varyiing (LPTV) systems. In this paper, we present a novel structure preserving reduced-order modeling algorithm for LPTV systems. A key advance of our approach is that it preserves the periodic time-varying structure during the reduction process, thus resulting in reduced LPTV systems. Unlike prior LPTV model order reduction (MOR) techniques which recast the LPTV systems to artificial linear time-invariant (LTI) systems and apply LTI MOR techniques for reduction, our structure preserving algorithm uses a time-varying projection directly on the original LPTV systems. Our approach always produces a smaller system than the original system, which was not valid for previous LPTV MOR techniques. We validate the proposed technique with several circuit examples, demonstrating significant size reductions and excellent accuracy. C1 [Mei, Ting; Thornquist, Heidi; Keiter, Eric; Hutchinson, Scott] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mei, T (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tmei@sandia.gov; hkthorn@sandia.gov; erkeite@sandia.gov; sahutch@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-1398-9 PY 2011 BP 361 EP 366 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ27 UT WOS:000299009100058 ER PT J AU Doser, AB Speed, AE Warrender, CE AF Doser, Adele B. Speed, Ann E. Warrender, Christina E. GP IEEE TI ADVERSARY PHASE CHANGE DETECTION USING SOM AND TEXT DATA SO 2011 IEEE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP AND IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING EDUCATION WORKSHOP (DSP/SPE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Digital Signal Processing Workshop/IEEE Signal Processing Education Workshop (DSP/SPE) CY JAN 04-07, 2011 CL Sedona, AZ SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB In this work, we developed a self-organizing map (SOM) technique for using web-based text analysis to forecast when a group is undergoing a phase change. By "phase change, we mean that an organization has fundamentally shifted attitudes or behaviors. For instance, when ice melts into water, the characteristics of the substance change. A formerly peaceful group may suddenly adopt violence, or a violent organization may unexpectedly agree to a ceasefire. SOM techniques were used to analyze text obtained from organization postings on the world-wide web. Results suggest it may be possible to forecast phase changes, and determine if an example of writing can be attributed to a group of interest. C1 [Doser, Adele B.; Speed, Ann E.; Warrender, Christina E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Doser, AB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-61284-227-1 PY 2011 BP 380 EP 383 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYH48 UT WOS:000298803400068 ER PT S AU Filho, F Tolbert, L Ozpineci, B AF Filho, Faete Tolbert, Leon Ozpineci, Burak GP IEEE TI Multilevel Cascade H-bridge Inverter DC Voltage Estimation Through Output Voltage Sensing SO 2011 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION (ECCE) SE IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) CY SEP 17-22, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc ID TOPOLOGIES; SYSTEMS AB This work presents an approach to determine the input voltage value of each cell in a cascade H-bridge multilevel inverter using a sensor at the output of the inverter to eliminate all the dc voltage sensors measuring the individual source voltages. The input voltages can be equal or unequal. The MOSFET device datasheet, the ambient temperature, and the modulation strategy are utilized to estimate the switch voltage drop to compensate for the measurement. The output voltage is then processed by a DSP unit that uses the signals that command the switches to estimate the voltage at each cell. Simulation and experimental results are shown for a seven-level cascade multilevel inverter operating under a RLC load. C1 [Filho, Faete; Tolbert, Leon] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ozpineci, Burak] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Energy & Transportat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Filho, F (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ffilho@utk.edu; tolbert@utk.edu; burak@ornl.gov OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2329-3721 BN 978-1-4577-0541-0 J9 IEEE ENER CONV PY 2011 BP 185 EP 189 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX82 UT WOS:000297545900027 ER PT S AU Mandic, G Ghotbi, E Nasiri, A Oyague, F Muljadi, E AF Mandic, Goran Ghotbi, Ehsan Nasiri, Adel Oyague, Francisco Muljadi, Eduard GP IEEE TI Mechanical Stress Reduction in Variable Speed Wind Turbine Drivetrains SO 2011 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION (ECCE) SE IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) CY SEP 17-22, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE gearbox; stress control; variable speed drives; wind energy; wind turbine ID VIBRATION SUPPRESSION; DRIVE SYSTEM; DISTURBANCE REJECTION; CONTROLLER; FEEDBACK; TORQUE AB The use of variable-speed wind power generation has seen considerable growth. The use of gearboxes in wind turbines allows for smaller size, lower weight, and higher speed generators. In this paper, we attempt to describe methods to extend the life and reliability of wind turbine drivetrains by reducing the mechanical stress. We will represent a two-mass model for the drivetrain of a 750-kW wind turbine. This model is verified by using simulation and experimental results. A controller is designed to adjust the generator torque at the end of the drivetrain to remove the unwanted and damaging torque variations from the drivetrain. The ultimate goal of this study is to present a detailed model of the drivetrain, including the gearbox and ways to mitigate the stress on the gearbox. C1 [Mandic, Goran; Ghotbi, Ehsan; Nasiri, Adel] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Oyague, Francisco] Boulder Wind Power, Colorado Springs, CO 80304 USA. [Muljadi, Eduard] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mandic, G (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM gmandic@uwm.edu; eghotbi@uwm.edu; nasiri@uwm.edu; Francisco.Oyague@boulderwindpower.com; eduard.muljadi@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [09EE0001386] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support received from the U.S. Department of Energy under Award Number: 09EE0001386 to conduct this research. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2329-3721 BN 978-1-4577-0541-0 J9 IEEE ENER CONV PY 2011 BP 306 EP 312 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX82 UT WOS:000297545900044 ER PT S AU Ning, PQ Wang, F Ngo, K AF Ning, Puqi Wang, Fred Ngo, Khai GP IEEE TI Thermomechanical Reliability Investigation of Large Temperature Excursions in Power Electronics Packages SO 2011 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION (ECCE) SE IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) CY SEP 17-22, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc AB This study confirms that high stresses between the metallization layer and ceramic lead to significant failures in DBC substrate. The driving forces behind several different failure modes are discussed. Further understanding of these failure mechanisms enables the modules to be engineered for longtime operation and helps to enhance the reliability of system-level operation. C1 [Ning, Puqi] Power Elect & Elect Power Syst Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Wang, Fred] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ngo, Khai] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Power Elect Syst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Ning, PQ (reprint author), Power Elect & Elect Power Syst Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. FU National Science Foundation [EEC-9731677] FX This paper also made use of ERC Shared Facilities supported by the National Science Foundation under Award Number EEC-9731677. The authors would also like to acknowledge the help of Dr. Dushan Boroyevich from the Center for Power Electronics Systems of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2329-3721 BN 978-1-4577-0541-0 J9 IEEE ENER CONV PY 2011 BP 319 EP 324 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX82 UT WOS:000297545900046 ER PT S AU Zhang, D Wang, F Burgos, R Boroyevich, D AF Zhang, Di Wang, Fred Burgos, Rolando Boroyevich, Dushan GP IEEE TI Inter-phase Interleaving for Balance Operation of Three Phase Voltage Source Converter with Low Non-Triple Carrier Ratio SO 2011 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION (ECCE) SE IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) CY SEP 17-22, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE Carrier ratio; voltage unbalance; voltage source converter; VSC; inter-phase interleaving ID SELECTIVE HARMONIC ELIMINATION; REDUCE BEAT; WAVE-FORMS AB This paper presents the use of inter-phase interleaving for three-phase voltage source converter (VSC). With the proposed inter-phase interleaving, the output three-phase voltages can be balanced even though low non-triple carrier ratios, such as 5 or 7, are used for the VSC. First, the impacts of sideband harmonic components on the fundamental component are analyzed in detail. The validity of analysis is demonstrated by the explanation of beat phenomenon related to non-integer carrier ratio. Based on the analysis, the unbalance issue of output voltages due to non-triple carrier ratio is explained. After that, the inter-phase interleaving control method is proposed to correct such unbalance. With this control method, the output voltages are balanced even with non-triple carrier ratios. The corresponding penalty of potential higher current THD is also discussed in detail. The analysis and control method can be applied to both two-level and multi-level converters. Experimental results verify the analysis and the feasibility of the proposed control method. C1 [Zhang, Di] GE Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. [Wang, Fred] Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN USA. [Burgos, Rolando] ABB Corp, Raleigh, NC USA. [Boroyevich, Dushan] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Cent Power Electron Syst, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Zhang, D (reprint author), GE Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2329-3721 BN 978-1-4577-0541-0 J9 IEEE ENER CONV PY 2011 BP 457 EP 464 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX82 UT WOS:000297545900065 ER PT S AU GopiReddy, L Tolbert, LM Ozpineci, B Xu, Y Rizy, T AF GopiReddy, Lakshmi Tolbert, Leon M. Ozpineci, Burak Xu, Yan Rizy, Tom GP IEEE TI Impact of Power Factor Correction and Harmonic Compensation by STATCOM on Converter Temperature SO 2011 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION (ECCE) SE IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) CY SEP 17-22, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc ID ELECTROTHERMAL SIMULATION AB Most of the failures in IGBTs are caused by thermal fatigue. Hence, the thermal analysis of IGBTs for each particular application is an important step in determining their lifetime. In this paper, the thermal analysis of a STATCOM is presented for two different applications, power factor correction and harmonic elimination. The STATCOM model is developed in EMTP for the above mentioned functions. The analytical equations for average conduction losses in an IGBT and a diode are derived. The electrothermal model is used to estimate the temperature of the IGBT. A comparative analysis of the thermal stresses on the IGBT with various parameters such as power factor, harmonic frequency, and harmonic amplitude is presented as a basis for future reliability testing of IGBTs in FACTS applications. C1 [GopiReddy, Lakshmi; Tolbert, Leon M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ozpineci, Burak; Xu, Yan; Rizy, Tom] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power & Energy Syst Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP GopiReddy, L (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM lgopired@utk.edu; ozpinecib@ornl.gov OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2329-3721 BN 978-1-4577-0541-0 J9 IEEE ENER CONV PY 2011 BP 1928 EP 1934 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX82 UT WOS:000297545902056 ER PT S AU Gao, WZ Wang, XY Muljadi, E AF Gao, Wenzhong Wang, Xiaoyu Muljadi, Eduard GP IEEE TI Power Capacity Specification for Energy Storage in Wind Application Using Probability-Based Method SO 2011 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION (ECCE) SE IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) CY SEP 17-22, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE Battery energy storage system; hybrid energy storage system; non-parametric probability density estimation; super-capacitor; wind power fluctuation ID MODELS AB To accommodate the wind power fluctuation, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) consisting of battery energy system (BESS) and super-capacitor is adopted in this paper. A probability-based power capacity specification approach for the BESS and super-capacitors is proposed. Through this method the capacities of BESS and super-capacitor are properly designed to combine the characteristics of high energy density of BESS and the characteristics of high power density of super-capacitor. It turns out that the super-capacitor within HESS deals with the high frequency fluctuations, which contributes to the extension of BESS lifetime, and the super-capacitor can handle the peaks in wind power fluctuations without the severe penalty of round trip losses associated with a BESS. The proposed approach has been verified based on the real wind data from an existing wind power plant in Iowa. C1 [Gao, Wenzhong; Wang, Xiaoyu] Univ Denver, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Muljadi, Eduard] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gao, WZ (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM Wenzhong.Gao@du.edu; Xiaoyu.Wang@du.edu; Eduard.Muljadi@nrel.gov FU Department of Energy Grant [DEEE0001383] FX This work was supported in part by Department of Energy Grant DEEE0001383. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2329-3721 BN 978-1-4577-0541-0 J9 IEEE ENER CONV PY 2011 BP 2125 EP 2132 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX82 UT WOS:000297545902083 ER PT S AU Tangudu, JK Jahns, TM Bohn, TP AF Tangudu, Jagadeesh K. Jahns, T. M. Bohn, Theodore P. GP IEEE TI Design, Analysis and Loss Minimization of a Fractional-Slot Concentrated Winding IPM Machine for Traction Applications SO 2011 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION (ECCE) SE IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) CY SEP 17-22, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE Electric machines; fractional-slot concentrated windings; interior permanent magnet synchronous machines; electric traction motor ID VEHICLES; DRIVES; HYBRID AB This paper presents details of the design and analysis of a high-performance fractional-slot concentrated winding (FSCW) interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine that has been designed to meet demanding FreedomCAR traction machine specifications. Attention is focused on the design of the IPM rotor, including investigations of the impact of varying the magnet height and the depth of the magnet chevron midpoint on key performance metrics. This paper also addresses interaction between the electromagnetic and structural characteristics of the rotor as bridge and post widths are varied. Predicted performance characteristics of the machine are presented and design techniques are described for improving the machine efficiency at high operating speeds. Test results gathered from an experimental machine exhibit promising agreement with the predicted performance. C1 [Tangudu, Jagadeesh K.; Jahns, T. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Power Elect & Elect Machines Consortium, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bohn, Theodore P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tangudu, JK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Power Elect & Elect Machines Consortium, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jagadeesh.tangudu@gmail.com; jahns@engr.wisc.edu; tbohn@anl.gov NR 19 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2329-3721 BN 978-1-4577-0541-0 J9 IEEE ENER CONV PY 2011 BP 2236 EP 2243 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX82 UT WOS:000297545902099 ER PT S AU Chinthavali, M Tawfik, JA Arimilli, RV AF Chinthavali, Madhu Tawfik, Jonathan A. Arimilli, Rao V. GP IEEE TI Design and Analysis of a 55-kW Air-Cooled Automotive Traction Drive Inverter SO 2011 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION (ECCE) SE IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) CY SEP 17-22, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc AB The purpose of this study is to determine the thermal feasibility of an air-cooled 55-kW power inverter with SiC devices. Air flow rate, ambient air temperature, voltage, and device switching frequency were studied parametrically by performing transient and steady-state simulations. The transient simulations were based on inverter current that represents the US06 supplemental federal test procedure from the US EPA. The results demonstrate the thermal feasibility of using air to cool a cylindrical-shaped 55-kW SiC traction drive inverter with axial-flow of air. When the inverter model is subject to one or multiple current cycles, the maximum device temperature does not exceed 164 degrees C ( 327 degrees F) for an inlet flow rate of 270 cfm, ambient temperature of 120 degrees C, voltage of 650 V, and switching frequency of 20 kHz. The results show that the ideal blower power input for the entire inverter with a total inlet air flow rate of 540 cfm is 312 W. C1 [Chinthavali, Madhu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tawfik, Jonathan A.; Arimilli, Rao V.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Chinthavali, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chinthavalim@ornl.gov; jon.tawfik@gmail.com; arimilli@utk.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725.] FX 1Prepared by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2329-3721 BN 978-1-4577-0541-0 J9 IEEE ENER CONV PY 2011 BP 2345 EP 2352 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX82 UT WOS:000297545902114 ER PT S AU Tang, LX Su, GJ AF Tang, Lixin Su, Gui-Jia GP IEEE TI A Novel Current Angle Control Scheme in a Current Source Inverter Fed Surface-mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive SO 2011 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION (ECCE) SE IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) CY SEP 17-22, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE automotive applications; pulse width modulation current source inverter; current angle control ID MINIMIZATION AB This paper describes a novel speed control scheme to operate a current source inverter (CSI) driven surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM) for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) applications. The idea is to use the angle of the current vector to regulate the rotor speed while keeping the two dc-dc converter power switches on all the time to boost system efficiency. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme was verified with a 3 kW CSI-SPMSM drive prototype. C1 [Tang, Lixin; Su, Gui-Jia] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Tang, LX (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RI Tang, Lixin/B-9242-2009 OI Tang, Lixin/0000-0001-8361-8196 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2329-3721 BN 978-1-4577-0541-0 J9 IEEE ENER CONV PY 2011 BP 2358 EP 2364 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX82 UT WOS:000297545902116 ER PT S AU Ning, PQ Boroyevich, D Ngo, K Wang, F Jiang, D Burgos, R AF Ning, Puqi Boroyevich, Dushan Ngo, Khai Wang, Fred Jiang, Dong Burgos, Rolando GP IEEE TI Development of a 10 kW High Temperature, High Power Density Three-Phase AC-DC-AC SiC Converter SO 2011 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION (ECCE) SE IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) CY SEP 17-22, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc AB This paper presents the development and experimental performance of a 10 kW, all SiC, 250 degrees C junction temperature high-power-density three-phase ac-dc-ac converter. The electromagnetic interference filter, thermal system, high temperature package, and gate drive design are discussed in detail. Finally, tests confirming the feasibility and validating the theoretical basis of the prototype converter system are described. C1 [Ning, Puqi] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Ning, PQ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2329-3721 BN 978-1-4577-0541-0 J9 IEEE ENER CONV PY 2011 BP 2413 EP 2420 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX82 UT WOS:000297545902123 ER PT S AU Lehman, B Wilkins, A Berman, S Poplawski, M Miller, NJ AF Lehman, Brad Wilkins, Arnold Berman, Sam Poplawski, Michael Miller, Naomi Johnson GP IEEE TI PROPOSING MEASURES OF FLICKER IN THE LOW FREQUENCIES FOR LIGHTING APPLICATIONS SO 2011 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION (ECCE) SE IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) CY SEP 17-22, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc ID RESPONSES AB The IEEE Standards Working Group, IEEE PAR1789 "Recommending practices for modulating current in High Brightness LEDs for mitigating health risks to viewers" has been formed to advise the lighting industry and standards groups about the emerging concern of flicker in LED lighting. This paper intends to introduce new measures and definitions of lamp flicker in lighting. The discussion represents on-going work in IEEE PAR1789 that is vital to designing safe LED lamp drivers. C1 [Lehman, Brad] Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Wilkins, Arnold] Univ Essex, Visual Percept Unit, Colchester, Essex, England. [Berman, Sam] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Sci Emeritus, Berkeley, CA USA. [Poplawski, Michael; Miller, Naomi Johnson] Pacif Northwest Natl Lab, Portland, OR USA. RP Lehman, B (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. OI Wilkins, Arnold/0000-0002-9322-0461 NR 21 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2329-3721 BN 978-1-4577-0541-0 J9 IEEE ENER CONV PY 2011 BP 2865 EP 2872 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX82 UT WOS:000297545903060 ER PT S AU Fregosi, D Bhattacharya, S Atcitty, S AF Fregosi, Daniel Bhattacharya, Subhashish Atcitty, Stanley GP IEEE TI Empirical Battery Model Characterizing a Utility-scale Carbon-enhanced VRLA Battery SO 2011 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION (ECCE) SE IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) CY SEP 17-22, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc AB In this paper, the electrical characteristics of a carbon enhanced valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) battery from East Penn Manufacturing are investigated and a dynamic model is developed for use in electrical simulations. The electrochemical processes that cause specific dynamic behaviors have been investigated. These processes are explained and a non-linear electric model, which captures the results of some of these electrochemical dynamics, is presented. The method to determine model parameters using experimental data is shown. To verify the battery model, both a pulsed current profile and an arbitrary current profile were applied to the battery and to the battery model and the voltage responses of the two were compared. C1 [Fregosi, Daniel; Bhattacharya, Subhashish] North Carolina State Univ, ECE Dept, FREEDM Syst Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Atcitty, Stanley] Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Storage & Transmiss Anal, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Fregosi, D (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, ECE Dept, FREEDM Syst Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM djfregos@ncsu.edu; sbhatta4@ncsu.edu; satcitt@sandia.gov FU ERC Program of the National Science Foundation [EEC-0812121] FX The FREEDM Systems Center is supported by the ERC Program of the National Science Foundation under Award Number EEC-0812121. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2329-3721 BN 978-1-4577-0541-0 J9 IEEE ENER CONV PY 2011 BP 3541 EP 3548 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX82 UT WOS:000297545904026 ER PT J AU Kudekar, S Richardson, T Urbanke, R AF Kudekar, Shrinivas Richardson, Tom Urbanke, Ruediger GP IEEE TI Existence and Uniqueness of GEXIT Curves via the Wasserstein Metric SO 2011 IEEE INFORMATION THEORY WORKSHOP (ITW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW) CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL Paraty, BRAZIL SP IEEE AB In the analysis of iterative coding systems it is often necessary to compare two densities and to measure how close they are. Sometimes it is convenient to compare their entropy or their Battacharyya parameter. But sometimes a more powerful measure is required. The Wasserstein metric is a convenient choice. We derive some basic properties of the Wasserstein metric which are important in the context of iterative coding. In particular, we will see how the Wasserstein metric compares to some other natural measures (such as the difference of entropies or Battacharyya parameters) and how the Wasserstein metric behaves under "natural" operations, like variable-or check-node convolution or under convex combinations. As an "application" we show how to prove the existence of the belief propagation Generalized EXIT curve for a non-trivial portion of the parameters. C1 [Kudekar, Shrinivas] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies & Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Richardson, Tom] Qualcomm, San Diego, CA USA. [Urbanke, Ruediger] Sch Comp & Communica Sci, Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Kudekar, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies & Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kudekar@gmail.com; tjr@qualcomm.com; ruediger.urbanke@epfl.ch RI Urbanke, Ruediger/K-6310-2016 OI Urbanke, Ruediger/0000-0002-4839-821X FU U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; NMC via NSF [CCF-0829945]; European project STAMINA [265496] FX S. Kudekars work at LANL was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. SK also acknowledges support of NMC via the NSF collaborative grant CCF-0829945 on Harnessing Statistical Physics for Computing and Communications. The work of R. Urbanke was supported by the European project STAMINA, 265496. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-0437-6 PY 2011 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BYN24 UT WOS:000299416200136 ER PT S AU Yu, WK Wu, KJ Ku, WS Xu, C Gao, J AF Yu, Weikuan Wu, K. John Ku, Wei-Shinn Xu, Cong Gao, Juan GP IEEE TI BMF: Bitmapped Mass Fingerprinting for Fast Protein Identification SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING (CLUSTER) SE IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER) CY SEP 26-30, 2011 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Intel, Dell, SGI, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp (TCSC), Platform Comp, Mellanox, RGM Advisors, LLC, Data Direct, AMD, HPCwire DE Protein Identification; Peptide Mass Fingerprinting; Protein Databases; FastBit; Cray XT5 ID PEPTIDE SEQUENCE TAGS; SPECTROMETRY; DATABASES; INDEXES; SEARCH AB Protein identification is an important objective for proteomic and medical sciences as well as for pharmaceutical industry. With recent large-scale automation of genome sequencing and the explosion of protein databases, it is important to exploit latest data processing technologies and design highly scalable algorithms to speed up protein identification. In this study, we design, implement, and evaluate a new software tool, Bitmapped Mass Fingerprinting (BMF), that can efficiently construct a bitmap index for short peptides, and quickly identify candidate proteins from leading protein databases. BMF is developed by integrating the FastBit indexing technology and the popular Message Passing Interface (MPI) for parallelization. By exploiting FastBit for peptide mass fingerprinting across protein boundaries, we are able to accomplish parallel computation and I/O for a scalable implementation of protein identification. Our experimental results show that BMF brings dramatic performance improvement for protein identification from various protein databases. In particular, we demonstrate that BMF can effectively scale up to 8,192 cores on the Jaguar Supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, achieving superb performance in identifying proteins from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) non-redundant (NR) protein database. C1 [Yu, Weikuan; Ku, Wei-Shinn; Xu, Cong; Gao, Juan] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Wu, K. John; Gao, Juan] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley Hts, NJ USA. RP Yu, WK (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM wkyu@auburn.edu; kwu@lbl.gov; weishinn@auburn.edu; czx0003@auburn.edu; jgao@auburn.edu FU NSF [CNS- 1059376, CNS-0917137]; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy; National Center for Computational Sciences; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05 00OR22725] FX This research is sponsored in part by NSF awards CNS- 1059376 and CNS-0917137, and in part by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, U.S. Department of Energy. This research used resources of the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05 00OR22725. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1552-5244 BN 978-0-7695-4516-5 J9 IEEE INT C CL COMP PY 2011 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1109/CLUSTER.2011.11 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BYG36 UT WOS:000298564900003 ER PT S AU Shamis, P Graham, R Venkata, MG Ladd, J AF Shamis, Pavel Graham, Richard Venkata, Manjunath Gorentla Ladd, Joshua GP IEEE TI Design and Implementation of Broadcast Algorithms for Extreme-Scale Systems SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING (CLUSTER) SE IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER) CY SEP 26-30, 2011 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Intel, Dell, SGI, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp, Platform Comp, Mellanox, RGM Advisors, LLC, Data Direct, AMD, HPCwire DE MPI; Scalability; Hierarchy; Broadcast; Algorithm AB The scalability and performance of collective communication operations limit the scalability and performance of many scientific applications. This paper presents two new blocking and nonblocking Broadcast algorithms for communicators with arbitrary communication topology, and studies their performance. These algorithms benefit from increased concurrency and a reduced memory footprint, making them suitable for use on large-scale systems. Measuring small, medium, and large data Broadcasts on a Cray-XT5, using 24,576 MPI processes, the Cheetah algorithms outperform the native MPI on that system by 51%, 69%, and 9%, respectively, at the same process count. These results demonstrate an algorithmic approach to the implementation of the important class of collective communications, which is high performing, scalable, and also uses resources in a scalable manner. C1 [Shamis, Pavel; Graham, Richard; Venkata, Manjunath Gorentla; Ladd, Joshua] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Shamis, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM shamisp@ornl.gov; rlgraham@ornl.gov; manjugv@ornl.gov; laddjs@ornl.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1552-5244 BN 978-0-7695-4516-5 J9 IEEE INT C CL COMP PY 2011 BP 74 EP 83 DI 10.1109/CLUSTER.2011.17 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BYG36 UT WOS:000298564900009 ER PT S AU Kumar, S Vishwanath, V Carns, P Summa, B Scorzelli, G Pascucci, V Ross, R Chen, J Kolla, H Grout, R AF Kumar, Sidharth Vishwanath, Venkatram Carns, Philip Summa, Brian Scorzelli, Giorgio Pascucci, Valerio Ross, Robert Chen, Jacqueline Kolla, Hemanth Grout, Ray GP IEEE TI PIDX: Efficient Parallel I/O for Multi-resolution Multi-dimensional Scientific Datasets SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING (CLUSTER) SE IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER) CY SEP 26-30, 2011 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Intel, Dell, SGI, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp (TCSC), Platform Comp, Mellanox, RGM Advisors, LLC, Data Direct, AMD, HPCwire AB The IDX data format provides efficient, cache oblivious, and progressive access to large-scale scientific datasets by storing the data in a hierarchical Z (HZ) order. Data stored in IDX format can be visualized in an interactive environment allowing for meaningful explorations with minimal resources. This technology enables real-time, interactive visualization and analysis of large datasets on a variety of systems ranging from desktops and laptop computers to portable devices such as iPhones/iPads and over the web. While the existing ViSUS API for writing IDX data is serial, there are obvious advantages of applying the IDX format to the output of large scale scientific simulations. We have therefore developed PIDX - a parallel API for writing data in an IDX format. With PIDX it is now possible to generate IDX datasets directly from large scale scientific simulations with the added advantage of real-time monitoring and visualization of the generated data. In this paper, we provide an overview of the IDX file format and how it is generated using PIDX. We then present a data model description and a novel aggregation strategy to enhance the scalability of the PIDX library. The S3D combustion application is used as an example to demonstrate the efficacy of PIDX for a real-world scientific simulation. S3D is used for fundamental studies of turbulent combustion requiring exceptionally high fidelity simulations. PIDX achieves up to 18 GiB/s I/O throughput at 8,192 processes for S3D to write data out in the IDX format. This allows for interactive analysis and visualization of S3D data, thus, enabling in situ analysis of S3D simulation. C1 [Kumar, Sidharth; Summa, Brian; Scorzelli, Giorgio; Pascucci, Valerio] Univ Utah, SCI Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Vishwanath, Venkatram; Carns, Philip; Ross, Robert] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. [Chen, Jacqueline; Kolla, Hemanth] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), Univ Utah, SCI Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM sidharth@sci.utah.edu RI Kolla, Hemanth/L-2142-2013 OI Kolla, Hemanth/0000-0003-4969-5870 FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science, U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02 06CH11357, DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center FX This work was supported by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Dept. of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 and an Argonne National Laboratory Director Fellowship. This research used resources of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility at Argonne National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02 06CH11357. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1552-5244 BN 978-0-7695-4516-5 J9 IEEE INT C CL COMP PY 2011 BP 103 EP 111 DI 10.1109/CLUSTER.2011.19 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BYG36 UT WOS:000298564900012 ER PT S AU Kerbyson, DJ Vishnu, A Barker, KJ AF Kerbyson, Darren J. Vishnu, Abhinav Barker, Kevin J. GP IEEE TI Energy Templates: Exploiting Application Information to Save Energy SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING (CLUSTER) SE IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER) CY SEP 26-30, 2011 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Intel, Dell, SGI, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp, Platform Comp, Mellanox, RGM Advisors, LLC, Data Direct, AMD, HPCwire DE High Performance Computing; Energy Optimization; Templates AB In this work we consider a novel application centric approach for saving energy on large-scale parallel systems. By using a priori information on the expected application behavior we identify points at which processor-cores will wait for incoming data and thus may be placed in a low power state to save energy. The approach is general and complements many of the existing approaches that rely on saving energy at points of global synchronization. We capture the expected application behavior into an Energy Template whose purpose is to identify when cores are expected to be in an idle state and allow the runtime to use the template information and change the power state of the core. We prototype an Energy Template for a wavefront algorithm that contains an complex processing pattern in which cores wait for incoming data before processing local data and whose wait-time varies from phase to phase. The implementation uses PMPI and requires minimal changes to the application code. Using a power instrumented cluster we demonstrate that using an Energy Template for the wavefront application lowers the power requirements by 8% when using 216 cores, from the system maximum of 23%, and the energy requirements by 4%. We also show that the wavefront's inherent parallel activity will lead to increased savings on larger systems. C1 [Kerbyson, Darren J.; Vishnu, Abhinav; Barker, Kevin J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, PAL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kerbyson, DJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, PAL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Darren.Kerbyson@pnnl.gov; Abhinav.Vishnu@pnnl.gov; Kevin.Barker@pnnl.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1552-5244 BN 978-0-7695-4516-5 J9 IEEE INT C CL COMP PY 2011 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1109/CLUSTER.2011.33 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BYG36 UT WOS:000298564900025 ER PT S AU Kerbyson, DJ Barker, KJ AF Kerbyson, Darren J. Barker, Kevin J. GP IEEE TI Analyzing the Performance Bottlenecks of the POWER7-IH Network SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING (CLUSTER) SE IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER) CY SEP 26-30, 2011 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Intel, Dell, SGI, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp, Platform Comp, Mellanox, RGM Advisors, LLC, Data Direct, AMD, HPCwire DE High Performance Computing; Performance Analysis; Performance Optimization; Task mapping AB In this work we provide an early performance analysis of the communication network in a small-scale POWER7-IH processing system from IBM. Using a set of communication micro-benchmarks we quantify the achievable bandwidth of the communication links available in the system that differ in their peak performance characteristics. We also identify the bottlenecks within the communication network and show that the bandwidth a single node can inject into the network is considerably less than the bandwidth available to the IBM hub chip, that acts as a NIC to the node as well as being an integral part of the P7-IH network. Using a communication pattern that is representative of activities in many scientific applications that have regular communication patterns, we show how the default task-to-core assignment on the P7-IH achieves sub-optimal performance in most cases. We also show that when using a diagonal-cyclic assignment, as developed in this work that takes into account the network topology as well as routing strategy, the communication performance can be improved by up to 75%. We expect even greater improvements in the communication performance on larger P7-IH systems. C1 [Kerbyson, Darren J.; Barker, Kevin J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Performance & Architecture Lab PAL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kerbyson, DJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Performance & Architecture Lab PAL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Darren.Kerbyson@pnnl.gov; Kevin.Barker@pnnl.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1552-5244 BN 978-0-7695-4516-5 J9 IEEE INT C CL COMP PY 2011 BP 244 EP 252 DI 10.1109/CLUSTER.2011.35 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BYG36 UT WOS:000298564900027 ER PT S AU Meneses, E Kale, LV Bronevetsky, G AF Meneses, Esteban Kale, Laxmikant V. Bronevetsky, Greg GP IEEE TI Dynamic Load Balance for Optimized Message Logging in Fault Tolerant HPC Applications SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING (CLUSTER) SE IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER) CY SEP 26-30, 2011 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Intel, Dell, SGI, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp (TCSC), Platform Comp, Mellanox, RGM Advisors, LLC, Data Direct, AMD, HPCwire DE load balancing; causal message logging; fault tolerance AB Computing systems will grow significantly larger in the near future to satisfy the needs of computational scientists in areas like climate modeling, biophysics and cosmology. Supercomputers being installed in the next few years will comprise millions of cores, hundreds of thousands of processor chips and millions of physical components. However, it is expected that failures become more prevalent in those machines to the point where 10% of an Exascale system will be wasted just recovering from failures. Further, with such large numbers of cores, fine-grained and dynamic load balance will become increasingly critical for maintaining good system utilization. This paper addresses both fault tolerance and load balancing by presenting a novel extension of traditional message logging protocols based on team checkpointing. Message logging makes it possible to recover from localized failures by rolling back just the failed processing elements. Since this comes at a high memory overhead from logging all communication, we reduce this cost by organizing processing elements into teams and only logging messages between teams. Further, we show how to dynamically partition the application into teams to simultaneously minimize the cost of fault tolerance and to balance application load. We experimentally show that this scheme has low overhead and can dramatically reduce the memory cost of message logging. C1 [Meneses, Esteban; Kale, Laxmikant V.] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, 1304 W Springfield Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bronevetsky, Greg] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Scientif Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Meneses, E (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, 1304 W Springfield Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM emenese2@illinois.edu; kale@illinois.edu; greg@bronevetsky.com OI Meneses, Esteban/0000-0002-4307-6000 FU US Department of Energy [DOE DE-SC0001845]; machine allocation on the Teragrid [ASC050039N]; U.S. Department of Energy; National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This research was supported in part by the US Department of Energy under grant DOE DE-SC0001845 and by a machine allocation on the Teragrid under award ASC050039N. This work was partially performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1552-5244 BN 978-0-7695-4516-5 J9 IEEE INT C CL COMP PY 2011 BP 281 EP 289 DI 10.1109/CLUSTER.2011.39 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BYG36 UT WOS:000298564900031 ER PT S AU Edwards, HC Sunderland, D Amsler, C Mish, S AF Edwards, H. Carter Sunderland, Daniel Amsler, Chris Mish, Sam GP IEEE TI Multicore/GPGPU Portable Computational Kernels via Multidimensional Arrays SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING (CLUSTER) SE IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER) CY SEP 26-30, 2011 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Intel, Dell, SGI, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp (TCSC), Platform Comp, Mellanox, RGM Advisors, LLC, Data Direct, AMD, HPCwire DE Parallel programming; multicore; manycore; GPGPU AB Large, complex scientific and engineering application code have a significant investment in computational kernels to implement their mathematical models. Porting these computational kernels to the collection of modern manycore accelerator devices is a major challenge in that these devices have diverse programming models, application programming interfaces (APIs), and performance requirements. The Trilinos-Kokkos array programming model provides library-based approach to implement computational kernels that are performance-portable to CPU-multicore and GPGPU accelerator devices. This programming model is based upon three fundamental concepts: (1) there exists one or more manycore compute devices each with its own memory space, (2) data parallel kernels are executed via parallel_for and parallel_reduce operations, and (3) kernels operate on multidimensional arrays. Kernel execution performance is, especially for NVIDIA (R) GPGPU devices, extremely dependent on data access patterns. An optimal data access pattern can be different for different manycore devices - potentially leading to different implementations of computational kernels specialized for different devices. The Trilinos-Kokkos programming model support performance-portable kernels by separating data access patterns from computational kernels through a multidimensional array API. Through this API device-specific mappings of multi-indices to device memory are introduced into a computational kernel through compile-time polymorphism; i.e., without modification of the kernel. C1 [Edwards, H. Carter] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Res Comp, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Sunderland, Daniel] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Amsler, Chris] Kansas State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Mish, Sam] Calif State Univ Chico, Dept Math, Chico, CA 95929 USA. RP Edwards, HC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Res Comp, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM hcedwar@sandia.gov; dsunder@sandia.gov; camsler@ksu.edu; smish@mail.csuchico.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [AC04-94AL85000]; Sandia [SAND2011-3953C] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This paper is cross-referenced at Sandia as SAND2011-3953C. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1552-5244 BN 978-0-7695-4516-5 J9 IEEE INT C CL COMP PY 2011 BP 363 EP 370 DI 10.1109/CLUSTER.2011.47 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BYG36 UT WOS:000298564900040 ER PT S AU Chen, L Villa, O Gao, GR AF Chen, Long Villa, Oreste Gao, Guang R. GP IEEE TI Exploring Fine-Grained Task-based Execution on Multi-GPU Systems SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING (CLUSTER) SE IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER) CY SEP 26-30, 2011 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Intel, Dell, SGI, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp (TCSC), Platform Comp, Mellanox, RGM Advisors, LLC, Data Direct, AMD, HPCwire DE fine-grained; task; GPGPU; multi-GPU; dynamic load balance ID VISUALIZATION AB Using multi-GPU systems, including GPU clusters, is gaining popularity in scientific computing. However, when using multiple GPUs concurrently, the conventional data parallel GPU programming paradigms, e. g., CUDA, cannot satisfactorily address certain issues, such as load balancing, GPU resource utilization, overlapping fine-grained computation with communication, etc. In this paper, we present a fine-grained task-based execution framework for multi-GPU systems. By scheduling finer-grained tasks than what is supported in the conventional CUDA programming method among multiple GPUs, and allowing concurrent task execution on a single GPU, our framework provides means for solving the above issues and efficiently utilizing multi-GPU systems. Experiments with a molecular dynamics application show that, for non-uniform distributed workload, the solutions based on our framework achieve good load balance, and considerable performance improvement over other solutions based on the standard CUDA programming methodologies. C1 [Chen, Long] Qualcomm Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Villa, Oreste] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Gao, Guang R.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Chen, L (reprint author), Qualcomm Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM longchen@qualcomm.com; oreste.villa@pnl.gov; ggao@capsl.udel.edu RI Chen, Long/F-6578-2011 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1552-5244 BN 978-0-7695-4516-5 J9 IEEE INT C CL COMP PY 2011 BP 386 EP 394 DI 10.1109/CLUSTER.2011.50 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BYG36 UT WOS:000298564900043 ER PT S AU Bosilca, G Bouteiller, A Herault, T Lemarinier, P Saengpatsa, NO Tomov, S Dongarra, JJ AF Bosilca, George Bouteiller, Aurelien Herault, Thomas Lemarinier, Pierre Saengpatsa, Narapat Ohm Tomov, Stanimire Dongarra, Jack J. GP IEEE TI Performance Portability of a GPU Enabled Factorization with the DAGuE Framework SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING (CLUSTER) SE IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER) CY SEP 26-30, 2011 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Intel, Dell, SGI, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp (TCSC), Platform Comp, Mellanox, RGM Advisors, LLC, Data Direct, AMD, HPCwire DE cluster; GPU; linear algebra; DAG scheduling AB Performance portability is a major challenge faced today by developers on heterogeneous high performance computers, consisting of an interconnect, memory with non-uniform access, many-cores and accelerators like GPUs. Recent studies have successfully demonstrated that dense linear algebra operations can be efficiently handled by runtime systems using a DAG representation. In this work, we present the GPU subsystem of the DAGuE runtime, and assess, on the Cholesky factorization test case, the minimal efforts required by a programmer to enable GPU acceleration in the DAGuE framework. The performance achieved by this unchanged code, on a variety of heterogeneous and distributed many cores and GPU resources, demonstrates the desired performance portability. C1 [Bosilca, George; Bouteiller, Aurelien; Herault, Thomas; Saengpatsa, Narapat Ohm; Tomov, Stanimire; Dongarra, Jack J.] Univ Tennessee, Innovat Comp Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dongarra, Jack J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Lemarinier, Pierre] Univ Rennes 1, IRISA, Rennes, France. RP Bosilca, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Innovat Comp Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM bosilca@eecs.utk.edu; bouteill@eecs.utk.edu; herault@eecs.utk.edu; lemarini@eecs.utk.edu; saengpat@eecs.utk.edu; tomov@eecs.utk.edu; dongarra@eecs.utk.edu RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1552-5244 BN 978-0-7695-4516-5 J9 IEEE INT C CL COMP PY 2011 BP 395 EP 402 DI 10.1109/CLUSTER.2011.51 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BYG36 UT WOS:000298564900044 ER PT S AU Spafford, KL Meredith, JS Vetter, JS AF Spafford, Kyle L. Meredith, Jeremy S. Vetter, Jeffrey S. GP IEEE TI Quartile and Outlier Detection on Heterogeneous Clusters using Distributed Radix Sort SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING (CLUSTER) SE IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER) CY SEP 26-30, 2011 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Intel, Dell, SGI, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp, Platform Comp, Mellanox, RGM Advisors, LLC, Data Direct, AMD, HPCwire DE sorting; GPUs; performance analysis AB In the past few years, performance improvements in CPUs and memory technologies have outpaced those of storage systems. When extrapolated to the exascale, this trend places strict limits on the amount of data that can be written to disk for full analysis, resulting in an increased reliance on characterizing in-memory data. Many of these characterizations are simple, but require sorted data. This paper explores an example of this type of characterization-the identification of quartiles and statistical outliers-and presents a performance analysis of a distributed heterogeneous radix sort as well as an assessment of current architectural bottlenecks. C1 [Spafford, Kyle L.; Meredith, Jeremy S.; Vetter, Jeffrey S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Future Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Spafford, KL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Future Technol Grp, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM spaffordkl@ornl.gov; jsmeredith@ornl.gov; vetter@ornl.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1552-5244 BN 978-0-7695-4516-5 J9 IEEE INT C CL COMP PY 2011 BP 412 EP 419 DI 10.1109/CLUSTER.2011.53 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BYG36 UT WOS:000298564900046 ER PT S AU Welton, B Kimpe, D Cope, J Patrick, CM Iskra, K Ross, R AF Welton, Benjamin Kimpe, Dries Cope, Jason Patrick, Christina M. Iskra, Kamil Ross, Robert GP IEEE TI Improving I/O Forwarding Throughput with Data Compression SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING (CLUSTER) SE IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER) CY SEP 26-30, 2011 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Intel, Dell, SGI, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp (TCSC), Platform Comp, Mellanox, RGM Advisors, LLC, Data Direct, AMD, HPCwire DE I/O Forwarding; Scientific Data Compression ID STANDARD AB While network bandwidth is steadily increasing, it is doing so at a much slower rate than the corresponding increase in CPU performance. This trend has widened the gap between CPU and network speed. In this paper, we investigate improvements to I/O performance by exploiting this gap. We harness idle CPU resources to compress network traffic, reducing the amount of data transferred over the network and increasing effective network bandwidth. We created a set of compression services within the I/O Forwarding Scalability Layer. These services transparently compress and decompress data as it is transferred over the network. We studied the effect of the compression services on a variety of data sets and conducted experiments on a high-performance computing cluster. C1 [Welton, Benjamin; Cope, Jason; Iskra, Kamil; Ross, Robert] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kimpe, Dries] Univ Chicago, Commun Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Patrick, Christina M.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Welton, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM welton@mcs.anl.gov; dries@uchicago.edu; copej@mcs.anl.gov; patrick@cse.psu.edu; iskra@mcs.anl.gov; rross@mcs.anl.gov FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computer Research; Office of Science, U.S. Dept. of 443 Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; DOE Office of Science and National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) FX This work was supported by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computer Research, Office of Science, U.S. Dept. of 443 Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The IOFSL project is supported by the DOE Office of Science and National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). We gratefully acknowledge the computing resources provided on Fusion, a 320-node computing cluster operated by the Laboratory Computing Resource Center at Argonne National Laboratory. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1552-5244 BN 978-0-7695-4516-5 J9 IEEE INT C CL COMP PY 2011 BP 438 EP 445 DI 10.1109/CLUSTER.2011.80 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BYG36 UT WOS:000298564900049 ER PT S AU Dai, WW AF Dai, William W. GP IEEE TI Application I/O and Data Management SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING (CLUSTER) SE IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER) CY SEP 26-30, 2011 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Intel, Dell, SGI, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp, Platform Comp, Mellanox, RGM Advisors, LLC, Data Direct, AMD, HPCwire DE IO; data structure; data management; high performance AB A library called HIO has been developed for large-scale multi-physics simulations, based on the UDM library [10]. The goal of the library is to provide sustainable, interoperable, efficient, scalable, and convenient tools for parallel IO and data management for high-level data structures in applications, and to provide tools for the connection between applications. The high-level data structures include one-and multi-dimensional arrays, structured meshes, unstructured meshes, and the meshes generated through adaptive mesh refinement. The IO mechanism can be collective and non-collective. The data objects suitable for the library could be either large or small data sets. Even for small data sets, the IO performance is close to one of MPI-IO performance. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Dai, WW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM dai@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1552-5244 BN 978-0-7695-4516-5 J9 IEEE INT C CL COMP PY 2011 BP 446 EP 454 DI 10.1109/CLUSTER.2011.84 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BYG36 UT WOS:000298564900050 ER PT S AU Chou, JR Wu, KS Prabhat AF Chou, Jerry Wu, Kesheng Prabhat GP IEEE TI FastQuery: A Parallel Indexing System for Scientific Data SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING (CLUSTER) SE IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER) CY SEP 26-30, 2011 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Intel, Dell, SGI, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp (TCSC), Platform Comp, Mellanox, RGM Advisors, LLC, Data Direct, AMD, HPCwire AB Modern scientific datasets present numerous data management and analysis challenges. State-of-the-art index and query technologies such as FastBit can significantly improve accesses to these datasets by augmenting the user data with indexes and other secondary information. However, a challenge is that the indexes assume the relational data model but the scientific data generally follows the array data model. To match the two data models, we design a generic mapping mechanism and implement an efficient input and output interface for reading and writing the data and their corresponding indexes. To take advantage of the emerging many-core architectures, we also develop a parallel strategy for indexing using threading technology. This approach complements our on-going MPI-based parallelization efforts. We demonstrate the flexibility of our software by applying it to two of the most commonly used scientific data formats, HDF5 and NetCDF. We present two case studies using data from a particle accelerator model and a global climate model. We also conducted a detailed performance study using these scientific datasets. The results show that FastQuery speeds up the query time by a factor of 2.5x to 50x, and it reduces the indexing time by a factor of 16 on 24 cores. C1 [Chou, Jerry; Wu, Kesheng; Prabhat] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Chou, JR (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. EM jchou@lbl.gov; kwu@lbl.gov; prabhat@lbl.gov NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1552-5244 BN 978-0-7695-4516-5 J9 IEEE INT C CL COMP PY 2011 BP 455 EP 464 DI 10.1109/CLUSTER.2011.86 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BYG36 UT WOS:000298564900051 ER PT S AU Fu, J Min, MS Latham, R Carothers, CD AF Fu, Jing Min, Misun Latham, Robert Carothers, Christopher D. GP IEEE TI Parallel I/O Performance for Application-Level Checkpointing on the Blue Gene/P System SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING (CLUSTER) SE IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER) CY SEP 26-30, 2011 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Intel, Dell, SGI, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp (TCSC), Platform Comp, Mellanox, RGM Advisors, LLC, Data Direct, AMD, HPCwire DE Parallel I/O; checkpointing; fault tolerance; Blue Gene/P AB As the number of processors increases to hundreds of thousands in parallel computer architectures, the failure probability rises correspondingly, making fault tolerance a highly important and challenging task. Application-level checkpointing is one of the most popular techniques to proactively deal with unexpected failures because of its portability and flexibility. During the checkpoint phase, the local states of the computation spread across thousands of processors are saved to stable storage. Unfortunately, this approach results in heavy I/O load and can cause an I/O bottleneck in a massively parallel system. In this paper, we examine application-level checkpointing for a massively parallel electromagnetic solver system called NekCEM on the IBM Blue Gene/P at Argonne National Laboratory. We discuss an application-level, two-phase I/O approach, called "reduced-blocking I/O" (rbIO), and a tuned MPI-IO collective approach (coIO), and we demonstrate their performance advantage over the "1 POSIX file per processor" approach. Our study shows that rbIO and coIO result in 100x improvement over previous checkpointing approaches on up to 65,536 processors of the Blue Gene/P using the GPFS. Our study also demonstrates a 25x production performance improvement for NekCEM. We show how to optimize parameter settings for those parallel I/O approaches and to verify results by I/O profilings. In particular, we examine the performance advantage of rbIO and demonstrate the potential benefits of this approach over the traditional MPI-IO routine, coIO. C1 [Fu, Jing; Carothers, Christopher D.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Comp Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Min, Misun; Latham, Robert] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fu, J (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Comp Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM fuj@cs.rpi.edu; mmin@mcs.anl.gov; robl@mcs.anl.gov; chrisc@cs.rpi.edu OI Latham, Rob/0000-0002-5285-6375 FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSF PetaApps Program [OCI-0749152] FX This work was supported by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357, while Jing Fu worked as a Givens Associate at the Mathematics and Computer Science Division at Argonne National Laboratory. Christopher Carothers was supported by the NSF PetaApps Program, OCI-0749152. Additionally, the authors acknowledge the INCITE allocations from the Nek5000 project led by Paul Fischer, as well as the computing resources and staff efforts provided by the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1552-5244 BN 978-0-7695-4516-5 J9 IEEE INT C CL COMP PY 2011 BP 465 EP 473 DI 10.1109/CLUSTER.2011.81 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BYG36 UT WOS:000298564900052 ER PT S AU Hursey, J Squyres, JM Dontje, T AF Hursey, Joshua Squyres, Jeffrey M. Dontje, Terry GP IEEE TI Locality-Aware Parallel Process Mapping for Multi-Core HPC Systems SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING (CLUSTER) SE IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER) CY SEP 26-30, 2011 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Intel, Dell, SGI, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp, Platform Comp, Mellanox, RGM Advisors, LLC, Data Direct, AMD, HPCwire DE Process Affinity; Locality; NUMA; MPI; Resource Management AB High Performance Computing (HPC) systems are composed of servers containing an ever-increasing number of cores. With such high processor core counts, non-uniform memory access (NUMA) architectures are almost universally used to reduce inter-processor and memory communication bottlenecks by distributing processors and memory throughout a server-internal networking topology. Application studies have shown that the tuning of processes placement in a server's NUMA networking topology to the application can have a dramatic impact on performance. The performance implications are magnified when running a parallel job across multiple server nodes, especially with large scale HPC applications. This paper presents the Locality-Aware Mapping Algorithm (LAMA) for distributing the individual processes of a parallel application across processing resources in an HPC system, paying particular attention to the internal server NUMA topologies. The algorithm is able to support both homogeneous and heterogeneous hardware systems, and dynamically adapts to the available hardware and user-specified process layout at run-time. As implemented in Open MPI, the LAMA provides 362,880 mapping permutations and is able to naturally scale out to additional hardware resources as they become available in future architectures. C1 [Hursey, Joshua; Squyres, Jeffrey M.; Dontje, Terry] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hursey, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hurseyjj@ornl.gov; jsquyres@cisco.com; terry.dontje@oracle.com NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1552-5244 BN 978-0-7695-4516-5 J9 IEEE INT C CL COMP PY 2011 BP 527 EP 531 DI 10.1109/CLUSTER.2011.59 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BYG36 UT WOS:000298564900061 ER PT S AU Zhou, Z Tang, W Lan, ZL Zheng, ZM Desai, N AF Zhou, Zhou Tang, Wei Lan, Zhiling Zheng, Ziming Desai, Narayan GP IEEE TI Evaluating Performance Impacts of Delayed Failure Repairing on Large-scale Systems SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING (CLUSTER) SE IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER) CY SEP 26-30, 2011 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Intel, Dell, SGI, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp (TCSC), Platform Comp, Mellanox, RGM Advisors, LLC, Data Direct, AMD, HPCwire DE performance impact; resource management; delayed failure repairing AB With the fast improvement in technology, we are now moving toward exascale computing. Many experts predict that exascale computers will have millions of nodes, billions of threads of execution, hundreds of petabytes of inner memory and exabytes of persistent storage. For systems of such a scale, frequent failures are becoming a serious concern. One of the most important reasons is that in a large-scale system it is hard to detect failures. As a result, failure repair may take substantial time. In this paper, we investigate the effect of delayed repairing on two popular types of high-performance computing systems: IBM Blue Gene/P and general cluster. We analyze how delayed failure repairing will affect the performance of jobs when some computing units are at fault but not fixed in time. Our study is based on real workload traces and RAS logs collected from production supercomputing systems. Our Trace-based simulations indicate that fast failure detection and recovery is essential for moving towards petascale and beyond computing. C1 [Zhou, Zhou; Tang, Wei; Lan, Zhiling; Zheng, Ziming] IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Desai, Narayan] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhou, Z (reprint author), IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. FU National Science Foundation [CNS-0834514, CNS-0720549]; DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work is supported in part by National Science Foundation grants CNS-0834514 and CNS-0720549. The work at Argonne National Laboratory is supported by DOE Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1552-5244 BN 978-0-7695-4516-5 J9 IEEE INT C CL COMP PY 2011 BP 532 EP 536 DI 10.1109/CLUSTER.2011.71 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BYG36 UT WOS:000298564900062 ER PT S AU Yin, J Agarwal, K Krishnan, M Chavarria-Miranda, D Gorton, I Epperly, T AF Yin, Jian Agarwal, Khushbu Krishnan, Manoj Chavarria-Miranda, Daniel Gorton, Ian Epperly, Tom GP IEEE TI Implementing High Performance Remote Method Invocation in CCA SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING (CLUSTER) SE IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER) CY SEP 26-30, 2011 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Intel, Dell, SGI, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp (TCSC), Platform Comp, Mellanox, RGM Advisors, LLC, Data Direct, AMD, HPCwire AB We report our effort in engineering a high performance remote method invocation (RMI) mechanism for the Common Component Architecture (CCA). This mechanism provides a highly efficient and easy-to-use mechanism for distributed computing in CCA, enabling CCA applications to effectively leverage parallel systems to accelerate computations. This work is built on the previous work of Babel RMI. Babel is a high performance language interoperability tool that is used in CCA for scientific application writers to share, reuse, and compose applications from software components written in different programming languages. Babel provides a transparent and flexible RMI framework for distributed computing. However, the existing Babel RMI implementation is built on top of TCP and does not provide the level of performance required to distribute fine-grained tasks. We observed that the main reason the TCP based RMI does not perform well is because it does not utilize the high performance interconnect hardware on a cluster efficiently. We have implemented a high performance RMI protocol, HPCRMI. HPCRMI achieves low latency by building on top of a low-level portable communication library, Aggregated Remote Message Copy Interface (ARMCI), and minimizing communication for each RMI call. Our design allows a RMI operation to be completed by only two RDMA operations. We also aggressively optimize our system to reduce copying. In this paper, we discuss the design and our experimental evaluation of this protocol. Our experimental results show that our protocol can improve RMI performance by an order of magnitude. C1 [Yin, Jian; Agarwal, Khushbu; Krishnan, Manoj; Chavarria-Miranda, Daniel; Gorton, Ian] Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Epperly, Tom] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Yin, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jian.yin@pnnl.gov; khushbu.agarwal@pnnl.gov; manoj@pnnl.gov; daniel.chavarria@pnnl.gov; ian.gorton@pnnl.gov; epperly2@llnl.gov FU SciDAC Center for Technology for Advanced Scientific Component Software (TASCS) FX This work is supported by the SciDAC Center for Technology for Advanced Scientific Component Software (TASCS). NR 10 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1552-5244 BN 978-0-7695-4516-5 J9 IEEE INT C CL COMP PY 2011 BP 547 EP 551 DI 10.1109/CLUSTER.2011.78 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BYG36 UT WOS:000298564900065 ER PT S AU Gebraad, PMO van Wingerden, JW Fleming, PA Wright, AD AF Gebraad, Pieter M. O. van Wingerden, Jan-Willem Fleming, Paul A. Wright, Alan D. GP IEEE TI LPV subspace identification of the edgewise vibrational dynamics of a wind turbine rotor SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS (CCA) SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA) CY SEP 28-30, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Control Syst Soc ID CONSISTENCY ANALYSIS; SYSTEMS AB In this paper we apply a state-of-the-art algorithm for subspace identification of linear parameter-varying (LPV) systems to identify the coupled dynamics of the drive-train and the edgewise bending motion of the rotor blades of three-bladed wind turbines. These dynamics are varying with the rotor speed. The identification algorithm uses a factorization which makes it possible to form predictors based on past inputs, outputs, and the known rotor speed. The predictors contain the LPV equivalent of the Markov parameters. Using the predictors, ideas from Predictor Based Subspace IDentification (PBSID) were developed to estimate the state sequence from which the LPV system matrices can be constructed. The algorithm was applied not only to synthetic data generated by a computer simulation of a reference wind turbine, but also to data measured from the CART3 research wind turbine at the National Wind Technology Center of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). This paper demonstrates that the linear time-varying behavior of the aeroelastic dynamics of the wind turbine rotor can be captured in an LPV model identified with measured input-output data. C1 [Gebraad, Pieter M. O.; van Wingerden, Jan-Willem] Delft Univ Technol, Delft Ctr Syst & Control, Mekelweg 2, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands. [Fleming, Paul A.; Wright, Alan D.] Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gebraad, PMO (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Delft Ctr Syst & Control, Mekelweg 2, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands. EM P.M.O.Gebraad@tudelft.nl; J.W.vanWingerden@tudelft.nl RI van Wingerden, Jan-Willem/C-2761-2013; OI Fleming, Paul/0000-0001-8249-2544 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-1992 BN 978-1-4577-1063-6 J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR PY 2011 BP 37 EP 42 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BXV14 UT WOS:000297216500001 ER PT S AU Robinett, RD Wilson, DG AF Robinett, Rush D., III Wilson, David G. GP IEEE TI Nonlinear Power Flow Control Design for Combined Conventional and Variable Generation Systems: Part I-Theory SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS (CCA) SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA) CY SEP 28-30, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Control Syst Soc AB The swing equations for conventional and renewable generators connected to the electric power grid and microgrids are developed. Simple diesel and wind turbine generators with Unified Power Flow Control (UPFC) are used as an example. The swing equations for a renewable generator and conventional generators in an islanded microgrid are formulated as a natural Hamiltonian system with externally applied non-conservative forces. A two-step process referred to as Hamiltonian Surface Shaping and Power Flow Control (HSSPFC) is used to analyze and design feedback controllers for the renewable generator and islanded microgrid systems. This paper presents the analysis and design of nonlinear controller examples that include a two-machine infinite bus system with UPFC's in an islanded microgrid and applied to simplified diesel and wind turbine generators connected to the grid. The needed power and energy storage/charging responses are also determined. Necessary and sufficient conditions for stability of renewable generators systems are determined based on the concepts of Hamiltonian systems, power flow, exergy (the maximum work that can be extracted from an energy flow) rate, and entropy rate. C1 [Robinett, Rush D., III; Wilson, David G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Technol & Syst Solut Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Robinett, RD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Technol & Syst Solut Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-1992 BN 978-1-4577-1063-6 J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR PY 2011 BP 61 EP 64 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BXV14 UT WOS:000297216500005 ER PT S AU Heath, M Parker, G Wilson, DG Robinett, RD AF Heath, Matthew Parker, Gordon Wilson, David G. Robinett, Rush D., III GP IEEE TI Power Optimal Capacitor Charging to Illustrate a Method for Identifying Microgrid Renewable Source Characteristics SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS (CCA) SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA) CY SEP 28-30, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Control Syst Soc AB Developing requirements for renewable power sources that are able to meet specified load needs is the motivation for this work. The approach used here is to formulate energy storage as an optimal control problem. Alternative objective functions are applied to a tutorial LC circuit yielding insight into the relationship between the supply characteristics and the rate of storage. Given a specified storage target and time, several objective functions are considered. These are used to form a spectrum of voltage source time histories that minimize the objective functions while achieving the storage target. Although the system being considered is linear, the complexity of the solutions arises due to the nonlinearity of the objective functions employed. The resulting source characteristics provide insight into desirable renewable source characteristics. More importantly, this work describes a methodology for addressing more complex renewable integration designs using an optimal control approach. C1 [Heath, Matthew; Parker, Gordon] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Wilson, David G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Water Power Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Robinett, Rush D., III] Sandia Natl Labs, Operat Energy Secur Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Heath, M (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM mjheath@mtu.edu; ggparker@mtu.edu; dwilso@sandia.gov; rdrobin@sandia.gov FU Mechanical Engineering at Michigan Technological University; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported in part by the John and Cathi Drake Professorship of Mechanical Engineering at Michigan Technological University.; Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-1992 BN 978-1-4577-1063-6 J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR PY 2011 BP 272 EP 275 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BXV14 UT WOS:000297216500028 ER PT S AU Heath, M Parker, G Wilson, DG Robinett, RD AF Heath, Matthew Parker, Gordon Wilson, David G. Robinett, Rush D., III GP IEEE TI Closed Loop Optimal Load Control with Application to Microgrid Load Design SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS (CCA) SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA) CY SEP 28-30, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Control Syst Soc AB Microgrids are envisioned to contain several interconnected sources supplying power to multiple loads. While many technologies may be used for generation, such as fossil fuels or renewables, there will likely be some amount of storage capacity. Efficient use of the stored energy is the motivation for this work. This paper focuses on developing closed loop control laws that define optimal load forms. Optimal will be defined as a combination of energy dissipation rate and power flow. In general, the control laws are nonlinear and thus the optimal load forms are nonlinear functions of the states of the network. A tutorial LC circuit is used to illustrate the method for developing the optimal load that efficiently uses the available stored energy. C1 [Heath, Matthew; Parker, Gordon] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Wilson, David G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Water Power Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Robinett, Rush D., III] Sandia Natl Labs, Operat Energy Secur Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Heath, M (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM mjheath@mtu.edu; ggparker@mtu.edu; dwilso@sandia.gov; rdrobin@sandia.gov FU John and Cathi Drake Professorship of Mechanical Engineering at Michigan Technological University FX This work was supported in part by the John and Cathi Drake Professorship of Mechanical Engineering at Michigan Technological University. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-1992 BN 978-1-4577-1063-6 J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR PY 2011 BP 877 EP 880 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BXV14 UT WOS:000297216500095 ER PT S AU Wilson, DG Robinett, RD AF Wilson, David G. Robinett, Rush D., III GP IEEE TI Transient Stability and Performance Based on Nonlinear Power Flow Control Design of Renewable Energy Systems SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS (CCA) SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA) CY SEP 28-30, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Control Syst Soc ID WIND TURBINES AB In this paper, the swing equations for renewable generators are formulated as a natural Hamiltonian system with externally applied non-conservative forces. A two-step process referred to as Hamiltonian Surface Shaping and Power Flow Control (HSSPFC) is used to analyze and design feedback controllers for the renewable generator system. The results of this research include the determination of the required performance of a proposed Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS)/storage device, such as a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), to enable the maximum power output of a wind turbine while meeting the power system constraints on frequency and phase. The UPFC is required to operate as both a generator and load (energy storage) on the power system in this design. Necessary and sufficient conditions for stability of renewable generator systems are determined based on the concepts of Hamiltonian systems, power flow, exergy (the maximum work that can be extracted from an energy flow) rate, and entropy rate. An illustrative example demonstrates this HSSPFC methodology. It includes a 600 kW wind turbine, variable speed variable pitch configuration. The wind turbine is operated with a turbulent wind profile for below-rated wind power conditions. The wind turbine is connected in series through a UPFC to the infinite bus. Numerical simulation cases are reviewed that best demonstrate the stability and performance of HSSPFC as applied to a renewable energy system. C1 [Wilson, David G.; Robinett, Rush D., III] Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Technol & Syst Solut Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wilson, DG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Technol & Syst Solut Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-1992 BN 978-1-4577-1063-6 J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR PY 2011 BP 881 EP 886 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BXV14 UT WOS:000297216500096 ER PT S AU Kwon, S Castellano, L Prokop, M Torrez, P Scheinker, A AF Kwon, Sungil Castellano, L. Prokop, M. Torrez, P. Scheinker, A. GP IEEE TI FPGA IMPLEMENTATION OF A PROTOTYPE PI FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THE LANSCE ACCELERATOR SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS (CCA) SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA) CY SEP 28-30, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Control Syst Soc AB The current LANSCE LLRF system is an analog PI Feedback control system which achieves amplitude and phase error of 1% and 1 degree respectively. The feedback system receives cavity amplitude and phase, crosstalk between the amplitude and phase paths is significant. We propose an In-phase (I) and Quadrature (Q) based feedback control system which easily decouples the crosstalk of the I and Q channels. A PI feedback controller is implemented with an Altera Stratix III FPGA. The control system is modeled with DSP Builder which automatically generates HDL. Altera SOPC Builder is used for the hardware integration of the DSP Builder model, memories, peripherals, and 32 bit NIOS II embedded processor. The NIOS II processor communicates with the host computer via Ethernet, uploads data, computes parameters, and downloads parameters. The network support of the design makes it possible to set and tune the control system parameters on-line and to conduct the calibration of the whole RF system easily. The proposed control system is successfully tested with a LANSCE sided-coupled linear accelerator at 720kw. C1 [Kwon, Sungil; Castellano, L.; Prokop, M.; Torrez, P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Accelerator Operat & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Scheinker, A.] Univ Calif, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, San Diego, CA USA. RP Kwon, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Accelerator Operat & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM skwon@lanl.gov FU United States Department of Energy; National Nuclear Security Agency [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work is Work Supported by the United States Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Agency, under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-1992 BN 978-1-4577-1063-6 J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR PY 2011 BP 1178 EP 1183 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BXV14 UT WOS:000297216500132 ER PT J AU Li, AP Kim, TH Zhang, XG Nicholson, DM Evans, BM Kulkarni, NS Kenik, EA Meyer, HM Radhakrishnan, B AF Li, An-Ping Kim, Tae-Hwan Zhang, X. -G. Nicholson, Don M. Evans, B. M. Kulkarni, N. S. Kenik, E. A. Meyer, H. M. Radhakrishnan, B. GP IEEE TI Direct Measurement of Grain Boundary Resistance in Copper Nanowires SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE AND MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED METALLIZATION (IITC/MAM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on IEEE International Interconnect Technology Conference / 20th European Workshop on Materials for Advanced Metallization (IITC/MAM) CY MAY 08-12, 2011 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, GlobalFoundries, Appl Mat, Inc, ASMI, Air Prod, BASF, Dupont, EKC Technol, SAFC HiTech, Tokyo Electron Europe, Tokyo Electron U S Holdings, Tosoh SMD, Inc, Air Liquide, Cabot CMP, Dow Chemical, IMEC, Metryx, Novellus, SVTC Technologies ID CONDUCTIVITY; RESISTIVITY; FILMS AB As interconnect dimensions decrease, the resistivity of copper increases dramatically because of electron scattering from surfaces, impurities, and grain boundaries (GBs), and threatens to stymie continued device scaling. Here we directly measure individual GB resistances in copper nanowires with a one-to-one correspondence to the GB structure. The resistance of high symmetry coincidence GBs is then calculated using a first-principle method. GB resistance is found to differ by orders of magnitude between different types of GB, with random GBs showing an intrinsically higher resistance compared to coincidence GBs. C1 [Li, An-Ping; Kim, Tae-Hwan; Zhang, X. -G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, X. -G.; Nicholson, Don M.; Radhakrishnan, B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Evans, B. M.; Kulkarni, N. S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurment Sci & Syst Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kenik, E. A.; Meyer, H. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, AP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Li, An-Ping/B-3191-2012 OI Li, An-Ping/0000-0003-4400-7493 FU Scientific User Facilities Division; U.S. Department of Energy; Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering (D.M.N.); U.S. DOE FX Research was performed at CNMS (A.-P.L., T.-H.K., X.-G.Z.) and SHaRE (E.A.K., and H.M.M.) at ORNL, which are sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, U.S. Department of Energy. This work was also partially sponsored by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering (D.M.N.), U.S. DOE. We thank Drs. Boyan Boyanov and C. Michael Garner at Intel Corporation for providing the electroplated Cu wafers and for stimulating discussions. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-0502-1 PY 2011 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYL78 UT WOS:000299283100032 ER PT S AU Johnson, WA Warne, LK Basilio, LI Langston, WL Sinclair, MB AF Johnson, W. A. Warne, L. K. Basilio, L. I. Langston, W. L. Sinclair, M. B. GP IEEE TI Subcell Models with Application to Split-Ring Resonators in the Infrared SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 03-08, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI DE metamaterials; split-ring resonators; dynamic thin-wire subcell-models; electro-static; capacitance calculations AB Simplified wire-type models for split-ring resonators (SRRs), both in free-space and above a dielectric half-space, are developed. The gap of the SRR in the wire model is accurately represented by including a lumped load which is the difference between the actual gap fringe capacitance and the capacitance inherent in the code wire kernel for a delta gap voltage source. The SRR arms are represented by generalized thin wires that have both an electric equivalent radius (for the rectangular conductor resting on a dielectric substrate) and a magnetic equivalent radius (for a rectangular conductor in free space, since the substrate is assumed to be nonmagnetic). In addition, an impedance per unit length (due to finite penetration of the fields into the metal) enters a local transmission line part of the generalized thin-wire algorithm. The results from the thin-wire subcell model are compared to full wave simulations of the arrays of SRR's. The full wave simulations require tens of thousands of unknowns to resolve the field penetration into the finite conductors for a single SRR, whereas the thin-wire model has good accuracy with only tens of unknowns. C1 [Johnson, W. A.; Warne, L. K.; Basilio, L. I.; Langston, W. L.; Sinclair, M. B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Johnson, WA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-9561-0 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2011 BP 342 EP 345 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXV72 UT WOS:000297298500091 ER PT S AU Adams, JJ Duoss, EB Malkowski, TF Lewis, JA Bernhard, JT AF Adams, Jacob J. Duoss, Eric B. Malkowski, Thomas F. Lewis, Jennifer A. Bernhard, Jennifer T. GP IEEE TI Design of Spherical Meanderline Antennas SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 03-08, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI ID DIPOLE ANTENNAS; RADIATION Q; BOUNDS; LIMITS AB We present a new study of an electrically small spherical antenna with Q approaching the lower bound. The structure is a natural successor to earlier work by some of the present authors [1] and is designed to excite the TM10 spherical mode for minimum Q. This new topology consists of meanderline arms entirely conformal to a spherical surface, facilitated by a precise conformal printing technique. Measurements of some antenna prototypes are presented in [2] but without a complete discussion of the electromagnetic design considerations. Here, we discuss details of the design parameters, material choices and a technique for mitigating the excitation of higher order modes which disrupt the impedance behavior of the structure. The presentation will include measured results of antennas at several different electrical sizes printed on both the concave and convex surface of a hemisphere. C1 [Adams, Jacob J.; Bernhard, Jennifer T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Duoss, Eric B.; Malkowski, Thomas F.; Lewis, Jennifer A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Duoss, EB (reprint author), Ctr Micro & Nano Technol, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jjadams@illinois.edu; jbernhar@illinois.edu RI Adams, Jacob/F-8321-2016; OI Adams, Jacob/0000-0002-4253-9237; Bernhard, Jennifer/0000-0002-0929-387X FU ARO DURIP [DAAD 19-03-1-0112]; NSF [CNS 04-23431]; US Department of Energy (DOE); Division of Materials Sciences through the Materials Research Laboratory (MRL) [DE-FG02-07ER46471]; University of Illinois; DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46471, DE-FG02-07ER46453]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship FX The electromagnetic measurements were carried out at the Electromagnetics Laboratory using equipment supported through ARO DURIP grant DAAD 19-03-1-0112 and NSF CNS 04-23431. The Duroid R substrates were provided by Rogers Corporation. This research was supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Division of Materials Sciences, under award DE-FG02-07ER46471, through the Materials Research Laboratory (MRL). The materials characterization facilities were provided through the MRL with support from the University of Illinois and from DOE grants DE-FG02-07ER46453 and DE-FG02-07ER46471. Dr. Adams was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-9561-0 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2011 BP 765 EP 768 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXV72 UT WOS:000297298500198 ER PT S AU Basilio, LI Warne, LK Langston, WL Johnson, WA Sinclair, MB AF Basilio, L. I. Warne, L. K. Langston, W. L. Johnson, W. A. Sinclair, M. B. GP IEEE TI A negative-index metamaterial design based on metal-core, dielectric shell resonators SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 03-08, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI DE metamaterials; negative index; core-shell; effective media AB In this paper a simple effective-media analysis (including higher-order multipoles) is used to design a single-resonator, negative-index design based on a metal-core, dielectric-shell (MCDS) unit cell. In addition to comparing the performance of the MCDS design to other core-shell negative-index designs, performance trade-offs resulting from the relative positioning of the electric and magnetic modal resonances in the MCDS design are also discussed. C1 [Basilio, L. I.; Warne, L. K.; Langston, W. L.; Johnson, W. A.; Sinclair, M. B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Basilio, LI (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-9561-0 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2011 BP 1502 EP 1505 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXV72 UT WOS:000297298501163 ER PT S AU Valdes, F Ghaffari-Miab, M Andriulli, FP Cools, K Kotulski, JD Michielssen, E AF Valdes, Felipe Ghaffari-Miab, Mohsen Andriulli, Francesco P. Cools, Kristof Kotulski, Joseph D. Michielssen, Eric GP IEEE TI High-Order Calderon Multiplicative Preconditioner for Time Domain Electric Field Integral Equations SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI)/USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 03-08, 2011 CL Spokane, WA SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), USNC, URSI C1 [Valdes, Felipe; Ghaffari-Miab, Mohsen; Michielssen, Eric] Univ Michigan, Radiat Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Andriulli, Francesco P.] TELECOM Bretagne, Microwave Dept, Plouzane, France. [Cools, Kristof] Univ Ghent, Dept Informat Technol INTEC, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Kotulski, Joseph D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Valdes, F (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Radiat Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Andriulli, Francesco/A-1225-2007 OI Andriulli, Francesco/0000-0001-8359-7348 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4244-9561-0 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2011 BP 2362 EP 2362 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXV72 UT WOS:000297298502149 ER PT S AU Deaton, JD Irwin, RE DaSilva, LA AF Deaton, Juan D. Irwin, Ryan E. DaSilva, Luiz A. GP IEEE TI The Effects of a Dynamic Spectrum Access Overlay in LTE-Advanced Networks SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DYNAMIC SPECTRUM ACCESS NETWORKS (DYSPAN) SE IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (IEEE DySPAN) CY MAY 03-06, 2011 CL Aachen, GERMANY SP IEEE ID MODEL AB As early as 2014, wireless network operators' spectral capacity will be overwhelmed by the demand brought on by new devices and applications. To augment capacity and meet this demand, operators may choose to deploy a Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) overlay. The signaling and functionality required by such an overlay have not yet been fully considered in the architecture of the planned Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE+) networks. This paper presents a Spectrum Accountability framework to be integrated into LTE+ architectures, defining specific element functionality, protocol interfaces, and signaling flow diagrams required to enforce the rights and responsibilities of primary and secondary users. We also quantify, through simulation, the benefits of using DSA channels to augment capacity. The framework proposed here may serve as a guide in the development of future LTE+ network standards that account for DSA. C1 [Deaton, Juan D.] Idaho Natl Lab, N&HS Directorate, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. [Deaton, Juan D.; Irwin, Ryan E.; DaSilva, Luiz A.] Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wireless VT, Blacksburg, VA USA. [DaSilva, Luiz A.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, CTVR, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Deaton, JD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, N&HS Directorate, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2334-3125 BN 978-1-4577-0178-8 J9 IEEE INT SYMP DYNAM PY 2011 BP 488 EP 497 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BD3YB UT WOS:000360301900049 ER PT J AU Chertkov, M Stepanov, M AF Chertkov, Michael Stepanov, Mikhail GP IEEE TI Polytope of Correct (Linear Programming) Decoding and Low-Weight Pseudo-Codewords SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION THEORY PROCEEDINGS (ISIT) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2011 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP IEEE ID LDPC CODES; ALGORITHMS AB We analyze Linear Programming (LP) decoding of graphical binary codes operating over soft-output, symmetric and log-concave channels. We show that the error-surface, separating domain of the correct decoding from domain of the erroneous decoding, is a polytope. We formulate the problem of finding the lowest-weight pseudo-codeword as a non-convex optimization (maximization of a convex function) over a polytope, with the cost function defined by the channel and the polytope defined by the structure of the code. This formulation suggests new provably convergent heuristics for finding the lowest weight pseudo-codewords improving in quality upon previously discussed. The algorithm performance is tested on the example of the Tanner [155,64,20] code over the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel. C1 [Chertkov, Michael] LANL, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Stepanov, Mikhail] Univ Kaiserslautern, Dept Math, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. RP Chertkov, M (reprint author), LANL, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chertkov@lanl.gov; stepanov@math.arizona.edu RI Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015 FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; NMC via the NSF collaborative [CCF-0829945]; NSF [DMS-0807592] FX The work of MC at LANL was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. MC acknowledges support of NMC via the NSF collaborative grant CCF-0829945 on Harnessing Statistical Physics for Computing and Communications. The work of MS is supported by NSF grant DMS-0807592 Asymptotic Performance of Error Correcting Codes. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-0595-3 PY 2011 BP 1648 EP 1652 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BXX65 UT WOS:000297465101168 ER PT J AU Kudekar, S Kasai, K AF Kudekar, Shrinivas Kasai, Kenta GP IEEE TI Spatially Coupled Codes over the Multiple Access Channel SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION THEORY PROCEEDINGS (ISIT) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2011 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP IEEE AB We consider spatially coupled code ensembles over a multiple access channel. Convolutional LDPC ensembles are one instance of spatially coupled codes. It was shown recently that, for transmission over the binary erasure channel, this coupling of individual code ensembles has the effect of increasing the belief propagation threshold of the coupled ensembles to the maximum a-posteriori threshold of the underlying ensemble. In this sense, spatially coupled codes were shown to be capacity achieving. It was observed, empirically, that these codes are universal in the sense that they achieve performance close to the Shannon threshold for any general binary-input memoryless symmetric channels. In this work we provide further evidence of the threshold saturation phenomena when transmitting over a class of multiple access channel. We show, by density evolution analysis and EXIT curves, that the belief propagation threshold of the coupled ensembles is very close to the ultimate Shannon limit. C1 [Kudekar, Shrinivas] Los Alamos Natl Lab, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Kasai, Kenta] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Commun & Integrated Syst, Tokyo 1528550, Japan. RP Kudekar, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM skudekar@lanl.gov; kenta@comm.ss.titech.ac.jp FU NMC via the NSF on Harnessing Statistical Physics for Computing and Communications [CCF-0829945] FX SK acknowledges support of NMC via the NSF collaborative grant CCF-0829945 on Harnessing Statistical Physics for Computing and Communications. SK would also like to thank Rudiger Urbanke for his encouragement. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-0595-3 PY 2011 BP 2816 EP 2820 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BXX65 UT WOS:000297465103040 ER PT J AU Kudekar, S Johnson, JK Chertkov, M AF Kudekar, Shrinivas Johnson, Jason K. Chertkov, Misha GP IEEE TI Linear Programming based Detectors for Two-Dimensional Intersymbol Interference Channels SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION THEORY PROCEEDINGS (ISIT) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2011 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP IEEE AB We present and study linear programming based detectors for two-dimensional intersymbol interference channels. Interesting instances of two-dimensional intersymbol interference channels are magnetic storage, optical storage and Wyner's cellular network model. We show that the optimal maximum a posteriori detection in such channels lends itself to a natural linear programming based sub-optimal detector. We call this the Pairwise linear program detector. Our experiments show that the Pairwise linear program detector performs poorly. We then propose two methods to strengthen our detector. These detectors are based on systematically enhancing the Pairwise linear program. The first one, the Block linear program detector adds higher order potential functions in an exhaustive manner, as constraints, to the Pairwise linear program detector. We show by experiments that the Block linear program detector has performance close to the optimal detector. We then develop another detector by adaptively adding frustrated cycles to the Pairwise linear program detector. Empirically, this detector also has performance close to the optimal one and turns out to be less complex then the Block linear program detector. C1 [Kudekar, Shrinivas; Johnson, Jason K.; Chertkov, Misha] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kudekar, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM skudekar@lanl.gov; jasonj@lanl.gov; chertkov@lanl.gov RI Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-0595-3 PY 2011 BP 2999 EP 3003 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BXX65 UT WOS:000297465103077 ER PT J AU Kudekar, S Kasai, K AF Kudekar, Shrinivas Kasai, Kenta GP IEEE TI Threshold Saturation on Channels with Memory via Spatial Coupling SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION THEORY PROCEEDINGS (ISIT) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2011 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP IEEE ID CODES AB We consider spatially coupled code ensembles. A particular instance are convolutional LDPC ensembles. It was recently shown that, for transmission over the memoryless binary erasure channel, this coupling increases the belief propagation threshold of the ensemble to the maximum a-posteriori threshold of the underlying component ensemble. This paved the way for a new class of capacity achieving low-density parity check codes. It was also shown empirically that the same threshold saturation occurs when we consider transmission over general binary input memoryless channels. In this work, we report on empirical evidence which suggests that the same phenomenon also occurs when transmission takes place over a class of channels with memory. This is confirmed both by simulations as well as by computing EXIT curves. C1 [Kudekar, Shrinivas] Los Alamos Natl Lab, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Kasai, Kenta] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Commun & Integrated Syst, Tokyo 1528550, Japan. RP Kudekar, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM skudekar@lanl.gov; kenta@comm.ss.titech.ac.jp FU NMC via NSF [CCF-0829945] FX SK acknowledges support of NMC via the NSF collabo- rative grant CCF-0829945 on Harnessing Statistical Physics for Computing and Communications. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-0595-3 PY 2011 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BXX65 UT WOS:000297465102171 ER PT J AU Meswani, MR Carrington, L Unat, D Snavely, A Baden, S Poole, S AF Meswani, Mitesh R. Carrington, Laura Unat, Didem Snavely, Allan Baden, Scott Poole, Stephen GP IEEE TI Modeling and Predicting Application Performance on Hardware Accelerators SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WORKLOAD CHARACTERIZATION (IISWC) SE International Symposium on Workload Characterization Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization (IISWC) CY NOV 06-08, 2011 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, Hewlett-Packard (HP), AMD, Natl Sci Fdn AB Systems with hardware accelerators speedup applications by offloading certain compute operations that can run faster on accelerators. Thus, it is not surprising that many of top500 supercomputers use accelerators. However, in addition to procurement cost, significant programming and porting effort is required to realize the potential benefit of such accelerators. Hence, before building such a system it is prudent to answer the question 'what is the projected performance benefit from accelerators for workloads of interest?' We address this question by way of a performance-modeling framework, which predicts realizable application performance on accelerators speedily and accurately without going to the considerable effort of porting and tuning. C1 [Meswani, Mitesh R.; Carrington, Laura; Snavely, Allan] San Diego Supercomp Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Unat, Didem; Baden, Scott] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Poole, Stephen] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Meswani, MR (reprint author), San Diego Supercomp Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. EM mitesh.meswani@gmail.com; lcarring@sdsc.edu; dunat@cs.ucsd.edu; allans@sdsc.edu; baden@ucsd.edu; spoole@ornl.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-2064-2 J9 I S WORKL CHAR PROC PY 2011 BP 73 EP 73 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYM53 UT WOS:000299350700007 ER PT J AU Peng, YKM Park, JM Canik, JM Diem, SJ Sontag, AC Lumsdaine, A Katoh, Y Burgess, RW Korsah, K Patton, BD Wagner, JC Fogarty, PJ Sawan, M AF Peng, Y. K. M. Park, J. M. Canik, J. M. Diem, S. J. Sontag, A. C. Lumsdaine, A. Katoh, Yl Burgess, R. W. Korsah, K. Patton, B. D. Wagner, J. C. Fogarty, P. J. Sawan, M. GP IEEE TI Fusion Nuclear Science Facility (FNSF) Motivation and Required Capabilities SO 2011 IEEE/NPSS 24TH SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING (SOFE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering (SOFE) CY JUN 26-30, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, NPSS DE fusion nuclear science; spherical tokamak; low Q; stable plasma condition; single-turn magnet; modular internal components; remote handling; duty factor; neutron fluence ID SPHERICAL TOKAMAK; PHYSICS BASIS; PROGRESS; DAMAGE AB A compact (R-0 similar to 1.2-1.3m), low aspect ratio, low-Q (< 3) Fusion Nuclear Science Facility (FNSF) was recently assessed to provide a fully integrated, D-T-fueled, continuously driven plasma, volumetric nuclear environment of copious neutrons. This environment would be used, for the first time, to carry out discovery-driven research in fusion nuclear science and materials, in parallel with and complementary to ITER. This research would aim to test, discover, and understand new nuclear-nonnuclear synergistic interactions involving plasma material interactions, neutron material interactions, tritium fuel breeding and transport, and power extraction, and innovate and develop solutions for DEMO components. This facility properly designed could provide, initially using conservative JET-level D-T plasmas in Hot-Ion H-Mode, and an outboard fusion neutron flux of similar to 0.33 MW/m(2). If the research, facility operation, and component solutions were successful, the performance could be raised to 1 MW/m(2) (fusion power similar to 76 MW) by reaching for twice the JET plasma pressure and Q. Stable high-safety factor q and beta plasmas would be chosen to minimize plasma-induced disruptions, and deliver reliably a neutron fluence of 1 MWyr/m(2), if duty factors of similar to 10% (accumulated plasma burn time in a year) can be achieved. Such duty factors would therefore require time-efficient installation and replacement of all components using remote handling (RH). These in turn would require RH-compatible modular designs for all internal components, a single-turn toroidal field coil center-post, and placement of support structures and vacuum seal welds behind the internal and shielding components. RH-enabled hot-cell laboratories would enable preparation and investigations of damages of the internal test components. The scientific and technical basis for such an FNSF, and the research needed in the next decade to manage the potential risks in its research capabilities, will be described. C1 [Peng, Y. K. M.; Park, J. M.; Canik, J. M.; Diem, S. J.; Sontag, A. C.; Lumsdaine, A.; Katoh, Yl; Burgess, R. W.; Korsah, K.; Patton, B. D.; Wagner, J. C.] UT Battelle LLC, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Fogarty, P. J.] Innovat Design Inc, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Sawan, M.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Peng, YKM (reprint author), UT Battelle LLC, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM pengym@onrl.gov RI Wagner, John/K-3644-2015 OI Wagner, John/0000-0003-0257-4502 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-0669-1 PY 2011 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BXU79 UT WOS:000297201600027 ER PT J AU Rathi, D Beaumont, B Arambhadiya, B Beckett, B Bruyere, B Gassmann, T Kazarian, F Lamalle, P Manon, E Alonzo, T Baruah, U Kumar, R Mukherjee, A Singh, NP Singh, R Trivedi, R Goulding, R Moon, R Rasmussen, D Swain, D Agarici, G Meunier, L Mills, M Sartori, R Bernard, JM Durodie, F Nightingale, M Shannon, M Lockley, D AF Rathi, D. Beaumont, B. Arambhadiya, B. Beckett, B. Bruyere, B. Gassmann, T. Kazarian, F. Lamalle, Ph. Manon, E. Alonzo, T. Baruah, U. Kumar, R. Mukherjee, A. Singh, N. P. Singh, R. Trivedi, R. Goulding, R. Moon, R. Rasmussen, D. Swain, D. Agarici, G. Meunier, L. Mills, M. Sartori, R. Bernard, J. -M. Durodie, F. Nightingale, M. Shannon, M. Lockley, D. GP IEEE TI Development of & Integration of the IC H&CD System Configuration in the ITER Tokamak Complex and Auxiliary Buildings SO 2011 IEEE/NPSS 24TH SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING (SOFE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering (SOFE) CY JUN 26-30, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, NPSS DE ITER; H&CD system; antennas; transmission lines; RF sources; high voltage power supplies; buildings; configuration management model AB The Ion Cyclotron Heating and Current Drive (IC H & CD) system for ITER will provide Radio frequency (RF) heating and current drive to the ITER plasma. This system is designed to provide 20 MW into the plasma using frequencies in the range of 40 MHz to 55 MHz, which could be upgraded to 40 MW in future. This paper presents the recent development of the IC H&CD system configuration in the ITER Tokamak complex & auxiliary buildings with developed interfaces. C1 [Rathi, D.; Beaumont, B.; Arambhadiya, B.; Beckett, B.; Bruyere, B.; Gassmann, T.; Kazarian, F.; Lamalle, Ph.; Manon, E.; Alonzo, T.] ITER Org, F-13115 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Baruah, U.; Kumar, R.; Mukherjee, A.; Singh, N. P.; Singh, R.; Trivedi, R.] GIDC, ITER India, Gandhi Sagar, Gujarat, India. [Goulding, R.; Moon, R.; Rasmussen, D.; Swain, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US ITER Project Off, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Agarici, G.; Meunier, L.; Mills, M.; Sartori, R.] Div Fus Energy, ES-08019 Barcelona, Spain. [Bernard, J. -M.] CEA, IRFM, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Durodie, F.] ERM KMS, Assoc EURATOM Belgian State, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Nightingale, M.; Shannon, M.; Lockley, D.] EURATOM, CCFE Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. RP Rathi, D (reprint author), ITER Org, F-13115 St Paul Les Durance, France. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-0669-1 PY 2011 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BXU79 UT WOS:000297201600127 ER PT S AU van Loef, EV Markosyan, K Mukhopadhyay, S Shirwadkar, U Zaitseva, N Payne, S Shah, KS AF van Loef, E. V. Markosyan, K. Mukhopadhyay, S. Shirwadkar, U. Zaitseva, N. Payne, S. Shah, K. S. GP IEEE TI Fast-Neutron Detection and Pulse Shape Discrimination with Diphenylanthracene and Tetraphenylbutadiene SO 2011 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (NSS/MIC) SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)/18th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detectors CY OCT 23-29, 2011 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc (IEEE NPSS) ID SCINTILLATION PROPERTIES AB In this paper we report on fast-neutron detection and pulse shape discrimination with 9,10-diphenylanthracene and 1,1,4,4-tetraphenylbutadiene. Our research indicates that these organic scintillators have high light yields of up to 20,000 ph/MeV, a fast scintillation decay of about 20 ns, very good fast-neutron detection, and excellent neutron/gamma pulse shape discrimination. C1 [van Loef, E. V.; Markosyan, K.; Mukhopadhyay, S.; Shirwadkar, U.; Shah, K. S.] Radiat Monitoring Devices Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. [Zaitseva, N.; Payne, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP van Loef, EV (reprint author), Radiat Monitoring Devices Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. EM EvanLoef@RMDInc.com FU U.S. Domestic Nuclear Detection Office [HSHQDC-08-C-00129] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Domestic Nuclear Detection Office under Grant No. HSHQDC-08-C-00129. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4673-0120-6 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2011 BP 1866 EP 1868 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAM64 UT WOS:000304755602018 ER PT S AU Larsen, RS Downing, RW Liu, ZA Lowell, AP Pavlicek, V Simrock, S Somes, R AF Larsen, R. S. Downing, R. W. Liu, Z. A. Lowell, A. P. Pavlicek, V. Simrock, S. Somes, R. GP IEEE TI New Developments in Next Generation Platform Standards for Physics Instrumentation & Controls SO 2011 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (NSS/MIC) SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)/18th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detectors CY OCT 23-29, 2011 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc (IEEE NPSS) AB The development of xTCA for Physics standard extensions began in June 2009 with the formation of hardware and software technical subcommittees under the PICMG industry consortium. This was a new experiment in standards collaboration since up to this time labs had developed standards without members from industry and PICMG membership consisted only of companies supporting telecom and some military applications. Since then the physics hardware subcommittee, formally known as 10, Synchronization and Timing has completed two specifications which have been approved with a third guideline document in preparation; while the software subcommittee known as Software Architectures and Protocols has worked on a broad road map of guidelines aimed at increasing the level of compatibility (interoperability) between similar functional modules designed by different laboratories or companies. The subcommittees are currently supported by 9 labs that have joined PICMG plus approximately 40 companies that joined the subcommittees. This paper reviews specific progress of standards and guidelines to date; briefly summarizes some of the key infrastructure product developments made by the lab-industry collaboration; and lists examples of new lab initiatives underway to test the standards against a range of applications. It also discusses the key motivations, challenges and strategies involved in bringing a new standard into broad usage so as to reap maximum benefits to both the collaborating laboratories and supporting industries. C1 [Larsen, R. S.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Downing, R. W.] RW Downing Inc, Tucson, AZ USA. [Liu, Z. A.] Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Lowell, A. P.] Triple Ridge Technol, Fremont, CA USA. [Pavlicek, V.] Fermi Natl Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Simrock, S.] ITER Fus Project, Cadarache, France. [Somes, R.] Arroyo Technol, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Larsen, RS (reprint author), SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. EM larsen@slac.stanford.edu; rwd@mindspring.com; Iiuza@ihep.ac.cn; alowell@tripleringtech.com; vince@fual.gov; Stefan.simrock@iter.org; arroyotech@wbhsi.net FU international laboratory controls and instrumentation standards FX Finally thanks to all partner laboratories for technical and financial support to enable this important new addition to international laboratory controls and instrumentation standards NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4673-0120-6 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2011 BP 2023 EP 2027 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAM64 UT WOS:000304755602050 ER PT S AU Dokhale, P Robertson, R Stapels, C Cristian, J Kaul, M Surti, S Karp, J Vaska, P Shah, K AF Dokhale, Purushottam Robertson, Rob Stapels, Cristopher Cristian, James Kaul, Madhuri Surti, Suleman Karp, Joel Vaska, Paul Shah, Kanai GP IEEE TI Continuous LYSO-SSPM Array Based PET Detectors for Clinical and Small Volume Imaging Studies SO 2011 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (NSS/MIC) SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)/18th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detectors CY OCT 23-29, 2011 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc (IEEE NPSS) ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; DEPTH; LSO AB We are developing a large area thick continuous LYSO-solid state photomultiplier (SSPM) array based PET detectors to exploit the potential applications in clinical and small volume imaging studies. The PET detector design for clinical applications consists of a 47x47x14 mm(3) slab of LYSO crystal sandwiched between two 8x8 element SSPM arrays with 5x5 mm(2) elements. The detector module for higher resolution, small volume imaging studies consists of a thin sheet similar to 5-10mm of LYSO scintillator sandwiched between two 12x12 element SSPM arrays with 1.5x1.5 mm(2) elements. Towards addressing this goal, here we present the construction and evaluation of 8x8 element SSPM array with each element being 5mm x 5mm in size. The SSPM array with an imaging area of 47x47 mm(2) was created by close-tiling RMD's 2x2 array of 5x5 mm(2) SSPM chips in a 4x4 format. Pixel uniformity, energy resolution and timing resolution for individual pixels in the 8x8 array was studied by coupling a single LYSO crystal measuring 3x3x15 mm(3) to each SSPM pixel in the array. The measured photopeak amplitude for 511 keV gamma-rays varied from 66 to 100 over the array. The energy resolution for all pixels in the array ranged from 10% to 12.5% (FWHM). The measured timing resolution for all pixels was in 700ps to 800ps range. Continuous crystal based PET module was also built by coupling a 47x47x8 mm(3) slab of polished LYSO crystal to the 8x8 SSPM array. The energy resolution measured in the center of the crystal was 16.4% (FWHM) and at the edge it was 16.8% (FWHM). The coincidence timing resolution measured against LYSO-PMT detector was 1.1ns in the center and 1.3ns at the edge of the crystal. We also discuss the performance of a monolithic 6x6 SSPM array with each element 1.5mm x 1.5mm for smaller volume, higher resolution PET detectors. The energy resolution for all pixels in the array ranged from 13% to 15%. The measured timing resolution for all pixels was in the range of 500ps to 550ps. C1 [Dokhale, Purushottam; Robertson, Rob; Stapels, Cristopher; Cristian, James; Shah, Kanai] Radiat Monitoring Devices Inc, 44 Hunt St, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. [Kaul, Madhuri; Karp, Joel] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Surti, Suleman; Karp, Joel] Univ Penn, Dept Radiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Vaska, Paul] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dokhale, P (reprint author), Radiat Monitoring Devices Inc, 44 Hunt St, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. EM pdokhale@rmdinc.com FU U.S. Department of Energy SBIR [DE-SC0004367] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy SBIR under Grant No. DE-SC0004367. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4673-0120-6 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2011 BP 2350 EP 2354 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAM64 UT WOS:000304755602117 ER PT S AU Bent, R Daniel, WB AF Bent, Russell Daniel, W. Brent GP IEEE TI Randomized Discrepancy Bounded Local Search for Transmission Expansion Planning SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Transmission Expansion Planning; TNEP; Local Search ID CONSTRUCTIVE HEURISTIC ALGORITHM; OPTIMIZATION METHODS; NETWORK DESIGN; MODEL AB In recent years the transmission network expansion planning problem (TNEP) has become increasingly complex. As the TNEP is a non-linear and non-convex optimization problem, researchers have traditionally focused on approximate models of power flows to solve the TNEP. Existing approaches are often tightly coupled to the approximation choice. Until recently these approximations have produced results that are straight-forward to adapt to the more complex (real) problem. However, the power grid is evolving towards a state where the adaptations are no longer easy (e. g. large amounts of limited control, renewable generation) and necessitates new approaches. Recent work on deterministic Discrepancy Bounded Local Search (DBLS) has shown it to be quite effective in addressing this question. DBLS encapsulates the complexity of power flow modeling in a black box that may be queried for information about the quality of proposed expansions. In this paper, we propose a randomization strategy that builds on DBLS and dramatically increases the computational efficiency of the algorithm. C1 [Bent, Russell; Daniel, W. Brent] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bent, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469603106 ER PT S AU Botterud, A Zhou, Z Wang, J Bessa, RJ Keko, H Sumaili, J Miranda, V AF Botterud, A. Zhou, Z. Wang, J. Bessa, R. J. Keko, H. Sumaili, J. Miranda, V. GP IEEE TI Wind Power Forecasting, Unit Commitment, and Electricity Market Operations SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Wind power; probabilistic forecasts; unit commitment; operating reserves; electricity markets ID PROBABILISTIC FORECASTS; GENERATION; SYSTEMS AB In this paper we discuss the use of wind power forecasting in electricity market operations. In particular, we demonstrate how probabilistic forecasts can contribute to address the uncertainty and variability in wind power. We focus on efficient use of forecasts in the unit commitment problem and discuss potential implications for electricity market operations. C1 [Botterud, A.; Zhou, Z.; Wang, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bessa, R. J.; Keko, H.; Sumaili, J.; Miranda, V.] Univ Porto, Fac Engn, INESC Proto, Oporto, Portugal. RP Botterud, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM abotterud@anl.gov; zzhou@anl.gov; jianhui.wang@anl.gov; rbessa@inescporto.pt; hkeko@inescporto.pt; jean.sumaili@inescporto.pt; vmiranda@inescporto.pt RI Zhou, Zhi/D-2168-2009; Miranda, Vladimiro/H-6245-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy FX The authors acknowledge the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy through its Wind and Water Power Program for funding the research presented in this paper. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469602012 ER PT S AU Chassin, DP Du, P Fuller, JC AF Chassin, D. P. Du, P. Fuller, J. C. GP IEEE TI The Potential and Limits of Residential Demand Response Control Strategies SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE demand response; load modeling; smart grid AB Demand response is playing an increasingly important role in smart grid research today. Technologies that control building equipment and appliances using signals such as real-time prices are making their way into our lives. But the behavior of load both affects and is affected by load control strategies that are designed to support the electric grid. This paper explores the natural behavior of electric load, how it is affected by various load control strategies and what the implications are for concepts such as using load control to support the integration of renewable energy resources. C1 [Chassin, D. P.; Du, P.; Fuller, J. C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chassin, DP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM david.chassin@pnl.gov; pengwei.du@pnl.gov; jason.fuller@pnl.gov RI Fuller, Jason/C-9951-2014 OI Fuller, Jason/0000-0002-0462-0093 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469605069 ER PT S AU Chen, YS Fuller, J Diao, RS Zhou, N Huang, ZY Tuffner, F AF Chen, Yousu Fuller, Jason Diao, Ruisheng Zhou, Ning Huang, Zhenyu Tuffner, Francis GP IEEE TI The Influence of Topology Changes on Inter-area Oscillation Modes and Mode Shapes SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Topology Change; Inter-area Modes; Mode Shape; Small Signal Stability AB The topology of a power grid network is a piece of critical information for power grid operations. Different power grid topologies can change grid characteristics, inter-area oscillation modes, mode shapes, and even the robustness of the power system. This paper presents some preliminary study results, based on an approved WECC operating case and a modified low damping WECC system, to show the impact of topology changes resulting from N-1 contingencies on power system modes and mode shapes. The results show that topology changes can have very different impact on modal properties in a power system: some result in an unstable situation, while others can improve small signal stability. For the former, the studies show about a 4.5% damping reduction, so a 5% damping margin would be required to ensure the system can sustain the contingencies. For the latter, those topology changes could be used as a control method to improve small signal stability. Mode shapes normally do not change when there is an N-1 topology change. These observations suggest that the inclusion of topological information is useful for improving the accuracy and effectiveness of power system control schemes. C1 [Chen, Yousu; Fuller, Jason; Diao, Ruisheng; Zhou, Ning; Huang, Zhenyu; Tuffner, Francis] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chen, YS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yousu.chen@pnl.gov; jason.fuller@pnl.gov; ruisheng.diao@pnl.gov; ning.zhou@pnl.gov; zhenyu.huang@pnl.gov; francis.tuffner@pnl.gov RI Fuller, Jason/C-9951-2014 OI Fuller, Jason/0000-0002-0462-0093 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469606104 ER PT S AU Clements, SL Kirkham, H Elizondo, M Lu, S AF Clements, S. L. Kirkham, H. Elizondo, M. Lu, S. GP IEEE TI Protecting the Smart Grid: A Risk Based Approach SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE risk assessment; control systems; AMI; smart meters; smart grid; load shed modeling AB this paper describes a risk-based approach to security that has been used for years in protecting physical assets, and shows how it could be modified to help secure the digital aspects of the smart grid and control systems in general. One way the smart grid has been said to be vulnerable is that mass load fluctuations could be created by quickly turning off and on large quantities of smart meters. We investigate the plausibility. C1 [Clements, S. L.; Kirkham, H.; Elizondo, M.; Lu, S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Clements, SL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM samuel.clements@pnl.gov; harold.kirkham@pnl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469601092 ER PT S AU Coffrin, C Van Hentenryck, P Bent, R AF Coffrin, Carleton Van Hentenryck, Pascal Bent, Russell GP IEEE TI Strategic Stockpiling of Power System Supplies for Disaster Recovery SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE ID EXPERT-SYSTEM; RESTORATION AB This paper studies the Power System Stochastic Storage Problem (PSSSP), a novel application in power restoration which consists of deciding how to store power system components throughout a populated area to maximize the amount of power served after disaster restoration. The paper proposes an exact mixed-integer formulation for the linearized DC power flow model and a general column-generation approach. Both formulations were evaluated experimentally on real-life benchmarks. The results show that the column-generation algorithm produces near-optimal solutions quickly and produces orders of magnitude speedups over the exact formulation for large benchmarks. Moreover, both the exact and the column-generation formulations produce significant improvements over a greedy approach and hence should yield significant benefits in practice. C1 [Coffrin, Carleton; Van Hentenryck, Pascal] Brown Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Bent, Russell] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Coffrin, C (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469603079 ER PT S AU Ela, E Milligan, M O'Malley, M AF Ela, Erik Milligan, Michael O'Malley, Mark GP IEEE TI A Flexible Power System Operations Simulation Model for Assessing Wind Integration SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE automatic generation control; economic dispatch; power system operations; unit commitment; wind integration ID GENERATION; SECURITY AB With the advent of wind power generation on worldwide power systems, many operators and researchers are analyzing the impacts that higher future amounts may have on system operations. Many of the tools are analyzing longer term impacts on the steady-state operations of power systems and are primarily using cost as a metric. They are also using tools that are often inflexible to accommodating different market designs or operational structures. In this paper a model was developed to mimic operator behavior using a combination of security-constrained unit commitment, security-constrained economic dispatch, and automatic generation control programs. New metrics are used to compare reliability in terms of energy imbalance for different systems or different market and operational structures at very high time resolution. Finally an example application of the tool and results for a test system are shown. C1 [Ela, Erik; Milligan, Michael] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [O'Malley, Mark] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. RP Ela, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469601012 ER PT S AU Elizondo, MA Lu, S Zhou, N Samaan, N AF Elizondo, Marcelo A. Lu, Shuai Zhou, Ning Samaan, Nader GP IEEE TI Model Reduction, Validation, and Calibration of Wind Power Plants for Dynamic Studies SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE model calibration; model validation; parameter identification; power system dynamic performance; wind power plants; wind turbine generators ID TURBINES AB Accurate representation of wind power plants (WPP) in both offline and online power system stability studies has gained importance because of the rapid increase in installation of wind generation around the world. However, because increases in accuracy reduce computational efficiency, reduced WPP representation is preferred. To improve accuracy of the reduced WPP model, other authors have proposed changes in structure of the reduced model for large WPPs. Another alternative is model validation and calibration. In this paper, we compare accuracy improvements brought by changes in model structure with accuracy improvements brought by validation and calibration of the reduced WPP model with minimum changes in structure. We illustrate our findings using a 168-machine WPP connected to the IEEE 39-bus test system. The parameters of the reduced WPP model are either calculated with current equivalencing techniques or validated and calibrated against a more accurate model. The changes in structure of the reduced model are one-machine or two-machine reduced models connected with a one-line or two-line collector equivalent. We show that the most accurate response is obtained by calibrating the parameters of the reduced model with minimum changes in structure. C1 [Elizondo, Marcelo A.; Lu, Shuai; Zhou, Ning; Samaan, Nader] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Elizondo, MA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM marcelo.elizondo@pnl.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469605129 ER PT S AU Ellis, A Muljadi, E Sanchez-Gasca, J Kazachkov, Y AF Ellis, A. Muljadi, E. Sanchez-Gasca, J. Kazachkov, Y. GP IEEE TI Generic Models for Simulation of Wind Power Plants in Bulk System Planning Studies SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Generic Models; Dynamic Modeling; Power System Simulation; Wind Power Plant Representation AB The need for generic, standard, non-proprietary models for wind power plants continues to be the subject of much discussion and debate. From a technical point of view, the representation of the often complex dynamic behavior of modern wind power plants is not trivial. However, system planners and compliance organizations continue to struggle with the process deficiencies associated with the black-box and proprietary nature of manufacturer-specific models. For several years, the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) has championed the development of generic models for wind power plant models, and the progress to date is reported in this document. Recently, other organizations including the International Electromechanical Commission (IEC), manufacturers, software developers, and even utilities have been pursuing similar technical goals. It is anticipated that, through the collective efforts of these stakeholders, generic models will fulfill a much needed gap. This paper reports on the progress made to-date within the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) regarding the development of generic models suitable for representing wind power plants in typical transmission planning studies. The manuscript address technical issues associated with the representation of wind turbine generators for load flow and transient stability analyses. Current capabilities and envisioned enhancements to existing models are also discussed. C1 [Ellis, A.; Muljadi, E.; Sanchez-Gasca, J.; Kazachkov, Y.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ellis, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM aellis@sandia.gov; eduard_muljadi@nrel.gov; juan.sanchez@ps.ge.com; yuriy.kazachkov@siemens.com FU U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469606046 ER PT S AU Fuller, JC Schneider, KP Chassin, D AF Fuller, J. C. Schneider, K. P. Chassin, D. GP IEEE TI Analysis of Residential Demand Response and Double-Auction Markets SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE demand response; distribution system analysis; forward-backward sweep method; load modeling; power simulation; power modeling; smart grid; transactive AB Demand response and dynamic pricing programs are expected to play increasing roles in the modern smart grid environment. While direct load control of end-use loads has existed for decades, price driven response programs are only beginning to be explored at the distribution level. These programs utilize a price signal as a means to control demand. Active markets allow customers to respond to fluctuations in wholesale electrical costs, but may not allow the utility to control demand. Transactive markets, utilizing distributed controllers and a centralized auction, can be used to create an interactive system which can limit demand at key times on a distribution system, decreasing congestion. With the current proliferation of computing and communication resources, the ability now exists to create transactive demand response programs at the residential level. With the combination of automated bidding and response strategies, coupled with education programs and customer response, emerging demand response programs have the ability to reduce utility demand and congestion in a more controlled manner. This paper will explore the effects of a residential double-auction market, utilizing transactive controllers, on the operation of an electric power distribution system. C1 [Fuller, J. C.; Schneider, K. P.; Chassin, D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Seattle, WA 99352 USA. RP Fuller, JC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Seattle, WA 99352 USA. RI Fuller, Jason/C-9951-2014 OI Fuller, Jason/0000-0002-0462-0093 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469606029 ER PT S AU Hodge, BM Milligan, M AF Hodge, Bri-Mathias Milligan, Michael GP IEEE TI Wind Power Forecasting Error Distributions over Multiple Timescales SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Wind power generation; wind energy; stochastic systems; error probability; forecasting ID STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS AB Wind forecasting is an important consideration in integrating large amounts of wind power into the electricity grid. The wind power forecast error distribution assumed can have a large impact on the confidence intervals produced in wind power forecasting. In this work we examine the shape of the persistence model error distribution for ten different wind plants in the ERCOT system over multiple timescales. Comparisons are made between the experimental distribution shape and that of the normal distribution. The shape of the distribution is found to change significantly with the length of the forecasting timescale. The Cauchy distribution is proposed as a model distribution for the forecast errors and model parameters are fitted. Finally, the differences in confidence intervals obtained using the Cauchy distribution and the normal distribution are compared. C1 [Hodge, Bri-Mathias; Milligan, Michael] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hodge, BM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM bri-mathias.hodge@nrel.gov; michael.milligan@nrel.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469603053 ER PT S AU Howard, DF Restrepo, J Smith, T Starke, M Dang, J Harley, RG AF Howard, D. F. Restrepo, J. Smith, T. Starke, M. Dang, J. Harley, R. G. GP IEEE TI Calculation of Fault Current Contribution of Type I Wind Turbine-Generators SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Generators; Induction generators; Power system faults; Power system planning; Power system protection; Power system transients; Smart grids; Wind energy; Wind farms; Wind power generation; Wind generators AB Increasing fault current contribution from wind farms into the utility network presents new engineering challenges for utility protection engineers. Traditionally, sequence component networks are used to calculate fault currents for relay settings, but there is at present uncertainty on the appropriate sequence component models of the various wind generator types for inclusion into protection calculation software. This paper develops a sequence component model for Type I (cage rotor induction generators) wind generators. Time-domain transient simulations of wind turbine-generator fault currents are run using several popular power system simulation packages, including PSCAD/EMTDC, EMTP-RV, and SimPowerSystems; these results are compared with the calculations based on the sequence network circuits, and found to have good agreement. C1 [Howard, D. F.; Restrepo, J.; Dang, J.; Harley, R. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Smith, T.; Starke, M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Howard, DF (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM dhoward@gatech.edu; restrepo@ieee.org; smithtm@ornl.gov; starkemr@ornl.gov; jdang3@gatech.edu; rharley@ece.gatech.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469605114 ER PT S AU Huang, ZY Chen, YS Greitzer, FL Eubank, R AF Huang, Zhenyu Chen, Yousu Greitzer, Frank L. Eubank, Robert GP IEEE TI Contingency Visualization for Real-Time Decision Support in Grid Operation SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Contingency Analysis; Energy Management System; Parallel Computing; Visualization; Visual Analytics AB Contingency analysis is a key function in control centers to assess the impact of various combinations of power system component failures based on state estimates. Today's practice analyzes only a limited set of contingency cases and lacks of capabilities in presenting the results in a way that is easy to be understood by grid operators in a short time frame of seconds to minutes. This limits the ability to operate the power grid for better reliability and efficiency. Faster analysis of more cases is required to safely and reliably operate today's power grids which have a less margin and more intermittent renewable energy sources. This paper explores the advancements in high performance computing and visual analytics for improving the computational speed and the information representation in contingency analysis. A framework of advanced contingency analysis is proposed. Case studies using the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) system are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed framework. Comparative assessment by real power grid operators has been performed as part of a WECC operator training class. The assessment results demonstrate the validity of the proposed contingency analysis and visualization approach. C1 [Huang, Zhenyu; Chen, Yousu; Greitzer, Frank L.] Battelle Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Eubank, Robert] Western Elect Coordinating Council, Salt Lake City, UT 84103 USA. RP Huang, ZY (reprint author), Battelle Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zhenyu.huang@pnl.gov; yousu.chen@pnl.gov; frank.greitzer@pnl.gov; reubank@wecc.biz FU CASS-MT; Department of Defense; Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RL01830] FX This work is supported in part by the CASS-MT program funded by the Department of Defense and the Advanced Grid Analytics Program funded by the Department of Energy. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469606087 ER PT S AU Jin, CL Lu, S Lu, N Dougal, RA AF Jin, Chunlian Lu, Shuai Lu, Ning Dougal, Roger A. GP IEEE TI Cross-Market Optimization for Hybrid Energy Storage Systems SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE power market; energy market; regulation market; optimization; energy storage ID GENETIC ALGORITHM SOLUTION; ELECTRICITY MARKET; OPTIMAL RESPONSE; UNIT AB A method is developed to generate optimal bid schedules for a hybrid energy storage system participating in both energy and regulation service markets. The hybrid energy storage system includes a fast-response component, such as a flywheel or battery, and a slow response component, such as a pumped-hydro or a conventional generator. This paper describes the objective function and constraints of the cross-market optimization problem. A genetic algorithm is used to solve the problem with a nonlinear penalty curve applied to the energy constraints. A single market optimization method based on priority search is used as a baseline. The results show that the cross-market optimization can improve revenue of the energy storage system by 6.9% over the baseline. Although the method was applied to a hybrid energy storage system, it can be generalized to any energy storage systems. C1 [Jin, Chunlian; Lu, Shuai; Lu, Ning] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Dougal, Roger A.] Univ South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Jin, CL (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM chunlian.jin@pnl.gov; shuai.lu@pnl.gov; ning.lu@pnl.gov; dougal@cec.sc.edu FU Internal Research and Development (IR&D) program at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Internal Research and Development (IR&D) program at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469606098 ER PT S AU Jin, CL Lu, N Lu, S Makarov, Y Dougal, RA AF Jin, Chunlian Lu, Ning Lu, Shuai Makarov, Yuri Dougal, Roger A. GP IEEE TI Coordinated Control Algorithm for Hybrid Energy Storage Systems SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Hybrid energy storage system; coordinated control; regulation service; fast energy storage unit; slow unit; wear and tear AB Energy storage is an essential element of future power systems to integrate high level of variable renewable energy resources. Earlier studies have found that energy storage can compensate for the stochastic nature of intermittent energy sources by absorbing the excessive energy when generation exceeds predicted levels and providing it back to the grid when generation levels fall short. However, earlier economic studies have shown that battery energy storage and flywheel energy storage is not economically competitive comparing to traditional generation units. An optimal control algorithm has been developed to coordinate the slow unit (having respond time greater than 1 minute) and fast energy storage unit (having response time less than 1 minute) to maximize the revenue (or minimize the total cost) of the hybrid energy storage system. The fast energy storage unit, (which can be a flywheel or battery bank) is tuned to pick up the fluctuations of regulation signal while the slow unit, (which can be a traditional generation unit or slow energy storage system) is adjusted less than once per hour to provide regulation service. Simulation models of hydro, combined cycle, and flywheel unit have been developed and implemented in MATLAB. Extensive simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the control algorithm. The value of the algorithm has been shown from power plant wear and tear aspect and reducing system balancing reserve aspect. C1 [Jin, Chunlian; Lu, Ning; Lu, Shuai; Makarov, Yuri] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Dougal, Roger A.] Univ South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Jin, CL (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM chunlian.jin@pnl.gov FU Internal Research and Development (IR&D) program at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Internal Research and Development (IR&D) program at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469606093 ER PT S AU Jung, J Asgeirsson, H Basso, T Hambrick, J Dilek, M Seguin, R Broadwater, R AF Jung, Jaesung Asgeirsson, Haukur Basso, Thomas Hambrick, Joshua Dilek, Murat Seguin, Richard Broadwater, Robert GP IEEE TI Evaluation of DER Adoption in the Presence of New Load Growth and Energy Storage Technologies SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Distributed Energy Resource (DER); DER Adoption; Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV); Solar Generation; Wind Generation; Energy Storage System; Renewable Energy System AB This study considers potential system effects from the addition of Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) load to individually metered residential customers together with a concurrent market adoption of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and energy storage technologies to offset the associated load growth. To evaluate various renewable energy source conditions, a prototypical circuit is evaluated in Detroit, Los Angeles, and Orlando locations for both summer and winter loading conditions. Various load adoption scenarios are simulated by randomly assigning specified loading to target customer classes on the circuit. C1 [Jung, Jaesung; Broadwater, Robert] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept ECE, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Asgeirsson, Haukur] DTE Energy, Power System Technol Dept, Detroit, MI 48226 USA. [Basso, Thomas; Hambrick, Joshua] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Dilek, Murat] Elect Distributed Design Inc, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Seguin, Richard] DTE Energy, Dept Distributed Resource Planning, Detroit, MI 48226 USA. RP Jung, J (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept ECE, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM jjaesung@vt.edu; asgeirssonh@dteenergy.com; Thomas.Basso@nrel.gov; Josh.Hambrick@nrel.gov; murat-dilek@edd-us.com; seguinr@dteenergy.com; dew@vt.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469600018 ER PT S AU Kalsi, K Sun, YN Huang, ZY Du, PW Diao, RS Anderson, KK Li, YL Lee, B AF Kalsi, Karanjit Sun, Yannan Huang, Zhenyu Du, Pengwei Diao, Ruisheng Anderson, Kevin K. Li, Yulan Lee, Barry GP IEEE TI Calibrating Multi-machine Power System Parameters with the Extended Kalman Filter SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Model sensitivity; Extended Kalman Filter; Multi-machine power system; Dynamic simulation AB Large-scale renewable resources and novel smart-grid technologies continue to increase the complexity of power systems. As power systems continue to become more complex, accurate modeling for planning and operation becomes a necessity. Inaccurate system models would result in an unreliable assessment of system security conditions and could cause large-scale blackouts. This motivates the need for model parameter calibration, since some or all of the model parameters could either be unknown or inaccurate. In this paper, the extended Kalman filter is used to calibrate the parameters of a multi-machine power system in the presence of faults. The calibration performance is tested under varying fault locations, parameter errors, and measurement noise giving an insight into how many generators and which generators could be difficult to calibrate. C1 [Kalsi, Karanjit; Sun, Yannan; Huang, Zhenyu; Du, Pengwei; Diao, Ruisheng; Anderson, Kevin K.; Li, Yulan; Lee, Barry] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kalsi, K (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM karanjit.kalsi@pnl.gov; Yannan.sun@pnl.gov; Zhenyu.huang@pnl.gov; Pengwei.du@pnl.gov; ruisheng.diao@pnl.gov; Kevin.anderson@pnl.gov; Yulan.li@pnl.gov; Barry.Lee@pnl.gov FU Northwest National Laboratory's Laboratory Research; U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was performed under Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's Laboratory Research and Development Program, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469602038 ER PT S AU Kondoh, J Lu, N Hammerstrom, DJ AF Kondoh, Junji Lu, Ning Hammerstrom, Donald J. GP IEEE TI An Evaluation of the Water Heater Load Potential for Providing Regulation Service SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE demand-side management; direct load control; electric water heaters; regulation service; wind power integration ID STATE-QUEUING MODEL; SYSTEM; MANAGEMENT AB This paper investigates the possibility of providing aggregated regulation services with small loads, such as water heaters or air conditioners. A direct-load control algorithm is presented to aggregate the water heater load for the purpose of regulation. A dual-element electric water heater model is developed, which accounts for both thermal dynamics and users' water consumption. A realistic regulation signal was used to evaluate the number of water heaters needed and the operational characteristics of a water heater when providing 2-MW regulation service. Modeling results suggest that approximately 33,000 water heaters are needed to provide a 2-MW regulation service 24 hours a day. However, if water heaters only provide regulation from 6:00 to 24:00, approximately 20,000 will be needed. Because the control algorithm has considered the thermal setting of the water heater, customer comfort is maintained. Therefore, the aggregated regulation service provided by water heater loads can become a major source of revenue for load-serving entities when the smart grid enables the direct load control. C1 [Kondoh, Junji] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. [Lu, Ning; Hammerstrom, Donald J.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kondoh, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. EM j.kondoh@aist.go.jp; ning.lu@pnl.gov; donald.hammerstrom@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830.] FX This work was conducted by Pacific North-west National Laboratory, which is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. Paper no. TPWRS-00047-2010. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469601115 ER PT S AU Lew, D Alonge, C Brower, M Frank, J Freeman, L Orwig, K Potter, C Wan, YH AF Lew, Debra Alonge, Charles Brower, Michael Frank, Jaclyn Freeman, Lavelle Orwig, Kirsten Potter, Cameron Wan, Yih-Huei GP IEEE TI Wind Data Inputs for Regional Wind Integration Studies SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Wind power modeling; wind speed; mesoscale modeling; forecast error; wind forecasting; wind integration AB Wind integration studies are conducted routinely to examine the operational impacts of wind on the power system. Wind plant power outputs and forecasts are needed as inputs to these studies and this data is often synthesized by a variety of methods. This paper examines the methodologies used to create these datasets, the pitfalls that may be encountered, and the tradeoffs between different methodological approaches. C1 [Lew, Debra; Orwig, Kirsten; Wan, Yih-Huei] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Alonge, Charles; Brower, Michael; Frank, Jaclyn] GE Energy, Albany, NY 12205 USA. [Freeman, Lavelle] GE Energy, Schenectady, NY 12345 USA. [Potter, Cameron] 3TIER Grp, Seattle, WA USA. RP Lew, D (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM debra.lew@nrel.gov; calonge@awstruepower.com; mbrower@awstruepower.com; jfrank@awstruepower.com; Lavelle.freeman@ge.com; kirsten.orwig@nrel.gov; cpotter@3tier.com; yih-huei.wan@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's Wind Program; 3TIER Group; AWS Truepower FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energys Wind Program that funded this work; 3TIER Group and AWS Truepower, who created the datasets analyzed in this paper; and the contributions of D. Corbus, G. Jordan, M. Milligan, and K. Porter in overseeing the dataset creation and identifying issues throughout these undertakings. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469605046 ER PT S AU Li, HJ Li, FX Xu, Y Rizy, DT Kueck, J AF Li, Huijuan Li, Fangxing Xu, Yan Rizy, D. Tom Kueck, John GP IEEE TI Adaptive Voltage Control With Distributed Energy Resources: Algorithm, Theoretical Analysis, Simulation, and Field Test Verification SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE C1 [Li, Huijuan; Li, Fangxing] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Xu, Yan; Rizy, D. Tom; Kueck, John] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Li, HJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Li, Fangxing/E-6023-2013 OI Li, Fangxing/0000-0003-1060-7618 FU Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR 22725]; UT-Battelle and conducted at ORNL; UT Knoxville [TPWRS-00697- 2009] FX Manuscript received August 31, 2009; revised December 08, 2009. First published March 15, 2010; current version published July 21, 2010. This work was supported by the Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR 22725 with UT-Battelle and conducted at ORNL and UT Knoxville. Paper no. TPWRS-00697- 2009. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469601061 ER PT S AU Liu, YM Yuan, ZY Markham, PN Conners, RW Liu, YL AF Liu, Yuming Yuan, Zhiyong Markham, Penn N. Conners, Richard W. Liu, Yilu GP IEEE TI Wide-area Frequency as a Criterion for Digital Audio Recording Authentication SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Frequency Monitoring Network (FNET); wide-area frequency; digital forensics; ENF criterion; short-time Fourier transform ID ENF CRITERION; SYSTEM FREQUENCY; VIDEO AB The Electrical Network Frequency (ENF) criterion is a novel method for digital audio recording authentication in the field of forensic science. Both an accurate frequency estimation method and a reliable frequency reference database are the key requirements for this technique. This paper briefly introduces the Frequency Monitoring Network (FNET) at UTK and analyzes the frequency characteristics of the four North American interconnections. Wide-area frequency measurements in each interconnection conform to the Gaussian distribution, but with slightly varied parameters. Short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is adopted to estimate the power system frequency signal embedded in audio files, and a procedure for using the ENF criterion, ranging from signal preprocessing to frequency estimation and frequency data matching, is proposed and then tested by two cases. Results show that the STFT can be used as an accurate ENF extraction method. Furthermore, factors which influence the accuracy of frequency estimation, such as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the recording hardware, are also discussed. C1 [Liu, Yuming; Markham, Penn N.; Liu, Yilu] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Conners, Richard W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Yuan, Zhiyong] Virginia Tech, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Liu, YM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM leo.ym.liu@gmail.com; yuanzy97@gmail.com; markham@utk.edu; rconners@vt.edu; liu@utk.edu FU National Institute of Justice (NIJ); lectric Network Frequency; National Science Foundation FX The authors would like to thank the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) for the financial support for this work. In particular, we want to thank our program manager, Dr. John Kaplan for his support. The authors also like to thank Mr. Michael Piper and Mr. David Hallimore for their guidance and support of our work on the Electric Network Frequency analysis problems. They co-chair the Audio Subcommittee of the Scientific Working Group on Digital Evidence. Without their encouragement we would never have undertaken studies in ENF analysis. The authors would like to thank all the FDR host universities, companies, high schools and individuals in the United States and Canada. Without them, this work would not be possible. This work is supported in part by the National Science Foundation. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469603028 ER PT S AU Lu, N Du, PW Paulson, P Greitzer, F Guo, XX Hadley, M AF Lu, Ning Du, Pengwei Paulson, Patrick Greitzer, Frank Guo, Xinxin Hadley, Mark GP IEEE TI A Multi-layer, Hierarchical Information Management System for the Smart Grid SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE cyber security; reliability; smart grid; predictive defense; interoperability; data integrity AB This paper presents the modeling approach, methodologies, and initial results of setting up a multi-layer, hierarchical information management system (IMS) for the smart grid. The IMS allows its users to analyze the data collected by multiple control and communication networks to characterize the states of the smart grid. Abnormal, corrupted, or erroneous measurement data and outliers are detected and analyzed to identify whether they are caused by random equipment failures, human error, or tampering. Data collected from different information networks are crosschecked for data integrity based on redundancy, dependency, correlation, or cross-correlations, which reveal the interdependency between data sets. A hierarchically structured reasoning mechanism is used to rank possible causes of an event to enable system operators to proactively respond or provide mitigation recommendations to remove or neutralize the threats. The model satisfactorily identifies the cause of an event and significantly reduces the need to process myriads of data. C1 [Lu, Ning; Du, Pengwei; Paulson, Patrick; Greitzer, Frank; Guo, Xinxin; Hadley, Mark] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lu, N (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K1-85, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ning.lu@pnl.gov; pengwei.du@pnl.gov; patrick.paulson@pnl.gov; frank.greitzer@pnl.gov; xinxin.guo@pnl.gov; mark.hadley@pnl.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469602029 ER PT S AU Lu, N Du, PW Paulson, P Greitzer, FL Guo, XX Hadley, M AF Lu, Ning Du, Pengwei Paulson, Patrick Greitzer, Frank L. Guo, Xinxin Hadley, Mark GP IEEE TI The Development of a Smart Distribution Grid Testbed for Integrated Information Management Systems SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE smart grid; distribution networks; power grid operation; information management systems; test systems; cyber security; predictive defense; integrated distribution energy management; interoperability; data integrity ID STATE-QUEUING MODEL AB This paper presents a smart distribution grid testbed to test or compare designs of integrated information management systems (I2MSs). An I2MS extracts and synthesizes information from a wide range of data sources to detect abnormal system behaviors, identify possible causes, assess the system status, and provide grid operators with response suggestions. The objective of the testbed is to provide a modeling environment with sufficient data sources for the I2MS design. The testbed includes five information layers and a physical layer; it generates multi-layer chronological data based on actual measurement playbacks or simulated data sets produced by the physical layer. The testbed models random hardware failures, human errors, extreme weather events, and deliberate tampering attempts to allow users to evaluate the performance of different I2MS designs. Initial results of I2MS performance tests showed that the testbed created a close-to-real-world environment that allowed key performance metrics of the I2MS to be evaluated. C1 [Lu, Ning; Du, Pengwei; Paulson, Patrick; Greitzer, Frank L.; Guo, Xinxin; Hadley, Mark] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lu, N (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K1-85, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ning.lu@pnl.gov; Pengwei.du@pnl.gov; patrick.paulson@pnl.gov; frank.greitzer@pnl.gov; Xinxin.guo@pnl.gov; mark.hadley@pnl.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469600008 ER PT S AU Lu, S Elizondo, MA Samaan, N Kalsi, K Mayhorn, E Diao, RS Jin, CL Zhang, Y AF Lu, Shuai Elizondo, Marcelo A. Samaan, Nader Kalsi, Karanjit Mayhorn, Ebony Diao, Ruisheng Jin, Chunlian Zhang, Yu GP IEEE TI Control Strategies for Distributed Energy Resources to Maximize the Use of Wind Power in Rural Microgrids SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE microgrid control; wind power; distributed energy resources; centralized control; decentralized control; demand response; energy storage; smart grid AB This paper investigates the control strategies for distributed energy resources (DERs), including diesel generators, energy storage and demand response (DR), to achieve high penetration of wind energy in a rural microgrid. In such a system, it could be both economical and environmentally friendly to harness wind power and displace the consumption of fossil fuels. In the study, energy storage and DR are used to contain frequency deviations and reduce diesel generators' movement, while maximizing the use of wind energy. Detailed dynamic models of DERs and household loads are built to simulate the microgrid. Combinations of centralized (direct control) and decentralized (autonomous response) control strategies on DERs are implemented. The control capabilities of each type of DERs are also explored under different scenarios. The system responses under high wind speeds and to large disturbances are tested. Results show that coordinated DR and energy storage can effectively compensate for wind variability as well as provide desired frequency response. This consequently reduces the movements of diesel generators and thereby the amount of mechanical stress. C1 [Lu, Shuai; Elizondo, Marcelo A.; Samaan, Nader; Kalsi, Karanjit; Diao, Ruisheng; Jin, Chunlian] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Mayhorn, Ebony] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Stat, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Zhang, Yu] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. RP Lu, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Shuai.lu@pnl.gov FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469605134 ER PT S AU Ma, J Makarov, YV Loutan, C Xie, ZJ AF Ma, Jian Makarov, Yuri V. Loutan, Clyde Xie, Zhijun (June) GP IEEE TI Impact of Wind and Solar Generation on the California ISO's Intra-hour Balancing Needs SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Wind generation; solar generation; load following; regulation; swinging door algorithm; load forecast errors; wind generation forecast errors; solar generation forecast errors AB The impact of integrating 20% of renewable resources, primarily wind and solar, on regulation and load following requirements within the California Independent System Operator (CAISO)'s Balancing Authority Area is analyzed in detail. The analysis entails a stochastic process that employs Monte Carlo simulations and uses a random number generator to generate forecast errors over multiple iterations. Load and wind forecast errors are simulated based on the statistical characteristics (standard deviation and autocorrelation) of actual historical forecast error data. A refined persistence model is used to simulate real-time solar forecast errors. Clearness Index (CI) is used in the simulation of hour-ahead and real-time solar forecast errors. Various aspects of the CAISO operating practices and market timelines are modeled in detail from hour-ahead to real-time dispatch to provide realistic intra-hour operational requirements. Also, statistical interactions of load, wind and solar generation in a minute-to-minute interval are modeled with sufficient details to evaluate the regulation and load following capacity, ramp rate and ramp duration requirements in the 2012 timeframe. A comparison of these requirements is made between 2006 and 2012. C1 [Ma, Jian; Makarov, Yuri V.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Loutan, Clyde; Xie, Zhijun (June)] California ISO, Folsom, CA 95630 USA. RP Ma, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jian.ma@pnl.gov; yuri.makarov@pnl.gov; cloutan@caiso.com; zxie@caiso.com FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469603075 ER PT S AU Makarov, YV Lu, S Samaan, N Huang, ZY Subbarao, K Etingov, PV Ma, J Hafen, RP Diao, RS Lu, N AF Makarov, Yuri V. Lu, Shuai Samaan, Nader Huang, Zhenyu Subbarao, Krishnappa Etingov, Pavel V. Ma, Jian Hafen, Ryan P. Diao, Ruisheng Lu, Ning GP IEEE TI Integration of Uncertainty Information into Power System Operations SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Uncertainty; Power System Operations; Power System Balance; Unit Commitment; Economic Dispatch; Wind Generation Forecast Error; Solar Generation Forecast Error; Load Forecast Errors; Uninstructed Deviations AB Contemporary power systems face uncertainties coming from multiple sources, including forecast errors of load, wind and solar generation, uninstructed deviation and forced outage of traditional generators, and unscheduled loss of transmission lines. With increasing amounts of wind and solar generation being integrated into the system, these uncertainties have been growing significantly. It is critically important to build the knowledge of major sources of uncertainties, learn how to model them, and then incorporate this information into decision-making processes and power system operations, for better reliability and efficiency. This paper gives a comprehensive overview on the sources of uncertainties in power systems, their important characteristics and models, and approaches for integrating uncertainty information into system operations. It is primarily based on previous works conducted at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). C1 [Makarov, Yuri V.; Lu, Shuai; Samaan, Nader; Huang, Zhenyu; Subbarao, Krishnappa; Etingov, Pavel V.; Ma, Jian; Hafen, Ryan P.; Diao, Ruisheng; Lu, Ning] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Makarov, YV (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM yuri.makarov@pnl.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469606111 ER PT S AU Makarov, YV Samaan, N Diao, RS Kumbale, M Chen, YS Singh, R Green, I Morgan, MP AF Makarov, Yuri V. Samaan, Nader Diao, Ruisheng Kumbale, Murali Chen, Yousu Singh, Ruchi Green, Irina Morgan, Mark P. GP IEEE TI Assessment of Critical Events Corridors through Multivariate Cascading Outages Analysis SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Blackouts; cascading outages; critical events corridors; extreme events; power system planning; power system reliability AB Massive blackouts of electrical power systems over the past decade has focused increasing attention to cascading events that may lead to widespread network collapses. It is important to be able to identify places in the system where the cascading events are most likely or/and lead to the most severe consequences. Based on this information, transmission planning decisions can be made that minimize the risk of blackouts in the most efficient way. This paper addresses all these issues. First, it outlines a method to simulate cascading failures resulting from multiple extreme initiating events. The method is currently confined to analyzing steady state power-system responses to extreme events and uses a simplified model of protection system. The second goal is to determine parts of the network vulnerable cascading failures. The hypothesis of critical events corridors is proposed to represent repeating sequential outages that can occur in the system for multiple initiating events. The new concept helps to identify system reinforcements that planners could engineer in order to "break" the critical events sequences and therefore lessen the likelihood and consequences of cascading outages. This hypothesis has been successfully validated with a California power system model. C1 [Makarov, Yuri V.; Samaan, Nader; Diao, Ruisheng; Chen, Yousu; Singh, Ruchi; Morgan, Mark P.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Adv Power & Energy Syst Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kumbale, Murali] Southern Co Services, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. [Green, Irina] California ISO, Folsom, CA 95630 USA. RP Makarov, YV (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Adv Power & Energy Syst Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yuri.makarov@pnl.gov; nader.samaan@pnl.gov; ruisheng.diao@pnl.gov; mkumbale@southernco.com; yousu.chen@pnl.gov; ruchi.singh@pnl.gov; igreen@caiso.com; m.morgan@pnl.gov FU PIER program at the California Energy Commission (CEC) through the California Institute for Energy and Environment (CIEE) [500-02-004X] FX This work is supported by the Extreme Events Research project funded by the PIER program at the California Energy Commission (CEC) through the California Institute for Energy and Environment (CIEE) under Contract 500-02-004X. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469606100 ER PT S AU McParland, C AF McParland, Charles GP IEEE TI OpenADR Open Source Toolkit: Developing Open Source Software for the Smart Grid. SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE OpenADR; open source; demand response AB Demand response (DR) is becoming an increasingly important part of power grid planning and operation. The advent of the Smart Grid, which mandates its use, further motivates selection and development of suitable software protocols to enable DR functionality. The OpenADR protocol has been developed and is being standardized to serve this goal. We believe that the development of a distributable, open source implementation of OpenADR will benefit this effort and motivate critical evaluation of its capabilities, by the wider community, for providing wide-scale DR services. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McParland, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mcparland@lbl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469606018 ER PT S AU Milligan, M Kirby, B King, J Beuning, S AF Milligan, Michael Kirby, Brendan King, Jack Beuning, Stephen GP IEEE TI Operating Reserve Implication of Alternative Implementations of an Energy Imbalance Service on Wind Integration in the Western Interconnection SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Wind energy; balancing area; wind integration AB During the past few years, there has been significant interest in alternative ways to manage power systems over a larger effective electrical footprint. Large regional transmission organizations in the Eastern Interconnection have effectively consolidated balancing areas, achieving significant economies of scale that result in a reduction in required reserves. Conversely, in the Western Interconnection there are many balancing areas, which will result in challenges if there is significant wind and solar energy development in the region. A recent proposal to the Western Electricity Coordinating Council suggests a regional energy imbalance service (EIS). To evaluate this EIS, a number of analyses are in process or are planned. This paper describes one part of an analysis of the EIS's implication on operating reserves under several alternative scenarios of the market footprint and participation. We improve on the operating reserves method utilized in the Eastern Wind Integration and Transmission Study and apply this modified approach to data from the Western Wind and Solar Integration Study. C1 [Milligan, Michael; Kirby, Brendan] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Beuning, Stephen] Xcel Energy Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55401 USA. [King, Jack] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, REPAE, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Milligan, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM michael.milligan@nrel.gov; kirbybj@ieee.org; jking@repae.com; Stephen.J.Beuning@xcelenergy.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469604124 ER PT S AU Mills, AD Wiser, RH AF Mills, Andrew D. Wiser, Ryan H. GP IEEE TI Implications of Geographic Diversity for Short-Term Variability and Predictability of Solar Power SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE ID WIND TURBINES; SYSTEMS AB Worldwide interest in the deployment of photovoltaic generation (PV) is rapidly increasing. Operating experience with large PV plants, however, demonstrates that large, rapid changes in the output of PV plants are possible. Early studies of PV grid impacts suggested that short-term variability could be a potential limiting factor in deploying PV. Many of these early studies, however, lacked high-quality data from multiple sites to assess the costs and impacts of increasing PV penetration. As is well known for wind, accounting for the potential for geographic diversity can significantly reduce the magnitude of extreme changes in aggregated PV output, the resources required to accommodate that variability, and the potential costs of managing variability. We use measured 1-min solar insolation for 23 time-synchronized sites in the Southern Great Plains network of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program and wind speed data from 10 sites in the same network to characterize the variability of PV with different degrees of geographic diversity and to compare the variability of PV to the variability of similarly sited wind. We find in our analysis of PV and wind plants similarly sited in a 5 X 5 grid with 50 km spacing that the variability of PV is only slightly more than the variability of wind on time scales of 5-15 min. Over shorter and longer time scales the level of variability is nearly identical. Finally, we use a simple approximation method to estimate the cost of carrying additional reserves to manage sub-hourly variability. We conclude that the costs of managing the short-term variability of PV are dramatically reduced by geographic diversity and are not substantially different from the costs for managing the short-term variability of similarly sited wind in this region. C1 [Mills, Andrew D.; Wiser, Ryan H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mills, AD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ADMills@lbl.gov RI Mills, Andrew/B-3469-2016 OI Mills, Andrew/0000-0002-9065-0458 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 13 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469606088 ER PT S AU Mooney, D Kroposki, B Kramer, W AF Mooney, David Kroposki, Ben Kramer, William GP IEEE TI Renewable and Efficiency Systems Integration at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE C1 [Mooney, David; Kroposki, Ben; Kramer, William] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mooney, D (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469604076 ER PT S AU Muljadi, E Gevorgian, V AF Muljadi, E. Gevorgian, V. GP IEEE TI Short-Circuit Modeling of a Wind Power Plant SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Fault contribution; induction generator; protection; short circuit; wind power plant; wind turbine AB An important aspect of wind power plant (WPP) impact studies is to evaluate short-circuit current (SCC) contribution of the plant into the transmission network under different fault conditions. This information is needed to size the circuit breakers, to establish the proper system protection, and to choose the transient suppressor in the circuits within the WPP. This task can be challenging to protection engineers due to the topology differences between different types of wind turbine generators (WTGs) and the conventional generating units. This paper investigates the short-circuit behavior of a WPP for different types of wind turbines. The short-circuit behavior will be presented. Both the simplified models and detailed models are used in the simulations and both symmetrical faults and unsymmetrical faults are discussed. C1 [Muljadi, E.; Gevorgian, V.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Muljadi, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM eduard.muljadi@nrel.gov; vahan.gevorgian@nrel.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469601045 ER PT S AU Muljadi, E Gevorgian, V DeLaRosa, F AF Muljadi, E. Gevorgian, V. DeLaRosa, F. GP IEEE TI Wind Power Plant Enhancement with a Fault Current Limiter SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Fault contribution; saturable core fault current limiter; induction generator; protection; short circuit; wind power plant; wind turbine AB An important aspect of wind power plant (WPP) impact studies is to evaluate the short-circuit (SC) current contribution of the plant into the transmission network under different fault conditions. This task can be challenging to protection engineers due to the topology differences between different types of wind turbine generators (WTGs) and the conventional generating units. While it is important to size the circuit breaker to accommodate the available SC current, the available rating of a circuit breaker is limited. A fault current limiter (FCL) has the capability to limit the SC current, and in some cases, may be necessary to limit the SC current from a WPP to defer the replacement of a circuit breaker currently installed in the transmission line. This paper investigates the capability of a saturable core FCL to limit the SC current of different types of WTGs. Different faults are simulated to investigate the effectiveness of the FCL to limit the SC current and to reduce transient torque during faults. Several cases will be considered to demonstrate the benefits of using FCLs in unique situations. C1 [Muljadi, E.; Gevorgian, V.] NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [DeLaRosa, F.] Zenergy Power Inc, Burlingame, CA 94010 USA. RP Muljadi, E (reprint author), NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM eduard.muljadi@nrel.gov; vahan.gevorgian@nrel.gov; francisco.delarosa@zenergypower.com FU U.S. Department of Energy and California Energy Commission FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and California Energy Commission NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469601042 ER PT S AU Nguyen, TB Lu, N Jin, CL AF Nguyen, Tony B. Lu, Ning Jin, Chunlian GP IEEE TI Modeling Impacts of Climate Change Mitigation Technologies on Power Grids SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE modeling climate changes; power system planning; load forecast; building load; renewable integration; PHEV; climate change impacts AB This paper describes a modeling approach that simulates the impacts of different climate change mitigation technologies on power grids for power system planning purposes. Because the historical data is less credible when new technologies are being deployed to the system, it is then critical to model them to address their impacts. This paper illustrates how to integrate modeling results obtained from different modeling tools to give a reasonable forecast of the future. Building simulation tools, distribution power grid modeling tools, and power system planning tools are used to model and aggregate the impacts from the end-use to the system level. Electricity generation, production cost, emission, and transmission congestions are used to quantify the influence of different mitigation technologies. Modeling results have shown that the cross-discipline modeling approach provided the modeler with the necessary time resolution and input details to address the variables that influence the modeling results. Different modeling issues are also addressed in the paper. C1 [Nguyen, Tony B.; Lu, Ning; Jin, Chunlian] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nguyen, TB (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469605124 ER PT S AU Nutaro, J AF Nutaro, James GP IEEE TI Designing power system simulators for the smart grid: combining controls, communications, and electro-mechanical dynamics SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE AB Open source software has a leading role in research on simulation technology for electrical power systems. Research simulators demonstrate new features for which there is nascent but growing demand not yet provided for by commercial simulators. Of particular interest is the inclusion of models of software-intensive and communication-intensive controls in simulations of power system transients. This paper describes two features of the ORNL power system simulator that help it meet this need. First is its use of discrete event simulation for all aspects of the model: control, communication, and electro-mechanical dynamics. Second is an interoperability interface that enables the ORNL power system simulator to be integrated with existing, discrete event simulators of digital communication systems. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of how these aspects of the ORNL power system simulator might be inserted into production-grade simulation tools. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nutaro, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM nutarojj@ornl.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469603119 ER PT S AU Papic, M Bell, K Chen, Y Dobson, I Fonte, L Haq, E Hines, P Kirschen, D Luo, X Miller, S Samaan, N Vaiman, M Varghese, M Zhang, P AF Papic, M. Bell, K. Chen, Y. Dobson, I. Fonte, L. Haq, E. Hines, P. Kirschen, D. Luo, X. Miller, S. Samaan, N. Vaiman, M. Varghese, M. Zhang, P. CA IEEE Computing Analytical Methods GP IEEE TI Survey of Tools for Risk Assessment of Cascading Outages SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Transmission Planning; Operations; Cascading Outages; Risk Assessment ID FAILURES; RELIABILITY; SECURITY; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS AB this paper is a result of ongoing activity carried out by Understanding, Prediction, Mitigation and Restoration of Cascading Failures Task Force under IEEE Computer Analytical Methods Subcommittee (CAMS). The task force's previous papers [1, 2] are focused on general aspects of cascading outages such as understanding, prediction, prevention and restoration from cascading failures. This is the second of two new papers, which extend this previous work to summarize the state of the art in cascading failure risk analysis methodologies and modeling tools. The first paper reviews the state of the art in methodologies for performing risk assessment of potential cascading outages [3]. This paper describes the state of the art in cascading failure modeling tools, documenting the view of experts representing utilities, universities and consulting companies. The paper is intended to constitute a valid source of information and references about presently available tools that deal with prediction of cascading failure events. This effort involves reviewing published literature and other documentation from vendors, universities and research institutions. The assessment of cascading outages risk evaluation is in continuous evolution. Investigations to gain even better understanding and identification of cascading events are the subject of several research programs underway aimed at solving the complexity of these events that electrical utilities face today. Assessing the risk of cascading failure events in planning and operation for power transmission systems require adequate mathematical tools/software. C1 [Papic, M.] Idaho Power Co, Boise, ID USA. [Bell, K.] Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Chen, Y.; Samaan, N.] PNNL, Richland, WA USA. [Dobson, I.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Fonte, L.; Varghese, M.] CAISO, Folsom, CA USA. [Hines, P.] Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Kirschen, D.] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Luo, X.] ISO NE, Holyoke, MA USA. [Vaiman, M.] V&R Energy Syst Res, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Zhang, P.] EPRI, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Papic, M (reprint author), Idaho Power Co, Boise, ID USA. EM mpapic@idahopower.com; keith.bell@eee.strath.ac.uk; Yousu.chen@pnl.gov; Dobson@engr.wisc.edu; lfonte@caiso.com; ehaq@caiso.com; paul.hines@uvm.edu; D.Kirschen@manchester.ac.uk; xluo@iso-ne.com; ssmiller@cai-engr.com; Nader.Samaan@pnl.gov; marvaiman@vrenergy.com; mvarghese@caiso.com; Pzhang@EPRI.com RI Dobson, Ian/C-3989-2008 OI Dobson, Ian/0000-0001-7018-5475 NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469603037 ER PT S AU Pfitzner, R Turitsyn, K Chertkov, M AF Pfitzner, Rene Turitsyn, Konstantin Chertkov, Michael GP IEEE TI Statistical Classification of Cascading Failures in Power Grids SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Power system dynamics; Power system faults; Power system reliability ID SYSTEM DISTURBANCES; MODEL; DYNAMICS AB We introduce a new microscopic model of the outages in transmission power grids. This model accounts for the automatic response of the grid to load fluctuations that take place on the scale of minutes, when the optimum power flow adjustments and load shedding controls are unavailable. We describe extreme events, initiated by load fluctuations, which cause cascading failures of loads, generators and lines. Our model is quasi-static in the causal, discrete time and sequential resolution of individual failures. The model, in its simplest realization based on the Directed Current description of the power flow problem, is tested on three standard IEEE systems consisting of 30, 39 and 118 buses. Our statistical analysis suggests a straightforward classification of cascading and islanding phases in terms of the ratios between average number of removed loads, generators and links. The analysis also demonstrates sensitivity to variations in line capacities. Future research challenges in modeling and control of cascading outages over real-world power networks are discussed. C1 [Pfitzner, Rene] Univ Jena, Dept Phys, D-6900 Jena, Germany. [Pfitzner, Rene] Los Alamos Natl Lab, New Mexico Consortium & CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Turitsyn, Konstantin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Mech Engn, MIT, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Chertkov, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Pfitzner, R (reprint author), Univ Jena, Dept Phys, D-6900 Jena, Germany. EM rene.pfitzner@uni-jena.de RI Turitsyn, Konstantin/K-5978-2012; Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015 OI Turitsyn, Konstantin/0000-0002-7997-8962; FU ational Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE C52-06NA25396]; NMC via NSF [CCF-0829945]; DTRA [08-D BRCALL08-Per3-D-1-0026] FX We are thankful to all the participants of the Optimization and Control for Smart Grids LDRD DR project at Los Alamos and the Smart Grid Seminar Series at CNLS/LANL, and especially to S. Backhaus and R. Bent, for multiple fruitful discussions and to D. Bienstock for sharing his working notes [11]. Research at LANL was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE C52-06NA25396. RP and MC acknowledge partial support of NMC via NSF collaborative grant CCF-0829945. The work of MC on this project was also partially supported by a DTRA basic research grant under Topic 08-D BRCALL08-Per3-D-1-0026. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469603077 ER PT S AU Rizy, DT Xu, Y Li, HJ Li, FX Irminger, P AF Rizy, D. Tom Xu, Yan Li, Huijuan Li, Fangxing Irminger, Phil GP IEEE TI Volt/Var Control Using Inverter-based Distributed Energy Resources SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Distributed Energy Resources; Volt/Var Control; Reactive Power Control; Inverters; Power Electronics AB Inverter-based distributed energy resource (DR) systems have been designed to provide constant, close to unity power factor and thus do not provide voltage support by producing non-active power in the form of reactive power. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has been working on control schemes to provide variable reactive power which is summarized here. The Distributed Energy Communications & Controls Laboratory (DECC) at ORNL is a unique facility for studying dynamic voltage, active power/non-active power and power factor control from inverter-based DR. DECC interfaces with the ORNL campus distribution system to provide actual power system testing. Using mathematical software tools and DECC, ORNL is developing and testing local, autonomous and adaptive controls for local voltage control and active/non-active power control for inverter-based DR. These control algorithms are being tested using a real-time software and processor system interface to our computer controls interface at DECC. The control aspects of voltage regulation and active/non-active power control using inverter-based DR are discussed and simulation and experimental results from testing are presented. C1 [Rizy, D. Tom; Xu, Yan; Li, Fangxing] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Li, Huijuan; Irminger, Phil] ORAU, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Rizy, DT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rizydt@ornl.gov RI Li, Fangxing/E-6023-2013 OI Li, Fangxing/0000-0003-1060-7618 FU Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05 00OR 22725]; ORNL; University of Tennessee, Knoxville FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05 00OR 22725 with UT-Battelle and conducted at ORNL and the University of Tennessee, Knoxville NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469600132 ER PT S AU Rizy, DT Li, HJ Li, FX Xu, Y Adhikari, S Irminger, P AF Rizy, D. Tom Li, Huijuan Li, Fangxing Xu, Yan Adhikari, Sarina Irminger, Phil GP IEEE TI Impacts of Varying Penetration of Distributed Resources with & without Volt/Var Control: Case Study of Varying Load Types SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Distributed Energy Resources; Reactive Power Control; Volt/Var Control AB This paper provides a follow-up to an earlier one on impacts of distributed energy resources (DR) on distribution feeders. As DR penetration level on the feeder increases, there can be impacts to distribution system/feeder capacity, line losses, and voltage regulation. These can vary as the penetration level reaches the capacity of the distribution feeder/system or loading. The question is how high of a DR level can be accommodated without any major changes to system operation, system design and protection. Our objective for this work was to address the question of how the DR impacts vary in regards to both DR voltage regulation capability and load mix. A dynamic analysis was used to focus on the impacts of DR with and without volt/var control with different load composition on the distribution feeder. The study considered an example 10MVA distribution feeder in which two inverter-based DRs were used to provide voltage regulation. The results due to DR without voltage regulation capability are compared with DR capable of providing local (at its bus) voltage regulation. The analysis was repeated for four different feeder load compositions consisting of (1) constant power, (2) constant impedance, (3) constant current and (4) ZIP (equal combination of the previous three). C1 [Rizy, D. Tom] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Li, Huijuan; Irminger, Phil] ORAU, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Adhikari, Sarina] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Rizy, DT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rizydt@ornl.gov RI Li, Fangxing/E-6023-2013 OI Li, Fangxing/0000-0003-1060-7618 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469600126 ER PT S AU Schneider, KP Fuller, JC Chassin, D AF Schneider, K. P. Fuller, J. C. Chassin, D. GP IEEE TI Evaluating Conservation Voltage Reduction: An Application of GridLAB-D: an Open Source Software Package SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Conservation voltage reduction; distribution system analysis; forward-backward sweep method; load modeling; Newton-Raphson Method; open source; power simulation; power modeling; smart grid AB Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) is the reduction of energy consumption resulting from a reduction of the service voltage. While there have been numerous CVR deployments in North America, there has been little substantive analytic analysis of the effect; the majority of the published results are based on empirical field measurements. Due to the lack of analytic study, it is difficult to determine the impacts of CVR outside of sites that have conducted demonstration projects. This panel paper will examine a framework for the analysis of CVR using the open source software package GridLAB-D. An open source simulation environment is used to highlight the effectiveness of open source software programs and their ability to be used for evaluating multi-disciplinary smart grid technologies. C1 [Schneider, K. P.; Fuller, J. C.; Chassin, D.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Schneider, KP (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. EM kevin.schneider@pnl.gov; jason.fuller@pnl.gov; david.chassin@pnl.gov RI Fuller, Jason/C-9951-2014 OI Fuller, Jason/0000-0002-0462-0093 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469603129 ER PT S AU Singh, R Elizondo, M Lu, S AF Singh, Ruchi Elizondo, Marcelo Lu, Shuai GP IEEE TI A Review of Dynamic Generator Reduction Methods for Transient Stability Studies SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Control aggregation; coherency; dynamic reduction; dynamic equivalents; generator aggregation; model reduction; transient stability ID AGGREGATION; COHERENCY; SYSTEMS; EQUIVALENTS AB Due to the complex interconnected nature of power system, aggregate or reduced system is commonly used by operators and engineers for various power system studies. Transient stability studies need dynamically reduced models to include the dynamic effects of the generating units. Dynamic generator reduction is therefore an important component of power system dynamic reduction. The many different methods for generator reduction in power systems taken from the earliest available literature are discussed. This paper aims to provide an easy reference to researchers interested in exploring dynamic reduction of power systems. C1 [Singh, Ruchi; Elizondo, Marcelo; Lu, Shuai] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Singh, R (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ruchi.singh@pnl.gov; marcelo.elizondo@pnl.gov; shuai.lu@pnl.gov NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469605136 ER PT S AU Singh, R Tuffner, F Fuller, J Schneider, K AF Singh, Ruchi Tuffner, Francis Fuller, Jason Schneider, Kevin GP IEEE TI Effects of Distributed Energy Resources on Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE CVR; distributed energy resources (DER); distributed generation (DG); electric distribution systems; IVVC; renewable generation; volt-var control; photovoltaic (PV); voltage optimization AB Conservation voltage reduction (CVR) is one of the cheapest technologies that can be intelligently leveraged to provide considerable energy savings. The addition of renewables in the form of distributed resources can affect the entire power system, but more importantly, affects the traditional substation control schemes at the distribution level. This paper looks at the effect on energy consumption, peak load reduction, and voltage profile changes caused bu the addition of distributed generation in a distribution feeder using a volt-var control (VVC) technique for CVR with different end-of-line (EOL) measurements. An IEEE 13-node system is used to simulate the various cases. Energy savings and peak load reduction for different simulation scenarios are compared. C1 [Singh, Ruchi; Tuffner, Francis; Fuller, Jason; Schneider, Kevin] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Singh, R (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ruchi.singh@pnl.gov; francis.tuffner@pnl.gov; jason.fuller@pnl.gov; kevin.schneider@pnl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469605053 ER PT S AU Stamp, J Urias, V Richardson, B AF Stamp, Jason Urias, Vince Richardson, Bryan GP IEEE TI Cyber Security Analysis for the Power Grid Using the Virtual Control Systems Environment SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE AB The Virtual Control System Environment (VCSE) is a hybrid simulator that is used to analyze the effects of cyber security vulnerabilities for control systems on the power grid. The VCSE allows a heterogeneous environment of real, emulated, and simulated components which allow the modeler freedom to instantiate components at varying levels of detail necessary for the analysis. Stronger modeling effort can be applied to specific systems under test while the remainder of the environment can be filled in with less labor-intensive elements. The VCSE includes software that federates and automates together capabilities across simulation domains (here, the control system components, their networking, and the power grid). This document introduces the VCSE approach to hybrid simulation of the grid and control systems (compared with other approaches). In particular, the VCSE incorporates one key feature: simulation software and hardware are federated through networking interfaces (both real and virtual). This allows for straightforward system-in-the-loop (SITL) analysis, which is of paramount importance for cyber security analysis, as the failure modes of the system under test depend so strongly on its ensemble characteristics (hardware/ software/configuration/application). The paper also details the existing modeling approaches in VCSE for each major domain of simulation elements at the real/emulated/simulated levels. C1 [Stamp, Jason; Richardson, Bryan] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stamp, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469605133 ER PT S AU Thresher, R AF Thresher, Robert GP IEEE TI A Commercialization Path and Challenges for Marine Hydrokinetic Renewable Energy SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Technologies; Wave Energy; Tidal Energy; Ocean Energy Devices; Marine Energy Technologies AB Marine and hydrokinetic energy can be broadly categorized as wave energy, tidal current, open-ocean current, river current, and ocean thermal gradient. Salinity gradient energy is often included as a form of marine energy. The technologies used to convert these forms of energy to electricity are often referred to collectively as marine hydrokinetic (MHK) energy technologies. This paper will give a brief introduction to MHK technologies and their current status. It will also explore the scientific, technical, and nontechnical challenges and barriers to the wide-spread use of MHK technologies. The challenges and barriers include: 1) siting and permitting barriers, 2) environmental impact research needs, 3) technical research and development issues, 4) policy issues, 5) market development barriers, 6) economic and financial issues, 7) grid integration barriers, and 8) education and workforce training needs. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Thresher, R (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. EM Robert.Thresher@nrel.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469601065 ER PT S AU Ton, DT Wang, WM Wang, WTP AF Ton, Dan T. Wang, W. Maria Wang, W-T. Paul GP IEEE TI Smart Grid R&D by the US Department of Energy to Optimize Distribution Grid Operations SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Energy management; Power distribution; Smart grids AB This paper highlights the U.S. Department of Energy's Smart Grid R&D projects on dynamic optimization of distribution grid operations through integration of advanced sensing, communication, and control technologies. The progress and planned activities of the following programs are discussed: Renewable and Distributed Systems Integration demonstrations, microgrid developments, the Smart Grid Regional Demonstrations, and five new projects from the FY 2010 Smart Grid RD&D Funding Opportunity Announcement. In addition, potential focus areas for the Smart Grid R&D Program in FY 2011 are presented. C1 [Ton, Dan T.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Wang, W. Maria; Wang, W-T. Paul] Energy & Environm Resources Grp LLC, Pittsburgh, PA 15237 USA. RP Ton, DT (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM dan.ton@hq.doe.gov; mariaw@e2rg.com; wang@e2rg.com FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FE000401] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Number DE-FE000401. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469605009 ER PT S AU Tuffner, FK Kintner-Meyer, M AF Tuffner, F. K. Kintner-Meyer, M. GP IEEE TI Using Electric Vehicles to Mitigate Imbalance Requirements Associated with an Increased Penetration of Wind Generation SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE electric vehicle; imbalance requirements; renewable integration; vehicle-to-grid; wind generation ID SYSTEMS AB The integration of variable renewable generation sources continues to be a significant area of focus for power system planning. Renewable portfolio standards and initiatives to reduce the dependency on foreign energy sources drive much of the deployment. Unfortunately, renewable energy generation sources like wind and solar tend to be highly variable in nature. To counter the energy imbalance caused by this variability, wind generation often requires additional balancing resources to compensate for the variability in the electricity production. With the expected electrification of transportation, electric vehicles may offer a new load resource for meeting all, or part, of the imbalance created by the renewable generation. This paper investigates a regulation-services-based battery charging method on a population of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles to meet the power imbalance requirements associated with the introduction of 11 GW of additional wind generation into the Northwest Power Pool. It quantifies the number of vehicles required to meet the imbalance requirements under various charging assumptions. C1 [Tuffner, F. K.; Kintner-Meyer, M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Tuffner, FK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM francis.tuffner@pnl.gov; michael.kintner-meyer@pnl.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469606094 ER PT S AU Vaiman, M Bell, K Chen, Y Chowdhury, B Dobson, I Hines, P Papic, M Miller, S Zhang, P AF Vaiman, M. Bell, K. Chen, Y. Chowdhury, B. Dobson, I. Hines, P. Papic, M. Miller, S. Zhang, P. CA IEEE Comp Analytical Methods CAMS GP IEEE TI Risk Assessment of Cascading Outages: Part I - Overview of Methodologies SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Cascading Failure; Sequential Contingency Analysis; Risk Assessment; Preventing Cascades ID ELECTRIC-POWER SYSTEM; SIMULATION; FAILURES AB This paper is a result of ongoing activity carried out by Understanding, Prediction, Mitigation and Restoration of Cascading Failures Task Force under IEEE Computer Analytical Methods Subcommittee (CAMS). The task force's previous papers are focused on general aspects of cascading outages such as understanding, prediction, prevention and restoration from cascading failures. This is the first of two new papers, which extend this previous work to summarize the state of the art in cascading failure risk analysis methodologies and modeling tools. This paper is intended to be a reference document to summarize the state of the art in the methodologies for performing risk assessment of cascading outages caused by some initiating event(s). A risk assessment should cover the entire potential chain of cascades starting with the initiating event(s) and ending with some final condition(s). However, this is a difficult task and heuristic approaches and approximations have been suggested. This paper discusses different approaches to this and suggests directions for future development of methodologies. The second paper summarizes the state of the art in modeling tools for risk assessment of cascading outages. C1 [Vaiman, M.] V&R Energy Syst Res Inc, Los Angeles, CA 90049 USA. [Bell, K.] Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Chen, Y.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Chowdhury, B.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Dobson, I.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hines, P.] Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Papic, M.] Idaho Power Co, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Miller, S.] Commonwealth Associates Inc, Jackson, MI 49202 USA. [Zhang, P.] EPRI, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Vaiman, M (reprint author), V&R Energy Syst Res Inc, Los Angeles, CA 90049 USA. EM marvaiman@vrenergy.com; keith.bell@eee.strath.ac.uk; Yousu.chen@pnl.gov; bchow@mst.edu; Dobson@engr.wisc.edu; paul.hines@uvm.edu; mpapic@idahopower.com; ssmiller@cai-engr.com; Pzhang@EPRI.com RI Dobson, Ian/C-3989-2008 OI Dobson, Ian/0000-0001-7018-5475 NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469603070 ER PT S AU Wang, QF Wang, JH Guan, YP AF Wang, Qianfan Wang, Jianhui Guan, Yongpei GP IEEE TI Wind Power Bidding Based on Chance-constrained Optimization SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Bidding; Electricity Market; Unit Commitment; Wind Power; Chance-constrained Optimization; Mixed Integer Programming; Sample Average Approximation AB Wind power bidding is critical for wind power producers operations in an electricity market. Due to the uncertainly and variability of wind power output, some markets impose a penalty on the deviation between the wind power bids in the day-ahead market and the real wind power output in the real-time market. The objective of a wind power producers bidding problem is to maximize the producers profit while minimizing the penalty and ensuring the output from its wind farms can be utilized to the largest extent. In this paper, we present a wind power bidding strategy based on chance-constrained optimization. The chance constraint is used to define the probability that certain amount of wind power bid into the market can be accepted. We formulate the problem as a chance-constrained two-stage (CCTS) stochastic optimization program. The second stage represents the many possible realizations of wind power output by scenarios. We also consider pumped-storage hydro power plants as storage to accommodate the fluctuation of wind power. Sample Average Approximation (SAA) is used to solve the problem. Numerical examples are also provided. C1 [Wang, Qianfan; Guan, Yongpei] Univ Florida, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Wang, Jianhui] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Informat & Decis Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, QF (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM qfwang@ufl.edu; jian-hui.wang@anl.gov; guan@ise.ufl.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469603097 ER PT S AU Widergren, S Subbarao, K Chassin, D Fuller, J Pratt, R AF Widergren, S. Subbarao, K. Chassin, D. Fuller, J. Pratt, R. GP IEEE TI Residential Real-time Price Response Simulation SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE power system simulation; power system modeling; agent-based system; market simulation AB The electric industry is gaining experience with innovative price responsive demand pilots and limited roll-outs to customers. One of these pilots is investigating real-time pricing signals to engage end-use systems and local distributed generation and storage in a distributed optimization process. Attractive aspects about the approach include strong scalability characteristics, simplified interfaces between automation devices, and the adaptability to integrate a wide variety of devices and systems. Experience in this nascent field is revealing a rich array of engineering decisions to consider along with the application of complexity theory. To test the decisions, computer simulations are used to reveal insights about design, demand elasticity, and the limits of response (including consumer fatigue). Agent-based approaches lend themselves well in the simulation to modeling the participation and interaction of each piece of equipment on a distribution feeder. This paper discusses rate design and simulation experiences at the distribution feeder level where consumers and their HVAC systems and water heaters on a feeder receive real-time pricing signals. C1 [Widergren, S.; Subbarao, K.; Chassin, D.; Fuller, J.; Pratt, R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Widergren, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM steve.widergren@pnl.gov; kris.subbarao@pnnl.gov; dave.chassin@pnl.gov; jason.fuller@pnl.gov; rob.pratt@pnl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469600078 ER PT S AU Ye, YZ Dong, JY Liu, YL AF Ye, Yanzhu Dong, Jingyuan Liu, Yilu GP IEEE TI Analysis of Power System Disturbances Based on Distribution-level Phasor Measurements SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Frequency Disturbance Recorder (FDR); Frequency Monitoring Network (FNET); wide-area monitoring system (WAMS); power system disturbance AB The Frequency Monitoring Network (FNET) takes GPS-synchronized wide-area measurements in a low-cost, easily deployable manner at the 120V distribution level. It has been monitoring the North American power grid since 2004. Various advanced situational awareness tools have been added using FNET data. Examples include disturbance alert, event location triangulation, oscillation detection, and a number of real-time visualization tools. Power system disturbances characteristics in North American power grid is examined in this paper based on FNET captured events from 2009 to 2010. Further, this paper investigates system dynamics during several major disturbances in Eastern Interconnection and Western Interconnection captured by FNET in 2010. C1 [Ye, Yanzhu; Liu, Yilu] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Liu, Yilu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Ye, YZ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM yye2@utk.edu; Jingyuan.Dong@us.ngrid.com; liu@utk.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469605045 ER PT S AU Ye, YZ Gardner, RM Liu, YL AF Ye, Yanzhu Gardner, R. Matthew Liu, Yilu GP IEEE TI Oscillation Analysis in Western Interconnection Using Distribution-Level Phasor Measurements SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Inter-area oscillation; WECC; mode shape; FNET; WAMS; Matrix Pencil ID MATRIX PENCIL; SYSTEM; IDENTIFICATION; SIGNALS AB This paper reports results from analysis of low-frequency oscillation monitoring on the Western Interconnection of the North American power system from a distribution-level phasor monitoring network (FNET). Some examples of oscillation characteristics excited by various disturbances are discussed using real measurements taken in 2010. The Matrix Pencil method is used for oscillation modal analysis. Analysis results provide a dynamic profile of inter-area mode distribution in the Western Interconnection. Results from this study generally agree with earlier observations. C1 [Ye, Yanzhu] Univ Tennessee, Min Kao Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Gardner, R. Matthew; Liu, Yilu] Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Ye, YZ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Min Kao Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM yye2@utk.edu; matthew.gardner@dom.com; liu@utk.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469602102 ER PT S AU Zhang, Y Chen, L Ye, YZ Markham, P Bank, J Dong, JY Yuan, ZY Lin, ZZ Liu, YL AF Zhang, Ye Chen, Lang Ye, Yanzhu Markham, Penn Bank, Jason Dong, Jingyuan Yuan, Zhiyong Lin, Zhenzhi Liu, Yilu GP IEEE TI Visualization of Wide Area Measurement Information from the FNET System SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE data visualization; frequency disturbance recorder (FDR); frequency monitoring network (FNET); real-time monitoring; post event analysis; oscillation; mode shape AB Analysis of power system dynamics helps to understand the operation of a power system. Therefore, it is significant to design and develop advanced visualization tools to interpret frequency, voltage magnitude, and phase angle information so that it can be presented to the operators in an intuitive manner. On the basis of the measurement data collected by widely-distributed frequency disturbance recorders (FDRs), visualization tools have been implemented for the FNET system. A number of FNET visualization tools are discussed in this paper, including real-time visualization, animated event replay, visualization of oscillation mode analysis and visualization of propagation effects in two dimensional systems. These tools correlate the FDR measurements with their corresponding geographical information, and transform the combined matrices into different graphic formats using various computer techniques and programming languages. The graphics generated by these tools facilitate power system operation by allowing an operator to monitor power system dynamics, perform post-event analysis and identify modal oscillations more efficiently. C1 [Zhang, Ye; Chen, Lang; Ye, Yanzhu; Markham, Penn; Lin, Zhenzhi; Liu, Yilu] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Bank, Jason] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80403 USA. [Dong, Jingyuan] Natl Grid planning dept, Golden, CO 80403 USA. [Yuan, Zhiyong] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM yzhang86@utk.edu; lchen20@utk.edu; yye2@utk.edu; markham@utk.edu; jbank@vt.edu; Jingyuan.Dong@us.ngrid.com; yuanzy97@gmail.com; zlin4@utk.edu; liu@utk.edu FU University of Tennessee; National Science Foundation FX The authors would like to thank all the FDR host universities, companies, high schools and individuals in the United States and Canada. Without them, this work would not be possible. This work was supported in part by the start-up fund from The University of Tennessee, The National Science Foundation, The PSRC industry members (AEP, PJM, First Energy, ISO-NE, NYISO), TVA, MISO, EPRI, and the FNET Industry Consortium members. The prior contributions of the many Virginia Tech faculty and students are also acknowledged. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469604121 ER PT S AU Zhou, N Huang, ZY Tuffner, F Trudnowski, D Mittelstadt, W AF Zhou, Ning Huang, Zhenyu Tuffner, Francis Trudnowski, Daniel Mittelstadt, William GP IEEE TI A Modified Stepwise Linear Regression Method for Estimating Modal Sensitivity SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Low frequency oscillation; modal sensitivity study; phasor measurement; power system operation; power system parameter estimation; small signal stability ID POWER-SYSTEMS; OSCILLATIONS AB Small signal stability problems are one of the major threats to grid stability and reliability. Low damping of inter area modes is usually considered to be a result of heavy power transfer over long distances. This paper proposes a modified stepwise regression method to estimate the modal sensitivity with respect to power flow on the transmission lines based on measurement. This sensitivity is used to identify dominant transmission lines, whose power flow has significant influence on the inter-area modal damping. It is shown through simulation study that the proposed method can effectively estimate the modal sensitivity with respect to line power flow. This, in turn, provides insight on how to improve damping through adjusting tie line flow. C1 [Zhou, Ning; Huang, Zhenyu; Tuffner, Francis] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Trudnowski, Daniel] Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Butte, MT 59701 USA. [Mittelstadt, William] Bonneville Power Adm, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Zhou, N (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ning.zhou@pnl.gov; zhenyu.huang@pnl.gov; francis.tuffner@pnl.gov; dtrudnowski@mtech.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy; California Energy Commission through its Public Interest Energy Research [TRP-08-08]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This paper was prepared as a result of work sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy through its Transmission Reliability Program and by the California Energy Commission through its Public Interest Energy Research Program under contract No. TRP-08-08. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469605140 ER PT S AU Zhou, Z Wang, JH Botterud, A AF Zhou, Zhi Wang, Jianhui Botterud, Audun GP IEEE TI Agent-based Electricity Market Simulation with Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Penetration SO 2011 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 24-28, 2011 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), IEEE DE Agent-based Modeling and Simulation; electricity market; plug-in hybrid electrcity vehicle (PHEV) AB In this paper, we simulate an electricity market with PHEV penetration by using agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS). We model the PHEV users as agents which have unique decision making processes to plan their daily trips and determine their charging schedules. Moreover, we study the impact of different PHEV penetration levels on the power system. The electricity demand from PHEVs is supplied by the electricity market. Based on the simulation model, we observe the PHEV owners' payment and investigate the relation to different market structures. C1 [Zhou, Zhi; Wang, Jianhui; Botterud, Audun] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhou, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zzhou@anl.gov; jianhui.wang@anl.gov; abotterud@anl.gov RI Zhou, Zhi/D-2168-2009 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4577-1001-8 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2011 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BXX66 UT WOS:000297469605131 ER PT S AU Quinn, H Graham, P Fairbanks, T AF Quinn, Heather Graham, Paul Fairbanks, Tom GP IEEE TI SEEs Induced by High-Energy Protons and Neutrons in SDRAM SO 2011 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW) SE IEEE Radiation Effect Data Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW)/IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 25-29, 2011 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB In this paper, we will present results from testing commercially-available synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) in high-energy protons and neutrons. Broad spectrum neutron tests were conducted at Los Alamos National Laboratory's Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) Irradiation of Chips and Electronics (ICE) House in October 2010. Mono-energetic proton tests were conducted at the Massachusetts General Hospital Burr Center in May 2011. C1 [Quinn, Heather; Graham, Paul; Fairbanks, Tom] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Space & Response Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Quinn, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Space & Response Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hquinn@lanl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0535 BN 978-1-4577-1283-8 J9 IEEE RAD EFFECT PY 2011 BP 164 EP 168 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYJ79 UT WOS:000299051900026 ER PT S AU Michalak, SE DuBois, AJ Storlie, CB Quinn, HM Rust, WN DuBois, DH Modl, DG Manuzzato, A Blanchard, SP AF Michalak, Sarah E. DuBois, Andrew J. Storlie, Curtis B. Quinn, Heather M. Rust, William N. DuBois, David H. Modl, David G. Manuzzato, Andrea Blanchard, Sean P. GP IEEE TI Neutron Beam Testing of High Performance Computing Hardware SO 2011 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW) SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW)/48th IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 25-29, 2011 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Radiat Effects Comm DE Soft error; single event effect; silent data corruption; neutron beam testing; cross-section ID DEVICES AB Microprocessor-based systems are the most common design for high-performance computing (HPC) platforms. In these systems, several thousands of microprocessors can participate in a single calculation that could take weeks or months to complete. When used in this manner, a fault in any of the microprocessors could cause the computation to crash or cause silent data corruption (SDC), i.e. computationally incorrect results. In recent years, neutron-induced failures in HPC hardware have been observed, and researchers have started to study how neutron radiation affects microprocessor-based scientific computations. This paper presents results from an accelerated neutron test focusing on two microprocessors used in Roadrunner, the first Petaflop system. C1 [Michalak, Sarah E.; Storlie, Curtis B.; Rust, William N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [DuBois, Andrew J.; DuBois, David H.; Modl, David G.; Blanchard, Sean P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sys Integrat Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Quinn, Heather M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Data Sys Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Manuzzato, Andrea] Univ Padua, Padua, Italy. RP Michalak, SE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM micha-lak@lanl.gov; ajd@lanl.gov; storlie@lanl.gov; hquinn@lanl.gov; wnr@lanl.gov; dhd@lanl.gov; digem@lanl.goc; andrea.manuzzato@ieee.org; seanb@lanl.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0519 BN 978-1-4577-1283-8 J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS PY 2011 BP 169 EP 176 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYJ79 UT WOS:000299051900027 ER PT S AU Ma, X Olama, MM Djouadi, SM Charalambous, CD AF Ma, Xiao Olama, Mohammed M. Djouadi, Seddik M. Charalambous, Charalambos D. GP IEEE TI Estimation and Identification of Time-Varying Long-Term Fading Channels via the Particle Filter and the EM Algorithm SO 2011 IEEE RADIO AND WIRELESS SYMPOSIUM (RWS) SE IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS) CY JAN 16-19, 2011 CL Phoenix, AR SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc (ComSoc), IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc (MTT-S), IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc (APS), IEEE Vehicle Tech Soc (VTS) DE Long-term fading; particle filter; EM algorithm ID PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; EQUATIONS; TRACKING AB In this paper, we are concerned with the estimation and identification of time-varying wireless long-term fading channels. The dynamics of the fading channels are captured using a mean-reverting linear stochastic differential equation driven by a Brownian motion. Recursive estimation and identification algorithms solely from received signal strength data are developed. These algorithms are based on combining the particle filter (PF) with the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm that estimate and identify the power path-loss of the channel and its parameters, respectively. Numerical results are provided to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed algorithms. C1 [Ma, Xiao; Djouadi, Seddik M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept EECS, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Olama, Mohammed M.] CSED, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Charalambous, Charalambos D.] Univ Cyprus, Dept ECE, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus. RP Ma, X (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept EECS, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI , Charalambos D./0000-0002-2168-0231 FU UTBattelle; LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This paper has been co-authored by employees of UTBattelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-2958 BN 978-1-4244-7685-5 J9 IEEE RADIO WIRELESS PY 2011 BP 13 EP 16 DI 10.1109/RWS.2011.5725492 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYM97 UT WOS:000299393600005 ER PT J AU Parrish, N Gupta, MR Anderson, HS AF Parrish, Nathan Gupta, Maya R. Anderson, Hyrum S. GP IEEE TI ROBUST CLASSIFICATION OF SIGNAL ESTIMATES GIVEN A CHANNEL MODEL SO 2011 IEEE STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Statistical Signal Processing Workshop (SSP) CY JUN 28-30, 2011 CL Nice, FRANCE SP IEEE DE Classification algorithms; machine learning algorithms; signal processing algorithms; multipath channels AB In many signal processing applications, a signal to be classified has been corrupted by a channel and additive noise. A standard approach is to estimate the clean signal, then classify it. We consider two robust approaches that account for the estimation procedure. The first approach is an application of the MAP rule for noisy features, and the second is an approach for discriminative classifiers that treats that training points as random. An experiment confirms that the robust approaches offer performance gains. C1 [Parrish, Nathan; Gupta, Maya R.] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Anderson, Hyrum S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. RP Parrish, N (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-0570-0 PY 2011 BP 273 EP 276 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYF18 UT WOS:000298377500069 ER PT J AU Anderson, HS Gupta, MR AF Anderson, Hyrum S. Gupta, Maya R. GP IEEE TI EXPECTED KERNEL FOR MISSING FEATURES IN SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES SO 2011 IEEE STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Statistical Signal Processing Workshop (SSP) CY JUN 28-30, 2011 CL Nice, FRANCE SP IEEE DE missing features; support vector machine; kernel; expected kernel AB The expected kernel for missing features is introduced and applied to training a support vector machine. The expected kernel is a measure of the mean similarity with respect to the distribution of the missing features. We compare the expected kernel SVM with the robust second-order cone program (SOCP) SVM, which accounts for missing kernel values by estimating the mean and covariance of missing similarities. Further, we extend the SOCP SVM to utilize the expected kernel by deriving the expected kernel variance. Results show that the expected kernel-used with a traditional SVM solver-shows competitive performance on benchmark datasets to the SOCP SVM at a far-reduced computational burden. C1 [Anderson, Hyrum S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Data Anal & Exploitat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Gupta, Maya R.] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Anderson, HS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Data Anal & Exploitat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-0570-0 PY 2011 BP 285 EP 288 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYF18 UT WOS:000298377500072 ER PT B AU Yoginath, SB Perumalla, KS AF Yoginath, Srikanth B. Perumalla, Kalyan S. GP IEEE TI Efficiently Scheduling Multi-core Guest Virtual Machines on Multi-core Hosts in Network Simulation SO 2011 IEEE WORKSHOP ON PRINCIPLES OF ADVANCED AND DISTRIBUTED SIMULATION (PADS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th ACM/IEEE/SCS Workshop on Principles of Advanced and Distributed Simulation (PADS) CY JUN 14-17, 2011 CL Nice, FRANCE SP ACM, IEEE, SCS, IEEE Comp Soc DE Virtual Machines; Virtual Clocks; Scheduling; Hypervisors; Network Simulation; Network Emulation AB Virtual machine (VM)-based simulation is a method used by network simulators to incorporate realistic application behaviors by executing actual VMs as high-fidelity surrogates for simulated end-hosts. A critical requirement in such a method is the simulation time-ordered scheduling and execution of the VMs. Prior approaches such as time dilation are less efficient due to the high degree of multiplexing possible when multiple multi-core VMs are simulated on multi-core host systems. We present a new simulation time-ordered scheduler to efficiently schedule multi-core VMs on multi-core real hosts, with a virtual clock realized on each virtual core. The distinguishing features of our approach are: (1) customizable granularity of the VM scheduling time unit on the simulation time axis, (2) ability to take arbitrary leaps in virtual time by VMs to maximize the utilization of host (real) cores when guest virtual cores idle, and (3) empirically determinable optimality in the tradeoff between total execution (real) time and time-ordering accuracy levels. Experiments show that it is possible to get nearly perfect time-ordered execution, with a slight cost in total run time, relative to optimized non-simulation VM schedulers. Interestingly, with our time-ordered scheduler, it is also possible to reduce the time-ordering error from over 50% of non-simulation scheduler to less than 1% realized by our scheduler, with almost the same run time efficiency as that of the highly efficient non-simulation VM schedulers. C1 [Yoginath, Srikanth B.; Perumalla, Kalyan S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Yoginath, SB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM yoginathsb@ornl.gov; perumallaks@ornl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-1366-8 PY 2011 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BYC78 UT WOS:000297996600016 ER PT J AU Riley, DM Venayagamoorthy, GK AF Riley, Daniel M. Venayagamoorthy, Ganesh K. GP IEEE TI Characterization and Modeling of a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Using a Recurrent Neural Network SO 2011 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2011 CL San Jose, CA SP Int Neural Network Soc (INNS), IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc (CIS), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Cognimem Technol, Inc, Univ Cincinnati Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Toyota Res Inst N Amer, Univ Cincinnati, Sch Elect & Compu Syst ID PERFORMANCE AB Photovoltaic (PV) system modeling is used throughout the photovoltaic industry for the prediction of PV system output under a given set of weather conditions. PV system modeling has a wide range of uses including: pre-purchase comparisons of PV system components, system health monitoring, and payback (return on investment) times. In order to adequately model a PV system, the system must be characterized to establish the relationship between given weather inputs (e.g., irradiance, spectrum, temperature) and desired system outputs (e.g., AC power, module temperature). Traditional approaches to system characterization involve characterizing and modeling each component in a PV system and forming a system model by successively using component models. This paper lays the groundwork for using a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to characterize and model an entire PV system without the need to characterize or model the individual system components. Input/output relationships are "learned" by the RNN using measured system performance data and correlated weather data. Thus, this method for characterizing and modeling PV systems is useful for existing PV system installations with several weeks of correlated system performance and weather data. C1 [Riley, Daniel M.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Venayagamoorthy, Ganesh K.] Univ Missouri, Real Time Power & Intelligent Syst Lab, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Riley, DM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM driley@sandia.gov; gkumar@ieee.org FU Sandia National Laboratories Photovoltaic Systems; Grid Integration organization FX Data for this project was provided by Sandia National Laboratories Photovoltaic Systems and Grid Integration organization. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9636-5 PY 2011 BP 1761 EP 1766 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BXX80 UT WOS:000297541201124 ER PT J AU Vineyard, CM Verzi, SJ Bernard, ML Taylor, SE Shaneyfelt, WL Dubicka, I McClain, JT Caudell, TP AF Vineyard, Craig M. Verzi, Stephen J. Bernard, Michael L. Taylor, Shawn E. Shaneyfelt, Wendy L. Dubicka, Irene McClain, Jonathan T. Caudell, Thomas P. GP IEEE TI A Neurophysiologically Inspired Hippocampus Based Associative-ART Artificial Neural Network Architecture SO 2011 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2011 CL San Jose, CA SP Int Neural Network Soc (INNS), IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc (CIS), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Cognimem Technol, Inc, Univ Cincinnati Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Toyota Res Inst N Amer, Univ Cincinnati, Sch Elect & Compu Syst ID MEMORY; CORTICES; MONKEY; SYSTEM; CODES AB Hippocampus within medial temporal lobe of the brain is essentially involved in episodic memory formation. Rather than simply being a mechanism of storing information, episodic memory associates information such as the spatial and temporal context of an event. Using hippocampus neurophysiology and functionality as an inspiration, we have developed an artificial neural network architecture called Associative-ART to associate k-tuples of inputs. In this paper we present an overview of hippocampus neurophysiology, explain the design of our neural network architecture, and present experimental results from an implementation of our architecture. C1 [Vineyard, Craig M.; Verzi, Stephen J.; Bernard, Michael L.; Taylor, Shawn E.; Shaneyfelt, Wendy L.; Dubicka, Irene; McClain, Jonathan T.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Caudell, Thomas P.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Vineyard, CM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM cmviney@sandia.gov; siverzi@sandia.gov; mlberna@sandia.gov; setaylo@sandia.gov; wlshane@sandia.gov; idubick@sandia.gov; jtmccl@sandia.gov; tpc@ece.unm.edu FU Sandia National Laboratories FX This research was possible in part by LDRD program support from Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation,awholly owned subsidary of Lockheed Martin corporation, for the U.S Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administrantion under contract DE-AC04-94AL8500. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9636-5 PY 2011 BP 2100 EP 2105 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BXX80 UT WOS:000297541202036 ER PT J AU Ji, ZP Huang, WT Kenyon, G Bettencourt, LMA AF Ji, Zhengping Huang, Wentao Kenyon, Garrett Bettencourt, Luis M. A. GP IEEE TI Hierarchical Discriminative Sparse Coding via Bidirectional Connections SO 2011 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 2011 CL San Jose, CA SP Int Neural Network Soc (INNS), IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc (CIS), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Cognimem Technol, Inc, Univ Cincinnati Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Toyota Res Inst N Amer, Univ Cincinnati, Sch Elect & Compu Syst ID RECEPTIVE-FIELDS; NATURAL SCENES; REPRESENTATION; DICTIONARIES; ALGORITHM; CORTEX; NEURONS; IMAGES; CODE AB Conventional sparse coding learns optimal dictionaries of feature bases to approximate input signals; however, it is not favorable to classify the inputs. Recent research has focused on building discriminative sparse coding models to facilitate the classification tasks. In this paper, we develop a new discriminative sparse coding model via bidirectional flows. Sensory inputs (from bottom-up) and discriminative signals (supervised from top-down) are propagated through a hierarchical network to form sparse representations at each level. The l(0)-constrained sparse coding model allows highly efficient online learning and does not require iterative steps to reach a fixed point of the sparse representation. The introduction of discriminative top-down information flows helps to group reconstructive features belonging to the same class and thus to benefit the classification tasks. Experiments are conducted on multiple data sets including natural images, handwritten digits and 3-D objects with favorable results. Compared with unsupervised sparse coding via only bottom-up directions, the two-way discriminative approach improves the recognition performance significantly. C1 [Ji, Zhengping; Bettencourt, Luis M. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret T 5, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Huang, Wentao; Kenyon, Garrett] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Ji, ZP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret T 5, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM jizhengp@gmail.com; hwtsch@gmail.com; garkenyon@gmail.com; lmbettencourt@gmail.com NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9636-5 PY 2011 BP 2844 EP 2851 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BXX80 UT WOS:000297541202143 ER PT S AU Ma, BH Narayanan, M Liu, SS Chao, S Balachandran, U AF Ma, Beihai Narayanan, Manoj Liu, Shanshan Chao, Sheng Balachandran, U. (Balu) GP IEEE TI Ferroelectric PLZT Films Grown on Metal Foils for Power Electronics Applications SO 2011 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS (ISAF/PFM) AND 2011 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PIEZORESPONSE FORCE MICROSCOPY AND NANOSCALE PHENOMENA IN POLAR MATERIALS SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (ISAF/PFM)/ International Symposium on Piezoresponse Force Microscopy and Nanoscale Phenomena in Polar Materials CY JUL 24-27, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE DE Ferroelectricity; ceramic film; capacitor; PLZT; dielectric property; breakdown strength AB Ceramic films of high permittivity and breakdown strength are critical to advanced power electronic devices. We have grown ferroelectric films of lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) on base metal foils by chemical solution deposition. We measured a dielectric constant of approximate to 700 and dielectric loss of approximate to 0.07 at -50 degrees C and a dielectric constant of approximate to 2200 and dielectric loss of approximate to 0.06 at 150 degrees C. At room temperature, we measured a leakage current density of approximate to 6.6 x 10(-9) A/cm(2), mean breakdown strength of 2.6 MV/cm, and energy density >85 J/cm(3). Highly accelerated lifetime testing (HALT) was performed to determine the reliability of these PLZT film-on-foil capacitors under high temperature and high field stress conditions. Samples were exposed to temperatures ranging from 100 to 150 degrees C and electric fields ranging from 8.7 x 10(5) V/cm to 1.3 x 10(6) V/cm during HALT. The breakdown behavior of the samples was evaluated by Weibull analysis. The mean time to failure, >3000 h, was projected at 100 degrees C with a dc electric field of approximate to 2.6 x 10(5) V/cm. C1 [Ma, Beihai; Narayanan, Manoj; Liu, Shanshan; Chao, Sheng; Balachandran, U. (Balu)] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ma, BH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Liu, Shanshan/A-6143-2012; Narayanan, Manoj/A-4622-2011; Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4577-1161-9 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BWZ36 UT WOS:000295404500047 ER PT S AU Tan, K Yan, GH Yeo, J Kotz, D AF Tan, Keren Yan, Guanhua Yeo, Jihwang Kotz, David GP IEEE TI Privacy Analysis of User Association Logs in a Large-scale Wireless LAN SO 2011 PROCEEDINGS IEEE INFOCOM SE IEEE INFOCOM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE INFOCOM Conference CY APR 10-15, 2011 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE ID MOBILITY AB User association logs play an important role in wireless network research. One concern of sharing such logs with other researchers, however, is that they pose potential privacy risks for the network users. Today, the common practice in sanitizing these logs before releasing them to the public is to anonymize users' sensitive information, such as their devices' MAC addresses and their exact association locations. In this work, we aim to study whether such sanitization measures are sufficient to protect user privacy. By simulating an adversary's role, we propose a novel type of correlation attack in which the adversary uses the anonymized association log to build signatures against each user, and when combined with auxiliary information, such signatures can help to identify users within the anonymized log. Using a user association log that contains more than four thousand users and millions of association records, we demonstrate that this attack technique, under certain circumstances, is able to pinpoint the victim's identity exactly with a probability as high as 70%, or narrow it down to a set of 20 candidates with a probability close to 100%. We further evaluate the effectiveness of standard anonymization techniques, including generalization and perturbation, in mitigating correlation attacks; our experimental results reveal only limited success of these methods, suggesting that more thorough treatment is needed when anonymizing wireless user association logs before public release. C1 [Tan, Keren; Yeo, Jihwang; Kotz, David] Dartmouth Coll, ISTS, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Yan, Guanhua] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS 3, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Tan, K (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, ISTS, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security [2006-CS-00100000]; Dartmouth College; National Science Foundation [CNS-0831409] FX This paper results from a research program in the Institute for Security, Technology, and Society (ISTS), supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security under Grant Award Number 2006-CS-00100000, and by the NetSANI project at Dartmouth College, funded by Award CNS-0831409 from the National Science Foundation. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security or the National Science Foundation. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-166X BN 978-1-4244-9921-2 J9 IEEE INFOCOM SER PY 2011 BP 31 EP 35 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BXX58 UT WOS:000297374700007 ER PT B AU Dixon, B AF Dixon, Brent BE Kocaoglu, DF Anderson, TR Daim, TU TI Metrics Evolution in an Energy Research & Development Program SO 2011 PROCEEDINGS OF PICMET 11: TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT IN THE ENERGY-SMART WORLD (PICMET) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET) Conference on Technology Management in the Energy-Smart World CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2011 CL Portland, OR SP Portland State Univ, Maseeh Coll Engn & Comp Sci, Dept Engn & Technol Management, Portland State Univ, Off Informat Technol, IKON Off Solut AB All technology programs progress through three phases: Discovery, Definition, and Deployment. The form and application of program metrics needs to evolve with each phase. During the discovery phase, the program determines what is achievable. A set of tools is needed to define program goals, to analyze credible technical options, and to ensure that the options are compatible and meet the program objectives. A metrics system that scores the potential performance of technical options is part of this system of tools, supporting screening of concepts and aiding in the overall definition of objectives. During the definition phase, the program defines what specifically is wanted. What is achievable is translated into specific systems and specific technical options are selected and optimized. A metrics system can help with the identification of options for optimization and the selection of the option for deployment. During the deployment phase, the program shows that the selected system works. Demonstration projects are established and classical systems engineering is employed. During this phase, the metrics communicate system performance. This paper discusses an approach to metrics evolution within the Department of Energy's Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research & Development Program, which is working to improve the sustainability of nuclear energy. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Dixon, B (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-890843-23-6 PY 2011 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BYF23 UT WOS:000298384400212 ER PT J AU Iskin, I Callahan, J Vowles, M Fedie, R AF Iskin, Ibrahim Callahan, Jack Vowles, Mira Fedie, Ryan BE Kocaoglu, DF Anderson, TR Daim, TU TI Variable Capacity Heat Pump Program Development Roadmap SO 2011 PROCEEDINGS OF PICMET 11: TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT IN THE ENERGY-SMART WORLD (PICMET) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET) Conference on Technology Management in the Energy-Smart World CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2011 CL Portland, OR SP Portland State Univ, Maseeh Coll Engn & Comp Sci, Dept Engn & Technol Management, Portland State Univ, Off Informat Technol, IKON Off Solut AB This roadmap effort is a continuum of Northwest Energy Efficiency Technology Roadmap pursued by Bonneville Power Administration with the engagement of twenty collaborating organizations [1]. Purpose of this roadmap is to explore adoption barriers and drivers associated with diffusion of variable capacity heat pump technology, and facilitate a regional consortium towards developing an energy efficiency program in the case of Northwest U. S. Adoption barriers have been observed to group under the names; contractor, designer and owner related unfamiliarity; difficulty in measure development and incentive programs, lack of information in savings and measure cost effectiveness, conflicting incentives and codes/standards. Policy tools and necessary action items have been developed to address specified issues by considering relevant regional efforts in attempt to prevent duplicating the efforts already underway elsewhere. C1 [Iskin, Ibrahim; Fedie, Ryan] Portland State Univ, Engn & Technol Management Dept, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Iskin, Ibrahim; Callahan, Jack; Vowles, Mira; Fedie, Ryan] Bonneville Power Adm, US Dept Energy, Portland, OR USA. RP Iskin, I (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Engn & Technol Management Dept, Portland, OR 97207 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-890843-23-6 PY 2011 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BYF23 UT WOS:000298384400051 ER EF