FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Gallagher, TL
Arribere, J
Adkar, S
Marr, H
Dill, K
Garnett, A
Amacher, S
Conboy, J
AF Gallagher, Thomas L.
Arribere, Joshua
Adkar, Shaunak
Marr, Henry
Dill, Kariena
Garnett, Aaron
Amacher, Sharon
Conboy, John
TI Fox1 and Fox4 regulate muscle-specific splicing in zebrafish and are
required for cardiac and skeletal muscle functions
SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 69th Annual Meeting of the
Society-for-Developmental-Biology/Japanese-Society-of-Developmental-Biol
ogists
CY AUG 05-09, 2010
CL Albuquerque, NM
SP Soc Dev Biol, Japanese Soc Dev Biologists
C1 [Gallagher, Thomas L.; Arribere, Joshua; Adkar, Shaunak; Marr, Henry] LBNL, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA.
[Arribere, Joshua; Adkar, Shaunak; Marr, Henry; Dill, Kariena; Garnett, Aaron; Amacher, Sharon; Conboy, John] UC Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0012-1606
J9 DEV BIOL
JI Dev. Biol.
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 344
IS 1
MA 269
BP 491
EP 492
DI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.05.432
PG 2
WC Developmental Biology
SC Developmental Biology
GA 632LO
UT WOS:000280426400300
ER
PT J
AU Palguta, J
Schubert, G
Travis, BJ
AF Palguta, Jennifer
Schubert, Gerald
Travis, Bryan J.
TI Fluid flow and chemical alteration in carbonaceous chondrite parent
bodies
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE meteorites; meteorite composition; asteroids; geochemical modeling
ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; AQUEOUS ALTERATION;
CI CHONDRITES; TAGISH LAKE; CM; WATER; TRANSPORT; EVOLUTION; MINERALS
AB Carbonaceous chondrites are a class of primitive meteorites that likely represent early solar system materials, thus providing critical insights about planetary evolution. However, evidence shows that they have undergone considerable processing. Elucidating the complex formation history of aqueously altered chondrite groups has been a principal objective of cosmochemistry. Fulfilling this objective requires understanding the nature of the water-rock interactions involved. Many current alteration models are generally founded upon an assumption of uniform alteration in a closed system. In these models, different chondrite groups must originate on separate parent bodies. Contrary to this common view, we show that chondrite data are consistent with non-uniform alteration in a convecting system so that multiple chondrite groups can form within a single body. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Palguta, Jennifer; Schubert, Gerald] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Schubert, Gerald] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Travis, Bryan J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Palguta, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM jpalguta@usgs.gov; schubert@ucla.edu; bjtravis@lanl.gov
FU NASA [NNX09AP29G]; LANL IGPP office
FX JP and GS acknowledge support from NASA Outer Planets grant NNX09AP29G.
BJT would like to thank the LANL IGPP office for partial support.
NR 72
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT
JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 296
IS 3-4
BP 235
EP 243
DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.05.003
PG 9
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 638ZJ
UT WOS:000280940300007
ER
PT J
AU Lee, VE
DePaolo, DJ
Christensen, JN
AF Lee, Victoria E.
DePaolo, Donald J.
Christensen, John N.
TI Uranium-series comminution ages of continental sediments: Case study of
a Pleistocene alluvial fan
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE isotope geochemistry; U-series isotopes; sediment; geochronology;
Quaternary; Sierra Nevada
ID SURFACE FRACTAL DIMENSION; CHEMICAL-WEATHERING RATES;
ADSORPTION-ISOTHERM; POROUS MATERIALS; DECAY SERIES; RIVER; AREA;
DISSOLUTION; TRANSPORT; ISOTOPES
AB Obtaining quantitative information about the timescales associated with sediment transport, storage, and deposition in continental settings is important but challenging. The uranium-series comminution age method potentially provides a universal approach for direct dating of Quaternary detrital sediments, and can also provide estimates of the sediment transport and storage timescales. (The word "comminution" means "to reduce to powder," reflecting the start of the comminution age clock as reduction of lithic parent material below a critical grain size threshold of similar to 50 mu m.) To test the comminution age method as a means to date continental sediments, we applied the method to drill-core samples of the glacially-derived Kings River Fan alluvial deposits in central California. Sediments from the 45 m core have independently-estimated depositional ages of up to similar to 800 ka, based on paleomagnetism and correlations to nearby dated sediments. We characterized sequentially-leached core samples (both bulk sediment and grain size separates) for U, Nd, and Sr isotopes, grain size, surface texture, and mineralogy. In accordance with the comminution age model, where (234)U is partially lost from small sediment grains due to alpha recoil, we found that ((234)U/(238)U) activity ratios generally decrease with age, depth, and specific surface area, with depletions of up to 9% relative to radioactive equilibrium. The resulting calculated comminution ages are reasonable, although they do not exactly match age estimates from previous studies and also depend on assumptions about (234)U loss rates. The results indicate that the method may be a significant addition to the sparse set of available tools for dating detrital continental sediments, following further refinement. Improving the accuracy of the method requires more advanced models or measurements for both the recoil loss factor f(alpha) and weathering effects. We discuss several independent methods for obtaining f(alpha) on individual samples that may be useful for future studies. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Lee, Victoria E.; DePaolo, Donald J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[DePaolo, Donald J.; Christensen, John N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Lee, VE (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PR, England.
EM victoria.lee@earth.ox.ac.uk; depaolo@eps.berkeley.edu;
JNChristensen@lbl.gov
RI Christensen, John/D-1475-2015
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-0617744]; Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory UEPP; Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy
Sciences [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX We thank Shaun Brown, Evan Kha, Tom Owens, and Tim Teague for laboratory
and technical assistance. Graham Fogg (UC Davis) granted access to
samples from KRF core B5, and Bill Dietrich provided comments and
allowed us the use of the Coulter particle sizer. We are also grateful
for comments from two anonymous reviewers. Funding for this project was
provided by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant EAR-0617744,
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory UEPP, and an NSF Graduate
Research Fellowship to V. Lee. The work was also facilitated by support
from the Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences under
contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
NR 61
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 22
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT
JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 296
IS 3-4
BP 244
EP 254
DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.05.005
PG 11
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 638ZJ
UT WOS:000280940300008
ER
PT J
AU Ogliore, RC
Butterworth, AL
Fakra, SC
Gainsforth, Z
Marcus, MA
Westphal, AJ
AF Ogliore, R. C.
Butterworth, A. L.
Fakra, S. C.
Gainsforth, Z.
Marcus, M. A.
Westphal, A. J.
TI Comparison of the oxidation state of Fe in comet 81P/Wild 2 and
chondritic-porous interplanetary dust particles
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE comet 81P/Wild 2; interplanetary dust particles; XANES; Jupiter-family
comets
ID EARLY SOLAR-SYSTEM; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; STARDUST; MICROMETEORITES;
AEROGEL; GRAINS; EXTRACTION; MINERALOGY; SEDIMENTS; CAPTURE
AB The fragile structure of chondritic-porous interplanetary dust particles (CP-IDPs) and their minimal parent-body alteration have led researchers to believe these particles originate in comets rather than asteroids where aqueous and thermal alterations have occurred. The solar elemental abundances and atmospheric entry speed of CP-IDPs also suggest a cometary origin. With the return of the Stardust samples from Jupiter-family comet 81P/Wild 2, this hypothesis can be tested. We have measured the Fe oxidation state of 15 CP-IDPs and 194 Stardust fragments using a synchrotron-based x-ray microprobe. We analyzed similar to 300 ng of Wild 2 material three orders of magnitude more material than other analyses comparing Wild 2 and CP-IDPs. The Fe oxidation state of these two samples of material are >2 sigma different: the CP-IDPs are more oxidized than the Wild 2 grains. We conclude that comet Wild 2 contains material that formed at a lower oxygen fugacity than the parent-body, or parent bodies, of CP-IDPs. If all Jupiter-family comets are similar, they do not appear to be consistent with the origin of CP-IDPs. However, comets that formed from a different mix of nebular material and are more oxidized than Wild 2 could be the source of CP-IDPs. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ogliore, R. C.; Butterworth, A. L.; Gainsforth, Z.; Westphal, A. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Fakra, S. C.; Marcus, M. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Ogliore, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM ogliore@ssl.berkeley.edu
FU NASA; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S.
Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX The authors thank J. Warren and R. Bastien at Johnson Space Center for
skillful extraction and mounting of the IDPs, and the reviewers for
helpful comments. We thank M. Humayun for permission to publish the
characterization of Simeio. This work was supported by NASA SPS and DDAP
grants. We gratefully acknowledge the provision of XANES spectra of
standard compounds by D. L Bond, T. Borch, B. C. Bostick, T. Buonassisi,
M. Burchell, C. S. Chan, S. Fendorf, C. Hansel, M. Heuer, A. Kearsley,
C. S. Kim, M. Newville, P. Nico, P. O'Day, N. Rivera, K. Ross, C.
Santelli, B. Toner, and G. A. Waychunas. The Advanced Light Source is
supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No.
DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 52
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT
JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 296
IS 3-4
BP 278
EP 286
DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.05.011
PG 9
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 638ZJ
UT WOS:000280940300011
ER
PT J
AU Saillard, M
Hall, SR
Audin, L
Farber, DL
Martinod, J
Regard, V
Pedoja, K
Herail, G
AF Saillard, M.
Hall, S. R.
Audin, L.
Farber, D. L.
Martinod, J.
Regard, V.
Pedoja, K.
Herail, G.
TI Reply to a Comment on "Non-steady long-term uplift rates and Pleistocene
marine terrace development along the Andean margin of Chile (31 degrees
S) inferred from Be-10 dating" by M. Saillard, SR Hall, L Audin, D.L
Farber, G. Herail, J. Martinod, V. Regard, RC Finkel. F. Bondoux [Earth
Planet. Sci. Lett. 277 (2009) 50-63]
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID NORTH-CENTRAL CHILE; SEA-LEVEL CHANGES; NEW-ZEALAND; COASTAL UPLIFT;
FORE-ARC; DEFORMATION; SUBDUCTION; LANDSCAPE; PLIOCENE; GEOLOGY
C1 [Saillard, M.; Audin, L.; Martinod, J.; Regard, V.; Herail, G.] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, LMTG, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
[Saillard, M.; Audin, L.; Martinod, J.; Regard, V.; Herail, G.] IRD, LMTG, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
[Saillard, M.; Audin, L.; Martinod, J.; Regard, V.; Herail, G.] CNRS, LMTG, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
[Hall, S. R.; Farber, D. L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Farber, D. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Pedoja, K.] Univ Caen, CNRS, Lab Morphodynam Continentale & Cotiere, F-14000 Caen, France.
RP Saillard, M (reprint author), Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, LMTG, 14 Av Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
EM saillard@lmtg.obs-mip.fr
RI Farber, Daniel/F-9237-2011; Regard, Vincent/B-2585-2010; laurence,
audin/D-7727-2013; martinod, joseph/N-4238-2016
OI Regard, Vincent/0000-0002-5250-6068; laurence,
audin/0000-0002-4510-479X;
NR 43
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT
JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 296
IS 3-4
BP 506
EP 509
DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.05.017
PG 4
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 638ZJ
UT WOS:000280940300036
ER
PT J
AU van Diepen, LTA
Lilleskov, EA
Pregitzer, KS
Miller, RM
AF van Diepen, Linda T. A.
Lilleskov, Erik A.
Pregitzer, Kurt S.
Miller, R. Michael
TI Simulated Nitrogen Deposition Causes a Decline of Intra- and
Extraradical Abundance of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Changes in
Microbial Community Structure in Northern Hardwood Forests
SO ECOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; phospholipid fatty acid; nitrogen;
mycelium; microbial community; sugar maple (Acer saccharum); forest;
in-growth bags
ID EXTERNAL MYCELIUM; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SOIL RESPIRATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2;
CARBON STORAGE; BIOMASS; FERTILIZATION; ECOSYSTEMS; PHOSPHORUS;
ADDITIONS
AB Increased nitrogen (N) deposition caused by human activities has altered ecosystem functioning and biodiversity. To understand the effects of altered N availability, we measured the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and the microbial community in northern hardwood forests exposed to long-term (12 years) simulated N deposition (30 kg N ha(-1) y(-1)) using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and hyphal in-growth bags. Intra- and extraradical AMF biomass and total microbial biomass were significantly decreased by simulated N deposition by 36, 41, and 24%, respectively. Both methods of extraradical AMF biomass estimation (soil PLFA 16:1 omega 5c and hyphal in-growth bags) showed comparable treatment responses, and extraradical biomass represented the majority of total (intra-plus extraradical) AMF biomass. N deposition also significantly affected the microbial community structure, leading to a 10% decrease in fungal to bacterial biomass ratios. Our observed decline in AMF and total microbial biomass together with changes in microbial community structure could have substantial impacts on the nutrient and carbon cycling within northern hardwood forest ecosystems.
C1 [van Diepen, Linda T. A.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
[Lilleskov, Erik A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
[Pregitzer, Kurt S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
[Miller, R. Michael] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[van Diepen, Linda T. A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP van Diepen, LTA (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
EM lvandiep@umich.edu
FU NSF [0614422, 0735116]; Ecosystem Science Center from Michigan
Technological University
FX We thank the NSF (Grant # 0614422 and 0735116) and the USDA Forest
Service, Northern Research Station for their continued support of this
project, and the Ecosystem Science Center from Michigan Technological
University for their research grant which supported part of this
project. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments on a
previous version of this manuscript. Further, we are thankful to Cheryl
Krol for analyzing some of the PLFA samples (Argonne National
Laboratory).
NR 51
TC 36
Z9 41
U1 12
U2 103
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1432-9840
EI 1435-0629
J9 ECOSYSTEMS
JI Ecosystems
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 13
IS 5
BP 683
EP 695
DI 10.1007/s10021-010-9347-0
PG 13
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 630GC
UT WOS:000280260100005
ER
PT J
AU Stewart, AJ
AF Stewart, Arthur J.
TI Science-oriented poems: an experiment in literacy
SO ECOTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Letter
DE Science literacy; Poetry; Science
AB Brief justification is provided for the idea that occasionally including a well-focused, science oriented poem in Ecotoxicology might be well received by readers. Two poems that might qualify for inclusion (Limnology Quiz and Building an Experiment) are offered to initiate the experiment.
C1 Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Stewart, AJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, 100 ORAU Way,POB 117,MS 6173, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM arthur.stewart@orau.org
OI stewart, arthur/0000-0003-1968-5997
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0963-9292
J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY
JI Ecotoxicology
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 19
IS 6
BP 995
EP 996
DI 10.1007/s10646-010-0512-1
PG 2
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 627UQ
UT WOS:000280068900001
PM 20556508
ER
PT J
AU Summers, JW
Gaines, KF
Garvin, N
Stephens, WL
Cumbee, JC
Mills, GL
AF Summers, J. W.
Gaines, K. F.
Garvin, N.
Stephens, W. L., Jr.
Cumbee, J. C., Jr.
Mills, G. L.
TI Feathers as bioindicators of PCB exposure in clapper rails
SO ECOTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Aroclor 1268; ELISA; Clapper rail; Organochlorine; LCP; PCBs
ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; NONDESTRUCTIVE BIOMONITORING TOOL;
PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; CONTAMINATED SALT-MARSH; BIRD FEATHERS;
EXTERNAL CONTAMINATION; COASTAL GEORGIA; AROCLOR 1268; SOIL
AB In this study we used feathers to biomonitor exposure to the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) Aroclor 1268 congener mixture in clapper rails (Rallus longirostris). This species has been used as an indicator species of environmental damage for the LCP superfund site located in Brunswick, GA, USA which is contaminated with Aroclor 1268, a congener mixture that has been used in limited amounts elsewhere and therefore can be used as a contaminant marker. The Aroclor 1268 congener mixture, including congener profiles, were quantified in feathers using gas chromatography (GC). Concurrently, each sample was quantified for the total Aroclor 1268 congener mixture using an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and compared to the GC results to determine if ELISA was an efficient method for quantifying or qualifying PCBs in feathers. ELISA consistently quantified PCB loads over an order of magnitude lower than the GC. Based on sample replication, extraction recovery, and sample spike, it appears that GC is the more reliable method of detection and that ELISA methods may be more suitable for qualitative exposure assessment for this particular Aroclor. Moreover, since all clapper rails from the LCP site had the Aroclor 1268 congener mixture in their feathers, this experiment showed that birds were returning to the site to breed despite the adverse effects experienced by this population from the contamination revealed in previous studies. This study also supports the utility of feathers as a non-lethal mechanism by which to biomonitor PCBs in the environment.
C1 [Summers, J. W.; Gaines, K. F.] Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Charleston, IL 61920 USA.
[Garvin, N.; Stephens, W. L., Jr.; Mills, G. L.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA.
[Cumbee, J. C., Jr.] USDA APHIS Wildlife Serv, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
RP Gaines, KF (reprint author), Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 600 Lincoln Ave, Charleston, IL 61920 USA.
EM jaysummers@hotmail.com; kfgaines@eiu.edu; ngarvin@uga.edu; cub@srel.edu;
James.C.Cumbee@aphis.usda.gov; mills@srel.edu
FU Department of Energy [DE-FC-09-075R22506]; Eastern Illinois University
FX The Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (based upon work supported by the
Department of Energy under Award Number DE-FC-09-075R22506) and Eastern
Illinois University provided funding and access to equipment for
analyses. We would like to thank Stacey Stephens and Nhilven DeChavez
for their outstanding contributions in the laboratory. This manuscript
benefited from the editorials of 6 anonymous reviewers.
NR 32
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 13
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0963-9292
EI 1573-3017
J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY
JI Ecotoxicology
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 19
IS 6
BP 1003
EP 1011
DI 10.1007/s10646-010-0481-4
PG 9
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 627UQ
UT WOS:000280068900003
PM 20221687
ER
PT J
AU Shearing, PR
Gelb, J
Yi, J
Lee, WK
Drakopolous, M
Brandon, NP
AF Shearing, P. R.
Gelb, J.
Yi, J.
Lee, W. -K.
Drakopolous, M.
Brandon, N. P.
TI Analysis of triple phase contact in Ni-YSZ microstructures using
non-destructive X-ray tomography with synchrotron radiation
SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Tomography; Solid oxide fuel cell; Synchrotron
ID FUEL-CELL ANODE; 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION
AB Here, we demonstrate the use of X-ray absorption edge spectroscopy in conjunction with high resolution Xray nano-computed tomography to provide a comprehensive microstructural map of a Ni-YSZ electrode from a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. The experimentally derived microstructure has been used to develop a geometrical test for microstructural homogeneity. (C) 2010 Elsevier By. All rights reserved.
C1 [Shearing, P. R.; Brandon, N. P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England.
[Gelb, J.] Xradia Inc, Concord, CA 94520 USA.
[Yi, J.; Lee, W. -K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Drakopolous, M.] Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England.
RP Brandon, NP (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England.
EM n.brandon@imperial.ac.uk
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; UK EPSRC
FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was
supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Data was
collected at beam-line XOR 32-ID. Paul Shearing wishes to acknowledge
funding through the UK EPSRC Supergen Fuel Cell programme.
NR 13
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 1
U2 20
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 1388-2481
J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN
JI Electrochem. Commun.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 12
IS 8
BP 1021
EP 1024
DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2010.05.014
PG 4
WC Electrochemistry
SC Electrochemistry
GA 636PR
UT WOS:000280751100005
ER
PT J
AU Greeley, J
AF Greeley, Jeffrey
TI Structural effects on trends in the deposition and dissolution of
metal-supported metal adstructures
SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
DE Density Functional Theory; Dissolution; Deposition; Coordination number;
Metallic surfaces
ID UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION; OXYGEN REDUCTION; ELECTRODEPOSITION; ALLOYS;
SIMULATION; EVOLUTION; SURFACES; AU(111); GROWTH; ENERGY
AB A simple thermodynamic formalism is combined with Density Functional Theory calculations to determine periodic trends in the reversible deposition/dissolution potentials of admetals on a variety of transition metal substrates. For each admetal/substrate combination (81 in total), the deposition/dissolution potential shift (referenced to the corresponding potential of the admetal in its bulk, elemental form) is calculated for isolated adatoms, for timers, and for more extended kink structures. Clear periodic trends are found for the potential shifts across the space of different admetals and substrates. In addition, for the significant majority of these admetal/substrate systems, the structural effects are found to be a strong function of the local coordination number of the metal atoms, thereby verifying an important assumption that has been widely used in semiempirical models of deposition and dissolution. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Greeley, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM jgreeley@anl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
[DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials at ANL was supported by the
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under
contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We acknowledge computer time at the
Laboratory Computing Resource Center (LCRC) at Argonne National
Laboratory and at EMSL, a national scientific user facility located at
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
NR 43
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U2 24
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0013-4686
J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA
JI Electrochim. Acta
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 55
IS 20
BP 5545
EP 5550
DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.04.055
PG 6
WC Electrochemistry
SC Electrochemistry
GA 632KO
UT WOS:000280422800004
ER
PT J
AU Adhikari, S
Chumbley, LS
Chen, H
Jean, YC
Geiculescu, AC
Hillier, AC
Hebert, KR
AF Adhikari, S.
Chumbley, L. S.
Chen, H.
Jean, Y. C.
Geiculescu, A. C.
Hillier, A. C.
Hebert, K. R.
TI Interfacial voids in aluminum created by aqueous dissolution
SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
DE Aluminum; Corrosion; Positron annihilation; Transmission electron
microscopy; Voids
ID POSITRON-ANNIHILATION SPECTROSCOPY; PURE ALUMINUM; WATER-VAPOR;
HYDROGEN; DEFECTS; BUBBLES; METALS
AB Nanometer-scale voids in aluminum formed by aqueous room-temperature corrosion were detected and characterized by a combination of electron microscopy techniques, atomic force microscopy, and positron annihilation spectroscopy. Void-containing layers were found within 100 nm of the metal surface, containing voids of 10-20 nm width with a number density of 10(8)-10(9) cm(-2). The voids were generated continuously during dissolution. The rapid nucleation and growth of voids suggest elevated concentrations of hydrogen-vacancy defects near the dissolving surface. Using the measured void radius and thickness of the void layer, the hypothesis that voids grow by vacancy condensation led to reasonable calculated values of the diffusion coefficient, and vacancy concentrations in agreement with independent estimates. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Adhikari, S.; Hillier, A. C.; Hebert, K. R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Chumbley, L. S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA USA.
[Chumbley, L. S.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Chen, H.; Jean, Y. C.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA.
[Geiculescu, A. C.] St Jude Med, CRMD, Liberty, SC 29657 USA.
RP Hebert, KR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
EM krhebert@iastate.edu
RI Hillier, Andrew/E-7495-2011
FU St. Jude Medical Corporation; National Science Foundation [DMR-0605957]
FX This work was supported by St. Jude Medical Corporation and by the
National Science Foundation through grant DMR-0605957. Newira Widharta
prepared the sample for AFM observation.
NR 37
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 15
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0013-4686
J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA
JI Electrochim. Acta
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 55
IS 20
BP 6093
EP 6100
DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.05.073
PG 8
WC Electrochemistry
SC Electrochemistry
GA 632KO
UT WOS:000280422800082
ER
PT J
AU VanderNoot, VA
Renzi, RF
Mosier, BP
de Vreugde, JLV
Shokair, I
Haroldsen, BL
AF VanderNoot, Victoria A.
Renzi, Ronald F.
Mosier, Bruce P.
de Vreugde, James L. Van
Shokair, Isaac
Haroldsen, Brent L.
TI Development of an integrated microfluidic instrument for unattended
water-monitoring applications
SO ELECTROPHORESIS
LA English
DT Article
DE Automated sample preparation; Chip gel electrophoresis; Integrated
system; Proteins; Water monitoring
ID SEPARATIONS; INDICATORS; QUALITY
AB Field-deployable detection technologies in the nation's water supplies have become a high priority in recent years. The unattended water sensor is presented which employs microfluidic chip-based gel electrophoresis for monitoring proteinaceous analytes in a small integrated sensor platform. The instrument collects samples directly from a domestic water flow. The sample is then processed in an automated microfluidic module using in-house designed fittings, microfluidic pumps and valves prior to analysis via Sandia's mu ChemLab (TM) module, which couples chip-based electrophoresis separations with sensitive LIF detection. The system is controlled using LabVIEW software to analyze water samples about every 12 min. The sample preparation, detection and data analysis has all been fully automated. Pressure transducers and a positive control verify correct operation of the system, remotely. A two-color LIF detector with internal standards allows corrections to migration time to account for ambient temperature changes. The initial unattended water sensor prototype is configured to detect protein biotoxins such as ricin as a first step toward a total bioanalysis capability based on protein profiling. The system has undergone significant testing at two water utilities. The design and optimization of the sample preparation train is presented with results from both laboratory and field testing.
C1 [VanderNoot, Victoria A.; Renzi, Ronald F.; de Vreugde, James L. Van; Shokair, Isaac; Haroldsen, Brent L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
[Mosier, Bruce P.] JHU Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA.
RP VanderNoot, VA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969 MS 9292, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
EM vavande@sandia.gov
FU Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with Tenix; CH2M Hill; US
DOE [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX The work was funded through a Cooperative Research and Development
Agreement with Tenix (Scott Parker and Chris Macintosh) and CH2M Hill
(Pam Carlson and Greg Gates). The authors gratefully acknowledge the
cooperation of the Contra Costa Water district (Contra Costa County, CA)
and the City of Glendale Water Utility (Glendale, AZ) for allowing
temporary installation of UWS prototypes in their respective water
pumping stations. The authors also acknowledge a large team of
researchers and engineers at Sandia who have contributed to this project
over the years, in particular Dan Yee for his support of the
electronics, Mark Claudnic for computer-aided design, Jerry Inman for
his help during system testing and deployments, Marci Markel for
evaluation of alternative separation methods and especially Dr. Jay
West, Gary Hux and Kyle Hukari for their valuable work in the early
stages of this project. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by
Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States
Department of Energy. This work was sponsored by the US DOE under
contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 11
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 18
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 0173-0835
J9 ELECTROPHORESIS
JI Electrophoresis
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 31
IS 15
SI SI
BP 2632
EP 2640
DI 10.1002/elps.201000052
PG 9
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 641FO
UT WOS:000281110400021
PM 20665921
ER
PT J
AU Hukari, KW
Patel, KD
Renzi, RF
West, JAA
AF Hukari, Kyle W.
Patel, Kamlesh D.
Renzi, Ronald F.
West, Jay A. A.
TI An ultra-high temperature flow-through capillary device for bacterial
spore lysis
SO ELECTROPHORESIS
LA English
DT Article
DE Ethylene glycol; Microfluidics; PCR; Protein electrophoresis; Sample
preparation
ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; REAL-TIME PCR; CELL-LYSIS; QUANTITATIVE
DETECTION; BACILLUS-CEREUS; ELECTROPHORESIS; DNA; INJECTION; SYSTEM;
CHIP
AB Rapid and specific characterization of bacterial endospores is dependent on the ability to rupture the cell wall to enable analysis of the intracellular components. In particular, bacterial spores from the bacillus genus are inherently robust and very difficult to lyze or solubilize. Standard protocols for spore inactivation include chemical treatment, sonication, pressure, and thermal lysis. Although these protocols are effective for the inactivation of these agents, they are less well suited for sample preparation for analysis using proteomic and genomic approaches. To overcome this difficulty, we have designed a simple capillary device to perform thermal lysis of bacterial spores. Using this device, we were able to super heat (195 degrees C) an ethylene glycol lysis buffer to perform rapid flow-through rupture and solubilization of bacterial endospores. We demonstrated that the lysates from this preparation method are compatible with CGE as well as DNA amplification analysis. We further demonstrated the flow-through lysing device could be directly coupled to a miniaturized electrophoresis instrument for integrated sample preparation and analysis. In this arrangement, we were enabled to perform sample lysis, fluorescent dye labeling, and protein electrophoresis analysis of bacterial spores in less than 10 min. The described sample preparation device is rapid, simple, inexpensive, and easily integratable with various microfluidic devices.
C1 [Hukari, Kyle W.; Patel, Kamlesh D.; Renzi, Ronald F.; West, Jay A. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Microfluid Res Grp, Livermore, CA USA.
RP West, JAA (reprint author), Arcxis Biotechnol, 6920 Koll Ctr Pkwy, Pleasanton, CA 94566 USA.
EM drjayman@gmail.com
FU Department of Defense; Department of Homeland security
FX The authors of this study acknowledge the following individuals for
their assistance with these studies. The authors thank Dr. Todd Lane and
Richard Gant for the preparation of the bacterial spores. Tom Raber
assisted the authors in the fabrication of the thermal lyser. Brad
Aubuchan provided engineering support on the mu Chemlab system for the
microchip-based capillary electrophoresis analysis. Finally, the authors
thank John Brazzle for the fabrication of the microfluidic chips used in
the analysis of the thermal lysates. This study was generously funded by
grants from the Department of Defense and the Department of Homeland
security, under the Chemical and Biological Countermeasures Program.
NR 34
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U1 0
U2 11
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 0173-0835
J9 ELECTROPHORESIS
JI Electrophoresis
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 31
IS 16
BP 2804
EP 2812
DI 10.1002/elps.201000176
PG 9
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 648ZA
UT WOS:000281732900014
PM 20737447
ER
PT J
AU Lund, JW
AF Lund, John W.
TI Direct Utilization of Geothermal Energy
SO ENERGIES
LA English
DT Article
DE direct use; spas; balneology; space heating; district heating;
aquaculture; greenhouses; ground-source heat pumps; agricultural drying;
industrial applications; snow melting; energy savings
AB The worldwide application of geothermal energy for direct utilization is reviewed. This paper is based on the world update for direct-use presented at the World Geothermal Congress 2010 in Bali, Indonesia (WGC2010) [1] which also includes material presented at three world geothermal congresses in Italy, Japan and Turkey (WGC95, WGC2000 and WGC2005). This report is based on country update papers prepared for WGC2010 and data from other sources. Final update papers were received from 70 countries of which 66 reported some direct utilization of geothermal energy for WGC2010. Twelve additional countries were added to the list based on other sources of information. The 78 countries having direct utilization of geothermal energy, is a significant increase from the 72 reported in 2005, the 58 reported in 2000, and the 28 reported in 1995. An estimate of the installed thermal power for direct utilization at the end of 2009, reported from WGC2010 is 48,493 MWt, almost a 72 % increased over the 2005 data, growing at a compound rate of 11.4% annually with a capacity factor of 0.28. The thermal energy used is 423,830 TJ/year (117,740 GWh/yr), about a 55% increase over 2005, growing at a compound rate of 9.2% annually. The distribution of thermal energy used by category is approximately 47.2% for ground-source heat pumps, 25.8% for bathing and swimming (including balneology), 14.9% for space heating (of which 85% is for district heating), 5.5% for greenhouses and open ground heating, 2.8% for industrial process heating, 2.7% for aquaculture pond and raceway heating, 0.4% for agricultural drying, 0.5% for snow melting and cooling, and 0.2% for other uses. Energy savings amounted to 250 million barrels (38 million tonnes) of equivalent oil annually, preventing 33 million tonnes of carbon and 107 million tonnes of CO(2) being release to the atmosphere which includes savings in geothermal heat pump cooling (compared to using fuel oil to generate electricity).
C1 [Lund, John W.] Oregon Inst Technol, Geoheat Ctr, Klamath Falls, OR USA.
[Lund, John W.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA.
RP Lund, JW (reprint author), Oregon Inst Technol, Geoheat Ctr, Klamath Falls, OR USA.
EM john.lund@oit.edu
NR 40
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Z9 20
U1 1
U2 32
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 1996-1073
J9 ENERGIES
JI Energies
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 3
IS 8
BP 1443
EP 1471
DI 10.3390/en3081443
PG 29
WC Energy & Fuels
SC Energy & Fuels
GA 644WH
UT WOS:000281412000002
ER
PT J
AU Hasanbeigi, A
Price, L
Lu, HY
Lan, W
AF Hasanbeigi, Ali
Price, Lynn
Lu, Hongyou
Lan, Wang
TI Analysis of energy-efficiency opportunities for the cement industry in
Shandong Province, China: A case study of 16 cement plants
SO ENERGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Energy-efficiency technologies; Benchmarking; Conservation supply curve;
Cement industry
AB In this study, 16 cement plants with New Suspension Preheater and pre-calciner (NSP) kiln were surveyed. Plant energy use was compared to both domestic (Chinese) and international best practice using the Benchmarking and Energy Saving Tool for Cement (BEST-Cement). This benchmarking exercise indicated an average technical potential primary energy savings of 12% would be possible if the surveyed plants operated at domestic best practice levels in terms of energy use per ton of cement produced. Average technical potential primary energy savings of 23% would be realized if the plants operated at international best practice levels. Then, using the bottom-up Electricity Conservation Supply Curve (ECSC) model, the cost-effective electricity efficiency potential for the 16 studied cement plants in 2008 is estimated to be 373 gigawatt-hours (GWh), and total technical electricity-saving potential is 915 GWh, which accounts for 16 and 40% of total electricity use in the studied plants in 2008, respectively. The Fuel Conservation Supply Curve (FCSC) model shows the total technical fuel efficiency potential equal to 7949 terajoules (TJ), accounting for 8% of total fuel used in the studied cement plants in 2008. All the fuel efficiency potential is shown to be cost effective. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Hasanbeigi, Ali; Price, Lynn; Lu, Hongyou] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, China Energy Grp, Energy Anal Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Lan, Wang] China Bldg Mat Acad, Beijing 100024, Peoples R China.
RP Hasanbeigi, A (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, China Energy Grp, Energy Anal Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90R4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM AHasanbeigi@lbl.gov
FU Energy Foundation through the U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-05CH11231]; World Bank
FX This work was supported by the China Sustainable Energy Program of the
Energy Foundation through the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract
No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Funding for LBNL collaborators was provided by
the World Bank through the Asia Sustainable and Alternative Energy
(ASTAE) Program. The helpful guidance provided by Liu Feng of the World
Bank and He Ping of Energy Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. The
authors would also like to thank Zhou Nan of LBNL for her assistance
during our site visits in March 2009. We would also like to thank Zhao
Xudong of the Shandong Provincial Government Energy Conservation Office
and Diao Lizhang of the Shandong Energy Conservation Association for
their assistance in providing information on the cement industry in
Shandong Province and in obtaining detailed information from the cement
plants analyzed in this paper. We would also like to thank Jai Li
(consultant to the World Bank) for her inputs. We are grateful to Jing
Ke, a visiting researcher at LBNL from Shandong University, for his
review of our calculations and assistance with the BEST-cement tool. We
greatly appreciate the helpful review and comments by Ernst Worrell of
Ecofys.
NR 29
TC 58
Z9 63
U1 3
U2 21
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0360-5442
J9 ENERGY
JI Energy
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 35
IS 8
BP 3461
EP 3473
DI 10.1016/j.energy.2010.04.046
PG 13
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels
GA 627CU
UT WOS:000280017300036
ER
PT J
AU Ksepko, E
Siriwardane, RV
Tian, HJ
Simonyi, T
Sciazko, M
AF Ksepko, Ewelina
Siriwardane, Ranjani V.
Tian, Hanjing
Simonyi, Thomas
Sciazko, Marek
TI Comparative Investigation on Chemical Looping Combustion of Coal-Derived
Synthesis Gas containing H2S over Supported NiO Oxygen Carriers
SO ENERGY & FUELS
LA English
DT Article
ID FLUIDIZED-BED REACTOR; METAL-OXIDES; IRON-OXIDE; REACTION-KINETICS;
REDUCTION; PARTICLES; OXIDATION; NICKEL; BEHAVIOR; METHANE
AB Chemical looping combustion (CLC) of simulated coal-derived synthesis gas was conducted with NiO oxygen carriers supported on SiO2, ZrO2, TiO2, and sepiolite. The effect of H2S on the performance of these samples for the CLC process was also evaluated. Five-cycle thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests at 800 degrees C indicated that all oxygen carriers had a stable performance at 800 degrees C, except NiO/SiO2. Full reduction/oxidation reactions of the oxygen carrier were obtained during the five-cycle test. It was found that support had a significant effect on reaction performance of NiO both in reduction and oxidation rates. The reduction reaction was significantly faster than the oxidation reaction for all oxygen carriers, while the oxidation reaction is fairly slow due to oxygen diffusion on NiO layers. The reaction profile was greatly affected by the presence of H2S, but there was no effect on the capacity due to the presence of H2S in synthesis gas. The presence of H2S decreased reduction reaction rates significantly, but oxidation rates of reduced samples increased. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data of the oxidized samples after a five-cycle test showed stable crystalline phases without any formation of sulfides or sulfites/sulfates. Increase in reaction temperature to 900 degrees C had a positive effect on the performance.
C1 [Siriwardane, Ranjani V.; Tian, Hanjing; Simonyi, Thomas] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA.
[Ksepko, Ewelina; Sciazko, Marek] Inst Chem Proc Coal, PL-41803 Zabrze, Poland.
[Tian, Hanjing; Simonyi, Thomas] URS, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA.
RP Siriwardane, RV (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd,POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA.
EM ranjani.siriwardane@netl.doe.gov
RI Ksepko, Ewelina/D-7806-2016
FU Polish Ministry of Education and Science [PBZ-MEiN-2/2/2006]; U.S.
Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratories
FX Work supported by the Polish Ministry of Education and Science, Grant
No. PBZ-MEiN-2/2/2006, on a project entitled "Chemistry of perspective
processes and coal conversion products" and work supported by the U.S.
Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratories, are
greatly appreciated.
NR 45
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 24
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0887-0624
J9 ENERG FUEL
JI Energy Fuels
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 24
BP 4206
EP 4214
DI 10.1021/ef100490m
PG 9
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 640DY
UT WOS:000281029700014
ER
PT J
AU Siriwardane, R
Fisher, JC
Simonyi, T
AF Siriwardane, Ranjani
Fisher, James C., II
Simonyi, Thomas
TI Regenerable Multifunctional Sorbent Development for Sulfur and Chloride
Removal from Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas
SO ENERGY & FUELS
LA English
DT Article
ID OXIDE SORBENTS; DESULFURIZATION
AB A large number of components in coal form corrosive and toxic compounds during coal gasification processes. These contaminants have to be reduced to the parts-per-million range to use the fuel gas in an integrated gasification combined cycle. Even more stringent requirements are expected if the fuel gas is to be used in fuel cell or chemical production applications. Impurity removal may be even more cost-effective if multiple impurities can be removed in a minimum number of steps. To accomplish this goal, a regenerable sorbent capable of removing both hydrogen chloride (HCl) and hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) was investigated. The results of the thermogravimetric analyzer tests and bench-scale fixed-bed flow reactor tests conducted with the sorbent to evaluate the feasibility of both H(2)S and HCl sorption will be discussed in this paper.
C1 [Siriwardane, Ranjani] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA.
[Fisher, James C., II; Simonyi, Thomas] URS Washington Div, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA.
RP Siriwardane, R (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd,POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA.
EM ranjani.siriwardane@netl.doe.gov
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 13
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0887-0624
J9 ENERG FUEL
JI Energy Fuels
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 24
BP 4226
EP 4230
DI 10.1021/ef100620u
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 640DY
UT WOS:000281029700016
ER
PT J
AU Greene, DL
Boudreaux, PR
Dean, DJ
Fulkerson, W
Gaddis, AL
Graham, RL
Graves, RL
Hopson, JL
Hughes, P
Lapsa, MV
Mason, TE
Standaert, RF
Wilbanks, TJ
Zucker, A
AF Greene, D. L.
Boudreaux, P. R.
Dean, D. J.
Fulkerson, W.
Gaddis, A. L.
Graham, R. L.
Graves, R. L.
Hopson, J. L.
Hughes, P.
Lapsa, M. V.
Mason, T. E.
Standaert, R. F.
Wilbanks, T. J.
Zucker, A.
TI The importance of advancing technology to America's energy goals
SO ENERGY POLICY
LA English
DT Article
DE Energy technology; Greenhouse gas mitigation; Energy security
ID SHOCKS
AB A wide range of energy technologies appears to be needed for the United States to meet its energy goals. A method is developed that relates the uncertainty of technological progress in eleven technology areas to the achievement of CO(2) mitigation and reduced oil dependence. We conclude that to be confident of meeting both energy goals, each technology area must have a much better than 50/50 probability of success, that carbon capture and sequestration, biomass, battery electric or fuel cell vehicles, advanced fossil liquids, and energy efficiency technologies for buildings appear to be almost essential, and that the success of each one of the 11 technologies is important. These inferences are robust to moderate variations in assumptions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Greene, D. L.; Graves, R. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA.
[Boudreaux, P. R.; Dean, D. J.; Graham, R. L.; Hughes, P.; Lapsa, M. V.; Mason, T. E.; Standaert, R. F.; Wilbanks, T. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Fulkerson, W.] Univ Tennessee, Inst Secure & Sustainable Environm, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Hopson, J. L.] Univ Tennessee, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA.
RP Greene, DL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA.
EM dlgreene@ornl.gov
RI Standaert, Robert/D-9467-2013; Mason, Thomas/M-5809-2014; Gaddis,
Abigail/I-3085-2016;
OI Standaert, Robert/0000-0002-5684-1322; Mason,
Thomas/0000-0003-1880-3971; Gaddis, Abigail/0000-0001-7495-1552; Dean,
David/0000-0002-5688-703X; Lapsa, Melissa/0000-0002-9978-6503
NR 19
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 3
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0301-4215
J9 ENERG POLICY
JI Energy Policy
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 38
IS 8
BP 3886
EP 3890
DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.03.008
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies
SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 615EY
UT WOS:000279117500005
ER
PT J
AU Cappers, P
Goldman, C
AF Cappers, Peter
Goldman, Charles
TI Financial impact of energy efficiency under a federal combined
efficiency and renewable electricity standard: Case study of a Kansas
"super-utility"
SO ENERGY POLICY
LA English
DT Article
DE Energy efficiency; Renewable energy; Public policy
AB Historically, local, state and federal policies have separately promoted the generation of electricity from renewable technologies and the pursuit of energy efficiency to help mitigate the detrimental effects of global climate change and foster energy independence. Federal policymakers are currently considering and several states have enacted a combined efficiency and renewable electricity standard which proponents argue provides a comprehensive approach with greater flexibility and at lower cost. We examine the financial impacts on various stakeholders from alternative compliance strategies with a Combined Efficiency and Renewable Electricity Standard (CERES) using a case study approach for utilities in Kansas. Our results suggest that an investor-owned utility is likely to pursue the most lucrative compliance strategy for its shareholders-one that under-invests in energy efficiency resources. If a business model for energy efficiency inclusive of both a lost fixed cost recovery mechanism and a shareholder incentive mechanism is implemented, our analysis indicates that an investor-owned utility would be more willing to pursue energy efficiency as a lower-cost CERES compliance strategy. Absent implementing such a regulatory mechanism, separate energy efficiency and renewable portfolio standards would improve the likelihood of reducing reliance on fossil fuels at least-cost through the increased pursuit of energy efficiency. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Cappers, Peter; Goldman, Charles] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Cappers, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop 90R4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM PACappers@lbl.gov; CAGoldman@lbl.gov
NR 24
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0301-4215
J9 ENERG POLICY
JI Energy Policy
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 38
IS 8
BP 3998
EP 4010
DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.03.024
PG 13
WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies
SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 615EY
UT WOS:000279117500016
ER
PT J
AU Hu, ZG
Wen, QA
Wang, JH
Tan, XD
Nezhad, H
Shan, BG
Han, XY
AF Hu, Zhaoguang
Wen, Quan
Wang, Jianhui
Tan, Xiandong
Nezhad, Hameed
Shan, Baoguo
Han, Xinyang
TI Integrated resource strategic planning in China
SO ENERGY POLICY
LA English
DT Article
DE IRP; IRSP; China
AB Many governments around the world are focusing on emissions reduction through energy efficiency improvements, particularly on the demand side. Although Integrated Resource Planning (IRP), which considers both supply-side and demand-side options, had been a useful tool in the planning process for the power industry, its effectiveness has been challenged recently with the restructuring of the power sector that has occurred in China and elsewhere around the world. The paper proposes Integrated Resource Strategic Planning (IRSP) as an alternative to IRP in a deregulated power sector. IRSP takes the resource planning process one step further to the national level. In this paper, the authors demonstrate the tremendous potential for efficiency improvements on both the supply and demand sides of the power sector in China with IRSP. The results show that between 2009 and 2020, the potential for electricity savings will reach about 1228.5 Twh, and the potential reduction in carbon dioxide (CO(2)) emissions will be about 1020.5 million tons. Another important finding of this study is that the current market-based pricing system in China should be improved to provide sufficient incentives for pursuing energy savings on the demand side. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wang, Jianhui] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Hu, Zhaoguang; Wen, Quan; Tan, Xiandong; Shan, Baoguo; Han, Xinyang] State Grid Energy Res Inst, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China.
[Nezhad, Hameed] Metropolitan State Univ, Minneapolis, MN 55403 USA.
RP Wang, JH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM wangjia5@iit.edu
FU Energy Foundation Beijing Office; Energy Foundation USA
FX We would like to extend our appreciation to Dr. Wanxing Wang, Ms. Hong
Lu from Energy Foundation Beijing Office and Dr. Jiang Lin from Energy
Foundation USA for sponsoring this work.
NR 7
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0301-4215
J9 ENERG POLICY
JI Energy Policy
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 38
IS 8
BP 4635
EP 4642
DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.04.019
PG 8
WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies
SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 615EY
UT WOS:000279117500078
ER
PT J
AU Pebay, P
Shih, AM
AF Pebay, Philippe
Shih, Alan M.
TI Guest editorial: 15th International Meshing Roundtable Special Issue
SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Pebay, Philippe; Shih, Alan M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Pebay, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM pppebay@sandia.gov
OI Pebay, Philippe/0000-0002-2311-3775
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0177-0667
J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY
JI Eng. Comput.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 4
SI SI
BP 339
EP 339
DI 10.1007/s00366-010-0185-7
PG 1
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering,
Mechanical
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA 641TR
UT WOS:000281153100001
ER
PT J
AU Carbonera, CD
Shepherd, JF
AF Carbonera, Carlos D.
Shepherd, Jason F.
TI A constructive approach to constrained hexahedral mesh generation
SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 15th International Meshing Roundtable
CY SEP 17-20, 2006
CL Birmingham, AL
DE Hexahedral meshing; Hexahedral theory; Mesh generation; Hexahedral proof
AB Mitchell proved that a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a topological hexahedral mesh constrained to a quadrilateral mesh on the sphere is that the constraining quadrilateral mesh contains an even number of elements. Mitchell's proof depends on Smale's theorem on the regularity of curves on compact manifolds. Although the question of the existence of constrained hexahedral meshes has been solved, the known solution is not easily programmable; indeed, there are cases, such as Schneider's Pyramid, that are not easily solved. Eppstein later utilized portions of Mitchell's existence proof to demonstrate that hexahedral mesh generation has linear complexity. In this paper, we demonstrate a constructive proof to the existence theorem for the sphere, as well as assign an upper-bound to the constant of the linear term in the asymptotic complexity measure provided by Eppstein. Our construction generates 76 x n hexahedra elements within the solid where n is the number of quadrilaterals on the boundary. The construction presented is used to solve some problems posed by Schneiders and Eppstein. We will also use the results provided in this paper, in conjunction with Mitchell's Geode-Template, to create an alternative way of creating a constrained hexahedral mesh. The construction utilizing the Geode-Template requires 130 x n hexahedra, but will have fewer topological irregularities in the final mesh.
C1 [Carbonera, Carlos D.] Univ Puerto Rico, Gauss Res Lab, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA.
[Shepherd, Jason F.] Univ Utah, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
[Shepherd, Jason F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Modeling Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Carbonera, CD (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Gauss Res Lab, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA.
EM carbonera@uprr.pr; jfsheph@sci.utah.edu
NR 11
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0177-0667
J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY
JI Eng. Comput.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 4
SI SI
BP 341
EP 350
DI 10.1007/s00366-009-0168-8
PG 10
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering,
Mechanical
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA 641TR
UT WOS:000281153100002
ER
PT J
AU Ledoux, F
Shepherd, J
AF Ledoux, Franck
Shepherd, Jason
TI Topological and geometrical properties of hexahedral meshes
SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Hexahedral mesh; Dual mesh; Arrangement of surfaces; Fundamental mesh;
Minimal mesh
ID GENERATION; ALGORITHM
AB Over the years, there have been a number of practical studies with working definitions of 'mesh' as related to computational simulation, however, there are only a few theoretical papers with formal definitions of mesh. Algebraic topology papers are available that define tetrahedral meshes in terms of simplices. Algebraic topology and polytope theory has also been utilized to define hexahedral meshes. Additional literature is also available describing particular properties of the dual of a mesh. In this paper, we give several formal definitions in relation to hexahedral meshes and the dual of hexahedral meshes. Our main goal is to provide useful, understandable and minimal definitions specifically for computer scientists or mathematicians working in hexahedral meshing. We also extend these definitions to some useful classifications of hexahedral meshes, including definitions for 'fundamental' hexahedral meshes and 'minimal' hexahedral meshes.
C1 [Shepherd, Jason] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
[Ledoux, Franck] CEA DAM, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France.
RP Shepherd, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM franck.ledoux@cea.fr; jfsheph@sandia.gov
NR 19
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0177-0667
J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY
JI Eng. Comput.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 4
SI SI
BP 419
EP 432
DI 10.1007/s00366-009-0144-3
PG 14
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering,
Mechanical
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA 641TR
UT WOS:000281153100008
ER
PT J
AU Ledoux, F
Shepherd, J
AF Ledoux, Franck
Shepherd, Jason
TI Topological modifications of hexahedral meshes via sheet operations: a
theoretical study
SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Topological modifications; Hexahedral mesh; Sheet operations; Set
operations
ID GENERATION
AB Recently there has been a renewed interest in performing topological modifications on hexahedral meshes to enable clean up, mesh improvement, generation of more complex hexahedral topologies, and a deepened understanding of methods for producing hexahedral topologies in increasingly complex geometries. Additionally, generation of all-hexahedral topologies in arbitrary models remains an open-problem in the computational geometry community. In this paper we provide surveys of important research efforts in local hexahedral topology modification, and provide some formalization of many of these methods. We also provide some additional proofs giving credance to the community held notion that these topology modifications are feasible despite the historic difficulty in developing the methodologies for performing the modifications. Additionally, some formalization of modification operations will be provided for hexahedral sheet-based methods and a demonstration of how these operations are related to the atomic operations proposed by Tautges et al.
C1 [Shepherd, Jason] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
[Ledoux, Franck] CEA DAM, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France.
RP Shepherd, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM franck.ledoux@cea.fr; jfsheph@sandia.gov
NR 27
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0177-0667
J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY
JI Eng. Comput.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 4
SI SI
BP 433
EP 447
DI 10.1007/s00366-009-0145-2
PG 15
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering,
Mechanical
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA 641TR
UT WOS:000281153100009
ER
PT J
AU Coleman, MA
AF Coleman, M. A.
TI Models and Confounding Factors in Biomarker Development
SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 41st Annual Meeting of Environmental-Mutagen-Society
CT 41st Annual Meeting of Complex Systems in Biology and Risk Assessment
CY OCT 23-27, 2010
CY OCT 23-27, 2010
CL Ft Worth, TX
CL Ft Worth, TX
SP Environ Mutagen Soc
SP Environ Mutagen Soc
C1 [Coleman, M. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0893-6692
EI 1098-2280
J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN
JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 51
IS 7
BP 698
EP 698
PG 1
WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA 639XE
UT WOS:000281009600056
ER
PT J
AU Morgan, WF
AF Morgan, W. F.
TI SCE, and ABCW. The Language of Environmental Science
SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 41st Annual Meeting of Environmental-Mutagen-Society
CT 41st Annual Meeting of Complex Systems in Biology and Risk Assessment
CY OCT 23-27, 2010
CY OCT 23-27, 2010
CL Ft Worth, TX
CL Ft Worth, TX
SP Environ Mutagen Soc
SP Environ Mutagen Soc
C1 [Morgan, W. F.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0893-6692
EI 1098-2280
J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN
JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 51
IS 7
BP 700
EP 700
PG 1
WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA 639XE
UT WOS:000281009600065
ER
PT J
AU Marchetti, F
Snijders, AM
Bhatnagar, S
Parvin, B
Han, J
Lenburg, M
Wyrobek, AJ
AF Marchetti, F.
Snijders, A. M.
Bhatnagar, S.
Parvin, B.
Han, J.
Lenburg, M.
Wyrobek, A. J.
TI Early and Persistent Low Dose Damage Response Pathways in the Mouse
Mammary Gland Depends on Genotype, Tissue Compartment and Exposure
Regimen
SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 41st Annual Meeting of Environmental-Mutagen-Society
CT 41st Annual Meeting of Complex Systems in Biology and Risk Assessment
CY OCT 23-27, 2010
CY OCT 23-27, 2010
CL Ft Worth, TX
CL Ft Worth, TX
SP Environ Mutagen Soc
SP Environ Mutagen Soc
C1 [Marchetti, F.; Snijders, A. M.; Bhatnagar, S.; Parvin, B.; Han, J.; Lenburg, M.; Wyrobek, A. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0893-6692
EI 1098-2280
J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN
JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 51
IS 7
BP 705
EP 705
PG 1
WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA 639XE
UT WOS:000281009600085
ER
PT J
AU Marchetti, F
Polyzos, A
William, A
Bishop, J
Yauk, C
AF Marchetti, F.
Polyzos, A.
William, A.
Bishop, J.
Yauk, C.
TI Mainstream and Sidestream Tobacco Smoke Induce Mutations in Male Germ
Cells But Not Micronuclei in Erythrocytes in the Mouse
SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 41st Annual Meeting of Environmental-Mutagen-Society
CT 41st Annual Meeting of Complex Systems in Biology and Risk Assessment
CY OCT 23-27, 2010
CY OCT 23-27, 2010
CL Ft Worth, TX
CL Ft Worth, TX
SP Environ Mutagen Soc
SP Environ Mutagen Soc
C1 [Marchetti, F.; Polyzos, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[William, A.; Yauk, C.] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada.
[Bishop, J.] NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0893-6692
EI 1098-2280
J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN
JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 51
IS 7
BP 705
EP 705
PG 1
WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA 639XE
UT WOS:000281009600083
ER
PT J
AU Snijders, AM
Marchetti, F
Bhatnagar, S
Pendem, SV
Bjornstad, K
Mao, JH
Blakely, E
Cooper, PK
Wyrobek, AJ
AF Snijders, A. M.
Marchetti, F.
Bhatnagar, S.
Pendem, S., V
Bjornstad, K.
Mao, J. H.
Blakely, E.
Cooper, P. K.
Wyrobek, A. J.
TI Normal Tissue Injury Responses in Mammary Glands after Low Doses of
Ionizing Radiation
SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 41st Annual Meeting of Environmental-Mutagen-Society
CT 41st Annual Meeting of Complex Systems in Biology and Risk Assessment
CY OCT 23-27, 2010
CY OCT 23-27, 2010
CL Ft Worth, TX
CL Ft Worth, TX
SP Environ Mutagen Soc
SP Environ Mutagen Soc
C1 [Snijders, A. M.; Marchetti, F.; Bhatnagar, S.; Pendem, S., V; Bjornstad, K.; Mao, J. H.; Blakely, E.; Cooper, P. K.; Wyrobek, A. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0893-6692
EI 1098-2280
J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN
JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 51
IS 7
BP 705
EP 705
PG 1
WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA 639XE
UT WOS:000281009600086
ER
PT J
AU Sridharan, D
Whalen, M
Almendrala, D
Cucinotta, F
Yannone, SM
Pluth, JM
AF Sridharan, D.
Whalen, M.
Almendrala, D.
Cucinotta, F.
Yannone, S. M.
Pluth, J. M.
TI Artemis Over-Expression Confers Radioresistance to Both High and Low LET
Exposures
SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 41st Annual Meeting of Environmental-Mutagen-Society
CT 41st Annual Meeting of Complex Systems in Biology and Risk Assessment
CY OCT 23-27, 2010
CY OCT 23-27, 2010
CL Ft Worth, TX
CL Ft Worth, TX
SP Environ Mutagen Soc
SP Environ Mutagen Soc
C1 [Sridharan, D.; Whalen, M.; Almendrala, D.; Yannone, S. M.; Pluth, J. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Cucinotta, F.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RI Yannone, Steven/G-1927-2011
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0893-6692
EI 1098-2280
J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN
JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 51
IS 7
BP 717
EP 717
PG 1
WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA 639XE
UT WOS:000281009600134
ER
PT J
AU Urbin, SS
Hinz, JM
Thompson, LH
AF Urbin, S. S.
Hinz, J. M.
Thompson, L. H.
TI Reduced Rad51 Foci Formation in Rad51D Null CHO Cells during Disruption
of DNA Replication is Uncoupled from Cell Killing
SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 41st Annual Meeting of Environmental-Mutagen-Society
CT 41st Annual Meeting of Complex Systems in Biology and Risk Assessment
CY OCT 23-27, 2010
CY OCT 23-27, 2010
CL Ft Worth, TX
CL Ft Worth, TX
SP Environ Mutagen Soc
SP Environ Mutagen Soc
C1 [Urbin, S. S.; Thompson, L. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA.
[Hinz, J. M.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0893-6692
EI 1098-2280
J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN
JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 51
IS 7
BP 719
EP 719
PG 1
WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA 639XE
UT WOS:000281009600140
ER
PT J
AU Sieber, JR
Sims, DR
Han, C
Kim, E
Lykidis, A
Lapidus, AL
McDonnald, E
Rohlin, L
Culley, DE
Gunsalus, R
McInerney, MJ
AF Sieber, Jessica R.
Sims, David R.
Han, Cliff
Kim, Edwin
Lykidis, Athanasios
Lapidus, Alla L.
McDonnald, Erin
Rohlin, Lars
Culley, David E.
Gunsalus, Robert
McInerney, Michael J.
TI The genome of Syntrophomonas wolfei: new insights into syntrophic
metabolism and biohydrogen production
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER FLAVOPROTEIN; CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; ERECTA SUBSP
SPOROSYNTROPHA; PURE CULTURE; SP NOV.; UBIQUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE;
CLOSTRIDIUM-KLUYVERI; ENERGY-CONSERVATION; ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA;
ESCHERICHIA-COLI
AB P>Syntrophomonas wolfei is a specialist, evolutionarily adapted for syntrophic growth with methanogens and other hydrogen- and/or formate-using microorganisms. This slow-growing anaerobe has three putative ribosome RNA operons, each of which has 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes of different length and multiple 5S rRNA genes. The genome also contains 10 RNA-directed, DNA polymerase genes. Genomic analysis shows that S. wolfei relies solely on the reduction of protons, bicarbonate or unsaturated fatty acids to re-oxidize reduced cofactors. Syntrophomonas wolfei lacks the genes needed for aerobic or anaerobic respiration and has an exceptionally limited ability to create ion gradients. An ATP synthase and a pyrophosphatase were the only systems detected capable of creating an ion gradient. Multiple homologues for beta-oxidation genes were present even though S. wolfei uses a limited range of fatty acids from four to eight carbons in length.Syntrophomonas wolfei, other syntrophic metabolizers with completed genomic sequences, and thermophilic anaerobes known to produce high molar ratios of hydrogen from glucose have genes to produce H(2) from NADH by an electron bifurcation mechanism. Comparative genomic analysis also suggests that formate production from NADH may involve electron bifurcation. A membrane-bound, iron-sulfur oxidoreductase found in S. wolfei and Syntrophus aciditrophicus may be uniquely involved in reverse electron transport during syntrophic fatty acid metabolism. The genome sequence of S. wolfei reveals several core reactions that may be characteristic of syntrophic fatty acid metabolism and illustrates how biological systems produce hydrogen from thermodynamically difficult reactions.
C1 [Sieber, Jessica R.; McInerney, Michael J.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Sims, David R.; Han, Cliff; Kim, Edwin; Lykidis, Athanasios; Lapidus, Alla L.] Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA.
[McDonnald, Erin; Rohlin, Lars; Gunsalus, Robert] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Microbiol Mol Genet & Immunol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Culley, David E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Biol Proc Dev Grp, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP McInerney, MJ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
EM mcinerney@ou.edu
RI McInerney, Michael/E-6215-2012; Lapidus, Alla/I-4348-2013
OI Lapidus, Alla/0000-0003-0427-8731
FU Department of Energy [DE-FG03-96-ER-20212, DE-FG02-08ER64689]; National
Science Foundation [NSF EF-0333294]
FX This work was supported by Department of Energy contracts
DE-FG03-96-ER-20212 (to M.J.M.) and DE-FG02-08ER64689 (to R.G. and
M.J.M.), and the National Science Foundation Grant NSF EF-0333294 (to
R.P.G. and M.J.M.).
NR 75
TC 47
Z9 309
U1 9
U2 48
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1462-2912
J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL
JI Environ. Microbiol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 12
IS 8
BP 2289
EP 2301
DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02237.x
PG 13
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 635JX
UT WOS:000280652500020
PM 21966920
ER
PT J
AU Haranczyk, M
Puzyn, T
Ng, EG
AF Haranczyk, Maciej
Puzyn, Tomasz
Ng, Esmond G.
TI On enumeration of congeners of common persistent organic pollutants
SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
LA English
DT Article
DE Congeners; Persistent organic pollutants
ID BIPHENYLS OH-PCBS; DIOXINS; PBDES; JAPAN
AB Congeners are molecules based on the same carbon skeleton but different by the number of substituents and/or a substitution pattern. Various Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) exist in the environment as families of halogen substituted congeners and/or their hydroxyl and methoxy substituted derivatives. Numbers of possible congeners resulting from substitution of a parent POP molecule with only one type of chemical group are generally available. At the same time, numbers of mixed-substituent congeners have not been counted and presented yet, although there is an increasing interest in such as is the increasing number of research articles presenting results on already identified Cl-/Br-mixed type congeners and/or their HO/CH(3)O-mixed metabolites. We have enumerated and counted possible mixed-substituent congeners of common POPs. This article presents the obtained numbers for congener families of benzene, naphthalene, biphenyl, diphenyl ether, dibenzo-p-dioxin, dibenzofuran, anthracene, pyrene and others and obtained by substitution of up to five chemical group types. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Haranczyk, Maciej; Ng, Esmond G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Puzyn, Tomasz] Univ Gdansk, Dept Chem, Lab Environm Chemometr, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland.
RP Haranczyk, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 50F-1650, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM mharanczyk@lbl.gov
RI Haranczyk, Maciej/A-6380-2014;
OI Haranczyk, Maciej/0000-0001-7146-9568; Puzyn, Tomasz/0000-0003-0449-8339
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Foundation for Polish
Science; Norwegian Financial Mechanism; EEA Financial Mechanism in
Poland
FX We acknowledge the fruitful discussions with Noriyuki Suzuki about the
importance of studies on the mixed-substituent congeners. Maciej
Haranczyk is a 2008 Seaborg Fellow at Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory. This research was supported in part (to M.H. and E.N.) by
the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Tomasz
Puzyn is a recipient of the HOMING Fellowship granted by the Foundation
for Polish Science for and financed by the Norwegian Financial Mechanism
and the EEA Financial Mechanism in Poland.
NR 19
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0269-7491
J9 ENVIRON POLLUT
JI Environ. Pollut.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 158
IS 8
BP 2786
EP 2789
DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.05.011
PG 4
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 634HM
UT WOS:000280571500037
PM 20619175
ER
PT J
AU Skomurski, FN
Rosso, KM
Krupka, KM
McGrail, BP
AF Skomurski, Frances N.
Rosso, Kevin M.
Krupka, Kenneth M.
McGrail, B. Pete
TI Technetium Incorporation into Hematite (alpha-Fe2O3)
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; POWDER DIFFRACTION; PERTECHNETATE ION; GREEN RUST;
IRON; REDUCTION; TRANSPORT; SORPTION; FE(II); TC-99
AB Quantum-mechanical methods were used to evaluate mechanisms for possible structural incorporation of Tc species into the model iron oxide, hematite (alpha-Fe2O3). Using periodic supercell models, energies for charge-neutral incorporation of Tc4+ or TcO4- ions were calculated using either a Tc4+/Fe2+ substitution scheme on the metal sublattice, or by insertion of TcO4- as an interstitial species within a hypothetical vacancy cluster. Although pertechnetate incorporation is found to be invariably unfavorable, incorporation of small amounts of Tc4+ (at least 2.6 wt %) is energetically feasible. Energy minimized bond distances around this impurity are provided to aid in future spectroscopic identification of these impurity species. The calculations also show that Fe2+ and Tc4+ prefer to cluster in the hematite lattice, attributed to less net Coulombic repulsion relative to that of Fe3+-Fe3+. These modeling predictions are generally consistent with observed selective association of Tc with iron oxide under reducing conditions, and in residual waste solids from underground storage tanks at the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford Site (Washington, U.S.). Here, even though relatively high pH and oxidizing conditions are dominant, Tc incorporation into iron oxides and (oxy)hydroxides is prospectively enabled by prior reduction of TcO4- to Tc4+ via interaction with radiolytic species.
C1 [Skomurski, Frances N.; Rosso, Kevin M.; Krupka, Kenneth M.; McGrail, B. Pete] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Skomurski, FN (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM frances.skomurski@pnl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of
Biological and Environmental Research at Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory (PNNL); DOE [DE-AC05-76RL0 1830]
FX This manuscript is dedicated to our late coauthor and friend, Kenneth M.
Krupka. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy,
Environmental Management Science Program. We also gratefully acknowledge
support from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological
and Environmental Research under the Science Focus Area program at
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Computational molecular
modeling was performed at the W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular
Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by
the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental
Research and located at PNNL. PNNL is operated for the DOE by Battelle
Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC05-76RL0 1830.
NR 60
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 4
U2 38
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 15
BP 5855
EP 5861
DI 10.1021/es100069x
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 631SD
UT WOS:000280367200033
PM 20666557
ER
PT J
AU Bopp, CJ
Lundstrom, CC
Johnson, TM
Sanford, RA
Long, PE
Williams, KH
AF Bopp, Charles John
Lundstrom, Craig C.
Johnson, Thomas M.
Sanford, Robert A.
Long, Philip E.
Williams, Kenneth H.
TI Uranium U-238/U-235 Isotope Ratios as Indicators of Reduction: Results
from an in situ Biostimulation Experiment at Rifle, Colorado, USA
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HEAVY-ELEMENTS; FRACTIONATION; GEOCHEMISTRY; URANINITE; EQUATION; OXIDES
AB The attenuation of groundwater contamination via chemical reaction is traditionally evaluated by monitoring contaminant concentration through time. However, this method can be confounded by common transport processes (e.g., dilution, sorption). Isotopic techniques bypass the limits of concentration methods, and so may provide improved accuracy in determining the extent of reaction. We apply measurements of U-238/U-735 to a U bioremediation field experiment at the Rifle Integrated Field Research Challenge Site in Rifle, Colorado. An array of monitoring and injection wells was installed on a 100 m(2) plot where U(VI) contamination was present in the groundwater. Acetate-amended groundwater was injected along an up-gradient gallery to encourage the growth of dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria (e.g., Geobacter species). During amendment, U concentration dropped by an order of magnitude in the experiment plot We measured U-238/U-235 in samples from one monitoring well by MC-ICP-MS using a double isotope tracer method. A significant similar to 1.00 parts per thousand decrease in W-238/U-235 occurred in the groundwater as U(VI) concentration decreased. The relationship between U-238/U-235 and concentration corresponds approximately to a Rayleigh distillation curve with an effective fractionation factor (alpha) of 1.00046. We attribute the observed U isotope fractionation to a nuclear field shift effect during enzymatic reduction of U(VI)((aq)) to U(IV)((s)).
C1 [Bopp, Charles John; Lundstrom, Craig C.; Johnson, Thomas M.; Sanford, Robert A.; Long, Philip E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Williams, Kenneth H.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Bopp, CJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, 253 Nat Hist Bldg,1301 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
EM cbopp2@illinois.edu
RI Johnson, Thomas/A-2740-2008; Long, Philip/F-5728-2013; Williams,
Kenneth/O-5181-2014
OI Johnson, Thomas/0000-0003-1620-1408; Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682;
Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155
FU NSF [EAR-0732481]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S.
Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FC02ER63446]; Department of
Energy [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]
FX We thank Zhaofeng Zhang and Xiaoxiao Li for their invaluable assistance
in the laboratory, and Gideon Bartov for assistance in developing the
Rayleigh model. We also thank S. Morris, R. Dayvault, M. Wilkins, A. L.
N'Guessan, P. Mouser, and H. Elifantz for their assistance and work on
the Winchester experiment. This work was supported in part by NSF grant
EAR-0732481 and the Environmental Remediation Science Program, Office of
Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy
(DE-AC02-05CH11231) and Cooperative Agreement DE-FC02ER63446. Field
experiments were conducted as part of the Integrated Field Research
Challenge site at Rifle, CO; a multidisciplinary, multi-institutional
project managed for ERSP by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
(PNNL). PNNL is operated for the Department of Energy by Battelle
Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830.
NR 41
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 1
U2 34
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
EI 1520-5851
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 15
BP 5927
EP 5933
DI 10.1021/es100643v
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 631SD
UT WOS:000280367200044
PM 20597538
ER
PT J
AU Hardy, F
Burger, P
Wolf, T
Fisher, RA
Schweiss, P
Adelmann, P
Heid, R
Fromknecht, R
Eder, R
Ernst, D
von Lohneysen, H
Meingast, C
AF Hardy, F.
Burger, P.
Wolf, T.
Fisher, R. A.
Schweiss, P.
Adelmann, P.
Heid, R.
Fromknecht, R.
Eder, R.
Ernst, D.
v. Loehneysen, H.
Meingast, C.
TI Doping evolution of superconducting gaps and electronic densities of
states in Ba(Fe1-xCox)(2)As-2 iron pnictides
SO EPL
LA English
DT Article
AB An extensive calorimetric study of the normal- and superconducting-state properties of Ba(Fe1-xCox)(2)As-2 is presented for 0 < x < 0.2. The normal- state Sommerfeld coefficient increases (decreases) with Co doping for x < 0.06 (x > 0.06), which illustrates the strong competition between magnetism and superconductivity to monopolize the Fermi surface in the underdoped region and the filling of the hole bands for overdoped Ba(Fe(1-x)Cox)(2)As-2. All superconducting samples exhibit a residual electronic density of states of unknown origin in the zero-temperature limit, which is minimal at optimal doping but increases to the normal- state value in the strongly under- and over-doped regions. The remaining specific heat in the superconducting state is well described using a two-band model with isotropic s-wave superconducting gaps.
C1 [Hardy, F.; Burger, P.; Wolf, T.; Schweiss, P.; Adelmann, P.; Heid, R.; Fromknecht, R.; Eder, R.; Ernst, D.; v. Loehneysen, H.; Meingast, C.] Karlsruher Inst Technol, Inst Festkorperphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
[v. Loehneysen, H.] Karlsruher Inst Technol, Inst Phys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Fisher, R. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Hardy, F (reprint author), Karlsruher Inst Technol, Inst Festkorperphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
EM frederic.hardy@kit.edu
FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SPP 1458]
FX This work is part of the DFG priority program (SPP 1458)
"High-Temperature Superconductivity in Iron Pnictides" funded by the
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG).
NR 52
TC 73
Z9 73
U1 0
U2 9
PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY
PI MULHOUSE
PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE
SN 0295-5075
J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT
JI EPL
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 91
IS 4
AR 47008
DI 10.1209/0295-5075/91/47008
PG 6
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 652CK
UT WOS:000281978400026
ER
PT J
AU Kang, W
Machta, J
Ben-Naim, E
AF Kang, W.
Machta, J.
Ben-Naim, E.
TI Granular gases under extreme driving
SO EPL
LA English
DT Article
ID INELASTIC COLLAPSE; DISSIPATIVE GASES; MEDIA; DISTRIBUTIONS;
FLUCTUATIONS; DRIVEN; FLOWS
AB We study inelastic gases in two dimensions using event-driven molecular-dynamics simulations. Our focus is the nature of the stationary state attained by rare injection of large amounts of energy to balance the dissipation due to collisions. We find that under such extreme driving, with the injection rate much smaller than the collision rate, the velocity distribution has a power-law high-energy tail. The numerically measured exponent characterizing this tail is in excellent agreement with predictions of kinetic theory over a wide range of system parameters. We conclude that driving by rare but powerful energy injection leads to a well-mixed gas and constitutes an alternative mechanism for agitating granular matter. In this distinct nonequilibrium steady state, energy cascades from large to small scales. Our simulations also show that when the injection rate is comparable with the collision rate, the velocity distribution has a stretched exponential tail. Copyright (c) EPLA, 2010
C1 [Kang, W.; Machta, J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Ben-Naim, E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Ben-Naim, E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Kang, W (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
EM wfkang@gmail.com; machta@physics.umass.edu; ebn@lanl.gov
RI Ben-Naim, Eli/C-7542-2009
OI Ben-Naim, Eli/0000-0002-2444-7304
FU NSF [DMR-0907235]; DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]
FX We thank N. Menon, F. Werner for useful discussions and H.-Q. Wang for
sharing the moleculardynamics code. We acknowledge financial support
from NSF grant DMR-0907235 (JM and WK) and DOE grant DE-AC52-06NA25396
(EB).
NR 35
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 4
PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY
PI MULHOUSE
PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE
SN 0295-5075
J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT
JI EPL
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 91
IS 3
AR 34002
DI 10.1209/0295-5075/91/34002
PG 6
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 654SM
UT WOS:000282189800011
ER
PT J
AU Work, VH
Radakovits, R
Jinkerson, RE
Meuser, JE
Elliott, LG
Vinyard, DJ
Laurens, LML
Dismukes, GC
Posewitz, MC
AF Work, Victoria H.
Radakovits, Randor
Jinkerson, Robert E.
Meuser, Jonathan E.
Elliott, Lee G.
Vinyard, David J.
Laurens, Lieve M. L.
Dismukes, G. Charles
Posewitz, Matthew C.
TI Increased Lipid Accumulation in the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii sta7-10
Starchless Isoamylase Mutant and Increased Carbohydrate Synthesis in
Complemented Strains
SO EUKARYOTIC CELL
LA English
DT Article
ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; BIOFUEL PRODUCTION; HYDROGEN
PHOTOPRODUCTION; GROWTH; BIOSYNTHESIS; FLUORESCENCE; METABOLISM;
EVOLUTION; PROTEIN; GENE
AB The accumulation of bioenergy carriers was assessed in two starchless mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (the sta6 [ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase] and sta7-10 [isoamylase] mutants), a control strain (CC124), and two complemented strains of the sta7-10 mutant. The results indicate that the genetic blockage of starch synthesis in the sta6 and sta7-10 mutants increases the accumulation of lipids on a cellular basis during nitrogen deprivation relative to that in the CC124 control as determined by conversion to fatty acid methyl esters. However, this increased level of lipid accumulation is energetically insufficient to completely offset the loss of cellular starch that is synthesized by CC124 during nitrogen deprivation. We therefore investigated acetate utilization and O(2) evolution to obtain further insights into the physiological adjustments utilized by the two starchless mutants in the absence of starch synthesis. The results demonstrate that both starchless mutants metabolize less acetate and have more severely attenuated levels of photosynthetic O2 evolution than CC124, indicating that a decrease in overall anabolic processes is a significant physiological response in the starchless mutants during nitrogen deprivation. Interestingly, two independent sta7-10:STA7 complemented strains exhibited significantly greater quantities of cellular starch and lipid than CC124 during acclimation to nitrogen deprivation. Moreover, the complemented strains synthesized significant quantities of starch even when cultured in nutrient-replete medium.
C1 [Radakovits, Randor; Jinkerson, Robert E.; Posewitz, Matthew C.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Work, Victoria H.; Meuser, Jonathan E.; Elliott, Lee G.] Colorado Sch Mines, Div Environm Sci & Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Vinyard, David J.; Dismukes, G. Charles] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
[Vinyard, David J.; Dismukes, G. Charles] Rutgers State Univ, Waksman Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
[Laurens, Lieve M. L.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Posewitz, MC (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM mposewit@mines.edu
RI Dismukes, Gerard/I-4905-2012; Laurens, Lieve/B-3545-2013
OI Dismukes, Gerard/0000-0003-0155-0541;
FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-05-1-0365]; U.S.
Department of Energy
FX We acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research
(grant FA9550-05-1-0365) ( M. C. P.) and the U.S. Department of Energy
BES and BER programs.
NR 48
TC 156
Z9 160
U1 7
U2 54
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 1535-9778
J9 EUKARYOT CELL
JI Eukaryot. Cell
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 9
IS 8
BP 1251
EP 1261
DI 10.1128/EC.00075-10
PG 11
WC Microbiology; Mycology
SC Microbiology; Mycology
GA 634JO
UT WOS:000280577300011
PM 20562225
ER
PT J
AU Ladrak, T
Smulders, S
Roubeau, O
Teat, SJ
Gamez, P
Reedijk, J
AF Ladrak, Tim
Smulders, Simon
Roubeau, Olivier
Teat, Simon J.
Gamez, Patrick
Reedijk, Jan
TI Manganese-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks as Heterogeneous Catalysts for
the Cyanosilylation of Acetaldehyde
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Metal-organic networks; Heterogeneous catalysis; Manganese; Lewis acids;
Trigonal prisms
ID POROUS COORDINATION POLYMERS; RAY CHARGE-DENSITY; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES;
GAS-ADSORPTION; TRIMETHYLSILYL CYANIDE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BUILDING
UNITS; PORE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; TEREPHTHALATE
AB Two new metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), namely [Mn(3)(atpa)(3)(dmf)(2)] and [Mn(2)(tpa)(2)(dmf)(2)], were prepared in N,N-dimethylformamide (dmf) from manganese(II) nitrate and two dicarboxylic acid ligands, 2-aminoterephthalic acid (H(2)atpa) and terephthalic acid (H(2)tpa). The molecular structures of these MOFs are compared to two related coordination polymers, namely [Mn(3)(atpa)(2)(Hatpa)(2)] and [Mn(3)(tpa)(3)(-)(def)(2)], which were obtained in N,N-diethylformamide (def), to examine the effect of slight ligand or solvent changes on the framework architecture. The four Mn-based MOFs were used as effective Lewis catalysts for the cyanosilylation of acetaldehyde. The four heterogeneous catalytic systems can be re-used without any apparent loss of activity.
C1 [Roubeau, Olivier] CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
[Ladrak, Tim; Smulders, Simon; Gamez, Patrick; Reedijk, Jan] Leiden Univ, Leiden Inst Chem, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.
[Teat, Simon J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Roubeau, O (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Aragon, Plaza San Francisco S-N, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
EM roubeau@unizar.es; p.gamez@chem.leidenuniv.nl
RI Reedijk, Jan/F-1992-2010; Gamez, Patrick/B-3610-2012; Roubeau,
Olivier/A-6839-2010
OI Reedijk, Jan/0000-0002-6739-8514; Gamez, Patrick/0000-0003-2602-9525;
Roubeau, Olivier/0000-0003-2095-5843
FU European Cooperation in the Field of Science and Technology (COST)
[D35/0011]; Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas
(CSIC); Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Innovacion; European synchrotron
radiation facility (ESRF) [16-01-723]; Director, Office of Science,
Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energ
[DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX Support from the Graduate Research School Combination "Catalysis" and
the European Cooperation in the Field of Science and Technology (COST)
program Action D35/0011, the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Cientificas (CSIC), as well as from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y
Innovacion, for access to BM16 at the European synchrotron radiation
facility (ESRF) through grant number 16-01-723, are acknowledged. The
Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science,
Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under
Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 64
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 6
U2 64
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1434-1948
J9 EUR J INORG CHEM
JI Eur. J. Inorg. Chem.
PD AUG
PY 2010
IS 24
BP 3804
EP 3812
DI 10.1002/ejic.201000378
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
SC Chemistry
GA 648HX
UT WOS:000281684300014
ER
PT J
AU Michaelides, M
Pascau, J
Gispert, JD
Delis, F
Grandy, DK
Wang, GJ
Desco, M
Rubinstein, M
Volkow, ND
Thanos, PK
AF Michaelides, Michael
Pascau, Javier
Gispert, Juan-Domingo
Delis, Foteini
Grandy, David K.
Wang, Gene-Jack
Desco, Manuel
Rubinstein, Marcelo
Volkow, Nora D.
Thanos, Panayotis K.
TI Dopamine D4 receptors modulate brain metabolic activity in the
prefrontal cortex and cerebellum at rest and in response to
methylphenidate
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose; attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder; mice; micro-positron emission tomography; positron emission
tomography
ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY
DISORDER; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY;
CEREBRAL GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; WORKING-MEMORY; D-4 RECEPTOR; ANTERIOR
CINGULATE; FRONTAL-CORTEX; COGNITIVE TASK
AB Methylphenidate (MP) is widely used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Variable number of tandem repeats polymorphisms in the dopamine D4 receptor (D(4)) gene have been implicated in vulnerability to ADHD and the response to MP. Here we examined the contribution of dopamine D4 receptors (D4Rs) to baseline brain glucose metabolism and to the regional metabolic responses to MP. We compared brain glucose metabolism (measured with micro-positron emission tomography and [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose) at baseline and after MP (10 mg/kg, i.p.) administration in mice with genetic deletion of the D(4). Images were analyzed using a novel automated image registration procedure. Baseline D(4)-/- mice had lower metabolism in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and greater metabolism in the cerebellar vermis (CBV) than D(4)+/+ and D(4)+/- mice; when given MP, D(4)-/- mice increased metabolism in the PFC and decreased it in the CBV, whereas in D(4)+/+ and D(4)+/- mice, MP decreased metabolism in the PFC and increased it in the CBV. These findings provide evidence that D4Rs modulate not only the PFC, which may reflect the activation by dopamine of D4Rs located in this region, but also the CBV, which may reflect an indirect modulation as D4Rs are minimally expressed in this region. As individuals with ADHD show structural and/or functional abnormalities in these brain regions, the association of ADHD with D4Rs may reflect its modulation of these brain regions. The differential response to MP as a function of genotype could explain differences in brain functional responses to MP between patients with ADHD and healthy controls and between patients with ADHD with different D(4) polymorphisms.
C1 [Michaelides, Michael; Thanos, Panayotis K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Behav Neuropharmacol & Neuroimaging Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Michaelides, Michael] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Pascau, Javier; Desco, Manuel] Univ Gregorio Maranon, Gen Hosp, Madrid, Spain.
[Gispert, Juan-Domingo; Thanos, Panayotis K.] Inst Alta Tecnol, Barcelona, Spain.
[Delis, Foteini; Wang, Gene-Jack; Volkow, Nora D.; Thanos, Panayotis K.] NIAAA, Lab Neuroimaging, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA.
[Grandy, David K.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR USA.
[Rubinstein, Marcelo] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Biol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
RP Thanos, PK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Behav Neuropharmacol & Neuroimaging Lab, 30 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM thanos@bnl.gov
RI Pascau, Javier/B-5734-2013; Michaelides, Michael/K-4736-2013; Desco,
Manuel/D-2822-2009;
OI Pascau, Javier/0000-0003-1484-731X; Michaelides,
Michael/0000-0003-0398-4917; Desco, Manuel/0000-0003-0989-3231; Gispert,
Juan Domingo/0000-0002-6155-0642
FU NIAAA [AA 11 034, AA07574, AA07611]
FX This work was supported by the NIAAA (AA 11 034, AA07574 and AA07611).
NR 95
TC 13
Z9 15
U1 3
U2 7
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0953-816X
J9 EUR J NEUROSCI
JI Eur. J. Neurosci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 32
IS 4
BP 668
EP 676
DI 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07319.x
PG 9
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 639TD
UT WOS:000280996500017
PM 20646063
ER
PT J
AU Meissner, R
Rupp, H
Seeger, J
Ollesch, G
Gee, GW
AF Meissner, R.
Rupp, H.
Seeger, J.
Ollesch, G.
Gee, G. W.
TI A comparison of water flux measurements: passive wick-samplers versus
drainage lysimeters
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID ESTIMATING GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; VADOSE-ZONE; CAPILLARY SAMPLERS; SOLUTE
TRANSPORT; FIBERGLASS WICKS; FIELD-EVALUATION; SOIL; FLUXMETER; REGIONS
AB Quantification of soil water flow is a prerequisite to accurate prediction of solute transfer within the unsaturated zone. The monitoring of these fluxes is challenging because the results are required to answer both scientific and practical questions regarding protection of groundwater, sustainable management of agricultural, forestry, mining or set-aside industrial areas, reducing leachate loss from landfills or explaining the fate of environmentally harmful substances. Both indirect and direct methods exist for estimating water-flux rates and have been used with varying success. In Europe, the use of direct lysimetry methods for measuring water and solute fluxes in soils has increased in recent years. This technique ensures reliable drainage data, but requires relatively large investment and maintenance expenses. Other research groups, especially in the USA, have developed alternative techniques. In this paper we compare the functioning of a passive-wick sampler, especially the deep-drainage meter type (DDM), with two different types of drainage lysimeters (weighing and non-weighing) under field conditions in Germany for the measurement period from May 2004 until April 2009. The study showed that under sandy soil conditions no significant differences occurred between the measurements from DDM and both drainage lysimeter types. Only in periods with increased precipitation was there a tendency of drainage over-estimation by the DDM in comparison with the lysimeters tested. For longer periods, no significant differences in the amount of drainage or the pattern of drainage formation were found between weighing and non-weighing gravitation lysimeters. The practical use of DDMs is restricted because the groundwater level must be > 2 m from the soil surface. Suggestions are made for the technical improvement of the DDM as well as the testing of the device with more cohesive soils.
C1 [Meissner, R.; Rupp, H.; Seeger, J.; Ollesch, G.] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Lysimeter Stn, Dept Soil Phys, D-39615 Falkenberg, Germany.
[Gee, G. W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Energy & Environm, Hydrol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Meissner, R (reprint author), UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Lysimeter Stn, Dept Soil Phys, Dorfstr 55, D-39615 Falkenberg, Germany.
EM ralph.meissner@ufz.de
FU German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [02WT0099,
02WT0480, 02WT0913]
FX This work was partly financed by the German Federal Ministry of
Education and Research (BMBF) and is part of the joint German-Russian
Project 'Volga-Rhine', contract numbers 02WT0099, 02WT0480 and 02WT0913.
We thank also the anonymous reviewers for constructive suggestions.
NR 35
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 17
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1351-0754
J9 EUR J SOIL SCI
JI Eur. J. Soil Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 61
IS 4
BP 609
EP 621
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2389.2010.01255.x
PG 13
WC Soil Science
SC Agriculture
GA 625MS
UT WOS:000279900000015
ER
PT J
AU Yeoh, EY
Zhu, SJ
Hamilton, JH
Ramayya, AV
Yang, YC
Sun, Y
Hwang, JK
Liu, SH
Wang, JG
Luo, YX
Rasmussen, JO
Lee, IY
Ding, HB
Li, K
Gu, L
Xu, Q
Xiao, ZG
Ma, WC
AF Yeoh, E. Y.
Zhu, S. J.
Hamilton, J. H.
Ramayya, A. V.
Yang, Y. C.
Sun, Y.
Hwang, J. K.
Liu, S. H.
Wang, J. G.
Luo, Y. X.
Rasmussen, J. O.
Lee, I. Y.
Ding, H. B.
Li, K.
Gu, L.
Xu, Q.
Xiao, Z. G.
Ma, W. C.
TI High-spin states and a new band based on the isomeric state in Nd-152
SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A
LA English
DT Article
ID LANTHANIDE NUCLEUS ND-152; OCTUPOLE CORRELATIONS; SPONTANEOUS FISSION;
NEUTRON; ISOTOPES; IDENTIFICATION; DEFORMATION; CE-148
AB High-spin states of the neutron-rich Nd-152 nucleus have been reinvestigated by measuring the prompt gamma-rays in the spontaneous fission of Cf-252. The ground-state band and a side negative-parity band have been updated. A new band based on the 2243.7 keV isomeric state has been identified. The half-life for the isomeric state has been measured to be 63(7) ns. The projected shell model is employed to study the band structure of this nucleus. The results show that the calculated levels of the bands are in good agreement with the experimental ones, and the isomeric state and the negative-parity band are based on the proton pi 5/2(-)[532]circle times pi 9/2(+)[404] and neutron v3/2(-)[521]circle times v5/2(+)[642] two-quasiparticles configurations, respectively.
C1 [Yeoh, E. Y.; Zhu, S. J.; Wang, J. G.; Ding, H. B.; Gu, L.; Xu, Q.; Xiao, Z. G.] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
[Zhu, S. J.; Hamilton, J. H.; Ramayya, A. V.; Hwang, J. K.; Liu, S. H.; Luo, Y. X.; Li, K.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.
[Yang, Y. C.; Sun, Y.] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
[Luo, Y. X.; Rasmussen, J. O.; Lee, I. Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Ma, W. C.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
RP Yeoh, EY (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
EM yeoheingyee@gmail.com; zhushj@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
RI XIAO, Zhigang/C-3788-2015; Sun, Yang/P-2417-2015;
OI Hwang, Jae-Kwang/0000-0002-4100-3473
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [10775078, 10975082,
10875077]; Major State Basic Research Development Program
[2007CB815005]; Higher Education Science Foundation [20070003149,
20090073110061]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG05-88ER40407,
DE-FG02-95ER40939, DE-AC03-76SF00098]
FX The work at Tsinghua University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University was
supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under
Grants Nos. 10775078, 10975082, 10875077, the Major State Basic Research
Development Program under Grand No. 2007CB815005, the Special Program of
Higher Education Science Foundation under Grant Nos. 20070003149 and
20090073110061. The work at Vanderbilt University, Mississippi State
University and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was supported by
U.S. Department of Energy under Grant and Contract Nos.
DE-FG05-88ER40407, DE-FG02-95ER40939 and DE-AC03-76SF00098.
NR 21
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U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1434-6001
J9 EUR PHYS J A
JI Eur. Phys. J. A
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 45
IS 2
BP 147
EP 151
DI 10.1140/epja/i2010-11001-6
PG 5
WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA 634KD
UT WOS:000280578800001
ER
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AU Aamodt, K
Abel, N
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TI Charged-particle multiplicity measurement in proton-proton collisions at
root s=7 TeV with ALICE at LHC
SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
LA English
DT Article
ID PSEUDORAPIDITY DISTRIBUTIONS; PP INTERACTIONS; ENERGIES; PHYSICS
AB The pseudorapidity density and multiplicity distribution of charged particles produced in proton-proton collisions at the LHC, at a centre-of-mass energy root s = 7 TeV, were measured in the central pseudorapidity region vertical bar eta vertical bar < 1. Comparisons are made with previous measurements at root s = 0.9 TeV and 2.36 TeV. At root s = 7 TeV, for events with at least one charged particle in |eta vertical bar| < 1, we obtain dN(ch)/d eta = 6.01 +/- 0.01(stat.)(-0.12)(+0.20) (syst.). This corresponds to an increase of 57.6%+/-0.4%(stat.)(-1.8%)(+3.6) (syst.) relative to collisions at 0.9 TeV, significantly higher than calculations from commonly used models. The multiplicity distribution at 7 TeV is described fairly well by the negative binomial distribution.
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[Bathen, B.; Baumann, C.; Dietel, T.; Glasow, R.; Grabski, V.; Heide, M.; Kalisky, M.; Rammler, M.; Real, J. S.; Reygers, K.; Santo, R.; Wessels, J.; Westerhoff, U.; Wilk, A.] Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, Munster, Germany.
[Aphecetche, L.; Batigne, G.; Benhabib, L.; Bourdaud, G.; del Valle, Z. Conesa; Cussonneau, J.; Delagrange, H.; Dialinas, M.; Estienne, M.; Germain, M.; Ichou, R.; Le Bris, N.; LefSvre, F.; Lenhardt, M.; Luquin, L.; Martinez Garcia, G.; Pillot, P.; Roy, C.; Schutz, Y.; Tournaire, A.; Yermia, F.; Zagreev, B.] Univ Nantes, CNRS, IN2P3, SUBATECH,Ecole Mines Nantes, Nantes, France.
[Aronsson, T.; Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Heinz, M.; Hicks, B.; Ma, R.; Pujahari, P.; Putschke, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA.
[Frankenfeld, U.; Pestov, Y.] Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
[Awes, T. C.; Enokizono, A.; Silvermyr, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
[Abeysekara, U.; Cherney, M.; Gorbunov, Y.; Gotovac, S.; Malagalage, K. J.; Nilsen, B. S.; Turvey, A.] Creighton Univ, Dept Phys, Omaha, NE 68178 USA.
[Bimbot, L.; Boyer, B.; Chambert, V.; Charpy, A.; Espagnon, B.; Harutyunyan, A.; Hrivnacova, I.; Lafage, V.; Le Bornec, Y.; Lpez Noriega, M.; Malek, M.; Peyre, J.; Pouthas, J.; Rousseau, S.; Suire, C.; Tapia Takaki, D. J.; Willis, N.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, IPNO, Orsay, France.
[Aamodt, K.; Arsene, I. C.; Bravina, L.; Dordic, O.; Eyyubova, G.; Hille, P. T.; Kolevatov, R.; Kvaerno, H.; Lindal, S.; Lovhoiden, G.; Milosevic, J.; Nilsson, M. S.; Nyiri, A.; Skaali, T. B.; Tveter, T. S.; Tywoniuk, K.; Wikne, J.; Zabrodin, E.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway.
[Bianchin, C.; Bombonati, C.; Bortolin, C.; Caffarri, D.; Dainese, A.; Di Liberto, S.; Fabris, D.; Gupta, R.; Lunardon, M.; Mazzoni, M. A.; Meddi, F.; Muller, H.; Munhoz, M. G.; Pepato, A.; Sahoo, R.; Scarlassara, F.; Segato, G.; Soramel, F.; Turrisi, R.; Urciuoli, G. M.; Viesti, G.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy.
[Bianchin, C.; Bombonati, C.; Bortolin, C.; Caffarri, D.; Lunardon, M.; Meddi, F.; Muller, H.; Munhoz, M. G.; Sahoo, R.; Scarlassara, F.; Segato, G.; Soramel, F.; Viesti, G.] Dipartimento Fis Univ, Padua, Italy.
[Bielik, J.; Kral, J.; Krus, M.; Pachr, M.; Petraek, V.; Pospiil, V.; Smakal, R.; Tlusty, D.; Wagner, V.; Zychaek, V.] Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn, CR-11519 Prague, Czech Republic.
[Mare, J.; Polak, K.; Zavada, P.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic.
[Bogolyubsky, M.; Kharlov, Y.; Kim, J.; Polichtchouk, B.; Sadovsky, S.; Soloviev, A.; Stolpovsky, P.; Zenin, A.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia.
[Maldonado, I. Cortes; Fernandez Tellez, A.; Gonzalez Santos, H.; Lpez-Ramirez, R.; Martinez Hernandez, M. I.; Rodriguez Cahuantzi, M.; Roman Lpez, S.; Vargas, A.; Vergara, S.] Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
[Choi, K.; Lee, H.; Son, C. W.; Yi, J.; Yoo, I.-K.; Zalite, A.; Zaporozhets, S.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea.
[Adamova, D.; Bielikova, J.; Kapitan, J.; Kushpil, S.; Kushpil, V.; Sumbera, M.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic.
[Baldisseri, A.; Borel, H.; Castellanos, J. Castillo; Charvet, J. L.; Oppedisano, C.; Pereira, H.; Rakotozafindrabe, A.; Rashevskaya, I.; Staley, F.] IRFU, Commissariat Energie Atom, Saclay, France.
[Caro, A. De; Gruttola, D. De; Pasquale, S. De; Furget, C.; Pagano, P.; Russo, G.; Virgili, T.] Dipartimento Fis ER Caianiello Univ, Salerno, Italy.
[Klay, J. L.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA.
[Armesto, N.; Ferreiro, E. G.; Pajares, C.; Salgado, C. A.] Univ Santiago, Dept Fis Particulas, Santiago De Compostela, Spain.
[Armesto, N.; Ferreiro, E. G.; Pajares, C.; Salgado, C. A.] Univ Santiago, IGFAE, Santiago De Compostela, Spain.
[Barros, G. O. V. de; Deppman, A.; Figueredo, M. A. S.; Lozea Feijo Soares, A.; Suaide, A. A. P.; Szanto de Toledo, A.] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
[Basmanov, V.; Budnikov, D.; Demanov, V.; Filchagin, S.; Ilkaev, R.; Kuryakin, A.; Mamonov, A.; Nazarenko, S.; Nazarov, G.; Punin, A.; Punin, V.; Tejeda Muoz, G.; Tumkin, A.; Vikhlyantsev, O.; Vinogradov, Y.] Russian Fed Nucl Ctr VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia.
[Hwang, D. S.; Kim, J. H.; Kim, S.; Son, H.] Sejong Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul, South Korea.
[Bohm, J.; Chang, B.; Kang, J. H.; Kim, M.; Kim, Y.; Kwon, Y.; Song, M.] Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea.
[Gottschlag, H.] Tech Univ Split FESB, Split, Croatia.
[Asryan, A.; Braun, M.; Derkach, D.; Feofilov, G.; Ivanov, A.; Kolojvari, A.; Kondratiev, V.; Ochirov, A.; Semenov, D.; Vechernin, V.; Vickovic, L.; Vinogradov, L.; Zarochentsev, A.] St Petersburg State Univ, V Fock Inst Phys, St Petersburg, Russia.
[Belikov, I.; Coffin, J. -P.; Hippolyte, B.; Humanic, T. J.; Jangal, S.; Kuhn, C.; Lutz, J.-R.; Maire, A.; Michalon, A.] Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, IN2P3, IPHC, Strasbourg, France.
[Akimoto, R.; Hamagaki, H.; Hori, Y.; Okada, K.; Ozawa, K.; Sano, S.; Takahara, A.; Tsuji, T.] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
[Bala, R.; Beole, S.; Bianchi, L.; Biolcati, E.; Bosisio, L.; Bossu, F.; Bregant, M.; Camerini, P.; Cattaruzza, E.; Chiavassa, E.; Cobanoglu, O.; Contin, G.; Morales, Y. Corrales; Ferretti, A.; Formenti, F.; Gadrat, S.; Gago, A.; Garabatos, C.; Gros, P.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Luparello, G.; Margagliotti, G. V.; Marzari Chiesa, A.; Masera, M.; Ortiz Velasquez, A.; Padilla, F.; Piano, S.; Poggio, F.; Poghosyan, M. G.; Rachevski, A.; Rossi, A.; Rui, R.; Siciliano, M.; Stocco, D.; Subieta Vasquez, M. A.; Vacchi, A.; Venaruzzo, M.; Vercellin, E.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy.
[Chujo, T.; Esumi, S.; Inaba, M.; Miake, Y.; Sakata, D.; Sano, M.; Shimomura, M.; Tanabe, R.; Watanabe, K.; Yokoyama, H.; Zanevsky, Yu.] Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Chojnacki, M.; Christakoglou, P.; de Rooij, R.; Grigoras, A.; Ivan, C.; Kamermans, R.; Mischke, A.; Nooren, G.; Peitzmann, T.; Simili, E.; van Leeuwen, M.; Verweij, M.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Subatom Phys, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Deloff, A.; Dobrowolski, T.; Ilkiv, I.; Kurashvili, P.; Redlich, K.; Siemiarczuk, T.; Stefanek, G.; Wilk, G.] Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland.
[Kikola, D.; Kupczak, R.; Oldenburg, M.; A-sterman, L.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Szuba, M.; Traczyk, T.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland.
[Scharenberg, R. P.; Srivastava, B. K.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Conner, E. S.; Keidel, R.] Fachhsch Worms, ZTT, Worms, Germany.
[Abramyan, A.; Cai, X.; Ma, K.; Mao, Y.; Wan, R.; Wang, D.; Xu, C.; Yang, C.; Yin, Z.; Yuan, X.; Zampolli, C.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, D.; Zhu, J.] Hua Zhong Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
[Abramyan, A.; Grigoryan, S.; Guber, F.; Haiduc, M.; Hayrapetyan, A.; Papikyan, V.] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia.
[Anticic, T.; Nikolic, V.; Susa, T.] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb, Croatia.
RP Schukraft, J (reprint author), UnivPiemonte Orientale, Dipartimento Sci Tecnol Avanzate, Alessandria, Italy.
EM jurgen.schukraft@cern.ch
RI Chinellato, David/D-3092-2012; Barbera, Roberto/G-5805-2012; Deppman,
Airton/F-6332-2010; Pshenichnov, Igor/A-4063-2008; Christensen,
Christian Holm/A-4901-2010; Haiduc, Maria /C-5003-2011; Mitu,
Ciprian/E-6733-2011; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Mischke,
Andre/D-3614-2011; Petta, Catia/A-7023-2012; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012;
Felea, Daniel/C-1885-2012; Sevcenco, Adrian/C-1832-2012; Cortese,
Pietro/G-6754-2012; SCAPPARONE, EUGENIO/H-1805-2012; Aglieri Rinella,
Gianluca/I-8010-2012; Masera, Massimo/J-4313-2012; Bagnasco,
Stefano/J-4324-2012; Colla, Alberto/J-4694-2012; Gagliardi,
Martino/J-4787-2012; beole', stefania/G-9353-2012; Turrisi,
Rosario/H-4933-2012; Bregant, Marco/I-7663-2012; Christensen,
Christian/D-6461-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; feofilov,
grigory/A-2549-2013; Traczyk, Tomasz/C-1310-2013; Ramello,
Luciano/F-9357-2013; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/G-8915-2013; Voloshin,
Sergei/I-4122-2013; Becker, Bruce/I-5632-2013; Zarochentsev,
Andrey/J-6253-2013; Kondratiev, Valery/J-8574-2013; Barnafoldi, Gergely
Gabor/L-3486-2013; Levai, Peter/A-1544-2014; Guber, Fedor/I-4271-2013;
De Falco, Alessandro/N-1053-2013; Martinez Davalos, Arnulfo/F-3498-2013;
Wagner, Vladimir/G-5650-2014; Blau, Dmitry/H-4523-2012; Yang,
Hongyan/J-9826-2014; Cosentino, Mauro/L-2418-2014; Vacchi,
Andrea/C-1291-2010; Bearden, Ian/M-4504-2014; Sumbera,
Michal/O-7497-2014; Kharlov, Yuri/D-2700-2015; Usai,
Gianluca/E-9604-2015; Salgado, Carlos A./G-2168-2015; HAMAGAKI,
HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; BRAUN, MIKHAIL/I-6826-2013; Vechernin,
Vladimir/J-5832-2013; Adamova, Dagmar/G-9789-2014; de Cuveland,
Jan/H-6454-2016; Kutouski, Mikalai/I-1555-2016; Kurepin,
Alexey/H-4852-2013; Jena, Satyajit/P-2409-2015; Akindinov,
Alexander/J-2674-2016; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; van der Kolk,
Naomi/M-9423-2016; Deppman, Airton/J-5787-2014; Zagreev,
Boris/R-6460-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017;
Ferreiro, Elena/C-3797-2017; Armesto, Nestor/C-4341-2017; Martinez
Hernandez, Mario Ivan/F-4083-2010; Ferretti, Alessandro/F-4856-2013;
Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/I-5152-2016; Fernandez Tellez,
Arturo/E-9700-2017; Vickovic, Linda/F-3517-2017; Vinogradov,
Leonid/K-3047-2013;
OI Chinellato, David/0000-0002-9982-9577; Barbera,
Roberto/0000-0001-5971-6415; Deppman, Airton/0000-0001-9179-6363;
Pshenichnov, Igor/0000-0003-1752-4524; Christensen, Christian
Holm/0000-0002-1850-0121; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi,
Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Felea, Daniel/0000-0002-3734-9439; Sevcenco,
Adrian/0000-0002-4151-1056; Aglieri Rinella,
Gianluca/0000-0002-9611-3696; Christensen,
Christian/0000-0002-1850-0121; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X;
feofilov, grigory/0000-0003-3700-8623; Traczyk,
Tomasz/0000-0002-6602-4094; Castillo Castellanos,
Javier/0000-0002-5187-2779; Becker, Bruce/0000-0002-6607-7145;
Zarochentsev, Andrey/0000-0002-3502-8084; Kondratiev,
Valery/0000-0002-0031-0741; Guber, Fedor/0000-0001-8790-3218; Martinez
Davalos, Arnulfo/0000-0002-9481-9548; Cosentino,
Mauro/0000-0002-7880-8611; Vacchi, Andrea/0000-0003-3855-5856; Bearden,
Ian/0000-0003-2784-3094; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Usai,
Gianluca/0000-0002-8659-8378; Salgado, Carlos A./0000-0003-4586-2758;
BRAUN, MIKHAIL/0000-0001-7398-7801; Vechernin,
Vladimir/0000-0003-1458-8055; de Cuveland, Jan/0000-0003-0455-1398;
Kutouski, Mikalai/0000-0002-2920-8775; Kurepin,
Alexey/0000-0002-1851-4136; Jena, Satyajit/0000-0002-6220-6982;
Akindinov, Alexander/0000-0002-7388-3022; Suaide,
Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; van der Kolk, Naomi/0000-0002-8670-0408;
Deppman, Airton/0000-0001-9179-6363; Ferreiro,
Elena/0000-0002-4449-2356; Armesto, Nestor/0000-0003-0940-0783; Martinez
Hernandez, Mario Ivan/0000-0002-8503-3009; Ferretti,
Alessandro/0000-0001-9084-5784; Graciani Diaz,
Ricardo/0000-0001-7166-5198; Fernandez Tellez,
Arturo/0000-0003-0152-4220; Vickovic, Linda/0000-0002-9820-7960;
Vinogradov, Leonid/0000-0001-9247-6230; Mohanty,
Bedangadas/0000-0001-9610-2914; Gago Medina, Alberto
Martin/0000-0002-0019-9692; Riggi, Francesco/0000-0002-0030-8377;
Dainese, Andrea/0000-0002-2166-1874; Paticchio,
Vincenzo/0000-0002-2916-1671; Monteno, Marco/0000-0002-3521-6333;
Bhasin, Anju/0000-0002-3687-8179; SANTORO, ROMUALDO/0000-0002-4360-4600;
Scarlassara, Fernando/0000-0002-4663-8216; Turrisi,
Rosario/0000-0002-5272-337X; D'Erasmo, Ginevra/0000-0003-3407-6962;
Tosello, Flavio/0000-0003-4602-1985; Beole',
Stefania/0000-0003-4673-8038
FU Lisbon and Swiss Fonds Kidagan, Armenia; Conselho Nacional de
Desenvolvimento Cientfico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Financiadora de Estudos
e Projetos (FINEP); Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo
(FAPESP)
FX Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation from Lisbon and Swiss Fonds Kidagan,
Armenia;; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientfico e Tecnologico
(CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundacao de Amparo a
Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP);
NR 24
TC 137
Z9 139
U1 4
U2 87
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1434-6044
EI 1434-6052
J9 EUR PHYS J C
JI Eur. Phys. J. C
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 68
IS 3-4
BP 345
EP 354
DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1350-2
PG 10
WC Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA 635GC
UT WOS:000280642600001
ER
PT J
AU Wang, H
Turner, JA
AF Wang, H.
Turner, J. A.
TI Reviewing Metallic PEMFC Bipolar Plates
SO FUEL CELLS
LA English
DT Review
DE Bipolar Plate; Metallic; PEMFC; Review
ID MEMBRANE FUEL-CELLS; 316L STAINLESS-STEEL; CORROSION BEHAVIOR; THERMAL
NITRIDATION; POLYPYRROLE COATINGS; CONTACT RESISTANCE;
WORKING-CONDITIONS; ANODE ENVIRONMENT; CR-NITRIDES; FLOW-FIELD
AB A bipolar plate is one of the most important components in a polymer exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack and has multiple functions. Metallic bipolar plate candidates have advantages over composite rivals in excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, good mechanical strength, high chemical stability, very wide alloy choices, low cost and, most importantly, existing pathways for high-volume, highspeed mass production. The challenges with metallic bipolar plates are the higher contact resistance and possible corrosion products, which may contaminate the membrane electrode assembly. This review evaluates the candidate metallic and coating materials for bipolar plates and gives the perspective of the research trends.
C1 [Wang, H.; Turner, J. A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Wang, H (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM heli.wang@nrel.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy
FX This work was supported by the Fuel Cells Technologies Program of the
U.S. Department of Energy.
NR 129
TC 67
Z9 69
U1 9
U2 67
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1615-6846
J9 FUEL CELLS
JI Fuel Cells
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 4
BP 510
EP 519
DI 10.1002/fuce.200900187
PG 10
WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels
SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels
GA 645TA
UT WOS:000281487900002
ER
PT J
AU Liu, WN
Sun, X
Khaleel, MA
AF Liu, W. N.
Sun, X.
Khaleel, M. A.
TI Effect of Creep of Ferritic Interconnect on Long-Term Performance of
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks
SO FUEL CELLS
LA English
DT Article
DE Creep; Ferritic Stainless Steel Interconnect; Long-term Performance;
Numerical Simulation; Solid Oxide Fuel Cells; Stress Relaxation
ID THERMAL-STRESS ANALYSIS; (MN,CO)(3)O-4 SPINEL COATINGS; STAINLESS-STEEL
INTERCONNECT; METALLIC INTERCONNECTS; RESISTANT ALLOYS; SEALING GLASSES;
BASE ALLOYS; SOFC STACK; FE-CR; OXIDATION
AB High-temperature ferritic alloys are potential candidates as interconnect (IC) materials and spacers due to their low cost and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) compatibility with other components for most of the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). However, creep deformation becomes relevant for a material when the operating temperature exceeds or even is less than half of its melting temperature (in degrees of Kelvin). The operating temperatures for most of the SOFCs under development are around 1,073 K. With around 1,800 K of the melting temperature for most stainless steel (SS), possible creep deformation of ferritic IC under the typical cell operating temperature should not be neglected. In this paper, the effects of IC creep behaviour on stack geometry change and the stress redistribution of different cell components are predicted and summarised. The goal of the study is to investigate the performance of the fuel cell stack by obtaining the changes in fuel- and air-channel geometry due to creep of the ferritic SS IC, therefore indicating possible changes in SOFC performance under long-term operations. The ferritic IC creep model was incorporated into software SOFC-MP and Mentat-FC, and finite element analyses (FEAs) were performed to quantify the deformed configuration of the SOFC stack under the long-term steady-state operating temperature. It was found that the creep behaviour of the ferritic SS IC contributes to narrowing of both the fuel- and the air-flow channels. In addition, stress re-distribution of the cell components suggests the need for a compliant sealing material that also relaxes at operating temperature.
C1 [Liu, W. N.; Sun, X.; Khaleel, M. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
RP Liu, WN (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
EM wenning.liu@pnl.gov
OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749
FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory; U.S.
Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830]
FX Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the
U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. The work was
funded as part of the SolidState Energy Conversion Alliance Core
Technology Program by the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy
Technology Laboratory.
NR 48
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 11
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1615-6846
J9 FUEL CELLS
JI Fuel Cells
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 4
BP 703
EP 717
DI 10.1002/fuce.200900075
PG 15
WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels
SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels
GA 645TA
UT WOS:000281487900022
ER
PT J
AU Mishra, B
Boyanov, M
Bunker, BA
Kelly, SD
Kemner, KM
Fein, JB
AF Mishra, Bhoopesh
Boyanov, Maxim
Bunker, Bruce A.
Kelly, Shelly D.
Kemner, Kenneth M.
Fein, Jeremy B.
TI High- and low-affinity binding sites for Cd on the bacterial cell walls
of Bacillus subtilis and Shewanella oneidensis
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODEL; METAL ADSORPTION;
MULTICOMPARTMENT SYSTEMS; STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; GEOLOGIC SETTINGS;
ZINC SORPTION; MICROORGANISMS; CONSORTIA; CADMIUM
AB Bulk Cd adsorption isotherm experiments, thermodynamic equilibrium modeling, and Cd K edge EXAFS were used to constrain the mechanisms of proton and Cd adsorption to bacterial cells of the commonly occurring Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Shewanella oneidensis, respectively. Potentiometric titrations were used to characterize the functional group reactivity of the S. oneidensis cells, and we model the titration data using the same type of non-electrostatic surface complexation approach as was applied to titrations of B. subtilis suspensions by Fein et al. (2005). Similar to the results for B. subtilis, the S. oneidensis cells exhibit buffering behavior from approximately pH 3-9 that requires the presence of four distinct sites, with pK(a) values of 3.3 +/- 0.2, 4.8 +/- 0.2, 6.7 +/- 0.4, and 9.4 +/- 0.5, and site concentrations of 8.9(+/- 2.6) x 10(-5), 1.3(+/- 0.2) x 10(-4), 5.9(+/- 3.3) x 10(-5), and 1.1(+/- 0.6) x 10(-4) moles/g bacteria (wet mass), respectively. The bulk Cd isotherm adsorption data for both species, conducted at pH 5.9 as a function of Cd concentration at a fixed biomass concentration, were best modeled by reactions with a Cd:site stoichiometry of 1:1. EXAFS data were collected for both bacterial species as a function of Cd concentration at pH 5.9 and 10 g/L bacteria. The EXAFS results show that the same types of binding sites are responsible for Cd sorption to both bacterial species at all Cd loadings tested (1-200 ppm). Carboxyl sites are responsible for the binding at intermediate Cd loadings. Phosphoryl ligands are more important than carboxyl ligands for Cd binding at high Cd loadings. For the lowest Cd loadings studied here, a sulfhydryl site was found to dominate the bound Cd budgets for both species, in addition to the carboxyl and phosphoryl sites that dominate the higher loadings. The EXAFS results suggest that both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cell walls have a low concentration of very high-affinity sulfhydryl sites which become masked by the more abundant carboxyl and phosphoryl sites at higher metal:bacteria ratios. This study demonstrates that metal loading plays a vital role in determining the important metal-binding reactions that occur on bacterial cell walls, and that high affinity, low-density sites can be revealed by spectroscopy of biomass samples. Such sites may control the fate and transport of metals in realistic geologic settings, where metal concentrations are low. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Mishra, Bhoopesh; Bunker, Bruce A.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
[Fein, Jeremy B.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
[Mishra, Bhoopesh; Boyanov, Maxim; Kelly, Shelly D.; Kemner, Kenneth M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Mol Environm Sci Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Mishra, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Mol Environm Sci Grp, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM bmishra@anl.gov
RI Mishra, Bhoopesh/C-2788-2012; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011
FU National Science Foundation through an Environmental Molecular Science
Institute [EAR02-21966]; Bayer Corporation; US Department of Energy
office of Science Biological and Environmental Research Division
Environmental Remediation Science Program; US Department of Energy
[DE-FG02-94-ER-45525, W-31-109-Eng-38]
FX Research funding was provided by a National Science Foundation through
an Environmental Molecular Science Institute Grant to the University of
Notre Dame (EAR02-21966), and from a Bayer Corporation Predoctoral
Fellowship. S.D.K. and K.M.K. were supported by the US Department of
Energy office of Science Biological and Environmental Research Division
Environmental Remediation Science Program. MRCAT is supported by the US
Department of Energy under contract DE-FG02-94-ER-45525 and the member
institutions. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US
Department of Energy under contract W-31-109-Eng-38. Some analyses were
conducted using instruments in the Center for Environmental Science and
Technology at University of Notre Dame. Help in sample preparation from
Jennifer Szymanowski, and beamline setup help from Tomohiro Shibata and
Soma Chattopadhyay of MRCAT are greatly appreciated. Two anonymous
journal reviewers and Associate Editor Michael Machesky made helpful
suggestions and significantly improved the clarity of this paper.
NR 62
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PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 15
BP 4219
EP 4233
DI 10.1016/j.gca.2010.02.019
PG 15
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 619FF
UT WOS:000279413900003
ER
PT J
AU Skomurski, FN
Kerisit, S
Rosso, KM
AF Skomurski, Frances N.
Kerisit, Sebastien
Rosso, Kevin M.
TI Structure, charge distribution, and electron hopping dynamics in
magnetite (Fe3O4) (100) surfaces from first principles
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GAUSSIAN-BASIS
SETS; VERWEY TRANSITION; STEEL SURFACES; OXIDE SURFACES; ATOMIC-SCALE;
WATER; REDUCTION; FILMS
AB For the purpose of improving fundamental understanding of the redox reactivity of magnetite, quantum-mechanical calculations were applied to predict Fe2+ availability and electron hopping rates at magnetite (1 0 0) surfaces, with and without the presence of adsorbed water. Using a low free energy surface reconstruction (1/2-Fe-tet, layer relaxed into the Fe-oct (1 0 0) plane), the relaxed outermost layer of both the hydrated and vacuum-terminated surfaces were found to be predominantly enriched in Fe2+ within the octahedral sublattice, irrespective of the presence of adsorbed water. At room temperature, mobile electrons move through the octahedral sublattice by Fe2+-Fe3+ valence interchange small polaron hopping, calculated at 10(10)-10(12) hops/s for bulk and bulk-like (i.e., near-surface) environments. This process is envisioned to control sustainable overall rates of interfacial redox reactions. These rates decrease by up to three orders of magnitude (10(9) hops/s) at the (100) surface, and no significant difference is observed for vacuum-terminated versus hydrated cases. Slower hopping rates at the surface appear to arise primarily from larger reorganization energies associated with octahedral Fe2+-Fe3+ valence interchange in relaxed surface configurations, and secondarily on local charge distribution patterns surrounding Fe2+-Fe3+ valence interchange pairs. These results suggest that, with respect to the possibility that the rate and extent of surface redox reactions depend on Fe2+ availability and its replenishment rate, bulk electron hopping mobility is an upper-limit for magnetite and slower surface rates may need to be considered as potentially rate-limiting. They also suggest that slower hopping mobilities calculated for surface environments may be amenable to Fe2+-Fe3+ site discrimination by conventional spectroscopic probes. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Skomurski, Frances N.; Kerisit, Sebastien; Rosso, Kevin M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Skomurski, FN (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K8-96, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM frances.skomurski@pnl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Engineering
and Geosciences Division; Office of Biological and Environmental
Research in the U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; Department of Energy's Office of Civilian and
Radioactive Waste Management
FX The authors are grateful for helpful comments from Michael Machesky,
Claudine Noguera, and an anonymous reviewer that helped to improve this
manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the U.S. Department
of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Engineering and Geosciences
Division. This research was performed in part using the Molecular
Science Computing Facility (MSCF) in the William R. Wiley Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory at the Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory. I The MSCF is funded by the Office of Biological and
Environmental Research in the U.S. Department of Energy. Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S.
Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. F.N.S. would
like to also acknowledge the Department of Energy's Office of Civilian
and Radioactive Waste Management Graduate Fellowship Program under which
this research collaboration began.
NR 102
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PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 15
BP 4234
EP 4248
DI 10.1016/j.gca.2010.04.063
PG 15
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 619FF
UT WOS:000279413900004
ER
PT J
AU Xu, M
Hu, XM
Knauss, KG
Higgins, SR
AF Xu, Man
Hu, Xiaoming
Knauss, Kevin G.
Higgins, Steven R.
TI Dissolution kinetics of calcite at 50-70 degrees C: An atomic force
microscopic study under near-equilibrium conditions
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
ID IN-SITU AFM; CACO3 POLYMORPHS CALCITE; SATURATION STATE;
AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; WATER INTERFACE; 10(1)OVER-BAR4 SURFACES;
CARBON-DIOXIDE; PIT FORMATION; GROWTH; RATES
AB Direct measurements of calcite (10 (1) over bar4) faces were performed using in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) to reveal the dissolution processes as a function of solution saturation state and temperature. Time-sequential AFM images demonstrated that step velocities at constant temperature increased with increasing undersaturation. The anisotropy of obtuse and acute step velocities appeared to become more significant as solutions approached equilibrium and temperature increased. At saturation state Omega>0.02, a curvilinear boundary was formed at the intersection of two acute steps and the initially rhombohedral etch pit exhibited a nearly triangular shape. This suggests that the [(4) over bar 41](a) and [48 (1) over bar](a) steps may not belong to the calcite-aqueous solution equilibrium system. Further increase in the saturation state (Omega >= 0.3) led to a lack of etch pit formation and dissolution primarily occurred at existing steps, in accordance with Teng (2004). Analysis of step kinetics at different temperatures yielded activation energies of 25 +/- 6 kJ/mol and 14 +/- 13 kJ/mol for obtuse and acute steps, respectively. The inconsistencies in etch pit morphology, step anisotropy, and step activation energies from the present study with those of studies far-from-equilibrium can be explained by increased influence of the backward reaction, or growth, near-equilibrium. We propose that the backward reaction occurs preferentially at the acute-acute kink sites. The kinetics and effective activation energies of near-equilibrium calcite dissolution presented in this work provide accurate experimental data under likely CO(2) sequestration conditions, and thus are crucial to the development of robust geochemical models that predict the long-term performance of mineral-trapped CO(2). (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Xu, Man; Hu, Xiaoming; Higgins, Steven R.] Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA.
[Knauss, Kevin G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Higgins, SR (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 USA.
EM steven.higgins@wright.edu
RI knauss, kevin/K-2827-2012; Xu, Man/B-7660-2013
FU United States Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy
Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division;
National Science Foundation; Wright State University
FX Financial support for this work from the United States Department of
Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences,
Geosciences and Biosciences Division, the National Science Foundation
Instrumentation and Facilities program and Wright State University's
Early Start Research Challenge program are gratefully acknowledged. We
thank Dr. Rosso and the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable
comments that helped us improve the overall quality of this manuscript.
NR 64
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PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 15
BP 4285
EP 4297
DI 10.1016/j.gca.2010.04.066
PG 13
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 619FF
UT WOS:000279413900007
ER
PT J
AU De Gregorio, BT
Stroud, RM
Nittler, LR
Alexander, CMO
Kilcoyne, ALD
Zega, TJ
AF De Gregorio, Bradley T.
Stroud, Rhonda M.
Nittler, Larry R.
Alexander, Conel M. O'D.
Kilcoyne, A. L. David
Zega, Thomas J.
TI Isotopic anomalies in organic nanoglobules from Comet 81P/Wild 2:
Comparison to Murchison nanoglobules and isotopic anomalies induced in
terrestrial organics by electron irradiation
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; MOLECULAR-CLOUD MATERIAL; INNER-SHELL EXCITATION;
DEUTERIUM FRACTIONATION; INTERPLANETARY DUST; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS;
PRIMITIVE METEORITES; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; PRESOLAR GRAPHITE; CORE
EXCITATION
AB Nanoglobules are a form of organic matter found in interplanetary dust particles and primitive meteorites and are commonly associated with N-15 and D isotopic anomalies that are suggestive of interstellar processes. We report the discovery of two isotopically-anomalous organic globules from the Stardust collection of particles from Comet 81P/Wild 2 and compare them with nanoglobules from the Murchison CM2 meteorite. One globule from Stardust Cometary Track 80 contains highly aromatic organic matter and a large N-15 anomaly (delta N-15 = 1120 parts per thousand). Associated, non-globular, organic matter from this track is less enriched in N-15 and contains a mixture of aromatic and oxidized carbon similar to bulk insoluble organic material (IOM) from primitive meteorites. The second globule, from Cometary Track 2, contains non-aromatic organic matter with abundant nitrile (-C N) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups. It is significantly enriched in D (delta D = 1000 parts per thousand) but has a terrestrial N-15/N-14 ratio. Experiments indicate that similar D enrichments, unaccompanied by N-15 fractionation, can be reproduced in the laboratory by electron irradiation of epoxy or cyanoacrylate. Thus, a terrestrial origin for this globule cannot be ruled out, and, conversely, exposure to high-energy electron irradiation in space may be an important factor in producing D anomalies in organic materials. For comparison, we report two Murchison globules: one with a large N-15 enrichment and highly aromatic chemistry analogous to the Track 80 globule and the other only moderately enriched in N-15 with IOM-like chemistry. The observation of organic globules in Comet 81P/Wild 2 indicates that comets likely sampled the same reservoirs of organic matter as did the chondrite parent bodies. The observed isotopic anomalies in the globules are most likely preserved signatures of low temperature (<10 K) chemistry in the interstellar medium or perhaps the outer regions of the solar nebula. In other extraterrestrial samples, D isotopic anomalies, but not those of N-15, may be explained in part by exposure to ionizing electron radiation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [De Gregorio, Bradley T.; Stroud, Rhonda M.; Zega, Thomas J.] USN, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[De Gregorio, Bradley T.] USN, Res Lab, Natl Res Council Cooperat Res Fellow, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Nittler, Larry R.; Alexander, Conel M. O'D.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA.
[Kilcoyne, A. L. David] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP De Gregorio, BT (reprint author), USN, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Res Lab, Code 6366,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
EM bradley.degregorio.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; rhonda.stroud@nrl.navy.mil;
lnittler@ciw.edu; alexander@dtm.ciw.edu; alkilcoyne@lbl.gov;
thomas.zega@nrl.navy.mil
RI De Gregorio, Bradley/B-8465-2008; Alexander, Conel/N-7533-2013;
Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008
OI De Gregorio, Bradley/0000-0001-9096-3545; Alexander,
Conel/0000-0002-8558-1427; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015
FU US Department of Energy; Office of Naval Research; NASA; NASA
Astrobiology Institute; National Research Council Research Associateship
at the US Naval Research Laboratory
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Sue Wirick, Nabil
Bassim, and Dominic Papineau with the acquisition of STXM data.
Additional thoughtful discussion was provided by George Cody. We also
sincerely thank the reviewers, Gary Huss, Frank Stadermann, and Laurence
Garvie, whose criticisms and suggestions significantly improved the
article's content and clarity. Use of the Advanced Light Source and the
National Synchrotron Light Source was supported by the US Department of
Energy. Financial support for this research came from the Office of
Naval Research, NASA Discovery Data Analysis and Origins of Solar
Systems Program, and NASA Astrobiology Institute. This research was
conducted while the primary author held a National Research Council
Research Associateship at the US Naval Research Laboratory.
NR 89
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U2 14
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
EI 1872-9533
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 15
BP 4454
EP 4470
DI 10.1016/j.gca.2010.05.010
PG 17
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 619FF
UT WOS:000279413900019
ER
PT J
AU Yang, JJ
Goldstein, JI
Michael, JR
Kotula, PG
Scott, ERD
AF Yang, Jijin
Goldstein, Joseph I.
Michael, Joseph R.
Kotula, Paul G.
Scott, Edward R. D.
TI Thermal history and origin of the IVB iron meteorites and their parent
body
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
ID METALLOGRAPHIC COOLING RATES; EARTHS CORE; LIQUID-IRON; CLOUDY ZONE;
TEMPERATURES; PHASE; METAL; CRYSTALLIZATION; PRESSURES; BODIES
AB We have determined metallographic cooling rates of 9 IVB irons by measuring Ni gradients 3 rim or less in length at kamacite-taenite boundaries with the analytical transmission electron microscope and by comparing these Ni gradients with those derived by modeling kamacite growth. Cooling rates at 600-400 degrees C vary from 475 K/Myr at the low-Ni end of group IVB to 5000 K/Myr at the high-Ni end. Sizes of high-Ni particles in the cloudy zone microstructure in taenite and the widths of the tetrataenite rims, which both increase with decreasing cooling rate, are inversely correlated with the bulk Ni concentrations of the IVB irons confirming the correlation between cooling rate and bulk Ni. Since samples of a core that cooled inside a thermally insulating silicate mantle should have uniform cooling rates, the IVB core must have cooled through 500 degrees C without a silicate mantle. The correlation between cooling rate and bulk Ni suggests that the core crystallized concentrically outwards. Our thermal and fractional crystallization models suggest that in this case the radius of the core was 65 +/- 15 km when it cooled without a mantle. The mantle was probably removed when the IVB body was torn apart in a glancing impact with a larger body. Clean separation of the mantle from the solid core during this impact could have been aided by a thin layer of residual metallic melt at the core-mantle boundary. Thus the IVB irons may have crystallized in a well-mantled core that was 70 +/- 15 km in radius while it was inside a body of radius 140 +/- 30 km. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Yang, Jijin; Goldstein, Joseph I.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Michael, Joseph R.; Kotula, Paul G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Characterizat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
[Scott, Edward R. D.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Yang, JJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
EM jiyang@ecs.umass.edu
RI Kotula, Paul/A-7657-2011
OI Kotula, Paul/0000-0002-7521-2759
FU NASA [NNX08AG53G, NNX08AE08G, NNX08AI43G]; United States Department of
Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC0494AL85000]
FX The financial support from NASA through Grant NNX08AG53G (J.I.
Goldstein, P.I.) and NNX08AE08G (K. Keil, P.I.) and NNX08AI43G (E.
Scott, P.I.) is acknowledged. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory
operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the
United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security
Administration under contract DE-AC0494AL85000. We thank Michael Rye
(Sandia) for assistance with the FIB samples, Tim McCoy, Smithsonian
Institution for the loan of the IVB meteorites, and Nancy Chabot,
Henning Haack, Misha Petaev, and associate editor Richard Walker for
helpful reviews and suggestions.
NR 44
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U1 0
U2 6
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 15
BP 4493
EP 4506
DI 10.1016/j.gca.2010.04.011
PG 14
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 619FF
UT WOS:000279413900021
ER
PT J
AU Kirk, MF
AF Kirk, M. F.
TI Experimental analysis of arsenic precipitation during microbial sulfate
and iron reduction in model aquifer sediment reactors (vol 74, pg 2538,
2010)
SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Correction
C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Kirk, MF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RI Kirk, Matthew/A-3274-2013
NR 1
TC 1
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U1 5
U2 16
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0016-7037
J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC
JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 15
BP 4603
EP 4603
DI 10.1016/j.gca.2010.04.038
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 619FF
UT WOS:000279413900028
ER
PT J
AU Chang, SJ
van der Lee, S
Matzel, E
Bedle, H
AF Chang, Sung-Joon
van der Lee, Suzan
Matzel, Eric
Bedle, Heather
TI Radial anisotropy along the Tethyan margin
SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Body waves; Surface waves and free oscillations; Seismic anisotropy;
Seismic tomography; Asia; Europe
ID LITHOSPHERE-ASTHENOSPHERE BOUNDARY; SPARSE LINEAR-EQUATIONS; WAVE-FORM
INVERSION; UPPER-MANTLE; SEISMIC ANISOTROPY; VELOCITY ANISOTROPY;
CRUSTAL CORRECTIONS; UPPERMOST MANTLE; LEAST-SQUARES; FLOW BENEATH
AB We estimate radial anisotropy along the Tethyan margin by jointly fitting regional S and Love waveform trains and fundamental-mode Love-wave group velocities. About 3600 wave trains with S and Love waves and 5700 Love-wave group velocity dispersion curves are jointly inverted for SH-velocity perturbations from a pre-existing, 3-D SV-velocity model. These perturbations are predominantly positive (SH faster than SV) and consistent with PREM, but our model also shows significant lateral variation in radial anisotropy that appears to be correlated with tectonic environment. SH waves travel faster than SV wave beneath backarc basins, oceans and orogenic belts such as the Tyrrhenian and Pannonian basins, the Ionian Sea, the Alps, the Apennines, the Dinarides and the Caucasus. The Algero-Provencal basin, however, is underlain by faster SV velocity. Faster SV velocity of radial anisotropy is also detected within cratons such as the East European platform and the Arabian shield. Beneath hotspots we detect a change in radial anisotropic polarity with depth, which may be caused by transition between the lattice-preferred orientation from horizontal deformation in the asthenosphere and the shape-preferred orientation from vertically oriented melt channels in the lithosphere. We also find significant portion of radial anisotropy within subducting slabs depends on the slab's dip angle.
C1 [Chang, Sung-Joon; van der Lee, Suzan; Bedle, Heather] Northwestern Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
[Matzel, Eric] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Chang, SJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 1850 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
EM sjchang@earth.northwestern.edu
RI Chang, Sung-Joon/A-2114-2009; van der Lee, Suzan/K-1144-2013; Matzel,
Eric/K-2571-2014
OI van der Lee, Suzan/0000-0003-1884-1185;
FU Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2006-214-C00092]; U.S. DOE
[DE-FC52-04NA25541]
FX We thank Megan Flanagan, Federica Marone and Michael Pasyanos for
sharing their waveform fit and group velocity data sets. We also thank
an anonymous reviewer and Mark Panning for their valuable comments,
which improved this manuscript. All figures were created using Generic
Mapping Tools (GMT; Wessel & Smith 1998). This work was supported by the
Korea Research Foundation Grant KRF-2006-214-C00092 funded by the Korean
Government (MOEHRD) and the U.S. DOE under contract DE-FC52-04NA25541.
NR 54
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U1 0
U2 2
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0956-540X
J9 GEOPHYS J INT
JI Geophys. J. Int.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 182
IS 2
BP 1013
EP 1024
DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04662.x
PG 12
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 636JZ
UT WOS:000280730900036
ER
PT J
AU Stefanovsky, SV
Lebedev, VV
Suntsov, DY
Nikonov, BS
Omel'yanenko, BI
Akatov, AA
Marra, JC
AF Stefanovsky, S. V.
Lebedev, V. V.
Suntsov, D. Yu.
Nikonov, B. S.
Omel'yanenko, B. I.
Akatov, A. A.
Marra, J. C.
TI Influence of the content of radioactive wastes with high concentrations
of aluminum, sodium, and iron oxides on the phase composition and
structure of glassy materials prepared in a "cold crucible"
SO GLASS PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE radioactive wastes; materials for burial; alkali borosilicate glasses
ID HIGH-LEVEL WASTES; VITRIFICATION; SURROGATE; IMMOBILIZATION; BENCH; USA
AB The vitrification of a high-level waste surrogate with high concentrations of aluminum, sodium, and iron oxides in a "cold crucible" results in the formation of glassy materials with the phase composition and structure dependent on the ratio between waste oxides and borosilicate glass frit. With an increase in the waste content from similar to 50 to similar to 66 wt %, the degree of crystallinity of the materials increases from similar to 5 to 50 vol %. The main crystalline phase is spinel, and the additional crystalline phase is nepheline. The amount of the nepheline increases with an increase in the waste content in glassy materials and with a decrease in the rate of their cooling in heat-insulated molds. The spinel is the main concentrator of transition elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn). A considerable fraction of sodium, aluminum, and silicon transfers into the formed nepheline, which leads to the depletion of the glass phase in oxides of these elements and to a decrease in its chemical durability.
C1 [Stefanovsky, S. V.; Lebedev, V. V.; Suntsov, D. Yu.] United Ecol Technol & Res Ctr RAW Conditioning &, State Unitary Enterprise City Moscow, Moscow 119121, Russia.
[Nikonov, B. S.; Omel'yanenko, B. I.] Russian Acad Med Sci, Inst Geol Ore Deposits Petrog Mineral & Geochem I, Moscow 119117, Russia.
[Akatov, A. A.] Tech Univ, St Petersburg State Technol Inst, St Petersburg 198013, Russia.
[Marra, J. C.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA.
RP Stefanovsky, SV (reprint author), United Ecol Technol & Res Ctr RAW Conditioning &, State Unitary Enterprise City Moscow, Sedmoi Rostovskii 2-14, Moscow 119121, Russia.
EM profstef@mtu-net.ru
RI Akatov, Andrey/H-5893-2016
OI Akatov, Andrey/0000-0002-1453-5837
NR 17
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 9
PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA
SN 1087-6596
J9 GLASS PHYS CHEM+
JI Glass Phys. Chem.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 36
IS 4
BP 419
EP 430
DI 10.1134/S108765961004005X
PG 12
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA 648DT
UT WOS:000281671300005
ER
PT J
AU Yang, B
Pallardy, SG
Meyers, TP
Gu, LH
Hanson, PJ
Wullschleger, SD
Heuer, M
Hosman, KP
Riggs, JS
Sluss, DW
AF Yang, Bai
Pallardy, Stephen G.
Meyers, Tilden P.
Gu, Lian-Hong
Hanson, Paul J.
Wullschleger, Stan D.
Heuer, Mark
Hosman, Kevin P.
Riggs, Jeffery S.
Sluss, Daniel W.
TI Environmental controls on water use efficiency during severe drought in
an Ozark Forest in Missouri, USA
SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE data stratification; drought; eddy flux; environmental control; water
use efficiency
ID OAK-HICKORY FOREST; GAS-EXCHANGE; ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; VAPOR
EXCHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; OPTIMIZATION THEORY; STOMATAL RESPONSES;
DIFFUSE-RADIATION; MODELING ANALYSIS; PINUS-RADIATA
AB To accurately predict ecosystem responses induced by climate warming at local-to-global scales, models are in need of more precise knowledge of response during periods of environmental stress such as drought. In this paper, we studied environmental control of canopy-level water use efficiency (WUE) during drought at an eddy flux site in an oak-hickory forest in central Missouri, USA. Two consecutive severe droughts in the summers of 2006 and 2007 afforded coverage of a broad range of environmental conditions. We stratified data to obtain subranges that minimized cross-correlations among putative WUE-controlling factors. Our results showed that WUE was subject to control by atmospheric saturation deficit (ASD), soil water potential (SWP) and the ratio of diffuse to total photosynthetically active radiation (I(f)/I(t)). Generally, WUE was found to scale with 1/(ASD)0.5, consistent with predictions from stomatal optimization theory. In contrast, SWP and I(f)/I(t) were related to WUE in a linear fashion. ASD was better correlated with WUE than either of the other two factors. It was also observed that the relationship between WUE and any single controlling factor was subject to influence of the other two. One such example was an opposite response of WUE to SWP between low and high ASD values, suggesting a breakdown of stomatal optimality under severe environmental stresses and a shift from optimal stomatal regulation to nonstomatal regulation at leaf scale. We have demonstrated that different data handling (stratified vs. nonstratified) or selection (hourly vs. daily) could lead to different conclusions on the relationship between WUE and its controls. For this reason, we recommend modelers to be cautious when applying WUE-response formulas at environmental conditions or at time scales different from those at which they are derived.
C1 [Yang, Bai; Gu, Lian-Hong; Hanson, Paul J.; Wullschleger, Stan D.; Riggs, Jeffery S.; Sluss, Daniel W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Pallardy, Stephen G.; Hosman, Kevin P.] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO USA.
[Meyers, Tilden P.; Heuer, Mark] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RP Yang, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,Bldg 1509, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM yangb@ornl.gov
RI Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; Meyers,
Tilden/C-6633-2016; Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014
OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Wullschleger,
Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738
FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental
Research (BER); US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; University
of Missouri under US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-03ER63683]; Oak Ridge
National Laboratory; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
[DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-AC05-00OR22750]
FX This research was supported by US Department of Energy, Office of
Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER), as a part of the
Terrestrial Carbon Processes (TCP) Program and conducted at Oak Ridge
National Laboratory (ORNL), managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US
Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 and by the
University of Missouri under US Department of Energy, Grant
DE-FG02-03ER63683.; This research was supported in part by an
appointment to the ORNL Postdoctoral Research Associates Program which
is sponsored by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and administered jointly
by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and by the Oak Ridge Institute for
Science and Education under contract numbers DE-AC05-00OR22725 and
DE-AC05-00OR22750, respectively. Comments from two anonymous reviewers
and discussions with Drs. Dafeng Hui and Kell Wilson were very helpful
in improving this manuscript. First author thanks Dr. Wilfred M. Post
for being his mentor during his post-doctoral program at ORNL.
NR 52
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U1 7
U2 57
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1354-1013
J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL
JI Glob. Change Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 16
IS 8
BP 2252
EP 2271
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02138.x
PG 20
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 619QD
UT WOS:000279443800009
ER
PT J
AU Gunderson, CA
O'Hara, KH
Campion, CM
Walker, AV
Edwards, NT
AF Gunderson, Carla A.
O'Hara, Keiran H.
Campion, Christina M.
Walker, Ashley V.
Edwards, Nelson T.
TI Thermal plasticity of photosynthesis: the role of acclimation in forest
responses to a warming climate
SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE climate change; CO(2) assimilation; deciduous forests; global warming;
optimal temperature; photosynthesis; range shifts; temperature
acclimation
ID SIEB-EX-SPRENG; BIOCHEMICALLY BASED MODEL; TEMPERATURE RESPONSE;
SEASONAL-CHANGES; ALTITUDINAL VARIATION; SNOW GUM; GROWTH TEMPERATURE;
LIMITED PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
AB The increasing air temperatures central to climate change predictions have the potential to alter forest ecosystem function and structure by exceeding temperatures optimal for carbon gain. Such changes are projected to threaten survival of sensitive species, leading to local extinctions, range migrations, and altered forest composition. This study investigated photosynthetic sensitivity to temperature and the potential for acclimation in relation to the climatic provenance of five species of deciduous trees, Liquidambar styraciflua, Quercus rubra, Quercus falcata, Betula alleghaniensis, and Populus grandidentata. Open-top chambers supplied three levels of warming (+0, +2, and +4 degrees C above ambient) over 3 years, tracking natural temperature variability. Optimal temperature for CO(2) assimilation was strongly correlated with daytime temperature in all treatments, but assimilation rates at those optima were comparable. Adjustment of thermal optima was confirmed in all species, whether temperatures varied with season or treatment, and regardless of climate in the species' range or provenance of the plant material. Temperature optima from 17 degrees to 34 degrees were observed. Across species, acclimation potentials varied from 0.55 degrees C to 1.07 degrees C per degree change in daytime temperature. Responses to the temperature manipulation were not different from the seasonal acclimation observed in mature indigenous trees, suggesting that photosynthetic responses should not be modeled using static temperature functions, but should incorporate an adjustment to account for acclimation. The high degree of homeostasis observed indicates that direct impacts of climatic warming on forest productivity, species survival, and range limits may be less than predicted by existing models.
C1 [Gunderson, Carla A.; O'Hara, Keiran H.; Campion, Christina M.; Walker, Ashley V.; Edwards, Nelson T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Gunderson, CA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM gundersonca@ornl.gov
FU US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and
Environmental Research; DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX Research supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of
Science, Biological and Environmental Research, Program for Ecosystem
Research. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-BATTELLE for
DOE under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Additional support from DOE was
provided through student internship programs (KHO'H, CMC, AVV),
administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education.
Assistance with field measurements and data analysis was provided by
Rebekah Hutton, Susanna Hutton, Andrew McFalls, Danielle Moore, Carrie
Pendley, and Daniel Wreschnig via internships administered by ORISE.
Jeffrey Riggs and Dan Sluss designed, implemented and maintained the OTC
control and monitoring systems, and collected the meteorological data.
Thanks to Matt Tomlinson and Don Zak for providing aspen roots, and to
the University of Tennessee for space in greenhouse propagation beds.
Thanks also to Lynn Tharp, Darrell West, and W. Mac Post for details on
the Linkages model and growing degree days on Walker Branch Watershed,
and to Gerald A. Tuskan for advice on statistics.
NR 83
TC 77
Z9 80
U1 10
U2 96
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1354-1013
J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL
JI Glob. Change Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 16
IS 8
BP 2272
EP 2286
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02090.x
PG 15
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 619QD
UT WOS:000279443800010
ER
PT J
AU Beck, HL
Bouville, A
Moroz, BE
Simon, SL
AF Beck, Harold L.
Bouville, Andre
Moroz, Brian E.
Simon, Steven L.
TI FALLOUT DEPOSITION IN THE MARSHALL ISLANDS FROM BIKINI AND ENEWETAK
NUCLEAR WEAPONS TESTS
SO HEALTH PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Cs-137; fallout; Marshall Islands; nuclear weapons
ID CS-137; DETONATION
AB Deposition densities (Bq m(-2)) of all important dose-contributing radionuclides occurring in nuclear weapons testing fallout from tests conducted at Bikini and Enewetak Atolls (1946-1958) have been estimated on a test-specific basis for 32 atolls and separate reef islands of the Marshall Islands. A complete review of various historical and contemporary data, as well as meteorological analysis, was used to make judgments regarding which tests deposited fallout in the Marshall Islands and to estimate fallout deposition density. Our analysis suggested that only 20 of the 66 nuclear tests conducted in or near the Marshall Islands resulted in substantial fallout deposition on any of the 23 inhabited atolls. This analysis was confirmed by the fact that the sum of our estimates of Cs-137 deposition from these 20 tests at each atoll is in good agreement with the total Cs-137 deposited as estimated from contemporary soil sample analyses. The monitoring data and meteorological analyses were used to quantitatively estimate the deposition density of 63 activation and fission products for each nuclear test, plus the cumulative deposition of Pu239+240 at each atoll. Estimates of the degree of fractionation of fallout from each test at each atoll, as well as of the fallout transit times from the test sites to the atolls were used in this analysis. The estimates of radionuclide deposition density, fractionation, and transit times reported here are the most complete available anywhere and are suitable for estimations of both external and internal dose to representative persons as described in companion papers. Health Phys. 99(2):124-142; 2010
C1 [Bouville, Andre; Moroz, Brian E.; Simon, Steven L.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Beck, Harold L.] US DOE, New York, NY 10014 USA.
RP Simon, SL (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, 6120 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
EM ssimon@mail.nih.gov
FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Y2-Al-5077];
National Cancer Institute [Y3-CO-5117]
FX This work was supported by the Intra-Agency agreement between the
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the National
Cancer Institute, NIAID agreement #Y2-Al-5077 and NCI agreement
#Y3-CO-5117.
NR 53
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 8
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0017-9078
EI 1538-5159
J9 HEALTH PHYS
JI Health Phys.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 99
IS 2
BP 124
EP 142
DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181bbbfbd
PG 19
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical
Imaging
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
GA 622QN
UT WOS:000279678500002
PM 20622548
ER
PT J
AU Bouville, A
Beck, HL
Simon, SL
AF Bouville, Andre
Beck, Harold L.
Simon, Steven L.
TI DOSES FROM EXTERNAL IRRADIATION TO MARSHALL ISLANDERS FROM BIKINI AND
ENEWETAK NUCLEAR WEAPONS TESTS
SO HEALTH PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Cs-137; dose; external; fallout; Marshall Islands
AB Annual doses from external irradiation resulting from exposure to fallout from the 65 atmospheric nuclear weapons tests conducted in the Marshall Islands at Bikini and Enewetak between 1946 and 1958 have been estimated for the first time for Marshallese living on all inhabited atolls. All tests that deposited fallout on any of the 23 inhabited atolls or separate reef islands have been considered. The methodology used to estimate the radiation doses at the inhabited atolls is based on test- and location-specific radiation survey data, deposition density estimates of Cs-137, and fallout times-of-arrival provided in a companion paper (Beck et al.), combined with information on the radionuclide composition of the fallout at various times after each test. These estimates of doses from external irradiation have been combined with corresponding estimates of doses from internal irradiation, given in a companion paper (Simon et al.), to assess the cancer risks among the Marshallese population (Land et al.) resulting from exposure to radiation from the nuclear weapons tests. Health Phys. 99(2):143-156; 2010
C1 [Bouville, Andre; Simon, Steven L.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Beck, Harold L.] US DOE, New York, NY 10014 USA.
RP Simon, SL (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, 6120 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
EM ssimon@mail.nih.gov
FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Y2-Al-5077];
National Cancer Institute [Y3-CO-5117]
FX This work was supported by the Intra-Agency agreement between the
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the National
Cancer Institute, NIAID agreement #Y2-Al-5077 and NCI agreement
#Y3-CO-5117. The authors are indebted to several individuals whose
analyses and research have made substantial contributions to this work.
They include William Robison for various data and publications on
measurements made in the Marshall Islands, Brian Moroz for
meteorological analysis and graphic support, Robert Weinstock for
computer programming support, Dunstana Melo for the review of the
manuscript, as well as other scientists who have added to our
understanding of the contamination and consequences in the Marshall
Islands through their scientific publications, many of which are cited
here.
NR 24
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U1 1
U2 3
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0017-9078
EI 1538-5159
J9 HEALTH PHYS
JI Health Phys.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 99
IS 2
BP 143
EP 156
DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181dc521d
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical
Imaging
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
GA 622QN
UT WOS:000279678500003
PM 20622549
ER
PT J
AU Simon, SL
Bouville, A
Melo, D
Beck, HL
Weinstock, RM
AF Simon, Steven L.
Bouville, Andre
Melo, Dunstana
Beck, Harold L.
Weinstock, Robert M.
TI ACUTE AND CHRONIC INTAKES OF FALLOUT RADIONUCLIDES BY MARSHALLESE FROM
NUCLEAR WEAPONS TESTING AT BIKINI AND ENEWETAK AND RELATED INTERNAL
RADIATION DOSES
SO HEALTH PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE dose; internal; fallout; Marshall Islands; nuclear weapons
ID ISLANDS; IODINE; INGESTION; CS-137; ENVIRONMENT; PLUTONIUM; DOSIMETRY;
EXPOSURE; HISTORY; I-131
AB Annual internal radiation doses resulting from both acute and chronic intakes of all important dose-contributing radionuclides occurring in fallout from nuclear weapons testing at Bikini and Enewetak from 1946 through 1958 have been estimated for the residents living on all atolls and separate reef islands of the Marshall Islands. Internal radiation absorbed doses to the tissues most at risk to cancer induction (red bone marrow, thyroid, stomach, and colon) have been estimated for representative persons of all population communities for all birth years from 1929 through 1968, and for all years of exposure from 1948 through 1970. The acute intake estimates rely on a model using, as its basis, historical urine bioassay data, for members of the Rongelap Island and Ailinginae communities as well as for Rongerik residents. The model also utilizes fallout times of arrival and radionuclide deposition densities estimated for all tests and all atolls. Acute intakes of 63 radionuclides were estimated for the populations of the 20 inhabited atolls and for the communities that were relocated during the testing years for reasons of safety and decontamination. The model used for chronic intake estimates is based on reported whole-body, urine, and blood counting data for residents of Utrik and Rongelap. Dose conversion coefficients relating intake to organ absorbed dose were developed using internationally accepted models but specifically tailored for intakes of particulate fallout by consideration of literature-based evidence to choose the most appropriate alimentary tract absorption fraction (f(1)) values. Dose estimates were much higher for the thyroid gland than for red marrow, stomach wall, or colon. The highest thyroid doses to adults were about 7,600 mGy for the people exposed on Rongelap; thyroid doses to adults were much lower, by a factor of 100 or more, for the people exposed on the populated atolls of Kwajalein and Majuro. The estimates of radionuclide intake and internal radiation dose to the Marshallese that are presented in this paper are the most complete available anywhere and were used to make projections of lifetime cancer risks to the exposed populations, which are presented in a companion paper in this volume. Health Phys. 99(2):157-200; 2010
C1 [Simon, Steven L.; Bouville, Andre; Melo, Dunstana] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Beck, Harold L.] US DOE, New York, NY USA.
RP Simon, SL (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, 6120 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
EM ssimon@mail.nih.gov
FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Y2-Al-5077];
National Cancer Institute [Y3-CO-5117]
FX This work was supported by the Intra-Agency Agreement between the
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the National
Cancer Institute, NIAID agreement #Y2-Al-5077 and NCI agreement
#Y3-CO-5117.
NR 81
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U1 1
U2 7
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0017-9078
EI 1538-5159
J9 HEALTH PHYS
JI Health Phys.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 99
IS 2
BP 157
EP 200
DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181dc4e51
PG 44
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical
Imaging
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
GA 622QN
UT WOS:000279678500004
PM 20622550
ER
PT J
AU Harris, PS
Simon, SL
Ibrahim, SA
AF Harris, Payne S.
Simon, Steven L.
Ibrahim, Shawki A.
TI URINARY EXCRETION OF RADIONUCLIDES FROM MARSHALLESE EXPOSED TO FALLOUT
FROM THE 1954 BRAVO NUCLEAR TEST
SO HEALTH PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE excretion; urinary; fallout; I-131; Marshall Islands
ID IODINE; METABOLISM; SWEAT
AB Soon after the Bravo nuclear test at Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands on 1 March 1954, urine samples were collected for analysis of excreted radioactivity from native residents exposed to radioactive fallout on two atolls as well as from U. S. military personnel on a third atoll. The earliest acquired samples, obtained by the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL), were assayed for various radionuclides and provided the first known measurements of I-131 in urine following exposure to fallout from a nuclear test. Over the course of 1954, many additional samples were collected by the LASL, as well as by the Atomic Energy Commission New York Operations Office's Health and Safety Laboratory and the Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory. Collectively, the groups sampled included Marshallese exposed on Rongelap and Ailinginae Atolls, American military weather observers temporarily resident on Rongerik Atoll, and sailors from the Japanese fishing vessel, the Lucky Dragon. While the bioassay measurement data and individual urine volumes have been crucial to various attempts to assess intakes of radioactivity and the related internal radiation doses among the Marshallese, those data have never been published in any peer-reviewed journal, but have been restricted to agency memoranda, laboratory reports, and summaries in some publications and book chapters. Reconstructions of internal doses to Marshallese in 1954 and in later years have depended on these data and, hence, they have considerable historical importance as well as importance to ongoing health risk projections for Marshallese. This paper presents much of the original data on urine volumes and radioactivity from the various assays of urine for radionuclides, and compares estimates of I-131 intakes made in 1954, 1985, 1987, and 2008. Health Phys. 99(2):217-232; 2010
C1 [Simon, Steven L.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Ibrahim, Shawki A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Harris, Payne S.] Los Alamos Sci Lab, Santa Fe, NM USA.
RP Simon, SL (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, 6120 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
EM ssimon@mail.nih.gov
FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Y2-A1-5077];
National Cancer Institute [Y3-CO-5117]
FX This work was supported by the Intra-Agency Agreement between the
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the National
Cancer Institute, NIAID agreement #Y2-A1-5077 and NCI agreement
#Y3-CO-5117. The authors appreciate the helpful comments of their
colleagues, Andre Bouville, Harold Beck, and Dunstana Melo.
NR 36
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U1 0
U2 4
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0017-9078
EI 1538-5159
J9 HEALTH PHYS
JI Health Phys.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 99
IS 2
BP 217
EP 232
DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181dc50a4
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical
Imaging
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
GA 622QN
UT WOS:000279678500007
PM 20622553
ER
PT J
AU Cuzzi, JN
Hogan, RC
Bottke, WF
AF Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.
Hogan, Robert C.
Bottke, William F.
TI Towards initial mass functions for asteroids and Kuiper Belt Objects
SO ICARUS
LA English
DT Article
DE Asteroids; Origin, Solar System; Kuiper Belt; Planetesimals; Disks
ID HOMOGENEOUS ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; DIFFERENTIALLY ROTATING-DISKS;
CHONDRULE-SIZED PARTICLES; EARLY SOLAR-SYSTEM; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS;
PLANETESIMAL FORMATION; PROTOSTELLAR DISKS; SETTLING VELOCITY; LAYERED
ACCRETION; FERROMAGNESIAN CHONDRULES
AB Our goal is to understand primary accretion of the first planetesimals. Some examples are seen today in the asteroid belt, providing the parent bodies for the primitive meteorites. The primitive meteorite record suggests that sizeable planetesimals formed over a period longer than a million years, each of which being composed entirely of an unusual, but homogeneous, mixture of millimeter-size particles. We sketch a scenario that might help explain how this occurred, in which primary accretion of 10-100 km size planetesimals proceeds directly, if sporadically, from aerodynamically-sorted millimeter-size particles (generically "chondrules"). These planetesimal sizes are in general agreement with the currently observed asteroid mass peak near 100 km diameter, which has been identified as a "fossil" property of the pre-erosion, pre-depletion population. We extend our primary accretion theory to make predictions for outer Solar System planetesimals, which may also have a preferred size in the 100 km diameter range. We estimate formation rates of planetesimals and explore parameter space to assess the conditions needed to match estimates of both asteroid and Kuiper Belt Object (KBO) formation rates. For parameters that satisfy observed mass accretion rates of Myr-old protoplanetary nebulae, the scenario is roughly consistent with not only the "fossil" sizes of the asteroids, and their estimated production rates, but also with the observed spread in formation ages of chondrules in a given chondrite, and with a tolerably small radial diffusive mixing during this time between formation and accretion. As previously noted, the model naturally helps explain the peculiar size distribution of chondrules within such objects. The optimum range of parameters, however, represents a higher gas density and fractional abundance of solids, and a smaller difference between Keplerian and pressure-supported orbital velocities, than "canonical" models of the solar nebula. We discuss several potential explanations for these differences. The scenario also produces 10-100 km diameter primary KBOs, and also requires an enhanced abundance of solids to match the mass production rate estimates for KBOs (and presumably the planetesimal precursors of the ice giants themselves). We discuss the advantages and plausibility of the scenario, outstanding issues, and future directions of research. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.] Ames Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
[Hogan, Robert C.] Bay Area Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA.
[Bottke, William F.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Cuzzi, JN (reprint author), Ames Res Ctr, 245-3 Moffett Field, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
EM jeffrey.cuzzi@nasa.gov
FU NASA
FX We thank Conel Alexander, Mike Brown, John Chambers, Eugene Chiang, Fred
Ciesla, Kees Dullemond, Paul Estrada, Will Grundy, Carsten Guttler,
Scott Kenyon, Noriko Kita, Erika Kurahashi, Hal Levison, Bill McKinnon,
Alessandro Morbidelli, Chris Ormel, Alan Rubin, Stu Weidenschilling, and
Andras Zsom for helpful conversations and comments on earlier
manuscripts, and for providing results in advance of publication. We
thank an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments that improved the
presentation. This work was supported by grants from NASA's Planetary
Geology and Geophysics and Origins of Solar Systems Programs. Our group
has profited greatly from generous allocations of cpu time on the NASA
High-End Computing (HEC) machines at Ames. In addition to raw cycles,
expert consultants have provided invaluable help in visualization,
parallelization, and optimization.
NR 127
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U1 0
U2 2
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0019-1035
EI 1090-2643
J9 ICARUS
JI Icarus
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 208
IS 2
BP 518
EP 538
DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.03.005
PG 21
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 629GJ
UT WOS:000280183000002
ER
PT J
AU Piyabongkarn, D
Lew, JY
Rajamani, R
Grogg, JA
AF Piyabongkarn, Damrongrit (Neng)
Lew, Jae Y.
Rajamani, Rajesh
Grogg, John A.
TI Active Driveline Torque-Management Systems
SO IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
LA English
DT Article
ID VEHICLE STABILITY CONTROL; BRAKING
C1 [Lew, Jae Y.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Lew, Jae Y.] Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA.
[Rajamani, Rajesh] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[Grogg, John A.] Eaton Corp, Torque Control Prod Div, Cleveland, OH USA.
RP Piyabongkarn, D (reprint author), Eaton Corp, Innovat Ctr, 7945 Wallace Rd, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA.
EM nengpiyabongkarn@eaton.com
NR 33
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 6
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1066-033X
J9 IEEE CONTR SYST MAG
JI IEEE Control Syst. Mag.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 4
BP 86
EP 102
DI 10.1109/MCS.2010.937005
PG 17
WC Automation & Control Systems
SC Automation & Control Systems
GA 656FK
UT WOS:000282311400012
ER
PT J
AU Sprangle, P
Penano, J
Hafizi, B
Ben-Zvi, I
AF Sprangle, Phillip
Penano, Joseph
Hafizi, Bahman
Ben-Zvi, Ilan
TI Wall-Plug Efficiency and Beam Dynamics in Free-Electron Lasers Using
Energy Recovery Linacs
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Electron linear accelerators; free-electron laser (FEL)
AB In a high average power free-electron laser (FEL) the wall-plug efficiency is of critical importance in determining the size, complexity, and cost of the overall system. The wall-plug efficiency for the FEL oscillator and amplifier (uniform and tapered wiggler) is strongly dependent on the energy recovery process. A theoretical model for electron beam dynamics in the energy recovery linac is derived and applied to the acceleration and deceleration of nano-Coulomb electron bunches for a tapered FEL amplifier. For the tapered amplifier, the spent electron beam exiting the wiggler consists of trapped and untrapped electrons. Decelerating these two populations using different phases of the radio-frequency wave in the recovery process enhances wall-plug efficiency. For the parameters considered here, the wall-plug efficiency for the tapered amplifier can be similar to 10% using this approach.
C1 [Sprangle, Phillip; Penano, Joseph] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Hafizi, Bahman] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA.
[Ben-Zvi, Ilan] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collidor Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Sprangle, P (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
EM phillip.sprangle@nrl.navy.mil; joseph.penano@nrl.navy.mil;
bahman.hafizi@nrl.navy.mil; benzvi@bnl.gov
FU Office of Naval Research; Joint Technology Office
FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research and the Joint
Technology Office.
NR 12
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9197
J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT
JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 46
IS 8
BP 1135
EP 1144
DI 10.1109/JQE.2010.2043817
PG 10
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA 579YI
UT WOS:000276413000001
ER
PT J
AU Marinella, MJ
Schroder, DK
Chung, GY
Loboda, MJ
Isaacs-Smith, T
Williams, JR
AF Marinella, Matthew J.
Schroder, Dieter K.
Chung, Gilyong
Loboda, Mark J.
Isaacs-Smith, Tamara
Williams, John R.
TI Carrier Generation Lifetimes in 4H-SiC MOS Capacitors
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
LA English
DT Article
DE Carrier generation; carrier lifetimes; carrier recombination; MOS
capacitors (MOS-Cs); semiconductor device measurements; silicon
compounds
ID EPITAXIAL LAYERS; RECOMBINATION; DEFECTS; SEMICONDUCTORS; DISLOCATIONS;
CARBIDE; SILICON; DIODES; WAFERS; 4H
AB The field of SiC electronics has progressed rapidly in recent years, but certain electronic properties remain poorly understood. For example, a consensus has not been reached as to the specific point defects which limit minority carrier recombination, and little is known about defects which limit generation lifetimes. This paper investigates generation lifetimes using the pulsed MOS capacitor technique and compares the results with defect densities, recombination lifetimes, and Schottky diode characteristics in the same material for the first time. Carrier generation lifetimes in 4H-SiC epilayers range from less than 1 ns to approximately 1 mu s and depend strongly on measurement conditions and data interpretation. They are limited by dislocations only at densities higher than 106 cm(-2). The only point defect that is theoretically capable of limiting generation lifetime to the levels currently observed in 4H-SiC is EH6/7. However, this defect cannot account for the case where generation lifetimes are lower than recombination lifetimes in the same area. This is not seen in silicon and seems to be inconsistent with theory. Possible reasons for these perplexing results are discussed, and it is attempted to form a framework with which further understanding of the significance of carrier generation lifetime measurements in SiC can be achieved.
C1 [Marinella, Matthew J.; Schroder, Dieter K.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Marinella, Matthew J.; Schroder, Dieter K.] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Chung, Gilyong; Loboda, Mark J.] Dow Corning Compound Semicond Solut LLC, Midland, MI 48611 USA.
[Isaacs-Smith, Tamara; Williams, John R.] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
RP Marinella, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Radiat Hardened CMOS Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM mmarine@sandia.gov
FU ONR [N00014-05-C-0324]
FX Manuscript received September 9, 2009; revised February 12, 2010;
accepted May 7, 2010. Date of current version July 23, 2010. This work
was supported by the ONR Contract N00014-05-C-0324 (with Dr. Paul Maki
as the Program Officer). The review of this paper was arranged by Editor
S. Bandyopadhyay.
NR 39
TC 7
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U1 0
U2 12
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9383
EI 1557-9646
J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV
JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 57
IS 8
BP 1910
EP 1923
DI 10.1109/TED.2010.2051196
PG 14
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 669XF
UT WOS:000283382800023
ER
PT J
AU Schwank, JR
Marshall, P
Brown, D
Poivey, C
Pease, R
Girard, S
Reed, R
AF Schwank, James R.
Marshall, Paul
Brown, Dennis
Poivey, Christian
Pease, Ron
Girard, Sylvain
Reed, Robert
TI SELECTED PAPERS FROM THE 2009 RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS
AND SYSTEMS (RADECS) CONFERENCE, Bruges, Belgium, September 14-18, 2009
Comments from the Editors
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Schwank, James R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Reed, Robert] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA.
RP Schwank, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RI GIRARD, Sylvain/A-7981-2013
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9499
J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI
JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 57
IS 4
BP 1723
EP 1723
DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2058010
PN 1
PG 1
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 665YR
UT WOS:000283074500001
ER
PT J
AU Dodd, PE
Shaneyfelt, MR
Schwank, JR
Felix, JA
AF Dodd, P. E.
Shaneyfelt, M. R.
Schwank, J. R.
Felix, J. A.
TI Current and Future Challenges in Radiation Effects on CMOS Electronics
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 10th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and
Systems (RADECS - 09)
CY SEP 14-18, 2009
CL Bruges, BELGIUM
DE Integrated circuit radiation effects; integrated circuit reliability;
radiation effects; radiation effects technology trends; radiation
hardening (electronics); radiation hardness assurance; radiation
hardness assurance testing; radiation hardness assurance methodology;
single event effects; single-event functional interrupt; single-event
upset; soft errors; total ionizing dose effects
ID SINGLE-EVENT-UPSET; SHALLOW-TRENCH ISOLATION; TOTAL-DOSE IRRADIATION;
BY-DESIGN METHODOLOGY; HEAVY-ION IRRADIATION; INDUCED STUCK BITS; NM SOI
SRAM; NUCLEAR-REACTIONS; RATE PREDICTION; INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS
AB Advances in microelectronics performance and density continue to be fueled by the engine of Moore's law. Although lately this engine appears to be running out of steam, recent developments in advanced technologies have brought about a number of challenges and opportunities for their use in radiation environments. For example, while many advanced CMOS technologies have generally shown improving total dose tolerance, single-event effects continue to be a serious concern for highly scaled technologies. In this paper, we examine the impact of recent developments and the challenges they present to the radiation effects community. Topics covered include the impact of technology scaling on radiation response and technology challenges for both total dose and single-event effects. We include challenges for hardening and mitigation techniques at the nanometer scale. Recent developments leading to hardness assurance challenges are covered. Finally, we discuss future radiation effects challenges as the electronics industry looks beyond Moore's law to alternatives to traditional CMOS technologies.
C1 [Dodd, P. E.; Shaneyfelt, M. R.; Schwank, J. R.; Felix, J. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Dodd, PE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM pedodd@sandia.gov
NR 130
TC 91
Z9 104
U1 2
U2 34
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9499
EI 1558-1578
J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI
JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 57
IS 4
BP 1747
EP 1763
DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2042613
PN 1
PG 17
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 665YR
UT WOS:000283074500003
ER
PT J
AU Shaneyfelt, MR
Schwank, JR
Dodd, PE
Hill, TA
Dalton, SM
Swanson, SE
AF Shaneyfelt, Marty R.
Schwank, James R.
Dodd, Paul E.
Hill, Tom A.
Dalton, Scott M.
Swanson, Scot E.
TI Effects of Moisture on Radiation-Induced Degradation in CMOS SOI
Transistors
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 10th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and
Systems (RADECS - 09)
CY SEP 14-18, 2009
CL Bruges, BELGIUM
DE Moisture exposure; radiation effects in devices; semiconductor device
radiation effects; silicon-on-insulator technology
ID HARDNESS ASSURANCE; IRRADIATION
AB The effects of moisture on radiation-induced charge buildup in the oxides of a 0.35 mu m SOI technology are explored. Data show no observable effects of moisture-related aging on radiation hardness. These results are in contrast to those of previous work performed on bulk MOS technologies fabricated in the 1980s. The cause of these differences do not appear to be due to differences in final chip passivation layers. Instead, other processing variables (e.g., thicker overlayers) may account for these differences. In any case, the SOI technology results indicate that not all advanced technologies exposed to moisture are necessarily susceptible to enhanced radiation-induced degradation.
C1 [Shaneyfelt, Marty R.; Schwank, James R.; Dodd, Paul E.; Hill, Tom A.; Dalton, Scott M.; Swanson, Scot E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Shaneyfelt, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM shaneymr@sandia.gov
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9499
J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI
JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 57
IS 4
BP 1777
EP 1780
DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2041469
PN 1
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 665YR
UT WOS:000283074500006
ER
PT J
AU Ferlet-Cavrois, V
Kobayashi, D
McMorrow, D
Schwank, JR
Ikeda, H
Zadeh, A
Flament, O
Hirose, K
AF Ferlet-Cavrois, V.
Kobayashi, D.
McMorrow, D.
Schwank, J. R.
Ikeda, H.
Zadeh, A.
Flament, O.
Hirose, K.
TI Large SET Duration Broadening in a Fully-Depleted SOI
Technology-Mitigation With Body Contacts
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 10th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and
Systems (RADECS - 09)
CY SEP 14-18, 2009
CL Bruges, BELGIUM
DE Body contacts; floating body effects; propagation induced pulse
broadening; single event transient
ID SINGLE-EVENT TRANSIENTS; HEAVY-ION IRRADIATION; PULSED-LASER; DIGITAL
CMOS; PROPAGATION; TRANSISTORS; MOSFETS; CIRCUITS; INSIGHTS; GENERATION
AB Significant floating body effects were measured in 0.2 m fully-depleted SOI resulting in large amounts of single event transient (SET) broadening, i.e., SET duration stretching. The transient response of single transistors and the propagation of single-event transients (SET) in chains of logic gate (inverters and NOR gates) were investigated by using either heavy ion irradiation or focused laser pulses. Single transistors displayed a particularly slow recovery after an ion strike (>100 ns). In logic chains, large amounts of SET duration broadening, up to 30 ps/gate, were measured when the unattenuated rail-to-rail SET propagates to the output of the chain. These floating body effects occur mainly at low frequency. They are induced by the accumulation of majority carriers in the body region which contribute to reduce the threshold voltage of OFF-state transistors. This is a slow phenomenon which takes up to several tenths of a second to build-up. It is demonstrated that floating body effects are reduced when designed with body contacts or when the chain operates at high frequency.
C1 [Ferlet-Cavrois, V.; Zadeh, A.] European Space Agcy, ESA ESTEC, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands.
[Kobayashi, D.; Ikeda, H.; Hirose, K.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, ISAS JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan.
[McMorrow, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Schwank, J. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
[Flament, O.] CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France.
RP Ferlet-Cavrois, V (reprint author), European Space Agcy, ESA ESTEC, Postbus 299, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands.
NR 51
TC 3
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U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9499
J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI
JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 57
IS 4
BP 1811
EP 1819
DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2048927
PN 1
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 665YR
UT WOS:000283074500011
ER
PT J
AU Schwank, JR
Shaneyfelt, MR
McMorrow, D
Ferlet-Cavrois, V
Dodd, P
Heidel, DF
Marshall, PW
Pellish, JA
LaBel, KA
Rodbell, KP
Hakey, M
Flores, RS
Swanson, SE
Dalton, SM
AF Schwank, James R.
Shaneyfelt, Marty R.
McMorrow, Dale
Ferlet-Cavrois, Veronique
Dodd, Paul
Heidel, David F.
Marshall, Paul W.
Pellish, Jonathan A.
LaBel, Kenneth A.
Rodbell, Kenneth P.
Hakey, Mark
Flores, Richard S.
Swanson, Scot E.
Dalton, Scott M.
TI Estimation of Heavy-Ion LET Thresholds in Advanced SOI IC Technologies
From Two-Photon Absorption Laser Measurements
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 10th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and
Systems (RADECS - 09)
CY SEP 14-18, 2009
CL Bruges, BELGIUM
DE Hardness assurance; heavy-ion testing; laser testing; single-event
upset; threshold LET; two-photon absorption
ID SINGLE-EVENT-UPSET; TRANSIENT-RESPONSE; PULSED-LASER; ENERGY; SRAM;
TRANSISTORS; LATCHUP; IMPACT; CELLS
AB The laser energy thresholds for SEU for SOI 1-Mbit SRAMs built in Sandia's 0.35-m SOI technology were measured using carrier generation by two-photon absorption. The laser measurements were correlated to heavy-ion threshold LET measurements to determine an empirical relationship between laser energy threshold and heavy-ion threshold LET. This empirical relationship was used to estimate the threshold LETs for other circuits built in Sandia's 0.35-m SOI technology and SRAMs built in IBM's 45 and 65-nm SOI technologies. For an ASIC built in Sandia's 0.35-m SOI technology the estimated threshold from laser measurements was close to the measured heavy-ion threshold LET. However, for a dual-port SRAM also built in Sandia's 0.35-m SOI technology and for the 45- and 65-nm IBM SOI SRAMs, the threshold LETs estimated from laser measurements did not correlate to the measured heavy-ion threshold LETs. For the IBM SRAMs, the likely cause of the discrepancy between the threshold LETs estimated from laser measurements and the threshold LETs measured by heavy-ion testing is due to the laser pulse simultaneously injecting charge into multiple transistors within a memory cell and/or in adjacent memory cells. This is due to the relatively large size of the laser spot size compared to the size of the SEU sensitive volume of the IBM SOI devices. The hardness assurance implications of these results are discussed.
C1 [Schwank, James R.; Shaneyfelt, Marty R.; Dodd, Paul; Flores, Richard S.; Swanson, Scot E.; Dalton, Scott M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
[McMorrow, Dale] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Ferlet-Cavrois, Veronique] ESA ESTEC, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands.
[Heidel, David F.; Rodbell, Kenneth P.] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA.
[Marshall, Paul W.] NASA, Brookneal, VA 24528 USA.
[Pellish, Jonathan A.; LaBel, Kenneth A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Hakey, Mark] IBM Syst & Technol Grp, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA.
RP Schwank, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM shaneymr@sandia.gov; mcmorrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil;
Veronique.Ferlet-Cavrois@esa.int; pedodd@sandia.gov; heidel@us.ibm.com;
pwmarshall@aol.com; jonathan.a.pellish@nasa.gov;
kenneth.a.label@nasa.gov; rodbell@us.ibm.com; mhakey@us.ibm.com;
floresr@sandia.gov; swansose@sandia.gov; smdalto@sandia.gov
NR 21
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 7
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9499
J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI
JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 57
IS 4
BP 1827
EP 1834
DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2040754
PN 1
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 665YR
UT WOS:000283074500013
ER
PT J
AU Mattiazzo, S
Battaglia, M
Bisello, D
Contarato, D
Denes, P
Giubilato, P
Pantano, D
Pozzobon, N
Tessaro, M
Wyss, J
AF Mattiazzo, Serena
Battaglia, Marco
Bisello, Dario
Contarato, Devis
Denes, Peter
Giubilato, Piero
Pantano, Devis
Pozzobon, Nicola
Tessaro, Mario
Wyss, Jeffery
TI Total Dose Effects on a FD-SOI Technology for Monolithic Pixel Sensors
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 10th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and
Systems (RADECS - 09)
CY SEP 14-18, 2009
CL Bruges, BELGIUM
DE Active pixel sensors; radiation effects; silicon on insulator
technology; silicon radiation detectors
ID RADIATION
AB Monolithic pixel detectors in deep-submicron Fully Depleted (FD) Silicon On Insulator (SOI) technology have been developed and characterized. This summary presents the first assessments of the total dose effect from ionizing radiation performed on such detectors. This work, performed on single transistor test structures, shows how the substrate bias condition during irradiation plays a dramatic role on the resulting radiation damage.
C1 [Mattiazzo, Serena; Bisello, Dario; Giubilato, Piero; Pantano, Devis; Pozzobon, Nicola; Tessaro, Mario; Wyss, Jeffery] Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy.
[Mattiazzo, Serena; Bisello, Dario; Giubilato, Piero; Pantano, Devis; Pozzobon, Nicola; Tessaro, Mario] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy.
[Battaglia, Marco] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Battaglia, Marco; Giubilato, Piero] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Wyss, Jeffery] Univ Cassino, DiMSAT, I-03043 Cassino, Italy.
RP Mattiazzo, S (reprint author), Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy.
EM serena.mattiazzo@pd.infn.it; MBattaglia@lbl.gov;
dario.bisello@pd.infn.it; DContarato@lbl.gov; PDenes@lbl.gov;
piero.giubilato@pd.infn.it; dpantano@pd.infn.it;
nicola.pozzobon@pd.infn.it; mario.tessaro@pd.infn.it; wyss@unicas.it
OI Wyss, Jeffery/0000-0002-8277-4012; Giubilato, Piero/0000-0003-4358-5355
NR 11
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9499
J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI
JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 57
IS 4
BP 2135
EP 2141
DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2038378
PN 1
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 665YR
UT WOS:000283074500056
ER
PT J
AU Shin, S
Wendt, M
AF Shin, Seunghwan
Wendt, Manfred
TI Design Studies for a High Resolution Cold Cavity Beam Position Monitor
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Cold cavity BPM; ILC; Project-X
ID SYSTEM
AB In order to preserve a low emittance beam along the 11 km long main linacs of the International Linear Collider (ILC), precise monitoring and control of the beam orbit is mandatory. A resolution < 1 mu m is required for the beam position monitors (BPM), which are located inside the cryomodules, i.e. operated at cryogenic temperatures. By using the electromagnetic field simulation programs (CST Studio Suite), we have designed a high resolution cold cavity BPM, operating in the L-Band at a 1.3 GHz dipole-mode frequency. This enables the measurement of the beam position with a Project-X like beam structure, as well as with ILC beam parameters at the superconducting RF test accelerator in the Fermilab New Muon Lab (NML) building. The results of the design studies predicts a resolution potential of a few hundred nanometers with a signal decay time of 50 ns.
C1 [Shin, Seunghwan; Wendt, Manfred] PAL, Pohang 790784, Kyungpook, South Korea.
[Shin, Seunghwan; Wendt, Manfred] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
RP Shin, S (reprint author), PAL, Pohang 790784, Kyungpook, South Korea.
EM tlssh@postech.ac.kr
FU Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; U.S.
Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359]
FX Manuscript received October 16, 2009; revised April 01, 2010 and April
13, 2010; accepted April 13, 2010. Date of publication June 28, 2010;
date of current version August 18, 2010. This work was supported by
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, operated by Fermi Research
Alliance, LLC under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department
of Energy.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9499
J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI
JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 57
IS 4
BP 2159
EP 2166
DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2049503
PN 2
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 665ZK
UT WOS:000283076500003
ER
PT J
AU Deptuch, GW
Demarteau, M
Hoff, JR
Lipton, R
Shenai, A
Trimpl, M
Yarema, R
Zimmerman, T
AF Deptuch, Grzegorz W.
Demarteau, Marcel
Hoff, James R.
Lipton, Ronald
Shenai, Alpana
Trimpl, Marcel
Yarema, Raymond
Zimmerman, Tom
TI Vertically Integrated Circuits at Fermilab
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE 3D-IC technology; CMOS; integrated circuits; pixel detector; radiation
imaging detectors; readout electronics; TSV; vertically integrated pixel
readout device; wafer bonding
ID DETECTORS; CHIP
AB The exploration of vertically integrated circuits, also commonly known as 3D-IC technology, for applications in radiation detection started at Fermilab in 2006. This paper examines the opportunities that vertical integration offers by looking at various 3D designs that have been completed by Fermilab. The emphasis is on opportunities that are presented by through silicon vias (TSV), wafer and circuit thinning, and finally fusion bonding techniques to replace conventional bump bonding. Early work by Fermilab has led to an international consortium for the development of 3D-IC circuits for High Energy Physics. For the first time, Fermilab has organized a 3D MPW run, to which more than 25 different designs have been submitted by the consortium.
C1 [Deptuch, Grzegorz W.; Hoff, James R.; Shenai, Alpana; Trimpl, Marcel; Yarema, Raymond; Zimmerman, Tom] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Particle Phys Div, Dept Elect Engn, ASIC Dev Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
RP Deptuch, GW (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Particle Phys Div, Dept Elect Engn, ASIC Dev Grp, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
EM deptuch@ieee.org; demarteau@fnal.gov; jimhoff@fnal.gov; lipton@fnal.gov;
shenai@fnal.gov; trimpl@fnal.gov; yarema@fnal.gov; zimmerman@fnal.gov
NR 33
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9499
J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI
JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 57
IS 4
BP 2178
EP 2186
DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2049659
PN 2
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 665ZK
UT WOS:000283076500006
ER
PT J
AU Kotov, IV
Kotov, AI
Frank, J
O'Connor, P
Perevoztchikov, V
Takacs, P
AF Kotov, Ivan V.
Kotov, Alexandra. I.
Frank, James
O'Connor, Paul
Perevoztchikov, Victor
Takacs, Peter
TI CCD Base Line Subtraction Algorithms
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Calibration; charge coupled devices; error analysis
AB High statistics astronomical surveys require photometric accuracy on a few percent level. The accuracy of sensor calibration procedures should match this goal. The first step in calibration procedures is the base line subtraction. The accuracy and robustness of different base line subtraction techniques used for Charge Coupled Device (CCD) sensors are discussed.
A specialized algorithm for base line subtraction in CCD images containing sparse signals was developed. This algorithm does not require taking separate bias exposures. Statistical properties of the algorithm and the algorithm performance on (55)Fe data are presented. This algorithm is compared with the bias exposures approach. Details of the bias exposure analysis are also discussed.
C1 [Kotov, Ivan V.; Kotov, Alexandra. I.; Frank, James; O'Connor, Paul; Perevoztchikov, Victor; Takacs, Peter] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Kotov, IV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM kotov@bnl.gov
FU Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515, DE-AC02-98CH10886,
W-7405-ENG-48]; Stanford Linear Accelerator Center [DE-AC02-76SF00515];
Brookhaven National Laboratory [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory [W-7405-ENG-48]
FX Manuscript received December 18, 2009; revised March 22, 2010; accepted
April 22, 2010. Date of publication June 28, 2010; date of current
version August 18, 2010. This work was supported by the Department of
Energy under Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515 with the Stanford Linear
Accelerator Center, Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886 with Brookhaven National
Laboratory, and Contract W-7405-ENG-48 with Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory. Additional support was provided by private donations, grants
to universities, and in-kind support at Department of Energy
laboratories and other LSSTC institutional members.
NR 8
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U1 1
U2 3
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9499
J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI
JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 57
IS 4
BP 2200
EP 2204
DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2049660
PN 2
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 665ZK
UT WOS:000283076500009
ER
PT J
AU Mitchell, DJ
Harding, LT
Smith, KR
AF Mitchell, Dean J.
Harding, Lee T.
Smith, Kenneth R.
TI Neutron Detection With Gamma-Ray Spectrometers for Border Security
Applications
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Gamma-ray detectors; gamma-ray spectroscopy; neutron detectors;
radiation detectors; scintillation detectors
ID IODIDE
AB Development of technologies for neutron detection that do not require (3)He is important because the supply of (3)He is very limited, and the cost of the gas is becoming prohibitive for many applications. This study evaluates the ability to detect neutron sources with gamma-ray spectrometers that are already present in many radiation measurement systems. Detection is based on count rates for gamma rays in the 3 to 8 MeV range, which are produced by the emission of fission gamma rays and neutron capture reactions in vehicles and their cargo. For materials in the normal stream of commerce, gamma rays above 3 MeV are produced only by sources that also emit neutrons. Therefore, unless the gamma-ray count rate is high enough to produce excessive random pileup, the detection of high-energy gamma rays provides an unambiguous indication of the presence of a neutron source. As part of this investigation, several shields that are suitable for use in radiation portals were constructed and characterized for their abilities to produce additional high-energy, neutron-capture gamma rays. A shield (composed of alternating layers of polyethylene and steel) enhances the ability to detect neutrons without producing detrimental effects for gamma-ray measurements. Calculations show that when shielded by neutron-detection-enhancing materials, NaI detectors can be as sensitive to the presence of a concealed neutron source as moderated (3)He detectors.
C1 [Mitchell, Dean J.; Harding, Lee T.; Smith, Kenneth R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA.
RP Mitchell, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA.
EM djmitch@sandia.gov; lthard@sandia.gov; kr-smith@sandia.gov
FU Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Domestic Nuclear Detection Office
(DNDO); U. S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security
Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000, SANDDOC 2010-0869J]
FX Manuscript received February 23, 2010; revised April 27, 2010; accepted
June 06, 2010. Date of current version August 18, 2010. This work was
supported by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Domestic Nuclear
Detection Office (DNDO). Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram
laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of
Lock-heed Martin Company, for the U. S. Department of Energy's National
Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
SANDDOC 2010-0869J.
NR 10
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U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9499
J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI
JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 57
IS 4
BP 2215
EP 2219
DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2052829
PN 2
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 665ZK
UT WOS:000283076500012
ER
PT J
AU Smith, LE
Anderson, KK
Ressler, JJ
Shaver, MW
AF Smith, L. Eric
Anderson, Kevin K.
Ressler, Jennifer J.
Shaver, Mark W.
TI Time-Spectral Analysis Methods for Spent Fuel Assay Using Lead
Slowing-Down Spectroscopy
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Neutron spectroscopy; nondestructive assay; nuclear fuel cycle
safeguards; nuclear fuels
ID SPECTROMETER; INTERROGATION; FISSILE
AB Nondestructive techniques for measuring the mass of fissile isotopes in spent nuclear fuel is a considerable challenge in the safeguarding of nuclear fuel cycles. A nondestructive assay technology that could provide direct measurement of fissile mass, particularly for the plutonium (Pu) isotopes, and improve upon the uncertainty of today's confirmatory methods is needed. Lead slowing-down spectroscopy (LSDS) has been studied for the spent fuel application previously, but the nonlinear effects of assembly self shielding (of the interrogating neutron population) have led to discouraging assay accuracy for realistic pressurized water reactor fuels. In this paper, we describe the development of time-spectral analysis algorithms for LSDS intended to overcome these self-shielding effects. The algorithm incorporates the tabulated energy-dependent cross sections from key fissile and absorbing isotopes, but leaves their mass as free variables. Multi-parameter regression analysis is then used to directly calculate not only the mass of fissile isotopes in the fuel assembly (e. g., Pu-239, U-235, and Pu-241), but also the mass of key absorbing isotopes such as Pu-240 and U-238. Modeling-based assay results using this self-shielding relationship indicate that LSDS has the potential to directly measure fissile isotopes with less than 5% average relative error for pressurized water reactor assemblies with burnup as high as 60 GWd/MTU. Shortcomings in the initial self-shielding model and potential improvements to the formulation are described.
C1 [Smith, L. Eric; Anderson, Kevin K.; Shaver, Mark W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Ressler, Jennifer J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Smith, LE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM eric.smith@pnl.gov
RI Ressler, Jennifer Jo/F-2279-2010;
OI Anderson, Kevin/0000-0001-5613-5893
FU U.S. Department of Energy Office
FX Manuscript received November 02, 2009; revised April 09, 2010; accepted
May 23, 2010. Date of current version August 18, 2010. This work was
supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear
Energy Fuel Cycle R&D program.
NR 22
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9499
J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI
JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 57
IS 4
BP 2230
EP 2238
DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2051958
PN 2
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 665ZK
UT WOS:000283076500014
ER
PT J
AU Bell, ZW
Ziock, KP
Ohmes, MF
Xu, YL
Downar, T
Pozzi, SA
AF Bell, Z. W.
Ziock, K. -P.
Ohmes, Martin F.
Xu, Yunlin
Downar, T.
Pozzi, S. A.
TI Measurement of Neutron Yields From UF4
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Neutrons; neutron yield; pulse shape discrimination; scintillation
detectors; simulation; spectrum unfolding
ID URANIUM HEXAFLUORIDE
AB We have performed measurements of neutron production from UF4 samples using liquid scintillator as the detector material. Neutrons and gamma rays were separated by a multichannel digital pulse shape discriminator, and the neutron pulse-height spectra were unfolded using sequential least-squares optimization with an active set strategy. The unfolded spectra were compared to estimates calculated with the SOURCES 4C code.
C1 [Bell, Z. W.; Ziock, K. -P.; Pozzi, S. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Ohmes, Martin F.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
[Xu, Yunlin; Downar, T.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Bell, ZW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM bellzw@ornl.gov; ziockk@ornl.gov; martin.ohmes@icxt.com;
yunlin@umich.edu; downer@umich.edu; pozzisa@umich.edu
OI Bell, Zane/0000-0003-1115-8674
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nonproliferation Research and
Development [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX Manuscript received November 29, 2009; revised February 18, 2010;
accepted April 08, 2010. Date of current version August 18, 2010. This
work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Nonproliferation Research and Development, under Contract
DE-AC05-00OR22725.
NR 18
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 7
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9499
J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI
JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 57
IS 4
BP 2239
EP 2246
DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2052470
PN 2
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 665ZK
UT WOS:000283076500015
ER
PT J
AU Smith, LE
Mace, EK
Misner, AC
Shaver, MW
AF Smith, L. Eric
Mace, Emily K.
Misner, Alex C.
Shaver, Mark W.
TI Signatures and Methods for the Automated Nondestructive Assay of UF6
Cylinders at Uranium Enrichment Plants
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Gamma-ray spectroscopy; neutron measurements; nondestructive assay;
nuclear fuel cycle safeguards; uranium enrichment assay
AB International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspectors currently perform periodic inspections at uranium enrichment plants to verify UF6 cylinder enrichment declarations. Measurements are typically performed with handheld high-resolution sensors on a sampling of cylinders taken to be representative of the facility's entire cylinder inventory. These measurements are time-consuming, expensive, and assay only a small fraction of the total cylinder volume. An automated nondestructive assay system capable of providing enrichment measurements over the full volume of the cylinder could improve upon current verification practices in terms of manpower and assay accuracy. The 185-keV emission from U-235 is utilized in today's cylinder measurements, but augmenting this "traditional" signature with more-penetrating "non-traditional" signatures could help to achieve full-volume assay in an automated system. This paper describes the study of non-traditional signatures that include neutrons produced by F-19 (alpha, n) reactions (spawned primarily from U-234 alpha emission) and the high-energy gamma rays (extending up to 8 MeV) induced by those neutrons when they interact in the cylinder wall and nearby materials. The potential of these non-traditional signatures and assay methods for automated cylinder verification is explored using field measurements on a small population of cylinders ranging from 2.0% to 5% in U-235 enrichment. The standard deviation of the non-traditional high-energy gamma-ray assay approach was 4.7% relative to the declared cylinder enrichments; the standard deviation of the traditional enrichment meter approach using a well-collimated high-resolution spectrometer was 4.3%. The prospect of using the non-traditional high-energy gamma-ray signature in concert with the traditional 185-keV signature to reduce the uncertainty of automated cylinder assay is discussed.
C1 [Smith, L. Eric; Mace, Emily K.; Misner, Alex C.; Shaver, Mark W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Smith, LE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM eric.smith@pnl.gov
FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Sustainable Nuclear Power
Initiative
FX Manuscript received November 02, 2009; revised March 26, 2010; accepted
May 31, 2010. Date of current version August 18, 2010. This work was
supported by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Sustainable
Nuclear Power Initiative.
NR 11
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 4
U2 6
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9499
J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI
JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 57
IS 4
BP 2247
EP 2253
DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2052287
PN 2
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 665ZK
UT WOS:000283076500016
ER
PT J
AU Mazzillo, M
Condorelli, G
Sanfilippo, D
Valvo, G
Carbone, B
Piana, A
Fallica, G
Ronzhin, A
Demarteau, M
Los, S
Ramberg, E
AF Mazzillo, Massimo
Condorelli, Giovanni
Sanfilippo, Delfo
Valvo, Giuseppina
Carbone, Beatrice
Piana, Angelo
Fallica, Giorgio
Ronzhin, Anatoly
Demarteau, Marcel
Los, Sergey
Ramberg, Erik
TI Timing Performances of Large Area Silicon Photomultipliers Fabricated at
STMicroelectronics
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Dark current; Geiger mode avalanche diode; Silicon PhotoMultiplier;
single photoelectron response; timing resolution
ID PHOTON AVALANCHE-DIODES; DETECTION EFFICIENCY; PHOTODIODES; TECHNOLOGY;
RESOLUTION; IRST
AB In this paper the results of charge and timing resolution characterization realized at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) on 305 x 3.5 mm(2) Silicon PhotoMultipliers fabricated at STMicroelectronics Catania R&D clean room facilities are presented. The device consists of 4900 microcells and has a geometrical fill factor of 36%. Timing measurements were realized at different wavelengths by varying the overvoltage and the temperature applied to the photodetector. The results shown in this manuscript demonstrate that the device, in spite of its large area, exhibits relevant features in terms of low dark current density, fast timing and very good single photoelectron resolution. All these characteristics can be considered very appealing in view of the utilization of this technology in applications requiring detectors with high timing and energy resolution performances.
C1 [Mazzillo, Massimo; Condorelli, Giovanni; Sanfilippo, Delfo; Valvo, Giuseppina; Carbone, Beatrice; Piana, Angelo; Fallica, Giorgio] STMicroelectronics, IMS, Res & Dev, I-95121 Catania, Italy.
[Ronzhin, Anatoly; Demarteau, Marcel; Los, Sergey; Ramberg, Erik] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
RP Mazzillo, M (reprint author), STMicroelectronics, IMS, Res & Dev, I-95121 Catania, Italy.
EM massimo.mazzillo@st.com
NR 21
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U1 0
U2 8
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9499
J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI
JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 57
IS 4
BP 2273
EP 2279
DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2049122
PN 2
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 665ZK
UT WOS:000283076500019
ER
PT J
AU Van Ginhoven, RM
Jaffe, JE
Kerisit, S
Rosso, KM
AF Van Ginhoven, Renee M.
Jaffe, John E.
Kerisit, Sebastien
Rosso, Kevin M.
TI Trapping of Holes and Excitons in Scintillators: CsI and LaX3 (X = Cl,
Br)
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE ab initio; cesium iodide; charge carriers; density functional theory;
exciton; lanthanum bromide; lanthanum chloride; luminescence; modeling;
quantum mechanics; scintillator
ID ENERGY-RESOLUTION; HALIDE SCINTILLATORS; DOPED LACL3; LIGHT YIELD;
AB-INITIO; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; CE3+; PERFORMANCE; MECHANISMS; EFFICIENT
AB We present computational results for trapping of polarons and excitons in undoped CsI, LaCl3 and LaBr3, using plane-wave-pseudopotential density functional theory with Hartree-Fock exact exchange. The optimized V-K center and STE in CsI is a distortion of two iodine atoms from the lattice to form an interstitial bound I-2(-) molecule, consistent with previous theoretical and experimental results. In both LaCl3 and LaBr3, the relaxed STE configuration involves only one displaced halide ion, and does not form an X-2(-). The calculated luminescence energy for the STE in LaCl3 and LaBr3 is 4.1 and 3.7 eV, respectively.
C1 [Van Ginhoven, Renee M.; Jaffe, John E.; Kerisit, Sebastien; Rosso, Kevin M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Van Ginhoven, RM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM renee.vanginhoven@pnl.gov
FU Radiation Detection Materials Discovery (RDMD) initiative; U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE) [NA-22, DE-AC05-76RL01830]
FX Manuscript received April 02, 2010; revised May 23, 2010; accepted May
24, 2010. Date of current version August 18, 2010. This work was
supported by the Radiation Detection Materials Discovery (RDMD)
initiative and by the National Security Administration, Office of
Nuclear Nonproliferation Research and Engineering (NA-22), of the U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE). RDMD is a Laboratory-Directed Research and
Development Program at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, a
multi-program national laboratory operated by Battelle for the DOE under
Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830.
NR 32
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U1 2
U2 9
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9499
J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI
JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 57
IS 4
BP 2303
EP 2308
DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2052468
PN 2
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 665ZK
UT WOS:000283076500023
ER
PT J
AU Franc, J
James, RB
Grill, R
Dedic, V
Belas, E
Praus, P
Prekas, G
Sellin, PJ
AF Franc, Jan
James, Ralph B.
Grill, Roman
Dedic, Vaclav
Belas, Eduard
Praus, Petr
Prekas, Georgios
Sellin, Paul J.
TI Influence of Contacts on Electric Field in an Au/(CdZn)Te/Au Detector: A
Simulation
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE CdTe; electric field; radiation detectors
ID X-RAY; CDZNTE; CDTE; CRYSTALS
AB We report our simulations on the influence of contacts on charge collection in semi-insulating (CdZn)Te with Au contacts under radiation flux, employing simultaneous solutions of the drift-diffusion and Poisson equations. The type of the space charge and the distribution of the electric field in the Au/(CdZn)Te/Au structure at high fluxes reflect the combined influence of charge generated by band bending at the electrodes, and from photogenerated carriers trapped at deep levels. We show that the space charge originating from the latter approaches dominance at high fluxes while the influence of the contacts becomes negligible. The ratio of trapping and collection times at low fluxes strongly depends on band bending, due mainly to a change in the occupation of deep levels by injection or depletion from the contacts. Such dependence is weak at high fluxes; in this case, the space charge due to trapped carriers prevails over that formed due to band bending. These phenomena can cause the formation an electric-field minimum within the device (the pinch point), the position of which is influenced by the nature of the contacts. The field minimum can completely disappear or develop into a dead layer as band bending changes.
C1 [Franc, Jan; Grill, Roman; Dedic, Vaclav; Belas, Eduard; Praus, Petr] Charles Univ Prague, Inst Phys, Fac Math & Phys, CZ-12116 Prague, Czech Republic.
[James, Ralph B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nonproliferat & Natl Secur Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Prekas, Georgios; Sellin, Paul J.] Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England.
RP Franc, J (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Inst Phys, Fac Math & Phys, CZ-12116 Prague, Czech Republic.
EM franc@karlov.mff.cuni.cz; rjames@bnl.gov
RI Grill, Roman/A-2109-2008; Dedic, Vaclav/Q-3847-2016; Dedic,
Vaclav/A-2946-2017; Franc, Jan/C-3802-2017; Praus, Petr/D-8792-2017
OI Grill, Roman/0000-0002-4615-8909; Dedic, Vaclav/0000-0001-7159-5521;
Franc, Jan/0000-0002-9493-3973; Praus, Petr/0000-0002-8272-0858
FU Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic; Grant Agency of Czech
Republic [102/10/0148]; Grant Agency Charles University [48910/2010];
Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development, U.S. Department of
Energy [NA-22]; U.K. Basic Technology 'HEXITEC' programme
FX Manuscript received December 21, 2009; revised March 31, 2010 and June
01, 2010; accepted June 07, 2010. Date of current version August 18,
2010. This work was part of the research plan MSM 0021620834, which is
supported by the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic. This work
was also supported by the Grant Agency of Czech Republic (No.
102/10/0148) and the grant agency of Charles University (48910/2010). R.
B. James gratefully acknowledges support from the Office of
Nonproliferation Research and Development, U.S. Department of Energy,
NA-22. P. J. Sellin and G. Prekas gratefully acknowledge support from
the U.K. Basic Technology 'HEXITEC' programme.
NR 22
TC 10
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U1 0
U2 14
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9499
J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI
JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 57
IS 4
BP 2349
EP 2358
DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2053049
PN 2
PG 10
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 665ZK
UT WOS:000283076500029
ER
PT J
AU Azmoun, B
Caccavano, A
Rumore, M
Sinsheimer, J
Smirnov, N
Stoll, S
Woody, C
AF Azmoun, Babek
Caccavano, Adam
Rumore, Matthew
Sinsheimer, John
Smirnov, Nikolai
Stoll, Sean
Woody, Craig
TI A Measurement of the Scintillation Light Yield in CF4 Using a
Photosensitive GEM Detector
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE CF4; Cherenkov detectors; CsI photocathodes; GEM detectors; HBD;
micropattern gas detectors; PHENIX; scintillation light
ID PARAMETERS
AB The absolute photon yield of scintillation light produced by highly ionizing particles in pure CF4 has been measured using a photosensitive Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector. The detector consists of two standard GEMs and a CsI coated GEM which acts as a photocathode that is sensitive to the 160 nm scintillation light produced in CF4. The light yield was determined in terms of the number of scintillation photons emitted into a 4 pi solid angle produced per MeV of energy deposited in the gas by a 5.5 MeV alpha particle and found to be 314 +/- 15 photons per MeV. The quantum yield was determined using a fitting method to determine the number of photoelectrons from the measured pulse height distribution, and by an independent method using the measured gain of the GEM detector. The effect of scintillation light in CF4 on the performance of Cherenkov detectors, such as the PHENIX Hadron Blind Detector (HBD) at RHIC, is also discussed.
C1 [Azmoun, Babek; Caccavano, Adam; Stoll, Sean; Woody, Craig] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Rumore, Matthew] Worcester Polytech Inst, Worcester, MA 01609 USA.
[Sinsheimer, John] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA.
[Smirnov, Nikolai] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
RP Azmoun, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM woody@bnl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Nuclear Physics
[DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX Manuscript received September 04, 2009; revised February 19, 2010;
accepted May 23, 2010. Date of current version August 18, 2010. This
work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Nuclear
Physics, under Prime Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886.
NR 11
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9499
J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI
JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 57
IS 4
BP 2376
EP 2381
DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2052632
PN 2
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 665ZK
UT WOS:000283076500033
ER
PT J
AU Keister, JW
Smedley, J
Dimitrov, D
Busby, R
AF Keister, Jeffrey W.
Smedley, John
Dimitrov, Dimitre
Busby, Richard
TI Charge Collection and Propagation in Diamond X-Ray Detectors
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Charge carrier processes; diamond; photoconductivity; wide band gap
semiconductors; x-ray detectors
AB Diamond is a unique material for x-ray energy conversion. Its high thermal conductivity and low coefficient of thermal expansion make it ideal for high heat load environments. High material strength and x-ray transmission also are potentially useful features for certain applications in x-ray science. However, its large bandgap, while offering insensitivity to visible light, makes charge trapping more likely (thermal detrapping less likely) than in silicon; energy conversion efficiency is also 3-4 times less even under the best conditions.
Limitations to charge collection efficiency such as recombination and charge trapping have been investigated quantitatively using quasi-continuous tunable synchrotron radiation under flexible biasing schemes as well using detailed Monte Carlo simulations. In the case of charge collection efficiency, the magnitude of the applied field, initial particle energy, and probe depth are adjusted. The diffusion and drift of photo-generated charge clouds are explicitly considered for the specific scattering behavior of diamond. While recombination loss at the entrance window of diamond diodes is qualitatively similar to a treatment for an additional "dead" carbon window layer, the observed field and photon energy dependence implies that the more sophisticated model is more correct quantitatively. In addition, charge propagation in diamond is unique in that photoconductive gain is possible. Effectively, charge trapping of one carrier leads to screening of the applied field. In order to avoid photoconductive gain, either blocking contacts or explicit detrapping is required. Initial investigations of photoconductive gain as a function of applied field, waveform and photon energy have provided insight into the performance of state of the art single crystal diamond. Simple models are proposed to assist in extrapolating the observed behavior towards useful detector devices.
C1 [Keister, Jeffrey W.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Smedley, John] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Dimitrov, Dimitre; Busby, Richard] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Keister, JW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM jkeister@bnl.gov; smedley@bnl.gov; dad@txcorp.com; busby@txcorp.com
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-FG02-06ER84509,
DE-FG02-08ER41547]; Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC with U.S.
Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX Manuscript received December 17, 2009; revised April 05, 2010; accepted
May 29, 2010. Date of current version August 18, 2010. This work was
supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grants
DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-FG02-06ER84509 (Tech-X Corporation) and
DE-FG02-08ER41547 (BNL). This manuscript has been authored by Brookhaven
Science Associates, LLC under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S.
Department of Energy. Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC operates
Brookhaven National Laboratory and its facilities, including the
National Synchrotron Light Source and NSLS-II. The U.S. Government
retains, and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication,
acknowledges, a worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published
form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for the U.S.
Government purposes.
NR 19
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 9
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9499
J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI
JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 57
IS 4
BP 2400
EP 2404
DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2052288
PN 2
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 665ZK
UT WOS:000283076500037
ER
PT J
AU Degnan, JH
Struve, KW
AF Degnan, James H.
Struve, Kenneth W.
TI Special Issue on Megagauss Physics and Technology
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Degnan, James H.] AFRL RDHP, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA.
[Struve, Kenneth W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Degnan, JH (reprint author), AFRL RDHP, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0093-3813
J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI
JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 38
IS 8
BP 1718
EP 1718
DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2052841
PN 1
PG 1
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 664LI
UT WOS:000282961100001
ER
PT J
AU Mielke, CH
Novac, BM
AF Mielke, Charles H.
Novac, Bucur Mircea
TI Experimental and Numerical Studies of Megagauss Magnetic-Field
Generation at LANL-NHMFL
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Magnetic flux compression; numerical modeling; single-turn coil;
ultrahigh magnetic fields
ID ELECTROMAGNETIC FLUX-COMPRESSION
AB The LANL-NHMFL Megagauss Facility has a well-established history of generating ultrahigh magnetic fields beyond 200 T for a broad range of applications. Using the 2-D Loughborough filamentary modeling, a detailed numerical analysis of the single-turn technique was performed. Single-turn calculations for the standard coil (10 x 10 x 3.2 mm) proved to be extremely accurate up to 40-kV capacitor bank charging, corresponding to a field of 185 T, and also revealed important aspects to be observed during experimentation. For pushing the boundaries toward 500 T, a major effort is under way to perform fast electromagnetic flux compression using a pulsed-power system mainly based on the same capacitor bank. Full details of the design for the new arrangement are given, and based on a well-proven 2-D filamentary modeling, the complex phenomena expected during the flux-compression process are highlighted.
C1 [Mielke, Charles H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Novac, Bucur Mircea] Univ Loughborough, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England.
RP Mielke, CH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, NHMFL, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM cmielke@lanl.gov; B.M.Novac@lboro.ac.uk
RI Mielke, Charles/S-6827-2016
OI Mielke, Charles/0000-0002-2096-5411
FU LANL LDRD-DR [LDRD-DR20030084, LDRD-DR20070013]
FX This work was supported in part by the LANL LDRD-DR Program under Grants
LDRD-DR20030084 and LDRD-DR20070013.
NR 5
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0093-3813
J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI
JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 38
IS 8
BP 1739
EP 1749
DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2049507
PN 1
PG 11
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 664LI
UT WOS:000282961100006
ER
PT J
AU Garanin, SF
Kuznetsov, SD
Atchison, WL
Reinovsky, RE
Awe, TJ
Bauer, BS
Fuelling, S
Lindemuth, IR
Siemon, RE
AF Garanin, Sergey F.
Kuznetsov, Sergey D.
Atchison, Walter L.
Reinovsky, Robert E.
Awe, Thomas J.
Bauer, Bruno S.
Fuelling, Stephan
Lindemuth, Irvin R.
Siemon, Richard E.
TI Numerical Simulations of Thick-Aluminum-Wire Behavior Under
Megaampere-Current Drive
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Heat conduction; magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) calculations; megagauss
field; plasma formation
AB A series of experiments to study the behavior of thick wires (0.5-2 mm in diameter) driven by currents of about 1 MA has recently been conducted on the Zebra facility at the University of Nevada, Reno. The objective of these experiments was to study plasma formation on the surface of conductors under the influence of megagauss magnetic fields. Laser shadowgraphy, filtered optical and extreme ultraviolet photodiodes, and extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy used in the experiments provided data on radial expansion of wires and on plasma radiation. This paper focuses on numerical simulations of these experiments. Simulations with wires having diameters up to 1.6 mm demonstrated plasma formation with temperatures above 3 eV, which is in preliminary agreement with the experiment. For 2-mm-diameter wires, although plasma can be observed in the simulations, it has substantially smaller optical thickness than in the simulations of the smaller diameter wires, and the radiation fluxes prove to be much lower. This can shed light on the experimental results where the radiation of the 2-mm wires was very weak. The simulated time dependences of the wire radii agree rather well with the experimental results obtained using laser diagnostics and visible-light imaging. The experimental data of the photodiodes also agree well with the simulated time dependence of the detected radiation.
C1 [Garanin, Sergey F.; Kuznetsov, Sergey D.] All Russian Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov 607190, Russia.
[Atchison, Walter L.; Reinovsky, Robert E.; Awe, Thomas J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Bauer, Bruno S.; Fuelling, Stephan; Lindemuth, Irvin R.; Siemon, Richard E.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89506 USA.
RP Garanin, SF (reprint author), All Russian Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov 607190, Russia.
EM sfgar@vniief.ru
FU LANS/VNIIEF [37713-000-02-35]
FX This work was supported in part by LANS/VNIIEF Contract 37713-000-02-35,
Task Order 037.
NR 12
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0093-3813
EI 1939-9375
J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI
JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 38
IS 8
BP 1815
EP 1821
DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2052028
PN 1
PG 7
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 664LI
UT WOS:000282961100018
ER
PT J
AU Tasker, DG
Goforth, JH
Oona, H
AF Tasker, Douglas G.
Goforth, James H.
Oona, Henn
TI Design Improvements to High-Explosive Pulsed-Power
Isentropic-Compression Experiments
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Explosively formed fuse (EFF); explosives; high pressures; isentropic
compression; opening switch; pulsed power; tantalum
AB A series of 1-D isentropic-compression experiments (ICE) has been initiated using the high-explosive pulsed-power (HEPP) system. Accurate high-stress isentropic equation-of-state (EOS) data had been reported using the HEPP-ICE system. A number of important advantages of the system were demonstrated, including higher stresses, higher accuracy, and larger sample sizes than those of other methods. Several potential design improvements have since been identified and tested. The storage inductor was eliminated, and the experiment was performed before the output of the plate flux compression generator could short-circuit itself. This eliminated the loss of current that occurs when the generator plates bounce apart. A new design of explosively formed fuse opening switch was employed with a multipoint initiation system that reduced the explosive mass, significantly reduced the timing jitter by eliminating air gaps, and minimized flux losses. In addition, with this new switch, the resistance-versus-time profile may be adjusted by controlling the initiation times of its four quadrants. Anomalous results were obtained with the new switch. The results of using this switch in an EOS experiment on pure tantalum are reported.
C1 [Tasker, Douglas G.; Goforth, James H.; Oona, Henn] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Tasker, DG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM tasker@lanl.gov; goforthjh@lanl.gov; oona@lanl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy
FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 7
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0093-3813
J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI
JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 38
IS 8
BP 1828
EP 1834
DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2047120
PN 1
PG 7
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 664LI
UT WOS:000282961100020
ER
PT J
AU Turchi, PJ
Roderick, NF
Degnan, JH
Frese, MH
Amdahl, DJ
AF Turchi, Peter J.
Roderick, Norman F.
Degnan, James H.
Frese, Michael H.
Amdahl, David J.
TI Review of Some Plasma Gun Techniques for Fusion at Megagauss Energy
Densities
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Megagauss; nuclear fusion; plasma guns
ID FLOW SWITCH; ELECTROMAGNETIC-IMPLOSION; LINER COMPRESSION; GENERATION;
SPEED; FIELD
AB Plasma guns offer opportunities to generate and direct plasma flows at high energy density. Typically, such guns comprise coaxial electrodes that are connected to high-current sources (e. g., capacitor banks, pulse lines, inductive stores, or magnetic-flux-compression generators). The basic interactions include ionization of materials such as injected gas or preinstalled wires/foils, acceleration of these materials by the Lorentz force, and expulsion of the resulting plasma flows. We review the use of a particular arrangement in the form of a plasma flow switch that acts as a multimegampere commutator, but it can also provide a magnetized-plasma target for compression by an imploding liner. In a quite separate concept, a plurality of quasi-steady plasma guns in a spherical array provides converging, collimated jets to compress plasma with stand-off from the plasma generators and chamber walls. Such stand-off in a repetitively pulsed system can be crucial for the development of fusion power reactors at megagauss energy densities.
C1 [Turchi, Peter J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Roderick, Norman F.; Frese, Michael H.] NumerEx, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA.
[Degnan, James H.; Amdahl, David J.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA.
RP Turchi, PJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
NR 31
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 7
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0093-3813
J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI
JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 38
IS 8
BP 1864
EP 1873
DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2051043
PN 1
PG 10
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 664LI
UT WOS:000282961100025
ER
PT J
AU Li, HJ
Li, FX
Xu, Y
Rizy, DT
Kueck, JD
AF Li, Huijuan
Li, Fangxing
Xu, Yan
Rizy, D. Tom
Kueck, John D.
TI Adaptive Voltage Control With Distributed Energy Resources: Algorithm,
Theoretical Analysis, Simulation, and Field Test Verification
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Ancillary services; distributed energy resources; distributed
generators; inverter control; PI control; reactive power; voltage
control
ID REACTIVE POWER; WIND-TURBINE; GENERATION
AB Distributed energy resources (DE) or distributed generators (DG) with power electronics interfaces and logic control using local measurements are capable of providing reactive power related ancillary system services. In particular, local voltage regulation has drawn much attention in regards to power system reliability and voltage stability, especially from past major cascading outages. This paper addresses the challenges of controlling DEs to regulate local voltage in distribution systems. An adaptive voltage control method has been proposed to dynamically modify control parameters to respond to system changes. Theoretical analysis shows that there exists a corresponding formulation of the dynamic control parameters; hence the adaptive control method is theoretically solid. Both simulation and field experiment test results at the Distributed Energy Communications and Controls (DECC) Laboratory confirm that this method is capable of satisfying the fast response requirement for operational use without causing oscillation, inefficiency, or system equipment interference. Since this method has a high tolerance to real-time data shortage and is widely adaptive to variable power system operational situations, it is quite suitable for broad utility application.
C1 [Li, Huijuan; Li, Fangxing] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Xu, Yan; Rizy, D. Tom; Kueck, John D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Li, HJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RI Li, Fangxing/E-6023-2013
OI Li, Fangxing/0000-0003-1060-7618
FU Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability, U.S. Department of
Energy [DE-AC05-00OR 22725]
FX Manuscript received August 31, 2009; revised December 08, 2009. First
published March 15, 2010; current version published July 21, 2010. This
work was supported by the Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy
Reliability, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR
22725 with UT-Battelle and conducted at ORNL and UT Knoxville. Paper no.
TPWRS-00697-2009.
NR 20
TC 60
Z9 62
U1 0
U2 9
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0885-8950
J9 IEEE T POWER SYST
JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 3
BP 1638
EP 1647
DI 10.1109/TPWRS.2010.2041015
PG 10
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA 659CP
UT WOS:000282544900043
ER
PT J
AU Ruzer, LS
Apte, MG
AF Ruzer, Lev S.
Apte, Michael G.
TI Unattached radon progeny as an experimental tool for dosimetry of
nanoaerosols: Proposed method and research strategy
SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Unattached radon progeny; nanoaerosol regional dosimetry; surface area;
human lung nanoparticle deposition
ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; SURFACE-AREA; LUNG; FRACTION; SPECT
AB In this paper the authors discuss a method using 1-nm particulate radon decay products as an experimental tool in the study of local lung deposition and dosimetry for nanoaerosols. The study of aerosol exposure and dosimetry measurements, and related quantitative assessment of health effects, are important to the understanding of the consequences of air pollution, and are discussed widely in the scientific literature. During the last 10 years the need to correlate aerosol exposure and biological effects has become especially important due to rapid development of a new, revolutionary industry-nanotechnology. Quantitative assessment of aerosol particle behavior in air, in lung deposition, and dosimetry in different parts of the lung, particularly for nanoaerosols, remains poor despite several decades of study. Direct nanoparticle dose measurements on humans are still needed in order to validate the hollow cast, animal studies, and lung deposition modeling. The issue of the safe use of radon progeny in such measurements is discussed. One of the properties of radon progeny is that they consist partly of 1-nm radioactive particles called unattached activity; having extremely small size and high diffusion coefficients, these particles can be potentially useful as radioactive tracers in the study of nanometer-sized aerosols.
C1 [Ruzer, Lev S.; Apte, Michael G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Ruzer, LS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Dr Tech Sci,90R3058,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM lsruzer@lbl.gov
FU Office of Science, US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, US
Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 29
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 4
PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE
PI LONDON
PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND
SN 0895-8378
J9 INHAL TOXICOL
JI Inhal. Toxicol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 22
IS 9
BP 760
EP 766
DI 10.3109/08958371003758815
PG 7
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA 633VW
UT WOS:000280535900006
PM 20433333
ER
PT J
AU Liu, YH
Liu, CT
Gali, A
Inoue, A
Chen, MW
AF Liu, Y. H.
Liu, C. T.
Gali, A.
Inoue, A.
Chen, M. W.
TI Evolution of shear bands and its correlation with mechanical response of
a ductile Zr55Pd10Cu20Ni5Al10 bulk metallic glass
SO INTERMETALLICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Bulk metallic glasses; Shear bands; Mechanical properties; Plasticity
ID AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; PLASTICITY; COMPRESSION; FLOW; DEFORMATION; STRENGTH;
BEHAVIOR; BRITTLENESS; PREVALENCE; FRACTURE
AB The correlation between three-dimensional spatial evolution of shear bands and mechanical response of a ductile Zr55Pd10Cu20Ni5Al10 bulk metallic glass (BMG) was investigated by an interrupted compression technique combining with systematic scanning electron microscope observations. It was found that the formation of shear bands is determined primarily by the inherent material behavior whereas the external factors, such as surface imperfections, impose only minor influence. At the early stage of plastic deformation, the serration events were discovered to arise from coupled operation of multiple shear bands. The shear band operation takes place in a progressive manner. The resistance for shear band propagation appears to be higher than that for their initiation, leading to an apparent strain-hardening during the transition from elastic deformation to steady plastic flow. The plasticity of BMGs depends on the competition between the formation of new shear bands and the reactivation of primary shear bands during plastic deformation and large plastic strain of ductile BMGs is mainly accomplished by the formation of new shear bands. This study provides comprehensive observations on the low-temperature deformation process of BMGs for understanding the mechanical properties of glassy alloys. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Liu, C. T.] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Hung Hom Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
[Liu, Y. H.; Inoue, A.; Chen, M. W.] Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan.
[Liu, C. T.; Gali, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Liu, CT (reprint author), Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Hung Hom Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM mmct8tc@inet.polyu.edu.hk; mwchen@wpi-aimr.tohoku.ac.jp
RI LIU, Yanhui/B-1485-2009; Inoue, Akihisa/E-5271-2015; Chen,
Mingwei/A-4855-2010
OI Chen, Mingwei/0000-0002-2850-8872
FU JSPS [20860011]; MEXT, Japan; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; DMES/BES
US Department of Energy with ORNL
FX The work was sponsored by the "Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists
Start-up" (20860011) and "Grant-in-Aid-S", JSPS, "Global COE for
Materials Science" and "World Premier International (WPI) Center
Initiative", MEXT, Japan. CT Liu was supported by the internal funding
from Hong Kong Polytechnic University. CT Liu and A. Gali were also
supported by DMES/BES US Department of Energy under contract with ORNL.
NR 34
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 29
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0966-9795
J9 INTERMETALLICS
JI Intermetallics
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 18
IS 8
BP 1455
EP 1464
DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2010.03.037
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy &
Metallurgical Engineering
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 626FZ
UT WOS:000279953000006
ER
PT J
AU Kalay, YE
Chumbley, LS
Kramer, MJ
Anderson, IE
AF Kalay, Y. E.
Chumbley, L. S.
Kramer, M. J.
Anderson, I. E.
TI Local structure in marginal glass forming Al-Sm alloy
SO INTERMETALLICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Nanostructured intermetallics; Glasses, metallic; Rapid solidification
processing; Simulations, Monte Carlo; Diffraction
ID METALLIC GLASSES; NANOCRYSTAL DEVELOPMENT; DISORDERED STRUCTURES;
AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; RANGE ORDER; CRYSTALLIZATION; NUCLEATION; ALUMINUM;
SYSTEMS; FE
AB The local structure in rapidly quenched Al(100-x)Smx (x = 8, 10, 11, and 12) and liquid Al89Sm11 has been investigated using a combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction (HEXRD). TEM analysis showed a featureless microstructure with diffuse scattering in rapidly quenched Al(100-x)Smx (x = 8, 10, 11, and 12) within the glass formation composition range under the bright field (BF) conditions. Total structure factor analysis of the liquid and as-quenched alloys revealed a pre-peak located well below the main amorphous peak and a distinct side peak. The presence of the pre-peak and the side peak is related to the formation of Sm rich medium range order (MRO) clusters in the liquid that is retained in the as-quenched alloys. Atomic structure models constructed using Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) simulations from experimentally determined total structure factors and coupled with Voronoi Tessellation analysis indicated icosahedral and deformed bcc-like Voronoi polyhedron (VP) surrounding Al and Sm atoms, respectively. Sm atoms were found to be highly coordinated with Al atoms in the first shell neighborhood. The structural unit sizes corresponding to the extra broad peaks and the first shell neighborhood around Sm atoms have remarkable similarities with the high temperature metastable Al11Sm3 tetragonal phase. The existence of the Sm rich MRO clusters in the as-quenched state is believed to promote the high nucleation density of fcc-Al nanocrystals that form when the material is devitrified by acting as catalyst sites. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kalay, Y. E.; Chumbley, L. S.; Kramer, M. J.; Anderson, I. E.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Kalay, Y. E.; Chumbley, L. S.; Kramer, M. J.; Anderson, I. E.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
RP Kalay, YE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
EM yekalay@ameslab.gov
FU United States Department of Energy (USDOE), Office of Science (OS),
Office of Basic Energy Science (BES) [DE-AC02-07CH11358,
DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX Appreciation is expressed to Shaogang Hao for his valuable help in
ab-initio calculations. The work at Ames Laboratory was supported by the
United States Department of Energy (USDOE), Office of Science (OS),
Office of Basic Energy Science (BES), under Ames Laboratory Contract No.
DE-AC02-07CH11358, the high-energy X-ray work at the MUCAT sector of the
APS was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, and
Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The
assistance of Materials Preparation Center of the Ames Laboratory is
acknowledged for supplying our samples [27].
NR 40
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 27
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0966-9795
EI 1879-0216
J9 INTERMETALLICS
JI Intermetallics
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 18
IS 8
BP 1676
EP 1682
DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2010.05.005
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy &
Metallurgical Engineering
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 626FZ
UT WOS:000279953000036
ER
PT J
AU Nguyen, BN
Kunc, V
AF Nguyen, Ba Nghiep
Kunc, Vlastimil
TI An Elastic-plastic Damage Model for Long-fiber Thermoplastics
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAMAGE MECHANICS
LA English
DT Article
DE long-fiber thermoplastics; injection molding; fiber length distribution;
fiber orientation; elastic-plastic; continuum damage; matrix cracking;
fiber/matrix debonding; failure; strength
ID REINFORCED COMPOSITES; MECHANISTIC APPROACH; PROGRESSIVE DAMAGE; MATRIX
COMPOSITES; ORIENTATION; STIFFNESS; INCLUSIONS; PREDICTION; STRENGTH;
STRESS
AB This article proposes an elastic-plastic damage model that combines micromechanical modeling with continuum damage mechanics to predict the stress-strain response of injection-molded long-fiber thermoplastics. The model accounts for distributions of orientation and length of elastic fibers embedded in a thermoplastic matrix whose behavior is elastic-plastic and damageable. The elastic-plastic damage behavior of the matrix is described by the modified Ramberg-Osgood relation and the 3D damage model in deformation assuming isotropic hardening. Fiber/matrix debonding is accounted for using a parameter that governs the fiber/matrix interface compliance. A linear relationship between this parameter and the matrix damage variable is assumed. First, the elastic-plastic damage behavior of the reference aligned fiber composite containing the same fiber volume fraction and length distribution as the actual composite is computed using an incremental Eshelby-Mori-Tanaka mean field approach. The incremental response of the latter is then obtained from the solution for the aligned-fiber composite by averaging over all fiber orientations. The model is validated against the experimental stress-strain results obtained for long-glass-fiber/polypropylene specimens.
C1 [Nguyen, Ba Nghiep] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Kunc, Vlastimil] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Nguyen, BN (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM ba.nguyen@pnl.gov
RI Kunc, Vlastimil/E-8270-2017
OI Kunc, Vlastimil/0000-0003-4405-7917
FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Vehicle Technologies
FX This work has been funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of
Vehicle Technologies. The support by Dr Joseph Carpenter Jr, Technology
Area Development Manager, is gratefully acknowledged. The authors wish
to thank Prof. Charles L. Tucker III and Mr Jay H. Phelps at the
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and Dr Satish K. Bapanapalli
at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for the numerous and
helpful discussions on LFTs, and also for their supports to the
Predictive Engineering Research Program for LFTs. The authors would also
like to thank Dr David C. Warren at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory
(ORNL) and Mr Mark T. Smith at PNNL for their constant assistance
brought to this Research Program.
NR 47
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PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1056-7895
EI 1530-7921
J9 INT J DAMAGE MECH
JI Int. J. Damage Mech.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 19
IS 6
BP 691
EP 725
DI 10.1177/1056789509338319
PG 35
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics
SC Materials Science; Mechanics
GA 635OM
UT WOS:000280665000002
ER
PT J
AU Laurinavichene, TV
Belokopytov, BF
Laurinavichius, KS
Tekucheva, DN
Seibert, M
Tsygankov, AA
AF Laurinavichene, Tatyana V.
Belokopytov, Boris F.
Laurinavichius, Kestutis S.
Tekucheva, Darya N.
Seibert, Michael
Tsygankov, Anatoly A.
TI Towards the integration of dark- and photo-fermentative waste treatment.
3. Potato as substrate for sequential dark fermentation and light-driven
H-2 production
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Hydrogen production; Potato homogenate fermentation; Integrated system;
Purple photosynthetic bacteria
ID HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; BIOHYDROGEN PRODUCTION;
ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE; PHOTOPRODUCTION; CAPSULATUS; LACTOBACILLUS;
COCULTURES; BACTERIUM; EFFLUENT
AB The goal of the study was to characterize H-2 production in an integrated process utilizing potato homogenate (PH) for dark, fermentative H-2 production followed by H-2 photoproduction using purple non-sulfur bacteria. Emphasis was placed on (a) examining potato fermentation effluent (FE) as substrate for H-2 photoproduction, (b) estimating the yield and efficiency of both processes, and (c) elucidating the physiological factors influencing the integrated system as a whole. In the dark stage maximal production of gas (11.5 L L-1 of the culture) and VFA (350 mM) were observed with a PH concentration of 400 g L-1 of medium, but higher yields (0.05 L g(-1) PH; 1.9 mmol g(-1) PH) were obtained at PH concentrations of 50-100 g L-1. H-2 photoproduction by purple bacteria was inhibited at high FE content. Upon suitable dilution, adequate illumination, and supplementation with Fe/Mg/phosphate nutrients, H-2 photoproduction reached 40 L L-1 of non-diluted FE, with a total H-2 yield of 5.6 mol mol(-1) glucose equivalent for the two-stage integrated process. (C) 2010 Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Laurinavichene, Tatyana V.; Tekucheva, Darya N.; Tsygankov, Anatoly A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Basic Biol Problems, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia.
[Belokopytov, Boris F.; Laurinavichius, Kestutis S.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biochem & Physiol Microorganisms, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia.
[Seibert, Michael] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Energy Sci Directorate, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Tsygankov, AA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Basic Biol Problems, Inst Skaya 2, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia.
EM ttt@issp.serpukhov.su
RI Tsygankov, Anatoly/K-6541-2013
OI Tsygankov, Anatoly/0000-0003-2376-5658
FU Russian Academy of Sciences [7]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research
[08-08-12196, 08-04-01004]; NREL, Golden, CO, USA [NFA-7-77613-01]; US
Department of Energy under NREL [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]
FX We would like to thank Dr. Maria L. Ghirardi for reading the manuscript
and for her helpful suggestions on how to improve it. This work was
supported by the Program for Basic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences
#7 (AAT); the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (08-08-12196; AAT;
08-04-01004; KSL); NREL subcontract NFA-7-77613-01 (Golden, CO, USA;
AAT); and by the US Department of Energy's Hydrogen, Fuel Cell and
Infrastructure Technologies Program under NREL's Contract
#DE-AC36-08-GO28308 (MS).
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PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0360-3199
J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG
JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 35
IS 16
BP 8536
EP 8543
DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.02.063
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels
SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels
GA 644AY
UT WOS:000281344000018
ER
PT J
AU Bronkhorst, CA
Kalidindi, SR
Zavaliangos, A
Thamburaja, P
AF Bronkhorst, Curt A.
Kalidindi, Surya R.
Zavaliangos, Antonios
Thamburaja, Prakash
TI Special issue in honor of Lallit Anand
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY
LA English
DT Biographical-Item
C1 [Bronkhorst, Curt A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Fluid Dynam & Solid Mech Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Kalidindi, Surya R.] Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Thamburaja, Prakash] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Mech Engn, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
RP Bronkhorst, CA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Fluid Dynam & Solid Mech Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM cabronk@lanl.gov; skalindin@coe.drexel.edu; azavalia@coe.drexel.edu;
mpept@nus.edu.sg
RI Bronkhorst, Curt/B-4280-2011; Kalidindi, Surya/A-1024-2007; Zavaliangos,
Antonios/B-6238-2012; Thamburaja, Prakash/G-2562-2014;
OI Bronkhorst, Curt/0000-0002-2709-1964; Kalidindi,
Surya/0000-0001-6909-7507
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PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0749-6419
J9 INT J PLASTICITY
JI Int. J. Plast.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 8
SI SI
BP 1071
EP 1072
DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2010.06.001
PG 2
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics
GA 639HZ
UT WOS:000280967200001
ER
PT J
AU Huang, EW
Barabash, RI
Clausen, B
Liu, YL
Kai, JJ
Ice, GE
Woods, KP
Liaw, PK
AF Huang, E-Wen
Barabash, Rozaliya I.
Clausen, Bjorn
Liu, Yee-Lang
Kai, Ji-Jung
Ice, Gene E.
Woods, Kyle P.
Liaw, Peter K.
TI Fatigue-induced reversible/irreversible structural-transformations in a
Ni-based superalloy
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Fatigue; In-situ neutron diffraction; Thermal characterization;
Lattice-strain asymmetry; Polycrystal deformation
ID LOW-CYCLE-FATIGUE; RESIDUAL-STRESS MEASUREMENT; RANGE INTERNAL-STRESSES;
PERSISTENT SLIP BANDS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CRACK PROPAGATION;
NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; POWDER-DIFFRACTION; TEMPERATURE EVOLUTION;
DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR
AB Cyclic loading and the subsequent fatigue-induced structural transformations have been investigated with in-situ neutron diffraction and thermal characterization for a single-phase, polycrystal nickel-based alloy. The lattice-strain evolution is compared with bulk parameters, such as the applied stress and thermal response as a function of the fatigue cycles. In-situ neutron-diffraction and temperature-evolution measurements identify the development of different stages in the fatigue-induced structural transformations, such as bulk hardening, softening, and eventual saturation. An increase in the dislocation density and the formation of planar-patterned dislocation structures are responsible for hardening during the early cycles. With further cyclic loading, the rearrangement of the dislocations results in cyclic softening. A transition is observed during the saturation cycles, which is characterized by the emergence of lattice-strain asymmetry in the loading and transverse directions. The dislocation density and dislocations-wall spacing are determined with diffraction-profile analyses and complemented by transmission-electron microscopy. The thermal behavior of the sample during deformation correlates with corresponding in-situ observation of the time-dependent dislocation structure. An anomaly during saturation cycles is believed to arise from dislocation self-organization - possibly during the formation of microcracks. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Huang, E-Wen; Barabash, Rozaliya I.; Woods, Kyle P.; Liaw, Peter K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Barabash, Rozaliya I.; Ice, Gene E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
[Clausen, Bjorn] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Liu, Yee-Lang; Kai, Ji-Jung] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Engn & Syst Sci, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
RP Barabash, RI (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM barabashr@ornl.gov
RI Huang, E-Wen/A-5717-2015; Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015;
OI Huang, E-Wen/0000-0003-4986-0661; Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X;
KAI, Ji-jung/0000-0001-7848-8753
FU National Science Foundation (NSF); International Materials Institutes
(IMI) [DMR-0231320]; International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD);
Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy
Science, U.S. Department of Energy; NSF; Department of Energy's Office
of Basic Energy Science; DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]
FX This research is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF),
International Materials Institutes (IMI) Program (DMR-0231320). EWH
gratefully acknowledges the Ludo Frevel Crystallography Scholarship from
The International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD). RIB and GEI are
sponsored by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office
of Basic Energy Science, U.S. Department of Energy. KPW is supported by
the NSF Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT)
Program. The Lujan Neutron Scattering Center at the Los Alamos Neutron
Science Center is funded by the Department of Energy's Office of Basic
Energy Science. The Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by the
Los Alamos National Security LLC under the DOE Contract of
DE-AC52-06NA25396.
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PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0749-6419
J9 INT J PLASTICITY
JI Int. J. Plast.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 8
SI SI
BP 1124
EP 1137
DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2010.01.003
PG 14
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics
GA 639HZ
UT WOS:000280967200004
ER
PT J
AU Kanjarla, AK
Van Houtte, P
Delannay, L
AF Kanjarla, Anand Krishna
Van Houtte, Paul
Delannay, Laurent
TI Assessment of plastic heterogeneity in grain interaction models using
crystal plasticity finite element method
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Crystal plasticity; Finite element analysis; Grain boundary; Triple
junction; Stress singularity
ID DEFORMATION TEXTURE PREDICTION; PLANE-STRAIN COMPRESSION; POLYCRYSTAL
PLASTICITY; NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; METALLIC MATERIALS; IF STEEL;
PART I; BOUNDARIES; ALUMINUM; SIMULATIONS
AB Micromechanical models aimed at simulating deformation textures and resulting plastic anisotropy need to incorporate local plastic strain heterogeneities arising from grain interactions for better predictions. The ALAMEL model [Van Houtte, P., Li, S., Seefeldt, M., Delannay, L 2005. Deformation texture prediction: from the Taylor model to the advanced Lamel model. Int. J. Plasticity 21, 589-624], is one of the models in which the heterogeneous nature of plastic deformation in metals is introduced by accounting for the influence of a grain boundary on the cooperative deformation of adjacent grains. This is achieved by assuming that neighbouring grains undergo heterogeneous shear rates parallel to the grain boundary. The present article focuses on understanding the plastic deformation fields near the grain boundaries and the influence of grain interaction on intra-grain deformations. Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method (CPFEM) is employed on a periodic unit cell consisting of four grains discretised into a large number of elements. A refined study of the local variation of strain rates, both along and perpendicular to the grain boundaries permits an assessment of the assumptions made in the ALAMEL model. It is shown that the ALAMEL model imbibes the nature of plastic deformation at the grain boundaries very well. However, near triple junctions, the influence of a third grain induces severe oscillations of the stress tensor, reflecting a singularity. According to CPFEM, such singularity can lead to grain subdivision by the formation of new boundaries originating at the triple junction. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kanjarla, Anand Krishna; Van Houtte, Paul] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept MTM, BE-3001 Louvain, Belgium.
[Delannay, Laurent] Catholic Univ Louvain, Dept Mech Engn Cesame MEMA, BE-1348 Louvain, Belgium.
RP Kanjarla, AK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
EM anandkrishna.kanjarla@mtm.kuleuven.be
FU Belgian Science Policy [IAP-06/24]
FX Funding from Belgian Science Policy through the Grant IAP-06/24 is
gratefully acknowledged. Laurent Delannay is mandated by National Fund
for Scientific Research (FNRS, Belgium). The authors acknowledge Steven
Van Boxel and Marc See-feldt for helpful discussions and Philip Eyckens
for his help with the simulations.
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PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0749-6419
EI 1879-2154
J9 INT J PLASTICITY
JI Int. J. Plast.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 8
SI SI
BP 1220
EP 1233
DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2009.05.005
PG 14
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics
GA 639HZ
UT WOS:000280967200008
ER
PT J
AU Luscher, DJ
McDowell, DL
Bronkhorst, CA
AF Luscher, Darby J.
McDowell, David L.
Bronkhorst, Curt A.
TI A second gradient theoretical framework for hierarchical multiscale
modeling of materials
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Multiscale; Second gradient; Dissipation; Homogenization
ID 2ND-ORDER COMPUTATIONAL HOMOGENIZATION; HETEROGENEOUS MATERIALS;
BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; ANISOTROPIC DAMAGE; FINITE STRAIN; HIGH-STRENGTH;
PLASTICITY; LOCALIZATION; ELEMENT; ELASTOPLASTICITY
AB A theoretical framework for the hierarchical multiscale modeling of inelastic response of heterogeneous materials is presented. Within this multiscale framework, the second gradient is used as a nonlocal kinematic link between the response of a material point at the coarse scale and the response of a neighborhood of material points at the fine scale. Kinematic consistency between these scales results in specific requirements for constraints on the fluctuation field. The wryness tensor serves as a second-order measure of strain. The nature of the second-order strain induces anti-symmetry in the first-order stress at the coarse scale. The multiscale internal state variable (ISV) constitutive theory is couched in the coarse scale intermediate configuration, from which an important new concept in scale transitions emerges, namely scale invariance of dissipation. Finally, a strategy for developing meaningful kinematic ISVs and the proper free energy functions and evolution kinetics is presented. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Luscher, Darby J.; McDowell, David L.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Luscher, Darby J.; Bronkhorst, Curt A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[McDowell, David L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
RP McDowell, DL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
EM david.mcdowell@me.gatech.edu
RI Bronkhorst, Curt/B-4280-2011
OI Bronkhorst, Curt/0000-0002-2709-1964
FU NSF [CMMI 0758265]
FX This work was conducted, in part, under the DOE Advanced Simulation and
Computing program. D.L. McDowell is grateful for the support of NSF CMMI
0758265 and the Carter N. Paden Jr. Distinguished Chair in Metals
Processing. The authors acknowledge insightful comments from the
reviewers that helped clarify communication in a few important areas.
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PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0749-6419
J9 INT J PLASTICITY
JI Int. J. Plast.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 8
SI SI
BP 1248
EP 1275
DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2010.05.006
PG 28
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics
GA 639HZ
UT WOS:000280967200010
ER
PT J
AU Xu, MY
Wu, WM
Wu, LY
He, ZL
Van Nostrand, JD
Deng, Y
Luo, J
Carley, J
Ginder-Vogel, M
Gentry, TJ
Gu, BH
Watson, D
Jardine, PM
Marsh, TL
Tiedje, JM
Hazen, T
Criddle, CS
Zhou, JZ
AF Xu, Meiying
Wu, Wei-Min
Wu, Liyou
He, Zhili
Van Nostrand, Joy D.
Deng, Ye
Luo, Jian
Carley, Jack
Ginder-Vogel, Matthew
Gentry, Terry J.
Gu, Baouhua
Watson, David
Jardine, Philip M.
Marsh, Terence L.
Tiedje, James M.
Hazen, Terry
Criddle, Craig S.
Zhou, Jizhong
TI Responses of microbial community functional structures to pilot-scale
uranium in situ bioremediation
SO ISME JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE bioremediation; functional genes; GeoChip; microbial community; uranium
bioreduction
ID CONTAMINATED SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; GEOCHIP-BASED ANALYSIS;
ANAEROMYXOBACTER-DEHALOGENANS; DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS;
SUBMICROMOLAR LEVELS; REDUCTION; AQUIFER; BIOREDUCTION; REOXIDATION;
MICROARRAY
AB A pilot-scale field test system with an inner loop nested within an outer loop was constructed for in situ U(VI) bioremediation at a US Department of Energy site, Oak Ridge, TN. The outer loop was used for hydrological protection of the inner loop where ethanol was injected for biostimulation of microorganisms for U(VI) reduction/immobilization. After 2 years of biostimulation with ethanol, U(VI) levels were reduced to below drinking water standard (<30 mu g l(-1)) in the inner loop monitoring wells. To elucidate the microbial community structure and functions under in situ uranium bioremediation conditions, we used a comprehensive functional gene array (GeoChip) to examine the microbial functional gene composition of the sediment samples collected from both inner and outer loop wells. Our study results showed that distinct microbial communities were established in the inner loop wells. Also, higher microbial functional gene number, diversity and abundance were observed in the inner loop wells than the outer loop wells. In addition, metal-reducing bacteria, such as Desulfovibrio, Geobacter, Anaeromyxobacter and Shewanella, and other bacteria, for example, Rhodopseudomonas and Pseudomonas, are highly abundant in the inner loop wells. Finally, the richness and abundance of microbial functional genes were highly correlated with the mean travel time of groundwater from the inner loop injection well, pH and sulfate concentration in groundwater. These results suggest that the indigenous microbial communities can be successfully stimulated for U bioremediation in the groundwater ecosystem, and their structure and performance can be manipulated or optimized by adjusting geochemical and hydrological conditions.
The ISME Journal (2010) 4, 1060-1070; doi:10.1038/ismej.2010.31; published online 18 March 2010
C1 [Xu, Meiying; Wu, Liyou; He, Zhili; Van Nostrand, Joy D.; Deng, Ye; Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Xu, Meiying; Wu, Liyou; He, Zhili; Van Nostrand, Joy D.; Deng, Ye; Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Xu, Meiying] Guangdong Inst Microbiol, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Microbial Culture Collect, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
[Wu, Wei-Min; Ginder-Vogel, Matthew; Criddle, Craig S.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Luo, Jian] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Carley, Jack; Gentry, Terry J.; Gu, Baouhua; Watson, David; Jardine, Philip M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Marsh, Terence L.; Tiedje, James M.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Hazen, Terry; Zhou, Jizhong] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA.
RP Zhou, JZ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, 101 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
EM jzhou@ou.edu
RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012; Deng, Ye/A-2571-2013; He, Zhili/C-2879-2012;
Watson, David/C-3256-2016; Van Nostrand, Joy/F-1740-2016; Hazen,
Terry/C-1076-2012;
OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956; Watson, David/0000-0002-4972-4136; Van
Nostrand, Joy/0000-0001-9548-6450; Hazen, Terry/0000-0002-2536-9993; ?,
?/0000-0002-7584-0632
FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and
Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory; US Department of Energy; Oklahoma Center for the Advancement
of Science and Technology; Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong,
China [9351007002000001]
FX We thank Tonia Mehlhorn, Sue Carroll and Kenneth Lowe for sampling and
analytical help. This work was a part of the Virtual Institute for
Microbial Stress and Survival (http://VIMSS.lbl.gov) supported by the US
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and
Environmental Research, Genomics Program: GTL through contract
DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the
US Department of Energy, the Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of
Science and Technology under Oklahoma Applied Research Support Program,
and by the Team Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong,
China (9351007002000001).
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PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1751-7362
J9 ISME J
JI ISME J.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 4
IS 8
BP 1060
EP 1070
DI 10.1038/ismej.2010.31
PG 11
WC Ecology; Microbiology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology
GA 634OM
UT WOS:000280592600010
PM 20237512
ER
PT J
AU Hardcastle, HK
Jorgensen, GJ
Bingham, CE
AF Hardcastle, Henry K.
Jorgensen, Gary J.
Bingham, Carl E.
TI Ultra-Accelerated Weathering System I: Design and Functional
Considerations
SO JCT COATINGSTECH
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Hardcastle, Henry K.] Atlas Mat Testing Technol LLC, Chicago, IL USA.
[Jorgensen, Gary J.; Bingham, Carl E.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA.
RP Hardcastle, HK (reprint author), Atlas Mat Testing Technol LLC, Chicago, IL USA.
EM KHardcastle@atlas-mts.com
FU DOE; IPP
FX The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the memory, leadership,
and technical vision of Dr. Alexey N. Alikhanov for preparing the
foundation of this program for success he is missed. The authors would
also like to gratefully acknowledge the leadership. and technical vision
of Allan Lewandowski for providing the direction of this project. The
authors would like to thank the DOE as well as organizers of the IPP
program for support of this effort.
NR 15
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PU FEDERATION SOC COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
PI BLUE BELL
PA 527 PLYMOUTH RD, STE 415, BLUE BELL, PA 19462 USA
SN 1547-0083
J9 JCT COATINGSTECH
JI JCT Coatingstech
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 7
IS 8
BP 28
EP 37
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 641ET
UT WOS:000281108300004
ER
PT J
AU Kennedy, TF
McDonald, JG
Connery, J
Purvis, G
AF Kennedy, T. F.
McDonald, J. G.
Connery, J.
Purvis, G.
TI A comparison of the occurrence of aphids and barley yellow dwarf virus
in minimum-till and conventional-till autumn-sown cereals
SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID WINTER OILSEED RAPE; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; REDUCED TILLAGE; SPRING
CEREALS; SITOBION-AVENAE; COTTON FIELDS; WHEAT; TRANSMISSION;
POPULATIONS; HOMOPTERA
AB Winter barley was sown by conventional-tillage (CT) and minimum-tillage (MT) cultivation over three seasons. Each cultivation treatment was split so that straw was incorporated into the soil during cultivation in one split, while the other did not receive straw. Aphid occurrences in autumn and incidence of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) in spring were compared. Similar investigations on winter wheat were made over a further three seasons. The method of cultivation affected the number of aphids on barley and wheat plants in autumn and on wheat heads in summer; MT had fewest aphids. Soil incorporation of straw during cultivation had a similar effect. Method of cultivation affected the incidence of BYDV disease, with MT having least infection. Straw-treated cereal plots had fewer aphids and less BY DV than no-straw plots. Aphids and virus reached damaging levels only in the first barley crop. In this season, MT barley had significantly fewer aphids (48% fewer) and significantly less BYDV (71% less) than CT. Straw-treated plots within the CT system had rather similar aphid infestation and BYDV incidence as no-straw plots. Barley grown in the MT system with straw added had significantly fewer aphids (68%) than in the case when no straw was added. Overall, aphids in autumn were significantly fewer on MT relative to CT cereals in three of the six seasons and significantly fewer on straw relative to no-straw plots in two seasons. Aphids on wheat heads in summer were significantly fewer in MT relative to CT plots in one of the three seasons. Aphids on heads were also significantly fewer on straw-treated plots within each system of cultivation in two seasons, while MT wheat with straw had significantly fewer aphids/head than those without straw in one season. BYDV was lower each season in MT barley and wheat when compared with CT crops. These differences were significant for two of the three seasons in which each crop was grown. There was a lower incidence of virus in straw-treated plots than in no-straw plots. This effect was significant for one of the three seasons in which barley and wheat were grown. Plant and tiller density did not differ significantly between MT and CT barley either with or without straw incorporation. Plant density of wheat in autumn was significantly lower for straw-treated plots relative to no-straw plots in one season. Wheat head density was lower for MT relative to CT in one season, while MT with straw had significantly fewer heads than CT plots with straw in two seasons. BYDV significantly reduced grain yield only in 2001/02 when incidence of the disease was high. Grain yield in 2001/02 was 0.95 t/ha (16%) greater for MT barley, due to less BYDV, than for CT. Straw-treated CT barley outyielded no-straw plots by 0.45 t/ha, while the comparable value for the MT system was 0.3 t/ha. The combined effect of MT plus straw had a 1.24 t/ha (21%) yield advantage over CT without straw.
It is concluded that MT cereals sown at the same time as CT crops in autumn have a lower risk of aphid infestation and BYDV infection than CT crops. The soil incorporation of straw further enhances the beneficial impact of MT in reducing aphids and virus.
C1 [Kennedy, T. F.; McDonald, J. G.; Connery, J.] TEAGASC, Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland.
[McDonald, J. G.; Purvis, G.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Dublin 4, Ireland.
RP Kennedy, TF (reprint author), TEAGASC, Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland.
EM tom.kennedy@teagasc.ie
NR 80
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 7
U2 23
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0021-8596
J9 J AGR SCI
JI J. Agric. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 148
BP 407
EP 419
DI 10.1017/S0021859610000304
PN 4
PG 13
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
SC Agriculture
GA 628MJ
UT WOS:000280124000004
ER
PT J
AU Fujimura, KE
Johnson, CC
Ownby, DR
Cox, MJ
Brodie, EL
Havstad, SL
Zoratti, EM
Woodcroft, KJ
Bobbitt, KR
Wegienka, G
Boushey, HA
Lynch, SV
AF Fujimura, Kei E.
Johnson, Christine C.
Ownby, Dennis R.
Cox, Michael J.
Brodie, Eoin L.
Havstad, Suzanne L.
Zoratti, Edward M.
Woodcroft, Kimberley J.
Bobbitt, Kevin R.
Wegienka, Ganesa
Boushey, Homer A.
Lynch, Susan V.
TI Man's best friend? The effect of pet ownership on house dust microbial
communities
SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
LA English
DT Letter
ID EXPOSURE; ALLERGY
C1 [Fujimura, Kei E.; Cox, Michael J.; Lynch, Susan V.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Gastroenterol, Colitis & Crohns Dis Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
[Boushey, Homer A.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care, San Francisco, CA USA.
[Johnson, Christine C.; Havstad, Suzanne L.; Woodcroft, Kimberley J.; Bobbitt, Kevin R.; Wegienka, Ganesa] Henry Ford Hosp, Dept Biostat & Res Epidemiol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA.
[Zoratti, Edward M.] Henry Ford Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Div Allergy & Immunol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA.
[Ownby, Dennis R.] Med Coll Georgia, Dept Pediat, Div Allergy Immunol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA.
[Brodie, Eoin L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA USA.
RP Fujimura, KE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Gastroenterol, Colitis & Crohns Dis Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
EM susan.lynch@ucsf.edu
RI Cox, Michael/A-6959-2010; Brodie, Eoin/A-7853-2008;
OI Brodie, Eoin/0000-0002-8453-8435; Johnson, Christine
Cole/0000-0002-6864-6604; Cox, Michael/0000-0002-4002-1506
FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI050681, R01 AI050681-05, R01 AI059415, R01
AI059415-05]; PHS HHS [A159415, A150681]
NR 9
TC 82
Z9 82
U1 4
U2 21
PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0091-6749
J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN
JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 126
IS 2
DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.05.042
PG 3
WC Allergy; Immunology
SC Allergy; Immunology
GA 642IL
UT WOS:000281203800038
PM 20633927
ER
PT J
AU Park, ES
Chang, HJ
Kim, DH
AF Park, E. S.
Chang, H. J.
Kim, D. H.
TI Improvement of glass-forming ability and phase separation in Cu-Ti-rich
Cu-Ti-Zr-Ni-Si bulk metallic glasses
SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 16th International Symposium on Metastable, Amorphous and Nanostructured
Materials
CY JUL 05-09, 2009
CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA
DE Metallic glass; Liquid quenching; Phase separation
ID AL-CO ALLOY; PLASTICITY; ENHANCEMENT; COMPOSITES; MICROSTRUCTURE;
BEHAVIOR; NB
AB Present study reports improvement of glass-forming ability (GFA) and phase separation in Cu-Ti-rich Cu-Ti-Zr-Ni-Si bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) by tailoring the constituent elements. The MA of metalloid element, Sn having relatively large negative enthalpy of mixing can lead to improve GFA (up to 8 mm in diameter) as well as thermal stability (up to Delta T-x = 48 K) by optimizing the substitution element. And the addition of elements having relatively large positive enthalpy of mixing (partial substitution of Zr or Ti with Y) can lead to the liquid state phase separation in Cu-Ti-Sn-Zr-Ni-Si BMG, although the addition lead to drastic deterioration of the GFA. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Park, E. S.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Res Inst Adv Mat, Seoul 151744, South Korea.
[Chang, H. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Kim, D. H.] Yonsei Univ, Dept Met Engn, Ctr Noncrystalline Mat, Seoul 120749, South Korea.
RP Park, ES (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Res Inst Adv Mat, Seoul 151744, South Korea.
EM espark@snu.ac.kr
RI Park, Eun Soo/A-4443-2008; Kim, Do Hyang/J-6575-2012; bang,
changwook/J-7922-2012; Park, Eun Soo/A-9860-2014
NR 23
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 21
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0925-8388
J9 J ALLOY COMPD
JI J. Alloy. Compd.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 504
SU 1
BP S27
EP S30
DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.04.129
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy &
Metallurgical Engineering
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 693VD
UT WOS:000285252600008
ER
PT J
AU Afonine, PV
Grosse-Kunstleve, RW
Chen, VB
Headd, JJ
Moriarty, NW
Richardson, JS
Richardson, DC
Urzhumtsev, A
Zwart, PH
Adams, PD
AF Afonine, Pavel V.
Grosse-Kunstleve, Ralf W.
Chen, Vincent B.
Headd, Jeffrey J.
Moriarty, Nigel W.
Richardson, Jane S.
Richardson, David C.
Urzhumtsev, Alexandre
Zwart, Peter H.
Adams, Paul D.
TI phenix.model_vs_data: a high-level tool for the calculation of
crystallographic model and data statistics
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID PROTEIN CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; STRUCTURE VALIDATION;
ELECTRON-DENSITY; MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; RE-REFINEMENT; NMR
SYSTEM; MAPS; SOFTWARE; PDB
AB phenix.model_vs_data is a high-level command-line tool for the computation of crystallographic model and data statistics, and the evaluation of the fit of the model to data. Analysis of all Protein Data Bank structures that have experimental data available shows that in most cases the reported statistics, in particular R factors, can be reproduced within a few percentage points. However, there are a number of outliers where the recomputed R values are significantly different from those originally reported. The reasons for these discrepancies are discussed.
C1 [Afonine, Pavel V.; Grosse-Kunstleve, Ralf W.; Moriarty, Nigel W.; Zwart, Peter H.; Adams, Paul D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Chen, Vincent B.; Headd, Jeffrey J.; Richardson, Jane S.; Richardson, David C.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
[Urzhumtsev, Alexandre] CNRS INSERM UdS, IGBMC, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France.
[Urzhumtsev, Alexandre] Univ Nancy, Dept Phys Nancy 1, Fac Sci & Technol, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France.
[Adams, Paul D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Afonine, PV (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS64R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM pafonine@lbl.gov
RI Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013
OI Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219
FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; NIH/NIGMS [1P01GM063210]
FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy under
contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098 and NIH/NIGMS grant No. 1P01GM063210.
NR 52
TC 42
Z9 42
U1 0
U2 4
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0021-8898
J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR
JI J. Appl. Crystallogr.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 43
BP 669
EP 676
DI 10.1107/S0021889810015608
PN 4
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA 619KQ
UT WOS:000279429500002
PM 20648263
ER
PT J
AU Bowden, M
Ryan, M
AF Bowden, Mark
Ryan, Martin
TI Absorption correction for cylindrical and annular specimens and their
containers or supports
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID CYLINDERS; LAB6; TEMPERATURE
AB The absorption correction for cylindrical specimens, typically capillary or annular, is affected by absorption in both the specimen and the supporting material. These corrections are calculated here using numerical integration of the lengths through the different regions of the specimen that the beam traverses. Suitable formulae have been derived and built in to a computer program for calculating the absorption correction for a range of cylindrical geometries. The influence of absorption in the support is most significant for annular specimens on a highly absorbing core, and for capillary specimens of highly absorbing compounds. The error arising from neglecting absorption in the specimen and additionally in the capillary is demonstrated in Rietveld refinements of LaB(6). Interpolation of correction factors between values calculated at discrete theta intervals, and theta offsets arising from absorption, are also discussed.
RP Bowden, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM mark.bowden@pnl.gov
FU New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology
FX The authors thank Dr Kia Wallwork from the powder diffraction beamline
at the Australian Synchrotron, Victoria, Australia, for assistance.
Funding from the New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and
Technology is also gratefully acknowledged.
NR 13
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 5
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0021-8898
J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR
JI J. Appl. Crystallogr.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 43
BP 693
EP 698
DI 10.1107/S0021889810021114
PN 4
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA 619KQ
UT WOS:000279429500005
ER
PT J
AU Agamalian, M
Carpenter, JM
Treimer, W
AF Agamalian, Michael
Carpenter, John M.
Treimer, Wolfgang
TI Remarkable precision of the 90-year-old dynamic diffraction theories of
Darwin and Ewald
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; X-RAY-SCATTERING; BONSE-HART CAMERA; CRYSTAL
OPTICS; PERFECT CRYSTALS; OPTIMIZATION; REFLECTION; INSTRUMENT; CURVES;
DESIGN
AB The reflectivity functions calculated by Bonse and Hart for a multi-bounce channel-cut single crystal, following the 90-year-old theories of Darwin and Ewald, exhibit extremely narrow nearly rectangular profiles. This feature provides ultra-high angular resolution and sensitivity for the double-crystal diffractometers now widely used for the observation of large-scale structures in condensed matter. However, the experimental results are several orders of magnitude poorer than the theoretical prediction, the 'wings problem'. The reason for this discrepancy has remained unidentified for more than 40 years, creating problems for both theory and practice. A solution to this problem for neutron diffraction in Si channel-cut crystals is presented here. The results enable nearly theoretical functions of multiple reflectivity to be obtained, demonstrate the remarkable precision of the Darwin and Ewald theories in the range of the wings, and give rise to much improved sensitivity for the next generation of Bonse-Hart double-crystal diffractometers.
C1 [Agamalian, Michael; Carpenter, John M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA.
[Carpenter, John M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Treimer, Wolfgang] Univ Appl Sci TFH, Beuth Hsch Tech Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
[Treimer, Wolfgang] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany.
RP Agamalian, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA.
EM magamalian@sns.gov
OI Agamalian, Michael/0000-0002-9112-2534
FU US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; BMBF
[03TR7TFH/05KN7KF1]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy
FX The US Department of Energy (DOE) supported the work at Argonne National
Laboratory (ANL) under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This research for
the ORNL Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User
Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of
Energy. This work was supported by the BMBF (project No.
03TR7TFH/05KN7KF1).
NR 38
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 6
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0021-8898
J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR
JI J. Appl. Crystallogr.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 43
BP 900
EP 906
DI 10.1107/S0021889810021072
PN 4
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA 619KQ
UT WOS:000279429500030
ER
PT J
AU Huang, XR
AF Huang, X. R.
TI LauePt, a graphical-user-interface program for simulating and analyzing
white-beam X-ray diffraction Laue patterns
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Software Review
ID TOPOGRAPHY; NDP5O14
AB LauePt is a robust and extremely easy-to-use Windows application for accurately simulating, indexing and analyzing white-beam X-ray diffraction Laue patterns of any crystals under arbitrary diffraction geometry. This program has a user-friendly graphic interface and can be conveniently used by nonspecialists with little X-ray diffraction or crystallography knowledge. Its wide range of applications include (1) determination of single-crystal orientation with the Laue method, (2) white-beam topography, (3) white-beam microdiffraction, (4) X-ray studies of twinning, domains and heterostructures, (5) verification or determination of crystal structures from white-beam diffraction, and (6) teaching of X-ray crystallography.
C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Huang, XR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM xiahuang@aps.anl.gov
NR 14
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 6
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0021-8898
EI 1600-5767
J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR
JI J. Appl. Crystallogr.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 43
BP 926
EP 928
DI 10.1107/S0021889810015013
PN 4
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA 619KQ
UT WOS:000279429500035
ER
PT J
AU Azarov, AY
Titov, AI
Kucheyev, SO
AF Azarov, A. Yu.
Titov, A. I.
Kucheyev, S. O.
TI Effect of pre-existing disorder on surface amorphization in GaN
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID IMPLANTED GAN
AB Single crystal GaN epilayers with pre-existing surface disordered layers are bombarded at room temperature with 40 and 100 keV P ions. Stable lattice defects are studied by Rutherford backscattering/channeling spectrometry. Results show that the rate of planar surface amorphization is independent of the concentration of pre-existing defects near the amorphous/crystalline (a/c) interface. In contrast, the formation of stable defects in the crystal bulk in the vicinity of an a/c interface is influenced by the presence of the interface. These experimental observations suggest that the a/c interface, as compared to stable bulk damage, is a more efficient sink for mobile point defects with respect to both processes of point defect recombination and trapping. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3462380]
C1 [Azarov, A. Yu.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway.
[Titov, A. I.] State Polytech Univ, Dept Phys Elect, St Petersburg 195251, Russia.
[Kucheyev, S. O.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Azarov, AY (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, POB 1048 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway.
EM a.y.azarow@smn.uio.no
RI Titov, Andrey/A-4608-2017
OI Titov, Andrey/0000-0003-4933-9534
FU RFFI [09-08-92657, 08-08-00585]; LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Norwegian
Research Council
FX The authors would like to thank P. A. Karaseov for helpful discussions.
Work in St. Petersburg was supported by RFFI (Grant Nos. 09-08-92657 and
08-08-00585). Work at LLNL was performed under the auspices of the U. S.
DOE by LLNL under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. Work in UiO was
supported from the Norwegian Research Council via FRINAT and RENERGI
programs.
NR 22
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 108
IS 3
AR 033505
DI 10.1063/1.3462380
PG 5
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 638ZQ
UT WOS:000280941000024
ER
PT J
AU Lin, WC
Wu, CB
Hsu, PJ
Yen, HY
Gai, Z
Gao, L
Shen, JA
Lin, MT
AF Lin, Wen-Chin
Wu, C. B.
Hsu, P. J.
Yen, H. Y.
Gai, Zheng
Gao, Lan
Shen, Jian
Lin, Minn-Tsong
TI Coverage dependence of magnetic domain structure and magnetic anisotropy
in supported Fe nanoparticles on Al2O3/NiAl(100)
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID THIN ALUMINA FILM; FORCE MICROSCOPY; NUCLEATION; CO; ASSEMBLIES;
DYNAMICS; GROWTH; ARRAYS
AB Studies of magnetic domain and magnetic anisotropy in collected nanoparticles are crucial for both understanding interparticle interaction and engineering in applications. In order to characterize the microscopic surface morphology and the nanoscale magnetic domain structure of Fe nanoparticles, a scanning tunneling microscope and a scanning electron microscope with polarization analysis (SEMPA) were used in our experiment. For the coverage of 9-13 monolayers (MLs) Fe deposited on Al2O3/NiAl(100), circular and well-separated nanoparticles were grown. As the coverage increased up to 23-33 ML, these Fe nanoparticles started to coalesce and form elongated islands. Therefore a transition from isotropic to anisotropic in-plane magnetism was observed. Our proposed uniaxial magnetic anisotropy models effectively explain the azimuthal angle dependent two-step hysteresis loops. Moreover, the in situ measured SEMPA images clearly show the coverage dependent evolution of magnetic domain structure. Variations in interparticle interaction and magnetic correlation length with increasing Fe coverage are also reported. c 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3457794]
C1 [Lin, Wen-Chin] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 11677, Taiwan.
[Wu, C. B.; Hsu, P. J.; Yen, H. Y.; Lin, Minn-Tsong] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
[Gai, Zheng; Gao, Lan; Shen, Jian] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase, Div Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Gai, Zheng; Gao, Lan; Shen, Jian] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Lin, Minn-Tsong] Acad Sinica, Inst Atom & Mol Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
RP Lin, WC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 11677, Taiwan.
EM wclin@ntnu.edu.tw
RI Lin, Minn-Tsong/F-7937-2012; Lin, Wen-Chin/I-3912-2012; Gai,
Zheng/B-5327-2012
OI Lin, Minn-Tsong/0000-0001-7735-4219; Gai, Zheng/0000-0002-6099-4559
FU National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC 96-2120-M-002-011, NSC
95-2112-M-002-051-MY3, NSC 96-2112-M-003-015-MY3]; Scientific User
Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of
Energy
FX This work was supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan under
Grant Nos. NSC 96-2120-M-002-011, NSC 95-2112-M-002-051-MY3, and NSC
96-2112-M-003-015-MY3. A portion of this research at Oak Ridge National
Laboratory's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences was sponsored by
the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy.
NR 40
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 108
IS 3
AR 034312
DI 10.1063/1.3457794
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 638ZQ
UT WOS:000280941000105
ER
PT J
AU Martin, I
Halasz, GB
Bulaevskii, LN
Koshelev, AE
AF Martin, I.
Halasz, Gabor B.
Bulaevskii, L. N.
Koshelev, A. E.
TI Shunt-capacitor-assisted synchronization of oscillations in intrinsic
Josephson junctions stack
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID EMISSION; ARRAYS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; RADIATION
AB We show that a shunt capacitor, by coupling each Josephson junction to all the other junctions, stabilizes synchronized oscillations in an intrinsic Josephson junction stack biased by a dc current. This synchronization mechanism is similar to the previously discussed radiative coupling between junctions, however, it is not defined by the geometry of the stack. It is particularly important in crystals with smaller numbers of junctions (where the radiation coupling is weak), and is comparable with the effect of strong super-radiation in crystals with many junctions. The shunt also helps to enter the phase-locked regime in the beginning of the oscillations, after switching on the bias current. Furthermore, it may be used to tune radiation power, which drops as the shunt capacitance increases. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3467962]
C1 [Martin, I.; Halasz, Gabor B.; Bulaevskii, L. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Koshelev, A. E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Martin, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM i-martin@lanl.gov
RI Koshelev, Alexei/K-3971-2013
OI Koshelev, Alexei/0000-0002-1167-5906
FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of
Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; LANL/LDRD;
U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science
Foundation [PHY05-51164]
FX The work of I.M. and L.N.B. was carried out under the auspices of the
National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of
Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No.
DE-AC52-06NA25396 and supported by the LANL/LDRD Program. The work of A.
K. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under the Contract No.
DE-AC02-06CH11357 (ANL). I.M. and L.N.B. were supported in part by the
National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY05-51164. G.B.H.
acknowledges Professor J. Driscoll of Trinity College, Cambridge, for
supporting this research.
NR 17
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 108
IS 3
AR 033908
DI 10.1063/1.3467962
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 638ZQ
UT WOS:000280941000069
ER
PT J
AU Yong, GJ
Kolagani, RM
Adhikari, S
Vanderlinde, W
Liang, Y
Muramatsu, K
Friedrich, S
AF Yong, G. J.
Kolagani, Rajeswari M.
Adhikari, S.
Vanderlinde, W.
Liang, Y.
Muramatsu, K.
Friedrich, S.
TI Thermal stability of SrTiO3/SiO2/Si Interfaces at Intermediate Oxygen
Pressures
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SILICON; DECOMPOSITION; SI(001); GROWTH; OXIDES; HETEROEPITAXY;
DIELECTRICS; SRTIO3
AB The thermal stability of epitaxial SrTiO3 thin films grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on Si (001) has been studied using x-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermodynamic calculations. Our studies focus on the stability of the SrTiO3/Si structures under the conditions typically employed in the pulse laser deposition (PLD) growth of complex metal oxide heteroepitaxy on Si. We observe additional Bragg peaks in thermally treated SrTiO3 buffered Si structures, corresponding to possibly TiSi2 and/or SrSiO3, reaction products which are consistent with the reaction schemes we propose. In addition, OM and SEM reveal microstructures that are not readily accounted for solely by the solid state reactions as put forth by previous workers but can be reasonably explained by our proposed reaction schemes. Using our observations and thermodynamic analysis, we argue that reactions involving the gaseous species SiO(g), the reactivity of which has not been previously considered in this system, are important. We attribute the onset of degradation of the SrTiO3 film at high temperatures, to the circular void forming reaction Si(s) + SiO2(s) -> 2SiO(g) at the interface and suggest that the reactions considered by previous workers involving all solid state reactants occurs only at the conclusion of degradation. Our results points to the need for keeping the PLD temperature as low as possible to minimize the production of reactive SiO(g) in avoiding the deleterious reactions. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3460098]
C1 [Yong, G. J.; Kolagani, Rajeswari M.; Adhikari, S.] Towson Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, Towson, MD 21252 USA.
[Vanderlinde, W.] Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Liang, Y.] Motorola LabS, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA.
[Muramatsu, K.] Hirox USA Inc, River Edge, NJ 07661 USA.
[Friedrich, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Yong, GJ (reprint author), Towson Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, Towson, MD 21252 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
[DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Jess and Mildred Fisher College of Science and
Mathematics, Towson University; Research Corporation [CC 6291]
FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of
Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No.
DE-AC52-07NA27344. We acknowledge support from the undergraduate
research grant to Sanjay Adhikari from the Jess and Mildred Fisher
College of Science and Mathematics, Towson University. Thanks are due to
Jeff Klupt for help with laboratory instrumentation. R.K. acknowledges
support from the Cottrell College Science Award from the Research
Corporation through Grant No. CC 6291.
NR 23
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 18
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 108
IS 3
AR 033502
DI 10.1063/1.3460098
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 638ZQ
UT WOS:000280941000021
ER
PT J
AU Yu, XY
Petrocchi, AJ
Craig, DK
Glantz, CS
Trott, DM
Ciolek, J
Lu, PY
Bond, JA
Tuccinardi, TE
Bouslaugh, P
AF Yu, Xiao-Ying
Petrocchi, Achille J.
Craig, Douglas K.
Glantz, Clifford S.
Trott, Donna M.
Ciolek, John
Lu, Po-Yung
Bond, Jayne-Anne
Tuccinardi, Thomas E., Jr.
Bouslaugh, Philip
TI The development and application of the chemical mixture methodology in
analysis of potential health impacts from airborne release in
emergencies
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE chemical mixture methodology, health code numbers; acute health effects,
chronic health effects, exposures, emergency
ID RESPONSE PLANNING GUIDELINES; HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES; LIMITS
AB The Chemical Mixture Methodology ((MM) is used for emergency response and safety planning by the US Department of Energy, its contractors and other private and public sector organizations. The CMM estimates potential health impacts on individuals and their ability to take protective actions as a result of exposure to airborne chemical mixtures. It is based on the concentration of each chemical in the mixture at a designated receptor location, the protective action criteria (PAC) providing chemical-specific exposure limit values and the health code numbers (HCNs) that identify the target organ groupings that may be impacted by exposure to each chemical in a mixture. The CMM has been significantly improved since its introduction more than 10 years ago. Major enhancements involve the expansion of the number of HCNs from 44 to 60 and inclusion of updated PAC values based on an improved development methodology and updates in the data used to derive the PAC values. Comparisons between the 1999 and 2009 versions of the (MM show potentially substantial changes in the assessment results for selected sets of chemical mixtures. In particular, the toxic mode hazard indices (His) and target organ His are based on more refined acute HCNs, thereby improving the quality of chemical consequence assessment, emergency planning and emergency response decision-making. Seven hypothetical chemical storage and processing scenarios are used to demonstrate how the (MM is applied in emergency planning and hazard assessment. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Yu, Xiao-Ying; Glantz, Clifford S.; Trott, Donna M.; Bouslaugh, Philip] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Petrocchi, Achille J.] Petrocchi LLC, Evergreen, CO 80439 USA.
[Craig, Douglas K.; Bond, Jayne-Anne; Tuccinardi, Thomas E., Jr.] Adv Technol & Labs Int Inc, Germantown, MD 20874 USA.
[Ciolek, John] Alpha TRAC Inc, Westminster, CO 80031 USA.
[Lu, Po-Yung] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Yu, XY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RI Yu, Xiao-Ying/L-9385-2013
OI Yu, Xiao-Ying/0000-0002-9861-3109
FU US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC05-76RL01830]
FX This work would not possible without the support and encouragement of
James Fairobent, David Freshwater, James Powers and other members of the
Department of Energy Office of Emergency Management and Policy. The
authors would also like to thank James Jamison of SAIC Inc and Jeremy
Rishel of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for their
insightful comments and suggestions Additional thanks go to our fellow
members of the expanded TEEL Advisory Group, including Vernon McDougall,
Richard Thomas and Eva Hickey The content and conclusions expressed in
this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily
reflect the views of DOE or their employers. PNNL is operated by
Battelle for the US Department of Energy (DOE) under contract
DE-AC05-76RL01830.
NR 20
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 0260-437X
J9 J APPL TOXICOL
JI J. Appl. Toxicol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 6
BP 513
EP 524
DI 10.1002/jat.1558
PG 12
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA 647KG
UT WOS:000281616800002
PM 20635331
ER
PT J
AU Byrne-Bailey, KG
Wrighton, KC
Melnyk, RA
Agbo, P
Hazen, TC
Coates, JD
AF Byrne-Bailey, Kathryne G.
Wrighton, Kelly C.
Melnyk, Ryan A.
Agbo, Peter
Hazen, Terry C.
Coates, John D.
TI Complete Genome Sequence of the Electricity-Producing "Thermincola
potens" Strain JR
SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID GEOBACTER-SULFURREDUCENS; SP-NOV.; GENES; RESPIRATION; SHEWANELLA;
REDUCTION; BACTERIUM
AB "Thermincola potens" strain JR is one of the first Gram-positive dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria (DMRB) for which there is a complete genome sequence. Consistent with the physiology of this organism, preliminary annotation revealed an abundance of multiheme c-type cytochromes that are putatively associated with the periplasm and cell surface in a Gram-positive bacterium. Here we report the complete genome sequence of strain JR.
C1 [Byrne-Bailey, Kathryne G.; Wrighton, Kelly C.; Melnyk, Ryan A.; Agbo, Peter; Coates, John D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Hazen, Terry C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Coates, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM jdcoates@berkeley.edu
RI Hazen, Terry/C-1076-2012
OI Hazen, Terry/0000-0002-2536-9993
FU Department of Energy (DOE) Laboratory Directed Research and Development
(LDRD); University of California (UC) Berkeley; UC Berkeley
FX Funding for this work was provided to J.D.C. through the Department of
Energy (DOE) Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program
and by the Sustainable Products and Solutions Program at the University
of California (UC) Berkeley. K.W. was supported by a Tien Fellowship
from UC Berkeley.
NR 13
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 15
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0021-9193
J9 J BACTERIOL
JI J. Bacteriol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 192
IS 15
BP 4078
EP 4079
DI 10.1128/JB.00044-10
PG 2
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 623XZ
UT WOS:000279782000029
PM 20525829
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, F
Xu, R
Zhao, MJ
AF Zhang, Fang
Xu, Ren
Zhao, Mu-jun
TI QSG-7701 Human Hepatocytes Form Polarized Acini in Three-Dimensional
Culture
SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE HEPATOCYTES; THREE-DIMENSIONAL CULTURE; MORPHOGENESIS; POLARITY; ACINUS;
BILE CANALICULUS
ID RAT HEPATOCYTES; IN-VITRO; CELLS; LIVER; EXPRESSION; DIFFERENTIATION;
MAINTENANCE; MATRIX; CONFIGURATION; ARCHITECTURE
AB Hepatocytes are polarized and fulfill a variety of liver-specific functions in vivo, but the polarized tissue structure and many of these functions are lost when the cells are cultured on plastic. To recapitulate the polarized structure and tissue-specific function of liver cells in culture, we established a three-dimensional (3D) culture assay with the human hepatocyte line QSG-7701. In 3D Matrigel culture, QSG-7701 cells formed polarized spheroids with a center lumen, which is reminiscent of bile canaliculi in the liver. Immunofluoresence analysis showed that F-actin bundles and radixin were mainly located at the apical membrane and that alpha 6 and beta 1 integrins were localized basally in 3D culture Lumen formation was associated with the selective apoptosis of centrally located cells and was accompanied by proliferative suppression during acmar development. Compared to QSG-7701 cells in 2D or agarose gel cultures, the cells in 3D Matrigel culture maintained a given direction of biliary excretion and acquired higher levels of cytochrome P450 and albumin expression Our study shows that the immortal human hepatocytes. QSG-7701, in 3D Matrigel culture reacquire cardinal features of glandular epithelium in vivo, providing an ex vivo model to study liver-specific function and tumorigenesis. J Cell Biochem. 110: 1175-1186, 2010 (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss. Inc
C1 [Zhang, Fang; Zhao, Mu-jun] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Inst Biochem & Cell Biol, State Key Lab Mol Biol, Shanghai 200031, Peoples R China.
[Xu, Ren] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Zhao, MJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Inst Biochem & Cell Biol, State Key Lab Mol Biol, 320 Yue Yang Rd, Shanghai 200031, Peoples R China.
FU National Key Science & Technology Special Project of China [2008ZX
10002-020, 2008ZX 10002-017]
FX Grant sponsor National Key Science & Technology Special Project of
China, Grant numbers 2008ZX 10002-020, 2008ZX 10002-017
NR 42
TC 11
Z9 13
U1 2
U2 9
PU WILEY-LISS
PI HOBOKEN
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 0730-2312
J9 J CELL BIOCHEM
JI J. Cell. Biochem.
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 110
IS 5
BP 1175
EP 1186
DI 10.1002/jcb.22632
PG 12
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
GA 632PE
UT WOS:000280435900016
PM 20564214
ER
PT J
AU Umali, AP
Anslyn, EV
Wright, AT
Blieden, CR
Smith, CK
Tian, TA
Truong, JA
Crumm, CE
Garcia, JE
Lee, S
Mosier, M
Nguyen, CP
AF Umali, Alona P.
Anslyn, Eric V.
Wright, Aaron T.
Blieden, Clifford R.
Smith, Carolyne K.
Tian, Tian
Truong, Jennifer A.
Crumm, Caitlin E.
Garcia, Jorge E.
Lee, Soal
Mosier, Meredith
Nguyen, Chester P.
TI Analysis of Citric Acid in Beverages: Use of an Indicator Displacement
Assay
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION
LA English
DT Article
ID TEACHING OLD INDICATORS; SENSING ENSEMBLE; CITRATE; WATER; HISTIDINE;
SCAFFOLD; BINDING; TRICKS; PROBE
C1 [Umali, Alona P.; Anslyn, Eric V.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Wright, Aaron T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Blieden, Clifford R.; Smith, Carolyne K.; Tian, Tian; Truong, Jennifer A.; Crumm, Caitlin E.; Garcia, Jorge E.; Lee, Soal; Mosier, Meredith; Nguyen, Chester P.] Univ Texas Dallas, Coll Nat Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
RP Anslyn, EV (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
EM anslyn@austin.utexas.edu
OI Wright, Aaron/0000-0002-3172-5253
FU National Science Foundation; College of Natural Sciences at the
University of Texas at Austin
FX The authors acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation and
the College of Natural Sciences at the University of Texas at Austin.
Participation of students of the Supramolecular Sensors Stream of the
Freshman Research Initiative, spring semesters of 2007, 2008, and 2009,
is also greatly appreciated.
NR 25
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 23
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0021-9584
J9 J CHEM EDUC
JI J. Chem. Educ.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 87
IS 8
BP 832
EP 835
DI 10.1021/ed900059n
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines
SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research
GA 625WK
UT WOS:000279927300019
ER
PT J
AU Myrick, ML
Baranowski, M
Profeta, LTM
AF Myrick, Michael L.
Baranowski, Megan
Profeta, Luisa T. M.
TI An Experiment in Physical Chemistry: Polymorphism and Phase Stability in
Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION
LA English
DT Article
ID THERMODYNAMIC RULES; MOLECULAR-CRYSTALS; PHARMACEUTICALS
C1 [Myrick, Michael L.; Baranowski, Megan] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
[Profeta, Luisa T. M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Myrick, ML (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
EM myrick@chem.sc.edu
OI Myrick, Michael/0000-0002-6905-0925
FU Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
FX The authors gratefully thank Daniel Reger for the opportunity to work on
new laboratory development in CHEM541L at University of South Carolina.
L.T.M.P. and M.B. thank the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry for
supporting their work.
NR 9
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 18
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0021-9584
J9 J CHEM EDUC
JI J. Chem. Educ.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 87
IS 8
BP 842
EP 844
DI 10.1021/ed100319s
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines
SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research
GA 625WK
UT WOS:000279927300022
ER
PT J
AU Fritz, JS
Gjerde, DT
AF Fritz, James S.
Gjerde, Douglas T.
TI Discovery and Early Development of Non-Suppressed Ion Chromatography
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 21sth International Ion Chromatography Symposium
CY SEP 21-24, 2009
CL Dublin, IRELAND
ID CATION EXCHANGE SEPARATION; LOW-CONDUCTIVITY ELUENTS; METAL-IONS;
MACRORETICULAR RESINS; ANION CHROMATOGRAPHY; NITROGEN ISOTOPES;
LABORATORY METHOD; LOW CAPACITY; LANTHANIDES
C1 [Fritz, James S.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Fritz, James S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Gjerde, Douglas T.] PhyNexus Inc, San Jose, CA 95136 USA.
RP Fritz, JS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
NR 31
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 7
PU PRESTON PUBL INC
PI NILES
PA 6600 W TOUHY AVE, NILES, IL 60714-4588 USA
SN 0021-9665
J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI
JI J. Chromatogr. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 48
IS 7
SI SI
BP 525
EP 532
PG 8
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 636JQ
UT WOS:000280729100002
PM 20819275
ER
PT J
AU Chun, JH
Poloski, AP
Hansen, EK
AF Chun, Jaehun
Poloski, Adam P.
Hansen, Erich K.
TI Stabilization and control of rheological properties of
Fe2O3/Al(OH)(3)-rich colloidal slurries under high ionic strength and pH
SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Rheological modifiers; Colloidal interactions; Colloidal slurries; Yield
stress; Nuclear waste simulant
ID POLYACRYLIC-ACID; YIELD-STRESS; SOLUTION INTERFACE; SUSPENSIONS;
ADSORPTION; ALUMINA; PARTICLE; SURFACES; OXIDES; CHARGE
AB Controlling the stability and theological properties of colloidal slurries has been an important but challenging issue for various industries such as cosmetics, ceramic processing, and nuclear waste treatment. For example, at the US Department of Energy Hanford and Savannah River sites, operation of the waste treatment facilities with increased solids loading increases waste processing rates but negatively impacts the rheological properties. We investigated various rheological modifiers on a Fe2O3/Al(OH)(3)-rich nuclear waste simulant, characterized by high ionic strength and pH, to reduce yield stress of the colloidal slurry. Rheological modifiers change particle interactions in colloidal slurries; they mainly alter the electrostatic and steric interactions, leading to a change in theological properties. Weak acid-type theological modifiers strengthen electrostatic repulsion whereas nonionic/polymer surfactant-type theological modifiers introduce a steric repulsion. Using theological analysis, it was found that citric acid and polyacrylic acid are good theological modifiers for the simulant tested, effectively reducing yield stresses by as much as 70%. Further analysis supports the idea that adding these theological modifiers increases the stability of the slurry. A likely mechanism for the observed effects of citric acid and polyacrylic acid on slurry behavior is identified as both binding cations in bulk solution and adsorption on the surface of the particles. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Chun, Jaehun; Poloski, Adam P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Hansen, Erich K.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA.
RP Chun, JH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM jaehun.chun@pnl.gov
FU US Department of Energy's Office of Technology Innovation and
Development [EM-30]
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the US
Department of Energy's Office of Technology Innovation and Development
(EM-30). The authors greatly appreciate Paul Bredt and Scot Rassat
(Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) and Prasad Bhosale and John Berg
(University of Washington) for helpful discussions. The authors also
appreciate Carolyne Burns (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) for
PZC measurement of the AZ-101 pretreated HLW simulant and Jack Zamecnik
(Savannah River National Laboratory) for the solubility calculations on
the AZ-101 pretreated HLW simulant components. Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the
US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830.
NR 34
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 12
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0021-9797
J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI
JI J. Colloid Interface Sci.
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 348
IS 1
BP 280
EP 288
DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.04.004
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 612SY
UT WOS:000278924600037
PM 20444466
ER
PT J
AU Kolesnikov, RA
Wang, WX
Hinton, FL
AF Kolesnikov, R. A.
Wang, W. X.
Hinton, F. L.
TI Unlike-particle collision operator for gyrokinetic particle simulations
SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Gyrokinetics; Magnetized plasmas; Plasma kinetic equations
ID NEOCLASSICAL TRANSPORT; PLASMAS
AB Plasmas in modern tokamak experiments contain a significant fraction of impurity ion species in addition to main deuterium background. A new unlike-particle collision operator for of particle simulation has been developed to self-consistently study the non-local effects of impurities on neoclassical transport in toroidal plasmas. A new algorithm for simulation of cross-collisions between different ion species includes test-particle and conserving field-particle operators. The field-particle operator is designed to enforce conservation of number, momentum and energy. It was shown that the new operator correctly simulates the thermal equilibration of different plasma components. It was verified that the ambipolar radial electric field reaches steady state when the total radial guiding center particle current vanishes. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kolesnikov, R. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Wang, W. X.] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Hinton, F. L.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
RP Kolesnikov, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM rkolesni@pppl.gov
FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-09CH11466]
FX This work was supported by U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-09CH11466.
NR 17
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 6
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0021-9991
J9 J COMPUT PHYS
JI J. Comput. Phys.
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 229
IS 15
BP 5564
EP 5572
DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.04.018
PG 9
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical
SC Computer Science; Physics
GA 616HH
UT WOS:000279199200007
ER
PT J
AU Gevorgyan, NE
Dashyan, NB
Paremuzyan, RG
Stepanyan, SG
AF Gevorgyan, N. E.
Dashyan, N. B.
Paremuzyan, R. G.
Stepanyan, S. G.
TI Improvement of the technique of identification of electrons and
positrons with use of electromagnetic calorimeter of the CLAS detector
SO JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PHYSICS-ARMENIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE electrons; positrons; electromagnetic calorimeter; CLAS detector
ID PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS
AB We study the dependence of the sensitivity of response of the electromagnetic calorimeter of CLAS plant on the momenta of electrons and positrons. We made calculation of this dependence and elaborated a method for its employment in identification of e(-) and e(+). We have shown that the new method of selection of e(-) and e(+) improves the quality of identification by about 10%. We used the experimental data obtained with the plant CLAS of linear accelerator at Jefferson laboratory (USA).
C1 [Gevorgyan, N. E.; Dashyan, N. B.; Paremuzyan, R. G.] Alikhanian Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan, Armenia.
[Stepanyan, S. G.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Newport News, VA USA.
RP Gevorgyan, NE (reprint author), Alikhanian Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan, Armenia.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ALLERTON PRESS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 18 WEST 27TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA
SN 1068-3372
J9 J CONTEMP PHYS-ARME+
JI J. Contemp. Phys.-Armen. Acad. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 45
IS 4
BP 165
EP 168
DI 10.3103/S1068337210040031
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 623AY
UT WOS:000279710300003
ER
PT J
AU Albuquerque, IFM
Chou, A
AF Albuquerque, Ivone F. M.
Chou, Aaron
TI A faraway quasar in the direction of the highest energy Auger event
SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE ultra high energy cosmic rays; cosmic ray theory; cosmic ray
experiments; active galactic nuclei
ID EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; COSMIC-RAYS; UPPER
LIMIT; AIR-SHOWER; SEARCH; CATALOG; OBJECTS; SPECTRUM; PHOTON
AB The highest energy cosmic ray event reported by the Auger Observatory has an energy of 148 EeV. It does not correlate with any nearby (z<0.024) object capable of originating such a high energy event. Intrigued by the fact that the highest energy event ever recorded (by the Fly's Eye collaboration) points to a faraway quasar with very high radio luminosity and large Faraday rotation measurement, we have searched for a similar source for the Auger event. We find that the Auger highest energy event points to a quasar with similar characteristics to the one correlated to the Fly's Eye event. We also find the same kind of correlation for one of the highest energy AGASA events. We conclude that so far these types of quasars are the best source candidates for both Auger and Fly's Eye highest energy events. We discuss a few exotic candidates that could reach us from gigaparsec distances.
C1 [Albuquerque, Ivone F. M.; Chou, Aaron] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
[Albuquerque, Ivone F. M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-01498 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
RP Albuquerque, IFM (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
EM ifreire@fnal.gov; achou@fnal.gov
RI Albuquerque, Ivone/H-4645-2012
OI Albuquerque, Ivone/0000-0001-7328-0136
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; Brazilian National
Counsel for Scientific Research (CNPq); National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
FX We thank the members of the Auger collaboration at Fermilab, for
valuable discussions. AC thanks Steve Adler for graciously providing a
copy of Toll's thesis from the Princeton library. IA was partially
funded by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number
DE-AC02-07CH11359 and the Brazilian National Counsel for Scientific
Research (CNPq). AC is also supported by the U. S. Department of Energy
under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. This work made use of the
NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under
contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
NR 62
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1475-7516
J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P
JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.
PD AUG
PY 2010
IS 8
AR 016
DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2010/08/016
PG 16
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA 672HZ
UT WOS:000283575000024
ER
PT J
AU Campbell, GH
LaGrange, T
Kim, JS
Reed, BW
Browning, ND
AF Campbell, Geoffrey H.
LaGrange, Thomas
Kim, Judy S.
Reed, Bryan W.
Browning, Nigel D.
TI Quantifying transient states in materials with the dynamic transmission
electron microscope
SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th Conference on Frontiers of Electron Microscopy in Materials Science
CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009
CL Sasebo, JAPAN
DE in situ microscopy; time resolved microscopy; reactive multilayers;
phase transformations; kinetics; reaction front morphology
ID RESONANCE OSCILLATIONS; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; MULTILAYER FOILS;
DOMAIN-WALLS; BLOCH LINES; TIME; FILMS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; DIFFRACTION;
RESOLUTION
AB The dynamic transmission electron microscope (DTEM) offers a means of capturing rapid evolution in a specimen through in situ microscopy experiments by allowing 15-ns electron micrograph exposure times. The rapid exposure time is enabled by creating a burst of electrons at the emitter by ultraviolet pulsed laser illumination. This burst arrives at a specified time after a second laser initiates the specimen reaction. The timing of the two Q-switched lasers is controlled by high-speed pulse generators with a timing error much less than the pulse duration. Both diffraction and imaging experiments can be performed, just as in a conventional TEM. The brightness of the emitter and the total current control the spatial and temporal resolutions. We have demonstrated 7-nm spatial resolution in single 15-ns pulsed images. These single-pulse imaging experiments have been used to study martensitic transformations, nucleation and crystallization of an amorphous metal and rapid chemical reactions. Measurements have been performed on these systems that are possible by no other experimental approaches currently available.
C1 [Campbell, Geoffrey H.; LaGrange, Thomas; Reed, Bryan W.; Browning, Nigel D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Kim, Judy S.] Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England.
[Browning, Nigel D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Browning, Nigel D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Campbell, GH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM ghcampbell@llnl.gov
RI Campbell, Geoffrey/F-7681-2010; Reed, Bryan/C-6442-2013;
OI Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X
NR 47
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 3
U2 19
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0022-0744
J9 J ELECTRON MICROSC
JI J. Electron Microsc.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 59
SU 1
BP S67
EP S74
DI 10.1093/jmicro/dfq032
PG 8
WC Microscopy
SC Microscopy
GA 636CJ
UT WOS:000280705200010
PM 20548104
ER
PT J
AU Amano, T
Muramatsu, Y
Sano, N
Denlinger, JD
Gullikson, EM
AF Amano, Taiji
Muramatsu, Yasuji
Sano, Noriaki
Denlinger, Jonathan D.
Gullikson, Eric M.
TI Adsorption structure analysis of entrapped nitrogen in carbon-nanohorns
by soft X-ray emission and absorption spectroscopy
SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure
(ICESS - 11)
CY OCT 06-10, 2009
CL Nara, JAPAN
DE Carbon nanohorn; Synchrotron radiation; Soft X-ray spectroscopy;
Electronic structure; DV-X alpha method
ID ALPHA CLUSTER CALCULATIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GRAPHITE; ARC;
SPECTRA; N-2
AB Adsorption structure of the entrapped nitrogen in carbon-nanohorns, which are synthesized by submerged arc-discharge with carbon electrodes in liquid nitrogen, has been analyzed by soft X-ray emission and absorption spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation. From spectral analysis using the discrete variational (DV)-X alpha molecular orbital method, it is elucidated that the most probable structure is the chemisorption of N(2) at the edges of hexagonal carbon layers. The adsorbed N(2) forms a pentagonal or a hexagonal ring with the edge carbon atoms in the zigzag or armchair arrangements, respectively. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Amano, Taiji; Muramatsu, Yasuji] Univ Hyogo, Grad Sch Engn, Himeji, Hyogo 6712201, Japan.
[Sano, Noriaki] Kyoto Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nishikyo Ku, Kyoto 6158510, Japan.
[Denlinger, Jonathan D.; Gullikson, Eric M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Muramatsu, Y (reprint author), Univ Hyogo, Grad Sch Engn, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 6712201, Japan.
EM murama@eng.u-hyogo.ac.jp
NR 23
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0368-2048
J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC
JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 181
IS 2-3
SI SI
BP 186
EP 188
DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2010.03.010
PG 3
WC Spectroscopy
SC Spectroscopy
GA 651MP
UT WOS:000281932100019
ER
PT J
AU Guo, JH
Kastanov, S
Soderstom, J
Glans, PA
West, M
Learmonth, T
Chiou, JW
Luo, Y
Nordgren, J
Smith, K
Pong, WF
Cheng, H
Griffiss, JM
AF Guo, J. -H.
Kastanov, S.
Soderstom, J.
Glans, P. -A.
West, M.
Learmonth, T.
Chiou, J. -W.
Luo, Y.
Nordgren, J.
Smith, K.
Pong, W. -F.
Cheng, H.
Griffiss, J. M.
TI Electronic structure study of the bases in DNA duplexes by in situ
photon-in/photon-out soft X-ray spectroscopy
SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure
(ICESS - 11)
CY OCT 06-10, 2009
CL Nara, JAPAN
DE Soft X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy; RIXS; Electronic
structure; DNA; G-C pair; A-T pair
ID EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; NUCLEOBASES; EXCITATIONS;
ABSORPTION; MOLECULES; NITROGEN; LIQUID
AB Understanding protein functionality is of fundamental importance in biochemistry. Soft X-ray transitions, where the core-level vacancies are filled by the valence-orbital electrons, give direct information about the chemical bonding. Soft X-ray absorption and emission study of poly(dG) -poly(dC) in aqueous solutions can elucidate the relation between the structure and functionality of proteins. We report the N K-edge soft X-ray absorption (XAS) and resonant soft X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) to characterize the electronic structure near the Fermi level of DNA duplexes to specify the charge migration mechanism. Since N atoms are included in only bases in DNA duplexes, the XES spectra excited from N Is to unoccupied states purely extract the electronic orbital features of the bases in DNA. The fact that N atoms in different bonding environments form well-defined structure has been determined. The experimental findings provide the evidence for the charge-hopping and/or charge-transfer effects in understanding of electric conduction in DNA duplexes when electrons pass through the pi* states of DNA bases. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Guo, J. -H.; Kastanov, S.; Soderstom, J.; Glans, P. -A.; West, M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Kastanov, S.] Royal Inst Technol, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
[Soderstom, J.; Nordgren, J.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
[Learmonth, T.; Smith, K.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
[Chiou, J. -W.; Pong, W. -F.] Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, Tamsui 250, Taiwan.
[Cheng, H.; Griffiss, J. M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, VA Med Ctr, Dept Lab Med & Vet Affairs, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
RP Guo, JH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 6-2100, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM jguo@lbl.gov
RI Soderstrom, Johan/B-1248-2011; Luo, Yi/B-1449-2009; Glans,
Per-Anders/G-8674-2016
OI Soderstrom, Johan/0000-0002-9647-0394; Luo, Yi/0000-0003-0007-0394;
NR 32
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 15
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0368-2048
EI 1873-2526
J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC
JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 181
IS 2-3
SI SI
BP 197
EP 201
DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2010.05.014
PG 5
WC Spectroscopy
SC Spectroscopy
GA 651MP
UT WOS:000281932100022
ER
PT J
AU Biruduganti, M
Gupta, S
Bihari, B
McConnell, S
Sekar, R
AF Biruduganti, Munidhar
Gupta, Sreenath
Bihari, Bipin
McConnell, Steve
Sekar, Raj
TI Air Separation Membranes: An Alternative to EGR in Large Bore Natural
Gas Engines
SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE
ASME
LA English
DT Article
AB Air separation membranes (ASMs) could potentially replace exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technology in engines due to the proven benefits in NO(x) reduction but without the drawbacks of EGR. Previous investigations of nitrogen-enriched air (NEA) combustion using nitrogen bottles showed up to 70% NO(x) reduction with modest 2% nitrogen enrichment. The investigation in this paper was performed with an ASM capable of delivering at least 3.5% NEA to a single-cylinder spark-ignited natural gas engine. Low temperature combustion is one of the pathways to meet the mandatory ultra low NO(x) emissions levels set by regulatory agencies. In this study, a comparative assessment is made between natural gas combustion in standard air and 2% NEA. Enrichment beyond this level degraded engine performance in terms of power density, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and unburned hydrocarbon emissions for a given equivalence ratio. The ignition timing was optimized to yield maximum brake torque for standard air and NEA. Subsequently, conventional spark ignition was replaced by laser ignition (LI) to extend lean ignition limit. Both ignition systems were studied under a wide operating range from psi:1.0 to the lean misfire limit. It was observed that with 2% NEA, for a similar fuel quantity, the equivalence ratio (psi) increases by 0.1 relative to standard air conditions. Analysis showed that lean burn operation along with NEA and alternative ignition source, such as LI, could pave the pathway for realizing lower NO(x) emissions with a slight penalty in BTE.
C1 [Biruduganti, Munidhar; Gupta, Sreenath; Bihari, Bipin; McConnell, Steve; Sekar, Raj] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Biruduganti, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX Argonne National Laboratory's work was supported by the U.S. Department
of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under
Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 4
PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 0742-4795
J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER
JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 132
IS 8
AR 082804
DI 10.1115/1.4000296
PG 7
WC Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA 603BF
UT WOS:000278182200017
ER
PT J
AU Alvarado, JS
Rose, C
LaFreniere, L
AF Alvarado, Jorge S.
Rose, Candace
LaFreniere, Lorraine
TI Degradation of carbon tetrachloride in the presence of zero-valent iron
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
LA English
DT Article
ID DECHLORINATION; REMEDIATION; PARTICLES; METHANES
AB Efforts to achieve the decomposition of carbon tetrachloride through anaerobic and aerobic bioremediation and chemical transformation have met with limited success because of the conditions required and the formation of hazardous intermediates. Recently, particles of zero-valent iron (ZVI) have been used with limited success for in situ remediation of carbon tetrachloride. We studied a modified microparticulate product that combines controlled-release carbon with ZVI for stimulation of in situ chemical reduction of persistent organic compounds in groundwater. With this product, a number of physical, chemical, and microbiological processes were combined to create very strongly reducing conditions that stimulate rapid, complete dechlorination of organic solvents. In principle, the organic component of ZVI microparticles is nutrient rich and hydrophilic and has high surface area capable of supporting the growth of bacteria in the groundwater environment. In our experiments, we found that as the bacteria grew, oxygen was consumed, and the redox potential decreased to values reaching -600 mV. The small modified ZVI particles provide substantial reactive surface area that, in these conditions, directly stimulates chemical dechlorination and cleanup of the contaminated area without accumulation of undesirable breakdown products. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of ZVI microparticles in reducing carbon tetrachloride under laboratory and field conditions. Changes in concentrations and in chemical and physical parameters were monitored to determine the role of the organic products in the reductive dechlorination reaction. Laboratory and field studies are presented.
C1 [Alvarado, Jorge S.; Rose, Candace; LaFreniere, Lorraine] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Alvarado, JS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
FU Commodity Credit Corporation, U.S. Department of Agriculture through
U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX Work supported by the Commodity Credit Corporation, U.S. Department of
Agriculture, under interagency agreement, through U.S. Department of
Energy Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 13
TC 7
Z9 9
U1 3
U2 17
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1464-0325
J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR
JI J. Environ. Monit.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 12
IS 8
BP 1524
EP 1530
DI 10.1039/c0em00039f
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences
SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 644KH
UT WOS:000281374400003
PM 20596593
ER
PT J
AU Kalinin, IV
Kats, EI
Koza, M
Lauter, VV
Lauter, H
Puchkov, AV
AF Kalinin, I. V.
Kats, E. I.
Koza, M.
Lauter, V. V.
Lauter, H.
Puchkov, A. V.
TI Coexistence of superfluid and solid helium in aerogel
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID EXCITATIONS; PHASE
AB The results of recent neutron scattering studies of solid helium in silica aerogel are discussed. Previously I.V. Kalinin et al., Pis'ma Zh. A parts per thousand ksp. Teor. Fiz. 87 (1), 743 (2008) [JETP Lett. 87 (1), 645 (2008)], we detected the existence of a superfluid phase in solid helium at a temperature below 0.6 K and a pressure of 51 bar, although, according to the phase diagram, helium should be in the solid state under these conditions. This work is a continuation of the above studies whose main goal was to examine the detected phenomenon and to establish basic parameters of the existence of a superfluid phase. We have determined the temperature of the superfluid transition from solid to superfluid helium, T (C) = 1.3 K, by analyzing experimental data. The superfluid phase excitation parameters (lifetime, intensity, and energy) have a temperature dependence similar to that of bulk helium. The superfluid phase coexists with the solid phase in the entire measured temperature range from T = 0.05 K to T (C) and is a nonequilibrium one and disappears at T (C).
C1 [Kalinin, I. V.; Puchkov, A. V.] Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk 249033, Russia.
[Kats, E. I.; Koza, M.; Lauter, H.] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France.
[Lauter, V. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Kalinin, IV (reprint author), Inst Phys & Power Engn, Pl Bondarenko 1, Obninsk 249033, Russia.
EM puchkov@ippe.ru
FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Government of the Kaluga Region
[09-02-97501]
FX This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and
the Government of the Kaluga Region (project no. 09-02-97501).
NR 10
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA
SN 1063-7761
J9 J EXP THEOR PHYS+
JI J. Exp. Theor. Phys.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 111
IS 2
BP 215
EP 219
DI 10.1134/S1063776110080091
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 655SJ
UT WOS:000282269500009
ER
PT J
AU Singh, S
Musculus, MPB
AF Singh, Satbir
Musculus, Mark P. B.
TI Numerical Modeling and Analysis of Entrainment in Turbulent Jets After
the End of Injection
SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
LA English
DT Article
DE acoustic waves; computational fluid dynamics; confined flow; flow
simulation; jets; Navier-Stokes equations; nozzles; stratified flow;
turbulence; wakes
ID COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINE
AB Previous velocity and scalar measurements in both single-phase jets and two-phase diesel fuel sprays indicate that after the flow at the nozzle decelerates, ambient-gas entrainment increases compared to a steady jet. Previous studies using simplified analytical models and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using a one-dimensional (1D) in-viscid, incompressible momentum equation have predicted that an "entrainment wave" propagates downstream along the jet axis during and after the deceleration, increasing entrainment by up to a factor of 3. In this study, entrainment is analyzed using the full compressible, unsteady Navier-Stokes momentum equations in axisymmetric two-dimensional (2D) CFD simulations of single-pulsed transient round gas jets. The 2D simulations confirm the existence of the entrainment wave, although the region of increased entrainment is distributed over a wider axial region of the jet than predicted by the simplified 1D model, so that the peak entrainment rate increases by only 50% rather than by a factor of 3. In the long time limit, both models show that the rate of mixing relative to the local injected fluid concentration increases significantly, approaching a factor of 3 or more increase in the wake of the entrainment wave (relative to a steady jet). Analysis of the terms in the momentum equation shows that the entrainment wave in the full 2D CFD predictions occurs in two phases. The entrainment first increases slightly due to a radial pressure gradient induced by a relatively fast acoustic wave, which the simple 1D model does not account for. The acoustic wave is followed by a slower momentum wave of decreased axial velocity initiated at the nozzle, which is convected downstream at the local flow velocities. The largest increase in entrainment accompanies the momentum wave, which is captured by the 1D momentum-equation model. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4002184]
C1 [Singh, Satbir] Gen Motors Global Res & Dev, Warren, MI 48090 USA.
[Musculus, Mark P. B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Singh, S (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
EM satbirs@andrew.cmu.edu
RI Ghorbani, Asghar/E-2589-2011
FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security
Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX The 2D CFD simulations were performed at General Motors Global Research
and Development while the 1D simulations were performed at the
Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore,
CA. The U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies
supported the 1D simulations. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory
operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company for the United
States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration
under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. During this work, the authors
enjoyed general discussions of transient turbulent jets with Dr.
Ramachandra Diwakar of General Motors Global Research and Development,
Dr. Paul Miles of Sandia National Laboratories, and Dr. Rolf Reitz and
Dr. Christopher Rutland of the University of Wisconsin, Madison.
NR 36
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 11
PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 0098-2202
J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME
JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 132
IS 8
AR 081203
DI 10.1115/1.4002184
PG 10
WC Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA 643OT
UT WOS:000281307400005
ER
PT J
AU Tsai, A
Banta, L
Tucker, D
Gemmen, R
AF Tsai, Alex
Banta, Larry
Tucker, David
Gemmen, Randall
TI Multivariable Robust Control of a Simulated Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Gas Turbine Plant
SO JOURNAL OF FUEL CELL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE fuel cell power plants; gas turbine power stations; hybrid power
systems; multivariable control systems; power station control; robust
control; solid oxide fuel cells; transfer functions
AB This paper presents a systematic approach to the multivariable robust control of a hybrid fuel cell gas turbine plant. The hybrid configuration under investigation comprises a physical simulation of a 300 kW fuel cell coupled to a 120 kW auxiliary power unit single spool gas turbine. The facility provides for the testing and simulation of different fuel cell models that in turn help identify the key issues encountered in the transient operation of such systems. An empirical model of the facility consisting of a simulated fuel cell cathode volume and balance of plant components is derived via frequency response data. Through the modulation of various airflow bypass valves within the hybrid configuration, Bode plots are used to derive key input/output interactions in transfer function format. A multivariate system is then built from individual transfer functions, creating a matrix that serves as the nominal plant in an H-infinity robust control algorithm. The controller's main objective is to track and maintain hybrid operational constraints in the fuel cell's cathode airflow and the turbo machinery states of temperature and speed under transient disturbances. This algorithm is then tested on a SIMULINK/MATLAB platform for various perturbations of load and fuel cell heat effluence.
C1 [Tsai, Alex; Banta, Larry; Tucker, David; Gemmen, Randall] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA.
[Tsai, Alex; Banta, Larry] W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
RP Tsai, A (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd,POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA.
NR 15
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 6
PU ASME
PI NEW YORK
PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 1550-624X
EI 1551-6989
J9 J FUEL CELL SCI TECH
JI J. Fuel Cell Sci. Technol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 7
IS 4
AR 041008
DI 10.1115/1.4000628
PG 9
GA 581WA
UT WOS:000276554800008
ER
PT J
AU Georgiyevskiy, AV
Solodovchenko, SI
Voitsenya, VS
AF Georgiyevskiy, A. V.
Solodovchenko, S. I.
Voitsenya, V. S.
TI Contributions of the "Saturn" to Modern Stellarator-Torsatron Research
SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY
LA English
DT Review
DE Stellarator; Torsatron; Plasma confinement; Drift waves; Divertor plasma
flows
ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; TOROIDAL FIELD; PLASMA-FLOW; HELIOTRON-E; DIVERTOR;
DEVICE; ECH
AB It has been 40 years since the startup and first plasma from the Saturn stellarator-torsatron. The l = 3 stellarator-torsatron "Saturn" was the first of a series of torsatron-like devices built in Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology (KIPT) in the 1970s: later appeared "Vint-20", "U-3", "U-3M". The Saturn device was used for comparative investigations on the same device two magnetic configurations in stellarator and torsatron regimes and for experimental examination of their effects on plasma confinement. The thorough measurements of magnetic structure in both regimes demonstrated their high equivalence. Investigations of torsatron without toroidal coils supported the principal possibility to have a spatial divertor configuration, which was later realized in U-3, the first torsatron with a divertor. The results on Saturn, obtained for the first time with a pure torsatron configuration, have opened the prospect for torsatrons to be an alternative to tokamaks in the development of a fusion reactor. After various magnetic configurations were studied, the Saturn device was used for providing investigations of confinement of injected hydrogen plasma and of ECR plasma in different gases. In this paper we summarize the main Saturn results and try to find the bridge between them and the present experiments on existing stellarator-type fusion devices with an aim to see what particular Saturn results were supported by those obtained later.
C1 [Solodovchenko, S. I.; Voitsenya, V. S.] NSC KIPT, Inst Plasma Phys, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine.
[Georgiyevskiy, A. V.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
RP Voitsenya, VS (reprint author), NSC KIPT, Inst Plasma Phys, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine.
EM voitseny@ipp.kharkov.ua
NR 45
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0164-0313
J9 J FUSION ENERG
JI J. Fusion Energy
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 29
IS 4
BP 399
EP 406
DI 10.1007/s10894-010-9284-0
PG 8
WC Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 622VA
UT WOS:000279692700017
ER
PT J
AU Neumann, G
Green, MA
Macken, CA
AF Neumann, Gabriele
Green, Margaret A.
Macken, Catherine A.
TI Evolution of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza viruses and the
emergence of dominant variants
SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID A-VIRUS; HONG-KONG; SOUTHERN CHINA; MIGRATORY WATERFOWL;
MOLECULAR-BASIS; HIGH VIRULENCE; COMPLEX GENES; REPLICATION; ASIA; PB2
AB Highly pathogenic avian H5N1 viruses have circulated in South-east Asia for more than a decade and have now spread to more than 60 countries. The evolution of these viruses is characterized by frequent reassortment of the so-called 'internal' genes, creating novel genotypes. Additionally, over time, the surface glycoprotein, haemagglutinin (HA), which is the primary target of the adaptive immune response, has evolved by point mutation into 20 genetically and potentially antigenically distinct clades. To investigate the evolution of avian H5N1 influenza viruses, we undertook a high-resolution analysis of the reassortment of internal genes and evolution of HA of 651 avian H5N1 viruses from 2000 to 2008. Our analysis suggested: (i) all current H5N1 genotypes were derived from a single, clearly defined sequence of initial reassortment events; (ii) reassortment of just three of the internal genes had the most importance in avian H5N1 virus evolution; (iii) HA and the constellation of internal genes may be jointly important in the emergence of dominant variants. Further, our analysis led to the identification of evolutionarily significant molecular changes in the internal genes that may be significant for the emergence of these dominant variants.
C1 [Green, Margaret A.; Macken, Catherine A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Neumann, Gabriele] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Influenza Res Inst, Madison, WI 53717 USA.
RP Macken, CA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM cmacken@lanl.gov
FU US Department of Energy
FX C. A. M. and M. A. G. gratefully acknowledge the support of the US
Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD Program for this work.
NR 55
TC 18
Z9 22
U1 2
U2 7
PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
PI READING
PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG,
BERKS, ENGLAND
SN 0022-1317
J9 J GEN VIROL
JI J. Gen. Virol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 91
BP 1984
EP 1995
DI 10.1099/vir.0.020750-0
PN 8
PG 12
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology
GA 638WK
UT WOS:000280928500011
PM 20392897
ER
PT J
AU Erwin, PC
Fitzhugh, EC
Brown, KC
Looney, S
Forde, T
AF Erwin, Paul Campbell
Fitzhugh, Eugene C.
Brown, Kathleen C.
Looney, Shannon
Forde, Timothy
TI Health Disparities in Rural Areas: The Interaction of Race,
Socioeconomic Status, and Geography
SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED
LA English
DT Article
DE Health disparities; health inequities; standardized mortality ratio;
determinants; Tennessee
ID UNITED-STATES; RACIAL DISPARITIES; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; EXCESS MORTALITY;
CARE; SEGREGATION; RACE/ETHNICITY; DIMENSIONS; DISEASE; ADULTS
AB The purpose of this study was to explore factors that may help explain the mortality differences between African Americans and Whites. This study was a retrospective analysis of data from Tennessee's 95 counties. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for African Americans were determined based on White, all-cause, age-specific mortality rates, and served as the dependent variable. Potential explanatory variables included measures of demography, socioeconomic status, and social environment. Bivariate and multivariate analyses showed a significant association between SMR and population density (t=2.18, p=.037) among 36 counties, with more than 20 African American deaths per year, and between SMR and the proportion of the population that is African American (t=2.23, p=.033) in an analysis that included all 95 counties. Mortality differences based on demographic characteristics, rather than on the usual social determinants of health, raise further questions about the root causes of health inequities.
C1 [Erwin, Paul Campbell] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Publ Hlth, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Fitzhugh, Eugene C.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Phys Activ & Hlth, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Fitzhugh, Eugene C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Exercise Sport & Leisure Studies, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Brown, Kathleen C.] Knox Cty Hlth Dept, Knoxville, TN USA.
[Looney, Shannon] Univ Tennessee, Dept Nutr, Grad Program, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Forde, Timothy] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Sci Educ Programs, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RP Erwin, PC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Publ Hlth, 302 Bailey Educ Complex, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM perwin@utk.edu
NR 33
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 7
PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS
PI BALTIMORE
PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD
21218-4363 USA
SN 1049-2089
J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U
JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 21
IS 3
BP 931
EP 945
PG 15
WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health
GA 632PJ
UT WOS:000280436400015
PM 20693736
ER
PT J
AU Hopkins, PE
Serrano, JR
Phinney, LMAF
Kearney, SP
Grasser, TW
Harris, CT
AF Hopkins, Patrick E.
Serrano, Justin R.
Phinney, Leslie M.
Kearney, Sean P.
Grasser, Thomas W.
Harris, C. Thomas
TI Criteria for Cross-Plane Dominated Thermal Transport in Multilayer Thin
Film Systems During Modulated Laser Heating
SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
LA English
DT Article
DE pump-probe thermoreflectance; thin film thermal conductivity; thermal
boundary conductance; radial heating; cross-plane transport
ID TRANSIENT THERMOREFLECTANCE; SUPERLATTICES; CONDUCTIVITY; CONDUCTANCE;
FLOW
AB Pump-probe transient thermoreflectance (TTR) techniques are powerful tools for measuring the thermophysical properties of thin films, such as thermal conductivity, Lambda, or thermal boundary conductance, G. This paper examines the assumption of one-dimensional heating on, Lambda and G, determination in nanostructures using a pump-probe transient thermoreflectance technique. The traditionally used one-dimensional and axially symmetric cylindrical conduction models for thermal transport are reviewed. To test the assumptions of the thermal models, experimental data from Al films on bulk substrates (Si and glass) are taken with the TTR technique. This analysis is extended to thin film multilayer structures. The results show that at 11 MHz modulation frequency, thermal transport is indeed one dimensional. Error among the various models arises due to pulse accumulation and not accounting for residual heating. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4000993]
C1 [Hopkins, Patrick E.; Serrano, Justin R.; Phinney, Leslie M.; Kearney, Sean P.; Grasser, Thomas W.; Harris, C. Thomas] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
[Harris, C. Thomas] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Hopkins, PE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM pehopki@sandia.gov
FU LDRD program office through the Sandia National Laboratories Harry S.
Truman Fellowship; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security
Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX P.E.H. is greatly appreciative for funding from the LDRD program office
through the Sandia National Laboratories Harry S. Truman Fellowship.
This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated
Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences user facility; the authors would like to thank John Sullivan
for assistance regarding work at the Center for Integrated
Nanotechnologies. C. T. H. would also like to thank Gang Chen at M. I.
T. for collaborative advising. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory
operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Co., for the U.S.
Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under
Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 32
TC 79
Z9 79
U1 2
U2 25
PU ASME
PI NEW YORK
PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 0022-1481
EI 1528-8943
J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME
JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 132
IS 8
AR 081302
DI 10.1115/1.4000993
PG 10
WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Engineering
GA 610PU
UT WOS:000278746900007
ER
PT J
AU Shin, DH
Lee, SH
Retterer, S
Choi, CK
AF Shin, Dong Hwan
Lee, Seong Hyuk
Retterer, Scott
Choi, Chang Kyoung
TI Evaporation Characteristics of Sessile Droplets on Nano-Patterned
Hydrophobic Surfaces
SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
LA English
DT News Item
DE contact angle; drops; evaporation; flow visualisation; hydrophobicity;
two-phase flow; water; wetting
C1 [Choi, Chang Kyoung] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
[Shin, Dong Hwan; Lee, Seong Hyuk] Chung Ang Univ, Seoul 156756, South Korea.
[Retterer, Scott] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RP Choi, CK (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
RI Retterer, Scott/A-5256-2011
OI Retterer, Scott/0000-0001-8534-1979
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 7
PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 0022-1481
J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME
JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 132
IS 8
AR 080905
DI 10.1115/1.4001753
PG 1
WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Engineering
GA 610PU
UT WOS:000278746900005
ER
PT J
AU Aoki, S
Ishikawa, KI
Ishizuka, N
Izubuchi, T
Kanaya, K
Kuramashi, Y
Murano, K
Namekawa, Y
Okawa, M
Taniguchi, Y
Ukawa, A
Ukita, N
Yoshie, T
AF Aoki, S.
Ishikawa, K. -I.
Ishizuka, N.
Izubuchi, T.
Kanaya, K.
Kuramashi, Y.
Murano, K.
Namekawa, Y.
Okawa, M.
Taniguchi, Y.
Ukawa, A.
Ukita, N.
Yoshie, T.
TI Non-perturbative renormalization of quark mass in N-f=2+1 QCD with the
Schrodinger functional scheme
SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Lattice Gauge Field Theories; Renormalization Regularization and
Renormalons; Renormalization Group
ID LATTICE QCD; COMPUTATION; IMPROVEMENT
AB We present an evaluation of the quark mass renormalization factor for N-f = 2 + 1 QCD. The Schrodinger functional scheme is employed as the intermediate scheme to carry out non-perturbative running from the low energy region, where renormalization of bare mass is performed on the lattice, to deep in the high energy perturbative region, where the conversion to the renormalization group invariant mass or the (MS) over bar scheme is safely carried out. For numerical simulations we adopted the Iwasaki gauge action and non-perturbatively improved Wilson fermion action with the clover term. Seven renormalization scales are used to cover from low to high energy regions and three lattice spacings to take the continuum limit at each scale. The regularization independent step scaling function of the quark mass for the N-f = 2 + 1 QCD is obtained in the continuum limit. Renormalization factors for the pseudo scalar density and the axial vector current are also evaluated for the same action and the bare couplings as two recent large scale Nf = 2 + 1 simulations; previous work of the CP-PACS/JLQCD collaboration, which covered the up-down quark mass range heavier than m(pi) similar to 500MeV and that of PACS-CS collaboration for much lighter quark masses down to m(pi) = 155MeV. The quark mass renormalization factor is used to renormalize bare PCAC masses in these simulations.
C1 [Aoki, S.; Ishizuka, N.; Kanaya, K.; Kuramashi, Y.; Murano, K.; Taniguchi, Y.; Yoshie, T.] Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan.
[Aoki, S.; Ishizuka, N.; Kuramashi, Y.; Namekawa, Y.; Taniguchi, Y.; Ukawa, A.; Ukita, N.; Yoshie, T.] Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan.
[Ishikawa, K. -I.; Okawa, M.] Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan.
[Izubuchi, T.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Aoki, S (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan.
EM saoki@het.ph.tsukuba.ac.jp; ishikawa@theo.phys.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp;
ishizuka@ccs.tsukuba.ac.jp; izubuchi@quark.phy.bnl.gov;
kanaya@ccs.tsukuba.ac.jp; kuramasi@het.ph.tsukuba.ac.jp;
murano@het.ph.tsukuba.ac.jp; namekawa@het.ph.tsukuba.ac.jp;
okawa@sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp; tanigchi@het.ph.tsukuba.ac.jp;
ukawa.akira.gf@un.tsukuba.ac.jp; ukita@ccs.tsukuba.ac.jp;
yoshie@ccs.tsukuba.ac.jp
RI Ukawa, Akira/A-6549-2011; Kuramashi, Yoshinobu /C-8637-2016
FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology-Japan
[18104005, 20105001, 20105002, 20105003, 20105005, 20340047, 20540248,
21340049, 22105501, 22244018, 22740138]
FX This work is supported in part by Grants-in-Aid of the Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology-Japan (Nos. 18104005,
20105001, 20105002, 20105003, 20105005, 20340047, 20540248, 21340049,
22105501, 22244018, 22740138). Part of the calculations were performed
by using the RIKEN Integrated Cluster of Clusters facilities.
NR 22
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1029-8479
J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS
JI J. High Energy Phys.
PD AUG
PY 2010
IS 8
AR 101
DI 10.1007/JHEP08(2010)101
PG 27
WC Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA 656VA
UT WOS:000282367800032
ER
PT J
AU Catterall, S
Galvez, R
Unsal, M
AF Catterall, Simon
Galvez, Richard
Uensal, Mithat
TI Realization of center symmetry in two adjoint flavor large-N Yang-Mills
SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Lattice Gauge Field Theories; 1/N Expansion
ID EGUCHI-KAWAI MODEL; GAUGE-THEORY
AB We report on the results of numerical simulations of SU(N) lattice Yang Mills with two flavors of (light) Wilson fermion in the adjoint representation. We analytically and numerically address the question of center symmetry realization on lattices with sites in each direction in the large-N limit. We show, by a weak coupling calculation that, for massless fermions, center symmetry realization is independent of Gamma, and is unbroken. Then, we extend our result by conducting simulations at non zero mass and finite gauge coupling. Our results indicate that center symmetry is intact for a range of fermion mass in the vicinity of the critical line on lattices of volume 2(4). This observation makes it possible to compute infinite volume physical observables using small volume simulations in the limit N ->infinity, with possible applications to the determination of the conformal window in gauge theories with adjoint fermions.
C1 [Catterall, Simon; Galvez, Richard] Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.
[Uensal, Mithat] Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Uensal, Mithat] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Catterall, S (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.
EM smc@phy.syr.edu; ragalvez@syr.edu; unsal@slac.stanford.edu
OI Catterall, Simon/0000-0003-2735-2682
FU DOE [DE-FG02-85ER40237]; Syracuse University; U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-76SF00515]
FX S.M.C. is supported in part by DOE grant DE-FG02-85ER40237. The
simulations were carried out using USQCD resources at Fermilab. R. G.
would like to thank Ari Hietanen for useful discussions and Syracuse
University for the award of a STEM graduate fellowship. M.U's work is
supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Grant DE-AC02-76SF00515.
NR 40
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1029-8479
J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS
JI J. High Energy Phys.
PD AUG
PY 2010
IS 8
AR 010
DI 10.1007/JHEP08(2010)010
PG 13
WC Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA 656VF
UT WOS:000282368500056
ER
PT J
AU Kumar, K
Shepherd, W
Tait, TMP
Vega-Morales, R
AF Kumar, Kunal
Shepherd, William
Tait, Tim M. P.
Vega-Morales, Roberto
TI Beautiful mirrors at the LHC
SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Beyond Standard Model; Quark Masses and SM Parameters; Hadronic
Colliders
ID CHANGING NEUTRAL CURRENTS; MINIMAL FLAVOR VIOLATION; VECTOR QUARK-MODEL;
STANDARD MODEL; CP ASYMMETRIES; B0 DECAYS; CONSTRAINTS; UNITARITY;
SINGLET; PHYSICS
AB We explore the "Beautiful Mirrors" model, which aims to explain the measured value of Ab FB, discrepant at the 2.9 sigma level. This scenario introduces vector-like quarks which mix with the bottom, subtly affecting its coupling to the Z. The spectrum of the new particles consists of two bottom-like quarks and a charge -4/3 quark, all of which have electroweak interactions with the third generation. We explore the phenomenology and discovery reach for these new particles at the LHC, exploring single mirror quark production modes whose rates are proportional to the same mixing parameters which resolve the A(FB)(b) anomaly. We find that for mirror quark masses less than or similar to 500 GeV, a 14 TeV LHC with 300 fb(-1) is required to reasonably establish the scenario and extract the relevant mixing parameters.
C1 [Kumar, Kunal; Tait, Tim M. P.; Vega-Morales, Roberto] Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Kumar, Kunal; Shepherd, William; Tait, Tim M. P.; Vega-Morales, Roberto] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
[Shepherd, William; Tait, Tim M. P.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
RP Kumar, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM kkumar@u.northwestern.edu; shepherd.william@uci.edu; ttait@uci.edu;
robertovegamorales2010@u.northwestern.edu
OI Shepherd, William/0000-0002-3506-8895
FU Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX The authors are grateful for conversations with Carlos E. M. Wagner. T
Tait appreciates the SLAC theory group for their extraordinary
generosity during his many visits. KK and R V-M would like to thank Gabe
Shaughnessy, Jamie Gainer, and Patrick Fox for helpful discussions.
Research at Argonne National Laboratory is supported in part by the
Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 73
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1029-8479
J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS
JI J. High Energy Phys.
PD AUG
PY 2010
IS 8
AR 052
DI 10.1007/JHEP08(2010)052
PG 18
WC Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA 656VF
UT WOS:000282368500013
ER
PT J
AU Unsal, M
Yaffe, LG
AF Uensal, Mithat
Yaffe, Laurence G.
TI Large-N volume independence in conformal and confining gauge theories
SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Lattice QCD; Nonperturbative Effects; 1/N Expansion
ID EGUCHI-KAWAI MODEL; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; QCD;
HYPERCOLOR; MONOPOLES; PHASES; SCALE
AB Consequences of large N volume independence are examined in conformal and confining gauge theories. In the large N limit, gauge theories compactified on Rd-k x (S-1)(k) are independent of the S-1 radii, provided the theory has unbroken center symmetry. In particular, this implies that a large N gauge theory which, on R-d, flows to an IR fixed point, retains the infinite correlation length and other scale invariant properties of the decompactified theory even when compactified on Rd-k x (S-1)(k). In other words, finite volume effects are 1/N suppressed. In lattice formulations of vector-like theories, this implies that numerical studies to determine the boundary between confined and conformal phases may be performed on one-site lattice models. In N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, the center symmetry realization is a matter of choice: the theory on R4-k x (S-1)(k) has a moduli space which contains points with all possible realizations of center symmetry. Large N QCD with massive adjoint fermions and one or two compactified dimensions has a rich phase structure with an in finite number of phase transitions coalescing in the zero radius limit.
C1 [Uensal, Mithat] Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Unsal, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM unsal@slac.stanford.edu; yaffe@phys.washington.edu
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515, DE-FG02-96ER40956]
FX We are indebted to Erich Poppitz and Prem Kumar for valuable
discussions. M.U's work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy
Grant DE-AC02-76SF00515. L.G.Y's work is supported, in part, by the U.S.
Department of Energy Grant DE-FG02-96ER40956.
NR 59
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1029-8479
J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS
JI J. High Energy Phys.
PD AUG
PY 2010
IS 8
AR 030
DI 10.1007/JHEP08(2010)030
PG 26
WC Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA 656VF
UT WOS:000282368500036
ER
PT J
AU Babentsov, V
Boiko, V
Schepelskii, GA
James, RB
Franc, J
Prochazka, J
Hlidek, P
AF Babentsov, V.
Boiko, V.
Schepelskii, G. A.
James, R. B.
Franc, J.
Prochazka, J.
Hlidek, P.
TI Photoluminescence and electric spectroscopy of dislocation-induced
electronic levels in semi-insulated CdTe and CdZnTe
SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE CdTe; Photoluminescence; Photoconductivity; Deep levels
ID CADMIUM ZINC TELLURIDE; DEEP LEVELS; TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY;
SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DEFORMED CDTE; P-CDTE; DEFECTS; CD0.96ZN0.04TE;
RADIATION; DEFORMATION
AB We studied deformation-induced defects in semi-insulating CdTe and CdZnTe by infrared photoluminescence (PL), contact less photoconductivity and resistivity. Plastic deformation increased the concentrations of grown-in defects, namely, those of an important midgap level E(C) - 0.74 eV in CdTe and Cd(1-x)Zn(x)Te (x < 0.1), the materials of choice in today's X-ray and gamma ray detector technology. We confirmed the direct correlation between Y-emission and the dislocation density in both compounds. The Y-band intensified near an indenter deformation or near a scribing line, but was barely visible in low-dislocation areas (etch pit density <2 x 10(5) cm(-2)). Our results correlate with recent findings that dislocation-induced defects and their clusters degrade charge collection in radiation detectors. Photoluminescence of midgap levels can serve as a tool to identify areas of degraded performance in semi insulated CdTe and CdZnTe crystals for radiation detectors. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Franc, J.; Prochazka, J.; Hlidek, P.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Phys, CZ-12116 Prague, Czech Republic.
[Babentsov, V.; Boiko, V.; Schepelskii, G. A.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Semicond Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine.
[James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nonproliferat & Natl Secur Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Franc, J (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Phys, Ke Karlovu 5, CZ-12116 Prague, Czech Republic.
EM franc@karlov.mff.cuni.cz
RI Franc, Jan/C-3802-2017
OI Franc, Jan/0000-0002-9493-3973
FU Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic [MSM 0021620834]; Alexander
von Humboldt foundation; US Department of Energy, Office of
Nonproliferation Research and Engineering [NA-22]
FX This work is a part of the research plan MSM 0021620834, which is
financed by the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic. It was also
supported by Alexander von Humboldt foundation. One author (R.B. James)
wishes to gratefully acknowledge support from the US Department of
Energy, Office of Nonproliferation Research and Engineering, NA-22.
NR 23
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 2
U2 19
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-2313
J9 J LUMIN
JI J. Lumines.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 130
IS 8
BP 1425
EP 1430
DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2010.03.006
PG 6
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 615ML
UT WOS:000279139300018
ER
PT J
AU Paulsen, J
Bajaj, VS
Pines, A
AF Paulsen, Jeffrey
Bajaj, Vikram S.
Pines, Alexander
TI Compressed sensing of remotely detected MRI velocimetry in microfluidics
SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Microfluidics; Remote detection; Velocimetry; Flow imaging
ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ANALYTICAL SYSTEMS; MAXIMUM-ENTROPY;
DETECTION NMR; FLOW; RECONSTRUCTION; DEVICES; ROBUST; VALVES; FLUIDS
AB NMR and MRI can yield detailed chemical and dynamic information about flow at microscopic resolutions, but suffer from low signal to noise relative to alternative techniques for flow measurements. In porous media and microfluidic devices, this sensitivity problem is further exacerbated by magnetic susceptibility broadening and low coil filling factor. Fortunately, remote detection can mitigate these issues by physically separating signal detection from the other steps of the experiment. The technique requires, however, that any measured interactions be encoded in indirectly sampled dimensions, leading to experiments of high dimensionality and correspondingly long acquisition times. We have applied compressed sensing, a reconstruction technique used in MRI, to dramatically reduce these experiment times by 8-64x through partial sampling (sub-sampling) of k-space, allowing for the collection of images with significantly higher resolutions in reasonable amounts of time. Here, we demonstrate this reconstruction technique to remotely detected flow measurements in a serpentine mixing chip and in a microfluidic channel harboring a constriction. We find that compressed sensing allows for significantly higher resolution images to be collected in a practical amount of time, thus significantly enhancing the applicability of remote detection to flow imaging. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Bajaj, Vikram S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Bajaj, VS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM vikbajaj@gmail.com
OI Paulsen, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1031-4858
FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and Materials
Sciences Divisions of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF0098];
Schlumberger-Doll Research; Agilent Foundation
FX The authors acknowledge Professor David Wemmer for his careful reading
of the manuscript. This work was supported by the Director, Office of
Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and Materials Sciences
Divisions of the US Department of Energy under contract
DE-AC03-76SF0098. We thank Schlumberger-Doll Research and the Agilent
Foundation for their unrestricted funds in support of this research.
NR 42
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 3
U2 17
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 1090-7807
J9 J MAGN RESON
JI J. Magn. Reson.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 205
IS 2
BP 196
EP 201
DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2010.04.016
PG 6
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical;
Spectroscopy
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy
GA 627SZ
UT WOS:000280064500002
PM 20638994
ER
PT J
AU Meldrum, T
Schroder, L
Denger, P
Wemmer, DE
Pines, A
AF Meldrum, Tyler
Schroeder, Leif
Denger, Philipp
Wemmer, David E.
Pines, Alexander
TI Xenon-based molecular sensors in lipid suspensions
SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Biosensors; Cryptophane; Host-guest systems; Lipid vesicles; Xenon
ID HYPERPOLARIZED XENON; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; SPIN-EXCHANGE; CRYPTOPHANE;
BIOSENSOR; XE-129; POLARIZATION; DELIVERY; EMULSION; BINDING
AB There have been many proposals to use xenon-based molecular sensors in biological settings. Fundamental to understanding the properties of these sensors in vivo is characterizing their behavior in lipid environments. We report the investigation of xenon-based molecular sensors in suspensions of lipid vesicles with a size comparable to cells. We detail spectroscopic properties of sensors associated with lipid vesicles as well as those in equilibrium in the surrounding solution. We characterize the dependence of the spectral parameters on temperature, relevant for studies at physiological temperatures. We also demonstrate the ability to perform selective saturation transfer (Hyper-CEST) between sensor, both lipid bound and unbound, and the bulk solution. Lastly, we demonstrate the applicability of saturation transfer in the heterogeneous medium as an imaging modality. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Meldrum, Tyler; Schroeder, Leif; Pines, Alexander] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Wemmer, David E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Meldrum, Tyler; Schroeder, Leif; Wemmer, David E.; Pines, Alexander] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Denger, Philipp] Deutsch Krebsforschungszentrum, Abtlg Med Phys Radiol, Div Med Phys Radiol, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
RP Pines, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM pines@berkeley.edu
RI Schroder, Leif/H-6036-2011; Meldrum, Tyler/P-7420-2015
OI Schroder, Leif/0000-0003-4901-0325; Meldrum, Tyler/0000-0002-5954-0795
FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences
and Engineering Division and Physical Biosciences Division of the US
Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft [SCHR 995/1-1, SCHR 995/2-1]; European Research
Council [242710]; German Cancer Research Center
FX Research was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division and
Physical Biosciences Division of the US Department of Energy under
Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 [TM, LS, DEW, and AP], by the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft through Emmy Noether Fellowships (SCHR 995/1-1
and SCHR 995/2-1) [LS], by the European Research Council through
Starting Grant Biosensor Imaging under ERC Grant Agreement No. 242710
[LS], and by a fellowship of the German Cancer Research Center [PD].
NR 23
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 4
U2 17
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 1090-7807
J9 J MAGN RESON
JI J. Magn. Reson.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 205
IS 2
BP 242
EP 246
DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2010.05.005
PG 5
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical;
Spectroscopy
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy
GA 627SZ
UT WOS:000280064500008
PM 20542715
ER
PT J
AU Fabris, D
Yu, ET
AF Fabris, Daniele
Yu, Eizadora T.
TI Elucidating the higher-order structure of biopolymers by structural
probing and mass spectrometry: MS3D
SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY
LA English
DT Article
DE cross-linking, footprinting, solvent-accessibility probes, covalent
labeling; structural probing, molecular modeling, structural biology
ID CHEMICAL CROSS-LINKING; PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER
DISSOCIATION; COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; SIGNAL RECOGNITION
PARTICLE; HYDROGEN-DEUTERIUM EXCHANGE; SPARSE EXPERIMENTAL-DATA; HIV-1
PACKAGING SIGNAL; LINKED PEPTIDES; STRUCTURE PREDICTION
AB Chemical probing represents a very versatile alternative for studying the structure and dynamics of substrates that are intractable by established high-resolution techniques. The implementation of MS-based strategies for the characterization of probing products has not only extended the range of applicability to virtually all types of biopolymers but has also paved the way for the introduction of new reagents that would not have been viable with traditional analytical platforms. As the availability of probing data is steadily increasing on the wings of the development of dedicated interpretation aids, powerful computational approaches have been explored to enable the effective utilization of such information to generate valid molecular models. This combination of factors has contributed to making the possibility of obtaining actual 3D structures by MS-based technologies (MS3D) a reality. Although approaches for achieving structure determination of unknown targets or assessing the dynamics of known structures may share similar reagents and development trajectories, they clearly involve distinctive experimental strategies, analytical concerns and interpretation paradigms. This Perspective offers a commentary on methods aimed at obtaining distance constraints for the modeling of full-fledged structures while highlighting common elements, salient distinctions and complementary capabilities exhibited by methods used in dynamics studies. We discuss critical factors to be addressed for completing effective structural determinations and expose possible pitfalls of chemical methods. We survey programs developed for facilitating the interpretation of experimental data and discuss possible computational strategies for translating sparse spatial constraints into all-atom models. Examples are provided to illustrate how the concerted application of very diverse probing techniques can lead to the solution of actual biological systems. Copyright (c) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Fabris, Daniele] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Yu, Eizadora T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA.
RP Fabris, D (reprint author), SUNY Albany, RNA Inst, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222 USA.
RI Yu, Eizadora/A-8971-2011
FU National Institutes of Health [GM643208, RR019864]; National Science
Foundation [Chem 043967]; United States Department of Energy's National
Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX This publication was funded by the National Institutes of Health
(GM643208 and RR019864) and by the National Science Foundation (Chem
043967) Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia
Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department
of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract
DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 225
TC 29
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 13
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1076-5174
J9 J MASS SPECTROM
JI J. Mass Spectrom.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 45
IS 8
BP 841
EP 860
DI 10.1002/jms.1762
PG 20
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy
GA 646UR
UT WOS:000281569100001
PM 20648672
ER
PT J
AU Doeff, MM
Chen, JJ
Conry, TE
Wang, RG
Wilcox, J
Aumentado, A
AF Doeff, Marca M.
Chen, Jiajun
Conry, Thomas E.
Wang, Ruigang
Wilcox, James
Aumentado, Albert
TI Combustion synthesis of nanoparticulate LiMgxMn1-xPO4 (x=0, 0.1, 0.2)
carbon composites
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID ENHANCED ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; LITHIUM MANGANESE PHOSPHATE;
LIMPO4 M; LIMNPO4; BATTERIES; CATHODE; MN; FE; INTERCALATION; LIFEPO4
AB A combustion synthesis technique was used to prepare nanoparticulate LiMgxMn1-xPO4 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2)/carbon composites. Powders consisted of carbon-coated particles about 30 nm in diameter, which were partly agglomerated into larger secondary particles. The utilization of the active materials in lithium cells depended most strongly on the post-treatment and the Mg content, and was not influenced by the amount of carbon. Best results were achieved with a hydrothermally treated LiMg0.2Mn0.8PO4/C composite, which exhibited close to 50% utilization of the theoretical capacity at a C/2 discharge rate.
C1 [Doeff, Marca M.; Chen, Jiajun; Conry, Thomas E.; Wang, Ruigang; Wilcox, James; Aumentado, Albert] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Doeff, MM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM mmdoeff@lbl.gov
RI Wang, Ruigang/C-2769-2011; Doeff, Marca/G-6722-2013
OI Doeff, Marca/0000-0002-2148-8047
FU Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies
of the United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the United
States Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We
would like to thank Dr. Robert Kostecki and Dr. Lawrence Hardwick for
providing the Raman spectrum.
NR 27
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 20
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0884-2914
J9 J MATER RES
JI J. Mater. Res.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 8
BP 1460
EP 1468
DI 10.1557/JMR.2010.0187
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 632SG
UT WOS:000280447400008
ER
PT J
AU Huang, JS
Qiao, R
Sumpter, BG
Meunier, V
AF Huang, Jingsong
Qiao, Rui
Sumpter, Bobby G.
Meunier, Vincent
TI Effect of diffuse layer and pore shapes in mesoporous carbon
supercapacitors
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; ELECTROLYTES; CELLS; MODEL
AB In the spirit of the theoretical evolution from the Helmholtz model to the Gouy-Chapman-Stern model for electric double-layer capacitors, we explored the effect of a diffuse layer on the capacitance of mesoporous carbon supercapacitors by solving the Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) equation in mesopores of diameters ranging from 2 to 20 nm. To evaluate the effect of pore shape, both slit and cylindrical pores were considered. We found that the diffuse layer does not affect the capacitance significantly. For slit pores, the area-normalized capacitance is nearly independent of pore size, which is not experimentally observed for template carbons. In comparison, for cylindrical pores, PB simulations indicate a trend of slightly increasing area-normalized capacitance with pore size, similar to that depicted by the electric double-cylinder capacitor model proposed earlier. These results indicate that it is appropriate to approximate the pore shape of mesoporous carbons as being cylindrical and the electric double-cylinder capacitor model should be used for mesoporous carbons as a replacement of the traditional Helmholtz model.
C1 [Huang, Jingsong; Sumpter, Bobby G.; Meunier, Vincent] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Qiao, Rui] Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
RP Meunier, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM meunierv@ornl.gov
RI Meunier, Vincent/F-9391-2010; Huang, Jingsong/A-2789-2008; Qiao,
Rui/B-2350-2009; Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013
OI Meunier, Vincent/0000-0002-7013-179X; Huang,
Jingsong/0000-0001-8993-2506; Qiao, Rui/0000-0001-5219-5530; Sumpter,
Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355
FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Center for Nanophase Materials
Sciences; Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of
Energy; NSF [0967175]
FX We gratefully acknowledge the support from the Laboratory Directed
Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)
and from the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, supported by the
Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy. We
thank Dr. T.A. Centeno for pore sizes of Ref. 23. R.Q. was supported by
NSF under Grant No. 0967175 and by an appointment to the DOE HERE
Program for Faculty at ORNL administered by ORISE.
NR 24
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 20
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA
SN 0884-2914
J9 J MATER RES
JI J. Mater. Res.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 8
BP 1469
EP 1475
DI 10.1557/JMR.2010.0188
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 632SG
UT WOS:000280447400009
ER
PT J
AU Xu, F
Dudney, NJ
Veith, GM
Kim, Y
Erdonmez, C
Lai, W
Chiang, YM
AF Xu, Fan
Dudney, Nancy J.
Veith, Gabriel M.
Kim, Yoongu
Erdonmez, Can
Lai, Wei
Chiang, Yet-Ming
TI Properties of lithium phosphorus oxynitride (Ligon) for 3D solid-state
lithium batteries
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID SPUTTER-DEPOSITION PROCESS; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; ELECTROLYTE
THIN-FILMS; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES;
VAPOR-DEPOSITION; FABRICATION; ANODE
AB The thin film electrolyte known as Lipon (lithium phosphorous oxynitride) has proven successful for planar thin film battery applications. Here, the sputter deposition of the amorphous LiPON electrolyte onto more complex 3D structures is examined. The 3D structures include off-axis alignment of planar substrates and also 10-100 mu m arrays of pores, columns, and grooves. For magnetron sputtering in N(2) gas at 2.6 Pa, the Lipon film deposition is not restricted to be line-of-sight to the target, but forms conformal and dense films over the 3D and off-axis substrates. The deposition rate decreases for areas and grooves that are less accessible by the sputtered flux. The composition varies, but remains within the range that gives sufficient Li(+) ionic conductivity, 2 +/- 1 mu S/cm.
C1 [Xu, Fan; Dudney, Nancy J.; Veith, Gabriel M.; Kim, Yoongu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Erdonmez, Can; Lai, Wei; Chiang, Yet-Ming] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Dudney, NJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM dudneynj@ornl.gov
RI Lai, Wei/E-8942-2011; Dudney, Nancy/I-6361-2016
OI Lai, Wei/0000-0002-9258-5573; Dudney, Nancy/0000-0001-7729-6178
FU DARPA Defense Science Office Division; Engineering, Office of Basic
Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX This research is sponsored by the DARPA Defense Science Office Division
with assistance from the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering,
Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (G.M.V. and
N.J.D.). The authors appreciate the help of Prof. Bruce Dunn in
supplying the silver epoxy posts and Christopher Borman for assistance
with the ICP studies. Notice: This manuscript has been authored by
UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S.
Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the
publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that
the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up,
irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published
form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States
Government purposes.
NR 29
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 3
U2 44
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA
SN 0884-2914
J9 J MATER RES
JI J. Mater. Res.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 8
BP 1507
EP 1515
DI 10.1557/JMR.2010.0193
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 632SG
UT WOS:000280447400014
ER
PT J
AU Huang, JS
Sumpter, BG
Meunier, V
Yushin, G
Portet, C
Gogotsi, Y
AF Huang, Jingsong
Sumpter, Bobby G.
Meunier, Vincent
Yushin, Gleb
Portet, Cristelle
Gogotsi, Yury
TI Curvature effects in carbon nanomaterials: Exohedral versus endohedral
supercapacitors
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITOR; ONION-LIKE CARBON; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS;
TRANSFER METHODOLOGY; PERFORMANCE; ULTRACAPACITORS; NANOTUBES;
ELECTRODE; MODEL
AB Capacitive energy storage mechanisms in nanoporous carbon supercapacitors hinge on endohedral interactions in carbon materials with macro-, meso-, and micropores that have negative surface curvature. In this article, we show that because of the positive curvature found in zero-dimensional carbon onions or one-dimensional carbon nanotube arrays, exohedral interactions cause the normalized capacitance to increase with decreasing particle size or tube diameter, in sharp contrast to the behavior of nanoporous carbon materials. This finding is in good agreement with the trend of recent experimental data. Our analysis suggests that electrical energy storage can be improved by exploiting the highly curved surfaces of carbon nanotube arrays with diameters on the order of 1 nm.
C1 [Huang, Jingsong; Sumpter, Bobby G.; Meunier, Vincent] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Yushin, Gleb] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Portet, Cristelle; Gogotsi, Yury] Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, AJ Drexel Nanotechnol Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
RP Huang, JS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM huangj3@ornl.gov; gogotsi@drexel.edu
RI Meunier, Vincent/F-9391-2010; Huang, Jingsong/A-2789-2008; Gogotsi,
Yury/B-2167-2008; Yushin, Gleb/B-4529-2013; Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013
OI Meunier, Vincent/0000-0002-7013-179X; Huang,
Jingsong/0000-0001-8993-2506; Gogotsi, Yury/0000-0001-9423-4032; Yushin,
Gleb/0000-0002-3274-9265; Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355
FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Center for Nanophase Materials
Sciences; Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of
Energy; Fluid Interface Reactions, Structures and Transport (FIRST)
Center; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science; Office of Basic
Energy Sciences [ERKCC61]
FX We gratefully acknowledge the support from the Laboratory Directed
Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)
and from the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, sponsored by the
Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy. G.
Yushin was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research,
Physics and Electronics Directorate. Y. Gogotsi was supported as part of
the Fluid Interface Reactions, Structures and Transport (FIRST) Center,
an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award
No. ERKCC61.
NR 32
TC 65
Z9 65
U1 3
U2 46
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA
SN 0884-2914
J9 J MATER RES
JI J. Mater. Res.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 8
BP 1525
EP 1531
DI 10.1557/JMR.2010.0195
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 632SG
UT WOS:000280447400016
ER
PT J
AU Braun, A
Seifert, S
Ilavsky, J
AF Braun, Artur
Seifert, Soenke
Ilavsky, Jan
TI Highly porous activated glassy carbon film sandwich structure for
electrochemical energy storage in ultracapacitor applications: Study of
the porous film structure and gradient
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; DOUBLE-LAYER; THERMAL-OXIDATION; VITREOUS CARBON;
GROWTH
AB Glassy carbon plates were thermochemically gas phase oxidized to obtain monolithic sandwichlike electrode assemblies with high surface area porous films for electrochemical energy storage applications. Film thicknesses were varied by variation of oxidation parameters time, temperature, and oxygen concentration and measured with electron microscopy. The mass density of the porous carbon film material was estimated by fitting a geometrical model to experimental gravimetric data. Optical Raman spectroscopy line scans suggest that the porosity has a gradient between the surface and the film/bulk interface, which is supported by pore-size distribution data obtained from small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) on slightly oxidized and fully oxidized samples. Detailed inspection of the power law behavior of SAXS data suggests that the internal surface area of well-oxidized glassy carbon (GC) is compact and extends over the entire probed volume and thus has optimal pore connectivity. This effect goes along with pore enlargement and a relative decrease of internal surface area per volume. Slightly oxidized carbon has no pore space with a compact, high connectivity internal surface area. The corresponding SAXS power law and the x-ray density suggest that this high volumetric surface area must be interpreted as a result of surface roughness, rather than true geometric or volumetric surface area. In consequence, this surface area is of limited use for electrochemical energy storage.
C1 [Braun, Artur] Empa, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing & Res, Lab High Performance Ceram, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland.
[Braun, Artur] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA.
[Braun, Artur] Paul Scherrer Inst, Gen Energy Res Dept, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
[Seifert, Soenke; Ilavsky, Jan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Braun, A (reprint author), Empa, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing & Res, Lab High Performance Ceram, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland.
EM artur.braun@alumni.ethz.ch
RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013; BRAUN,
Artur/A-1154-2009
OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900; BRAUN, Artur/0000-0002-6992-7774
FU United States Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic
Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; European Commission
[CT-2006-042095]
FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was
supported by the United States Department of Energy, Office of Science,
Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
We are grateful to Dr. J-C. Panitz (PSI) for the Raman and Dr. Yuanzhi
Chen (Univ. of Kentucky) for the SEM experiments. Financial support by
the European Commission (MIRG No. CT-2006-042095) is acknowledged.
NR 21
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 15
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA
SN 0884-2914
J9 J MATER RES
JI J. Mater. Res.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 8
BP 1532
EP 1540
DI 10.1557/JMR.2010.0197
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 632SG
UT WOS:000280447400017
ER
PT J
AU Wang, CM
Xu, W
Liu, J
Choi, DW
Arey, B
Saraf, LV
Zhang, JG
Yang, ZG
Thevuthasan, S
Baer, DR
Salmon, N
AF Wang, C. M.
Xu, W.
Liu, J.
Choi, D. W.
Arey, B.
Saraf, L. V.
Zhang, J. G.
Yang, Z. G.
Thevuthasan, S.
Baer, D. R.
Salmon, N.
TI In situ transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy studies of
interfaces in Li ion batteries: Challenges and opportunities
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; LITHIUM; GROWTH; GRAPHITE; LIXFEPO4; SEI
AB Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and spectroscopy have been evolved to a stage such that they can be routinely used to probe the structure and composition of the materials with the resolution of a single atomic column. However, a direct in situ TEM observation of structural evolution of the materials in a lithium ion battery during dynamic operation of the battery has never been reported. In this paper, we report the results of exploring the in situ TEM techniques for observation of interfaces in the lithium ion battery during the operation of the battery. A miniature battery was fabricated using a single nanowire and an ionic liquid electrolyte. The structure and composition of the interface across the anode and the electrolyte was studied using TEM imaging, electron diffraction, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. In addition, we also explored the possibilities of carrying out in situ TEM studies of lithium ion batteries with a solid state electrolyte.
C1 [Wang, C. M.; Arey, B.; Saraf, L. V.; Thevuthasan, S.; Baer, D. R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Xu, W.; Choi, D. W.; Zhang, J. G.; Yang, Z. G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Liu, J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Salmon, N.] Hummingbird Sci, Lacey, WA 98516 USA.
RP Wang, CM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM Chongmin.Wang@pnl.gov
RI Choi, Daiwon/B-6593-2008; Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013;
OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961; Xu, Wu/0000-0002-2685-8684
FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Offices of Basic
Energy Sciences and Biological and Environmental Research; DOE
[DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]
FX The authors thank Michael C. Perkins of PNNL for graphics work on Fig. 2
and Dr. J.Y. Huang of Sandia National Laboratory for helpful
discussions. This work was supported by U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
Office of Science, Offices of Basic Energy Sciences and Biological and
Environmental Research. The work was conducted in the William R. Wiley
Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national
scientific user facility sponsored by DOE's Office of Biological and
Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by Battelle for the DOE under
Contract No. DE-AC06-76RLO 1830.
NR 30
TC 51
Z9 51
U1 10
U2 94
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA
SN 0884-2914
J9 J MATER RES
JI J. Mater. Res.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 8
BP 1541
EP 1547
DI 10.1557/JMR.2010.0198
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 632SG
UT WOS:000280447400018
ER
PT J
AU Scheffler, R
Bell, NS
Sigmund, W
AF Scheffler, Raymond
Bell, Nelson S.
Sigmund, Wolfgang
TI Electrospun Teflon AF fibers for superhydrophobic membranes
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID EXHIBITING SUPERHYDROPHOBICITY; NANOFIBERS; BATTERIES
AB Superhydrophobic membranes have the potential to protect devices from incidental exposure to water. This paper reports on the processing of Teflon AF fluoropolymers through electrospinning. Teflon AF is difficult to electrospin due to its low dielectric constant and the low dielectric constants of the liquids in which it is soluble. The two approaches that have been utilized to produce fibers are direct electrospinning in Novec engineering liquids and core-shell electrospinning. Both methods produced superhydrophobic membranes. Fibers with an average diameter of 290 nm and average water contact angle of 151 degrees were obtained by core-shell electrospinning. One suggested application for electrospun superhydrophobic membranes is the lithium-air battery.
C1 [Scheffler, Raymond; Sigmund, Wolfgang] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Bell, Nelson S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA.
[Sigmund, Wolfgang] Hanyang Univ, Dept Energy Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea.
RP Sigmund, W (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
EM wsigm@mse.ufl.edu
FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC04-94AL8500]
FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by
Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company. This work was supported
by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL8500.
NR 18
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 4
U2 37
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA
SN 0884-2914
J9 J MATER RES
JI J. Mater. Res.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 8
BP 1595
EP 1600
DI 10.1557/JMR.2010.0205
PG 6
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 632SG
UT WOS:000280447400025
ER
PT J
AU Cabana, J
Johnson, CS
Yang, XQ
Chung, KY
Yoon, WS
Kang, SH
Thackeray, MM
Grey, CP
AF Cabana, Jordi
Johnson, Christopher S.
Yang, Xiao-Qing
Chung, Kyung-Yoon
Yoon, Won-Sub
Kang, Sun-Ho
Thackeray, Michael M.
Grey, Clare P.
TI Structural complexity of layered-spinel composite electrodes for Li-ion
batteries
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID LITHIUM-MANGANESE OXIDE; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CATHODE MATERIALS; IN-SITU;
STRUCTURE REFINEMENT; POSITIVE-ELECTRODE; NMR; LI2MNO3; MAS; DIOXIDE
AB The complexity of layered-spinel yLi(2)MnO(3)center dot(1-y)L(i+x)Mn(2-x)O(4) (Li:Mn = 1.2:1; 0 <= x <= 0.33; y >= 0.45) composites synthesized at different temperatures has been investigated by a combination of x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). While the layered component does not change substantially between samples, an evolution of the spinet component from a high to a low lithium excess phase has been traced with temperature by comparing with data for pure Li(1+x)Mn(2-x)O(4). The changes that occur to the structure of the spinel component and to the average oxidation state of the manganese ions within the composite structure as lithium is electrochemically removed in a battery have been monitored using these techniques, in some cases in situ. Our (6)Li NMR results constitute the first direct observation of lithium removal from Li(2)MnO(3) and the formation of LiMnO(2) upon lithium reinsertion.
C1 [Yoon, Won-Sub] Kookmin Univ, Sch Adv Mat Engn, Seoul 136702, South Korea.
[Cabana, Jordi; Grey, Clare P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Johnson, Christopher S.; Kang, Sun-Ho; Thackeray, Michael M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Electrochem Energy Storage, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Yang, Xiao-Qing; Chung, Kyung-Yoon] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Chung, Kyung-Yoon] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Adv Battery Ctr, Seoul 136791, South Korea.
RP Yoon, WS (reprint author), Kookmin Univ, Sch Adv Mat Engn, 861-1 Jeongneung Dong, Seoul 136702, South Korea.
EM wsyoon@kookmin.ac.kr; cgrey@notes.cc.sunysb.edu
RI Kang, Sun-Ho/E-7570-2010; Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011; Cabana,
Jordi/G-6548-2012; Chung, Kyung Yoon/E-4646-2011
OI Cabana, Jordi/0000-0002-2353-5986; Chung, Kyung Yoon/0000-0002-1273-746X
FU U.S. DOE Office of FreedomCAR [DE-AC03-76SF00098, 6517749]; Generalitat
de Catalunya; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357,
DEAC02-98CH10886]; Kookmin University; Fundamental Materials &
Components technology developing program; Korean government
[2009-0067121]
FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Jun Wang at Argonne National
Laboratory for assistance with the XRD data collection at the Advanced
Photon Source. Dr. Montse Casas-Cabanas is thanked for her comments and
assistance with the profile refinements. J.C. and C.P.G. acknowledge
support from the U.S. DOE Office of FreedomCAR (Contract No.
DE-AC03-76SF00098; sub-contract 6517749 with LBNL). J.C. is indebted to
the Generalitat de Catalunya for providing funding through a Beatriu de
Pinos postdoctoral fellowship. Support for C.S.J., S.H.K., and M.M.T.
from the Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy
under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 is gratefully acknowledged. The
work at Kookmin University was supported by research program 2009 of
Kookmin University and the grant from the Fundamental Materials &
Components technology developing program and National Research
Foundation of Korea (No. 2009-0067121) funded by the Korean government.
The work at BNL was supported by the Office of Vehicle Technologies, of
the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC02-98CH10886.
NR 45
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 3
U2 89
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA
SN 0884-2914
J9 J MATER RES
JI J. Mater. Res.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 8
BP 1601
EP 1616
DI 10.1557/JMR.2010.0206
PG 16
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 632SG
UT WOS:000280447400026
ER
PT J
AU Au, M
Adams, T
AF Au, Ming
Adams, Thad
TI Nanostructured metal oxides for anodes of Li-ion rechargeable batteries
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID HOLLOW MICROSPHERES; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; HIGH-CAPACITY; LITHIUM;
SNO2; ELECTRODE
AB The aligned freestanding nanorods (NR) of Co(3)O(4) and nanoporous hollow spheres (NHS) of SnO(2) and Mn(2)O(3) were investigated as the anodes for Li-ion rechargeable batteries. The Co(3)O(4) nanorods demonstrated 1433 mAh/g of reversible capacity initially and then decreased gradually. The NHS of SnO(2), and Mn(2)O(3) delivered enemy densities as 400 and 250 mAh/g, respectively, in multiple galvonastatic discharge-charge cycles. The morphologic changes of the nanostructure anodes were investigated. It was found that Co(3)O(4) NR broke down during cycles, but SnO(2) NHS still maintained their structural integrity in multiple cycles resulting in sustainable high capacity. The nanostructured metal oxides exhibit great potential as the new anode materials for Li-ion rechargeable batteries with high energy density, low cost, and inherent safety.
C1 [Au, Ming; Adams, Thad] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA.
RP Au, M (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA.
EM ming.au@sml.doe.gov
FU Savannah River National Laboratory LDRD program; United States
Department of Energy [DE-AC09-08SR22470]
FX This work was financially supported by the Savannah River National
Laboratory LDRD program. Savannah River National Laboratory is operated
by Savannah River Nuclear Solution for the United States Department of
Energy under Contract No. DE-AC09-08SR22470.
NR 21
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 4
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA
SN 0884-2914
J9 J MATER RES
JI J. Mater. Res.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 8
BP 1649
EP 1655
DI 10.1557/JMR.2010.0212
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 632SG
UT WOS:000280447400031
ER
PT J
AU Lu, WQ
Jansen, A
Dees, D
Henriksen, G
AF Lu, Wenquan
Jansen, Andrew
Dees, Dennis
Henriksen, Gary
TI Olivine electrode engineering impact on the electrochemical performance
of lithium-ion batteries
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID CATHODES
AB High energy and power density lithium iron phosphate was studied for hybrid electric vehicle applications. This work addresses the effects of porosity in a composite electrode using a four-point probe resistivity analyzer, galvanostatic cycling, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The four-point probe result indicates that the porosity of composite electrode affects the electronic conductivity significantly. This effect is also observed from the cell's pulse current discharge performance. Compared to the direct current (dc) methods used, the EIS data are more sensitive to electrode porosity, especially for electrodes with low porosity values.
C1 [Lu, Wenquan; Jansen, Andrew; Dees, Dennis; Henriksen, Gary] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Lu, WQ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM luw@anl.gov
RI Jansen, Andrew/Q-5912-2016
OI Jansen, Andrew/0000-0003-3244-7790
FU United States Department of Energy's Office; United States Department of
Energy Office of Science Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX The authors are thankful to Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co.,
Ltd. for supplying the olivine material. Support from David Howell of
the United States Department of Energy's Office of Vehicle Technologies
Program is gratefully acknowledged. The electron microscopy was
accomplished at the Electron Microscopy Center for Materials Research at
Argonne National Laboratory, a United States Department of Energy Office
of Science Laboratory operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 by
UChicago Argonne, LLC.
NR 10
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 9
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0884-2914
J9 J MATER RES
JI J. Mater. Res.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 8
BP 1656
EP 1660
DI 10.1557/JMR.2010.0214
PG 5
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 632SG
UT WOS:000280447400032
ER
PT J
AU Lehman, JH
Hurst, KE
Singh, G
Mansfield, E
Perkins, JD
Cromer, CL
AF Lehman, John H.
Hurst, Katherine E.
Singh, Gurpreet
Mansfield, Elisabeth
Perkins, John D.
Cromer, Christopher L.
TI Core-shell composite of SiCN and multiwalled carbon nanotubes from
toluene dispersion
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 [Lehman, John H.; Mansfield, Elisabeth; Cromer, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Hurst, Katherine E.; Perkins, John D.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Singh, Gurpreet] Kansas State Univ, Mech & Nucl Engn Dept, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
RP Lehman, JH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM lehman@boulder.nist.gov
RI Mansfield, Elisabeth/C-5258-2012; Singh, Gurpreet/J-9083-2012
OI Mansfield, Elisabeth/0000-0003-2463-0966;
NR 11
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 16
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0022-2461
J9 J MATER SCI
JI J. Mater. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 45
IS 15
BP 4251
EP 4254
DI 10.1007/s10853-010-4611-4
PG 4
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 608JO
UT WOS:000278580100040
ER
PT J
AU Yeh, WW
Rahman, I
Hraber, P
Giri, A
Nevidomskyte, D
Coffey, RT
Asmal, M
Miljkovic, S
Whitney, JB
Keele, BF
Shaw, GM
Korber, BT
Seaman, MS
Letvin, NL
AF Yeh, Wendy W.
Rahman, Ishita
Hraber, Peter
Giri, Ayush
Nevidomskyte, Daiva
Coffey, Rory T.
Asmal, Mohammed
Miljkovic, Svetlana
Whitney, James B.
Keele, Brandon F.
Shaw, George M.
Korber, Bette T.
Seaman, Michael S.
Letvin, Norman L.
TI AUTOLOGOUS NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES THAT SELECT VIRAL ESCAPE VARIANTS
EMERGE LATE AFTER SIV INFECTION OF RHESUS MONKEYS
SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Yeh, Wendy W.; Rahman, Ishita; Giri, Ayush; Nevidomskyte, Daiva; Coffey, Rory T.; Asmal, Mohammed; Miljkovic, Svetlana; Whitney, James B.; Seaman, Michael S.; Letvin, Norman L.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Viral Pathogenesis, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
[Hraber, Peter; Korber, Bette T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Theoret Biol & Biophys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Keele, Brandon F.; Shaw, George M.] Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0047-2565
J9 J MED PRIMATOL
JI J. Med. Primatol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 39
IS 4
MA 16
BP 271
EP 272
PG 2
WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology
SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology
GA 619RV
UT WOS:000279448900025
ER
PT J
AU Santra, S
Liao, HX
Zhang, RJ
Muldoon, M
Watson, S
Fischer, W
Theiler, J
Balachandran, H
Buzby, A
Quinn, D
Parks, RJ
Tsao, CY
Carville, A
Mansfield, KG
Haynes, BF
Korber, BT
Letvin, NL
AF Santra, Sampa
Liao, Hua-Xin
Zhang, Ruijin
Muldoon, Mark
Watson, Sydaeka
Fischer, Will
Theiler, James
Balachandran, Harikrishnan
Buzby, Adam
Quinn, David
Parks, Robert J.
Tsao, Chun-Yen
Carville, Angela
Mansfield, Keith G.
Haynes, Barton F.
Korber, Bette T.
Letvin, Norman L.
TI MOSAIC VACCINES ELICIT CD8+T CELL RESPONSES IN MONKEYS THAT CONFER
IMMUNE COVERAGE OF DIVERSE HIV STRAINS
SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Santra, Sampa; Balachandran, Harikrishnan; Buzby, Adam; Quinn, David; Letvin, Norman L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Viral Pathogenesis,Dept Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Liao, Hua-Xin; Zhang, Ruijin; Parks, Robert J.; Tsao, Chun-Yen; Haynes, Barton F.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27706 USA.
[Muldoon, Mark] Univ Manchester, Sch Math, Dept Math, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
[Watson, Sydaeka; Fischer, Will; Theiler, James; Korber, Bette T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RI Fischer, Will/B-1323-2013
OI Fischer, Will/0000-0003-4579-4062
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0047-2565
J9 J MED PRIMATOL
JI J. Med. Primatol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 39
IS 4
MA LB3
BP 282
EP 282
PG 1
WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology
SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology
GA 619RV
UT WOS:000279448900057
ER
PT J
AU Whitney, JB
Hraber, PT
Ludemann, C
Rao, SS
Mascola, JR
Korber, B
Nabel, GJ
Letvin, NL
AF Whitney, James B.
Hraber, Peter T.
Ludemann, Corinne
Rao, Srinivas S.
Mascola, John R.
Korber, Bette
Nabel, Gary J.
Letvin, Norman L.
TI EARLY GENITAL TRACT SEQUESTRATION DURING ACUTE SIV INFECTION
SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Whitney, James B.; Ludemann, Corinne; Letvin, Norman L.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Viral Pathogenesis, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
[Hraber, Peter T.; Korber, Bette] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Rao, Srinivas S.; Mascola, John R.] NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0047-2565
J9 J MED PRIMATOL
JI J. Med. Primatol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 39
IS 4
MA 102
BP 301
EP 301
PG 1
WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology
SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology
GA 619RV
UT WOS:000279448900113
ER
PT J
AU Geiger, EJ
Pisano, AP
Svec, F
AF Geiger, Emil J.
Pisano, Albert P.
Svec, Frantisek
TI A Polymer-Based Microfluidic Platform Featuring On-Chip Actuated
Hydrogel Valves for Disposable Applications
SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Hydrogel; injectionmolding; microfluidics; valve
ID FLOW-CONTROL; MECHANICAL FUNCTIONALITY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SMALL
MOLECULES; SYSTEMS; DEVICES; INTERCONNECTS; AMPLIFICATION; TECHNOLOGIES;
MICRODEVICES
AB We present a highly functional polymer-based microfluidic device for disposable applications. This device is plastic injection molded and exhibits three levels of functionality: 1) fluidic interconnects are monolithically integrated with the device, enabling robust manufacturing and high-pressure operation (> 3.5 MPa); 2) a metal layer is lithographically patterned in the form of microheaters; and 3) a thermally sensitive hydrogel valve is integrated into the channel. The valve is normally closed at room temperature. Upon heating to above the lower critical solution temperature of 32 degrees C, the polymer valve becomes hydrophobic, shrinks while forming large pores, and permits flow. The device has been actuated reliably over 100 times with no apparent degradation. The valve closing response using the integrated on-chip heaters is 5 s, as opposed to 20 s when using off-chip heat sources. On average, a completed device can be fabricated in less than 2 h and only requires an external pressure source and electrical controller for operation. [2009-0204]
C1 [Geiger, Emil J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA.
[Pisano, Albert P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Svec, Frantisek] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Geiger, EJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM emiljgeiger@llnl.gov
RI Geiger, Emil/G-5341-2015
OI Geiger, Emil/0000-0001-5828-805X
FU National Science Foundation; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S.
Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported in part by a National Science Foundation
Graduate Research Fellowship. F. Svec and the preparation of valves
carried out at the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, were supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of
the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Subject
Editor F. Ayazi.
NR 58
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 16
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1057-7157
EI 1941-0158
J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S
JI J. Microelectromech. Syst.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 19
IS 4
BP 944
EP 950
DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2010.2048702
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments &
Instrumentation; Physics
GA 671WO
UT WOS:000283543400025
ER
PT J
AU Ye, XH
Rollin, J
Zhang, YHP
AF Ye, Xinhao
Rollin, Joe
Zhang, Yi-Heng Percival
TI Thermophilic alpha-glucan phosphorylase from Clostridium thermocellum:
Cloning, characterization and enhanced thermostability
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS B-ENZYMATIC
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 9th International Symposium on Biocatalysis and Biotransformations
CY JUL 05-09, 2009
CL Bern, SWITZERLAND
DE alpha-Glucan phosphorylase; Biocatalysis; Building block; Clostridium
thermocellum; Cell-free synthetic biology; Synthetic pathway
biotransformation (SyPaB); Thermostability
ID COLI MALTODEXTRIN PHOSPHORYLASE; GLYCOGEN-PHOSPHORYLASE;
ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OLIGOSACCHARIDE SUBSTRATE; CELLULOSE UTILIZATION;
ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; THERMOTOGA-MARITIMA; PURIFICATION; HYDROGEN;
ENZYMES
AB ORF Cthe0357 from the thermophilic bacterium Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 that encodes a putative alpha-glucan phosphorylase (alpha GP) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The protein with a C-terminal His-tag was purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatography: the tag-free protein obtained from a cellulose-binding module-intein-alpha GP fusion protein was purified through affinity adsorption on amorphous cellulose followed by intein self-cleavage. Both purified enzymes had molecular weights of ca. 81,000 and similar specific activities. The optimal conditions were pH 6.0-6.5 and 60 degrees C for the synthesis direction and pH 7.0-7.5 and 80 degrees C for the degradation direction. This enzyme had broad substrate specificities for different chain length dextrins and soluble starch. The thermal inactivation of this enzyme strongly depended on temperature, protein concentration, and certain addictives that were shown previously to benefit the protein thermostability. The half lifetime of 0.05 mg alpha GP/mL at 50 degrees C was extended by 45-fold to 90 h through a combined addition of 0.1 mM Mg2+, 5 mM DTT, 1% NaCl, 0.1% Triton X-100, and 1 mg/mL BSA. The enzyme with prolonged stability would work as a building block for cell-free synthetic enzymatic pathway biotransformations, which can implement complicated biocatalysis through assembly of a number of enzymes and coenzymes. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ye, Xinhao; Rollin, Joe; Zhang, Yi-Heng Percival] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Zhang, Yi-Heng Percival] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, ICTAS, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Zhang, Yi-Heng Percival] DOE Bioenergy Sci Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Zhang, YHP (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 210-A Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
EM biofuels@vt.edu
RI Ye, Xinhao/J-7591-2013
NR 44
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1381-1177
J9 J MOL CATAL B-ENZYM
JI J. Mol. Catal. B-Enzym.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 65
IS 1-4
SI SI
BP 110
EP 116
DI 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.01.015
PG 7
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Physical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 612TN
UT WOS:000278926300019
ER
PT J
AU McRaven, CP
Sivakumar, P
Shafer-Ray, NE
Hall, GE
Sears, TJ
AF McRaven, C. P.
Sivakumar, P.
Shafer-Ray, N. E.
Hall, Gregory E.
Sears, Trevor J.
TI Spectroscopic constants of the known electronic states of lead
monofluoride
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE REMP1; Electron EDM; Double resonance spectroscopy; Fine structure
spectra
ID LOW-LYING STATES; RADIATIVE LIFETIMES; PBF; TRANSITIONS; SPECTRA; PBCL
AB Based on measurements made by mass-resolved 1 + 1' + 1 '' resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy, we have determined new molecular constants describing the rotational and fine structure levels of the B, D, E, and F states of the most abundant isotopic variant (208)Pb(19)F, and we summarize the spectroscopic constants for all the know electronic states of the radical. Many spectroscopic constants for the isotopologues (206)Pb(19)F and (207)Pb(19)F have also been determined. The symmetry of the D-state is found to be (2)Pi(1/2) the F-state is found to be an Omega = 3/2 state. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [McRaven, C. P.; Sivakumar, P.; Shafer-Ray, N. E.] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Hall, Gregory E.; Sears, Trevor J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Shafer-Ray, NE (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
EM shaferry@physics.ou.edu
RI Hall, Gregory/D-4883-2013; Sears, Trevor/B-5990-2013
OI Hall, Gregory/0000-0002-8534-9783; Sears, Trevor/0000-0002-5559-0154
FU National Science Foundation [PHY0602490]; United States Department of
Energy [DOE-07ER46361, DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Division of Chemical
Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences
FX This work was performed with the support of a grant from the National
Science Foundation (Grant No. PHY0602490) and the United States
Department of Energy (DOE-07ER46361) Work by G.E.H. and T.J.S. at
Brookhaven National Laboratory was performed under Contract No.
DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the US Department of Energy and supported by its
Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences.
NR 18
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 6
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-2852
J9 J MOL SPECTROSC
JI J. Mol. Spectrosc.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 262
IS 2
BP 89
EP 92
DI 10.1016/j.jms.2010.05.006
PG 4
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy
SC Physics; Spectroscopy
GA 638XA
UT WOS:000280930600005
ER
PT J
AU Jo, JH
Jo, EM
Park, D
Lee, DS
Woo, SH
AF Jo, Ji Hye
Jo, Eun Mi
Park, Donghee
Lee, Dae Sung
Woo, Seung Han
TI Application of Kernel Partial Least Square to Predict Biological
Hydrogen Production by Enterobacter aerogenes
SO JOURNAL OF NANOELECTRONICS AND OPTOELECTRONICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Enterobacter aerogenes; Hydrogen Production; Multivariate Statistical
Process Control; Partial Least Squares; Kernel-Based Algorithms
ID EVOLUTION; WASTE
AB Hydrogen production by dark fermentation, where hydrogenase enzymes catalyze the oxidation or evolution of molecular hydrogen from two protons (H(+)) and electrons, is an economic and environmentally friendly technology for producing clean energy. However, the long-term operations of a continuous anaerobic reactor for fermentative hydrogen production were frequently unstable. In this study, a kernel partial least squares (KPLS) algorithm is employed to develop an online estimation of the key process variables in a biological hydrogen production process by Enterobacter aerogenes in minimal time and with minimal cost. The KPLS approach is potentially very efficient for predicting key quality variables of nonlinear processes by mapping an original input space into a high-dimensional feature space. The proposed kernel-based algorithm could effectively capture the nonlinear relationship in the process variables and show far better performance in the prediction of the key process variable compared with the conventional linear PLS and other nonlinear PLS methods.
C1 [Woo, Seung Han] Hanbat Natl Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Taejon 305719, South Korea.
[Jo, Ji Hye] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Jo, Eun Mi; Park, Donghee; Lee, Dae Sung] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Taegu 702701, South Korea.
RP Woo, SH (reprint author), Hanbat Natl Univ, Dept Chem Engn, San 16-1, Taejon 305719, South Korea.
FU Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) [2010-0001444,
2009-0093819]; Brain Korea 21 Program; Ministry of Knowledge and Economy
[20094010200010]
FX This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through
the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry
of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) (2010-0001444). This work
was also partially supported by the second phase of the Brain Korea 21
Program in 2010 as well as by the Priority Research Centers Program
through the NRF funded by the MEST (2009-0093819). This work is also the
outcome of a Manpower Development Program for Energy and Resources
supported by the Ministry of Knowledge and Economy (20094010200010).
NR 12
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS
PI VALENCIA
PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA
SN 1555-130X
J9 J NANOELECTRON OPTOE
JI J. Nanoelectron. Optoelectron.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 5
IS 2
SI SI
BP 203
EP 207
DI 10.1166/jno.2010.1094
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics
GA 644TY
UT WOS:000281405400023
ER
PT J
AU Jo, JH
Lim, JT
Lee, DS
Park, JM
AF Jo, Ji Hye
Lim, Jun Taek
Lee, Dae Sung
Park, Jong Moon
TI Determination of Plasmid Stability in Hydrogen-Producing Recombinant
Clostridium tyrobutyricum JM1 by Real-Time PCR Quantification
SO JOURNAL OF NANOELECTRONICS AND OPTOELECTRONICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Hydrogen Production; Real-Time Quantitative PCR (qPCR); Plasmid
Stability; Clostridium tyrobutyricum
ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; COPY NUMBER; CELLULOLYTICUM; ACETOBUTYLICUM
AB Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was applied to determine plasmid stability in recombinant Clostridium tyrobutyricum harboring pJIR418 shuttle vector (ATCC 77387). For the detection of the plasmid and the host chromosomal DNA, two primer sets were designed specifically for the plasmid chloramphenicol-resistant gene (cml) and for the 16S rRNA gene (16S), respectively. The plasmid copy number can be determined as the copy ratio of cml to 16S. The qPCR assay was able to evaluate the plasmid stability with good reproducibility and high sensitivity in non-selective conditions during a continuous fermentation.
C1 [Lee, Dae Sung] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Taegu 702701, South Korea.
[Jo, Ji Hye] Biosci Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Lim, Jun Taek; Park, Jong Moon] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Pohang 790784, Gyeongbuk, South Korea.
RP Lee, DS (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Environm Engn, 1370 Sankyuk Dong, Taegu 702701, South Korea.
FU Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2010-0001444]; Korean
Government [KRF-2008-357-D00155]; Brain Korea 21 Program; MEST
[2009-0093819]; Ministry of Knowledge and Economy [20094010200010]
FX This work was financially supported by the Basic Science Research
Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded
by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2010-0001444) and
by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government
(KRF-2008-357-D00155). This work was also partially supported by the
second phase of the Brain Korea 21 Program in 2010, as well as by the
Priority Research Centers Program through the National Research
Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the MEST (2009-0093819). This work
is also the outcome of a Manpower Development Program for Energy &
Resources supported by the Ministry of Knowledge and Economy
(20094010200010).
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 12
PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS
PI VALENCIA
PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA
SN 1555-130X
J9 J NANOELECTRON OPTOE
JI J. Nanoelectron. Optoelectron.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 5
IS 2
SI SI
BP 257
EP 261
DI 10.1166/jno.2010.1105
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics
GA 644TY
UT WOS:000281405400034
ER
PT J
AU Yu, WH
France, DM
Singh, D
Timofeeva, EV
Smith, DS
Routbort, JL
AF Yu, Wenhua
France, David M.
Singh, Dileep
Timofeeva, Elena V.
Smith, David S.
Routbort, Jules L.
TI Mechanisms and Models of Effective Thermal Conductivities of Nanofluids
SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE Nanofluids; Thermal Conductivity; Mechanism; Model
ID HEAT-TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS; NANOPARTICLE-FLUID MIXTURE; CARBON
NANOTUBE COMPOSITES; AGGREGATION KINETICS; INTERFACIAL LAYERS;
BROWNIAN-MOTION; PARTICLE; LIQUID; SUSPENSION; RESISTANCE
AB The physical mechanisms and mathematical models of the effective thermal conductivities of nanofluids have long been of interest to the nanofluid research community because the effective thermal conductivities of nanofluids cannot generally be fully explained and predicted by classical effective medium theories. This review article summarizes considerable progress made on this topic. Specifically, the physical mechanisms and mathematical models of the effective thermal conductivities of nanofluids are reviewed, the potential contributions of those physical mechanisms are evaluated, and the comparisons of the theoretical predictions and experimental data are presented along with opportunities for future research.
C1 [Yu, Wenhua; Timofeeva, Elena V.; Smith, David S.; Routbort, Jules L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[France, David M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.
[Singh, Dileep] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Yu, WH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RI Timofeeva, Elena/E-6391-2010;
OI Timofeeva, Elena V./0000-0001-7839-2727
FU Office of Vehicle Technologies of the US Department of Energy at Argonne
National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Vehicle Technologies of the US
Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357 at Argonne
National Laboratory, managed by the University of Chicago Argonne LLC.
NR 110
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 3
U2 23
PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS
PI VALENCIA
PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA
SN 1533-4880
J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO
JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 8
BP 4824
EP 4849
DI 10.1166/jnn.2010.2413
PG 26
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials
Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 601JV
UT WOS:000278056200002
PM 21125818
ER
PT J
AU Hosemann, P
Kabra, S
Stergar, E
Cappillo, MJ
Maloy, SA
AF Hosemann, P.
Kabra, S.
Stergar, E.
Cappillo, M. J.
Maloy, S. A.
TI Micro-structural characterization of laboratory heats of the
Ferric/Martensitic steels HT-9 and T91
SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID FERRITIC/MARTENSITIC STEELS; IRRADIATION CREEP; DEGREES-C
AB Ferritic/Martensitic materials such as T91 (9Cr-1Mo) and HT-9 (12Cr-1Mo) are candidate materials for nuclear reactor fuel cladding. In order to ensure a full understanding of these materials microstructure in this study a comprehensive characterization of these alloys was conducted. A heat of HT-9 and T91 was produced and the micro-structural changes from the as cast state to the final heat treated sheet product were characterized. Metallography revealed an overall picture of the different microstructures while neutron diffraction performed during the materials heat treatment revealed insight about texture, thermal expansion and transition temperatures. 3D atom probe showed the exact overall composition and the local composition the carbides formed in the material. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Hosemann, P.; Kabra, S.; Cappillo, M. J.; Maloy, S. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Hosemann, P.; Stergar, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Stergar, E.] Univ Leoben, A-8700 Leoben, Austria.
RP Hosemann, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 8,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM peterh@lanl.gov
RI Kabra, Saurabh/M-3888-2014; Maloy, Stuart/A-8672-2009;
OI Kabra, Saurabh/0000-0002-8080-6287; Maloy, Stuart/0000-0001-8037-1319;
Hosemann, Peter/0000-0003-2281-2213
FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DOE) [DE-AC52-06NA25396]
FX This work has benefited from the use of the Lujan Neutron Scattering
Center at LANSCE, which is funded by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences
(DOE). Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National
Security LLC under DOE Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396.
NR 16
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-3115
J9 J NUCL MATER
JI J. Nucl. Mater.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 403
IS 1-3
BP 7
EP 14
DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.05.005
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 638LP
UT WOS:000280896700002
ER
PT J
AU Katoh, Y
Snead, LL
Nozawa, T
Kondo, S
Busby, JT
AF Katoh, Yutai
Snead, Lance L.
Nozawa, Takashi
Kondo, Sosuke
Busby, Jeremy T.
TI Thermophysical and mechanical properties of near-stoichiometric fiber
CVI SiC/SiC composites after neutron irradiation at elevated
temperatures
SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID SILICON-CARBIDE COMPOSITES; CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES;
THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TENSILE PROPERTIES; SIC FIBERS; CRACKING;
BEHAVIOR; FUSION
AB Thermophysical and mechanical properties of high purity chemically vapor-deposited (CVD) SiC and chemically vapor-infiltrated SiC matrix, pyrocarbon/SiC multilayered interphase composites with Hi-Nicalon (TM) Type-S and Tyranno (TM)-SA3 SiC fibers were evaluated following neutron irradiation. Specimens including statistically significant population of tensile bars were irradiated up to 5.3 displacement-per-atom at similar to 220 to similar to 1080 degrees C in the Advanced Test Reactor at Idaho National Laboratory and High Flux Isotope Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
Thermal diffusivity/conductivity of all materials decreased during irradiation. The reciprocal thermal diffusivity linearly increased with temperature from ambient to the irradiation temperature. The magnitude of defect thermal resistance was distinctively different among materials and its ranking was Hi-Nicalon (TM) Type-S > Tyranno (TM)-SA3 > CVD SiC regardless of irradiation condition. Dynamic Young's modulus decrease for the irradiated CVD SiC exhibited explicit correlation with swelling. No significant effects of neutron irradiation on tensile properties of the composites were revealed, except for an anomaly case for the Hi-Nicalon (TM) Type-S composite irradiated in a specific condition. According to the single filament tensile evaluation, fibers of both types retained the original strength during irradiation at intermediate temperatures but significantly deteriorated during bare fiber irradiation at similar to 910 degrees C. However, fiber strength deterioration was not observed when irradiated in composite form. Irradiation effects on the fiber-matrix interface properties were discussed based on results from the composite and single filament tensile tests, the hysteresis analysis, and the fracture surface examination. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Katoh, Yutai; Snead, Lance L.; Nozawa, Takashi; Kondo, Sosuke; Busby, Jeremy T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Katoh, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM katohy@ornl.gov
OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862
FU Office of Nuclear Energy, US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725];
Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory
FX This work was supported by the Office of Nuclear Energy, US Department
of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC.
Additional support was provided by the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory.
The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge contributions from R.
Northey, D. Peters, and W. Cuddy of the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory.
Part of irradiation for this work was carried out in the High Flux
Isotope Reactor, a Basic Energy Science User Facility.
NR 40
TC 38
Z9 42
U1 5
U2 38
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-3115
J9 J NUCL MATER
JI J. Nucl. Mater.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 403
IS 1-3
BP 48
EP 61
DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.06.002
PG 14
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 638LP
UT WOS:000280896700008
ER
PT J
AU Burkes, DE
Papesch, CA
Maddison, AP
Hartmann, T
Rice, FJ
AF Burkes, Douglas E.
Papesch, Cynthia A.
Maddison, Andrew P.
Hartmann, Thomas
Rice, Francine J.
TI Thermo-physical properties of DU-10 wt.% Mo alloys
SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID URANIUM
AB Low-enriched uranium alloyed with 10 wt.% molybdenum is under consideration by the Global Threat Reduction Initiative reactor convert program as a very high density fuel to enable the conversion of high-performance research reactors away from highly-enriched uranium fuels. As with any fuel development program, the thermo-physical properties of the fuel as a function of temperature are extremely important and must be well characterized in order to effectively model and predict fuel behavior under normal and off-normal irradiation conditions. For the alloy system under investigation, the available thermo-physical property data is relatively inconsistent and often lacks appropriate explanation. Available literature on this alloy system comes mainly from studies done during the 19605 and 1970s, and often does not include sufficient information on fabrication history or conditions to draw conclusions for the current application. The current paper has investigated specific heat capacity, coefficient of linear thermal expansion, density, and thermal diffusivity that were then used to calculate alloy thermal conductivity as a function of temperature. The data obtained from this investigation was compared to available literature on similar U-Mo alloys, and in most cases are in good agreement. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Burkes, Douglas E.; Papesch, Cynthia A.; Maddison, Andrew P.; Rice, Francine J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Fuels & Mat Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
[Hartmann, Thomas] Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.
RP Burkes, DE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Fuels & Mat Div, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
EM Douglas.Burkes@inl.gov
FU US Department of Energy (DOE); National Nuclear Security Administration
(NNSA) under DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-05ID14517]
FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) under DOE Idaho
Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. Accordingly, the US
Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or
reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do
so, for US Government purposes.
NR 28
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 3
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-3115
J9 J NUCL MATER
JI J. Nucl. Mater.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 403
IS 1-3
BP 160
EP 166
DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.06.018
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 638LP
UT WOS:000280896700022
ER
PT J
AU Parish, CM
Snow, CS
Kammler, DR
Brewer, LN
AF Parish, Chad M.
Snow, Clark S.
Kammler, Daniel R.
Brewer, Luke N.
TI Processing effects on microstructure in Er and ErD2 thin-films
SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID DEPOSITED ERBIUM FILMS; HYDROGEN ABSORPTION; HELIUM; GROWTH; TRITIDES;
EVOLUTION; METALS; LANI4.25AL0.75; TEMPERATURE; DESORPTION
AB Erbium metal thin-films have been deposited on molybdenum-on-silicon substrates and then converted to erbium dideuteride (ErD2). Here, we study the effects of deposition temperature (approximate to 300 or 723 K) and deposition rate (1 or 20 nm/s) upon the initial Er metal microstructure and subsequent ErD2 microstructure. We find that low deposition temperature and low deposition rate lead to small Er metal grain sizes, and high deposition temperature and deposition rate led to larger Er metal grain sizes, consistent with published models of metal thin-film growth. ErD2 grain sizes are strongly influenced by the prior-metal grain size, with small metal grains leading to large ErD2 grains. A novel sample preparation technique for electron backscatter diffraction of air-sensitive ErD2 was developed, and allowed the quantitative measurement of ErD2 grain size and crystallographic texture. Finer-grained ErD2 showed a strong (1 1 1) fiber texture, whereas larger grained ErD2 had only weak texture. We hypothesize that this inverse correlation may arise from improved hydrogen diffusion kinetics in the more defective fine-grained metal structure or due to improved nucleation in the textured large-grain Er. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Parish, Chad M.; Snow, Clark S.; Kammler, Daniel R.; Brewer, Luke N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Parish, CM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
EM parishcm@ornl.gov
RI Parish, Chad/J-8381-2013
FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security
Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a
Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's
National Nuclear Security Administration under contract
DE-AC04-94AL85000. Liz Holm, Bonnie McKenzie, and Joseph Michael
provided valuable technical advice and assistance. Ryan Wixom (SNL), Rob
Ferrizz (SNL), Ed Kenik (ORNL) and Ray Unocic (ORNL) critiqued the
manuscript. Thanks to Dale Zschiesche for collecting the XRD data.
NR 51
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Z9 14
U1 1
U2 16
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-3115
J9 J NUCL MATER
JI J. Nucl. Mater.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 403
IS 1-3
BP 191
EP 197
DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.06.026
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 638LP
UT WOS:000280896700025
ER
PT J
AU Srivastava, SC
AF Srivastava, Suresh C.
TI Powell "Jim'' Richards 1917-2010 IN MEMORIAM
SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
LA English
DT Biographical-Item
C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Srivastava, SC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC
PI RESTON
PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA
SN 0161-5505
J9 J NUCL MED
JI J. Nucl. Med.
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 51
IS 8
BP 17N
EP 17N
PG 1
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 635HG
UT WOS:000280645600006
ER
PT J
AU Li, Y
Calisal, SM
AF Li, Ye
Calisal, Sander M.
TI A Discrete Vortex Method for Simulating a Stand-Alone Tidal-Current
Turbine: Modeling and Validation
SO JOURNAL OF OFFSHORE MECHANICS AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE
ASME
LA English
DT Article
DE tidal power; tidal-current; discrete-vortex method; unsteady flow;
viscous effect; numerical simulation; kinematic and dynamic validation;
towing tank test
ID AXIS; ENERGY
AB This paper advanced our recent effort (Li and calisal, 2007, "Preliminary Result of a Discrete Vortex Method for Individual Marine Current Turbine," The 26th ASME International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Jun. 10-15, San Diego, CA) to study the behavior of tidal-current turbines. We propose a discrete-vortex method with free-wake structure (DVM-UBC) to describe the behavior of a stand-alone tidal-current turbine and its surrounding unsteady flow and develop a numerical model to predict the performance and wake structure of the turbine based on DVM-UBC. To validate this method, we conducted a series of towing tank tests. DVM-UBC is then validated with several kinematic and dynamic results. When we compared the results obtained with DVM-UBC with our towing tank test results, published results, and the results obtained with other numerical methods, we achieved good agreements. Our comparisons also suggested that DVM-UBC can predict the performance of a turbine 50% more accurately than the traditional discrete-vortex method (traditional DVM) with comparable computational effort and will produce results comparable to the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equation with much less computational effort. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4000499]
C1 [Li, Ye; Calisal, Sander M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Mech Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
RP Li, Y (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd,MS 3811, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM ye.li@nrel.gov
RI Batten, William/D-2390-2010
FU UBC; National Science and Engineering Research Council; Society of Naval
Architects and Marine Engineers; IEEE; ASME; ISOPE
FX The authors would like to thank the following agencies for providing
fellowships to Ye Li to conduct this research: UBC, National Science and
Engineering Research Council, Society of Naval Architects and Marine
Engineers, IEEE, ASME, and ISOPE. The authors would also like to thank
Western Economic Diversification and Blue Energy Canada for supporting
the experimental test. We would also like to thank Voytek Klaptocz and
G. Bill Rawlings for their efforts in designing the prototype and
managing the UBC towing tank test as well as the fruitful discussion on
the experimental test, and thank Thomas Chabut, Cameron Fraser, John
Axerio, Florent Cultot, and Pierre Leplatois for their considerable
contributions to the towing tank test.
NR 26
TC 3
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 11
PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 0892-7219
J9 J OFFSHORE MECH ARCT
JI J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. Trans. ASME
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 132
IS 3
AR 031102
DI 10.1115/1.4000499
PG 9
WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA 646FF
UT WOS:000281522200002
ER
PT J
AU Godwal, BK
Speziale, S
Clark, SM
Yan, J
Jeanloz, R
AF Godwal, B. K.
Speziale, S.
Clark, S. M.
Yan, J.
Jeanloz, R.
TI High pressure equation of state studies using methanol-ethanol-water and
argon as pressure media
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions
CY MAR 28-APR 02, 2009
CL Miami, FL
SP Florida Int Univ, Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit, High Pressure Sci Soc Amer
DE Alloy; High pressure; X-ray diffraction; Equation of state; Electronic
structure
ID ELECTRONIC TOPOLOGICAL TRANSITIONS; ANOMALIES; PHASE; METAL; ZN; CD;
CALIBRATION; GOLD; ZINC; C/A
AB We have measured the equation of state of the intermetallic compound Auln(2) up to 20 GPa and Cd0.8Hg0.2 up to 50 GPa using methanol-ethanol-water solution or argon as pressure media. In the experiments performed with argon as pressure medium, we minimized non-hydrostatic conditions by thermally annealing the sample. We present data revealing compressibility anomalies in Auln(2) at 2.7 GPa and in Cd0.8Hg0.2 near 8, 18 and 34 GPa with methanol-ethanol-water and argon. At pressures above 5 GPa the P-V data for Auln(2) and Cd0.8Hg0.2 from experiments preformed with argon as a pressure medium start deviating from those using methanol-ethanol-water, and the equation of state based on experiments in argon is stiffer compared with that in methanol-ethanol-water. This behavior is consistent with the relative merits of the two pressure transmitting media as documented in the literature. We also provide a brief summary of the results of electronic structure calculations that associate these anomalies with electronic topological transitions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Godwal, B. K.; Clark, S. M.; Jeanloz, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Speziale, S.; Yan, J.] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Div 4 1, D-24473 Potsdam, Germany.
[Clark, S. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Jeanloz, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Godwal, BK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM godwal@berkeley.edu
RI Clark, Simon/B-2041-2013
OI Clark, Simon/0000-0002-7488-3438
NR 39
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 3
U2 23
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0022-3697
EI 1879-2553
J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS
JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 71
IS 8
SI SI
BP 1059
EP 1064
DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2010.03.006
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 639LT
UT WOS:000280977000007
ER
PT J
AU Liermann, HP
Jain, A
Singh, AK
Saxena, SK
AF Liermann, Hanns-Peter
Jain, Anjana
Singh, Anil K.
Saxena, Surendra K.
TI Compression of silver in a diamond anvil cell: Pressure dependences of
strength and grain size from X-ray diffraction data
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions
CY MAR 28-APR 02, 2009
CL Miami, FL
SP Florida Int Univ, Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit, High Pressure Sci Soc Amer
DE High pressure; X-ray diffraction
ID NANOCRYSTALLINE NICKEL; NONHYDROSTATIC COMPRESSION; LATTICE STRAINS;
YIELD STRENGTH; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; TEMPERATURE; STRESS; DEFORMATION;
POWDER; IRON
AB Two silver samples, coarse grained (c-Ag, grain size 300 +/- 30 nm) and nanocrystalline (n-Ag, grain size 55 +/- 6 nm), are compressed in a diamond anvil cell in separate experiments. The pressure is increased in steps of similar to 3 GPa and the diffraction pattern recorded at each pressure. The grain size and compressive strength are determined from the analysis of the diffraction line-widths. The grain size of c-Ag decreases rapidly from 300 +/- 30 nm at ambient pressure to 40 +/- 8 nm at 15 GPa, and then gradually to 20 +/- 3 nm at 40 GPa. After pressure release to ambient condition, the grain size is 25 +/- 4 nm. The strength at ambient pressure is 0.18 +/- 0.05 GPa and increases to 1.0 +/- 0.3 GPa at 40 GPa. The grain size of n-Ag decreases from 55 +/- 6 nm at ambient pressure to 17 +/- 4 nm at 15 GPa and to 14 +/- 3 nm at 55 GPa. After release of pressure to ambient condition, the grain size is 50 +/- 7 nm. The strength increases from 0.51 +/- 0.07 GPa at ambient pressure to 3.5 +/- 0.4 GPa at 55 GPa. The strength is found to vary as the inverse of the square-root of the grain size. The results of the present measurements agree well with the grain-size dependence of strength derived from the hardness versus grain size data at ambient pressure available in the literature. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Jain, Anjana; Singh, Anil K.] Natl Aerosp Labs, Div Mat Sci, Bangalore 560017, Karnataka, India.
[Liermann, Hanns-Peter] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Saxena, Surendra K.] Florida Int Univ, Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit CeSMEC, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
RP Singh, AK (reprint author), Natl Aerosp Labs, Div Mat Sci, Bangalore 560017, Karnataka, India.
EM aksingh@nal.res.in
NR 45
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 13
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0022-3697
J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS
JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 71
IS 8
SI SI
BP 1088
EP 1093
DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2010.03.012
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 639LT
UT WOS:000280977000013
ER
PT J
AU Logvenov, G
Gozar, A
Butko, VY
Bollinger, AT
Bozovic, N
Radovic, Z
Bozovic, I
AF Logvenov, G.
Gozar, A.
Butko, V. Y.
Bollinger, A. T.
Bozovic, N.
Radovic, Z.
Bozovic, I.
TI Comprehensive study of high-T-c interface superconductivity
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions
CY MAR 28-APR 02, 2009
CL Miami, FL
SP Florida Int Univ, Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit, High Pressure Sci Soc Amer
DE Oxides; Thin films; Epitaxial growth; Superconductivity; Crystal
structure
ID THIN-FILMS; TEMPERATURE; LA2CUO4; OXIDES
AB Using ALL-MBE technique, we have synthesized different heterostructures consisting of an insulator La2CuO4 (I) and a metal La1.56Sr0.44CuO4 (M) layer neither of which is superconducting by itself. The M-I bilayers were superconducting with a critical temperature T-c approximate to 30-36 K. This highly robust phenomenon is confined within 1-2 nm from the interface and is primarily caused by the redistribution of doped holes across the interface. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of the interface superconductivity by a range of experimental techniques including transport measurements of superconducting properties. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Logvenov, G.; Gozar, A.; Bollinger, A. T.; Bozovic, I.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Butko, V. Y.] AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia.
[Bozovic, N.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Math, San Jose, CA USA.
[Radovic, Z.] Univ Belgrade, Dept Phys, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
RP Bozovic, I (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM bozovic@bnl.gov
NR 24
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 13
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0022-3697
J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS
JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 71
IS 8
SI SI
BP 1098
EP 1104
DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2010.03.014
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 639LT
UT WOS:000280977000015
ER
PT J
AU Ronnebro, E
AF Ronnebro, Ewa
TI High-pressure techniques for discovering and re-hydrogenation of metal
hydride materials
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions
CY MAR 28-APR 02, 2009
CL Miami, FL
SP Florida Int Univ, Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit, High Pressure Sci Soc Amer
ID MULTI-ANVIL CELL; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; SYNCHROTRON DIFFRACTION;
CALCIUM BOROHYDRIDE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; MAGNESIUM; STORAGE; PHASE;
SYSTEM; COMPLEX
AB This overview will highlight features of the main classes of hydrogen storage materials based on their crystal structures. High-pressure techniques have proven to be a useful approach to rapidly discover light-weight, high-capacity hydrogen storage materials in the solid state. Focus will be on three different materials systems; magnesium-based transition metal hydrides, alanates and borohydrides, their crystal structures and properties, prepared by high-pressure sintering, high-energy ball milling or in a cubic anvil. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ronnebro, Ewa] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Ronnebro, E (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM ewa.ronnebro@pnl.gov
NR 46
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 15
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0022-3697
J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS
JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 71
IS 8
SI SI
BP 1154
EP 1158
DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2010.03.025
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 639LT
UT WOS:000280977000026
ER
PT J
AU Veprek, S
Prilliman, SG
Clark, SM
AF Veprek, Stan
Prilliman, Stephen G.
Clark, Simon M.
TI Elastic moduli of nc-TiN/a-Si3N4 nanocomposites: Compressible, yet
superhard
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions
CY MAR 28-APR 02, 2009
CL Miami, FL
SP Florida Int Univ, Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit, High Pressure Sci Soc Amer
DE Nanostructures; X-ray Diffraction; Microstructure
ID HARDNESS ENHANCEMENT; RHENIUM DIBORIDE; COATINGS; PRESSURE; DEPOSITION;
SEARCH; SOLIDS; ORIGIN; OSMIUM; OXYGEN
AB Earlier measurements of elastic moduli of nc-TiN/a-Si3N4 nanocomposites of different composition and hardness by means of vibrating reed and surface Brillouing scattering, that yield Young's and shear modulus, as well as the Poisson's ratio, have been confirmed by high-pressure X-ray diffraction measurements, that yield bulk modulus. It is found that elastic moduli of all measured samples are essentially the same within relatively small error of measurements, and only slightly lower than that of pure TiN. The nanocomposites are superhard thanks to their unique nanostructure with strengthened SiNx interface. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Clark, Simon M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Veprek, Stan] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Chem, D-85747 Garching, Germany.
[Prilliman, Stephen G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Clark, Simon M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Prilliman, Stephen G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Clark, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM smclark@lbl.gov
RI Veprek, Stan/C-1248-2008; Clark, Simon/B-2041-2013;
OI Veprek, Stan/0000-0002-6016-3093; Clark, Simon/0000-0002-7488-3438;
Prilliman, Stephen/0000-0002-9699-3638
NR 44
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 11
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0022-3697
J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS
JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 71
IS 8
SI SI
BP 1175
EP 1178
DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2010.03.029
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 639LT
UT WOS:000280977000030
ER
PT J
AU Yan, JY
Knight, J
Kunz, M
Raju, SV
Chen, B
Gleason, AE
Godwal, BK
Geballe, Z
Jeanloz, R
Clark, SM
AF Yan, Jinyuan
Knight, Jason
Kunz, Martin
Raju, Selva Vennila
Chen, Bin
Gleason, Arianna E.
Godwal, Budhiram K.
Geballe, Zack
Jeanloz, Raymond
Clark, Simon M.
TI The resistive-heating characterization of laser heating system and LaB6
characterization of X-ray diffraction of beamline 12.2.2 at advanced
light source
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions
CY MAR 28-APR 02, 2009
CL Miami, FL
SP Florida Int Univ, Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit, High Pressure Sci Soc Amer
ID DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; HIGH-PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE
AB X-ray diffraction from LaB6 standards document a precision of 478 ppm in lattice-parameter determinations for beamline 12.2.2 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Advanced Light Source, a facility for characterizing materials at high pressures and temperatures using laser- and resistance-heated diamond cells. Melting of Ni, Mo, Pt and W, resistively heated at 1 atm pressure in Ar, provides a validation of the beamline spectroradiometric system that is used to determine sample temperatures. The known melting temperatures, which range from 1665 to 3860 K for these metals, are all reproduced to within +/-80 K. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Yan, Jinyuan; Knight, Jason; Kunz, Martin; Raju, Selva Vennila; Chen, Bin; Clark, Simon M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Yan, Jinyuan; Raju, Selva Vennila; Chen, Bin; Gleason, Arianna E.; Godwal, Budhiram K.; Geballe, Zack; Jeanloz, Raymond; Clark, Simon M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Yan, JY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM jyan@lbl.gov
RI Kunz, Martin/K-4491-2012; Clark, Simon/B-2041-2013
OI Kunz, Martin/0000-0001-9769-9900; Clark, Simon/0000-0002-7488-3438
NR 15
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 6
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0022-3697
J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS
JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 71
IS 8
SI SI
BP 1179
EP 1182
DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2010.03.030
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 639LT
UT WOS:000280977000031
ER
PT J
AU Henzlova, D
Botvina, AS
Schmidt, KH
Henzl, V
Napolitani, P
Ricciardi, MV
AF Henzlova, D.
Botvina, A. S.
Schmidt, K-H
Henzl, V.
Napolitani, P.
Ricciardi, M. V.
TI Symmetry energy of fragments produced in multifragmentation
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID PHASE-TRANSITION; STATISTICAL MULTIFRAGMENTATION; THERMAL
MULTIFRAGMENTATION; NUCLEI; COLLISIONS; TEMPERATURE; MASS; SPECTATORS;
PROTONS; ISOSPIN
AB Isospin properties of fragments measured in multifragmentation of Xe-136 and Xe-124 projectiles in mid-peripheral collisions with a lead target at 1 A GeV were studied within the statistical approach describing the liquid-gas nuclear phase transition. By analyzing the isoscaling phenomenon and the mean N/Z ratio of the fragments with Z = 10-13 we have concluded that the symmetry energy of hot fragments produced in a multifragment environment at subnuclear densities at high temperatures decreases in comparison with cold nuclei.
C1 [Henzlova, D.; Schmidt, K-H; Henzl, V.; Ricciardi, M. V.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany.
[Botvina, A. S.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia.
[Napolitani, P.] Univ Paris 11, IPN Orsay, CNRS IN2 P3, F-91406 Orsay, France.
RP Henzlova, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Safeguards Sci & Technol Grp N1, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
FU GSI
FX One of the authors (A S Botvina) thanks GSI for warm hospitality and
support. We thank F Gulminelli, W Trautmann and M B Tsang for
illuminating discussions. The experimental analysis in this work forms
part of the PhD thesis of D Henzlova.
NR 45
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0954-3899
J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC
JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 37
IS 8
AR 085010
DI 10.1088/0954-3899/37/8/085010
PG 11
WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA 623BS
UT WOS:000279712600012
ER
PT J
AU Shao, M
Yi, L
Tang, ZB
Chen, HF
Li, C
Xu, ZB
AF Shao, Ming
Yi, Li
Tang, Zebo
Chen, Hongfang
Li, Cheng
Xu, Zhangbu
TI Examination of the species and beam energy dependence of particle
spectra using Tsallis statistics
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM
DISTRIBUTIONS; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; PB-PB COLLISIONS;
J/PSI-PRODUCTION; D+AU COLLISIONS; FREEZE-OUT; NONEXTENSIVITY;
COLLABORATION
AB Tsallis statistics was used to investigate the non-Boltzmann distribution of particle spectra and their dependence on particle species and beam energy in the relativistic heavy-ion collisions at SPS and RHIC. Produced particles are assumed to acquire radial flow and be of non-extensive statistics at freeze-out. J/psi, and the particles containing strangeness were examined separately to study their radial flow and freeze-out. We found that the strange hadrons approach equilibrium quickly from peripheral to central A+A collisions and they tend to decouple earlier from the system than the light hadrons but with the same final radial flow. These results provide an alternative picture of freeze-outs: a thermalized system is produced at the partonic phase; the hadronic scattering at a later stage is not enough to maintain the system in equilibrium and does not increase the radial flow of the copiously produced light hadrons. The J/psi in Pb+Pb collisions at SPS is consistent with early decoupling and obtains little radial flow. The J/psi spectra at RHIC are also inconsistent with the bulk flow profile.
C1 [Shao, Ming; Yi, Li; Tang, Zebo; Chen, Hongfang; Li, Cheng; Xu, Zhangbu] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Modern Phys, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China.
[Xu, Zhangbu] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Shao, M (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Modern Phys, 96 Jinzhai Rd, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China.
EM zbtang@mail.ustc.edu.cn
RI Tang, Zebo/A-9939-2014;
OI Tang, Zebo/0000-0002-4247-0081; Yi, Li/0000-0002-7512-2657
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [10775131, 10805046,
10835005]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Offices of NP and HEP
within the US DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX The authors thank Drs Lijuan Ruan, Paul Sorensen, Fuqiang Wang, Pengfei
Zhuang, Huanzhong Huang, Gene van Buren, Bedanga Mohanty, Nu Xu, Jean
Cleymans and Jun Takahashi for valuable discussions and Dr Enrico
Scomparin for providing us with the NA60 J/psi data points. This work
was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of
China under grants 10775131, 10805046 and 10835005. Zebo Tang is
supported in part by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded
project. Zhangbu Xu is supported in part by the PECASE grant and by the
grant DE-AC02-98CH10886 from the Offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE
Office of Science.
NR 56
TC 40
Z9 41
U1 0
U2 7
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0954-3899
EI 1361-6471
J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC
JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 37
IS 8
AR 085104
DI 10.1088/0954-3899/37/8/085104
PG 10
WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA 623BS
UT WOS:000279712600018
ER
PT J
AU Tucker, MC
AF Tucker, Michael C.
TI Progress in metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells: A review
SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
LA English
DT Review
DE SOFC; Metal-supported; Fuel cell materials
ID DIFFUSION BARRIER LAYERS; GADOLINIA-DOPED CERIA;
ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SOFC; INTERCONNECT; ANODE; ELECTROLYTE;
DEPOSITION; OXIDATION; SCALES
AB Metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells provide significant advantages over conventional ceramic cells, including low materials cost, ruggedness, and tolerance to rapid thermal cycling and redox cycling. Various metal-supported cell designs have been developed, utilizing a range of electrolyte, electrode, and support materials prepared by various fabrication and deposition techniques. This paper reviews the current state of metal-supported cell technology and suggests opportunities for further development. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Tucker, MC (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 62-203, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM mctucker@lbl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under
Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The author thanks Grace Lau, Tal
Sholklapper, Steve Visco, and Lutgard DeJonghe for helpful discussion.
Special thanks go to Craig Jacobson for providing training and sharing
his deep insight during my years as a newcomer to this field.
NR 75
TC 167
Z9 171
U1 19
U2 173
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-7753
J9 J POWER SOURCES
JI J. Power Sources
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 195
IS 15
BP 4570
EP 4582
DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.02.035
PG 13
WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials
Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science
GA 598FN
UT WOS:000277820500003
ER
PT J
AU Shao, YY
Zhang, S
Wang, CM
Nie, ZM
Liu, J
Wang, Y
Lin, YH
AF Shao, Yuyan
Zhang, Sheng
Wang, Chongmin
Nie, Zimin
Liu, Jun
Wang, Yong
Lin, Yuehe
TI Highly durable graphene nanoplatelets supported Pt nanocatalysts for
oxygen reduction
SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Graphene nanoplatelets; Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell; Oxygen
reduction; Durability; Carbon nanotubes
ID PEM FUEL-CELL; CARBON NANOTUBES; FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE; PLATINUM
NANOPARTICLES; METHANOL OXIDATION; MESOPOROUS CARBON; CATALYST SUPPORT;
GRAPHITE; DURABILITY; ELECTROCATALYSTS
AB We report graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), which exhibit the advantages of both single-layer graphene and highly graphitic carbon, as a durable alternative support material for Pt nanoparticles for oxygen reduction in fuel cells. Pt nanoparticles are deposited on poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA)-coated GNP, and characterized with transmission electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, and electrochemical tests. Pt/GNP exhibits greatly enhanced electrochemical durability (2-3 times that of Pt/CNT and commercial Etek Pt/C). These are attributed to the intrinsic high graphitization degree of GNP and the enhanced Pt-carbon interaction in Pt/GNP. If considering that GNP can be easily mass produced from graphite. GNP is a promising, low-cost, and durable electrocatalyst support for oxygen reduction in fuel cells. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Shao, Yuyan; Zhang, Sheng; Wang, Chongmin; Nie, Zimin; Liu, Jun; Wang, Yong; Lin, Yuehe] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Wang, Yong] Washington State Univ, Gene & Linda Voiland Sch Engn & Bioengn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM yongwang@pnl.gov; yuehe.lin@pnl.gov
RI Zhang, Sheng/H-2452-2011; Shao, Yuyan/A-9911-2008; Lin,
Yuehe/D-9762-2011; Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013
OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0001-7532-1923; Shao, Yuyan/0000-0001-5735-2670; Lin,
Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587;
FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-76L01830]; DOE's Office of Biological and
Environmental Research
FX This work is partially supported by the U.S. DOE-EERE HFCIT Program. The
characterization was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user
facility sponsored by the DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental
Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL).
PNNL is operated by Battelle for DOE under Contract DE-AC05-76L01830. S.
Zhang acknowledges a fellowship from China Scholarship Council and PNNL.
NR 58
TC 225
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U1 34
U2 250
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-7753
EI 1873-2755
J9 J POWER SOURCES
JI J. Power Sources
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 195
IS 15
BP 4600
EP 4605
DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.02.044
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials
Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science
GA 598FN
UT WOS:000277820500006
ER
PT J
AU Walz, KA
Johnson, CS
Genthe, J
Stoiber, LC
Zeltner, WA
Anderson, MA
Thackeray, MM
AF Walz, Kenneth A.
Johnson, Christopher S.
Genthe, Jamie
Stoiber, Lucas C.
Zeltner, Walter A.
Anderson, Marc A.
Thackeray, Michael M.
TI Elevated temperature cycling stability and electrochemical impedance of
LiMn2O4 cathodes with nanoporous ZrO2 and TiO2 coatings
SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Battery; Lithium-ion; Spinel; Coating; TiO2; ZrO2
ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; MANGANESE OXIDE SPINEL; CAPACITY FADE; CO
ELECTRODES; PERFORMANCE; CELLS; MN; 55-DEGREES-C; DISSOLUTION; CARBONATE
AB In this study, nanoporous zirconia (ZrO2) and Mania (TiO2) coatings are shown to stabilize the cycling performance of lithium-ion batteries with Li Mn2O4 spinel cathodes. The effect of firing temperature on the coating pore size is discussed and the resulting performance of the coated cathodes is evaluated. Stabilization mechanisms, such as neutralization of acidic electrolytes by ZrO2 and TiO2 coatings, are examined. It is proposed that the establishment of a complex nanoporous network for lithium-ion transport results in a more uniform current distribution at the particle surface, thereby suppressing capacity fade that may be associated with surface instabilities of the spinel electrode. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Walz, Kenneth A.; Genthe, Jamie; Stoiber, Lucas C.; Zeltner, Walter A.; Anderson, Marc A.] Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Johnson, Christopher S.; Thackeray, Michael M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Walz, KA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, 660 N Pk St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM kawalz@wisc.edu
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX Jennifer Jackowski assisted in the preparation of this manuscript.
Isabel Tejedor, Louise Tortorelli, Amy Suyama and Wendy Suyama were
instrumental in the development and preparation of ZrO2 and
TiO2 coating materials. Kevin Lauzze and Jeom-Soo Kim
provided assistance in the preparation of cathode laminates and lithium
battery assembly. Financial support for MMT and CSJ from the Office of
Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No.
DE-AC02-06CH11357 is gratefully acknowledged.
NR 73
TC 63
Z9 65
U1 3
U2 82
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-7753
J9 J POWER SOURCES
JI J. Power Sources
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 195
IS 15
BP 4943
EP 4951
DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.03.007
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials
Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science
GA 598FN
UT WOS:000277820500052
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, ZC
Zhang, L
Schlueter, JA
Redfern, PC
Curtiss, L
Amine, K
AF Zhang, Zhengcheng
Zhang, Lu
Schlueter, John A.
Redfern, Paul C.
Curtiss, Larry
Amine, Khalil
TI Understanding the redox shuttle stability of
3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-dimethoxybenzene for overcharge protection of
lithium-ion batteries
SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-1,2-dimethoxybezene; Redox shuttle; Overcharge
protection; Lithium-ion batteries
ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORIES; TETRAHYDROFURAN SOLUTIONS; ADDITIVES;
CELLS; COMPUTATION; GAUSSIAN-2; POTENTIALS
AB 3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-dimethoxybenzene (DBDB) has been synthesized as a new redox shuttle additive for overcharge protection of lithium-ion batteries. DBDB can easily dissolve in carbonate-based electrolytes, which facilitates its practical use in lithium-ion batteries: however, it has poor electrochemical stability compared to 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-dimethoxybenzene (DDB). The structures of DBDB and DDB were investigated using X-ray crystallography and density functional calculations. The structures differ in the conformations of the alkoxy bonds probably due to the formation of an intramolecular hydrogen bond in the case of DBDB. We investigated reaction energies for decomposition pathways of neutral DBDB and DDB and their radical cations and found little difference in the reaction energies, although it is clear that kinetically, decomposition of DBDB is more favorable. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Zhang, Zhengcheng; Zhang, Lu; Redfern, Paul C.; Curtiss, Larry; Amine, Khalil] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Schlueter, John A.; Curtiss, Larry] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Curtiss, Larry] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Zhang, ZC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 205, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM zzhang@anl.gov; amine@anl.gov
RI Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0Z-06CH11357]; FreedomCAR; Vehicle
Technologies Office
FX This research is supported by U.S. Department of Energy, FreedomCAR and
Vehicle Technologies Office. Argonne National Laboratory is operated for
the U.S. Department of Energy by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract
DE-AC0Z-06CH11357. The authors thank Dr. Zonghai Chen for the helpful
discussions.
NR 28
TC 33
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 27
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-7753
EI 1873-2755
J9 J POWER SOURCES
JI J. Power Sources
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 195
IS 15
BP 4957
EP 4962
DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.02.075
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials
Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science
GA 598FN
UT WOS:000277820500054
ER
PT J
AU Pol, VG
Kang, SH
Calderon-Moreno, JM
Johnson, CS
Thackeray, MM
AF Pol, Vilas G.
Kang, Sun-Ho
Calderon-Moreno, Jose M.
Johnson, Christopher S.
Thackeray, Michael M.
TI Autogenic reactions for preparing carbon-encapsulated, nanoparticulate
TiO2 electrodes for lithium-ion batteries
SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Anatase; Titania; Core shell nanostructures; Carbon; Anode; Lithium-ion
batteries
ID ANATASE-TYPE TIO2; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; HIGH-CAPACITY; HIGH-POWER;
PERFORMANCE; LI; INTERCALATION; PRESSURE; CATHODES; RUTILE
AB We report an anhydrous, autogenic technique for synthesizing electronically interconnected, carbon-encapsulated, nanoparticulate anatase anode materials (TiO2-C) for lithium-ion batteries. The TiO2-C nanoparticles provide a reversible capacity of similar to 200 mAh g(-1), which exceeds the theoretical capacity of the commercially attractive spine! anode, Li4Ti5O12 (175 mAh g(-1)) and is competitive with the capacity reported for other TiO2 products. The processing method is extremely versatile and has implications for preparing, in a single step, a wide variety of electrochemically active compounds that are coated, in situ, with carbon. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Pol, Vilas G.; Kang, Sun-Ho; Johnson, Christopher S.; Thackeray, Michael M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Electrochem Energy Storage Dept, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Calderon-Moreno, Jose M.] Acad Romana, Inst Phys Chem Ilie Murgulescu, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
RP Pol, VG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Electrochem Energy Storage Dept, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM pol@anl.gov
RI Kang, Sun-Ho/E-7570-2010; Calderon Moreno, Jose/B-2867-2008
OI Calderon Moreno, Jose/0000-0001-8376-9082
NR 29
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 2
U2 40
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-7753
J9 J POWER SOURCES
JI J. Power Sources
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 195
IS 15
BP 5039
EP 5043
DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.02.072
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials
Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science
GA 598FN
UT WOS:000277820500066
ER
PT J
AU Sethuraman, VA
Chon, MJ
Shimshak, M
Srinivasan, V
Guduru, PR
AF Sethuraman, Vijay A.
Chon, Michael J.
Shimshak, Maxwell
Srinivasan, Venkat
Guduru, Pradeep R.
TI In situ measurements of stress evolution in silicon thin films during
electrochemical lithiation and delithiation
SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Silicon anode; Lithium-ion battery; Multi-beam optical sensor (MOS);
Mechanical dissipation; In situ stress measurement; Open-circuit
relaxation
ID SOLID-STATE AMORPHIZATION; SURFACE STRESS; ION BATTERIES; ELECTRODES;
ANODES; OXIDATION; SYSTEM; CELLS; LI
AB We report in situ measurements of stress evolution in a silicon thin-film electrode during electrochemical lithiation and delithiation by using the multi-beam optical sensor (MOS) technique. Upon lithiation, due to substrate constraint, the silicon electrode initially undergoes elastic deformation, resulting in rapid rise of compressive stress. The electrode begins to deform plastically at a compressive stress of ca. -1.75 GPa; subsequent lithiation results in continued plastic strain, dissipating mechanical energy. Upon delithiation, the electrode first undergoes elastic straining in the opposite direction, leading to a tensile stress of ca. 1 GPa; subsequently, it deforms plastically during the rest of delithiation. The plastic flow stress evolves continuously with lithium concentration. Thus, mechanical energy is dissipated in plastic deformation during both lithiation and delithiation, and it can be calculated from the stress measurements: we show that it is comparable to the polarization loss. Upon current interruption, both the film stress and the electrode potential relax with similar time constants, suggesting that stress contributes significantly to the chemical potential of lithiated silicon. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Sethuraman, Vijay A.; Chon, Michael J.; Shimshak, Maxwell; Guduru, Pradeep R.] Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
[Sethuraman, Vijay A.; Srinivasan, Venkat] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Sethuraman, VA (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Engn, 182 Hope St, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
EM vj@cal.berkeley.edu; Pradeep_Guduru@Brown.edu
RI Sethuraman, Vijay/E-5702-2010
OI Sethuraman, Vijay/0000-0003-4624-1355
FU Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office
of Vehicle Technologies; United States Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Materials Research, Science and Engineering Center
(MRSEC); United States National Science Foundation [DMR0520651]
FX Authors at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory gratefully
acknowledge the support by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies, the United States
Department of Energy, under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Authors at
Brown University gratefully acknowledge the support by the Materials
Research, Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) sponsored by the United
States National Science Foundation, under contract no. DMR0520651.
Helpful discussions with Professor Allan Bower (Brown University) are
gratefully acknowledged.
NR 29
TC 224
Z9 233
U1 15
U2 175
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-7753
J9 J POWER SOURCES
JI J. Power Sources
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 195
IS 15
BP 5062
EP 5066
DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.02.013
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials
Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science
GA 598FN
UT WOS:000277820500071
ER
PT J
AU Shen, YF
Tolic, N
Purvine, SO
Smith, RD
AF Shen, Yufeng
Tolic, Nikola
Purvine, Samuel O.
Smith, Richard D.
TI Identification of Disulfide Bonds in Protein Proteolytic Degradation
Products Using de novo-Protein Unique Sequence Tags Approach
SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Peptidome; disulfide bonds; peptides; de-novo sequencing; unique
sequence tags; tandem mass spectrometry; plasma
ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COMPLEMENT; COMPONENTS; ACTIVATION; LINKAGES; MS
AB Disulfide bonds are a form of post-translational modification that often determines protein structure(s) and function(s). In this work, we report a mass spectrometry method for identification of disulfides in degradation products of proteins, specifically endogenous peptides in the human blood plasma peptidome. LC-Fourier transform tandem mass spectrometry (FT MS/MS) was used for acquiring mass spectra that were de novo sequenced and then searched against the IPI human protein database. Through the use of unique sequence tags (UStags), we unambiguously correlated the spectra to specific database proteins. Examination of the UStags' prefix and/or suffix sequences that contain cysteine(s) in conjunction with sequences of the UStags-specified database proteins is shown to enable the unambigious determination of disulfide bonds. Using this method, we identified the intermolecular and intramolecular disulfides in human blood plasma peptidome peptides that have molecular weights of up to similar to 10 kDa.
C1 [Shen, Yufeng; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
[Tolic, Nikola; Purvine, Samuel O.; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
RP Shen, YF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
EM Yufeng.shen@pnl.gov; rds@pnl.gov
RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012
OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349
FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental
Research (DOE/BEE); NIH National Center for Research Resources [ER
18522]; DOE [DE-AC05-76RLO-1830]
FX Portions of this research were supported by the U.S. Department of
Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research (DOE/BEE) and the
NIH National Center for Research Resources (ER 18522). Work was
performed in the Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, a DOE/BEE
national scientific user facility located on the campus of Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in Richland, Washington. PNNI., is
a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle Memorial
Institute for the DOE under contract DE-AC05-76RLO-1830.
NR 25
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1535-3893
J9 J PROTEOME RES
JI J. Proteome Res.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 9
IS 8
BP 4053
EP 4060
DI 10.1021/pr1002559
PG 8
WC Biochemical Research Methods
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 634LT
UT WOS:000280583700027
PM 20590115
ER
PT J
AU Angeles, ME
Gonzalez, JE
Erickson, DJ
Hernandez, JL
AF Angeles, M. E.
Gonzalez, J. E.
Erickson, D. J., III
Hernandez, J. L.
TI The Impacts of Climate Changes on the Renewable Energy Resources in the
Caribbean Region
SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
LA English
DT Article
DE IPCC; PCM; RAMS; climate change; future Caribbean insolation; future
Caribbean wind speed
ID TROPICAL ATLANTIC; SOLAR-RADIATION; SIMULATIONS; RAINFALL; AMERICA;
MODEL
AB Assessment of renewable energy resources such as surface solar radiation and wind current has great relevance in the development of local and regional energy policies. This paper examines the variability and availability of these resources as a function of possible climate changes for the Caribbean region. Global climate changes have been reported in the last decades, causing changes in the atmospheric dynamics, which affects the net solar radiation balance at the surface and the wind strength and direction. For this investigation, the future climate changes for the Caribbean are predicted using the parallel climate model (PCM) and it is coupled with the numerical model regional atmospheric modeling system (RAMS) to simulate the solar and wind energy spatial patterns changes for the specific case of the island of Puerto Rico. Numerical results from PCM indicate that the Caribbean basin from 2041 to 2055 will experience a slight decrease in the net surface solar radiation (with respect to the years 1996-2010), which is more pronounced in the western Caribbean sea. Results also indicate that the easterly winds have a tendency to increase in its magnitude, especially from the years 2070 to 2098. The regional model showed that important areas to collect solar energy are located in the eastern side of Puerto Rico, while the more intense wind speed is placed around the coast. A future climate change is expected in the Caribbean that will result in higher energy demands, but both renewable energy sources will have enough intensity to be used in the future as alternative energy resources to mitigate future climate changes. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4001475]
C1 [Angeles, M. E.] Univ Puerto Rico Mayaguez, Dept Mech Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA.
[Gonzalez, J. E.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA.
[Erickson, D. J., III] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Hernandez, J. L.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
RP Angeles, ME (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico Mayaguez, Dept Mech Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA.
EM moises@me.uprm.edu
RI Rinaldi2, Carlos/D-4479-2011
FU NASA-EPSCOR [NCC5-595]; NOAA-CREST [NA06OAR4810162]
FX This work was sponsored by the NASA-EPSCOR under Grant No. NCC5-595 and
the NOAA-CREST under Grant No. NA06OAR4810162. The simulations were
conducted at the High Performance Computing Facilities at UPR Rio
Piedras. The authors acknowledge Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Computer
Science and Mathematics Division for the assistance and invaluable
support in providing the appropriate PCM outputs.
NR 34
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 11
PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 0199-6231
J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME
JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 132
IS 3
AR 031009
DI 10.1115/1.4001475
PG 13
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 633HC
UT WOS:000280491400009
ER
PT J
AU Ho, CK
Kolb, GJ
AF Ho, Clifford K.
Kolb, Gregory J.
TI Incorporating Uncertainty into Probabilistic Performance Models of
Concentrating Solar Power Plants
SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
LA English
DT Article
AB A method for applying probabilistic models to concentrating solar-thermal power plants is described in this paper. The benefits of using probabilistic models include quantification of uncertainties inherent in the system and characterization of their impact on system performance and economics. Sensitivity studies using stepwise regression analysis can identify and rank the most important parameters and processes as a means to prioritize future research and activities. The probabilistic method begins with the identification of uncertain variables and the assignment of appropriate distributions for those variables. Those parameters are then sampled using a stratified method (Latin hypercube sampling) to ensure complete and representative sampling from each distribution. Models of performance, reliability, and cost are then simulated multiple times using the sampled set of parameters. The results yield a cumulative distribution function that can be used to quantify the probability of exceeding (or being less than) a particular value. Two examples, a simple cost model and a more detailed performance model of a hypothetical 100-MW(e) power tower, are provided to illustrate the methods. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4001468]
C1 [Ho, Clifford K.; Kolb, Gregory J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Solar Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Ho, CK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Solar Technol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM ckho@sandia.gov
RI Barley, Kamal/F-9579-2011
OI Barley, Kamal/0000-0003-1874-9813
FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security
Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a
Lockheed Martin Co. for the United States Department of Energy's
National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No.
DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 19
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 3
PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 0199-6231
J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME
JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 132
IS 3
AR 031012
DI 10.1115/1.4001468
PG 8
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 633HC
UT WOS:000280491400012
ER
PT J
AU Martinek, J
Channel, M
Lewandowski, A
Weimer, AW
AF Martinek, Janna
Channel, Melinda
Lewandowski, Allan
Weimer, Alan W.
TI Considerations for the Design of Solar-Thermal Chemical Processes
SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; THERMOCHEMICAL CYCLE; THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS;
WATER; TEMPERATURE; HEAT; ENERGY
AB A methodology is presented for the design of solar thermal chemical processes. The solar receiver efficiency for the high temperature step, defined herein as the ratio of the enthalpy change resulting from the process occurring in the receiver to the solar energy input, is limited by the solar energy absorption efficiency. When using this definition of receiver efficiency, both the optimal reactor temperature for a given solar concentration ratio and the solar concentration required to achieve a given temperature and efficiency shift to lower values than those dictated by the Carnot limitation on the system efficiency for the conversion of heat to work. Process and solar field design considerations were investigated for ZnO and NiFe(2)O(4) "ferrite" spinel water splitting cycles with concentration ratios of roughly 2000, 4000, and 8000 suns to assess the implications of using reduced solar concentration. Solar field design and determination of field efficiency were accomplished using ray trace modeling of the optical components. Annual solar efficiency increased while heliostat area decreased with increasing concentration due to shading and blocking effects. The heliostat fields designed using system efficiency for the conversion of heat to work were found to be overdesigned by up to 21% compared with those designed using the receiver efficiency alone. Overall efficiencies of 13-20% were determined for a "ferrite" based water splitting process with thermal reduction conversions in the range of 35-100%. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4001474]
C1 [Martinek, Janna; Channel, Melinda; Weimer, Alan W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Lewandowski, Allan] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Weimer, AW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM alan.weimer@colorado.edu
RI Dom, Rekha/B-7113-2012
FU Department of Education Graduate Assistanceships in Areas of National
Need (GAANN); U.S. Department of Energy; Department of Agriculture
[DE-FG06-05GO15044, DE-PS36-03GO93007]; CSREES [68-3A75-7-605]
FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Department of Education
Graduate Assistanceships in Areas of National Need (GAANN) program for
financial support and the U.S. Department of Energy and the Department
of Agriculture for support under Grant Nos. DE-FG06-05GO15044 and
DE-PS36-03GO93007 as well as CSREES 68-3A75-7-605.
NR 20
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 17
PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 0199-6231
J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME
JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 132
IS 3
AR 031013
DI 10.1115/1.4001474
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 633HC
UT WOS:000280491400013
ER
PT J
AU Moens, L
Blake, DM
AF Moens, Luc
Blake, Daniel M.
TI Mechanism of Hydrogen Formation in Solar Parabolic Trough Receivers
SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
LA English
DT Article
DE parabolic trough receivers; hydrogen; heat transfer fluid; diphenyl
oxide; biphenyl
ID POLYPHENYL ETHERS; ORGANIC COOLANTS; DIPHENYL
AB Solar parabolic trough systems for electricity production are receiving renewed attention, and new solar plants are under construction to help meet the growing demands of the power market in the Western United States. The growing solar trough industry will rely on operating experience it has gained over the last two decades. Recently, researchers found that trough plants that use organic heat transfer fluids (HTFs) such as Therminol VP-1 are experiencing significant heat losses in the receiver tubes. The cause has been traced back to the accumulation of excess hydrogen gas in the vacuum annulus that surrounds the steel receiver tube, thus compromising the thermal insulation of the receiver. The hydrogen gas is formed during the thermal decomposition of the organic HTF that circulates inside the receiver loop, and the installation of hydrogen getters inside the annulus has proven to be insufficient for controlling the hydrogen buildup over the lifetime of the receivers. This paper will provide an overview of the chemical literature dealing with the thermal decomposition of diphenyl oxide and biphenyl, which are the two constituents of Therminol VP-1. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4001402]
C1 [Moens, Luc; Blake, Daniel M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Moens, L (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM luc_moens@nrel.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-99GO10337]
FX The authors wish to thank the U.S. Department of Energy for the
continued support of the Concentrating Solar Power Program. This work
has been authored by an employee of the Midwest Research Institute under
Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The
publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that
the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up,
irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published
form of this work, or allow others to do so, for United States
Government purposes.
NR 30
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 7
PU ASME
PI NEW YORK
PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 0199-6231
EI 1528-8986
J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME
JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 132
IS 3
AR 031006
DI 10.1115/1.4001402
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 633HC
UT WOS:000280491400006
ER
PT J
AU Bouchet, F
Corvellec, M
AF Bouchet, Freddy
Corvellec, Marianne
TI Invariant measures of the 2D Euler and Vlasov equations
SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE rigorous results in statistical mechanics; turbulence
ID LONG-RANGE INTERACTIONS; NONLINEAR SCHRODINGER-EQUATION;
NEGATIVE-TEMPERATURE STATES; PERFECT FLUID-DYNAMICS; GUIDING-CENTER
PLASMA; GREAT RED SPOT; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; STELLAR-SYSTEMS;
2-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; HAMILTONIAN DESCRIPTION
AB We discuss invariant measures of partial differential equations such as the 2D Euler or Vlasov equations. For the 2D Euler equations, starting from the Liouville theorem, valid for N-dimensional approximations of the dynamics, we define the microcanonical measure as a limit measure where N goes to infinity. When only the energy and enstrophy invariants are taken into account, we give an explicit computation to prove the following result: the microcanonical measure is actually a Young measure corresponding to the maximization of a mean-field entropy. We explain why this result remains true for more general microcanonical measures, when all the dynamical invariants are taken into account. We give an explicit proof that these microcanonical measures are invariant measures for the dynamics of the 2D Euler equations. We describe a more general set of invariant measures and discuss briefly their stability and their consequence for the ergodicity of the 2D Euler equations. The extension of these results to the Vlasov equations is also discussed, together with a proof of the uniqueness of statistical equilibria, for Vlasov equations with repulsive convex potentials. Even if we consider, in this paper, invariant measures only for Hamiltonian equations, with no fluxes of conserved quantities, we think this work is an important step towards the description of non-equilibrium invariant measures with fluxes.
C1 [Bouchet, Freddy; Corvellec, Marianne] UNS, CNRS, INLN, F-06560 Valbonne, France.
[Bouchet, Freddy] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, LANL, MS B258, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Corvellec, Marianne] Univ Lyon, Phys Lab, CNRS, ENS Lyon, F-69364 Lyon 07, France.
RP Bouchet, F (reprint author), UNS, CNRS, INLN, 1361 Route Lucioles, F-06560 Valbonne, France.
EM Freddy.Bouchet@ens-lyon.fr; Marianne.Corvellec@ens-lyon.fr
NR 72
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 2
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1742-5468
J9 J STAT MECH-THEORY E
JI J. Stat. Mech.-Theory Exp.
PD AUG
PY 2010
AR P08021
DI 10.1088/1742-5468/2010/08/P08021
PG 45
WC Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical
SC Mechanics; Physics
GA 649CM
UT WOS:000281744800010
ER
PT J
AU Barone, TL
Storey, JME
Domingo, N
AF Barone, Teresa L.
Storey, John M. E.
Domingo, Norberto
TI An Analysis of Field-Aged Diesel Particulate Filter Performance:
Particle Emissions before, during, and after Regeneration
SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; TRAP REGENERATION
AB A field-aged, passive diesel particulate filter (DPF) used in a school bus retrofit program was evaluated for emissions of particle mass and number concentration before, during, and after regeneration. For the particle mass measurements, filter samples were collected for gravimetric analysis with a partial flow sampling system, which sampled proportionally to the exhaust flow. A condensation particle counter and scanning mobility particle sizer measured total number concentration and number-size distributions, respectively. The results of the evaluation show that the number concentration emissions decreased as the DPF became loaded with soot. However, after soot removal by regeneration, the number concentration emissions were approximately 20 times greater, which suggests the importance of the soot layer in helping to trap particles. Contrary to the number concentration results, particle mass emissions decreased from 6 +/- 1 mg/hp-hr before regeneration to 3 +/- 2 mg/hp-hr after regeneration. This indicates that nanoparticles with diameters less than 50 nm may have been emitted after regeneration because these particles contribute little to the total mass. Overall, average particle emission reductions of 95% by mass and 10,000-fold by number concentration after 4 yr of use provided evidence of the durability of a field-aged DPF. In contrast to previous reports for new DPFs in which elevated number concentrations occurred during the first 200 sec of a transient cycle, the number concentration emissions were elevated during the second half of the heavy-duty Federal Test Procedure (FTP) when high speed was sustained. This information is relevant for the analysis of mechanisms by which particles are emitted from field-aged DPFs.
C1 [Barone, Teresa L.; Storey, John M. E.; Domingo, Norberto] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37934 USA.
RP Barone, TL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, NTRC Bldg,2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37934 USA.
EM baronetl@oml.gov
FU EPA [DW-89-92253101-0]
FX The authors thank Dennis Johnson and Jim Blubaugh of the EPA Office of
Transportation and Air Quality for providing the impetus for the study.
In addition, the authors appreciate Ron Graves, Director of the Fuels,
Engines, and Emissions Research Center of Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
for additional support of the engine research facilities. The project
was supported by EPA interagency agreement DW-89-92253101-0. The
research has not been subjected to the EPA peer and policy review and
therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency and no
official endorsement should be inferred.
NR 38
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 12
PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC
PI PITTSBURGH
PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA
SN 1047-3289
J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE
JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 60
IS 8
BP 968
EP 976
DI 10.3155/1047-3289.60.8.968
PG 9
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 635TG
UT WOS:000280678700009
PM 20842937
ER
PT J
AU Chen, CF
Doty, FP
Houk, RJT
Loutfy, RO
Volz, HM
Yang, P
AF Chen, Ching-Fong
Doty, F. P.
Houk, Ronald J. T.
Loutfy, Raouf O.
Volz, Heather M.
Yang, Pin
TI Characterizations of a Hot-Pressed Polycrystalline Spinel:Ce
Scintillator
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID ENERGY-RESOLUTION SCINTILLATOR; TRANSPARENT; LUMINESCENCE; FABRICATION
AB Here, we report a new polycrystalline ceramic scintillator for possible use in gamma-ray detection and medical imaging applications. The goal was to develop a cerium-doped spinel (MgAl(2)O(4):Ce), which can be processed utilizing ceramic forming techniques. High-purity MgAl(2)O(4) powders were used as the starting materials. Lithium fluoride (LiF) was used as a sintering aid and CeO(2) powder was used as the dopant. The mixed and dried powders were hot pressed in a vacuum environment to achieve high-density MgAl(2)O(4):Ce. The hot-pressed sample shows a transparent polycrystalline appearance. In-line transmission was measured to determine the transparency of the structure. Microstructures were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Fluorescence absorption and emission peaks were also measured in addition to the decay time measurement.
C1 [Chen, Ching-Fong; Volz, Heather M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Doty, F. P.; Houk, Ronald J. T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94511 USA.
[Loutfy, Raouf O.] MER Corp, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA.
[Yang, Pin] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Chen, CF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM cchen@lanl.gov
FU ADTR/RD office of the Los Alamos National Laboratory; United States
Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration
[DE-AC04-94AL85000]; DTRA [NA-22]
FX This work was financially supported by the ADTR/RD office of the Los
Alamos National Laboratory. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated
by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States
Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under
the contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.; F. P. Doty and R. J. T. Houk would like
to acknowledge support from DTRA and NA-22.
NR 16
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 9
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0002-7820
J9 J AM CERAM SOC
JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 93
IS 8
BP 2399
EP 2402
DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03721.x
PG 4
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA 639LW
UT WOS:000280977300053
ER
PT J
AU Watts, J
Hilmas, G
Fahrenholtz, WG
Brown, D
Clausen, B
AF Watts, Jeremy
Hilmas, Greg
Fahrenholtz, William G.
Brown, Don
Clausen, Bjorn
TI Stress measurements in ZrB2-SiC composites using Raman spectroscopy and
neutron diffraction
SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop on Aerospace Materials for Extreme Environments
CY AUG 03-05, 2009
CL St Louis, MO
SP USAF Off Sci Res
DE Composites; Residual stress; Thermal expansion; Borides; SiC
ID DIBORIDE-BASED CERAMICS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; RESIDUAL-STRESS;
MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; ZIRCONIUM;
SILICON; MICROSTRUCTURE; NANOCOMPOSITES
AB Raman spectroscopy and neutron diffraction were used to study the stresses generated in zirconium diboride-silicon carbide (ZrB2-SiC) ceramics. Dense, hot pressed samples were prepared from ZrB2 containing 30 vol% alpha-SiC particles. Raman patterns were acquired from the dispersed SiC particulate phase within the composite and stress values were calculated to be 810 MPa. Neutron diffraction patterns were acquired for the ZrB2-SiC composite, as well as pure ZrB2 and SiC powders during cooling from similar to 1800 degrees C to room temperature A residual stress of 775 MPa was calculated as a function of temperature by comparing the lattice parameter values for ZrB2 and SiC within the composite to those of the individual powders The temperature at which stresses began to accumulate on cooling was found to be similar to 1400 degrees C based on observing the deviation in lattice parameters between pure powder samples and those of the composite. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
C1 [Watts, Jeremy; Hilmas, Greg; Fahrenholtz, William G.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA.
[Brown, Don; Clausen, Bjorn] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Watts, J (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA.
RI Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015;
OI Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X; Fahrenholtz,
William/0000-0002-8497-0092
NR 42
TC 31
Z9 32
U1 1
U2 24
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0955-2219
EI 1873-619X
J9 J EUR CERAM SOC
JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 11
SI SI
BP 2165
EP 2171
DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2010.02.014
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA 621IO
UT WOS:000279569900004
ER
PT J
AU Jafer, R
Volpe, L
Batani, D
Koenig, M
Baton, S
Brambrink, E
Perez, F
Dorchies, F
Santos, JJ
Fourment, C
Hulin, S
Nicolai, P
Vauzour, B
Lancaster, K
Galimberti, M
Heathcote, R
Tolley, M
Spindloe, C
Koester, P
Labate, L
Gizzi, L
Benedetti, C
Sgattoni, A
Richetta, M
Pasley, J
Beg, F
Chawla, S
Higginson, D
MacKinnon, A
McPhee, A
Kwon, DH
Rhee, Y
AF Jafer, R.
Volpe, L.
Batani, D.
Koenig, M.
Baton, S.
Brambrink, E.
Perez, F.
Dorchies, F.
Santos, J. J.
Fourment, C.
Hulin, S.
Nicolai, P.
Vauzour, B.
Lancaster, K.
Galimberti, M.
Heathcote, R.
Tolley, M.
Spindloe, Ch.
Koester, P.
Labate, L.
Gizzi, L.
Benedetti, C.
Sgattoni, A.
Richetta, M.
Pasley, J.
Beg, F.
Chawla, S.
Higginson, D.
MacKinnon, A.
McPhee, A.
Kwon, Duck-Hee
Rhee, Yongjoo
TI Proton Radiography and Fast Electron Propogation Through Cyliderically
Compressed Targets
SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE Electron transport; Proton radiography; X-ray radiography; ICF
AB The paper describes the key points contained in the short term HiPER (High Power laser Energy Research) experimental road map, as well as the results of two phases of the experiment performed in "HiPER dedicated time slots. Experimental and theoretical results of relativistic electron transport in cylindrically compressed matter are presented. This experiment was achieved at the VULCAN laser facility (UK) by using four long pulse beams (similar to 4 x 50 J, 1 us, at 0.53 mu m) to compress a hollow plastic cylinder filled with plastic foam of three different densities (0.1, 0.3, and 1 g cm(-3)). In the first phase of the experiment, protons accelerated by a picosecond laser pulse were used to radiograph a cylinder filled with 0.1 g/cc foam. Point projection proton backlighting was used to measure the degree of compression as well as the stagnation time. Results were compared to those from hard X-ray radiography. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations of proton propagation in cold and compressed targets allowed a detailed, comparison with 2D numerical hydro simulations. 2D simulations predict a density of 2-5 g cm(-3) and a plasma temperature up to 100 eV at maximum compression. In the second phase of the experiment, a short pulse (10 ps, 160 J) beam generated fast electrons that propagated through the compressed matter by irradiating a nickel foil at an intensity of 5 x 10(18) Wcm(-2). X-ray spectrometer and imagers were implemented in order to estimate the compressed plasma conditions and to infer the hot electron characteristics. Results are discussed and compared with simulations.
C1 [Jafer, R.; Volpe, L.; Batani, D.] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis G Occhialini, Milan, Italy.
[Koenig, M.; Baton, S.; Brambrink, E.; Perez, F.] Ecole Polytech, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, F-91128 Palaiseau, France.
[Dorchies, F.; Santos, J. J.; Fourment, C.; Hulin, S.; Nicolai, P.; Vauzour, B.] Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, Bordeaux, France.
[Koester, P.; Labate, L.; Gizzi, L.] CNR, I-56100 Pisa, Italy.
[Benedetti, C.; Sgattoni, A.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
[Richetta, M.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, I-00173 Rome, Italy.
[Pasley, J.] Univ York, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
[Beg, F.; Chawla, S.; Higginson, D.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
[MacKinnon, A.; McPhee, A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA.
[Kwon, Duck-Hee; Rhee, Yongjoo] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Seoul, South Korea.
RP Jafer, R (reprint author), Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis G Occhialini, Milan, Italy.
RI Koenig, Michel/A-2167-2012; Gizzi, Leonida/F-4782-2011; RICHETTA,
MARIA/I-8513-2012; Vauzour, Benjamin/N-8385-2013; Jafer,
Rashida/K-2078-2014; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; Galimberti,
Marco/J-8376-2016; Brennan, Patricia/N-3922-2015;
OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; Galimberti,
Marco/0000-0003-0661-7282; Gizzi, Leonida A./0000-0001-6572-6492
NR 22
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 8
PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI SEOUL
PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA
SN 0374-4884
J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC
JI J. Korean Phys. Soc.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 57
IS 2
SI SI
BP 305
EP 310
DI 10.3938/jkps.57.305
PN 1
PG 6
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 639YA
UT WOS:000281011800001
ER
PT J
AU Park, SK
Baik, SH
Cha, HK
Reese, SJ
Hurley, DH
AF Park, Seung-Kyu
Baik, Sung-Hoon
Cha, Hyung-Ki
Reese, Stephen J.
Hurley, David H.
TI Characteristics of a Laser Resonant Ultrasonic Spectroscopy System for
Measuring the Elastic Constants of Materials
SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (BUS); Scanning laser-RUS; PZT-RUS;
Resonant frequency mode; mode identification
ID PIEZOELECTRIC COEFFICIENTS; DOPPLER INTERFEROMETRY
AB Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (BUS) is a useful technique for measuring the elastic properties of materials. In this study, two experimental approaches for performing RUS are experimentally analyzed and compared: 1) contact transduction using piezoelectric transducers (PZT) and 2) laser transduction using pulse laser excitation and laser interferometric detection. A single Zircaloy sample cut from a nuclear pressure tube was used for this study. By virtue of the non-contact nature, the quality factor, Q, for laser RUS is shown to be higher than the contact RUS. In addition, the probe beam for laser-RUS can be scanned to form a 2D image of each vibrational mode, which in turn enables unique mode identification. These defining characteristics of laser-RUS enable straightforward discrimination of closely spaced resonant modes and provide key advantages for improving the resolution of resonant ultrasound spectroscopy.
C1 [Park, Seung-Kyu; Baik, Sung-Hoon; Cha, Hyung-Ki] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Quantum Opt Res Div, Taejon 305353, South Korea.
[Reese, Stephen J.; Hurley, David H.] Idaho Natl Lab, Mat Characterizat Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
RP Park, SK (reprint author), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Quantum Opt Res Div, Taejon 305353, South Korea.
EM skpark4@kaeri.re.kr
FU U.S. Department of Energy; National Research Foundation of Korea
[2009-0082799]; DOE [DE-AC07-05ID14517]
FX This work was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy to the Idaho
National Laboratory AFCI Transmutation Fuels Campaign, Fuels
Characterization Element, operated by Battelle Energy Aliance, LLC,
under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. Also, it
was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (Grant No.
2009-0082799).
NR 12
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 7
PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI SEOUL
PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA
SN 0374-4884
J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC
JI J. Korean Phys. Soc.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 57
IS 2
SI SI
BP 375
EP 379
DI 10.3938/jkps.57.375
PN 1
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 639YA
UT WOS:000281011800015
ER
PT J
AU Hurley, DH
Shinde, SL
Gusev, VE
AF Hurley, David H.
Shinde, Subhash L.
Gusev, Vitalyi E.
TI Lateral-looking Time-resolved Thermal Wave Microscopy
SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE Time resolved; Thermal wave; Thermal transport; Laser
ID THERMOREFLECTANCE; DEFLECTION; FILMS
AB Time-resolved thermal wave microscopy was used to measure lateral thermal transport in a thin metallic film on an insulating substrate. The basis of this approach is to decompose the reflectivity signal into a component that varies with delay time and a steady state component that varies with pump modulation frequency. The transient component is a summation of thermal waves at integral multiples of the pulse repetition frequency (76 MHz). The steady state component depends only on thermal waves at the pump chopping frequency (10 - 100 kHz). For long delays, the steady-state component is dominant and can be used to measure the thermal diffusivity.
C1 [Hurley, David H.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
[Shinde, Subhash L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
[Gusev, Vitalyi E.] Univ Maine, F-72085 Le Mans, France.
RP Hurley, DH (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
EM david.hurley@inl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC07-051D14517]
FX This work was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to the
Idaho National Laboratory AFCI Transmutation Fuels Campaign, Fuels
Characterization Element, operated by Battelle Energy Aliance, LLC,
under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-051D14517.
NR 14
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 11
PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI SEOUL
PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA
SN 0374-4884
J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC
JI J. Korean Phys. Soc.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 57
IS 2
SI SI
BP 384
EP 388
DI 10.3938/jkps.57.384
PN 1
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 639YA
UT WOS:000281011800017
ER
PT J
AU Miao, XY
Brener, I
Luk, TS
AF Miao, Xiaoyu
Brener, Igal
Luk, Ting Shan
TI Nanocomposite plasmonic fluorescence emitters with core/shell
configurations
SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-MOLECULE FLUORESCENCE; ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; LABELED SILVER
NANOSHELL; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; METALLIC NANOCAVITY; QUANTUM DOTS;
EMISSION; FILM
AB This paper is focused on the optical properties of nanocomposite plasmonic emitters with core/shell configurations, where a fluorescence emitter is located inside a metal nanoshell. Systematic theoretical investigations are presented for the influence of material type, core radius, shell thickness, and excitation wavelength on the internal optical intensity, radiative quantum yield, and fluorescence enhancement of the nanocomposite emitter. It is our conclusion that: (i) an optimal ratio between the core radius and shell thickness is required to maximize the absorption rate of fluorescence emitters, and (ii) a large core radius is desired to minimize the non-radiative damping and avoid significant quantum yield degradation of light emitters. Several experimental approaches to synthesize these nanocomposite emitters are also discussed. Furthermore, our theoretical results are successfully used to explain several reported experimental observations and should prove useful for designing ultra-bright core/shell nanocomposite emitters. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Miao, Xiaoyu; Brener, Igal; Luk, Ting Shan] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Miao, XY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM xiaoyu.miao@gmail.com
RI Brener, Igal/G-1070-2010
OI Brener, Igal/0000-0002-2139-5182
FU Energy Frontier Research Center for Solid State Lighting Science; U.S.
Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX We thank Michael Descour, Shisheng Xiong, C. Jeffrey Brinker, Peng
Zhang, and Alon Gabbay for useful discussions. This work was performed,
in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U. S.
Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility. The
FDTD simulation portion was funded by the Energy Frontier Research
Center for Solid State Lighting Science. Sandia National Laboratories is
a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a
Lockheed-Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy under
Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 39
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 14
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0740-3224
EI 1520-8540
J9 J OPT SOC AM B
JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 27
IS 8
BP 1561
EP 1570
PG 10
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 635OP
UT WOS:000280665300009
ER
PT J
AU Kardol, P
Todd, DE
Hanson, PJ
Mulholland, PJ
AF Kardol, Paul
Todd, Donald E.
Hanson, Paul J.
Mulholland, Patrick J.
TI Long-term successional forest dynamics: species and community responses
to climatic variability
SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Climate change; DBH; Global change; Growth; Insect outbreaks; Mortality;
Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI); Precipitation; Summer drought;
Temperature
ID TREE MORTALITY-RATES; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; OLYMPIC
MOUNTAINS; MODEL SIMULATIONS; GLOBAL-CHANGE; NET PRIMARY; OAK FOREST;
DROUGHT; GROWTH
AB Question
Are trees sensitive to climatic variability, and do tree species differ in their responses to climatic variability? Does sensitivity of forest communities to climatic variability depend on stand composition?
Location
Mixed young forest at Walker Branch Watershed near Oak Ridge, East Tennessee, USA.
Methods
Using a long-term dataset (1967-2006), we analyzed temporal forest dynamics at the tree and species level, and community dynamics for forest stands that differed in initial species composition (i.e., chestnut oak, oak-hickory, pine, and yellow poplar stands). Using summer drought and growing season temperature as defined climate drivers, we evaluated relationships between forest dynamics and climate across levels of organization.
Results
Over the four-decade study period, forest communities underwent successional change and substantially increased in biomass. Variation in summer drought and growing season temperature contributed to temporal biomass dynamics for some tree species, but not for others. Stand-level responses to climatic variability were related to the responses of component species, except in pine stands. Pinus echinata, the dominant species in pine stands, decreased over time due to periodic outbreaks of pine bark beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis). These outbreaks at Walker Branch could not be directly related to climatic conditions.
Conclusions
The results indicate that sensitivity of developing forests to climatic variability is stand type-dependent, and hence is a function of species composition. However, in the long term, direct effects of climatic variability on forest dynamics may be small relative to autogenic successional processes or climate-related insect outbreaks. Empirical studies testing for interactions between forest succession and climatic variability are needed.
C1 [Kardol, Paul; Todd, Donald E.; Hanson, Paul J.; Mulholland, Patrick J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Kardol, P (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden.
EM p.kardol@gmail.com; todddejr@ornl.gov; hansonpj@ornl.gov;
mullhollandpj@ornl.gov
RI Kardol, Paul/A-2600-2010; Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Mulholland,
Patrick/C-3142-2012; Kardol, Paul/N-8383-2015
OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Kardol, Paul/0000-0001-7065-3435
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research
FX We thank Diane Turner and Brian West for their help in the 2006 survey
and Dale Johnson, Gray Henderson, and Frank Harris for their
contributions to organizing and compiling data from earlier forest
surveys. We thank Michael Huston for his contributions to the Walker
Branch Watershed project. Aimee Classen, Lara Souza, and Tara Sackett
provided helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. P.K.
performed the research as a Eugene P. Wigner Fellow and staff member at
the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LCC, for the
U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Support for
long-term observations of Walker Branch biomass plots was provided by
the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and
Environmental Research.
NR 56
TC 15
Z9 17
U1 5
U2 38
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1100-9233
J9 J VEG SCI
JI J. Veg. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 21
IS 4
BP 627
EP 642
DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2010.01171.x
PG 16
WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry
SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry
GA 619SI
UT WOS:000279450200002
ER
PT J
AU Fagyal, Z
Swarup, S
Escobar, AM
Gasser, L
Lakkaraju, K
AF Fagyal, Zsuzsanna
Swarup, Samarth
Escobar, Anna Maria
Gasser, Les
Lakkaraju, Kiran
TI Centers and peripheries: Network roles in language change
SO LINGUA
LA English
DT Article
DE Language change; Social networks; Diffusion; Popularity; Accommodation
ID NEW-DIALECT FORMATION; SOCIAL NETWORKS; EMERGENCE; CONTACT; IMPACT;
BILINGUALISM; INNOVATION; DIFFUSION; CHILDREN; SYSTEM
AB Sociolinguistic studies have demonstrated that centrally-connected and peripheral. members of social networks can both propel and impede the spread of linguistic innovations. We use agent-based computer simulations to investigate the dynamic properties of these network roles in a large social influence network, in which diffusion is modeled as the probabilistic uptake of one of several competing variants by agents of unequal social standing. We find that highly-connected agents, structural equivalents of leaders in empirical studies, advance on-going change by spreading competing variants. Isolated agents, or loners, holding on to existing variants are safe-keepers of variants considered old or new depending on the current state of the rest of the population. Innovations spread following a variety of S-curves and stabilize as norms in the network only if two conditions are simultaneously satisfied: (1) the network comprises extremely highly connected and very isolated agents, and (2) agents are biased to pay proportionally more attention to better connected, or popular, neighbors. These findings reconcile competing models of individual network roles in the selection and propagation process of language change, and support Bloomfield's hypothesis that the spread of linguistic innovations in heterogeneous social networks depend upon communication density and relative prestige. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Fagyal, Zsuzsanna; Escobar, Anna Maria] Univ Illinois, Sch Literatures Cultures & Linguist, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Swarup, Samarth] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Gasser, Les] Univ Illinois, Grad Sch Lib & Informat Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.
[Lakkaraju, Kiran] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA.
RP Fagyal, Z (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Sch Literatures Cultures & Linguist, 707 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
EM zsfagyal@illinois.edu; swarup@vbi.vt.edu; aescobar@illinois.edu;
gasser@illinois.edu; klakkar@sandia.gov
NR 108
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0024-3841
J9 LINGUA
JI Lingua
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 120
IS 8
SI SI
BP 2061
EP 2079
DI 10.1016/j.lingua.2010.02.001
PG 19
WC Linguistics; Language & Linguistics
SC Linguistics
GA 606NZ
UT WOS:000278434400012
ER
PT J
AU Liu, Z
Ukida, H
Ramuhalli, P
Forsyth, DS
AF Liu, Zheng
Ukida, Hiroyuki
Ramuhalli, Pradeep
Forsyth, David S.
TI Integrated imaging and vision techniques for industrial inspection: a
special issue on machine vision and applications
SO MACHINE VISION AND APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Liu, Zheng] NRC Inst Res Construct, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
[Ukida, Hiroyuki] Univ Tokushima, Dept Mech Engn, Tokushima 7708506, Japan.
[Ramuhalli, Pradeep] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Forsyth, David S.] Texas Res Int Inc Austin, NDE Div, Austin, TX 78733 USA.
RP Liu, Z (reprint author), NRC Inst Res Construct, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
EM zheng.liu@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca; ukida@me.tokushima-u.ac.jp;
pradeep.ramuhalli@pnl.gov; dforsyth@tri-austin.com
OI Ramuhalli, Pradeep/0000-0001-6372-1743; Liu, Zheng/0000-0002-7241-3483
NR 8
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0932-8092
J9 MACH VISION APPL
JI Mach. Vis. Appl.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 21
IS 5
BP 597
EP 599
DI 10.1007/s00138-010-0277-9
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science,
Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA 630CM
UT WOS:000280249300001
ER
PT J
AU Miller, GK
Burkes, DE
Wachs, DM
AF Miller, Gregory K.
Burkes, Douglas E.
Wachs, Daniel M.
TI Modeling thermal and stress behavior of the fuel-clad interface in
monolithic fuel mini-plates
SO MATERIALS & DESIGN
LA English
DT Article
DE Thermal analysis; Non-destructive testing
AB A fuel development and qualification program is in process with the objective of qualifying very high density monolithic low enriched uranium-molybdenum fuel for high-performance research reactors. The monolithic fuel foil creates differences in the mechanical and structural characteristics of the fuel plate because of the planar interface created by the fuel foil and cladding. An initial finite element analysis model has been developed to investigate worst-case scenarios for the basic monolithic fuel plate structure using typical mini-plate irradiation conditions in the Advanced Test Reactor. Initial analysis shows that the stress normal to the fuel-clad interface dominates during irradiation and that the presence of small, rounded delaminations at the interface is not of great concern. However, larger and/or fuel-clad delaminations with sharp corners can create areas of concern, as maximum principal cladding stress, strain, displacement, and peak fuel temperature are all significantly increased. Furthermore, stresses resulting from temperature gradients that cause the plate to bow or buckle in an unconstrained fuel plate configuration is greatly enhanced in a constrained fuel plate configuration. The sensitivities of the model and input parameters are discussed, along with some overlap of initial experimental observations using as-fabricated plate characterization and post-irradiation examination. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Miller, Gregory K.; Burkes, Douglas E.; Wachs, Daniel M.] Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Fuels & Mat Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
RP Burkes, DE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Fuels & Mat Div, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
EM Douglas.Burkes@inl.gov
FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC07-05ID14517]
FX This manuscript has been authored by Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC under
Contract No. DE-AC07-05ID14517 with the US Department of Energy. The US
Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for
publication, acknowledges that the US Government retains a nonexclusive,
paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the
published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US
Government purposes.
NR 21
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0261-3069
J9 MATER DESIGN
JI Mater. Des.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 31
IS 7
BP 3234
EP 3243
DI 10.1016/j.matdes.2010.02.016
PG 10
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 606QK
UT WOS:000278442000012
ER
PT J
AU Caballero, FG
Miller, MK
Garcia-Mateo, C
AF Caballero, F. G.
Miller, M. K.
Garcia-Mateo, C.
TI Tracking solute atoms during bainite reaction in a nanocrystalline steel
SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Steels; Bainite; Three-dimensional atom probe
ID LOW-ALLOY STEELS; INCOMPLETE TRANSFORMATION PHENOMENON; COMPOSITION
PROPERTY APPROACH; LOW-TEMPERATURE BAINITE; NI-C MARTENSITES; CARBIDE
PRECIPITATION; FE-C; SILICON STEELS; DESIGN; PROBE
AB The extremely slow transformation kinetics of a nanocrystalline bainitic steel makes this novel structure the perfect candidate to determine the carbon content of the bainitic ferrite away from any carbon enriched regions, such as dislocations and boundaries, as the bainite transformation progresses at extremely low temperatures. The purpose of this atom probe tomography study was to systematically track atom distributions during the bainite reaction in a nanocrystalline steel. The results will provide new experimental evidence on the explanation for the incomplete reaction phenomenon and the carbon supersaturation of the bainitic ferrite during transformation, subjects critically relevant to understanding the atomic mechanism controlling bainitic ferrite growth.
C1 [Caballero, F. G.; Garcia-Mateo, C.] Ctr Nacl Invest Met CENIM CSIC, Dept Met Phys, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
[Miller, M. K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Caballero, FG (reprint author), Ctr Nacl Invest Met CENIM CSIC, Dept Met Phys, Avda Gregorio del Amo 8, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
RI CABALLERO, FRANCISCA/A-4292-2008; Garcia-Mateo, Carlos/A-7752-2008;
OI Garcia-Mateo, Carlos/0000-0002-4773-5077; Caballero,
Francisca/0000-0002-5548-7659
FU Research Fund for Coal and Steel; Spanish Ministry of Science and
Innovation [RFSR-CT-2008-00022, MAT2007-63873]; Scientific User
Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of
Energy
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Research Fund for
Coal and Steel and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for
funding this research under the contracts RFSR-CT-2008-00022 and
MAT2007-63873 respectively. Research at the Oak Ridge National
Laboratory SHaRE User Facility was sponsored by the Scientific User
Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of
Energy.
NR 71
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 9
PU MANEY PUBLISHING
PI LEEDS
PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND
SN 0267-0836
J9 MATER SCI TECH-LOND
JI Mater. Sci. Technol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 8
BP 889
EP 898
DI 10.1179/026708310X12635619987943
PG 10
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 647PI
UT WOS:000281630400001
ER
PT J
AU Allison, SW
Gillies, GT
AF Allison, S. W.
Gillies, G. T.
TI Fluorescence excitation and propagation through brain phantom gelatins:
measurements and potential applications
SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE thermographic phosphor; fluorescence excitation; brain phantoms;
neuroendoscopy; phototherapy
ID POSITIVE-PRESSURE INFUSION; IN-VITRO; NANOSCALE POROSITY;
OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; TISSUE; NANOPARTICLES; THERMOMETRY; DELIVERY
AB We have investigated the utility of 0.6% agarose gels as surrogate materials for brain tissues in optical propagation studies for possible diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Centimeter-scale layers of the gel exhibited a Beer's law attenuation factor, delta, of approximate to 0.2 mm(-1) for incident illumination via a pulsed LED (100 Hz) at 405 nm. This result was different by only about a factor of 3 from the effective penetration depth at similar wavelengths through in vitro samples of the gray (cortical) matter of human brain, as measured by others. Then, films of the thermographic phosphors La2O2S:Eu, Mg4FGeO6:Mn, YAG:Cr and variants of the latter were formed on aluminum substrates and the fluorescence of these samples was stimulated and observed through layers of the gel up to 4 cm thick. In all cases, the fluorescence was easily excited and distinguishable above the background. The results demonstrate that this gel might serve as an inexpensive and robust test bed for exploratory studies of neurological modalities involving propagation of optical signals within brain tissues.
C1 [Allison, S. W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sensors & Controls Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37932 USA.
[Gillies, G. T.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
[Gillies, G. T.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Neurosurg, Richmond, VA 23298 USA.
RP Allison, SW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sensors & Controls Res Grp, POB 2008,MS6054, Oak Ridge, TN 37932 USA.
EM allisonsw@ornl.gov; gtg@virginia.edu
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Kopf Family Foundation,
Inc.; University of Virginia Patent Foundation
FX This research was supported in part by Oak Ridge National Laboratory
(ORNL) which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of
Energy under contract no DE-AC05-00OR22725. The work at the University
of Virginia was funded in part by a grant from the Kopf Family
Foundation, Inc., and by the University of Virginia Patent Foundation
Royalty Distribution Program.
NR 15
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 6
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0957-0233
EI 1361-6501
J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL
JI Meas. Sci. Technol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 21
IS 8
AR 085802
DI 10.1088/0957-0233/21/8/085802
PG 7
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 627KZ
UT WOS:000280039700028
ER
PT J
AU Truong, NX
Tiggesbaumker, J
Doppner, T
AF Truong, N. X.
Tiggesbaeumker, J.
Doeppner, T.
TI Shaper-assisted removal of the direction-of-time ambiguity in
second-harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating
SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE pulse shaping; femtosecond phenomena; femtosecond laser pulse
characterization
ID MULTIPHOTON INTRAPULSE INTERFERENCE; ELECTRIC-FIELD RECONSTRUCTION;
BROAD-BAND PULSE; LASER-PULSES; DOMAIN INTERFEROMETRY; TEMPORAL
DIFFRACTION; ULTRASHORT PULSES; PHASE; COMPRESSION; MICROSCOPY
AB We report on a practical method where a pulse shaper in combination with second-harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating (SHG-FROG) is used to fully characterize ultrashort laser pulses. The original pulse is modified by adding a small satellite, which allows us to determine the direction of time of the retrieved pulse. The setup extends the work of Zeek et al (2002 Appl. Phys. B 74 S265) to more arbitrary pulse structures. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the method is applicable also in high-power ultrashort laser systems, where the pulse former has to be placed before the chirped-pulse amplifier. We found that the amplitude of the satellite must be smaller than 20% of that of the original pulse to avoid nonlinear distortions.
C1 [Truong, N. X.; Tiggesbaeumker, J.] Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany.
[Doeppner, T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Truong, NX (reprint author), Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany.
EM josef.tiggesbaeumker@uni-rostock.de
FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Sonderforschungsbereich SFB 652]
FX We thank Karl-Heinz Meiwes-Broer for his continuous interest and
support, and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for financial support
through the Sonderforschungsbereich SFB 652.
NR 25
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 7
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0957-0233
EI 1361-6501
J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL
JI Meas. Sci. Technol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 21
IS 8
AR 085303
DI 10.1088/0957-0233/21/8/085303
PG 6
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 627KZ
UT WOS:000280039700016
ER
PT J
AU Kovacik, WP
Scholten, JCM
Culley, D
Hickey, R
Zhang, WW
Brockman, FJ
AF Kovacik, William P., Jr.
Scholten, Johannes C. M.
Culley, David
Hickey, Robert
Zhang, Weiwen
Brockman, Fred J.
TI Microbial dynamics in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) bioreactor
granules in response to short-term changes in substrate feed
SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM
LA English
DT Article
ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISM
ANALYSIS; SP-NOV; SYNTROPHIC ASSOCIATION; METHANOGENIC COMMUNITY;
OXIDIZING BACTERIUM; ACETATE OXIDATION; WASTE-WATER; GEN. NOV.
AB The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor is a microcosm for the methanogenic degradation of organic matter in anaerobic environments, and depends on the auto-formation of dense 3D biofilms of 1-3 mm in diameter, referred to as granular sludge (biogranules). Past research has shown that UASB and other methanogenic reactors are extremely stable functionally, but the underlying basis of the functional stability is not well understood. In this study, microbial dynamics in the communities residing in UASB biogranules were analysed to determine responses to short-term perturbations (change in reactor feed). The reactor was fed with simulated brewery wastewater (SBWW) for 1 5 months (phase 1), acetate/sulfate for 2 months (phase 2), acetate alone for 3 months (phase 3) and then a return to SBWW for 2 months (phase 4) Analysis of 16S rRNA, methanogen-associated mcrA and sulfate reducer-associated dsrAB gene-based-clone libraries showed a relatively simple community composed mainly of the methanogenic archaea (Methanobacterium and Methanosaeta), members of the green non-sulfur (Chloroflexi) group of bacteria and Syntrophobacter, Spirochaeta, Acidobacteria and Cytophaga-related bacterial sequences The mcrA clone libraries were dominated throughout by Methanobacterium- and Methanospirillum-related sequences. Although the reactor performance remained relatively stable throughout the experiment, community diversity levels generally decreased for all libraries in response to a change from SBWW to acetate alone feed. There was a large transitory increase noted in 16S diversity at the 2 month sampling on acetate alone, entirely related to an increase in bacterial diversity. Upon return to SBWW conditions in phase 4, all diversity measures returned to near phase 1 levels Our results demonstrated that microbial communities, even highly structured ones such as in UASB biogranules, are very capable of responding to rapid and major changes in their environment
C1 [Kovacik, William P., Jr.; Scholten, Johannes C. M.; Culley, David; Zhang, Weiwen; Brockman, Fred J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Microbiol, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
[Hickey, Robert] Ecovation Inc, Victor, NY 14564 USA.
RP Zhang, WW (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Ctr Ecogenom, Biodesign Inst, POB 876501, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program (LDRD) of Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); US Department of Energy
[DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]
FX The work was supported by a grant from Laboratory Directed Research and
Development Program (LDRD) of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
(PNNL) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle
Memorial Institute for the US Department of Energy through contract
DE-AC06-76RLO 1830
NR 43
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 18
PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
PI READING
PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG,
BERKS, ENGLAND
SN 1350-0872
J9 MICROBIOL-SGM
JI Microbiology-(UK)
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 156
BP 2418
EP 2427
DI 10.1099/mic.0.036715-0
PN 8
PG 10
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 642TA
UT WOS:000281239600015
PM 20430810
ER
PT J
AU Wang, MR
Kang, QJ
AF Wang, Moran
Kang, Qinjun
TI Electrochemomechanical energy conversion efficiency in silica
nanochannels
SO MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Energy conversion; Electrokinetic transport; Nanofluidics; Chemical
dissociation
ID POISSON-BOLTZMANN EQUATION; NANOFLUIDIC CHANNELS; ELECTROOSMOTIC FLOWS;
MICROFLUIDIC PHENOMENA; ELECTROKINETIC FLOW; POWER-GENERATION; IONIC
TRANSPORT; LIQUID FLOW; MICROCHANNELS; CAPILLARIES
AB The electrochemomechanical energy conversion efficiency has been investigated using a new theoretical and numerical framework for modeling the multiphysiochemical transport in long silica nanochannels. Both the chemical dissociation effects on surface charge boundary conditions and the bulk concentration enrichment caused by double layer interactions are considered in the framework. The results show that the energy conversion efficiency decreases monotonically with the increasing ionic concentration at pH = 8. For a given ionic concentration, there is an optimal channel height for the highest efficiency. The efficiency does not increase with the pH value monotonically, and there is an optimal pH value for the maximum energy conversion efficiency as the other conditions are given. The energy conversion efficiency increases with the environmental temperature. The present results may guide the design and optimization of nanofluidic devices for energy conversion.
C1 [Wang, Moran; Kang, Qinjun] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci Grp EES 16, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Ctr Nonlinear Study CNLS,Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Wang, MR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci Grp EES 16, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Ctr Nonlinear Study CNLS,Theoret Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM mwang@lanl.gov
RI Wang, Moran/A-1150-2010; Kang, Qinjun/A-2585-2010
OI Kang, Qinjun/0000-0002-4754-2240
FU LANL [20080727PRD2]
FX This work is supported by LANL's LDRD Project 20080727PRD2, through the
J. R. Oppenheimer Fellowship awarded to M. W. The authors would like to
thank Prof. Stein, D. for providing the experimental data, Prof. Dekker,
C., Prof. Xuan, X. C., Prof. Pennathur S and Prof. Bazant, M. for
helpful discussions.
NR 54
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 21
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1613-4982
J9 MICROFLUID NANOFLUID
JI Microfluid. Nanofluid.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 9
IS 2-3
BP 181
EP 190
DI 10.1007/s10404-009-0530-6
PG 10
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics,
Fluids & Plasmas
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation;
Physics
GA 612VJ
UT WOS:000278932400004
ER
PT J
AU Artyushkova, K
Garcia, AL
Lopez, GP
AF Artyushkova, Kateryna
Garcia, Anthony L.
Lopez, Gabriel P.
TI Detecting molecular separation in nano-fluidic channels through velocity
analysis of temporal image sequences by multivariate curve resolution
SO MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Nanofluidics; Flow visualization; Velocimetry; Multivariate image
analysis; Multivariate curve resolution (MCR)
ID OPTICAL-FLOW; VELOCIMETRY; TRANSPORT; CELLS
AB In this study, we report on a method of determining individual velocities of molecular species being separated in a fluid medium within array of nanofluidic channels that can be useful in the detection of molecular species. The method is based on the application of multivariate image analysis methods, in this case principal component analysis and multivariate curve resolution, to temporal image series capturing multiple species moving through the medium. There are two novel and unique advantages of the reported method. First, it is possible to identify transport velocities of different molecular species, even those tagged with the same fluorophore. And second, the velocity determination can be made before there is any visual separation of the species in the medium at the very initial stages of separation. The capability of the methodology to detect the separation of species without fluorescent labeling and to provide an accurate ratio of their velocities even at the very early pre-visual stage of separation will significantly optimize separation experiments and assist in fast and accurate detection of analytes based on micro- and nano-fluidics assays. The presented method can be practiced in connection with various molecular separation techniques including, but not limited to, nanochannel electrophoresis, microchannel capillary electrophoresis, and gel electrophoresis.
C1 [Artyushkova, Kateryna; Lopez, Gabriel P.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
[Garcia, Anthony L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Artyushkova, K (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, 209 Farris Engn Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
EM kartyush@unm.edu
RI Artyushkova, Kateryna/B-4709-2008
OI Artyushkova, Kateryna/0000-0002-2611-0422
FU Center for Biomedical Engineering (CBME) at UNM; NM DTRA
[HDTRA1-06-CWMDBR]; NSF [CTS-0332315]
FX This study was supported by the Center for Biomedical Engineering (CBME)
at UNM, NM DTRA HDTRA1-06-CWMDBR and NSF Sensors CTS-0332315.
NR 26
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 9
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1613-4982
J9 MICROFLUID NANOFLUID
JI Microfluid. Nanofluid.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 9
IS 2-3
BP 447
EP 459
DI 10.1007/s10404-009-0562-y
PG 13
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics,
Fluids & Plasmas
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation;
Physics
GA 612VJ
UT WOS:000278932400027
ER
PT J
AU Allard, LF
Flytzani-Stephanopoulos, M
Overbury, SH
AF Allard, Lawrence F.
Flytzani-Stephanopoulos, Maria
Overbury, Steven H.
TI Behavior of Au Species in Au/Fe2O3 Catalysts Characterized by Novel In
Situ Heating Techniques and Aberration-Corrected STEM Imaging
SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Aberration-Corrected Electron Microscopy
CY JUL, 2009
CL Richmond, VA
DE STEM; aberration correction; in situ; Au catalysts; depth sectioning;
HAADF
ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; SHRINKAGE; DIFFUSION; GRAIN
AB The recent advent of a novel design of in situ heating technology for electron microscopes has permitted unprecedented control of elevated temperature studies of catalytic materials, particularly when coupled with the sub-Angstrom imaging performance of a modern aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). Using micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS)-based Aduro (TM) heating chips from Protochips, Inc. (Raleigh, NC, USA) allows nearly instantaneous heating and cooling of catalyst powders, avoiding effects of temperature ramping as experienced with standard heating stages. The heating technology also provides stable operation limited only by the inherent drift in the microscope stage, thus allowing full image resolution to be achieved even at elevated temperatures. The present study details the use of both the high X-Y spatial resolution in both dark-field and simultaneous bright-field imaging, along with the high resolution in Z (depth sectioning) provided by the large probe incidence semiangle in the aberration-corrected instrument, to characterize the evolution of microstructure in a commercial Au/Fe2O3 water-gas shift catalyst during elevated temperature treatment. The phenomenon of Au diffusion to the surface of hematite support particles to form discrete crystalline Au nanoparticles in the 1-2 nm size range, after a prior leaching treatment to remove surface Au species has been characterized.
C1 [Allard, Lawrence F.; Overbury, Steven H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Phys Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Flytzani-Stephanopoulos, Maria] Tufts Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA.
RP Allard, LF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Phys Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM allardLFjr@ornl.gov
RI Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016
OI Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961
NR 20
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 24
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 1431-9276
EI 1435-8115
J9 MICROSC MICROANAL
JI Microsc. microanal.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 16
IS 4
SI SI
BP 375
EP 385
DI 10.1017/S1431927610013486
PG 11
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy
SC Materials Science; Microscopy
GA 638AO
UT WOS:000280862100003
PM 20569530
ER
PT J
AU Liu, JY
Allard, LF
AF Liu, Jingyue
Allard, Lawrence F.
TI Surface Channeling in Aberration-Corrected Scanning Transmission
Electron Microscopy of Nanostructures
SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Aberration-Corrected Electron Microscopy
CY JUL, 2009
CL Richmond, VA
DE STEM; HAADF; electron microscope; channeling; nanostructure;
aberration-free electron microscope; surface; ZnO
ID THERMAL DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; DARK-FIELD STEM; RESOLUTION; CONTRAST;
LATTICE; IMAGES; TILT
AB The aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope can provide information on nanostructures with sub-Angstrom image resolution. The relatively intuitive interpretation of high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) imaging technique makes it a popular tool to image a variety of samples and finds broad applications to characterizing nanostructures, especially when combined with electron energy-loss spectroscopy and X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy techniques. To quantitatively interpret HAADF images, however, requires full understanding of the various types of signals that contribute to the HAADF image contrast. We have observed significant intensity enhancement in HAADF images, and large expansion of lattice spacings, of surface atoms of atomically flat ZnO surfaces. The surface-resonance channeling effect, one of the electron-beam channeling phenomena in crystalline nanostructures, was invoked to explain the observed image intensity enhancement. A better understanding of the effect of electron beam channeling along surfaces or interfaces on HAADF image contrast may have implications for quantifying HAADF images and may provide new routes to utilize the channeling phenomenon to study surface structures with sub-Angstrom spatial resolution.
C1 [Liu, Jingyue] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem & Biochem, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Nanosci, St Louis, MO 63121 USA.
[Allard, Lawrence F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Liu, JY (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem & Biochem, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Nanosci, 1 Univ Blvd, St Louis, MO 63121 USA.
EM liuj@umsl.edu
NR 39
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 20
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 1431-9276
J9 MICROSC MICROANAL
JI Microsc. microanal.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 16
IS 4
SI SI
BP 425
EP 433
DI 10.1017/S1431927610000450
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy
SC Materials Science; Microscopy
GA 638AO
UT WOS:000280862100008
PM 20598201
ER
PT J
AU Typke, D
AF Typke, Dieter
TI Zernike Phase Contrast Electron Microscopy with a Spherically Corrected
Foil Lens
SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Aberration-Corrected Electron Microscopy
CY JUL, 2009
CL Richmond, VA
DE Zernike phase contrast; spherical correction; foil lens; transmission
electron microscopy
ID CHROMATIC CORRECTION; THIN FOIL; ABERRATION; CHARGES; GAUZE
AB A lens system is proposed that not only provides spherical correction of the objective lens by charges that are induced on a thin foil, in the way proposed in a paper by Otto Scherzer [Optik 56(2), 133-147, 1980], but also provides Zernike phase contrast by means of an appropriate phase shift of the scattered electrons within the foil. This system has the potential to provide strong phase contrast from very low spatial frequencies to frequencies above 1/(100 pm).
C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Typke, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd Mailstop Donner, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM DTypke@lbl.gov
NR 11
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 1431-9276
J9 MICROSC MICROANAL
JI Microsc. microanal.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 16
IS 4
SI SI
BP 441
EP 444
DI 10.1017/S1431927610000462
PG 4
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy
SC Materials Science; Microscopy
GA 638AO
UT WOS:000280862100010
PM 20598202
ER
PT J
AU Davis, RW
Timlin, JA
Kaiser, JN
Sinclair, MB
Jones, HDT
Lane, TW
AF Davis, Ryan W.
Timlin, Jerilyn A.
Kaiser, Julia N.
Sinclair, Michael B.
Jones, Howland D. T.
Lane, Todd W.
TI Accurate Detection of Low Levels of Fluorescence Emission in
Autofluorescent Background: Francisella-Infected Macrophage Cells
SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Aberration-Corrected Electron Microscopy
CY JUL, 2009
CL Richmond, VA
DE spectral imaging; fluorescence imaging; Francisella; autofluorescence;
spectral crosstalk; multivariate curve resolution; macrophage;
fluorescent proteins
ID MULTIVARIATE CURVE RESOLUTION; AUTOMATED-ANALYSIS; ALGORITHM; REMOVAL;
IMAGES
AB Cellular autofluorescence, though ubiquitous when imaging cells and tissues, is often assumed to be small in comparison to the signal of interest. Uniform estimates of autofluorescence intensity obtained from separate control specimens are commonly employed to correct for autofluorescence. While these may be sufficient for high signal-to-background applications, improvements in detector and probe technologies and introduction of spectral imaging microscopes have increased the sensitivity of fluorescence imaging methods, exposing the possibility of effectively probing the low signal-to-background regime. With spectral imaging, reliable monitoring of signals near or even below the noise levels of the microscope is possible if compensation for autofluorescence and background signals can be performed accurately. We demonstrate the importance of accurate autofluorescence modeling and the utility of spectral imaging and multivariate analysis methods using a case study focusing on fluorescence confocal spectral imaging of host-pathogen interactions. In this application fluorescent proteins are produced when Francisella novicida invade host macrophage cells. The resulting analyte signal is spectrally overlapped and typically weaker than the cellular autofluorescence. In addition to discussing the advantages of spectral imaging for following pathogen invasion, we present the spectral properties and cellular origin of macrophage autofluorescence.
C1 [Davis, Ryan W.; Kaiser, Julia N.; Lane, Todd W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Timlin, Jerilyn A.; Sinclair, Michael B.; Jones, Howland D. T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA.
RP Davis, RW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM rwdavis@sandia.gov
OI Lane, Todd/0000-0002-5816-2649; Timlin, Jerilyn/0000-0003-2953-1721
FU NIH HHS [1-DP2-OD006673-01, DP2 OD006673, DP2 OD006673-01]
NR 35
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 4
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 1431-9276
J9 MICROSC MICROANAL
JI Microsc. microanal.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 16
IS 4
SI SI
BP 478
EP 487
DI 10.1017/S1431927610000322
PG 10
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy
SC Materials Science; Microscopy
GA 638AO
UT WOS:000280862100015
PM 20569528
ER
PT J
AU Shabalina, SA
Ogurtsov, AY
Spiridonov, AN
Novichkov, PS
Spiridonov, NA
Koonin, EV
AF Shabalina, Svetlana A.
Ogurtsov, Aleksey Y.
Spiridonov, Alexey N.
Novichkov, Pavel S.
Spiridonov, Nikolay A.
Koonin, Eugene V.
TI Distinct Patterns of Expression and Evolution of Intronless and
Intron-Containing Mammalian Genes
SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
LA English
DT Article
DE alternative splicing; intronless genes; monomorphic genes; polymorphic
genes; mammalian gene evolution
ID NETWORK; GENOME; EXPORT; CELLS; RATES
AB Comparison of expression levels and breadth and evolutionary rates of intronless and intron-containing mammalian genes shows that intronless genes are expressed at lower levels, tend to be tissue specific, and evolve significantly faster than spliced genes. By contrast, monomorphic spliced genes that are not subject to detectable alternative splicing and polymorphic alternatively spliced genes show similar statistically indistinguishable patterns of expression and evolution. Alternative splicing is most common in ancient genes, whereas intronless genes appear to have relatively recent origins. These results imply tight coupling between different stages of gene expression, in particular, transcription, splicing, and nucleocytosolic transport of transcripts, and suggest that formation of intronless genes is an important route of evolution of novel tissue-specific functions in animals.
C1 [Shabalina, Svetlana A.; Ogurtsov, Aleksey Y.; Koonin, Eugene V.] NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Spiridonov, Alexey N.] MIT, Dept Math, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Novichkov, Pavel S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Spiridonov, Nikolay A.] US FDA, Div Therapeut Prot, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA.
RP Shabalina, SA (reprint author), NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
EM shabalin@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov; koonin@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
RI Shabalina, Svetlana/N-8939-2013; Spiridonov, Nikolay/B-6287-2014
OI Shabalina, Svetlana/0000-0003-2272-7473;
FU Department of Health and Human Services (National Library of Medicine,
National Institutes of Health)
FX The authors' research is supported by the intramural funds of the
Department of Health and Human Services (National Library of Medicine,
National Institutes of Health).
NR 29
TC 34
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 5
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0737-4038
J9 MOL BIOL EVOL
JI Mol. Biol. Evol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 27
IS 8
BP 1745
EP 1749
DI 10.1093/molbev/msq086
PG 5
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics &
Heredity
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics &
Heredity
GA 630TI
UT WOS:000280296700002
PM 20360214
ER
PT J
AU Ricklin, D
Chen, H
Hammel, M
Garcia, BL
McWhorter, WJ
Sfyroera, G
Wu, YQ
Tzekou, A
Li, S
Geisbrecht, BV
Woods, VL
Lambris, JD
AF Ricklin, Daniel
Chen, Hui
Hammel, Michal
Garcia, Brandon L.
McWhorter, William J.
Sfyroera, Georgia
Wu, You-Qiang
Tzekou, Apostolia
Li, Sheng
Geisbrecht, Brian V.
Woods, Virgil L.
Lambris, John D.
TI Allosteric inhibition of complement function by the Staphylococcal
immune evasion protein Efb
SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 23rd International National Complement Workshop
CY AUG 01-05, 2010
CL New York, NY
C1 [Ricklin, Daniel; Chen, Hui; Sfyroera, Georgia; Wu, You-Qiang; Tzekou, Apostolia; Lambris, John D.] Univ Penn, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Hammel, Michal] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Garcia, Brandon L.; McWhorter, William J.; Geisbrecht, Brian V.] Univ Missouri, Sch Biol Sci, Div Cell Biol & Biophys, Kansas City, MO USA.
[Li, Sheng; Woods, Virgil L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RI Ricklin, Daniel/F-5104-2011
OI Ricklin, Daniel/0000-0001-6140-0233
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0161-5890
J9 MOL IMMUNOL
JI Mol. Immunol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 47
IS 13
SI SI
MA 220
BP 2244
EP 2245
DI 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.05.144
PG 2
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology
GA 630JE
UT WOS:000280268400137
ER
PT J
AU Sullivan, M
Conley, A
Howell, DA
Neill, JD
Astier, P
Balland, C
Basa, S
Carlberg, RG
Fouchez, D
Guy, J
Hardin, D
Hook, IM
Pain, R
Palanque-Delabrouille, N
Perrett, KM
Pritchet, CJ
Regnault, N
Rich, J
Ruhlmann-Kleider, V
Baumont, S
Hsiao, E
Kronborg, T
Lidman, C
Perlmutter, S
Walker, ES
AF Sullivan, M.
Conley, A.
Howell, D. A.
Neill, J. D.
Astier, P.
Balland, C.
Basa, S.
Carlberg, R. G.
Fouchez, D.
Guy, J.
Hardin, D.
Hook, I. M.
Pain, R.
Palanque-Delabrouille, N.
Perrett, K. M.
Pritchet, C. J.
Regnault, N.
Rich, J.
Ruhlmann-Kleider, V.
Baumont, S.
Hsiao, E.
Kronborg, T.
Lidman, C.
Perlmutter, S.
Walker, E. S.
TI The dependence of Type Ia Supernovae luminosities on their host galaxies
SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE supernovae: general; cosmology: observations; distance scale
ID MASS-METALLICITY RELATION; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; STAR-FORMING
GALAXIES; LIGHT-CURVE SHAPES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; DEEP SURVEY; LEGACY
SURVEY; DARK ENERGY; EVOLUTION; REDSHIFT
AB Precision cosmology with Type la supernovae (SNe Ia) makes use of the fact that SN Ia luminosities depend on their light-curve shapes and colours. Using Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS) and other data, we show that there is an additional dependence on the global characteristics of their host galaxies: events of the same light-curve shape and colour are, on average, 0.08 mag (similar or equal to 4.0 sigma) brighter in massive host galaxies (presumably metal-rich) and galaxies with low specific star formation rates (sSFR). These trends do not depend on any assumed cosmological model, and are independent of the SN light-curve width: both fast and slow-declining events show the same trends. SNe Ia in galaxies with a low sSFR also have a smaller slope ('beta') between their luminosities and colours with similar to 2.7 sigma significance, and a smaller scatter on SN la Hubble diagrams (at 95 per cent confidence), though the significance of these effects is dependent on the reddest SNe. SN Ia colours are similar between low-mass and high-mass hosts, leading us to interpret their luminosity differences as an intrinsic property of the SNe and not of some external factor such as dust. If the host stellar mass is interpreted as a metallicity indicator using galaxy mass-metallicity relations, the luminosity trends are in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions. We show that the average stellar mass, and therefore the average metallicity, of our SN Ia host galaxies decreases with redshift. The SN la luminosity differences consequently introduce a systematic error in cosmological analyses, comparable to the current statistical uncertainties on parameters such as in, the equation of state of dark energy. We show that the use of two SN Ia absolute magnitudes, one for events in high-mass (metal-rich) galaxies and the other for events in low-mass (metal-poor) galaxies, adequately corrects for the differences. Cosmological fits incorporating these terms give a significant reduction in chi(2) (3.8 sigma-4.5 sigma); linear corrections based on host parameters do not perform as well. We conclude that all future SN la cosmological analyses should use a correction of this (or similar) form to control demographic shifts in the underlying galaxy population.
C1 [Sullivan, M.; Hook, I. M.; Walker, E. S.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys Astrophys, DWB, Oxford OX1 3RH, England.
[Conley, A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Howell, D. A.] Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope Network, Goleta, CA 93117 USA.
[Howell, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Neill, J. D.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Astier, P.; Guy, J.; Hardin, D.; Pain, R.; Regnault, N.; Baumont, S.; Kronborg, T.] Univ Paris 07, Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, CNRS,IN2P3, F-75252 Paris 05, France.
[Balland, C.] Univ Paris 11, F-91405 Orsay, France.
[Balland, C.; Basa, S.] LAM, F-13388 Marseille 13, France.
[Carlberg, R. G.; Perrett, K. M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada.
[Fouchez, D.] Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, CNRS, IN2P3, F-13288 Marseille 9, France.
[Hook, I. M.] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, RM, Italy.
[Palanque-Delabrouille, N.; Rich, J.; Ruhlmann-Kleider, V.] CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu Spp, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Perrett, K. M.] DRDC Ottawa, Network Informat Operat, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Z4, Canada.
[Pritchet, C. J.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8T 1M8, Canada.
[Baumont, S.] CNRS IN2P3, LPSC, F-38026 Grenoble, France.
[Hsiao, E.; Perlmutter, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Lidman, C.] Anglo Australian Observ, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia.
[Perlmutter, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Walker, E. S.] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
RP Sullivan, M (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys Astrophys, DWB, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England.
EM sullivan@astro.ox.ac.uk
RI Carlberg, Raymond/I-6947-2012; Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015;
OI Carlberg, Raymond/0000-0002-7667-0081; Perlmutter,
Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661; Sullivan, Mark/0000-0001-9053-4820
FU Royal Society; Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-07-BLAN-0228];
NSERC; CIAR; CNRS/IN2P3; CNRS/INSU; CEA; W. M. Keck Foundation;
Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy. Inc., under NASA
[NAS 5-26555]
FX MS acknowledges support from the Royal Society. This paper is based in
part on observations obtained with MegaPrime/MegaCam, a joint project of
CFHT and CEA/DAPNIA, at the Canada France Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) which
is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the
Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers of the Centre National de la
Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) of France and the University of Hawaii.
This work is based in part on data products produced at the Canadian
Astronomy Data Centre as part of the CFHT Legacy Survey, a collaborative
project of NRC and CNRS. Based in part on observations obtained with
WIRCam, a joint project of CFHT, Taiwan, Korea, Canada, France, at the
Canada France Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) which is operated by the National
Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institute National des Sciences de
l'Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique of France,
and the University of Hawaii. This work is based in part on data
products produced at TERAPIX, the WIRDS (WIRcam Deep Survey) consortium,
and the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre. This research was supported by a
grant from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche ANR-07-BLAN-0228.
Canadian collaboration members acknowledge support from NSERC and CIAR;
French collaboration members from CNRS/IN2P3. CNRS/INSU and CEA. Based
in part on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the Paranal
Observatory under program IDs 171.A-0486 and 176.A-0589. Based in part
on observations obtained at the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by
the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy. Inc., under a
cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership:
the National Science Foundation (United States), the Science and
Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom), the National Research
Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research Council
(Australia), Ministrio da Cincia e Tecnologia (Brazil) and Ministerio de
Ciencia. Tecnologa e Innovacin Productiva (Argentina). The programmes
under which data were obtained at the Gemini Observatory are:
GS-2003B-Q-8, GN-2003B-Q-9, GS-2004A-Q-11. GN-2004A-Q-19, GS-2004B-Q-31,
GN-2004B-Q-16, GS-2005A-Q-11. GN-2005A-11, GS-2005B-Q-6, GN-2005B-Q-7,
GN-2006A-Q-7 and GN-2006BQ-10. Some of the data presented herein were
obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a
scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the
University of California and the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous
financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. Based on observations
made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space
Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of
Universities for Research in Astronomy. Inc., under NASA contract NAS
5-26555.
NR 92
TC 179
Z9 181
U1 0
U2 2
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0035-8711
J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC
JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 406
IS 2
BP 782
EP 802
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16731.x
PG 21
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 636EE
UT WOS:000280710300006
ER
PT J
AU Fan, ZH
Liu, SM
Fryer, CL
AF Fan, Zhonghui
Liu, Siming
Fryer, Christopher L.
TI Stochastic electron acceleration in the TeV supernova remnant RX
J1713.7-3946: the high-energy cut-off
SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE acceleration of particles; MHD; plasmas; shock waves; turbulence; ISM:
supernova remnants
ID COSMIC-RAY ACCELERATION; COMPRESSIBLE MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE;
MAGNETIC-FIELD AMPLIFICATION; DIFFUSIVE SHOCK ACCELERATION;
PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; SOLAR-FLARES; NONTHERMAL EMISSION; ORIGIN; WAVES;
RADIATION
AB In the leptonic scenario for TeV emission from a few well-observed shell-type TeV supernova remnants (STTSNRs), very weak magnetic fields are inferred. If fast-mode waves are produced efficiently in the shock downstream, we show that they are viable agents for acceleration of relativistic electrons inferred from the observed spectra even in the subsonic phase, in spite that these waves are subject to strong damping by thermal background ions at small dissipation scales. Strong collisionless non-relativistic astrophysical shocks are studied with the assumption of a constant Alfven speed in the downstream. The turbulence evolution is modelled with both the Kolmogorov and Kraichnan phenomenology. Processes determining the high-energy cut-off of non-thermal electron distributions are examined. The Kraichnan models lead to a shallower high-energy cut-off of the electron distribution and require a lower downstream density than the Kolmogorov models to fit a given emission spectrum. With reasonable parameters, the model explains observations of STTSNRs, including recent data obtained with the Fermi gamma-ray telescope. More detailed studies of the turbulence generation and dissipation processes, supernova explosions and progenitors are warranted for better understanding of the nature of supernova shocks.
C1 [Fan, Zhonghui] Yunnan Univ, Dept Phys, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
[Liu, Siming] Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland.
[Fryer, Christopher L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Fryer, Christopher L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Fan, ZH (reprint author), Yunnan Univ, Dept Phys, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
EM fanzh@ynu.edu.cn; sliu@astro.gla.ac.uk; fryer@lanl.gov
RI liu, siming/B-5389-2011
FU EU [MTRN-CT-2006-035484]; National Science Foundation of China
[10963004, 10778702]; Yunnan Provincial Science Foundation of China
[2008CD061]; SRFDP of China [20095301120006]
FX We thank the referee for critical reviews of the paper, which made us
examine the acceleration time-scale and the shape of the high-energy
cut-off of the electron distributions carefully. SL acknowledges support
from the EU's SOLAIRE Research and Training Network at the University of
Glasgow (MTRN-CT-2006-035484) and thanks Lyndsay Fletcher for constant
support, and John Kirk and Christian Fendt for invitation to the
workshop entitled 'The high-energy astrophysics of outflows from compact
object', where some ideas in this paper were conceived. This work is
supported in part by the National Science Foundation of China (grants
10963004 and 10778702), Yunnan Provincial Science Foundation of China
(grant 2008CD061), SRFDP of China (grant 20095301120006), and also under
the auspices of the US Department of Energy by its contract
W-7405-ENG-36 to Los Alamos National Laboratory.
NR 78
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0035-8711
J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC
JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 406
IS 2
BP 1337
EP 1349
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16767.x
PG 13
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 636EE
UT WOS:000280710300050
ER
PT J
AU Evans, KJ
Taylor, MA
Drake, JB
AF Evans, Katherine J.
Taylor, Mark A.
Drake, John B.
TI Accuracy Analysis of a Spectral Element Atmospheric Model Using a Fully
Implicit Solution Framework
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; DYNAMICAL CORE; TEST SET;
ALGORITHM; CONVECTION; SPHERE
AB A fully implicit (FI) time integration method has been implemented into a spectral finite-element shallow-water equation model on a sphere, and it is compared to existing fully explicit leapfrog and semi-implicit methods for a suite of test cases. This experiment is designed to determine the time step sizes that minimize simulation time while maintaining sufficient accuracy for these problems. For test cases without an analytical solution from which to compare, it is demonstrated that time step sizes 30-60 times larger than the gravity wave stability limits and 6-20 times larger than the advective-scale stability limits are possible using the FI method without a loss in accuracy, depending on the problem being solved. For a steady-state test case, the FI method produces error within machine accuracy limits as with existing methods, but using an arbitrarily large time step size.
C1 [Evans, Katherine J.; Drake, John B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Taylor, Mark A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Evans, KJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,POB 2008,MS6016, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM evanskj@ornl.gov
OI Evans, Katherine/0000-0001-8174-6450
FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Department of Energy; Sandia
National Laboratories Institute for Advanced Algorithms and
Architectures; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX This work was supported by a combination of an Oak Ridge National
Laboratory (ORNL) Research and Development Program, the Department of
Energy Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Program, and the
Joint ORNL and Sandia National Laboratories Institute for Advanced
Algorithms and Architectures. This research used resources of the
National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S.
Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.
NR 25
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 138
IS 8
BP 3333
EP 3341
DI 10.1175/2010MWR3288.1
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 646CZ
UT WOS:000281514900018
ER
PT J
AU Nozik, AJ
AF Nozik, Arthur J.
TI Nanoscience and Nanostructures for Photovoltaics and Solar Fuels
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Quantum dot solar cells; multiple exciton generation; MEG; third
generation photovoltaics; nanostructures for photovoltaics
ID MULTIPLE EXCITON GENERATION; CARRIER-MULTIPLICATION EFFICIENCY;
LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; PBS QUANTUM DOTS; IMPACT IONIZATION;
SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; CELL EFFICIENCY; MOLECULAR PHOTOVOLTAICS;
COLLOIDAL NANOCRYSTALS; CHARGE SEPARATION
AB Quantum confinement of electronic particles (negative electrons and positive holes) in nanocrystals produces unique optical and electronic properties that have the potential to enhance the power conversion efficiency of solar cells for photovoltaic and solar fuels production at lower cost. These approaches and applications are labeled third generation solar photon conversion. Prominent among these unique properties is the efficient formation of more than one electron hole pair (called excitons in nanocrystals) from a single absorbed photon. In isolated nanocrystals that have three-dimensional confinement of charge carriers (quantum dots) or two-dimensional confinement (quantum wires and rods) this process is termed multiple exciton generation. This Perspective presents a summary of our present understanding of the science of optoclectronic properties of nanocrystals and a prognosis for and review of the technological status of nanocrystals and nanostructurcs for third generation photovoltaic cells and solar fuels production.
C1 [Nozik, Arthur J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Nozik, Arthur J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Nozik, AJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RI Nozik, Arthur/A-1481-2012; Nozik, Arthur/P-2641-2016
FU Center for Advanced Solar Photophysics; U.S. Department of Energy,
Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Division of Chemical
Sciences, Geosciences, and Bio-sciences in the Office of Basic Energy
Sciences of the Department of Energy; DOE [DE-AC36-086038308]
FX During the preparation of this manuscript the author has been supported
by the Center for Advanced Solar Photophysics, an Energy Frontier
Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The research by the author and
his colleagues discussed here was supported by the Division of Chemical
Sciences, Geosciences, and Bio-sciences in the Office of Basic Energy
Sciences of the Department of Energy; the author thanks the many
colleagues who made critical contributions to the reviewed work: Matt
Beard, Joey Luther, Mark Hanna, Justin Johnson, Olga Micic (deceased),
Matt Law, Randy Ellingson, Jim Murphy, Sasha Efros, Aaron Midgett, Tavi
Semonin, Hugh Hillhouse, Pin-grong Yu, Kelly Knutsen, Barbara Hughes,
Rob Ross, and Ferd Williams (deceased). DOE funding was provided to NREL
through Contract DE-AC36-086038308.
NR 77
TC 233
Z9 239
U1 12
U2 126
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 8
BP 2735
EP 2741
DI 10.1021/nl102122x
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 636JO
UT WOS:000280728900001
PM 20597472
ER
PT J
AU Shin, SJ
Guzman, J
Yuan, CW
Liao, CY
Boswell-Koller, CN
Stone, PR
Dubon, OD
Minor, AM
Watanabe, M
Beeman, JW
Yu, KM
Ager, JW
Chrzan, DC
Haller, EE
AF Shin, S. J.
Guzman, J.
Yuan, C. -W.
Liao, Christopher Y.
Boswell-Koller, Cosima N.
Stone, P. R.
Dubon, O. D.
Minor, A. M.
Watanabe, Masashi
Beeman, Jeffrey W.
Yu, K. M.
Ager, J. W., III
Chrzan, D. C.
Haller, E. E.
TI Embedded Binary Eutectic Alloy Nanostructures: A New Class of Phase
Change Materials
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE phase change; eutectic; information storage; semiconductor nanocrystals;
GeSn
ID LIQUID-SOLID GROWTH; INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; LAYER
EXCHANGE; DIFFUSION; STORAGE; DIAGRAM; FILMS
AB Phase change materials are essential to a number of technologies ranging from optical data storage to energy storage and transport applications. This widespread interest has given rise to a substantial effort to develop bulk phase change materials well suited for desired applications. Here, we suggest a novel and complementary approach, the use of binary eutectic alloy nanoparticles embedded within a matrix. Using GeSn nanoparticles embedded in silica as an example, we establish that the presence of a nanoparticle/matrix interface enables one to stabilize both nanobicrystal and homogeneous alloy morphologies. Further, the kinetics of switching between the two morphologies can be tuned simply by altering the composition.
C1 [Shin, S. J.; Guzman, J.; Yuan, C. -W.; Liao, Christopher Y.; Boswell-Koller, Cosima N.; Stone, P. R.; Dubon, O. D.; Minor, A. M.; Chrzan, D. C.; Haller, E. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Shin, S. J.; Guzman, J.; Yuan, C. -W.; Liao, Christopher Y.; Boswell-Koller, Cosima N.; Stone, P. R.; Dubon, O. D.; Beeman, Jeffrey W.; Yu, K. M.; Ager, J. W., III; Chrzan, D. C.; Haller, E. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Minor, A. M.; Watanabe, Masashi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Chrzan, DC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM dcchrzan@berkeley.edu
RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012;
OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751
FU Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division
of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF IGERT; Berkeley Graduate Fellowship; U.S. NSF
[DMR-0405472, DMR-0902179]; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department
of Energy [DE-AC02-O5CH11231]
FX We thank Allyson Aranda and Erik Nelson for their expert support at
Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL). This work was
supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the U.S.
Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. SJS
acknowledges support from NSF IGERT program. J.G. was supported by the
Berkeley Graduate Fellowship and U.S. NSF Grant Nos. DMR-0405472 and
DMR-0902179. P. R. S. acknowledges fellowship support from the National
Science Foundation. Electron microscopy experiments were conducted at
the National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under
Contract No. DE-AC02-O5CH11231. EXAFS experiments were carried out at
SSRL, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf
of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences.
NR 32
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 2
U2 37
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 8
BP 2794
EP 2798
DI 10.1021/nl100670r
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 636JO
UT WOS:000280728900011
PM 20698591
ER
PT J
AU Choi, DW
Wang, DH
Bae, IT
Xiao, J
Nie, ZM
Wang, W
Viswanathan, VV
Lee, YJ
Zhang, JG
Graff, GL
Yang, ZG
Liu, J
AF Choi, Daiwon
Wang, Donghai
Bae, In-Tae
Xiao, Jie
Nie, Zimin
Wang, Wei
Viswanathan, Vilayanur V.
Lee, Yun Jung
Zhang, Ji-Guang
Graff, Gordon L.
Yang, Zhenguo
Liu, Jun
TI LiMnPO4 Nanoplate Grown via Solid-State Reaction in Molten Hydrocarbon
for Li-Ion Battery Cathode
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Li-ion battery; cathode; LiMnPO4; surfactant; nanoplate
ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; MANGANESE PHOSPHATE; OLEIC-ACID;
ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; MECHANISM;
0-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-X-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-1; NANOCRYSTALS;
CARBONATE; PRECURSOR
AB Electrochemically active LiMnPO4 nanoplates have been synthesized via a novel, single-step, solid-state reaction in molten hydrocarbon. The olivine-structured LiMnPO4 nanoplates with a thickness of similar to 50 nm appear porous and were formed as nanocrystals were assembled and grew into nanorods along the [010] direction in the (100) plane. After carbon coating, the prepared LiMnPO4 cathode demonstrated a flat potential at 4.1 V versus Li with a specific capacity reaching as high as 168 mAh/g under a galvanostatic charging/discharging mode, along with an excellent cyclability.
C1 [Choi, Daiwon; Wang, Donghai; Xiao, Jie; Nie, Zimin; Wang, Wei; Viswanathan, Vilayanur V.; Lee, Yun Jung; Zhang, Ji-Guang; Graff, Gordon L.; Yang, Zhenguo; Liu, Jun] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Bae, In-Tae] SUNY Binghamton, Small Scale Syst Integrat & Packaging Ctr, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA.
RP Choi, DW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM daiwon.choi@pnl.gov
RI Wang, Wei/F-4196-2010; Choi, Daiwon/B-6593-2008; Wang,
Donghai/L-1150-2013
OI Wang, Wei/0000-0002-5453-4695; Wang, Donghai/0000-0001-7261-8510
FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); U.S. Department of
Energy's (DOE's) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy;
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability; Office of Vehicle
Technologies; DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; DOE
[DE-AC05-76RL01830]
FX This work is supported by the Laboratory-Directed Research and
Development Program of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
and by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and
Energy Reliability and Office of Vehicle Technologies. The transmission
electron microscopy investigation was performed in the Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility
sponsored by DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. PNNL
is a multiprogram laboratory operated for DOE by Battelle under Contract
DE-AC05-76RL01830. HRTEM support from Scale Systems Integration and
Packaging (S3IP) Center at SUNY Binghamton was provided by
the Empire State Development Corporation.
NR 44
TC 231
Z9 244
U1 17
U2 216
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 8
BP 2799
EP 2805
DI 10.1021/nl1007085
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 636JO
UT WOS:000280728900012
PM 20698592
ER
PT J
AU Koenigsmann, C
Zhou, WP
Adzic, RR
Sutter, E
Wong, SS
AF Koenigsmann, Christopher
Zhou, Wei-ping
Adzic, Radoslav R.
Sutter, Eli
Wong, Stanislaus S.
TI Size-Dependent Enhancement of Electrocatalytic Performance in Relatively
Defect-Free, Processed Ultrathin Platinum Nanowires
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Platinum; nanowires; electrocatalysis; oxygen reduction reaction
ID OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; FUEL-CELL; KINETIC-PARAMETERS; SURFACES;
PT(111); NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOPARTICLES; PERSPECTIVE; ADSORPTION;
ELECTRODES
AB We report on the synthesis. characterization, and electrocatalytic performance of ultrathin Pt nanowires with a diameter of less than 2 nm. An acid-wash protocol was employed in order to yield highly exfoliated, crystalline nanowires with a diameter of 1.3 +/- 0.4 nm. The electrocatalytic activity of these nanowires toward the oxygen reduction reaction was studied in relation to the activity of both supported and unsupported Pt nanoparticles as well as with previously synthesized Pt nanotubes. Our ultrathin, acid-treated, unsupported nanowires displayed an electrochemical surface area activity of 1.45 mA/cm(2), which was nearly 4 times greater than that of analogous, unsupported platinum nanotubes and 7 times greater than that of commercial supported platinum nanoparticles.
C1 [Koenigsmann, Christopher; Wong, Stanislaus S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Zhou, Wei-ping; Adzic, Radoslav R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Sutter, Eli] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Wong, Stanislaus S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Wong, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
EM sswong@notes.cc.sunysb.edu
RI zhou, weiping/C-6832-2012
OI zhou, weiping/0000-0002-8058-7280
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX We acknowledge the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-98CH10886) for
facility and personnel (including PI) support and for all
electrochemical experiments performed. Moreover, research carried out
(in whole or in part, such as the transmission electron microscopy
studies) at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National
Laboratory, is also supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office
of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. S.S.W.
also thanks the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation for experimental supplies
necessary for the synthesis reactions.
NR 38
TC 152
Z9 153
U1 12
U2 89
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 8
BP 2806
EP 2811
DI 10.1021/nl100718k
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 636JO
UT WOS:000280728900013
PM 20608712
ER
PT J
AU Girard, SN
He, JQ
Li, CP
Moses, S
Wang, GY
Uher, C
Dravid, VP
Kanatzidis, MG
AF Girard, Steven N.
He, Jiaqing
Li, Changpeng
Moses, Steven
Wang, Guoyu
Uher, Ctirad
Dravid, Vinayak P.
Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.
TI In Situ Nanostructure Generation and Evolution within a Bulk
Thermoelectric Material to Reduce Lattice Thermal Conductivity
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Thermoelectric materials; thermal conductivity; nucleation and growth;
semiconductors
ID FIGURE-OF-MERIT; SYSTEM PBS-PBTE; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; LEAD
CHALCOGENIDES; PHASE-RELATIONS; PERFORMANCE; ALLOYS; GERMANIUM; SILICON;
SUPERLATTICES
AB We show experimentally the direct reduction in lattice thermal conductivity as a result of in situ nanostructure generation within a thermoelectric material. Solid solution alloys of the high-performance thermoelectric PbTe-PbS 8% can be synthesized through rapid cooling and subsequent high-temperature activation that induces a spontaneous nucleation and growth of PbS nanocrystals. The emergence of coherent PbS nanostructures reduces the lattice thermal conductivity from similar to 1 to similar to 0.4 W/mK between 400 and 500 K.
C1 [Girard, Steven N.; He, Jiaqing; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
[He, Jiaqing; Dravid, Vinayak P.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
[Li, Changpeng; Moses, Steven; Wang, Guoyu; Uher, Ctirad] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Kanatzidis, MG (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
EM m-kanatzidis@northwestern.edu
RI Dravid, Vinayak/B-6688-2009; He, Jiaqing/A-2245-2010; Wang,
Guoyu/A-9544-2011;
OI Wang, Guoyu/0000-0003-0431-742X
FU Office of Naval Research; NSF-NSEC; NSF-MRSEC; Keck Foundation; State of
Illinois; Northwestern University; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001054]
FX The authors thank the Office of Naval Research for primary funding for
this work. The SEM and TEM work was performed in the EPIC facility of
the NUANCE Center at Northwestern University. The NUANCE Center is
supported by NSF-NSEC, NSF-MRSEC, Keck Foundation, the State of
Illinois, and Northwestern University. Hall measurements at the UM and
TEM studies at NU were supported as part of the Revolutionary Materials
for Solid State Energy Conversion, an Energy Frontier Research center
funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
under Award Number DE-SC0001054.
NR 44
TC 57
Z9 58
U1 3
U2 62
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 8
BP 2825
EP 2831
DI 10.1021/nl100743q
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 636JO
UT WOS:000280728900016
PM 20698594
ER
PT J
AU Bora, M
Fasenfest, BJ
Behymer, EM
Chang, ASP
Nguyen, HT
Britten, JA
Larson, CC
Chan, JW
Miles, RR
Bond, TC
AF Bora, Mihail
Fasenfest, Benjamin J.
Behymer, Elaine M.
Chang, Allan S-P
Nguyen, Hoang T.
Britten, Jerald A.
Larson, Cindy C.
Chan, James W.
Miles, Robin R.
Bond, Tiziana C.
TI Plasmon Resonant Cavities in Vertical Nanowire Arrays
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Plasmon; resonant cavity; nanowire; metal-dielectric-metal
ID WAVE-GUIDES; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION
AB We investigate tunable plasmon resonant cavity arrays in paired parallel nanowire waveguides. Resonances are observed when the waveguide length is an odd multiple of quarter plasmon wavelengths, consistent with boundary conditions of node and antinode at the ends. Two nanowire waveguides satisfy the dispersion relation of a planar metal-dielectric-metal waveguide of equivalent width equal to the square field average weighted gap. Confinement factors over 10(3) are possible due to plasmon focusing in the interwire space.
C1 [Bora, Mihail; Fasenfest, Benjamin J.; Behymer, Elaine M.; Chang, Allan S-P; Nguyen, Hoang T.; Britten, Jerald A.; Larson, Cindy C.; Chan, James W.; Miles, Robin R.; Bond, Tiziana C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Bora, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM bora1@llnl.gov; bond7@llnl.gov
RI Chan, James/J-3829-2014
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-425128]; DARPA
SERS ST Fundamentals
FX The authors thank Nick Teslich and Ed Sedillio for their help on the
preparation of the SEM samples. This work was performed under the
auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-425128. We
acknowledge support from DARPA SERS S&T Fundamentals.
NR 23
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 4
U2 29
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
EI 1530-6992
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 8
BP 2832
EP 2837
DI 10.1021/nl1008376
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 636JO
UT WOS:000280728900017
PM 20698595
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, JF
Ge, JC
Shultz, MD
Chung, EN
Singh, G
Shu, CY
Fatouros, PP
Henderson, SC
Corwin, FD
Geohegan, DB
Puretzky, AA
Rouleau, CM
More, K
Rylander, C
Rylander, MN
Gibson, HW
Dorn, HC
AF Zhang, Jianfei
Ge, Jiechao
Shultz, Michael D.
Chung, Eunna
Singh, Gurpreet
Shu, Chunying
Fatouros, Panos P.
Henderson, Scott C.
Corwin, Frank D.
Geohegan, David B.
Puretzky, Alex A.
Rouleau, Christopher M.
More, Karren
Rylander, Christopher
Rylander, Marissa Nichole
Gibson, Harry W.
Dorn, Harry C.
TI In Vitro and in Vivo Studies of Single-Walled Carbon Nanohorns with
Encapsulated Metallofullerenes and Exohedrally Functionalized Quantum
Dots
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Carbon nanohorns; peapods; quantum dots; in vitro; in vivo
ID MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLES; DRUG CARRIERS; NANOTUBES; SOLUBILIZATION;
CONJUGATE; CISPLATIN; TOXICITY; RELEASE
AB Single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) are new carbonaceous materials. In this paper, we report the first successful preparation of SWNHs encapsulating trimetallic nitride template endohedral metallofullerenes (TNT-EMFs). The resultant materials were functionalized by a high-speed vibration milling method and conjugated with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). The successful encapsulation of TNT-EMFs and external functionalization with QDs provide a dual diagnostic platform for in vitro and in vivo biomedical applications of these new carbonaceous materials.
C1 [Zhang, Jianfei; Ge, Jiechao; Shu, Chunying; Gibson, Harry W.; Dorn, Harry C.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA.
[Chung, Eunna; Rylander, Christopher; Rylander, Marissa Nichole] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA.
[Chung, Eunna; Rylander, Christopher; Rylander, Marissa Nichole] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Sch Biomed Engn & Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA.
[Singh, Gurpreet] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Inst Crit Technol & Appl Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA.
[Shultz, Michael D.; Fatouros, Panos P.; Corwin, Frank D.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Radiol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA.
[Henderson, Scott C.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA.
[Geohegan, David B.; Puretzky, Alex A.; Rouleau, Christopher M.; More, Karren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Geohegan, David B.; Puretzky, Alex A.; Rouleau, Christopher M.; More, Karren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SHARE Facil, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Dorn, HC (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA.
EM hdorn@vt.edu
RI Zhang, Jianfei/D-7749-2012; Singh, Gurpreet/J-9083-2012; Dorn,
Harry/K-6830-2013; Rylander, Chris /F-2454-2014; Rylander, Marissa
Nichole/F-2455-2014; Rouleau, Christopher/Q-2737-2015; More,
Karren/A-8097-2016; Puretzky, Alexander/B-5567-2016; Geohegan,
David/D-3599-2013;
OI Rouleau, Christopher/0000-0002-5488-3537; More,
Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097; Puretzky, Alexander/0000-0002-9996-4429;
Geohegan, David/0000-0003-0273-3139; Henderson,
Scott/0000-0002-1076-3867
FU National Institutes of Health [1 R2 1 CAI35230-01, CAI19371]; U.S.
Department of Energy, BES-DSUF; U.S. Department of Energy, BES-DMSE;
NIH-NINDS Center Core [5P30NS047463]
FX This work was partially funded by the National Institutes of Health
Grants 1 R2 1 CAI35230-01 and CAI19371. User research at the Center for
Nanophase Materials Sciences and SHaRE Facility at ORNL sponsored by the
U.S. Department of Energy, BES-DSUF. Nanohorn synthesis science funded
by the U.S. Department of Energy, BES-DMSE. Confocal microscopy was
performed at the VCU-Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy Microscopy
Facility, supported, in part, with funding from NIH-NINDS Center Core
Grant 5P30NS047463.
NR 37
TC 33
Z9 34
U1 1
U2 41
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 8
BP 2843
EP 2848
DI 10.1021/nl1008635
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 636JO
UT WOS:000280728900019
PM 20698597
ER
PT J
AU Swaraj, S
Wang, C
Yan, HP
Watts, B
Jan, LN
McNeill, CR
Ade, H
AF Swaraj, Sufal
Wang, Cheng
Yan, Hongping
Watts, Benjamin
Jan Luening
McNeill, Christopher R.
Ade, Harald
TI Nanomorphology of Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaic Thin Films Probed
with Resonant Soft X-ray Scattering
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Polymer blends; X-ray scattering; organic solar cells; morphology
ID POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; NANOSCALE MORPHOLOGY; CHARGE GENERATION;
PHASE-SEPARATION; BLENDS; PERFORMANCE; DEVICES; ORGANIZATION;
PHOTODIODES; MICROSCOPY
AB The bulk nanomorphology of organic bulk heterojunction devices, particularly of all-polymer devices, is difficult to characterize due to limited electron density contrast between constituent materials. Resonant soft X-ray scattering can overcome this problem and is used to show that the morphologies in chloroform cast and subsequently annealed polylluorene copolymer poly(9,9'-dioctylfluorene-co-bis(N-N'(4,butylphenyl))bis(N,N'-phenyl-1,4-phenylene)diamine) (PFB) and poly(9,9'-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) blends exhibit a hierarchy of length scales with impure domains in as-cast films. With annealing, these domains first become purer at the smallest length scale and only then evolve in size with annealing. Even optimized cells using present fabrication methods are found to have a dominant domain size much larger than the exciton diffusion length. The observed morphology is Far from ideal for efficient solar cell operation and very different front those achieved in high-efficiency fullerene-based devices. This strongly implies that lack of morphological control contributes to the relatively poor performance of the all-polymer PFB/F8BT devices and may be problematic for all-polymer devices in general. Novel processing strategies will have to be employed to harness the full potential these high open circuit voltage devices offer.
C1 [McNeill, Christopher R.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Dept Phys, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England.
[Swaraj, Sufal; Yan, Hongping; Watts, Benjamin; Ade, Harald] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Wang, Cheng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Jan Luening] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Swaraj, Sufal] Synchrotron SOLEIL, F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Watts, Benjamin] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
[Jan Luening] Univ Paris 06, Chim Phys Lab, F-75005 Paris, France.
RP McNeill, CR (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Dept Phys, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England.
EM crm51@cam.ac.uk; harald_ade@ncsu.edu
RI McNeill, Christopher/B-4530-2008; Wang, Cheng /E-7399-2012; Swaraj,
Sufal/E-4407-2010; Ade, Harald/E-7471-2011; YAN, HONGPING/N-7549-2013;
Wang, Cheng/A-9815-2014;
OI McNeill, Christopher/0000-0001-5221-878X; Swaraj,
Sufal/0000-0001-7351-2320; YAN, HONGPING/0000-0001-6235-4523; Watts,
Benjamin/0000-0003-2330-2338
FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Science,
Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DE-FG02-98ER45737]; US
Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science; EPSRC; W.
Schlotter (while at Stanford University)
FX Work by NCSU was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of
Science, Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Science and
Engineering for support under Contract DE-FG02-98ER45737. ALS is
supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy
Science. Portions of this research were carried out at SSRL (BL 5-2), a
national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the
US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science. C.R.M.
acknowledges the EPSRC for provision of an Advanced Research Fellowship.
The authors are thankful to E. Gullikson (CXRO, LBNL), A. L. D. Kilcoyne
(ALS), and W. Schlotter (while at Stanford University) for support
during these experiments. The authors also thank Cambridge Display
Technology Ltd. for supply of PFB and F8BT.
NR 42
TC 115
Z9 116
U1 6
U2 55
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 8
BP 2863
EP 2869
DI 10.1021/nl1009266
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 636JO
UT WOS:000280728900022
PM 20590125
ER
PT J
AU Beard, MC
Midgett, AG
Hanna, MC
Luther, JM
Hughes, BK
Nozik, AJ
AF Beard, Matthew C.
Midgett, Aaron G.
Hanna, Mark C.
Luther, Joseph M.
Hughes, Barbara K.
Nozik, Arthur J.
TI Comparing Multiple Exciton Generation in Quantum Dots To Impact
Ionization in Bulk Semiconductors: Implications for Enhancement of Solar
Energy Conversion
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Multiple exciton generation; carrier multiplication; solar energy
conversion; semiconductor nanocrystals; quantum dots
ID EFFICIENCY CARRIER MULTIPLICATION; ELECTRON RELAXATION; COLLOIDAL PBSE;
NANOCRYSTALS; DEPENDENCE; SCATTERING; DYNAMICS; CELLS; LIMIT; GAAS
AB Multiple excitor) generation (MEG) in quantum dots (QDs) and impact ionization (II) in bulk semiconductors are processes that describe producing more than one electron hole pair per absorbed photon. We derive expressions for the proper way to compare MEG in QDs with II in bulk semiconductors and argue that there are important differences in the photophysics between bulk semiconductors and QDs. Our analysis demonstrates that the fundamental unit of energy required to produce each electron hole pair in a given QD is the band gap energy. We find that the efficiency of the multiplication process increases by at least 2 in PbSe QDs compared to bulk PbSe, while the competition between cooling and multiplication favors multiplication by a factor of 3 in QDs. We also demonstrate that power conversion efficiencies in QD solar cells exhibiting MEG can greatly exceed conversion efficiencies of their bulk counterparts, especially if the MEG threshold energy can be reduced toward twice the QD band gap energy, which requires a further increase in the MEG efficiency. Finally, we discuss the research challenges associated with achieving the maximum benefit of MEG in solar energy conversion since we show the threshold and efficiency are mathematically related.
C1 [Beard, Matthew C.; Midgett, Aaron G.; Hanna, Mark C.; Luther, Joseph M.; Hughes, Barbara K.; Nozik, Arthur J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Basic Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Midgett, Aaron G.; Hughes, Barbara K.; Nozik, Arthur J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Beard, MC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Basic Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM matt.beard@nrel.gov
RI Nozik, Arthur/A-1481-2012; Nozik, Arthur/P-2641-2016;
OI BEARD, MATTHEW/0000-0002-2711-1355
FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences in the
Office or Basic Energy Sciences of the Department of Energy; U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences; DOE [AC36-086038308]
FX We acknowledge helpful comments and discussion with Octavi Semonin and
Justin Johnson. We thank Randy Ellingson for careful reading of the
manuscript and discussion. M.C.B. and A.G.M. gratefully acknowledge
funding from the Solar Photochemistry program within the Division of
Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences in the Office or Basic
Energy Sciences of the Department of Energy. M.C.H., J.M.L., B.K.H., and
A.J.N. were supported as part of the Center for Advanced Solar
Photophysics, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences. DOE funding was provided to NREL through Contract
DE-AC36-086038308
NR 53
TC 188
Z9 189
U1 3
U2 84
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 8
BP 3019
EP 3027
DI 10.1021/nl101490z
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 636JO
UT WOS:000280728900048
PM 20698615
ER
PT J
AU Christensen, ST
Feng, H
Libera, JL
Guo, N
Miller, JT
Stair, PC
Elam, JW
AF Christensen, Steven T.
Feng, Hao
Libera, Joseph L.
Guo, Neng
Miller, Jeffrey T.
Stair, Peter C.
Elam, Jeffrey W.
TI Supported Ru-Pt Bimetallic Nanoparticle Catalysts Prepared by Atomic
Layer Deposition
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Atomic layer deposition; platinum; ruthenium; bimetallic catalysts
ID THIN-FILMS; CARBON AEROGELS; FUEL-CELLS; OXIDATION; PLATINUM; PALLADIUM;
MEMBRANES; ALUMINA; GROWTH; OXYGEN
AB Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is used to deposit ruthenium-platinum nanostructured catalysts using 2,4-(dimethylpentadienyl)(ethylcyclopentadienyl) ruthenium, trimethyl(methylcyclopentadienyl) platinum, and oxygen as precursors. Transmission electron microscopy shows discrete 1.2 nm nanoparticles decorating the surface of the spherical alumina support. The Ru-Pt particles are crystalline and have a crystal structure similar to pure platinum. X-ray fluorescence measurements show that the nanoparticle composition is controlled by the ratio of metal precursor ALD cycles. X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Ru K-edge indicates a nearest neighbor Ru-Pt interaction consistent with a bimetallic composition. Methanol decomposition reactions further confirm a Ru-Pt interaction and show enhanced methanol conversion for the bimetallic nanoparticles when compared to catalysts comprised of a mixture of pure Pt and Ru nanoparticles of similar loading. These results demonstrate that ALD is a viable technique for synthesizing mixed-metal nanostructures suitable for catalysis and other applications.
C1 [Christensen, Steven T.; Feng, Hao; Libera, Joseph L.; Guo, Neng; Miller, Jeffrey T.; Stair, Peter C.; Elam, Jeffrey W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Stair, Peter C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
RP Elam, JW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM jelam@anl.gov
RI BM, MRCAT/G-7576-2011; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Guo, Neng/A-3223-2013
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy [YN-19-01-000]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science,
Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Department of
Energy; MRCAT
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Industrial Technologies Program
under contract YN-19-01-000. X-ray absorption measurements were
performed at the insertion-device beamline of the Materials Research
Collaborative Access Team (MR-CAT) at the Advanced Photon Source located
within the Argonne National Laboratory. Use of the APS was supported by
the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 operated by UChicago
Argonne, LLC. MRCAT operations are supported by the Department of Energy
and the MRCAT member institutions.
NR 31
TC 106
Z9 107
U1 18
U2 150
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 8
BP 3047
EP 3051
DI 10.1021/nl101567m
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 636JO
UT WOS:000280728900052
PM 20698618
ER
PT J
AU Kim, TH
Zhang, XG
Nicholson, DM
Evans, BM
Kulkarni, NS
Radhakrishnan, B
Kenik, EA
Li, AP
AF Kim, Tae-Hwan
Zhang, X. -G.
Nicholson, Don M.
Evans, Boyd M.
Kulkarni, Nagraj S.
Radhakrishnan, B.
Kenik, Edward A.
Li, An-Ping
TI Large Discrete Resistance Jump at Grain Boundary in Copper Nanowire
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Grain boundary; resistance; copper; interconnect; four-probe
measurement; scanning tunneling microscope
ID ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; METALLIC-FILMS; CONDUCTIVITY; INTERCONNECTS;
TRANSMISSION; MULTILAYERS; REFLECTION; DIMENSIONS; TRANSPORT; MODEL
AB Copper is the current interconnect metal of choice in integrated circuits. As interconnect dimensions decrease, the resistivity of copper increases dramatically because or electron scattering from surfaces, impurities, and grain boundaries (GBs) and threatens to stymie continued device scaling. Lacking direct measurements of individual scattering sources, understanding of the relative importance of these scattering mechanisms has largely relied on semiempirical modeling. Here we present the first ever attempt to measure and calculate individual GB resistances in copper nanowires with a one-to-one correspondence to the GB structure. Large resistance jumps are directly measured at the random GBs with a value far greater than at coincidence GBs and first-principles calculations. The high resistivity of the random GB appears to be intrinsic, arising from the scaling of electron mean free path with the size of the lattice relaxation region. The striking impact of random GB scattering adds vital information for understanding nanoscale conductors.
C1 [Kim, Tae-Hwan; Zhang, X. -G.; Nicholson, Don M.; Evans, Boyd M.; Radhakrishnan, B.; Kenik, Edward A.; Li, An-Ping] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Kulkarni, Nagraj S.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Li, AP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM apli@ornl.gov
RI Kim, Tae-Hwan/A-5636-2010; Li, An-Ping/B-3191-2012
OI Kim, Tae-Hwan/0000-0001-5328-0913; Li, An-Ping/0000-0003-4400-7493
FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S.
Department of Energy; Division of Scientific User Facilities; Division
of Materials Sciences and Engineering; U.S. Department of Energy
FX The authors thank Boyan Boyanov (Intel Corporation) for providing
electroplated copper wafers. This research was sponsored by the
Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S.
Department of Energy B.M.E., N.S.K., and BR.) and the Division of
Scientific User Facilities (X.-G.Z., E.A.K., and A.-P.L.) and the
Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering (D.M.N.), U.S. Department
of Energy. Sample preparation was performed at the Nanoscale Science and
Technology Lab at ORNL.
NR 26
TC 51
Z9 51
U1 4
U2 45
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 8
BP 3096
EP 3100
DI 10.1021/nl101734h
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 636JO
UT WOS:000280728900061
PM 20608715
ER
PT J
AU Yeh, HC
Sharma, J
Han, JJ
Martinez, JS
Werner, JH
AF Yeh, Hsin-Chih
Sharma, Jaswinder
Han, Jason J.
Martinez, Jennifer S.
Werner, James H.
TI A DNA-Silver Nanocluster Probe That Fluoresces upon Hybridization
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Noble metal fluorescent nanoclusters; nucleic acid detection;
separation-free probes; nanobiosensors
ID PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; SINGLE-MOLECULE LEVEL; LIVING CELLS;
DYES; KINETICS; BEACONS; PROTEIN; BASE
AB DNA-templated silver nanoclusters (DNA/Ag NCs) are an emerging set of fluorophores that are smaller than semiconductor quantum dots and can have better photostability and brightness than commonly used organic dyes. Here we find the red fluorescence of DNA/Ag NCs can be enhanced 500-fold when placed in proximity to guanine-rich DNA sequences. On the basis of this new phenomenon, we have designed a DNA detection probe (NanoCluster Beacon, NCB) that "lights up" upon target binding. Since NCBs do not rely on Forster energy transfer for quenching, they can easily reach high (>100) signal-to-background ratios (SIB ratios) upon target binding. Here, in a separation-free assay, we demonstrate NCB detection of an influenza target with a S/B ratio of 175, a factor of 5 better than a conventional molecular beacon probe. Since the observed fluorescence enhancement is caused by intrinsic nucleobases, our detection technique is simple, inexpensive, and compatible with commercial DNA synthesizers.
C1 [Yeh, Hsin-Chih; Sharma, Jaswinder; Han, Jason J.; Martinez, Jennifer S.; Werner, James H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Martinez, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM jenm@lanl.gov; jwerner@lanl.gov
OI Werner, James/0000-0002-7616-8913
FU Los Alamos National Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD);
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
[DE-AC52-06NA25396]
FX This work was supported through Los Alamos National Laboratory Directed
Research and Development (LDRD) and was performed at the Center for
Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences user facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory
(Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396). The authors would like to thank N.
Doggett, P. Dighe, and M. Neidig for their equipment and data analysis
support.
NR 36
TC 290
Z9 291
U1 31
U2 297
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 8
BP 3106
EP 3110
DI 10.1021/nl101773c
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 636JO
UT WOS:000280728900063
PM 20698624
ER
PT J
AU Yang, SY
Prendergast, D
Neaton, JB
AF Yang, Shenyuan
Prendergast, David
Neaton, Jeffrey B.
TI Strain-Induced Band Gap Modification in Coherent Core/Shell
Nanostructures
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Core-shell nanostructures; anisotropic strain; quantum confinement; band
gap; density functional theory
ID QUANTUM DOTS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; CDSE-NANORODS;
NANOCRYSTALS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SEMICONDUCTORS;
RELAXATION; SURFACES
AB Using first-principles calculations within density functional theory, we study the relative impacts of quantum confinement and strain on the electronic structure of two II-VI semiconductor compounds with a large lattice-mismatch, CdSe and CdTe, in core/shell nanowire geometries with different core radii and shell thicknesses. For fixed CdSe core radius, we find that the electronic band gap in the core is significantly reduced with increasing CdTe shell thickness, by an amount comparable to that expected From quantum confinement, due to the development of a large and highly anisotropic strain throughout the heterostructure. A straightforward analysis allows us to separate quantitatively changes in band gap due to quantum confinement and strain. Our studies elucidate and quantify the importance of strain in determining the electronic and optical properties of core/shell nanostructures.
C1 [Yang, Shenyuan; Prendergast, David; Neaton, Jeffrey B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Prendergast, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM dgprendergast@lbl.gov; jbneaton@lbl.gov
RI Neaton, Jeffrey/F-8578-2015
OI Neaton, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7585-6135
FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S.
Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was performed at the Molecular Foundry and within the Helios
Solar Energy Research Center, both supported by the Office of Science,
Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under
Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. All calculations were performed on the
Nano and Lawrencium compute clusters at Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory and on Franklin at the National Energy Research Scientific
Computing Center (NERSC).
NR 37
TC 71
Z9 71
U1 3
U2 63
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 8
BP 3156
EP 3162
DI 10.1021/nl101999p
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 636JO
UT WOS:000280728900071
PM 20698631
ER
PT J
AU Toyli, DM
Weis, CD
Fuchs, GD
Schenkel, T
Awschalom, DD
AF Toyli, David M.
Weis, Christoph D.
Fuchs, Gregory D.
Schenkel, Thomas
Awschalom, David D.
TI Chip-Scale Nanofabrication of Single Spins and Spin Arrays in Diamond
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Single spin; quantum computation; spintronics; nitrogen vacancy;
diamond; ion implantation
ID DYNAMICS; DEFECT
AB We demonstrate a technique to nanofabricate nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond based on broad-beam nitrogen implantation through apertures in electron beam lithography resist. This method enables high-throughput nanofabrication of single NV centers on sub-100-nm length scales. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements facilitate depth profiling of the implanted nitrogen to provide three-dimensional characterization of the NV center spatial distribution. Measurements of NV center coherence with on-chip coplanar waveguides suggest a pathway for incorporating this scalable nanofabrication technique in future quantum applications.
C1 [Toyli, David M.; Fuchs, Gregory D.; Awschalom, David D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Spintron & Quantum Computat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Weis, Christoph D.; Schenkel, Thomas] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ion Beam Technol Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Awschalom, DD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Spintron & Quantum Computat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
EM awsch@physics.ucsb.edu
FU AFOSR; ARC; DARPA; US Department of Energy [DEAC0205CH11231]
FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the AFOSR, ARC, and DARPA. A
portion of this work was done in the UCSB nanofabrication facility, part
of the NSF funded NNIN network. Work at LBNL was done under the auspices
of the US Department of Energy under Contract DEAC0205CH11231. The
authors thank K. Ohno for useful discussions.
NR 30
TC 124
Z9 124
U1 3
U2 53
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 8
BP 3168
EP 3172
DI 10.1021/nl102066q
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 636JO
UT WOS:000280728900073
PM 20698632
ER
PT J
AU Allen, MJ
Rudd, RE
McElfresh, MW
Balhorn, R
AF Allen, Michael J.
Rudd, Robert E.
McElfresh, Mike W.
Balhorn, Rod
TI Time-dependent measure of a nanoscale force-pulse driven by the axonemal
dynein motors in individual live sperm cells
SO NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE Cantilever; Flagellum; Motility; Sensor; Propulsion
ID OUTER DOUBLET MICROTUBULES; SEA-URCHIN SPERM; MICROSCOPE; FLAGELLA;
SPERMATOZOA; MOLECULES; MOVEMENT; VELOCITY; ARMS
AB Nanoscale mechanical forces generated by motor proteins are crucial to normal cellular and organismal functioning. The ability to measure and exploit such forces is important to developing motile biomimetic nanodevices powered by biological motors for nanomedicine. Axonemal dynein motors positioned inside the sperm flagellum drive microtubule sliding and give rise to rhythmic beating. This force-generating action pushes the sperm cell through viscous media. Here we report new nanoscale information on how the propulsive force is generated by the sperm flagellum and how this force varies over time. Using a modified atomic force microscope, single-cell recordings reveal discrete similar to 50-ms pulses oscillating with amplitude 9.8 +/- 2.6 nN independent of pulse frequency (3.5-19.5 Hz). The average work carried out by each cell is 4.6 x 10(-16) J per pulse, equivalent to the hydrolysis of similar to 5500 molecules of adenosine triphosphate. The mechanochemical coupling at each active dynein head is similar to 2.2 pN per adenosine triphosphate molecule and similar to 3.9 pN per dynein arm.
From the Clinical Editor: In this paper, nanoscale mechanical forces generated by axonemal dynein motors derived from sperm flagellum are examined and reported. These motor proteins are crucial to normal cellular and organismal functioning. The ability to measure and exploit such forces is important to developing motile biomimetic nanodevices powered by biological motors for nanomedicine. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Allen, Michael J.] Biometrology, Alameda, CA USA.
[Rudd, Robert E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Livermore, CA USA.
[McElfresh, Mike W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Balhorn, Rod] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci & Biotechnol Div, Livermore, CA USA.
RP Allen, MJ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Sect Pulm & Crit Care, Ctr Nanomed, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
EM allen1@uchicago.edu
OI Rudd, Robert/0000-0002-6632-2681
FU Biometrology; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
FX This work was performed through support from Biometrology to M.J.A.; and
to R. E. R., M. W. M., and R. B. from the U.S. Department of Energy by
the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No.
DE-AC52-07NA27344.
NR 29
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1549-9634
J9 NANOMED-NANOTECHNOL
JI Nanomed.-Nanotechnol. Biol. Med.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 6
IS 4
BP 510
EP 515
DI 10.1016/j.nano.2009.12.003
PG 6
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine
GA 634TP
UT WOS:000280608700003
PM 20060073
ER
PT J
AU Ptacin, JL
Lee, SF
Garner, EC
Toro, E
Eckart, M
Comolli, LR
Moerner, W
Shapiro, L
AF Ptacin, Jerod L.
Lee, Steven F.
Garner, Ethan C.
Toro, Esteban
Eckart, Michael
Comolli, Luis R.
Moerner, We.
Shapiro, Lucy
TI A spindle-like apparatus guides bacterial chromosome segregation
SO NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DNA SEGREGATION; CAULOBACTER-CRESCENTUS; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; PARTITIONING
PROTEIN; PLASMID SEGREGATION; F-PLASMID; BINDING; CELL; SOPA; PARB
AB Until recently, a dedicated mitotic apparatus that segregates newly replicated chromosomes into daughter cells was believed to be unique to eukaryotic cells. Here we demonstrate that the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus segregates its chromosome using a partitioning (Par) apparatus that has surprising similarities to eukaryotic spindles. We show that the C. crescentus ATPase ParA forms linear polymers in vitro and assembles into a narrow linear structure in vivo. The centromere-binding protein ParB binds to and destabilizes ParA structures in vitro. We propose that this ParB-stimulated ParA depolymerization activity moves the centromere to the opposite cell pole through a burnt bridge Brownian ratchet mechanism. Finally, we identify the pole-specific TipN protein(1,2) as a new component of the Par system that is required to maintain the directionality of DNA transfer towards the new cell pole. Our results elucidate a bacterial chromosome segregation mechanism that features basic operating principles similar to eukaryotic mitotic machines, including a multivalent protein complex at the centromere that stimulates the dynamic disassembly of polymers to move chromosomes into daughter compartments.
C1 [Ptacin, Jerod L.; Toro, Esteban; Shapiro, Lucy] Stanford Univ, Dept Dev Biol, Sch Med, Beckman Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Lee, Steven F.; Moerner, We.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Garner, Ethan C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Syst Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
[Eckart, Michael] Stanford Univ, Stanford Prot & Nucle Acid Facil, Sch Med, Beckman Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Comolli, Luis R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Shapiro, L (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Dev Biol, Sch Med, Beckman Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM shapiro@stanford.edu
RI Moerner, William/C-3260-2008; Garner, Ethan/J-4025-2014
OI Moerner, William/0000-0002-2830-209X; Garner, Ethan/0000-0003-0141-3555
FU National Institutes of Health [R01 GM51426 R24, GM073011-04d]; NIH/NIGMS
[F32GM088966-1, R01GM086196-2]; Smith Stanford Graduate Fellowship;
Helen Hay Whitney postdoctoral fellowship; Office of Science, Office of
Biological and Environmental Research, of the U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX We thank Jimmy Blair for assistance with modelling of ParA mutants, and
critical reading of the manuscript; and Grant Bowman, Erin Goley and
Julie Biteen for technical advice. We thank Jian Zhu and Thomas Earnest
for providing purified 6His-ParB. This work is supported by National
Institutes of Health grants R01 GM51426 R24 and GM073011-04d to L.S.,
NIH/NIGMS fellowship F32GM088966-1 to LP., NIH/NIGMS award R01GM086196-2
to W.E.M., the Smith Stanford Graduate Fellowship to E.T., and a Helen
Hay Whitney postdoctoral fellowship to E.G. This work was also supported
by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and
Environmental Research, of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract
no. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 41
TC 175
Z9 179
U1 2
U2 37
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1465-7392
J9 NAT CELL BIOL
JI Nat. Cell Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 12
IS 8
BP 791
EP U46
DI 10.1038/ncb2083
PG 16
WC Cell Biology
SC Cell Biology
GA 634EF
UT WOS:000280561600011
PM 20657594
ER
PT J
AU Bao, GH
Clifton, M
Hoette, TM
Mori, K
Deng, SX
Qiu, AD
Viltard, M
Williams, D
Paragas, N
Leete, T
Kulkarni, R
Li, XP
Lee, B
Kalandadze, A
Ratner, AJ
Pizarro, JC
Schmidt-Ott, KM
Landry, DW
Raymond, KN
Strong, RK
Barasch, J
AF Bao, Guanhu
Clifton, Matthew
Hoette, Trisha M.
Mori, Kiyoshi
Deng, Shi-Xian
Qiu, Andong
Viltard, Melanie
Williams, David
Paragas, Neal
Leete, Thomas
Kulkarni, Ritwij
Li, Xiangpo
Lee, Belinda
Kalandadze, Avtandil
Ratner, Adam J.
Pizarro, Juan Carlos
Schmidt-Ott, Kai M.
Landry, Donald W.
Raymond, Kenneth N.
Strong, Roland K.
Barasch, Jonathan
TI Iron traffics in circulation bound to a siderocalin (Ngal)-catechol
complex
SO NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID GELATINASE-ASSOCIATED LIPOCALIN; ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY; RENAL
INJURY; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; TRANSFERRIN-IRON; SIMPLE PHENOLS;
HUMAN-URINE; CATECHOL; RECEPTOR; INFECTION
AB The lipocalins are secreted proteins that bind small organic molecules. Scn-Ngal (also known as neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin, siderocalin, lipocalin 2) sequesters bacterial iron chelators, called siderophores, and consequently blocks bacterial growth. However, Scn-Ngal is also prominently expressed in aseptic diseases, implying that it binds additional ligands and serves additional functions. Using chemical screens, crystallography and fluorescence methods, we report that Scn-Ngal binds iron together with a small metabolic product called catechol. The formation of the complex blocked the reactivity of iron and permitted its transport once introduced into circulation in vivo. Scn-Ngal then recycled its iron in endosomes by a pH-sensitive mechanism. As catechols derive from bacterial and mammalian metabolism of dietary compounds, the Scn-Ngal-catechol-Fe(III) complex represents an unforeseen microbial-host interaction, which mimics Scn-Ngal-siderophore interactions but instead traffics iron in aseptic tissues. These results identify an endogenous siderophore, which may link the disparate roles of Scn-Ngal in different diseases.
C1 [Bao, Guanhu; Deng, Shi-Xian; Qiu, Andong; Viltard, Melanie; Williams, David; Paragas, Neal; Leete, Thomas; Kulkarni, Ritwij; Li, Xiangpo; Lee, Belinda; Kalandadze, Avtandil; Ratner, Adam J.; Landry, Donald W.; Barasch, Jonathan] Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Clifton, Matthew; Pizarro, Juan Carlos; Strong, Roland K.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA.
[Hoette, Trisha M.; Raymond, Kenneth N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Hoette, Trisha M.; Raymond, Kenneth N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Mori, Kiyoshi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Kyoto, Japan.
[Schmidt-Ott, Kai M.] Max Delbruck Ctr Mol Med, Berlin, Germany.
RP Barasch, J (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10027 USA.
EM rstrong@fhcrc.org; jmb4@columbia.edu
OI Ratner, Adam/0000-0003-1761-794X; Mori, Kiyoshi/0000-0002-7285-8351;
Paragas, Neal/0000-0001-6084-8220
FU US National Institutes of Health [AI117448, AI59432, DK-55388,
DK-58872]; Emerald Foundation; March of Dimes
FX We thank R. Abergel, A. Zawadzka and Q. Al-Awqati for helpful
discussion. We are grateful to the Gordon lab (Washington University)
for gnotobiotic urines and E. I. Christensen (Aarhus University) and T.
E. Willnow (Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine) for megalin
knockout urines. We salute the classes of 2010 and 2013 of the College
of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University for donating urine for
this study. This work was supported by US National Institutes of Health
grants AI117448 (K.N.R.), AI59432 (R.K.S.) and the Emerald Foundation,
the March of Dimes and US National Institutes of Health grants DK-55388
and DK-58872 (J.B.).
NR 48
TC 139
Z9 145
U1 6
U2 41
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1552-4450
J9 NAT CHEM BIOL
JI Nat. Chem. Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 6
IS 8
BP 602
EP 609
DI 10.1038/NCHEMBIO.402
PG 8
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 628EG
UT WOS:000280096600011
PM 20581821
ER
PT J
AU Woolf, D
Amonette, JE
Street-Perrott, FA
Lehmann, J
Joseph, S
AF Woolf, Dominic
Amonette, James E.
Street-Perrott, F. Alayne
Lehmann, Johannes
Joseph, Stephen
TI Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change
SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID BLACK CARBON; EMISSIONS; BIOENERGY; BIOFUELS; BIOMASS; ENERGY; SOIL;
SEQUESTRATION
AB Production of biochar (the carbon (C)-rich solid formed by pyrolysis of biomass) and its storage in soils have been suggested as a means of abating climate change by sequestering carbon, while simultaneously providing energy and increasing crop yields. Substantial uncertainties exist, however, regarding the impact, capacity and sustainability of biochar at the global level. In this paper we estimate the maximum sustainable technical potential of biochar to mitigate climate change. Annual net emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and nitrous oxide could be reduced by a maximum of 1.8Pg CO2-C equivalent (CO2-C-e) per year (12% of current anthropogenic CO2-C-e emissions; 1Pg = 1Gt), and total net emissions over the course of a century by 130 Pg CO2-C-e, without endangering food security, habitat or soil conservation. Biochar has a larger climate-change mitigation potential than combustion of the same sustainably procured biomass for bioenergy, except when fertile soils are amended while coal is the fuel being offset.
C1 [Amonette, James E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Woolf, Dominic; Street-Perrott, F. Alayne] Swansea Univ, Sch Environm & Soc, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales.
[Lehmann, Johannes] Cornell Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Joseph, Stephen] Univ New S Wales, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
RP Amonette, JE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM jim.amonette@pnl.gov
RI Lehmann, Johannes/H-2682-2014
OI Lehmann, Johannes/0000-0002-4701-2936
FU Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); Economic and Social
Research Council (ESRC); United States' Department of Energy (USDOE)
Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research,
Climate and Environmental Science Division, Mitigation Science Focus
Area; USDOE Office of Fossil Energy; Battelle Memorial Institute
[DE-AC05-76RL01830]; Cooperative State Research Service of the U.S.
Department of Agriculture; New York State Energy Research and
Development Authority; VenEarth Group LLC
FX D.W. and F.A.S.-P. acknowledge support from the United Kingdom's Natural
Environment Research Council (NERC) and Economic and Social Research
Council (ESRC). J.E.A. acknowledges support from the United States'
Department of Energy (USDOE) Office of Science, Office of Biological and
Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Science Division,
Mitigation Science Focus Area and from the USDOE Office of Fossil
Energy, Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration Program. The Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory is operated for the USDOE by Battelle Memorial
Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. J.L. acknowledges support
from the Cooperative State Research Service of the U.S. Department of
Agriculture and from the New York State Energy Research and Development
Authority. S.J. acknowledges support from VenEarth Group LLC.
NR 41
TC 401
Z9 452
U1 85
U2 553
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 2041-1723
J9 NAT COMMUN
JI Nat. Commun.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 1
AR 56
DI 10.1038/ncomms1053
PG 9
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 673FV
UT WOS:000283645400007
PM 20975722
ER
PT J
AU Arneth, A
Harrison, SP
Zaehle, S
Tsigaridis, K
Menon, S
Bartlein, PJ
Feichter, J
Korhola, A
Kulmala, M
O'Donnell, D
Schurgers, G
Sorvari, S
Vesala, T
AF Arneth, A.
Harrison, S. P.
Zaehle, S.
Tsigaridis, K.
Menon, S.
Bartlein, P. J.
Feichter, J.
Korhola, A.
Kulmala, M.
O'Donnell, D.
Schurgers, G.
Sorvari, S.
Vesala, T.
TI Terrestrial biogeochemical feedbacks in the climate system
SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Review
ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; CARBON-NITROGEN INTERACTIONS; PAST 800,000 YEARS;
ATMOSPHERIC CH4; EARTH-SYSTEM; ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; PARTICLE FORMATION;
METHANE EMISSIONS; ORGANIC AEROSOLS; BLACK CARBON
AB The terrestrial biosphere is a key regulator of atmospheric chemistry and climate. During past periods of climate change, vegetation cover and interactions between the terrestrial biosphere and atmosphere changed within decades. Modern observations show a similar responsiveness of terrestrial biogeochemistry to anthropogenically forced climate change and air pollution. Although interactions between the carbon cycle and climate have been a central focus, other biogeochemical feedbacks could be as important in modulating future climate change. Total positive radiative forcings resulting from feedbacks between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere are estimated to reach up to 0.9 or 1.5 W m(-2) K-1 towards the end of the twenty-first century, depending on the extent to which interactions with the nitrogen cycle stimulate or limit carbon sequestration. This substantially reduces and potentially even eliminates the cooling effect owing to carbon dioxide fertilization of the terrestrial biota. The overall magnitude of the biogeochemical feedbacks could potentially be similar to that of feedbacks in the physical climate system, but there are large uncertainties in the magnitude of individual estimates and in accounting for synergies between these effects.
C1 [Arneth, A.; Schurgers, G.] Lund Univ, Dept Earth & Ecosyst Sci, S-22362 Lund, Sweden.
[Arneth, A.; Kulmala, M.; Sorvari, S.; Vesala, T.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
[Harrison, S. P.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England.
[Harrison, S. P.] Macquarie Univ, Sch Biol Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
[Zaehle, S.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Dept Biogeochem Syst, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
[Tsigaridis, K.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Tsigaridis, K.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA.
[Menon, S.] LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Bartlein, P. J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA.
[Feichter, J.; O'Donnell, D.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.
[Korhola, A.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Environm Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
RP Arneth, A (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Solvegatan 12, S-22362 Lund, Sweden.
EM Almut.arneth@nateko.lu.se
RI Bartlein, Patrick/E-4643-2011; Schurgers, Guy/K-6543-2012; Tsigaridis,
Kostas/K-8292-2012; Arneth, Almut/B-2702-2013; Kulmala,
Markku/I-7671-2016; Vesala, Timo/C-3795-2017; Zaehle, Sonke/C-9528-2017;
OI Bartlein, Patrick/0000-0001-7657-5685; Schurgers,
Guy/0000-0002-2189-1995; Tsigaridis, Kostas/0000-0001-5328-819X;
Kulmala, Markku/0000-0003-3464-7825; Vesala, Timo/0000-0002-4852-7464;
Zaehle, Sonke/0000-0001-5602-7956; Harrison, Sandy/0000-0001-5687-1903
FU Finnish Cultural Foundation; Academy of Finland; Swedish research
councils VR; Swedish research councils Formas; EC [MRTN-CT-
2004-512464]; NASA; DOE ASR program; US NSF; [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX The authors acknowledge the Integrated Land Ecosystem-Atmosphere
Processes Study (iLEAPS), core project of the International
Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), and the discussions at the Science
Workshop on Past, Present and Future Climate Change in Helsinki,
November 2008. The Helsinki workshop and the manuscript preparation were
supported by the Finnish Cultural Foundation. A.A. acknowledges support
from the Academy of Finland, and the Swedish research councils VR and
Formas. S.P.H. and S.Z. acknowledge funding from the EC-supported
project GREENCYCLES (MRTN-CT- 2004-512464). K.T. was supported by an
appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Institute
for Space Studies, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities
through a contract with NASA. The work at Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory was performed under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. S. M.
acknowledges funding support from the NASA MAP program and the DOE ASR
program. P.J.B. acknowledges support from the US NSF Paleoclimate
program. Suggestions made by Chris Jones helped to improve our analysis
substantially.
NR 100
TC 188
Z9 193
U1 18
U2 187
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1752-0894
EI 1752-0908
J9 NAT GEOSCI
JI Nat. Geosci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 3
IS 8
BP 525
EP 532
DI 10.1038/ngeo905
PG 8
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 645NK
UT WOS:000281467500010
ER
PT J
AU Moll, PJW
Puzniak, R
Balakirev, F
Rogacki, K
Karpinski, J
Zhigadlo, ND
Batlogg, B
AF Moll, Philip J. W.
Puzniak, Roman
Balakirev, Fedor
Rogacki, Krzysztof
Karpinski, Janusz
Zhigadlo, Nikolai D.
Batlogg, Bertram
TI High magnetic-field scales and critical currents in SmFeAs(O, F)
crystals
SO NATURE MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; RESISTIVITY;
YBA2CU3O7-X; MECHANISMS; BICRYSTALS
AB With the discovery of new superconducting materials, such as the iron pnictides(1), exploring their potential for applications is one of the foremost tasks. Even if the critical temperature T-c is high, intrinsic electronic properties might render applications difficult, particularly if extreme electronic anisotropy prevents effective pinning of vortices and thus severely limits the critical current density, a problem well known for cuprates(2-5). Although many questions concerning microscopic electronic properties of the iron pnictides have been successfully addressed(5) and estimates point to a very high upper critical field(6-9), their application potential is less clear. Thus, we focus here on the critical currents, their anisotropy and the onset of electrical dissipation in high magnetic fields up to 65 T. Our detailed study of the transport properties of SmFeAsO0.7F0.25 single crystals reveals a promising combination of high (> 2 x 10(6) A cm(-2)) and nearly isotropic critical current densities along all crystal directions. This favourable intragrain current transport in SmFeAs(O, F), which shows the highest T-c of 54 K at ambient pressure(10-12), is a crucial requirement for possible applications. Essential in these experiments are four-probe measurements on focused-ion-beam-cut single crystals with a sub-square-micrometre cross-section, with current along and perpendicular to the crystallographic c axis.
C1 [Moll, Philip J. W.; Karpinski, Janusz; Zhigadlo, Nikolai D.; Batlogg, Bertram] ETH, Solid State Phys Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Puzniak, Roman] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland.
[Balakirev, Fedor] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Rogacki, Krzysztof] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Low Temp & Struct Res, PL-50422 Wroclaw, Poland.
RP Moll, PJW (reprint author), ETH, Solid State Phys Lab, Schafmattstr 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
EM phmoll@phys.ethz.ch
RI Puzniak, Roman/N-1643-2013;
OI Puzniak, Roman/0000-0001-5636-5541; Moll, Philip/0000-0002-7616-5886
FU Swiss National Science Foundation NCCR; Polish Ministry of Science and
Higher Education [N N202 4132 33]
FX We thank S. Katrych for carrying out X-ray analyses, and P. Gasser and
K. Kunze for FIB assistance supporting this study. Work at NHMFL-LANL is
carried out under the auspices of the National Science Foundation,
Department of Energy and State of Florida. Electron Microscopy and FIB
work was carried out at the Electron Microscopy ETH Zurich (EMEZ). This
work has been supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation NCCR
materials with Novel Electronics Properties (MaNEP) and by the Polish
Ministry of Science and Higher Education under the research project No.
N N202 4132 33.
NR 32
TC 71
Z9 73
U1 7
U2 70
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1476-1122
EI 1476-4660
J9 NAT MATER
JI Nat. Mater.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 9
IS 8
BP 628
EP 633
DI 10.1038/NMAT2795
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics
GA 630BB
UT WOS:000280245000017
PM 20639896
ER
PT J
AU Chen, Z
Jiang, YB
Dunphy, DR
Adams, DP
Hodges, C
Liu, NG
Zhang, N
Xomeritakis, G
Jin, XZ
Aluru, NR
Gaik, SJ
Hillhouse, HW
Brinker, CJ
AF Chen, Zhu
Jiang, Yingbing
Dunphy, Darren R.
Adams, David P.
Hodges, Carter
Liu, Nanguo
Zhang, Nan
Xomeritakis, George
Jin, Xiaozhong
Aluru, N. R.
Gaik, Steven J.
Hillhouse, Hugh W.
Brinker, C. Jeffrey
TI DNA translocation through an array of kinked nanopores
SO NATURE MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID SOLID-STATE NANOPORES; ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; MESOPOROUS SILICA;
THIN-FILMS; POLYNUCLEOTIDE MOLECULES; MEMBRANE CHANNEL; SINGLE;
TRANSPORT; PORE; DISCRIMINATION
AB Synthetic solid-state nanopores are being intensively investigated as single-molecule sensors for detection and characterization of DNA, RNA and proteins. This field has been inspired by the exquisite selectivity and flux demonstrated by natural biological channels and the dream of emulating these behaviours in more robust synthetic materials that are more readily integrated into practical devices. So far, the guided etching of polymer films, focused ion-beam sculpting, and electron-beam lithography and tuning of silicon nitride membranes have emerged as three promising approaches to define synthetic solid-state pores with sub-nanometre resolution. These procedures have in common the formation of nominally cylindrical or conical pores aligned normal to the membrane surface. Here we report the formation of 'kinked' silica nanopores, using evaporation-induced self-assembly, and their further tuning and chemical derivatization using atomic-layer deposition. Compared with 'straight through' proteinaceous nanopores of comparable dimensions, kinked nanopores exhibit up to fivefold reduction in translocation velocity, which has been identified as one of the critical issues in DNA sequencing. Additionally, we demonstrate an efficient two-step approach to create a nanopore array exhibiting nearly perfect selectivity for ssDNA over dsDNA. We show that a coarse-grained drift-diffusion theory with a sawtooth-like potential can reasonably describe the velocity and translocation time of DNA through the pore. By control of pore size, length and shape, we capture the main functional behaviours of protein pores in our solid-state nanopore system.
C1 [Chen, Zhu; Dunphy, Darren R.; Liu, Nanguo; Xomeritakis, George; Brinker, C. Jeffrey] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
[Chen, Zhu; Dunphy, Darren R.; Liu, Nanguo; Xomeritakis, George; Brinker, C. Jeffrey] Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
[Jiang, Yingbing; Adams, David P.; Hodges, Carter; Brinker, C. Jeffrey] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
[Zhang, Nan] Univ New Mexico, Sch Pharm, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
[Jin, Xiaozhong; Aluru, N. R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Jin, Xiaozhong; Aluru, N. R.] Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Gaik, Steven J.; Hillhouse, Hugh W.] Purdue Univ, Sch Chem Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Brinker, C. Jeffrey] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
RP Chen, Z (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
EM cjbrink@sandia.gov
RI Aluru, N/A-4617-2014; Chen, Zhu/M-3834-2015
FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA 9550-10-1-0054]; DOE Basic
Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-02-ER15368]; US Department of Energy, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering;
US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; US Department of Energy's National Nuclear
Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX This work is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research
grant FA 9550-10-1-0054, DOE Basic Energy Sciences grant
DE-FG02-02-ER15368, US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, and Sandia
National Laboratories' LDRD program. Z.C. acknowledges DOE Basic Energy
Sciences grant DE-FG02-02-ER15368 for carrying out nanopore-array
fabrication and DNA translocation. D.R.D. acknowledges support from DOE
Basic Energy Science grant DE-FG02-02-ER15368 and the Air Force Office
of Scientific Research grant FA 9550-10-1-0054 for carrying out GISAXS
and electrochemical deposition experiments. C.J.B. acknowledges the US
Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of
Materials Sciences and Engineering and Sandia National Laboratories'
LDRD program for conceiving the experiments and writing the paper. Y.J.
acknowledges Sandia National Laboratories' LDRD program for carrying out
ALD experiments. GISAXS experiments in this paper were conducted at the
Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. Use of this
facility is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science,
Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogramme laboratory operated by
Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin
company, for the US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security
Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 49
TC 63
Z9 63
U1 12
U2 92
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1476-1122
J9 NAT MATER
JI Nat. Mater.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 9
IS 8
BP 667
EP 675
DI 10.1038/NMAT2805
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics
GA 630BB
UT WOS:000280245000024
PM 20651807
ER
PT J
AU Liu, M
Zentgraf, T
Liu, YM
Bartal, G
Zhang, X
AF Liu, Ming
Zentgraf, Thomas
Liu, Yongmin
Bartal, Guy
Zhang, Xiang
TI Light-driven nanoscale plasmonic motors
SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DNA; METAMATERIALS
AB When Sir William Crookes developed a four-vaned radiometer, also known as the light-mill, in 1873, it was believed that this device confirmed the existence of linear momentum carried by photons(1), as predicted by Maxwell's equations. Although Reynolds later proved that the torque on the radiometer was caused by thermal transpiration(2), researchers continued to search for ways to take advantage of the momentum of photons and to use it for generating rotational forces. The ability to provide rotational force at the nanoscale could open up a range of applications in physics, biology and chemistry, including DNA unfolding and sequencing(3-6) and nanoelectro-mechanical systems(7-10). Here, we demonstrate a nanoscale plasmonic structure that can, when illuminated with linearly polarized light, generate a rotational force that is capable of rotating a silica microdisk that is 4,000 times larger in volume. Furthermore, we can control the rotation velocity and direction by varying the wavelength of the incident light to excite different plasmonic modes.
C1 [Liu, Ming; Zentgraf, Thomas; Liu, Yongmin; Bartal, Guy; Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, NSF Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr NSEC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Liu, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, NSF Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr NSEC, 3112 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM xiang@berkeley.edu
RI Liu, Yongmin/F-5322-2010; Zhang, Xiang/F-6905-2011; Zentgraf,
Thomas/G-8848-2013
OI Zentgraf, Thomas/0000-0002-8662-1101
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF Nano-scale Science
and Engineering Center (NSEC) [CMMI-0751621]
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract
no. DE-AC02-05CH11231 regarding simulations and fabrication, and by the
NSF Nano-scale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC) under grant no.
CMMI-0751621 for optical characterization.
NR 24
TC 116
Z9 118
U1 8
U2 100
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1748-3387
J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL
JI Nat. Nanotechnol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 5
IS 8
BP 570
EP 573
DI 10.1038/NNANO.2010.128
PG 4
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 635BZ
UT WOS:000280631900008
PM 20601945
ER
PT J
AU Janovjak, H
Szobota, S
Wyart, C
Trauner, D
Isacoff, EY
AF Janovjak, Harald
Szobota, Stephanie
Wyart, Claire
Trauner, Dirk
Isacoff, Ehud Y.
TI A light-gated, potassium-selective glutamate receptor for the optical
inhibition of neuronal firing
SO NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN; ION CHANNELS; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; NEURAL
CIRCUITRY; REMOTE-CONTROL; K+ CHANNELS; ACTIVATION; ZEBRAFISH;
TRANSPLANTATION; DROSOPHILA
AB Genetically targeted light-activated ion channels and pumps make it possible to determine the role of specific neurons in neuronal circuits, information processing and behavior. We developed a K(+)-selective ionotropic glutamate receptor that reversibly inhibits neuronal activity in response to light in dissociated neurons and brain slice and also reversibly suppresses behavior in zebrafish. The receptor is a chimera of the pore region of a K(+)-selective bacterial glutamate receptor and the ligand-binding domain of a light-gated mammalian kainate receptor. This hyperpolarizing light-gated channel, HyLighter, is turned on by a brief light pulse at one wavelength and turned off by a pulse at a second wavelength. The control is obtained at moderate intensity. After optical activation, the photocurrent and optical silencing of activity persists in the dark for extended periods. The low light requirement and bi-stability of HyLighter represent advantages for the dissection of neural circuitry.
C1 [Janovjak, Harald; Szobota, Stephanie; Wyart, Claire; Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Janovjak, Harald; Szobota, Stephanie; Wyart, Claire; Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Helen Wills Neurosci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Trauner, Dirk] Univ Munich, Dept Chem, Munich, Germany.
[Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Isacoff, EY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM ehud@berkeley.edu
RI Wyart, Claire/H-3783-2016; Janovjak, Harald/O-9070-2016
OI Wyart, Claire/0000-0002-1668-4975; Janovjak, Harald/0000-0002-8023-9315
FU US National Institutes of Health Nanomedicine Development Center for the
Optical Control of Biological Function [5PN2EY018241]; Human Frontier
Science Program [RPG23-2005]; National Science Foundation [FIBR
43C-1081892]; European Molecular Biology Organization; Marie-Curie
fellowship
FX We thank K. Partin, K. Kainanen, E. Gouaux and M. Hollmann for
constructs, G. Sandoz, P. Koprowski and F. Tombola for discussions, D.
Fortin, T. Tracey, K. Greenberg, A. Pham, M. Soden, H. Lu, E. Warp, K.
McDaniel, R. Arant and Z. Fu for technical assistance, and M. Volgraf
and V. Franckevicius for MAG compounds. This work was supported by the
US National Institutes of Health Nanomedicine Development Center for the
Optical Control of Biological Function (5PN2EY018241), the Human
Frontier Science Program (RPG23-2005), the National Science Foundation
(FIBR 43C-1081892), a fellowship of the European Molecular Biology
Organization (to H.J.) and a Marie-Curie fellowship (to C. W.; the
fellowship was obtained with the laboratory CNRS-UMR5020 'Neurosciences
Sensorielles, Comportement Cognition').
NR 50
TC 69
Z9 70
U1 3
U2 30
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1097-6256
J9 NAT NEUROSCI
JI Nat. Neurosci.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 13
IS 8
BP 1027
EP U160
DI 10.1038/nn.2589
PG 8
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 632DK
UT WOS:000280400600023
PM 20581843
ER
PT J
AU Wanke, MC
Young, EW
Nordquist, CD
Cich, MJ
Grine, AD
Fuller, CT
Reno, JL
Lee, M
AF Wanke, Michael C.
Young, Erik W.
Nordquist, Christopher D.
Cich, Michael J.
Grine, Albert D.
Fuller, Charles T.
Reno, John L.
Lee, Mark
TI Monolithically integrated solid-state terahertz transceivers
SO NATURE PHOTONICS
LA English
DT Article
ID QUANTUM CASCADE LASER; PHASE-LOCKING; LOCAL OSCILLATOR; SCHOTTKY DIODE;
RECEIVER; MIXER
AB Recent advances in microfabricated terahertz quantum cascade lasers have achieved coherent power and frequency performance previously possible only with much larger gas- or vacuum-tube sources. A significant advantage offered by terahertz quantum cascade lasers lies in the potential to integrate them with other components on the same chip. Such terahertz photonic integrated circuits would help close the terahertz technology gap between microwave electronics and infrared photonics. Here, we describe the first successful monolithic integration of a terahertz quantum cascade laser and diode mixer to form a simple but generically useful terahertz photonic integrated circuit-a microelectronic terahertz transceiver. We show that this terahertz photonic integrated circuit performs all the basic functions (for example, transmission of a coherent carrier, heterodyne reception of an external signal, frequency locking and tuning) of discrete-component terahertz photonic systems, but at a small fraction of the size and in a robust platform scalable to semiconductor fabrication production.
C1 [Wanke, Michael C.; Young, Erik W.; Nordquist, Christopher D.; Cich, Michael J.; Fuller, Charles T.; Reno, John L.; Lee, Mark] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
[Grine, Albert D.] LMATA Govt Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA.
RP Wanke, MC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM mcwanke@sandia.gov
FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD); United States
Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration
[DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX The authors would like to thank Eric Shaner for data acquisition
software and hardware support and Vicente Garcia for the artwork in Fig.
1a. This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and
Development (LDRD) program office at Sandia National Labs. Sandia is a
multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed
Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National
Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 18
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 2
U2 23
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1749-4885
J9 NAT PHOTONICS
JI Nat. Photonics
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 4
IS 8
BP 565
EP 569
DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2010.137
PG 5
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA 633IN
UT WOS:000280495400022
ER
PT J
AU Ali, MN
Garcia, MA
Parsons-Moss, T
Nitsche, H
AF Ali, Mazhar N.
Garcia, Mitch A.
Parsons-Moss, T.
Nitsche, Heino
TI Polymer-assisted deposition of homogeneous metal oxide films to produce
nuclear targets
SO NATURE PROTOCOLS
LA English
DT Article
ID HEAVY ELEMENT; ELECTRODEPOSITION; SILICON
AB Targets are essential in experimental nuclear sciences as a source of stationary nuclei for nuclear reactions with ion beams. Typically, targets should be chemically pure, uniform, homogeneous and crack-free over the irradiation area, while also being structurally rigid. The polymer-assisted deposition (PAD) method uses a water-soluble multidentate polymer that chelates metal precursors in solution. This polymer-metal solution is then spin coated and annealed to yield a crack-free, homogeneous metal oxide film. In this protocol, nuclear targets are created using PAD on silicon nitride (Si(3)N(4)) windows with silicon frames. Silicon wafers ([100], single-side polished) coated with 1 mu m of silicon nitride on both sides are patterned and etched to create 1-mu m silicon nitride windows. The PAD solution is then spun onto the silicon nitride window and annealed to create a thin, uniform metal oxide film of variable thickness on top of the silicon nitride backing. The production of a target window and the deposition of a thin film ranging from 50 to 150 nm takes similar to 13.5 h. Subsequent reapplications to grow thicker films require an additional 5 h per application.
C1 [Ali, Mazhar N.; Garcia, Mitch A.; Parsons-Moss, T.; Nitsche, Heino] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Ali, Mazhar N.; Garcia, Mitch A.; Parsons-Moss, T.; Nitsche, Heino] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA.
RP Nitsche, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM HNitsche@berkeley.edu
RI Garcia, Mitch/G-2413-2010; Ali, Mazhar/C-6473-2013
OI Ali, Mazhar/0000-0002-1129-6105
FU National Nuclear Security Administration [NS00075, DE-FG52-06NA27480];
Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of
Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the US Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported by the National Nuclear Security Administration
under the Stewardship Sciences Academic Alliance Program, project
NS00075, award Number DE-FG52-06NA27480. Work at the Molecular Foundry
was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the US
Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 25
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 26
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1754-2189
J9 NAT PROTOC
JI Nat. Protoc.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 5
IS 8
BP 1440
EP 1446
DI 10.1038/nprot.2010.105
PG 7
WC Biochemical Research Methods
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 633SV
UT WOS:000280526900006
PM 20671727
ER
PT J
AU Chuang, CK
Rockel, B
Seyit, G
Walian, PJ
Schonegge, AM
Peters, J
Zwart, PH
Baumeister, W
Jap, BK
AF Chuang, Crystal K.
Rockel, Beate
Seyit, Goenuel
Walian, Peter J.
Schoenegge, Anne-Marie
Peters, Juergen
Zwart, Petrus H.
Baumeister, Wolfgang
Jap, Bing K.
TI Hybrid molecular structure of the giant protease tripeptidyl peptidase
II
SO NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID TPPII KNOCKOUT MICE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TRICORN PROTEASE;
PORPHYROMONAS-GINGIVALIS; SUBSTRATE-RECOGNITION; SUBTILISIN CARLSBERG;
ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; EGLIN-C; AMINOPEPTIDASE; RESOLUTION
AB Tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPP II) is the largest known eukaryotic protease (6 MDa). It is believed to act downstream of the 26S proteasome, cleaving tripeptides from the N termini of longer peptides, and it is implicated in numerous cellular processes. Here we report the structure of Drosophila TPP II determined by a hybrid approach. We solved the structure of the dimer by X-ray crystallography and docked it into the three-dimensional map of the holocomplex, which we obtained by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. The resulting structure reveals the compartmentalization of the active sites inside a system of chambers and suggests the existence of a molecular ruler determining the size of the cleavage products. Furthermore, the structure suggests a model for activation of TPP II involving the relocation of a flexible loop and a repositioning of the active-site serine, coupling it to holocomplex assembly and active-site sequestration.
C1 [Chuang, Crystal K.; Walian, Peter J.; Jap, Bing K.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Chuang, Crystal K.; Jap, Bing K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Grp Comparat Biochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Rockel, Beate; Seyit, Goenuel; Schoenegge, Anne-Marie; Peters, Juergen; Baumeister, Wolfgang] Max Planck Inst Biochem, Dept Mol Struct Biol, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.
[Zwart, Petrus H.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA.
RP Jap, BK (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM baumeist@biochem.mpg.de; bkjap@lbl.gov
RI Zwart, Peter/F-7123-2013
FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; National Institutes of Health; US
Department of Energy
FX Diffraction datasets for the structure determination were collected at
Beamline 8.2.2, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory. We would like to thank C. Ralston and her beamline staff for
their assistance. We thank A. Sonnen for the calculation of the contact
areas. This work is supported by funding from the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft (B.R.), the National Institutes of Health
(B.K.J.) and the US Department of Energy.
NR 43
TC 17
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 7
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1545-9993
J9 NAT STRUCT MOL BIOL
JI Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 17
IS 8
BP 990
EP U103
DI 10.1038/nsmb.1870
PG 8
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology
GA 635QD
UT WOS:000280670300016
PM 20676100
ER
PT J
AU Xiao, JY
Worby, CA
Mattoo, S
Sankaran, B
Dixon, JE
AF Xiao, Junyu
Worby, Carolyn A.
Mattoo, Seema
Sankaran, Banumathi
Dixon, Jack E.
TI Structural basis of Fic-mediated adenylylation
SO NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID UBIQUITIN-LIKE PROTEINS; III EFFECTOR; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RHO PROTEINS;
DOMAIN; BINDING; DOC; ACTIVATION; AMPYLATION; VIRULENCE
AB The Fic family of adenylyltransferases, defined by a core HPFx(D/E) GN(G/K) R motif, consists of over 2,700 proteins found in organisms from bacteria to humans. The immunoglobulin-binding protein A (IbpA) from the bacterial pathogen Histophilus somni contains two Fic domains that adenylylate the switch1 tyrosine residue of Rho-family GTPases, allowing the bacteria to subvert host defenses. Here we present the structure of the second Fic domain of IbpA (IbpAFic2) in complex with its substrate, Cdc42. IbpAFic2-bound Cdc42 mimics the GDI-bound state of Rho GTPases, with both its switch1 and switch2 regions gripped by IbpAFic2. Mutations disrupting the IbpAFic2-Cdc42 interface impair adenylylation and cytotoxicity. Notably, the switch1 tyrosine of Cdc42 is adenylylated in the structure, providing the first structural view for this post-translational modification. We also show that the nucleotide-binding mechanism is conserved among Fic proteins and propose a catalytic mechanism for this recently discovered family of enzymes.
C1 [Xiao, Junyu; Worby, Carolyn A.; Dixon, Jack E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pharmacol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Worby, Carolyn A.; Dixon, Jack E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Worby, Carolyn A.; Dixon, Jack E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Mattoo, Seema; Dixon, Jack E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Howard Hughes Med Inst, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Sankaran, Banumathi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley Ctr Struct Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Dixon, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pharmacol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM jedixon@mail.uscd.edu
FU US National Institutes of Health [AI060662]
FX We are grateful to the University of California, San Diego X-ray
facility staff and the Advanced Light Source (beam line 8.2.1) staff of
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for beam access and help with data
collection, Z. Xu and X. Guo for critically reading the manuscript and
members of the Dixon laboratory for helpful discussions. This work was
supported by US National Institutes of Health grant AI060662 to J.E.D.
NR 33
TC 40
Z9 43
U1 1
U2 16
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1545-9985
J9 NAT STRUCT MOL BIOL
JI Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 17
IS 8
BP 1004
EP U119
DI 10.1038/nsmb.1867
PG 8
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology
GA 635QD
UT WOS:000280670300018
PM 20622875
ER
PT J
AU Logan, J
Biegon, A
Kim, SW
Alexoff, D
Fowler, J
AF Logan, Jean
Biegon, Anat
Kim, Sung Won
Alexoff, David
Fowler, Joanna
TI Quantitating aromatase in the human brain with PET and
[N-methyl-11C]vorozole([11C]VOR)
SO NEUROIMAGE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 8th International Symposium on Functional Neuroreceptor Mapping of the
Living Brain
CY JUL 22-24, 2010
CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND
SP GE, GlaxoSmithKline, Map Med Technologies, Nexxus, Pfizer, PMOD Technologies, PsyRING
C1 [Logan, Jean; Biegon, Anat; Alexoff, David; Fowler, Joanna] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Kim, Sung Won] NIAAA, Bethesda, MD USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 1053-8119
J9 NEUROIMAGE
JI Neuroimage
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 52
SU 1
BP S114
EP S114
DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.093
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical
Imaging
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 629FZ
UT WOS:000280181900095
ER
PT J
AU Riss, PJ
Hooker, JM
Alexoff, D
Kim, SW
Hummerich, R
Ferrari, VA
Schloss, P
Fowler, JS
Roesch, F
Aigbirhio, FI
AF Riss, Patrick J.
Hooker, Jacob M.
Alexoff, David
Kim, Sung-Won
Hummerich, Rene
Ferrari, Valentina A.
Schloss, Patrick
Fowler, Johanna S.
Roesch, Frank
Aigbirhio, Franklin I.
TI Automated GMP production of [11C]PR04.MZ via the captive solvent method
and PET studies in non-human primates: A promising tracer for
extrastriatal DAT imaging
SO NEUROIMAGE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 8th International Symposium on Functional Neuroreceptor Mapping of the
Living Brain
CY JUL 22-24, 2010
CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND
SP GE, GlaxoSmithKline, Map Med Technologies, Nexxus, Pfizer, PMOD Technologies, PsyRING
C1 [Riss, Patrick J.; Ferrari, Valentina A.; Aigbirhio, Franklin I.] Univ Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hosp, Wolfson Brain Imaging Ctr, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England.
[Hooker, Jacob M.; Alexoff, David; Kim, Sung-Won; Fowler, Johanna S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Hummerich, Rene; Schloss, Patrick] Cent Inst Mental Hlth, Biochem Lab, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany.
[Roesch, Frank] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Nucl Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 1053-8119
J9 NEUROIMAGE
JI Neuroimage
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 52
SU 1
BP S117
EP S117
DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.096
PG 1
WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical
Imaging
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 629FZ
UT WOS:000280181900098
ER
PT J
AU Titzler, PS
McMichael, GA
Carter, JA
AF Titzler, P. Scott
McMichael, Geoffrey A.
Carter, Jessica A.
TI Autonomous Acoustic Receiver Deployment and Mooring Techniques for Use
in Large Rivers and Estuaries
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER; ATLANTIC SALMON; SURVIVAL; ARRAY; CORROSION;
MOVEMENTS
AB Acoustic telemetry receivers are used across a range of aquatic habitats to study a diversity of aquatic species. The Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System autonomous acoustic receiver system was deployed and moored in the Columbia River and its estuary. A high receiver loss rate during 2005 in the Columbia River estuary, an area with high water velocities and unstable substrates, prompted improvements to the receiver mooring system, and in 2006 the mooring system was redesigned. This change included elimination of surface buoys, a cable bridle, and an anchor tagline (for anchor recovery). The new mooring configuration, consisting of an acoustic receiver, acoustic release, and mooring line sections that were anchored to the riverbed, improved receiver recovery rates and crew safety. Additionally, a reward program was implemented to provide an incentive for people to return found receivers. The mooring design presented here performed well compared with previous acoustic receiver mooring methods used in the Columbia River system and should be useful for similar applications in large rivers and estuaries with high water velocities and shifting substrates.
C1 [Titzler, P. Scott; McMichael, Geoffrey A.; Carter, Jessica A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Titzler, PS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM scott.titzler@pnl.gov
NR 21
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 16
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 4
BP 853
EP 859
DI 10.1577/M09-143.1
PG 7
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 643EB
UT WOS:000281277300001
ER
PT J
AU Boyd, JW
Guy, CS
Horton, TB
Leathe, SA
AF Boyd, James W.
Guy, Christopher S.
Horton, Travis B.
Leathe, Stephen A.
TI Effects of Catch-and-Release Angling on Salmonids at Elevated Water
Temperatures
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID BONNEVILLE CUTTHROAT TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; MORTALITY;
CONSTANT; EXPOSURE; SURVIVAL; HABITAT; CAUGHT; GROWTH
AB Few studies have assessed catch-and-release mortality of salmonids at water temperatures of 23 degrees C or above, despite predictions of warming stream temperatures due to climate change. The primary objective of this study was to measure the catch-and-release mortality of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, brown trout Salmo trutta, and mountain whitefish Prosopium williamsoni in three water temperature treatments, namely, when daily maximum water temperatures were cool (<20 degrees C), warm (20-22.9 degrees C), and hot (>= 23 degrees C). A secondary objective was to assess the catch-and-release mortality of salmonids angled in morning and evening within the water temperature treatments. These objectives were related to Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks' drought fishing closure policy. Angling (fly-fishing only) occurred in the Gallatin and Smith rivers. All angled fish were confined to in-stream holding cages and monitored for mortality for 72 h. Mortality of rainbow trout peaked at 16% in the Gallatin River and 9% in the Smith River during the hot treatment. Mortality of brown trout was less than 5% in all water temperature treatments in both rivers. Mountain whitefish mortality peaked at 28% in the hot treatment in the Smith River. No mortality for any species occurred in either river when daily maximum water temperatures were less than 20 degrees C. Mortality of rainbow trout peaked at 16% in the evening hot treatment in the Smith River. Mortality rates of brown trout and mountain whitefish were not related to time of day. The catch-and-release mortality rates presented here probably represent fishing mortality given that most anglers in southwestern Montana practice catch-and-release angling. The mortality values we observed were lower than predicted (<30%) given reports in the literature. The difference is probably related to the in situ nature of the study and periods of cooler water temperatures between peaks, which facilitated recovery from thermal stress.
C1 [Boyd, James W.; Guy, Christopher S.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Dept Ecol,Fish & Wildlife Management Program, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
RP Boyd, JW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, Mail Stop K6-85,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM james.boyd@pnl.gov
FU PPL Montana; Federation of Fly Fishers
FX This project was funded by PPL Montana, with logistical support provided
by Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks. We thank Alexander Zale, Molly
Webb, and Tom McMahon for their guidance and insight. We also thank Ben
Savelli for his assistance in the field. A special thanks to Trout
Unlimited and Federation of Fly Fishers for scholarship awards and
angling assistance. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
NR 47
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 6
U2 33
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0275-5947
EI 1548-8675
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 4
BP 898
EP 907
DI 10.1577/M09-107.1
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 643EB
UT WOS:000281277300005
ER
PT J
AU Gorelenkov, NN
Stutman, D
Tritz, K
Boozer, A
Delgado-Aparicio, L
Fredrickson, E
Kaye, S
White, R
AF Gorelenkov, N. N.
Stutman, D.
Tritz, K.
Boozer, A.
Delgado-Aparicio, L.
Fredrickson, E.
Kaye, S.
White, R.
TI Anomalous electron transport due to multiple high frequency beam ion
driven Alfven eigenmodes
SO NUCLEAR FUSION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11th IAEA Technical Meeting on Energetic Particles in Magnetic
Confinement Systems
CY SEP, 2009
CL Kiev, UKRAINE
SP Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Nucl Res, IAEA
ID PLASMAS; SPECTRUM
AB We report on the simulations of recently observed correlations of the core electron transport with the sub-thermal ion cyclotron frequency instabilities in low aspect ratio plasmas of the National Spherical Torus Experiment. In order to model the electron transport the guiding centre code ORBIT is employed. A spectrum of test functions of multiple core localized global shear Alfven eigenmode (GAE) instabilities based on a previously developed theory and experimental observations is used to examine the electron transport properties. The simulations exhibit thermal electron transport induced by electron drift orbit stochasticity in the presence of multiple core localized GAE.
C1 [Gorelenkov, N. N.; Delgado-Aparicio, L.; Fredrickson, E.; Kaye, S.; White, R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
[Stutman, D.; Tritz, K.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Boozer, A.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA.
RP Gorelenkov, NN (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
EM ngorelen@pppl.gov
RI White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013; Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015
OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685;
NR 23
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
PI VIENNA
PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA
SN 0029-5515
J9 NUCL FUSION
JI Nucl. Fusion
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 50
IS 8
SI SI
AR 084012
DI 10.1088/0029-5515/50/8/084012
PG 11
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 633LZ
UT WOS:000280505800013
ER
PT J
AU Kolesnichenko, YI
Lutsenko, VV
White, RB
AF Kolesnichenko, Ya. I.
Lutsenko, V. V.
White, R. B.
TI Fishbone modes in compressible plasmas
SO NUCLEAR FUSION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11th IAEA Technical Meeting on Energetic Particles in Magnetic
Confinement Systems
CY SEP, 2009
CL Kiev, UKRAINE
SP Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Nucl Res, IAEA
ID OPTIMIZED STELLARATORS
AB It is shown that there exist two types of m = n = 1 fishbone modes with frequencies significantly exceeding the frequency of the conventional fishbone instability. One of them is the resonance continuum mode (RCM), and the other is the non-resonance gap mode (NGM). They are associated with the trapped energetic ions and arise due to plasma compressibility. The spatial structure of the RCM may differ considerably from the rigid kink displacement inherent in the conventional fishbone mode.
C1 [Kolesnichenko, Ya. I.; Lutsenko, V. V.] Inst Nucl Res, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine.
[White, R. B.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
RP Kolesnichenko, YI (reprint author), Inst Nucl Res, Prospekt Nauky 47, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine.
RI White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013
OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685
NR 10
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 3
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0029-5515
J9 NUCL FUSION
JI Nucl. Fusion
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 50
IS 8
SI SI
AR 084017
DI 10.1088/0029-5515/50/8/084017
PG 6
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 633LZ
UT WOS:000280505800018
ER
PT J
AU Kolesnichenko, YI
Yakovenko, YV
Lutsenko, VV
White, RB
Weller, A
AF Kolesnichenko, Ya. I.
Yakovenko, Yu. V.
Lutsenko, V. V.
White, R. B.
Weller, A.
TI Effects of energetic-ion-driven instabilities on plasma heating,
transport and rotation in toroidal systems
SO NUCLEAR FUSION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11th IAEA Technical Meeting on Energetic Particles in Magnetic
Confinement Systems
CY SEP, 2009
CL Kiev, UKRAINE
SP Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Nucl Res, IAEA
ID PARTICLES
AB A theory is developed from which it follows that energetic-ion-driven instabilities can, first, channel the energy of the energetic ions outside the region where these ions are located and, second, considerably affect the electron heat flux across the magnetic field. A new mechanism of frequency chirping is revealed, namely it is shown that instabilities caused by the energetic ions can influence the plasma rotation, in which case the development of instabilities results in a variation of the Doppler shift in time. It is concluded that a key factor responsible for the mentioned phenomena is the local imbalance of the wave emission by energetic ions and the wave absorption by electrons along the radius. On the basis of the developed theory, experiments on the stellarator Wendelstein 7-AS and the spherical torus NSTX, where the effects of Alfvenic activity on the plasma temperature were observed, are considered.
C1 [Kolesnichenko, Ya. I.; Yakovenko, Yu. V.; Lutsenko, V. V.] Inst Nucl Res, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine.
[White, R. B.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
[Weller, A.] IPP EURATOM Assoc, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
RP Kolesnichenko, YI (reprint author), Inst Nucl Res, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine.
RI White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013;
OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685; Yakovenko, Yuriy/0000-0002-3499-5275
NR 15
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 3
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0029-5515
J9 NUCL FUSION
JI Nucl. Fusion
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 50
IS 8
SI SI
AR 084011
DI 10.1088/0029-5515/50/8/084011
PG 12
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 633LZ
UT WOS:000280505800012
ER
PT J
AU Ogawa, K
Isobe, M
Toi, K
Watanabe, F
Spong, DA
Shimizu, A
Osakabe, M
Ohdachi, S
Sakakibara, S
AF Ogawa, K.
Isobe, M.
Toi, K.
Watanabe, F.
Spong, D. A.
Shimizu, A.
Osakabe, M.
Ohdachi, S.
Sakakibara, S.
CA LHD Expt Grp
TI Observation of energetic-ion losses induced by various MHD instabilities
in the Large Helical Device (LHD)
SO NUCLEAR FUSION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11th IAEA Technical Meeting on Energetic Particles in Magnetic
Confinement Systems
CY SEP, 2009
CL Kiev, UKRAINE
SP Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Nucl Res, IAEA
ID ALFVEN EIGENMODES; FUSION PRODUCTS; BEAM IONS; DIII-D; TRANSPORT;
PLASMAS; DRIVEN; MODES; ALPHA; TFTR
AB Energetic-ion losses induced by toroidicity-induced Alfven eigenmodes (TAEs) and resistive interchange modes (RICs) were observed in neutral-beam heated plasmas of the Large Helical Device (LHD) at a relatively low toroidal magnetic field level (<= 0.75 T). The energy and pitch angle of the lost ions are detected using a scintillator-based lost-fast ion probe. Each instability increases the lost ions having a certain energy/pitch angle. TAE bursts preferentially induce energetic beam ions in co-passing orbits having energy from the injection energy E = 190keV down to 130 keV, while RICs expel energetic ions of E = 190 keV down to similar to 130 keV in passing-toroidally trapped boundary orbits. Loss fluxes induced by these instabilities increase with different dependences on the magnetic fluctuation amplitude: nonlinear and linear dependences for TAEs and RICs, respectively.
C1 [Ogawa, K.] Nagoya Univ, Dept Energy Sci & Engn, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan.
[Isobe, M.; Toi, K.; Shimizu, A.; Osakabe, M.; Ohdachi, S.; Sakakibara, S.; LHD Expt Grp] Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki, Gifu 5095292, Japan.
[Watanabe, F.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Energy Sci, Kyoto 6068502, Japan.
[Spong, D. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Ogawa, K (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Dept Energy Sci & Engn, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan.
EM ogawa.kunihiro@lhd.nifs.ac.jp
RI Spong, Donald/C-6887-2012; OGAWA, Kunihiro/E-7516-2013; Sakakibara,
Satoru/E-7542-2013
OI Spong, Donald/0000-0003-2370-1873; OGAWA, Kunihiro/0000-0003-4555-1837;
Sakakibara, Satoru/0000-0002-3306-0531
NR 56
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 4
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0029-5515
EI 1741-4326
J9 NUCL FUSION
JI Nucl. Fusion
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 50
IS 8
SI SI
AR 084005
DI 10.1088/0029-5515/50/8/084005
PG 12
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 633LZ
UT WOS:000280505800006
ER
PT J
AU Van Zeeland, MA
Yu, JH
Heidbrink, WW
Brooks, NH
Burrell, KH
Chu, MS
Hyatt, AW
Muscatello, C
Nazikian, R
Pablant, NA
Pace, DC
Solomon, WM
Wade, MR
AF Van Zeeland, M. A.
Yu, J. H.
Heidbrink, W. W.
Brooks, N. H.
Burrell, K. H.
Chu, M. S.
Hyatt, A. W.
Muscatello, C.
Nazikian, R.
Pablant, N. A.
Pace, D. C.
Solomon, W. M.
Wade, M. R.
TI Imaging key aspects of fast ion physics in the DIII-D tokamak
SO NUCLEAR FUSION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11th IAEA Technical Meeting on Energetic Particles in Magnetic
Confinement Systems
CY SEP, 2009
CL Kiev, UKRAINE
SP Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Nucl Res, IAEA
ID BEAM EMISSION; PLASMAS; FLUCTUATIONS; TOMOGRAPHY; MODES; JET
AB Visible imaging has been used to provide the 2D spatial structure and temporal evolution of the profile of high-energy neutrals introduced by neutral beam injection, the fast ion profile and a variety of plasma instabilities in DIII-D plasmas; the combination of these techniques form a comprehensive fast ion physics diagnostic suite. The injected neutral profile is imaged in Doppler shifted D(alpha) light induced by collisional excitation. Fast ion profile information was obtained through imaging of Doppler shifted fast ion D(alpha) light (FIDA) emitted by re-neutralized energetic ions. Imaging of FIDA emission during sawtooth events shows a large central depletion following sawtooth crashes-indicative of a broad redistribution of fast ions. Two examples of instability structure measurements are given. Measurements of the detailed 2D poloidal structure of rotating tearing modes were obtained using spectrally filtered fast imaging of broadband visible bremsstrahlung emission, a method which is capable of imaging with high resolution the structure of coherent oscillations in the core of current and next-step fusion plasma experiments and can be applied to virtually any mode with a finite perturbed bremsstrahlung emissivity and frequency in the laboratory frame. Measurements are also presented of the n = 0 energetic particle geodesic acoustic mode which were made by observing fluctuations in active emission.
C1 [Van Zeeland, M. A.; Brooks, N. H.; Burrell, K. H.; Chu, M. S.; Hyatt, A. W.; Wade, M. R.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA.
[Yu, J. H.; Pablant, N. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys & Astron, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Heidbrink, W. W.; Muscatello, C.; Pace, D. C.] Univ Calif Irvine, Energy Res Ctr, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Nazikian, R.; Solomon, W. M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RP Van Zeeland, MA (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA.
EM vanzeeland@fusion.gat.com
OI Solomon, Wayne/0000-0002-0902-9876
NR 30
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 6
PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
PI VIENNA
PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA
SN 0029-5515
J9 NUCL FUSION
JI Nucl. Fusion
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 50
IS 8
SI SI
AR 084002
DI 10.1088/0029-5515/50/8/084002
PG 12
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 633LZ
UT WOS:000280505800003
ER
PT J
AU von Thun, CP
Perona, A
Johnson, T
Sharapov, SE
Reich, M
Kiptily, VG
Cecconello, M
Salmi, A
Goloborod'ko, VY
Pinches, SD
Garcia-Munoz, Mi
Darrow, D
Brix, M
Voitsekhovitch, I
AF von Thun, C. Perez
Perona, A.
Johnson, T.
Sharapov, S. E.
Reich, M.
Kiptily, V. G.
Cecconello, M.
Salmi, A.
Goloborod'ko, V. Ya
Pinches, S. D.
Garcia-Munoz, M.
Darrow, D.
Brix, M.
Voitsekhovitch, I.
CA JET EFDA Contributors
TI MeV-range fast ion losses induced by fishbones on JET
SO NUCLEAR FUSION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11th IAEA Technical Meeting on Energetic Particles in Magnetic
Confinement Systems
CY SEP, 2009
CL Kiev, UKRAINE
SP Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Nucl Res, IAEA
ID SCINTILLATOR PROBE; ALFVEN EIGENMODES; TOROIDAL PLASMAS;
ALPHA-PARTICLES; FUSION PRODUCTS; TOKAMAKS; DISTRIBUTIONS; OSCILLATIONS;
CONFINEMENT; MODES
AB Energy and pitch angle resolved measurements of highly energetic (megaelectronvolt (MeV) range) suprathermal ions ejected from the plasma through interaction with fishbone oscillations are presented. The measurements are obtained with a 2D scintillator probe diagnostic installed on JET, which is designed to detect lost ions only above a certain energy threshold (E(min, D) similar to 200 keV). In the case reported here the lost ions are identified as fast protons which had been accelerated to high energies by ICRF minority heating. The energy of the lost protons (similar to 0.5-4 MeV) is approximately one order of magnitude higher than the energy of the injected beam ions (maximum 130 keV) driving the fishbone. Losses arriving at the probe are enhanced by about a factor 10-20 with respect to MHD-quiescent levels, and are found to increase quadratically with the fishbone amplitude. Using a number of simplifying assumptions, numerical simulations have been performed which combine the HAGIS, MISHKA and SELFO codes (where the distribution function predicted by SELFO has been validated against neutral particle analyser measurements). The losses are found to originate from orbit stochastic diffusion of trapped protons near the plasma boundary or from counter-passing protons deep in the plasma core, which transit under the influence of the fishbone into an unconfined trapped orbit. The simulations show further that the losses are of non-resonant type. The simulated energy and pitch angle distribution of the losses, the temporal behaviour of the losses during a fishbone cycle and the scaling of the losses with the fishbone amplitude are compared with experiment. The simulation results are mostly in broad agreement with experiment, but some of the predictions could not be reconciled with experiment using this model.
C1 [von Thun, C. Perez; Reich, M.; Garcia-Munoz, M.] EURATOM Assoc IPP, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
[Perona, A.] Politecn Torino, Burning Plasma Res Grp, I-10129 Turin, Italy.
[Johnson, T.] KTH, EES, EURATOM VR Assoc, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
[Sharapov, S. E.; Kiptily, V. G.; Pinches, S. D.; Brix, M.; Voitsekhovitch, I.] Culham Sci Ctr, EURATOM CCFE Fus Assoc, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England.
[JET EFDA Contributors] JET EFDA Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England.
[Cecconello, M.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, EURATOM VR Assoc, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
[Salmi, A.] Helsinki Univ Technol, Assoc EURATOM Tekes, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland.
[Goloborod'ko, V. Ya] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, Assoc EURATOM OEAW, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
[Darrow, D.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
RP von Thun, CP (reprint author), EURATOM Assoc IPP, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
EM Christian.Perez.Von.Thun@jet.efda.org
RI garcia-munoz, manuel/C-6825-2008; Salmi, Antti/I-7413-2013
OI garcia-munoz, manuel/0000-0002-3241-502X;
NR 41
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 10
PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
PI VIENNA
PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA
SN 0029-5515
J9 NUCL FUSION
JI Nucl. Fusion
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 50
IS 8
SI SI
AR 084009
DI 10.1088/0029-5515/50/8/084009
PG 12
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 633LZ
UT WOS:000280505800010
ER
PT J
AU Yakovenko, YV
Kolesnichenko, YI
Lutsenko, VV
White, RB
Werner, A
AF Yakovenko, Yu. V.
Kolesnichenko, Ya. I.
Lutsenko, V. V.
White, R. B.
Werner, A.
TI Mode coupling in Alfven instabilities
SO NUCLEAR FUSION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11th IAEA Technical Meeting on Energetic Particles in Magnetic
Confinement Systems
CY SEP, 2009
CL Kiev, UKRAINE
SP Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Nucl Res, IAEA
ID EIGENMODES; CONTINUUM; STELLARATORS
AB It is shown numerically that even a weak deviation from the axial symmetry of the magnetic configuration in tokamaks can drastically change the spatial structure of toroidicity-induced Alfven eigenmodes (TAEs), turning them into modes characterized by strong dependence of the amplitude on the toroidal coordinate. The reason for this lies in the fact that the TAEs are close to degeneracy: TAEs with different toroidal mode numbers (n) may have almost the same frequency. A condition necessary for a certain steady-state non-axisymmetric harmonic of the magnetic field to couple TAEs and ellipticity-induced Alfven eigenmodes (EAEs) with different n (the 'selection rule') is obtained. In particular, a coupling harmonic of significant amplitude can be found more easily in a stellarator with large rotational transform and a small number of field periods. In tokamaks, any magnetic island satisfies the selection rule and can thus couple TAEs. This may explain why multiple modes with different n often appear and disappear simultaneously in TAE bursts. This may also explain an observation of a TAE with the amplitude varying in phase with a quasi-steady-state magnetic perturbation in the spherical torus NSTX.
C1 [Yakovenko, Yu. V.; Kolesnichenko, Ya. I.; Lutsenko, V. V.] Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, UA-252028 Kiev, Ukraine.
[White, R. B.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
[Werner, A.] Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, Greifswald, Germany.
RP Yakovenko, YV (reprint author), Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, UA-252028 Kiev, Ukraine.
EM yakovenko@kinr.kiev.ua
RI White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013;
OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685; Yakovenko, Yuriy/0000-0002-3499-5275
NR 24
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
PI VIENNA
PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA
SN 0029-5515
J9 NUCL FUSION
JI Nucl. Fusion
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 50
IS 8
SI SI
AR 084015
DI 10.1088/0029-5515/50/8/084015
PG 6
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 633LZ
UT WOS:000280505800016
ER
PT J
AU Pogorelsky, IV
Yakimenko, V
Polyanskiy, M
Shkolnikov, P
Ispiryan, M
Neely, D
McKenna, P
Carroll, D
Najmudin, Z
Willingale, L
AF Pogorelsky, I. V.
Yakimenko, V.
Polyanskiy, M.
Shkolnikov, P.
Ispiryan, M.
Neely, D.
McKenna, P.
Carroll, D.
Najmudin, Z.
Willingale, L.
TI Ultrafast CO2 laser technology: Application in ion acceleration
SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS
SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT COULOMB Workshop on Ions Acceleration with High Power Lasers
CY JUN 15-18, 2009
CL Senigallia, ITALY
DE CO2 laser; Protons; Ion acceleration
ID LASER
AB We review principles of picosecond CO2 lasers, operating at 10 mu m wavelength, and their applications for strong-field physics research. Such laser has been used in a number of BNL experiments that explore advanced methods of particle acceleration and X-ray generation. We illustrate merits of the wavelength scaling from optical to mid-IR region by the examples of ion/proton acceleration and report the first experimental results that confirm the expected wavelength scaling of the process. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Pogorelsky, I. V.; Yakimenko, V.; Polyanskiy, M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, ATF, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Shkolnikov, P.; Ispiryan, M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Neely, D.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Cent Laser Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
[McKenna, P.; Carroll, D.] Univ Strathclyde, SUPA, Dept Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland.
[Najmudin, Z.; Willingale, L.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England.
[Willingale, L.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Ultrafast Opt Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
RP Pogorelsky, IV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, ATF, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM igor@bnl.gov
RI Polyanskiy, Mikhail/E-8406-2010; McKenna, Paul/B-9764-2009
OI McKenna, Paul/0000-0001-8061-7091
NR 9
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-9002
J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A
JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc.
Equip.
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 620
IS 1
SI SI
BP 67
EP 70
DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.01.062
PG 4
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA 627XQ
UT WOS:000280078000013
ER
PT J
AU Poineau, F
Sattelberger, A
Forster, P
Weck, P
Johnstone, E
Ma, LZ
Czerwinski, K
AF Poineau, Frederic
Sattelberger, Alfred
Forster, Paul
Weck, Philippe
Johnstone, Erik
Ma, Longzhou
Czerwinski, Kenneth
TI Synthesis and characterization of new binary technetium halides
SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Poineau, Frederic; Forster, Paul; Weck, Philippe; Johnstone, Erik; Ma, Longzhou; Czerwinski, Kenneth] Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.
[Sattelberger, Alfred] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0969-8051
J9 NUCL MED BIOL
JI Nucl. Med. Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 37
IS 6
BP 678
EP 678
DI 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.04.031
PG 1
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 640TK
UT WOS:000281075100006
ER
PT J
AU Czerwinski, K
Mausolf, E
Poineau, F
Kolman, D
Hartmann, T
Weck, P
Jarvinen, G
AF Czerwinski, Kenneth
Mausolf, Edward
Poineau, Frederic
Kolman, Dave
Hartmann, Thomas
Weck, Philippe
Jarvinen, Gordon
TI Synthesis and characterization of technetium waste forms from an
advanced fuel cycle
SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Czerwinski, Kenneth; Mausolf, Edward; Poineau, Frederic; Hartmann, Thomas; Weck, Philippe] Univ Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV USA.
[Kolman, Dave; Jarvinen, Gordon] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0969-8051
J9 NUCL MED BIOL
JI Nucl. Med. Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 37
IS 6
BP 686
EP 687
DI 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.04.023
PG 2
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 640TK
UT WOS:000281075100038
ER
PT J
AU Sattelberger, A
Poineau, F
Forster, P
Todorova, T
Gagliardi, L
Czerwinski, K
AF Sattelberger, Alfred
Poineau, Frederic
Forster, Paul
Todorova, Tanya
Gagliardi, Laura
Czerwinski, Kenneth
TI Radioactive electron-rich metal-metal triple bonds: the Tc2X4(PMe3)(4)
complexes (X=Cl, Br)
SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred] Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA.
[Sattelberger, Alfred; Poineau, Frederic; Forster, Paul; Czerwinski, Kenneth] Univ Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV USA.
[Todorova, Tanya; Gagliardi, Laura] Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
[Gagliardi, Laura] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0969-8051
J9 NUCL MED BIOL
JI Nucl. Med. Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 37
IS 6
BP 686
EP 686
DI 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.04.034
PG 1
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 640TK
UT WOS:000281075100036
ER
PT J
AU Staples, P
Chamberlin, J
Lacey, J
Hamilton, R
Fitzgerald, C
Lindemyer, J
Vandegrift, G
Pope, N
Ireland, J
Dale, G
Binder, J
Jollay, L
AF Staples, Parrish
Chamberlin, Jeffrey
Lacey, Jennifer
Hamilton, Rilla
Fitzgerald, Cheryl
Lindemyer, Jeffrey
Vandegrift, George
Pope, Noah
Ireland, John
Dale, Gregory
Binder, Jeffrey
Jollay, Lloyd
TI GTRI'S efforts to accelerate the establishment of a medical isotope
production capability without the use of highly enriched uranium
SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Lindemyer, Jeffrey] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Vandegrift, George] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Pope, Noah; Ireland, John; Dale, Gregory] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA.
[Binder, Jeffrey] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RI Dale, Gregory/A-9419-2009
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0969-8051
J9 NUCL MED BIOL
JI Nucl. Med. Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 37
IS 6
BP 713
EP 713
DI 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.04.058
PG 1
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 640TK
UT WOS:000281075100137
ER
PT J
AU Dusling, K
AF Dusling, Kevin
TI Photons as a viscometer of heavy ion collisions
SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A
LA English
DT Article
DE Viscous hydrodynamics; Photons; Dileptons; Electromagnetic radiation
ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; CAUSAL VISCOUS HYDRODYNAMICS; ELLIPTIC FLOW;
COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE
AB The viscous correction to thermal photon production at leading log order is calculated and integrated over the space-time evolution of a hydrodynamic simulation of heavy-ion collisions. The resulting transverse momentum spectra and elliptic flow can be reliably calculated within a hydrodynamic framework up to transverse momenta of q(perpendicular to) approximate to 2.5 GeV and q(perpendicular to) approximate to 1.5 GeV respectively. A non-vanishing viscosity leads to a larger thermalization time when extracted from the experimentally measured inverse slope (T(eff)) of photon q(perpendicular to) spectra. A precise, O(20 MeV), measurement of photon T(eff) can place stringent bounds on tau(0) and eta/s. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Dusling, K (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Bldg 510A, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM kdusling@quark.phy.bnl.gov
OI Dusling, Kevin/0000-0001-9598-0416
FU US-DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX I am grateful to Raju Venugopalan for a careful reading of this
manuscript and making many valuable suggestions. I would also like to
thank Ulrich Heinz, Shu Lin, Rob Pisarski, Derek Teaney and Werner
Vogelsang for useful discussions. This work was supported by the US-DOE
grant DE-AC02-98CH10886.
NR 31
TC 34
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0375-9474
J9 NUCL PHYS A
JI Nucl. Phys. A
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 839
BP 70
EP 77
DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2010.04.001
PG 8
WC Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA 607BA
UT WOS:000278472100005
ER
PT J
AU Campbell, JM
Ellis, RK
AF Campbell, John M.
Ellis, R. K.
TI MCFM for the Tevatron and the LHC
SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th DESY Workshop on Elementary Particle Theory
CY APR 25-30, 2010
CL Worlitz, GERMANY
SP DESY
AB A summary is given of the current status of the next-to-leading order (NLO) parton-level integrator MCFM. Some details are given about the Higgs + 2-jet process and the production and decay of t (t) over bar, both of which have recently been added to the code. Using MCFM, comparisons between the Tevatron running at root s = 2 TeV and the LHC running at root s = 7 TeV are made for standard model process including the production of Higgs bosons. The case for running the Tevatron until 16fb(-1) are accumulated by both detectors is sketched.
C1 [Campbell, John M.; Ellis, R. K.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
RP Campbell, JM (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
NR 39
TC 293
Z9 292
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0920-5632
J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP
JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl.
PD AUG-SEP
PY 2010
VL 205-06
BP 10
EP 15
DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2010.08.011
PG 6
WC Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA 704VF
UT WOS:000286083000003
ER
PT J
AU Laenen, E
Magnea, L
Stavenga, G
White, CD
AF Laenen, E.
Magnea, L.
Stavenga, G.
White, C. D.
TI On next-to-eikonal exponentiation
SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th DESY Workshop on Elementary Particle Theory
CY APR 25-30, 2010
CL Worlitz, GERMANY
ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; CROSS-SECTIONS; QCD CORRECTIONS; DRELL-YAN;
BREMSSTRAHLUNG; RESUMMATION; EVOLUTION
AB The eikonal approximation is at the heart of many theoretical and phenomenological studies involving multiple soft gauge boson emissions in high energy physics. We describe our efforts towards the extension of the eikonal approximation for scattering amplitudes to the first subleading power in the soft momentum.
C1 [Laenen, E.] Nikhef, NL-1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands.
[Laenen, E.] Univ Utrecht, ITF, NL-3584 CE Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Laenen, E.] Univ Amsterdam, ITFA, NL-1090 GL Amsterdam, Netherlands.
[Magnea, L.] CERN, PH Dept, TH Grp, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
[Magnea, L.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Teor, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy.
[Stavenga, G.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
[White, C. D.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Inst Particle Phys Phenomenol, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
RP Laenen, E (reprint author), Nikhef, Sci Pk 105, NL-1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands.
OI Magnea, Lorenzo/0000-0002-7016-2756
NR 29
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0920-5632
J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP
JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl.
PD AUG-SEP
PY 2010
VL 205-06
BP 260
EP 265
DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2010.09.003
PG 6
WC Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA 704VF
UT WOS:000286083000045
ER
PT J
AU Juchau, CA
Dunzik-Gougar, ML
Jacobson, JJ
AF Juchau, Christopher A.
Dunzik-Gougar, Mary Lou
Jacobson, Jacob J.
TI MODELING THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE
SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE fuel cycle modeling; discrete material tracking; fuel cycle optimization
AB A review of existing analysis codes for nuclear fuel cycle systems was performed to determine if any existing codes meet technical and functional requirements defined for a U.S. national program supporting the global and domestic assessment, development, and deployment of nuclear energy systems. The program would be implemented using an interconnected architecture of different codes ranging from the fuel cycle analysis code, which is the subject of the review, to fundamental physical and mechanistic codes. Four main functions are defined for the code. Function 1 is the ability to characterize and deploy individual fuel cycle facilities and reactors in a simulation while discretely tracking material movements. Function 2 is the capability to perform an uncertainty analysis for each element of the fuel cycle and an aggregate uncertainty analysis. Function 3 is the inclusion of an optimization engine able to optimize simultaneously across multiple objective functions. Function 4 is open and accessible code software and documentation to aid in collaboration between multiple entities and to facilitate software updates.
Existing codes, categorized as annualized or discrete fuel tracking codes, were assessed according to the four functions and associated requirements. These codes were developed by various government, education, and industrial entities to fulfill particular needs. In some cases, decisions were made during code development to limit the level of detail included in a code to ease its use or to focus on certain aspects of a fuel cycle to address specific questions. The review revealed that while no two of the codes are identical, they all perform many of the same basic functions. No code was able to perform defined function 2 or several requirements of functions 1 and 3. Based on this review, it was concluded that the functions and requirements will be met only with development of a new code, referred to as GENIUS.
C1 [Juchau, Christopher A.] Energy Solut, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
[Dunzik-Gougar, Mary Lou] Idaho State Univ, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA.
[Dunzik-Gougar, Mary Lou; Jacobson, Jacob J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA.
RP Juchau, CA (reprint author), Energy Solut, 2345 Stevens Dr,Suite 240, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
EM mldg@isu.edu
NR 16
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC
PI LA GRANGE PK
PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA
SN 0029-5450
J9 NUCL TECHNOL
JI Nucl. Technol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 171
IS 2
BP 136
EP 141
PG 6
WC Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 635VF
UT WOS:000280684400002
ER
PT J
AU Momozaki, Y
Cho, DH
Sienicki, JJ
Moisseytsev, A
AF Momozaki, Yoichi
Cho, Dae H.
Sienicki, James J.
Moisseytsev, Anton
TI EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ON SODIUM PLUGGING IN NARROW FLOW CHANNELS
SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE liquid sodium; heat exchanger; sodium oxide plugging
AB A series of experiments was performed to investigate the potential for plugging of narrow flow channels of sodium by impurities (e.g., oxides). In the first phase of the experiments, clean sodium was circulated through the test sections simulating flow channels in a compact diffusion-bonded heat exchanger such as a printed circuit heat exchanger. The primary objective was to see if small channels whose cross sections are semicircles of 2, 4, and 6 mm in diameter are usable in liquid sodium applications where sodium purity is carefully controlled. It was concluded that the 2-mm channels, the smallest of the three, could be used in clean sodium systems at temperatures even as low as 100 to 110 degrees C without plugging. In the second phase, sodium oxide was added to the loop, and the oxygen concentration in the liquid sodium was controlled by means of varying the cold-trap temperature. Intentional plugging was induced by creating a cold spot in the test sections, and the subsequent plugging behavior was observed. It was found that plugging in the 2-mm test section was initiated by lowering the cold spot temperature below the cold-trap temperature by 10 to 30 degrees C. Unplugging of the plugged channels was accomplished by heating the affected test section.
C1 [Momozaki, Yoichi; Cho, Dae H.; Sienicki, James J.; Moisseytsev, Anton] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Momozaki, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM momo@anl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative/Global
Nuclear Energy Partnership
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Advanced
Fuel Cycle Initiative/Global Nuclear Energy Partnership. The authors are
indebted to S. Golub and B. Singh of the DOE's Office of Fast Reactor
Development. The authors would like to thank C. B. Reed, M. T. Farmer,
C. Grandy, and R. N. Hill for their support of this project.
NR 4
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC
PI LA GRANGE PK
PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA
SN 0029-5450
J9 NUCL TECHNOL
JI Nucl. Technol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 171
IS 2
BP 153
EP 160
PG 8
WC Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 635VF
UT WOS:000280684400004
ER
PT J
AU Evans, TM
Stafford, AS
Slaybaugh, RN
Clarno, KT
AF Evans, Thomas M.
Stafford, Alissa S.
Slaybaugh, Rachel N.
Clarno, Kevin T.
TI DENOVO: A NEW THREE-DIMENSIONAL PARALLEL DISCRETE ORDINATES CODE IN
SCALE
SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE radiation transport; discrete ordinates; Boltzmann equation
ID DIFFUSION-SYNTHETIC ACCELERATION; EQUATIONS; ALGORITHM; MESHES
AB Denovo is a new, three-dimensional, discrete ordinates (S-N) transport code that uses state-of-the-art solution methods to obtain accurate solutions to the Boltzmann transport equation. Denovo uses the Koch-Baker-Alcouffe parallel sweep algorithm to obtain high parallel efficiency on O(100) processors on XYZ orthogonal meshes. As opposed to traditional S-N codes that use source iteration, Denovo uses nonstationary Krylov methods to solve the within-group equations. Krylov methods are far more efficient than stationary schemes. Additionally, classic acceleration schemes (diffusion synthetic acceleration) do not suffer stability problems when used as a preconditioner to a Krylov solver. Denovo's generic programming framework allows multiple spatial discretization schemes and solution methodologies. Denovo currently provides diamond-difference, theta-weighted diamond-difference, linear-discontinuous finite element, trilinear-discontinuous finite element, and step characteristics spatial differencing schemes. Also, users have the option of running traditional source iteration instead of Krylov iteration. Multigroup upscatter problems can be solved using Gauss-Seidel iteration with transport, two-grid acceleration. A parallel first-collision source is also available. Denovo solutions to the Kobayashi benchmarks are in excellent agreement with published results. Parallel performance shows excellent weak scaling up to 20 000 cores and good scaling up to 40000 cores.
C1 [Evans, Thomas M.; Stafford, Alissa S.; Slaybaugh, Rachel N.; Clarno, Kevin T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Radiat Transport Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Evans, TM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Radiat Transport Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM evanstm@ornl.gov
OI Clarno, Kevin/0000-0002-5999-2978; Slaybaugh, Rachel/0000-0002-6296-6519
NR 28
TC 54
Z9 54
U1 3
U2 16
PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC
PI LA GRANGE PK
PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA
SN 0029-5450
EI 1943-7471
J9 NUCL TECHNOL
JI Nucl. Technol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 171
IS 2
BP 171
EP 200
PG 30
WC Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 635VF
UT WOS:000280684400006
ER
PT J
AU Wang, YF
Jove-Colon, CF
Mattie, PD
Mackinnon, RJ
Lord, ME
AF Wang, Yifeng
Jove-Colon, Carlos F.
Mattie, Patrick D.
Mackinnon, Robert J.
Lord, Michael E.
TI HYDROLOGIC, CHEMICAL, AND THERMAL CONSTRAINTS ON WATER AVAILABILITY
INSIDE BREACHED WASTE PACKAGES IN THE YUCCA MOUNTAIN REPOSITORY
SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE nuclear waste disposal; waste package; water availability
ID RADIONUCLIDE RELEASE; DISPOSAL CONDITIONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS;
UNSATURATED ZONE; RIVULET FLOW; SOIL; DISSOLUTION; ENVIRONMENT;
CORROSION
AB Water is the most important reacting agent that directly controls radionuclide release from a nuclear waste repository to a human-accessible environment. In this paper, we present a water balance model to calculate the amount of water that can accumulate inside or percolate through a breached waste package in Yucca Mountain repository environments as a function of the temperature and relative humidity in the surrounding waste emplacement drift, the rate of water dripping from seepage, the area of breaches on the waste package, and the extent of waste degradation. The model accounts for sheet flows created as water drips fall onto the waste package surface, water vapor diffusion across waste package breaches, and water vapor equilibrium with unsaturated porous corrosion products. Preliminary model simulation results indicate that a breached waste package may maintain a large part of its barrier capability, and probably <1% of the total seepage flux impinging on the waste package surface can enter the package. Vapor diffusion of water through the breaches can be as important as liquid water flow into the waste package. Waste degradation reactions can consume a significant fraction of water entering the waste package. The water saturation inside waste packages will be low (<0.5), and the advective water flux out of a waste package will be small (with the mean value <0.5 l/yr per package) over a wide range of seepage rates considered (1 to 1000 l/yr). Furthermore, the ionic strength of in-package water will remain relatively high for the first 10 000 yr, which will likely destabilize colloid suspensions and limit colloid releases.
C1 [Wang, Yifeng; Jove-Colon, Carlos F.; Mattie, Patrick D.; Mackinnon, Robert J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
[Lord, Michael E.] Intera Inc, Las Vegas, NV 89144 USA.
RP Wang, YF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM ywang@sandia.gov
FU DOE [DE-AC04-94AL8500]; DOE Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste
Management
FX This work was performed at Sandia National Laboratories, which is a
multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a
Lockheed-Martin Company, for the DOE under contract DE-AC04-94AL8500.
The work was supported by the DOE Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste
Management Yucca Mountain Program. We thank S. Mehta of Intera, Inc.,
for an insightful discussion on water flow in unsaturated media and for
his help with an early version of model implementation. We also thank
fellow Sandians R. Finch for deriving HLWG dissolution rates from
natural analog data, P. Mariner for a useful discussion on in-package
chemistry, and C. Bryan for his review of the manuscript.
NR 46
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC
PI LA GRANGE PK
PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA
SN 0029-5450
J9 NUCL TECHNOL
JI Nucl. Technol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 171
IS 2
BP 201
EP 219
PG 19
WC Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 635VF
UT WOS:000280684400007
ER
PT J
AU Berquist, BR
Singh, DK
Fan, JS
Kim, D
Gillenwater, E
Kulkarni, A
Bohr, VA
Ackerman, EJ
Tomkinson, AE
Wilson, DM
AF Berquist, Brian R.
Singh, Dharmendra Kumar
Fan, Jinshui
Kim, Daemyung
Gillenwater, Elizabeth
Kulkarni, Avanti
Bohr, Vilhelm A.
Ackerman, Eric J.
Tomkinson, Alan E.
Wilson, David M., III
TI Functional capacity of XRCC1 protein variants identified in DNA
repair-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cell lines and the human
population
SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID BASE EXCISION-REPAIR; STRAND-BREAK REPAIR; POLYMERASE-BETA INTERACTION;
SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; LIGASE-III; CANCER-RISK; DAMAGE; BINDING;
POLYMORPHISMS; DISEASE
AB XRCC1 operates as a scaffold protein in base excision repair, a pathway that copes with base and sugar damage in DNA. Studies using recombinant XRCC1 proteins revealed that: a C389Y substitution, responsible for the repair defects of the EM-C11 CHO cell line, caused protein instability; a V86R mutation abolished the interaction with POL beta, but did not disrupt the interactions with PARP-1, LIG3 alpha and PCNA; and an E98K substitution, identified in EM-C12, reduced protein integrity, marginally destabilized the POL beta interaction, and slightly enhanced DNA binding. Two rare (P161L and Y576S) and two frequent (R194W and R399Q) amino acid population variants had little or no effect on XRCC1 protein stability or the interactions with POL beta, PARP-1, LIG3 alpha, PCNA or DNA. One common population variant (R280H) had no pronounced effect on the interactions with POL beta, PARP-1, LIG3 alpha and PCNA, but did reduce DNA-binding ability. When expressed in HeLa cells, the XRCC1 variants-excluding E98K, which was largely nucleolar, and C389Y, which exhibited reduced expression-exhibited normal nuclear distribution. Most of the protein variants, including the V86R POL beta-interaction mutant, displayed normal relocalization kinetics to/from sites of laser-induced DNA damage: except for E98K and C389Y, and the polymorphic variant R280H, which exhibited a slightly shorter retention time at DNA breaks.
C1 [Berquist, Brian R.; Singh, Dharmendra Kumar; Bohr, Vilhelm A.; Wilson, David M., III] NIA, Lab Mol Gerontol, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA.
[Fan, Jinshui; Tomkinson, Alan E.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
[Kim, Daemyung] Cheongju Univ, Dept Genet Engn, Cheongju 360764, South Korea.
[Gillenwater, Elizabeth] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
[Kulkarni, Avanti] UCSF Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA.
[Ackerman, Eric J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Nanobiol, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA.
RP Wilson, DM (reprint author), NIA, Lab Mol Gerontol, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA.
EM wilsonda@mail.nih.gov
FU National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health; National
Institute on Aging [ES12512, CA92584]
FX Funding for open access charge: Intramural Research Program, National
Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health; National Institute on
Aging; (ES12512 and CA92584 to A. E. T.).
NR 56
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 5
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0305-1048
J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES
JI Nucleic Acids Res.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 38
IS 15
BP 5023
EP 5035
DI 10.1093/nar/gkq193
PG 13
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 644BR
UT WOS:000281345900019
PM 20385586
ER
PT J
AU Cao, Z
Kuhne, WW
Steeb, J
Merkley, MA
Zhou, YF
Janata, J
Dynan, WS
AF Cao, Zhen
Kuhne, Wendy W.
Steeb, Jennifer
Merkley, Mark A.
Zhou, Yunfeng
Janata, Jiri
Dynan, William S.
TI Use of a microscope stage-mounted Nickel-63 microirradiator for
real-time observation of the DNA double-strand break response
SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; MICROBEAM FACILITIES;
CELLULAR-RESPONSES; ELECTRON MICROBEAM; IRRADIATION; RADIATION;
CHROMATIN; 53BP1; DAMAGE
AB Eukaryotic cells begin to assemble discrete, nucleoplasmic repair foci within seconds after the onset of exposure to ionizing radiation. Real-time imaging of this assembly has the potential to further our understanding of the effects of medical and environmental radiation exposure. Here, we describe a microirradiation system for targeted delivery of ionizing radiation to individual cells without the need for specialized facilities. The system consists of a 25-micron diameter electroplated Nickel-63 electrode, enveloped in a glass capillary and mounted in a micromanipulator. Because of the low energy of the beta radiation and the minute total amount of isotope present on the tip, the device can be safely handled with minimum precautions. We demonstrate the use of this system for tracking assembly of individual repair foci in real time in live U2OS human osteosarcoma cells. Results indicate that there is a subset of foci that appear and disappear rapidly, before a plateau level is reached similar to 30 min post-exposure. This subset of foci would not have been evident without real-time observation. The development of a microirradiation system that is compatible with a standard biomedical laboratory expands the potential for real-time investigation of the biological effects of ionizing radiation.
C1 [Cao, Zhen; Kuhne, Wendy W.; Merkley, Mark A.; Dynan, William S.] Med Coll Georgia, Inst Mol Med & Genet, Augusta, GA 30912 USA.
[Cao, Zhen; Zhou, Yunfeng] Wuhan Univ, Dept Chemotherapy & Radiat Oncol, Zhongnan Hosp, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, Peoples R China.
[Kuhne, Wendy W.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA.
[Steeb, Jennifer; Janata, Jiri] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
RP Dynan, WS (reprint author), Med Coll Georgia, Inst Mol Med & Genet, Augusta, GA 30912 USA.
EM wdynan@mcg.edu
FU National Institutes of Health Roadmap for Biomedical Research (US Public
Health Service) [National Institutes of Health Roadmap for Biomedical
Research (US Public Health Service Award EY018244]; US Department of
Energy [DE-SC0002343]; National Institutes of Health [ES015663]; Georgia
Research Alliance (GRA)
FX National Institutes of Health Roadmap for Biomedical Research (US Public
Health Service Award EY018244); US Department of Energy Low Dose
Radiation Research Program (DE-SC0002343); National Institutes of Health
National Research Service Award (ES015663 to W. K.); Georgia Research
Alliance (GRA) Eminent Scholar Challenge Grant (to W. S. D. and J.J.).
Funding for open access charge: US Public Health Service.
NR 25
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 8
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0305-1048
J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES
JI Nucleic Acids Res.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 38
IS 14
AR e144
DI 10.1093/nar/gkq409
PG 8
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 638UM
UT WOS:000280922400001
PM 20484377
ER
PT J
AU Oh, J
Fung, E
Price, MN
Dehal, PS
Davis, RW
Giaever, G
Nislow, C
Arkin, AP
Deutschbauer, A
AF Oh, Julia
Fung, Eula
Price, Morgan N.
Dehal, Paramvir S.
Davis, Ronald W.
Giaever, Guri
Nislow, Corey
Arkin, Adam P.
Deutschbauer, Adam
TI A universal TagModule collection for parallel genetic analysis of
microorganisms
SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS MR-1; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE;
DELETION MUTANTS; GENOME; YEAST; IDENTIFICATION; MUTAGENESIS;
TRANSPOSON; BIOSYNTHESIS
AB Systems-level analyses of non-model microorganisms are limited by the existence of numerous uncharacterized genes and a corresponding over-reliance on automated computational annotations. One solution to this challenge is to disrupt gene function using DNA tag technology, which has been highly successful in parallelizing reverse genetics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and has led to discoveries in gene function, genetic interactions and drug mechanism of action. To extend the yeast DNA tag methodology to a wide variety of microorganisms and applications, we have created a universal, sequence-verified TagModule collection. A hallmark of the 4280 TagModules is that they are cloned into a Gateway entry vector, thus facilitating rapid transfer to any compatible genetic system. Here, we describe the application of the TagModules to rapidly generate tagged mutants by transposon mutagenesis in the metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. Our results demonstrate the optimal hybridization properties of the TagModule collection, the flexibility in applying the strategy to diverse microorganisms and the biological insights that can be gained from fitness profiling tagged mutant collections. The publicly available TagModule collection is a platform-independent resource for the functional genomics of a wide range of microbial systems in the post-genome era.
C1 [Price, Morgan N.; Dehal, Paramvir S.; Arkin, Adam P.; Deutschbauer, Adam] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Oh, Julia; Davis, Ronald W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA.
[Oh, Julia; Fung, Eula; Davis, Ronald W.] Stanford Genome Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
[Price, Morgan N.; Dehal, Paramvir S.; Arkin, Adam P.; Deutschbauer, Adam] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Virtual Inst Microbial Stress & Survival, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Giaever, Guri] Univ Toronto, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada.
[Nislow, Corey] Univ Toronto, Dept Mol Genet, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
RP Deutschbauer, A (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 977-152, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM corey.nislow@utoronto.ca; aparkin@lbl.gov; amdeutschbauer@lbl.gov
RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008
OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931
FU National Human Genome Research Institute [HG003317, R01 HG003317, T32
HG00044]; National Institutes of Health [P01 GH000205]; National
Institute of General Medical Sciences [F32GM080968]; Virtual Institute
for Microbial Stress and Survival; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research
[DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX The National Human Genome Research Institute (Grant Numbers HG003317 and
R01 HG003317 to C.N., G. G., and R. W. D.); Stanford Genome Training
Program (Grant Number T32 HG00044 from the National Human Genome
Research Institute to J.O.) and the National Institutes of Health (Grant
Number P01 GH000205 to J.O.); National Institutes of Health NRSA
postdoctoral fellowship (Grant Number F32GM080968 from the National
Institute of General Medical Sciences to A. D.); and Virtual Institute
for Microbial Stress and Survival (http://VIMSS.lbl.gov) supported by
the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological
and Environmental Research, Genomics Program: GTL through contract
DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the
U.S. Department of Energy. Funding for open access charge: Virtual
Institute for Microbial Stress and Survival (http://VIMSS.lbl.gov)
supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of
Biological and Environmental Research, Genomics Program: GTL through
contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
and the U.S. Department of Energy.
NR 42
TC 33
Z9 69
U1 0
U2 7
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0305-1048
J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES
JI Nucleic Acids Res.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 38
IS 14
AR e146
DI 10.1093/nar/gkq419
PG 14
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 638UM
UT WOS:000280922400003
PM 20494978
ER
PT J
AU Olson, LN
Schroder, J
Tuminaro, RS
AF Olson, Luke N.
Schroder, Jacob
Tuminaro, Raymond S.
TI A new perspective on strength measures in algebraic multigrid
SO NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE algebraic multigrid (AMG); smoothed aggregation (SA); algebraic
coarsening
ID SMOOTHED AGGREGATION
AB Algebraic-based multilevel solution methods (e.g. classical Ruge-Stuben and smoothed aggregation style algebraic multigrid) attempt to solve or precondition sparse linear systems without knowledge of an underlying geometric grid. The automatic construction of a multigrid hierarchy relies on strength-of connection information to coarsen the matrix graph and to determine sparsity patterns for the inter-grid transfer operators. Strength-of-connection as a general concept is not well understood and the first task of this paper is therefore on understanding existing strength-of-connection measures and their limitations. In particular, we present a framework to interpret and clarify existing measures through differential equations. This framework leads to a new procedure for making pointwise strength-of-connection decisions that combines knowledge of local algebraically smooth error and of the local behavior of interpolation. The new procedure effectively addresses a variety of challenges associated with strength-of-connection and when incorporated within an algebraic multigrid procedure gives rise to a robust and efficient solver. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Olson, Luke N.; Schroder, Jacob] Univ Illinois, Siebel Ctr Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Tuminaro, Raymond S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Schroder, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Siebel Ctr Comp Sci, 201 N Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
FU NSF [DMS-0612448]; Sandia Corporation [DE-AC04-94-AL85000]
FX Contract/grant sponsor: NSF; contract/grant number: DMS-0612448;
Contract/grant sponsor: Sandia Corporation; contract/grant number:
DE-AC04-94-AL85000
NR 15
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 1
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1070-5325
J9 NUMER LINEAR ALGEBR
JI Numer. Linear Algebr. Appl.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 17
IS 4
BP 713
EP 733
DI 10.1002/nla.669
PG 21
WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics
SC Mathematics
GA 632UH
UT WOS:000280453900007
ER
PT J
AU Yarnazaki, I
Li, XS
Ng, EG
AF Yarnazaki, I.
Li, X. S.
Ng, E. G.
TI Preconditioning Schur Complement Systems of Highly-Indefinite Linear
Systems for a Parallel Hybrid Solver
SO NUMERICAL MATHEMATICS-THEORY METHODS AND APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Preconditioning Techniques for Scientific
and Industrial Applications
CY AUG 24-26, 2009
CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA
DE Schur complement method; preconditioning; matrix preprocessing
ID MATRICES
AB A parallel hybrid linear solver based on the Schur complement method has the potential to balance the robustness of direct solvers with the efficiency of preconditioned iterative solvers. However, when solving large-scale highly-indefinite linear systems, this hybrid solver often suffers from either slow convergence or large memory requirements to solve the Schur complement systems. To overcome this challenge, we in this paper discuss techniques to preprocess the Schur complement systems in parallel. Numerical results of solving large-scale highly-indefinite linear systems from various applications demonstrate that these techniques improve the reliability and performance of the hybrid solver and enable efficient solutions of these linear systems on hundreds of processors, which was previously infeasible using existing state-of-the-art solvers.
C1 [Yarnazaki, I.; Li, X. S.; Ng, E. G.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA.
RP Yarnazaki, I (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA.
EM ic.yamazaki@gmail.com; XSLi@lbl.gov
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU GLOBAL SCIENCE PRESS
PI WANCHAI
PA ROOM 3208, CENTRAL PLAZA, 18 HARBOUR RD, WANCHAI, HONG KONG 00000,
PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1004-8979
J9 NUMER MATH-THEORY ME
JI Numer. Math.-Theory Methods Appl.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 3
IS 3
BP 352
EP 366
DI 10.4208/nmtma.2010.33.5
PG 15
WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics
SC Mathematics
GA 640KN
UT WOS:000281050200005
ER
PT J
AU Liao, ZM
Spaeth, ML
Manes, K
Adams, JJ
Carr, CW
AF Liao, Zhi M.
Spaeth, M. L.
Manes, K.
Adams, J. J.
Carr, C. W.
TI Predicting laser-induced bulk damage and conditioning for deuterated
potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals using an absorption distribution
model
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID NANOSECOND PULSES
AB We present an empirical model that describes the experimentally observed laser-induced bulk damage and conditioning behavior in deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) crystals. The model expands on an existing nanoabsorber precursor model and the multistep absorption mechanism to include two populations of absorbing defects, one with linear absorption and another with nonlinear absorption. We show that this model connects previously uncorrelated small-beam damage initiation probability data to large-beam damage density measurements over a range of nanosecond pulse widths. In addition, this work predicts the damage behavior of laser-conditioned DKDP. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Liao, Zhi M.; Spaeth, M. L.; Manes, K.; Adams, J. J.; Carr, C. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Liao, ZM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM liao2@llnl.gov
RI Carr, Chris/F-7163-2013; Liao, Zhi/G-3729-2013
FU United States Department of Energy (DOE) by Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; LLNL office of LDRD [LLNL-JRNL-423636]
FX The authors thank Paul J. Wegner for his helpful review of this
manuscript and the OSL crew for their dedication and high standards.
This work is performed under the auspices of the United States
Department of Energy (DOE) by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and funded through the LLNL office of
LDRD (LLNL-JRNL-423636).
NR 14
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 12
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 35
IS 15
BP 2538
EP 2540
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 640MW
UT WOS:000281056700013
PM 20680050
ER
PT J
AU Voronov, DL
Ahn, M
Anderson, EH
Cambie, R
Chang, CH
Gullikson, EM
Heilmann, RK
Salmassi, F
Schattenburg, ML
Warwick, T
Yashchuk, VV
Zipp, L
Padmore, HA
AF Voronov, Dmitriy L.
Ahn, Minseung
Anderson, Erik H.
Cambie, Rossana
Chang, Chih-Hao
Gullikson, Eric M.
Heilmann, Ralf K.
Salmassi, Farhad
Schattenburg, Mark L.
Warwick, Tony
Yashchuk, Valeriy V.
Zipp, Lucas
Padmore, Howard A.
TI High-efficiency 5000 lines/mm multilayer-coated blazed grating for
extreme ultraviolet wavelengths
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID FABRICATION
AB Volume x-ray gratings consisting of a multilayer coating deposited on a blazed substrate can diffract with very high efficiency, even in high orders if diffraction conditions in-plane (grating) and out-of-plane (Bragg multilayer) are met simultaneously. This remarkable property, however, depends critically on the ability to create a structure with near atomic perfection. In this Letter we report on a method to produce these structures. We report measurements that show, for a 5000 l/mm grating diffracting in the third order, a diffraction efficiency of 37.6% at a wavelength of 13.6 nm. This work now shows a direct route to achieving high diffraction efficiency in high order at wavelengths throughout the soft x-ray energy range. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Voronov, Dmitriy L.; Anderson, Erik H.; Cambie, Rossana; Gullikson, Eric M.; Salmassi, Farhad; Warwick, Tony; Yashchuk, Valeriy V.; Zipp, Lucas; Padmore, Howard A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Ahn, Minseung; Chang, Chih-Hao; Heilmann, Ralf K.; Schattenburg, Mark L.] MIT, Space Nanotechnol Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Voronov, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM dlvoronov@lbl.gov
RI Chang, Chih-Hao/E-9642-2011; Heilmann, Ralf/D-4680-2009
FU United States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Energy (DOE)
under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 13
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 12
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD AUG 1
PY 2010
VL 35
IS 15
BP 2615
EP 2617
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 640MW
UT WOS:000281056700039
PM 20680076
ER
PT J
AU Steirer, KX
Chesin, JP
Widjonarko, NE
Berry, JJ
Miedaner, A
Ginley, DS
Olson, DC
AF Steirer, K. Xerxes
Chesin, Jordan P.
Widjonarko, N. Edwin
Berry, Joseph J.
Miedaner, Alex
Ginley, David S.
Olson, Dana C.
TI Solution deposited NiO thin-films as hole transport layers in organic
photovoltaics
SO ORGANIC ELECTRONICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Hole transport layer; Nickel oxide; NiO; Organic solar cells; Anode
surface modifier; PEDOT:PSS
ID HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR-CELLS; EFFICIENCY; INTERFACE; OXIDE
AB Organic solar cells require suitable anode surface modifiers in order to selectively collect positive charge carriers and improve device performance. We employ a nickel metal organic ink precursor to fabricate NiO hole transport layers on indium tin oxide anodes. This solution deposited NiO annealed at 250 degrees C and plasma treated, achieves similar OPV device results reported with NiO films from PLD as well as PEDOT:PSS. We demonstrate a tunable work function by post-processing the NiO with an O(2)-plasma surface treatment of varied power and time. We find that plasma treatment is necessary for optimal device performance. Optimal devices utilizing a solution deposited NiO hole transport layer show lower series resistance and increased fill factor when compared to solar cells with PEDOT: PSS. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Steirer, K. Xerxes] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Appl Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Steirer, K. Xerxes; Widjonarko, N. Edwin; Berry, Joseph J.; Miedaner, Alex; Ginley, David S.; Olson, Dana C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Chesin, Jordan P.] Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
[Widjonarko, N. Edwin] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Steirer, KX (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Appl Phys, 1523 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM ksteirer@mines.edu; dana.olson@nrel.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences [DE-SC0001009, DE-SC0001084]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office
of Science's Science Undergraduate Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy
through the National Center for Photovoltaics [DOE-AC36-08GO28308];
Center for Interface Science: Solar-Electric Materials (CIS:SEM)
FX We received support for this work from: (1) Center for Energy Efficient
Materials, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
under Award No. DE-SC0001009, (2) the U.S. Department of Energy, Office
of Science's Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship Program, (3)
U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DOE-AC36-08GO28308 with the
National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE SETP program through the
National Center for Photovoltaics and (4) the Center for Interface
Science: Solar-Electric Materials (CIS:SEM), an Energy Frontier Research
Center Funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic
Sciences, under Award No. DE-SC0001084. K.X. Steirer is supported by
(1), Jordan P. Chesin was supported by (2) N. Edwin Widjonarko is
supported by (3) and (4), Alex Miedaner is supported by (3) and Joseph
J. Berry, David S. Ginley, and Dana C. Olson are supported by (1), (3),
and (4).
NR 19
TC 153
Z9 155
U1 11
U2 120
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1566-1199
J9 ORG ELECTRON
JI Org. Electron.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 11
IS 8
BP 1414
EP 1418
DI 10.1016/j.orgel.2010.05.008
PG 5
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA 629JV
UT WOS:000280194400013
ER
PT J
AU Brady, MP
Tortorelli, PF
More, KL
Walker, LR
AF Brady, M. P.
Tortorelli, P. F.
More, K. L.
Walker, L. R.
TI Sulfidation-Oxidation Behavior of FeCrAl and TiCrAl and the
Third-Element Effect
SO OXIDATION OF METALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Sulfidation; Oxidation; Third-element effect; Titanium aluminide;
Alumina
ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE CORROSION; AL-CR ALLOYS; COAL GASIFIER ATMOSPHERE;
ALUMINA SCALE FORMATION; TIAL-BASED ALLOYS; ISOTHERMAL OXIDATION; IRON
ALUMINIDES; AL2O3 SCALES; FE-AL; INTERMETALLICS
AB Short-term sulfidation-oxidation exposures were conducted under high pS(2) and low pO(2) conditions for TiCrAl and FeCrAl alloys at 600 and 800 A degrees C. Low mass gains and submicron Al-and Ti-rich oxide scales were formed on TiCrAl at 600 A degrees C, while high mass gains and FeS-based scale formation were observed for FeCrAl. Based on the good behavior of TiCrAl, third-element effect additions of Cr are not inherently detrimental under sulfidation-oxidation conditions. Rather, differences in the mechanistic action of the third-element addition of Cr between FeCrAl and TiCrAl alloys and its relevance to low oxygen potential sulfidation-oxidation environments were the key factors in determining whether or not a protective alumina scale was established.
C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Brady, MP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM bradymp@ornl.gov
RI Tortorelli, Peter/E-2433-2011; Brady, Michael/A-8122-2008; More,
Karren/A-8097-2016
OI Brady, Michael/0000-0003-1338-4747; More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097
FU U.S. Department of Energy's Fossil Energy Advanced Research Materials
Program; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX The authors thank I.G. Wright, T. Bessman, S. Dryepondt, and B.A. Pint
for reviewing this manuscript. Funding from the U.S. Department of
Energy's Fossil Energy Advanced Research Materials Program is gratefully
acknowledged. Research supported by ORNL's SHaRE User Facility, which is
sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic
Energy Sciences, the U.S. Department of Energy. ORNL is managed by
UT-Battelle, LLC for the US DOE under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.
Notice: This submission was sponsored by a contractor of the United
States Government under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the United
States Department of Energy. The United States Government retains, and
the publisher, by accepting this submission for publication,
acknowledges that the United States Government retains, a nonexclusive,
paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the
published form of this submission, or allow others to do so, for United
States Government purposes.
NR 40
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 5
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0030-770X
EI 1573-4889
J9 OXID MET
JI Oxid. Met.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 74
IS 1-2
BP 1
EP 9
DI 10.1007/s11085-010-9194-6
PG 9
WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 623CK
UT WOS:000279715000001
ER
PT J
AU Shin, M
Besser, LM
Siffel, C
Kucik, JE
Shaw, GM
Lu, CX
Correa, A
AF Shin, Mikyong
Besser, Lilah M.
Siffel, Csaba
Kucik, James E.
Shaw, Gary M.
Lu, Chengxing
Correa, Adolfo
CA Congenital Anomaly Multistate
TI Prevalence of Spina Bifida Among Children and Adolescents in 10 Regions
in the United States
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society
CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2008
CL Monterey, CA
SP Teratol Soc
DE spina bifida; prevalence; children; adolescents; epidemiology
ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; HOUSTON HARRIS-COUNTY;
HEALTH-CARE; BIRTH-DEFECTS; RISK-FACTORS; METROPOLITAN ATLANTA; HISPANIC
ORIGIN; POPULATION; IMPACT
AB OBJECTIVE: The goal was to estimate the number of children and adolescents, 0 to 19 years of age, living with spina bifida (SB) in the United States.
METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted by using population-based, birth defect surveillance data from 10 US regions, with vital status ascertainment. Birth defect surveillance data were obtained from Arkansas, Georgia (5 central counties of metropolitan Atlanta), California (11 counties), Colorado, Iowa, New York (New York City excluded), North Carolina, Oklahoma, Texas, and Utah. We estimated the numbers of children 0 to 19 years of age who were living with SB in the 10 US regions in 2002, according to age group, race/ethnicity, and gender, and examined a long-term trend in the prevalence of SB among children 0 to 11 years of age in 1991-2002.
RESULTS: The overall prevalence of SB among children and adolescents 0 to 19 years of age in the study regions was 3.1 cases per 10 000 in 2002. The prevalence of SB among children was lower among male and non-Hispanic black children.
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence estimates of SB among children and adolescents varied according to region, race/ethnicity, and gender, which suggests possible variations in prevalence at birth and/or inequities in survival rates. Additional studies are warranted to elucidate the reasons for these variations and to derive prevalence estimates of SB among adults. Pediatrics 2010;126:274-279
C1 [Shin, Mikyong; Besser, Lilah M.; Siffel, Csaba; Kucik, James E.; Lu, Chengxing; Correa, Adolfo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
[Shin, Mikyong; Lu, Chengxing] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
[Siffel, Csaba] Comp Sci Corp, Atlanta, GA USA.
[Shaw, Gary M.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatal & Dev Med, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
RP Shin, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM mshin@cdc.gov
NR 43
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 2
U2 4
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 126
IS 2
BP 274
EP 279
DI 10.1542/peds.2009-2084
PG 6
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 634FO
UT WOS:000280565700013
PM 20624803
ER
PT J
AU Anderson, J
Massaro, R
Lewis, L
Moyers, R
Wilkins, J
AF Anderson, J.
Massaro, R.
Lewis, L.
Moyers, R.
Wilkins, J.
TI Lidar-activated Phosphors and Infrared Retro-Reflectors: Emerging Target
Materials for Calibration and Control
SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Anderson, J.; Massaro, R.; Wilkins, J.] USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA.
[Lewis, L.; Moyers, R.] US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Labs, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA.
RP Anderson, J (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA.
EM john.anderson@usace.army.mil
NR 12
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA
SN 0099-1112
J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S
JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 76
IS 8
BP 877
EP 881
PG 5
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing;
Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 632QD
UT WOS:000280439800002
ER
PT J
AU Cunniffe, JP
McNally, DE
Liberati, M
Arenholz, E
McGuinness, C
McGilp, JF
AF Cunniffe, J. P.
McNally, D. E.
Liberati, M.
Arenholz, E.
McGuinness, C.
McGilp, J. F.
TI X-ray magnetic circular dichroism and reflection anisotropy spectroscopy
Kerr effect studies of capped magnetic nanowires
SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Conference on Optics of Surfaces and Interfaces
(OSI-VIII)
CY SEP 07-11, 2009
CL Ischia, ITALY
DE magnetic nanowires; reflection anisotropy spectroscopy; X-ray magnetic
circular dichroism
ID FILMS; CO; WIRES; FE; NI; AU
AB Aligned Co wires grown on Pt(997) under ultra-high vacuum conditions have been capped successfully by the epitaxial growth of Au monolayers (ML) at room temperature. The samples were kept under vacuum except when transferring between apparatus or when making some of the measurements. No degradation of the Co wires was detected during the measurements. The magneto-optic response of the system was measured using X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the Co L-2,L-3 edge and reflection anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) at near normal incidence, which is sensitive to the normal component of the out-of-plane magnetization via the Kerr effect (MOKE). Capping the wires significantly impacts their magnetic properties. Comparison of the magneto-optic response of the system at X-ray and optical energies reveals small differences that are attributed to the induced moment in the Pt substrate and Au capping layer not picked up by the element specific XMCD measurements. The sensitivity of RAS-MOKE is sufficient to allow the determination of the easy axis direction of the capped wires to within a few degrees. The results for a 6-atom-wide Co wire sample, capped with 6 ML of Au, are consistent with the capped wires possessing perpendicular magnetization. (C) 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
C1 [Cunniffe, J. P.; McNally, D. E.; McGuinness, C.; McGilp, J. F.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland.
[Liberati, M.; Arenholz, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP McGilp, JF (reprint author), Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland.
EM jmcgilp@tcd.ie
RI Gastelois, Pedro/F-3891-2012; McGuinness, Cormac/C-6808-2008;
OI McGuinness, Cormac/0000-0002-3095-330X; McGilp, John/0000-0002-5707-2182
NR 23
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 6
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 0370-1972
J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B
JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 247
IS 8
BP 2108
EP 2112
DI 10.1002/pssb.200983922
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 640ZJ
UT WOS:000281092600046
ER
PT J
AU Nikolenko, DM
Arenhovel, H
Arrington, J
Barkov, LM
Belostotski, SL
de Vries, H
Gilman, R
Gramolin, AV
Dmitriev, VF
Zevakov, SA
Karnakov, IV
Lazarenko, BA
Mishnev, SI
Muchnoi, NY
Nelyubin, VV
Osipov, AV
Potterveld, DH
Rachek, IA
Sadykov, RS
Stibunov, VN
Toporkov, DK
Holt, RJ
Shestakov, YV
Shekhtman, LI
AF Nikolenko, D. M.
Arenhoevel, H.
Arrington, J.
Barkov, L. M.
Belostotski, S. L.
de Vries, H.
Gilman, R.
Gramolin, A. V.
Dmitriev, V. F.
Zevakov, S. A.
Karnakov, I. V.
Lazarenko, B. A.
Mishnev, S. I.
Muchnoi, N. Yu
Nelyubin, V. V.
Osipov, A. V.
Potterveld, D. H.
Rachek, I. A.
Sadykov, R. Sh
Stibunov, V. N.
Toporkov, D. K.
Holt, R. J.
Shestakov, Yu V.
Shekhtman, L. I.
TI Experiments with internal targets at the VEPP-3 electron storage ring
SO PHYSICS OF ATOMIC NUCLEI
LA English
DT Article
ID DEUTERON ELASTIC-SCATTERING; ANALYZING POWER COMPONENTS; TENSOR
ANALYZING POWERS; HIGH PROTON MOMENTA; POLARIZATION OBSERVABLES;
PION-PHOTOPRODUCTION; ETA PHOTOPRODUCTION; FORM-FACTORS;
PHOTODISINTEGRATION; COHERENT
AB An overview of the recently completed, current, and planned experiments with internal targets at the VEPP-3 electron-positron storage ring in Novosibirsk is given. The results of the experiment to separately measure the deuteron form factors in elastic ed scattering in the range of momentum transfer Q (2) = 8-15 fm(-2) are provided. The results of measuring the tensor analyzing power components of the tensor-polarized deuteron photodisintegration reaction in the range of gamma-quantum energies E (gamma) = 25-600 MeV are presented. The tensor analyzing powers of the coherent photoproduction of a neutral pion on a tensor-polarized deuteron have been measured for the first time. The almost-real photon tagging system being created is discussed. The status of the experiment under way to determine the contribution of two-photon exchange to the elastic ep scattering cross section is described.
C1 [Nikolenko, D. M.; Barkov, L. M.; Gramolin, A. V.; Dmitriev, V. F.; Zevakov, S. A.; Karnakov, I. V.; Lazarenko, B. A.; Mishnev, S. I.; Muchnoi, N. Yu; Rachek, I. A.; Sadykov, R. Sh; Toporkov, D. K.; Shestakov, Yu V.; Shekhtman, L. I.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
[Arenhoevel, H.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Kernphys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
[Arrington, J.; Potterveld, D. H.; Holt, R. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Belostotski, S. L.; Nelyubin, V. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia.
[de Vries, H.] NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands.
[Gilman, R.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA.
[Nelyubin, V. V.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA.
[Osipov, A. V.; Stibunov, V. N.] Tomsk Polytech Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
RP Nikolenko, DM (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Pr Akad Lavrenteva 11, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
EM D.M.Nikolenko@inp.nsk.su
RI Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011; Gramolin, Alexander/C-1218-2011; Arrington,
John/D-1116-2012; Dmitriev, Vladimir/G-3213-2013; Muchnoi,
Nickolai/N-3611-2015
OI Gramolin, Alexander/0000-0001-5436-7375; Arrington,
John/0000-0002-0702-1328; Muchnoi, Nickolai/0000-0003-2936-0029
FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [01-02-16929-a, 04-02-16434-a,
05-02-17688-a, 08-02-00624-a, 08-02-01155-a]; Federal Agency for Science
and Innovations [02.740.11.0245.1]; Federal Agency for Education [P522];
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX This work was supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic
Research (project nos. 01-02-16929-a, 04-02-16434-a, 05-02-17688-a,
08-02-00624-a, and 08-02-01155-a), the Federal Agency for Science and
Innovations (under the Contract no. 02.740.11.0245.1), the Federal
Agency for Education in the context of the "Scientific and
Scientific-Educational Personnel of Innovational Russia" Federal
Goal-Oriented Program for 2009-2013 (under the State Contract no. P522),
and the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics (under the
Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357).
NR 57
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 3
PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA
SN 1063-7788
J9 PHYS ATOM NUCL+
JI Phys. Atom. Nuclei
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 73
IS 8
BP 1322
EP 1338
DI 10.1134/S1063778810080065
PG 17
WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA 640MG
UT WOS:000281055100005
ER
PT J
AU Bell, RE
Andre, R
Kaye, SM
Kolesnikov, RA
LeBlanc, BP
Rewoldt, G
Wang, WX
Sabbagh, SA
AF Bell, R. E.
Andre, R.
Kaye, S. M.
Kolesnikov, R. A.
LeBlanc, B. P.
Rewoldt, G.
Wang, W. X.
Sabbagh, S. A.
TI Comparison of poloidal velocity measurements to neoclassical theory on
the National Spherical Torus Experiment(a))
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article
ID EXCHANGE RECOMBINATION SPECTROSCOPY; SPLINE FUNCTIONS; TOKAMAK PLASMA;
TRANSPORT; ROTATION; SPECTRA; HYDROGEN; NSTX
AB Knowledge of poloidal velocity is necessary for the determination of the radial electric field, which along with its gradient is linked to turbulence suppression and transport barrier formation. Recent measurements of poloidal flow on conventional tokamaks have been reported to be an order of magnitude larger than expected from neoclassical theory. In contrast, poloidal velocity measurements on the NSTX spherical torus [Kaye et al., Phys. Plasmas 8, 1977 (2001)] are near or below neoclassical estimates. A novel charge exchange recombination spectroscopy diagnostic is used, which features active and passive sets of up/down symmetric views to produce line-integrated poloidal velocity measurements that do not need atomic physics corrections. Inversions are used to extract local profiles from line-integrated active and background measurements. Poloidal velocity measurements are compared with neoclassical values computed with the codes NCLASS [Houlberg et al., Phys. Plasmas 4, 3230 (1997)] and GTC-NEO [Wang et al., Phys. Plasmas 13, 082501 (2006)]. c 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3478571]
C1 [Bell, R. E.; Andre, R.; Kaye, S. M.; Kolesnikov, R. A.; LeBlanc, B. P.; Rewoldt, G.; Wang, W. X.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
[Sabbagh, S. A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA.
RP Bell, RE (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
EM rbell@pppl.gov
RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-09CH11466]
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract
No. DE-AC02-09CH11466.
NR 29
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 17
IS 8
AR 082507
DI 10.1063/1.3478571
PG 12
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 651EA
UT WOS:000281906300036
ER
PT J
AU Benisti, D
Morice, O
Gremillet, L
Siminos, E
Strozzi, DJ
AF Benisti, Didier
Morice, Olivier
Gremillet, Laurent
Siminos, Evangelos
Strozzi, David J.
TI Nonlinear group velocity of an electron plasma wave
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; RAMAN-SCATTERING; VLASOV
CODE; ACCELERATION; DYNAMICS
AB The nonlinear group velocity of an electron plasma wave is investigated numerically using a Vlasov code, and is found to assume values which agree very well with those predicted by a recently published theory [D. Benisti et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 155002 (2009)], which we further detail here. In particular we show that, once Landau damping has been substantially reduced due to trapping, the group velocity of an electron plasma wave is not the derivative of its frequency with respect to its wave number. This result is moreover discussed physically, together with its implications in the saturation of stimulated Raman scattering. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3464467]
C1 [Benisti, Didier; Morice, Olivier; Gremillet, Laurent; Siminos, Evangelos] CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France.
[Strozzi, David J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, AX Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Benisti, D (reprint author), CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France.
EM didier.benisti@cea.fr
RI Siminos, Evangelos/G-2506-2010;
OI Siminos, Evangelos/0000-0002-1484-0559; Strozzi,
David/0000-0001-8814-3791
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
FX One of the authors (D.B.) wants to thank Professor A. Bers for the
reference to Whitham's book. Work at LLNL was performed under the
auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No.
DE-AC52-07NA27344, LDRD tracking number 08-ERD-017.
NR 25
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 17
IS 8
AR 082301
DI 10.1063/1.3464467
PG 11
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 651EA
UT WOS:000281906300013
ER
PT J
AU Berkery, JW
Sabbagh, SA
Reimerdes, H
Betti, R
Hu, B
Bell, RE
Gerhardt, SP
Manickam, J
Podesta, M
AF Berkery, J. W.
Sabbagh, S. A.
Reimerdes, H.
Betti, R.
Hu, B.
Bell, R. E.
Gerhardt, S. P.
Manickam, J.
Podesta, M.
TI The role of kinetic effects, including plasma rotation and energetic
particles, in resistive wall mode stability(a))
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-BETA; DIII-D; STABILIZATION; NSTX; TOKAMAKS; PHYSICS
AB The resistive wall mode (RWM) instability in high-beta tokamaks is stabilized by energy dissipation mechanisms that depend on plasma rotation and kinetic effects. Kinetic modification of ideal stability calculated with the "MISK" code [B. Hu et al., Phys. Plasmas 12, 057301 (2005)] is outlined. For an advanced scenario ITER [R. Aymar et al., Nucl. Fusion 41, 1301 (2001)] plasma, the present calculation finds that alpha particles are required for RWM stability at presently expected levels of plasma rotation. Kinetic stabilization theory is tested in an experiment in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) [M. Ono et al., Nucl. Fusion 40, 557 (2000)] that produced marginally stable plasmas with various energetic particle contents. Plasmas with the highest and lowest energetic particle content agree with calculations predicting that increased energetic particle pressure is stabilizing but does not alter the nonmonotonic dependence of stability on plasma rotation due to thermal particle resonances. Presently, the full MISK model, including thermal particles and an isotropic slowing-down distribution function for energetic particles, overpredicts stability in NSTX experiments. Minor alteration of either effect in the theory may yield agreement; several possibilities are discussed. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3474925]
C1 [Berkery, J. W.; Sabbagh, S. A.; Reimerdes, H.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Betti, R.; Hu, B.; Bell, R. E.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA.
[Gerhardt, S. P.; Manickam, J.; Podesta, M.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
RP Berkery, JW (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA.
EM jberkery@pppl.gov
RI Berkery, John/B-7930-2011; Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-99ER54524, DE-FG02-93ER54215,
DE-AC02-09CH11466]
FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under
Contract Nos. DE-FG02-99ER54524, DE-FG02-93ER54215, and
DE-AC02-09CH11466.
NR 39
TC 61
Z9 61
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 17
IS 8
AR 082504
DI 10.1063/1.3474925
PG 11
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 651EA
UT WOS:000281906300033
ER
PT J
AU Bonfiglio, D
Chacon, L
Cappello, S
AF Bonfiglio, D.
Chacon, L.
Cappello, S.
TI Nonlinear three-dimensional verification of the SPECYL and PIXIE3D
magnetohydrodynamics codes for fusion plasmas
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article
ID REVERSED-FIELD-PINCH; DENSITY PERTURBATIONS; SINGLE-HELICITY; HARTMANN
NUMBER; SCALING LAWS; TOKAMAK; MHD; INSTABILITIES; FLUCTUATIONS;
RECONNECTION
AB With the increasing impact of scientific discovery via advanced computation, there is presently a strong emphasis on ensuring the mathematical correctness of computational simulation tools. Such endeavor, termed verification, is now at the center of most serious code development efforts. In this study, we address a cross-benchmark nonlinear verification study between two three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics (3D MHD) codes for fluid modeling of fusion plasmas, SPECYL [S. Cappello and D. Biskamp, Nucl. Fusion 36, 571 (1996)] and PIXIE3D [L. Chacon, Phys. Plasmas 15, 056103 (2008)], in their common limit of application: the simple viscoresistive cylindrical approximation. SPECYL is a serial code in cylindrical geometry that features a spectral formulation in space and a semi-implicit temporal advance, and has been used extensively to date for reversed-field pinch studies. PIXIE3D is a massively parallel code in arbitrary curvilinear geometry that features a conservative, solenoidal finite-volume discretization in space, and a fully implicit temporal advance. The present study is, in our view, a first mandatory step in assessing the potential of any numerical 3D MHD code for fluid modeling of fusion plasmas. Excellent agreement is demonstrated over a wide range of parameters for several fusion-relevant cases in both two-and three-dimensional geometries. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3462908]
C1 [Bonfiglio, D.; Cappello, S.] Assoc Euratom ENEA Fus, Consorzio RFX, I-35127 Padua, Italy.
[Chacon, L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA.
RP Bonfiglio, D (reprint author), Assoc Euratom ENEA Fus, Consorzio RFX, I-35127 Padua, Italy.
RI Bonfiglio, Daniele/I-9398-2012; Cappello, Susanna/H-9968-2013
OI Bonfiglio, Daniele/0000-0003-2638-317X; Cappello,
Susanna/0000-0002-2022-1113
NR 59
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 17
IS 8
AR 082501
DI 10.1063/1.3462908
PG 16
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 651EA
UT WOS:000281906300030
ER
PT J
AU Chung, M
Qin, H
Davidson, RC
AF Chung, Moses
Qin, Hong
Davidson, Ronald C.
TI Twiss parameters and beam matrix formulation of generalized
Courant-Snyder theory for coupled transverse beam dynamics
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article
ID MOTION
AB Courant-Snyder (CS) theory for one degree of freedom has recently been generalized by Qin and Davidson to the case of coupled transverse dynamics with two degrees of freedom. The generalized theory has four basic components of the original CS theory, i.e., the envelope equation, phase advance, transfer matrix, and the CS invariant, all of which have their counterparts in the original CS theory with remarkably similar expressions and physical meanings. In this brief communication, we further extend this remarkable similarity between the original and generalized CS theories and construct the Twiss parameters and beam matrix in generalized forms for the case of a strong coupling system. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3474930]
C1 [Chung, Moses] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Accelerator Phys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
[Qin, Hong; Davidson, Ronald C.] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
RP Chung, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Accelerator Phys Ctr, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359]
FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (Contract
No. DE-AC02-07CH11359).
NR 26
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 17
IS 8
AR 084502
DI 10.1063/1.3474930
PG 4
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 651EA
UT WOS:000281906300076
ER
PT J
AU Fournier, KB
May, MJ
Colvin, JD
Kane, JO
Schneider, M
Dewald, E
Thomas, CA
Compton, S
Marrs, RE
Moody, J
Bond, E
Michel, P
Fisher, JH
Newlander, CD
Davis, JF
AF Fournier, K. B.
May, M. J.
Colvin, J. D.
Kane, J. O.
Schneider, M.
Dewald, E.
Thomas, C. A.
Compton, S.
Marrs, R. E.
Moody, J.
Bond, E.
Michel, P.
Fisher, J. H.
Newlander, C. D.
Davis, J. F.
TI Multi-keV x-ray source development experiments on the National Ignition
Facility
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article
ID CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; OMEGA LASER; SYSTEM; IONIZATION; TARGETS
AB We report results from a five shot campaign carried out with Ar-Xe gas-filled targets at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The targets were shot with approximate to 350 kJ of 3 omega laser energy delivered with a 5 ns trapezoidal laser pulse. We report measured x-ray output from the target in different spectral bands both below and above 1.5 keV photon energies: We find yields of approximate to 20.5 kJ/sr with peak x-ray power approaching 4 TW/sr over all energies, as measured for the unique viewing angle of our detector, and approximate to 3.6 kJ/sr with peak x-ray power of 1 TW/sr for x-rays with energies >3 keV. This is a laser-to-x-ray conversion efficiency of 13 +/- 1.3% for isotropic x-rays with energies >3 keV. Laser energy reflected by the target plasma for both inner and outer-cone beams is measured and found to be small, between 1% and 4% of the drive energy. The energy emitted in hard x-rays (with energies >25 keV) is measured and found to be approximate to 1 J/sr. Two-dimensional imaging of the target plasma during the laser pulse confirms a fast, volumetric heating of the entire target, resulting in efficient laser-to-x-ray conversion. Postshot simulations with a two-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamics code reproduce well the observed x-ray flux and fluence, backscattered light, and bulk target motion. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3458904]
C1 [Fournier, K. B.; May, M. J.; Colvin, J. D.; Kane, J. O.; Schneider, M.; Dewald, E.; Thomas, C. A.; Compton, S.; Marrs, R. E.; Moody, J.; Bond, E.; Michel, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
[Davis, J. F.] Alme & Associates, Alexandria, VA 22307 USA.
[Fisher, J. H.; Newlander, C. D.] Gray Res Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA.
[Davis, J. F.] Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA.
RP Fournier, KB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
EM fournier2@llnl.gov; may13@llnl.gov; colvin5@llnl.gov;
jfisher@gray-research.com; cdavidnewlander@yahoo.com;
john.davis_contractor@dtra.mil
RI Michel, Pierre/J-9947-2012;
OI Bond, Essex/0000-0003-4852-6100
FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
[DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [IACRO 09-45501]
FX The authors would like to thank the entire NIF operations staff for
their tireless and exemplary support of these experiments. Certain
individuals, including Glenn Heestand, Chris Haynam, Bill Gourdin,
Russell Wallace, Tom Parham, Sandra Brereton, John Celeste, and Leon
Berzins made crucial contributions without which these shots never would
have happened. This work performed under the auspices of the U.S.
Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under
Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. This work was also supported by the
Defense Threat Reduction Agency under the IACRO 09-45501 "Evaluation of
Lasers for X-Ray Production on NIF."
NR 46
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 2
U2 16
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 17
IS 8
AR 082701
DI 10.1063/1.3458904
PG 13
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 651EA
UT WOS:000281906300042
ER
PT J
AU He, HD
Dong, JQ
Fu, GY
Zheng, GY
Sheng, ZM
Long, YX
He, ZX
Jiang, HB
Shen, Y
Wang, LF
AF He, H. D.
Dong, J. Q.
Fu, G. Y.
Zheng, G. Y.
Sheng, Z. M.
Long, Y. X.
He, Z. X.
Jiang, H. B.
Shen, Y.
Wang, L. F.
TI Second stable regime of internal kink modes excited by barely passing
energetic ions in tokamak plasmas
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC MODES; TRAPPED-PARTICLES; HIGH-BETA; STABILIZATION;
INSTABILITY; DRIVEN
AB The internal kink (fishbone) modes, driven by barely passing energetic ions (EIs), are numerically studied with the spatial distribution of the EIs taking into account. It is found that the modes with frequencies comparable to the toroidal precession frequencies are excited by resonant interaction with the EIs. Positive and negative density gradient dominating cases, corresponding to off- and near-axis depositions of neutral beam injection (NBI), respectively, are analyzed in detail. The most interesting and important feature of the modes is that there exists a second stable regime in higher beta(h) (= pressure of EIs/toroidal magnetic pressure) range, and the modes may only be excited by the barely passing EIs in a region of beta(th1) < beta(h) < beta(th2) (beta(th) is threshold or critical beta of EIs). Besides, the unstable modes require minimum density gradients and minimum radial positions of NBI deposition. The physics mechanism for the existence of the second stable regime is discussed. The results may provide a means of reducing or even preventing the loss of NBI energetic ions and increasing the heating efficiency by adjusting the pitch angle and driving the system into the second stable regime fast enough. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3463113]
C1 [He, H. D.; Dong, J. Q.; Zheng, G. Y.; Long, Y. X.; He, Z. X.; Jiang, H. B.; Shen, Y.; Wang, L. F.] SW Inst Phys, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
[Dong, J. Q.; Sheng, Z. M.] Zhejiang Univ, Inst Fus Theory & Simulat, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
[Fu, G. Y.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
RP He, HD (reprint author), SW Inst Phys, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
FU National Basic Research Program of China [2008CB717806]; ITER Project in
China [2009GB105005]; JSPS-CAS
FX This work is supported by National Basic Research Program of China under
Grant No. 2008CB717806 and ITER Project in China under Grant No.
2009GB105005, and also partly supported by the JSPS-CAS Core-University
Program in the field of Plasma and Nuclear Fusion.
NR 15
TC 5
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 17
IS 8
AR 082512
DI 10.1063/1.3463113
PG 7
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 651EA
UT WOS:000281906300041
ER
PT J
AU Strauss, HR
Paccagnella, R
Breslau, J
AF Strauss, H. R.
Paccagnella, R.
Breslau, J.
TI Wall forces produced during ITER disruptions
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article
ID HALO CURRENTS; TOKAMAKS; PLASMA; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; SIMULATION;
MECHANISM; SCHEMES; JET
AB Nonlinear simulations with the M3D code [W. Park et al., Phys. Plasmas 6, 1796 (1999)] are performed of disruptions produced by large scale magnetohydrodynamic instabilities. The toroidally asymmetric wall forces produced during a disruption are calculated in an ITER [T. Hender et al., Nucl. Fusion 47, S128 (2007)] model. The disruption is produced by a vertical displacement event and a kink mode. Expressions are derived for the wall force, including the sideways force, using a thin conducting wall model. The scaling of wall force with gamma tau(w) is obtained, where gamma is the kink growth rate and tau(w) is the wall penetration time. The largest force occurs with gamma tau(w) approximate to 1. A theory is developed of the wall force produced by kink modes. The theory is in qualitative agreement with the simulations and Joint European Torus [V. Riccardo et al., Nucl. Fusion 49, 055012 (2009)] experiments. In particular, the theory and simulations give dependence of the sideways on gamma tau(w), correlation of sideways force with sideways plasma displacement, and correlation of toroidally varying plasma current with toroidally varying vertical displacement. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3474922]
C1 [Strauss, H. R.] HRS Fus, W Orange, NJ 07052 USA.
[Paccagnella, R.] CNR, Ist Gas Ionizzati, Consorzio RFX, I-35127 Padua, Italy.
[Breslau, J.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08570 USA.
RP Strauss, HR (reprint author), HRS Fus, W Orange, NJ 07052 USA.
EM strauss@cims.nyu.edu
FU US DOE [DE-FC02-09-ER55009, DE-AC02-76CH03073]; EFDA [EFDA/05-1335]
FX This work was supported by US DOE Grant No. DE-FC02-09-ER55009 (H.S.),
US DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-76CH03073 (J.B.), and EFDA Contract No.
EFDA/05-1335 (R.P.)
NR 21
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 1
U2 13
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 17
IS 8
AR 082505
DI 10.1063/1.3474922
PG 9
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 651EA
UT WOS:000281906300034
ER
PT J
AU Wallace, GM
Parker, RR
Bonoli, PT
Hubbard, AE
Hughes, JW
LaBombard, BL
Meneghini, O
Schmidt, AE
Shiraiwa, S
Whyte, DG
Wright, JC
Wukitch, SJ
Harvey, RW
Smirnov, AP
Wilson, JR
AF Wallace, G. M.
Parker, R. R.
Bonoli, P. T.
Hubbard, A. E.
Hughes, J. W.
LaBombard, B. L.
Meneghini, O.
Schmidt, A. E.
Shiraiwa, S.
Whyte, D. G.
Wright, J. C.
Wukitch, S. J.
Harvey, R. W.
Smirnov, A. P.
Wilson, J. R.
TI Absorption of lower hybrid waves in the scrape off layer of a diverted
tokamak
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article
ID ALCATOR-C-MOD; CURRENT-DRIVE; PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES; FREQUENCY;
PLASMAS; DENSITIES
AB The goal of the Lower Hybrid Current Drive (LHCD) system on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak [Hutchinson et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994)] is to investigate current profile control under plasma conditions relevant to future tokamak experiments. Experimental observations of a LHCD "density limit" for C-Mod are presented in this paper. Bremsstrahlung emission from relativistic fast electrons in the core plasma drops suddenly above line averaged densities of 10(20) m(-3) (omega/omega(LH) similar to 3-4), well below the density limit previously observed on other experiments (omega/omega(LH) similar to 2). Electric currents flowing through the scrape off layer (SOL) between the inner and outer divertors increase dramatically across the same density range that the core bremsstrahlung emission drops precipitously. These experimental x-ray data are compared to both conventional modeling, which gives poor agreement with experiment above the density limit and a model including collisional absorption in the SOL, which dramatically improves agreement with experiment above the observed density limit. These results show that strong absorption of LH waves in the SOL is possible on a high density tokamak and the SOL must be included in simulations of LHCD at high density. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3465662]
C1 [Wallace, G. M.; Parker, R. R.; Bonoli, P. T.; Hubbard, A. E.; Hughes, J. W.; LaBombard, B. L.; Meneghini, O.; Schmidt, A. E.; Shiraiwa, S.; Whyte, D. G.; Wright, J. C.; Wukitch, S. J.] MIT Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Harvey, R. W.; Smirnov, A. P.] CompX, Del Mar, CA 92014 USA.
[Wilson, J. R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
RP Wallace, GM (reprint author), MIT Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RI Smirnov, Alexander /A-4886-2014
FU US DOE [DE-FC02-99ER54512, DE-AC02-76CH03073]
FX This work supported by US DOE Award Nos. DE-FC02-99ER54512 and
DE-AC02-76CH03073.
NR 37
TC 73
Z9 74
U1 3
U2 16
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 17
IS 8
AR 082508
DI 10.1063/1.3465662
PG 11
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 651EA
UT WOS:000281906300037
ER
PT J
AU Wang, L
Hahm, TS
AF Wang, Lu
Hahm, T. S.
TI Nonlinear gyrokinetic theory with polarization drift
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article
ID GUIDING CENTER MOTION; PARTICLE SIMULATION; ZONAL FLOWS; EQUATIONS;
TRANSPORT; PLASMA; WAVES
AB A set of the electrostatic toroidal gyrokinetic Vlasov equation and the Poisson equation, which explicitly includes the polarization drift, is derived systematically by using Lie-transform perturbation method. The polarization drift is introduced in the gyrocenter equations of motion, and the corresponding polarization density is derived. Contrary to the widespread expectation, the inclusion of the polarization drift in the gyrocenter equations of motion does not affect the expression for the polarization density significantly. This is due to modification of the gyrocenter phase-space volume caused by the electrostatic potential [T. S. Hahm, Phys. Plasmas 3, 4658 (1996)]. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3467498]
C1 [Wang, Lu] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
[Wang, Lu] Peking Univ, State Key Lab Nucl Phys & Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
[Wang, Lu; Hahm, T. S.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
RP Wang, L (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
RI Wang, Lu/F-1875-2010
FU China Scholarship Council [2007100244]; U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-09-CH11466]; NSFC [10675007, 10935001]; U.S. DOE SciDAC-FSP
Center for Plasma Edge Simulation; U.S. DOE SciDAC center for
Gyrokinetic Particle Simulation of Turbulent Transport in Burning
Plasmas
FX The first author's visiting stay to conduct her research at Princeton
Plasma Physics Laboratory was funded by China Scholarship Council, File
No. 2007100244 and the U.S. Department of Energy Contract No.
DE-AC02-09-CH11466. This work was also supported by the U.S. Department
of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-09-CH11466 (T. S. H. and L. W.), NSFC
Grant Nos. 10675007 and 10935001 (L. W.), the U.S. DOE SciDAC-FSP Center
for Plasma Edge Simulation, and the U.S. DOE SciDAC center for
Gyrokinetic Particle Simulation of Turbulent Transport in Burning
Plasmas (TSH).
NR 28
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 17
IS 8
AR 082304
DI 10.1063/1.3467498
PG 8
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 651EA
UT WOS:000281906300016
ER
PT J
AU Westover, B
MacPhee, A
Chen, C
Hey, D
Ma, T
Maddox, B
Park, HS
Remington, B
Beg, FN
AF Westover, B.
MacPhee, A.
Chen, C.
Hey, D.
Ma, T.
Maddox, B.
Park, H. -S.
Remington, B.
Beg, F. N.
TI Study of silver K alpha and bremsstrahlung radiation from short-pulse
laser-matter interactions with applications for x-ray radiography
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRON; TARGETS; PHOTON
AB Measurements of K alpha radiation yield and x-ray bremsstrahlung emission from thin-foil silver targets are presented. The targets were irradiated by a short pulse laser with intensities from 5 X 10(16) to 10(18) W/cm(2) at 40 ps. Single hit charge-coupled device detectors, differential filter-stack detectors, and a crystal spectrometer were used to investigate the angular distribution of the K alpha and bremsstrahlung x-rays. This study is the first to use a broadband detector to estimate the absolute numbers of K alpha photons and to determine K alpha to bremsstrahlung ratios. The relevance of this work in the context of x-ray diffraction and x-ray radiography is discussed. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3473822]
C1 [Westover, B.; Ma, T.; Beg, F. N.] Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92093 USA.
[MacPhee, A.; Chen, C.; Hey, D.; Ma, T.; Maddox, B.; Park, H. -S.; Remington, B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Beg, FN (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92093 USA.
EM fbeg@ucsd.edu
RI Ma, Tammy/F-3133-2013
OI Ma, Tammy/0000-0002-6657-9604
FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
[DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-CONF-403625]; Fusion Science Center, DOE
[DE-FC02-ER54789]
FX This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy
by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract Nos.
DE-AC52-07NA27344 and LLNL-CONF-403625. F.N.B. and B.W. were partially
supported by the Fusion Science Center grant DOE Grant No.
DE-FC02-ER54789 (Fusion Science Center)
NR 14
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 17
IS 8
AR 082703
DI 10.1063/1.3473822
PG 5
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 651EA
UT WOS:000281906300044
ER
PT J
AU Peshkin, M
AF Peshkin, Murray
TI Aptly named Aharonov-Bohm effect has classical analogue, long history
SO PHYSICS TODAY
LA English
DT Letter
ID FIELDS
C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Peshkin, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM peshkin@anl.gov
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0031-9228
J9 PHYS TODAY
JI Phys. Today
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 63
IS 8
BP 8
EP +
PG 2
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 638MM
UT WOS:000280899000002
ER
PT J
AU Larmat, CS
Guyer, RA
Johnson, PA
AF Larmat, Carene S.
Guyer, Robert A.
Johnson, Paul A.
TI Time-reversal methods in geophysics
SO PHYSICS TODAY
LA English
DT Article
ID VIRTUAL SOURCE METHOD; EPISODIC TREMOR; EARTHQUAKES; SUBDUCTION;
ACOUSTICS; JAPAN; SLIP
C1 [Larmat, Carene S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Guyer, Robert A.] Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA USA.
[Guyer, Robert A.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
RP Larmat, CS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RI Larmat, Carene/B-4686-2011
FU Los Alamos National Laboratory
FX This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and
Development program at Los Alamos National Laboratory.
NR 20
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 2
U2 14
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0031-9228
J9 PHYS TODAY
JI Phys. Today
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 63
IS 8
BP 31
EP 35
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 638MM
UT WOS:000280899000015
ER
PT J
AU Crease, RP
AF Crease, Robert P.
TI Critical Point Discovery with statistics
SO PHYSICS WORLD
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Crease, Robert P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Crease, Robert P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Crease, RP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8585
J9 PHYS WORLD
JI Phys. World
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 8
BP 19
EP 19
PG 1
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 636KC
UT WOS:000280731200023
ER
PT J
AU Gatti, DM
Zhao, N
Chesler, EJ
Bradford, BU
Shabalin, AA
Yordanova, R
Lu, L
Rusyn, I
AF Gatti, Daniel M.
Zhao, Ni
Chesler, Elissa J.
Bradford, Blair U.
Shabalin, Andrey A.
Yordanova, Roumyana
Lu, Lu
Rusyn, Ivan
TI Sex-specific gene expression in the BXD mouse liver
SO PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE BXD recombinant inbred mouse; microarray; gene expression quantitative;
trait locus; genetical genomics
ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS;
ALCOHOL METABOLISM; GENOMIC ANALYSIS; DRUG-METABOLISM; INBRED MICE;
INFLAMMATION; FEMALE; NETWORKS
AB Gatti DM, Zhao N, Chesler EJ, Bradford BU, Shabalin AA, Yordanova R, Lu L, Rusyn I. Sex-specific gene expression in the BXD mouse liver. Physiol Genomics 42: 456-468, 2010. First published June 15, 2010; doi: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00110.2009.Differences in clinical phenotypes between the sexes are well documented and have their roots in differential gene expression. While sex has a major effect on gene expression, transcription is also influenced by complex interactions between individual genetic variation and environmental stimuli. In this study, we sought to understand how genetic variation affects sex-related differences in liver gene expression by performing genetic mapping of genomewide liver mRNA expression data in a genetically defined population of naive male and female mice from C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, B6D2F1, and 37 C57BL/6J X DBA/2J (BXD) recombinant inbred strains. As expected, we found that many genes important to xenobiotic metabolism and other important pathways exhibit sexually dimorphic expression. We also performed gene expression quantitative trait locus mapping in this panel and report that the most significant loci that appear to regulate a larger number of genes than expected by chance are largely sex independent. Importantly, we found that the degree of correlation within gene expression networks differs substantially between the sexes. Finally, we compare our results to a recently released human liver gene expression data set and report on important similarities in sexually dimorphic liver gene expression between mouse and human. This study enhances our understanding of sex differences at the genome level and between species, as well as increasing our knowledge of the molecular underpinnings of sex differences in responses to xenobiotics.
C1 [Gatti, Daniel M.; Zhao, Ni; Bradford, Blair U.; Rusyn, Ivan] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
[Chesler, Elissa J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
[Shabalin, Andrey A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Stat & Operat Res, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
[Yordanova, Roumyana] Bristol Myers Squibb Res & Dev, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Lu, Lu] Univ Tennessee, Coll Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Memphis, TN USA.
RP Rusyn, I (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
EM iir@unc.edu
RI Zhao, Ni/P-9086-2014; Rusyn, Ivan/S-2426-2016;
OI Zhao, Ni/0000-0002-7762-3949; Shabalin, Andrey/0000-0003-0309-6821
FU National Institutes of Health [R01-ES-015241, R01-AA-016258,
U01-AA-014425, P42-ES005948]; Office of Biological and Environmental
Research, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX This study was funded, in part, by grants from the National Institutes
of Health (R01-ES-015241, R01-AA-016258, U01-AA-014425, and
P42-ES005948). E. J. Chesler and R. Yordanova were supported by the
Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of
Energy, under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC.
NR 63
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 1094-8341
J9 PHYSIOL GENOMICS
JI Physiol. Genomics
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 42
IS 3
BP 456
EP 468
DI 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00110.2009
PG 13
WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology
SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology
GA 655UU
UT WOS:000282278700014
PM 20551147
ER
PT J
AU Yan, HH
Kikuchi, S
Neumann, P
Zhang, WL
Wu, YF
Chen, F
Jiang, JM
AF Yan, Huihuang
Kikuchi, Shinji
Neumann, Pavel
Zhang, Wenli
Wu, Yufeng
Chen, Feng
Jiang, Jiming
TI Genome-wide mapping of cytosine methylation revealed dynamic DNA
methylation patterns associated with genes and centromeres in rice
SO PLANT JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE cytosine methylation; Illumina sequencing; centromere; epigenomics; rice
ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SEQUENCE ORGANIZATION; REGION; TRANSCRIPTION;
CHROMOSOMES; UNCOVERS; MAIZE; SATELLITE; EVOLUTION; SIZE
AB P>We conducted genome-wide mapping of cytosine methylation using methylcytosine immunoprecipitation combined with Illumina sequencing. The chromosomal distribution pattern of methylated DNA is similar to the heterochromatin distribution pattern on rice chromosomes. The DNA methylation patterns of rice genes are similar to those in Arabidopsis thaliana, including distinct methylation patterns asssociated with gene bodies and promoters. The DNA sequences in the core domains of rice Cen4, Cen5 and Cen8 showed elevated methylation levels compared with sequences in the pericentromeric regions. In addition, elevated methylation levels were associated with the DNA sequences in the CENH3-binding subdomains, compared with the sequences in the flanking H3 subdomains. In contrast, the centromeric domain of Cen11, which is composed exclusively of centromeric satellite DNA, is hypomethylated compared with the pericentromeric domains. Thus, the DNA sequences associated with functional centromeres can be either hypomethylated or hypermethylated. The methylation patterns of centromeric DNA appear to be correlated with the composition of the associated DNA sequences. We propose that both hypomethylation and hypermethylation of CENH3-associated DNA sequences can serve as epigenetic marks to distinguish where CENH3 deposition will occur within the surrounding H3 chromatin.
C1 [Yan, Huihuang; Kikuchi, Shinji; Neumann, Pavel; Zhang, Wenli; Wu, Yufeng; Jiang, Jiming] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Chen, Feng] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA.
RP Jiang, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM jjiang1@wisc.edu
RI Jiang, Jiming/A-9614-2009; Neumann, Pavel/H-7345-2013
OI Neumann, Pavel/0000-0001-6711-6639
FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0603927, DBI-0923640]; US Department of
Energy's Office of Science; University of California, Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Los Alamos National Laboratory
[DE-AC02-06NA25396]
FX We thank the Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center for providing
the Nipponbare seeds. This research was supported by grants DBI-0603927
and DBI-0923640 from the National Science Foundation to JJ. The
sequencing was performed under the auspices of the US Department of
Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research
Program, and by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231, Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory, under contract no. DE-AC52-07NA27344, and Los
Alamos National Laboratory, under contract no. DE-AC02-06NA25396.
NR 43
TC 51
Z9 54
U1 4
U2 22
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0960-7412
J9 PLANT J
JI Plant J.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 63
IS 3
BP 353
EP 365
DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2010.04246.x
PG 13
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 629LS
UT WOS:000280200900001
PM 20487381
ER
PT J
AU Morreel, K
Dima, O
Kim, H
Lu, FC
Niculaes, C
Vanholme, R
Dauwe, R
Goeminne, G
Inze, D
Messens, E
Ralph, J
Boerjan, W
AF Morreel, Kris
Dima, Oana
Kim, Hoon
Lu, Fachuang
Niculaes, Claudiu
Vanholme, Ruben
Dauwe, Rebecca
Goeminne, Geert
Inze, Dirk
Messens, Eric
Ralph, John
Boerjan, Wout
TI Mass Spectrometry-Based Sequencing of Lignin Oligomers
SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; STRUCTURAL UNITS; CELL-WALLS; REVEALS;
BIOSYNTHESIS; LIGNIFICATION; POPLAR; NMR; FRAGMENTATIONS; OLIGOLIGNOLS
AB Although the primary structure of proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates can be readily determined, no sequencing method has been described yet for the second most abundant biopolymer on earth (i.e. lignin). Within secondary-thickened plant cell walls, lignin forms an aromatic mesh arising from the combinatorial radical-radical coupling of monolignols and many other less abundant monomers. This polymerization process leads to a plethora of units and linkage types that affect the physicochemical characteristics of the cell wall. Current methods to analyze the lignin structure focus only on the frequency of the major monomeric units and interunit linkage types but do not provide information on the presence of less abundant unknown units and linkage types, nor on how linkages affect the formation of neighboring linkages. Such information can only be obtained using a sequencing approach. Here, we describe, to our knowledge for the first time, a sequencing strategy for lignin oligomers using mass spectrometry. This strategy was then evaluated on the oligomers extracted from wild-type poplar (Populus tremula x Populus tremuloides) xylem. In total, 134 lignin trimers to hexamers were observed, of which 36 could be completely sequenced. Interestingly, based on molecular mass data of the unknown monomeric and dimeric substructures, at least 10 unknown monomeric units or interunit linkage types were observed, one of which was identified as an arylglycerol end unit.
C1 [Morreel, Kris; Dima, Oana; Niculaes, Claudiu; Vanholme, Ruben; Goeminne, Geert; Inze, Dirk; Boerjan, Wout] Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, Flanders Inst Biotechnol, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
[Morreel, Kris; Dima, Oana; Niculaes, Claudiu; Vanholme, Ruben; Dauwe, Rebecca; Goeminne, Geert; Inze, Dirk; Messens, Eric; Boerjan, Wout] Univ Ghent, Dept Plant Biotechnol & Genet, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Kim, Hoon; Lu, Fachuang; Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Boerjan, W (reprint author), Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, Flanders Inst Biotechnol, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
EM wout.boerjan@psb.vib-ugent.be
OI Boerjan, Wout/0000-0003-1495-510X; Inze, Dirk/0000-0002-3217-8407
FU Research Foundation-Flanders [G.0352.05N]; Stanford University;
Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center
[DE-FC02-07ER64494]; European Commission [KBBE-2007-3-1-01,
KBBE-2007-1-2-05]; Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds-Zware Apparatuur of Ghent
University for the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass
spectrometer [174PZA05]
FX This work was supported by the Research Foundation-Flanders (grant no.
G.0352.05N), by the Stanford University Global Climate and Energy
Project (Towards New Degradable Lignin Types), by the Department of
Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (grant no.
DE-FC02-07ER64494), by the European Commission Framework VII projects
RENEWALL (grant no. KBBE-2007-3-1-01), ENERGYPOPLAR (grant no.
KBBE-2007-1-2-05), and NOVELTREE (grant no. KBBE-2007-1-2-05), and by
the Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds-Zware Apparatuur of Ghent University for
the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometer (grant
no. 174PZA05).
NR 49
TC 66
Z9 67
U1 4
U2 59
PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS
PI ROCKVILLE
PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA
SN 0032-0889
J9 PLANT PHYSIOL
JI Plant Physiol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 153
IS 4
BP 1464
EP 1478
DI 10.1104/pp.110.156489
PG 15
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 634FQ
UT WOS:000280566000003
PM 20554692
ER
PT J
AU Freeman, JL
Tamaoki, M
Stushnoff, C
Quinn, CF
Cappa, JJ
Devonshire, J
Fakra, SC
Marcus, MA
McGrath, SP
Van Hoewyk, D
Pilon-Smits, EAH
AF Freeman, John L.
Tamaoki, Masanori
Stushnoff, Cecil
Quinn, Colin F.
Cappa, Jennifer J.
Devonshire, Jean
Fakra, Sirine C.
Marcus, Matthew A.
McGrath, Steve P.
Van Hoewyk, Doug
Pilon-Smits, Elizabeth A. H.
TI Molecular Mechanisms of Selenium Tolerance and Hyperaccumulation in
Stanleya pinnata
SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; PRAIRIE DOG HERBIVORY; VITAMIN-C CONTENTS;
ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SELENOCYSTEINE METHYLTRANSFERASE; CELLULAR
COMPARTMENTATION; ASTRAGALUS-BISULCATUS; ACCUMULATING PLANTS; INDICATOR
PLANTS; INDIAN MUSTARD
AB The molecular mechanisms responsible for selenium (Se) tolerance and hyperaccumulation were studied in the Se hyper-accumulator Stanleya pinnata (Brassicaceae) by comparing it with the related secondary Se accumulator Stanleya albescens using a combination of physiological, structural, genomic, and biochemical approaches. S. pinnata accumulated 3.6-fold more Se and was tolerant to 20 mu M selenate, while S. albescens suffered reduced growth, chlorosis and necrosis, impaired photosynthesis, and high levels of reactive oxygen species. Levels of ascorbic acid, glutathione, total sulfur, and nonprotein thiols were higher in S. pinnata, suggesting that Se tolerance may in part be due to increased antioxidants and up-regulated sulfur assimilation. S. pinnata had higher selenocysteine methyltransferase protein levels and, judged from liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, mainly accumulated the free amino acid methylselenocysteine, while S. albescens accumulated mainly the free amino acid selenocystathionine. S. albescens leaf x-ray absorption near-edge structure scans mainly detected a carbon-Se-carbon compound (presumably selenocystathionine) in addition to some selenocysteine and selenate. Thus, S. albescens may accumulate more toxic forms of Se in its leaves than S. pinnata. The species also showed different leaf Se sequestration patterns: while S. albescens showed a diffuse pattern, S. pinnata sequestered Se in localized epidermal cell clusters along leaf margins and tips, concentrated inside of epidermal cells. Transcript analyses of S. pinnata showed a constitutively higher expression of genes involved in sulfur assimilation, antioxidant activities, defense, and response to (methyl) jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, or ethylene. The levels of some of these hormones were constitutively elevated in S. pinnata compared with S. albescens, and leaf Se accumulation was slightly enhanced in both species when these hormones were supplied. Thus, defense-related phytohormones may play an important signaling role in the Se hyperaccumulation of S. pinnata, perhaps by constitutively up-regulating sulfur/Se assimilation followed by methylation of selenocysteine and the targeted sequestration of methylselenocysteine.
C1 [Freeman, John L.; Quinn, Colin F.; Cappa, Jennifer J.; Van Hoewyk, Doug; Pilon-Smits, Elizabeth A. H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Stushnoff, Cecil] Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Freeman, John L.] ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Div, Parlier, CA 93648 USA.
[Freeman, John L.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Ctr Irrigat Technol, Fresno, CA 93740 USA.
[Tamaoki, Masanori] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Div Environm Biol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan.
[Devonshire, Jean; McGrath, Steve P.] Rothamsted Res, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England.
[Fakra, Sirine C.; Marcus, Matthew A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Van Hoewyk, Doug] Coastal Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Conway, SC 29526 USA.
RP Pilon-Smits, EAH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM epsmits@lamar.colostate.edu
RI McGrath, Steve/B-5127-2008;
OI McGrath, Steve/0000-0003-0952-8947; Tamaoki,
Masanori/0000-0002-5516-8834
FU National Science Foundation [IOB-0444471, IOS-0817748]; Ministry of
Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan [18780006]
FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant nos.
IOB-0444471 and IOS-0817748 to E. P. S.) and the Ministry of Education,
Science, Sports and Culture of Japan (grant no. 18780006 to M. T.).
NR 112
TC 71
Z9 76
U1 4
U2 47
PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS
PI ROCKVILLE
PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA
SN 0032-0889
EI 1532-2548
J9 PLANT PHYSIOL
JI Plant Physiol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 153
IS 4
BP 1630
EP 1652
DI 10.1104/pp.110.156570
PG 23
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 634FQ
UT WOS:000280566000017
PM 20498337
ER
PT J
AU Shi, YJ
Wang, FD
Wan, BN
Bitter, M
Lee, S
Bak, J
Hill, K
Fu, J
Li, YY
Zhang, W
Ti, A
Ling, BL
AF Shi, Yuejiang
Wang, Fudi
Wan, Baonian
Bitter, Manfred
Lee, Sanggon
Bak, Jungyo
Hill, Kennith
Fu, Jia
Li, Yingying
Zhang, Wei
Ti, Ang
Ling, Bili
TI Imaging x-ray crystal spectrometer on EAST
SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION
LA English
DT Article
ID DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE SPECTRA; IONS
AB A high-resolution imaging x-ray crystal spectrometer is described for implementation on the EAST tokamak to provide spatially and temporally resolved data on the ion temperature, electron temperature and poloidal plasma rotation. These data are derived from observations of the satellite spectra of helium-like argon, Ar XVII, which is the dominant charge state for electron temperatures in the range from 0.4 to 3.0 keV and which is accessible to EAST. Employing a novel design, which is based on the imaging properties of spherically bent crystals, the spectrometers will provide spectrally and spatially resolved images of the plasma for all experimental conditions, which include ohmically heated discharges as well as plasmas with rf and neutral-beam heating. The experimental setup and initial experimental results are presented.
C1 [Shi, Yuejiang; Wang, Fudi; Wan, Baonian; Fu, Jia; Li, Yingying; Zhang, Wei; Ti, Ang; Ling, Bili] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China.
[Bitter, Manfred; Hill, Kennith] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
[Lee, Sanggon; Bak, Jungyo] Natl Fus Res Inst, Taejon 305333, South Korea.
RP Shi, YJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China.
FU National Science Foundation of China [10725523, 10975155]; ITER Relevant
Foundation in China [2009GB104003]
FX The authors are very grateful to the Diagnostics Group, Operators Teams
and LHCD Team of EAST. This work has been partly supported by the
National Science Foundation of China (Contract Nos 10725523 and
10975155) and the ITER Relevant Foundation in China (Grant No
2009GB104003).
NR 15
TC 38
Z9 41
U1 0
U2 17
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0741-3335
J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F
JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 52
IS 8
AR 085014
DI 10.1088/0741-3335/52/8/085014
PG 9
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 623AU
UT WOS:000279709700014
ER
PT J
AU Waldmann, O
Langowski, M
Fussmann, G
AF Waldmann, Ole
Langowski, Martin
Fussmann, Gerd
TI Suprathermal electrons in a stationary magnetic arc discharge
SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PLASMA; TRANSPORT
AB Stochastic short voltage spikes occur in the stationary arc discharge of the linear plasma generator PSI-2. Similar spikes are also found when detecting the infrared bremsstrahlung emission at various plasma positions. They are related to suprathermal electrons which have energies up to 150 eV, i.e. 1.5 times the average discharge voltage and 15 times k(B)T(e), the thermal energy of the bulk electrons. These electrons are examined by different diagnostic methods, in particular a newly constructed segmented neutralizer plate was used as a diagnostic tool. The suprathermal particles are found to exist in a thin circular ring of the plasma column which is the region of field lines connected directly to the cathode. For low neutral gas pressure the suprathermal electrons can be treated as collisionless, but when increasing the neutral gas background, scattering with the molecules must be taken into account. In some cases the peak in the potential of the collecting neutralizer plate exceeds the peak of the accelerating voltage. This is explained as a transient event occurring when a bunch of electrons is approaching the collecting surface. The maximum current associated with these electrons is found to compensate the ion saturation current. Their peak density is thus estimated to be in the range of 10(-3) of the thermal electrons; on temporal average the ratio < n(st)>/n(e) is of order 10(-8).
To the best of our knowledge this is the first extensive study on suprathermal electrons in magnetized arcs. They provide an interesting physical phenomenon but are unlikely to affect the interpretation of electrical probes or optical diagnostic measurements.
C1 [Waldmann, Ole] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Langowski, Martin] Univ Bremen, Inst Umweltphys IUP, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
[Fussmann, Gerd] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
RP Waldmann, O (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd Mail Stop 5-121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM OWaldmann@lbl.gov
NR 16
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 4
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0963-0252
J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T
JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 19
IS 4
AR 045007
DI 10.1088/0963-0252/19/4/045007
PG 10
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 632FS
UT WOS:000280407300008
ER
PT J
AU Ditty, JL
Kvaal, CA
Goodner, B
Freyermuth, SK
Bailey, C
Britton, RA
Gordon, SG
Heinhorst, S
Reed, K
Xu, ZH
Sanders-Lorenz, ER
Axen, S
Kim, E
Johns, M
Scott, K
Kerfeld, CA
AF Ditty, Jayna L.
Kvaal, Christopher A.
Goodner, Brad
Freyermuth, Sharyn K.
Bailey, Cheryl
Britton, Robert A.
Gordon, Stuart G.
Heinhorst, Sabine
Reed, Kelynne
Xu, Zhaohui
Sanders-Lorenz, Erin R.
Axen, Seth
Kim, Edwin
Johns, Mitrick
Scott, Kathleen
Kerfeld, Cheryl A.
TI Incorporating Genomics and Bioinformatics across the Life Sciences
Curriculum
SO PLOS BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID EDUCATION; BIOLOGY; EXPRESSION; EXERCISE; DESIGN; GENE; TIME
C1 [Ditty, Jayna L.] Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA.
[Kvaal, Christopher A.] St Cloud State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA.
[Goodner, Brad] Hiram Coll, Dept Biol, Hiram, OH USA.
[Freyermuth, Sharyn K.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO USA.
[Bailey, Cheryl] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA.
[Britton, Robert A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Gordon, Stuart G.] Presbyterian Coll, Dept Biol, Clinton, SC USA.
[Heinhorst, Sabine] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA.
[Reed, Kelynne] Austin Coll, Dept Biol, Sherman, TX 75090 USA.
[Xu, Zhaohui] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA.
[Sanders-Lorenz, Erin R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Mol Genet, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Axen, Seth; Kim, Edwin; Kerfeld, Cheryl A.] Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA USA.
[Johns, Mitrick] No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL USA.
[Scott, Kathleen] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL USA.
[Kerfeld, Cheryl A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Ditty, JL (reprint author), Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA.
EM ckerfeld@lbl.gov
NR 52
TC 22
Z9 24
U1 3
U2 11
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1544-9173
J9 PLOS BIOL
JI PLoS. Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 8
IS 8
AR e1000448
DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000448
PG 4
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics
GA 645MQ
UT WOS:000281464500007
PM 20711478
ER
PT J
AU Kazemian, M
Blatti, C
Richards, A
McCutchan, M
Wakabayashi-Ito, N
Hammonds, AS
Celniker, SE
Kumar, S
Wolfe, SA
Brodsky, MH
Sinha, S
AF Kazemian, Majid
Blatti, Charles
Richards, Adam
McCutchan, Michael
Wakabayashi-Ito, Noriko
Hammonds, Ann S.
Celniker, Susan E.
Kumar, Sudhir
Wolfe, Scot A.
Brodsky, Michael H.
Sinha, Saurabh
TI Quantitative Analysis of the Drosophila Segmentation Regulatory Network
Using Pattern Generating Potentials
SO PLOS BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID FACTOR-BINDING SITES; GENOME-WIDE PREDICTION; GENE-EXPRESSION;
TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI;
MELANOGASTER; MODULES; DNA; BLASTODERM
AB Cis-regulatory modules that drive precise spatial-temporal patterns of gene expression are central to the process of metazoan development. We describe a new computational strategy to annotate genomic sequences based on their "pattern generating potential'' and to produce quantitative descriptions of transcriptional regulatory networks at the level of individual protein-module interactions. We use this approach to convert the qualitative understanding of interactions that regulate Drosophila segmentation into a network model in which a confidence value is associated with each transcription factor-module interaction. Sequence information from multiple Drosophila species is integrated with transcription factor binding specificities to determine conserved binding site frequencies across the genome. These binding site profiles are combined with transcription factor expression information to create a model to predict module activity patterns. This model is used to scan genomic sequences for the potential to generate all or part of the expression pattern of a nearby gene, obtained from available gene expression databases. Interactions between individual transcription factors and modules are inferred by a statistical method to quantify a factor's contribution to the module's pattern generating potential. We use these pattern generating potentials to systematically describe the location and function of known and novel cis-regulatory modules in the segmentation network, identifying many examples of modules predicted to have overlapping expression activities. Surprisingly, conserved transcription factor binding site frequencies were as effective as experimental measurements of occupancy in predicting module expression patterns or factor-module interactions. Thus, unlike previous module prediction methods, this method predicts not only the location of modules but also their spatial activity pattern and the factors that directly determine this pattern. As databases of transcription factor specificities and in vivo gene expression patterns grow, analysis of pattern generating potentials provides a general method to decode transcriptional regulatory sequences and networks.
C1 [Kazemian, Majid; Blatti, Charles; Sinha, Saurabh] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Richards, Adam; Wakabayashi-Ito, Noriko; Wolfe, Scot A.; Brodsky, Michael H.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Program Gene Funct & Express, Worcester, MA USA.
[Richards, Adam; Wakabayashi-Ito, Noriko; Brodsky, Michael H.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Mol Med, Worcester, MA USA.
[McCutchan, Michael; Kumar, Sudhir] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Evolutionary Funct Genom, Biodesign Inst, Tempe, AZ USA.
[Hammonds, Ann S.; Celniker, Susan E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Dynam, Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Wolfe, Scot A.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Pharmacol, Worcester, MA USA.
[Sinha, Saurabh] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
RP Kazemian, M (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, 1304 W Springfield Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
EM Michael.brodsky@umassmed.edu; sinhas@illinois.edu
RI Kumar, Sudhir/F-1411-2011;
OI Kazemian, Majid/0000-0001-7080-8820
FU National Institutes of Health [R01 HG004744-01, R01GM085233-01]
FX This work was supported in part by grants by the National Institutes of
Health (to SK, grant R01 HG004744-01 to MB, SAW, and grant
R01GM085233-01 to SS). The funders had no role in study design, data
collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the
manuscript.
NR 60
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 8
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1544-9173
J9 PLOS BIOL
JI PLoS. Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 8
IS 8
AR e1000456
DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000456
PG 19
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics
GA 645MQ
UT WOS:000281464500012
ER
PT J
AU Aviran, S
Shah, PS
Schaffer, DV
Arkin, AP
AF Aviran, Sharon
Shah, Priya S.
Schaffer, David V.
Arkin, Adam P.
TI Computational Models of HIV-1 Resistance to Gene Therapy Elucidate
Therapy Design Principles
SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; CD8(+) T-CELLS; PROTEASE INHIBITOR
TIPRANAVIR; IN-VIVO SELECTION; RNA INTERFERENCE; LENTIVIRAL VECTOR;
DRUG-RESISTANCE; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; LONG-TERM; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY
AB Gene therapy is an emerging alternative to conventional anti-HIV-1 drugs, and can potentially control the virus while alleviating major limitations of current approaches. Yet, HIV-1's ability to rapidly acquire mutations and escape therapy presents a critical challenge to any novel treatment paradigm. Viral escape is thus a key consideration in the design of any gene-based technique. We develop a computational model of HIV's evolutionary dynamics in vivo in the presence of a genetic therapy to explore the impact of therapy parameters and strategies on the development of resistance. Our model is generic and captures the properties of a broad class of gene-based agents that inhibit early stages of the viral life cycle. We highlight the differences in viral resistance dynamics between gene and standard antiretroviral therapies, and identify key factors that impact long-term viral suppression. In particular, we underscore the importance of mutationally-induced viral fitness losses in cells that are not genetically modified, as these can severely constrain the replication of resistant virus. We also propose and investigate a novel treatment strategy that leverages upon gene therapy's unique capacity to deliver different genes to distinct cell populations, and we find that such a strategy can dramatically improve efficacy when used judiciously within a certain parametric regime. Finally, we revisit a previously-suggested idea of improving clinical outcomes by boosting the proliferation of the genetically-modified cells, but we find that such an approach has mixed effects on resistance dynamics. Our results provide insights into the short- and long-term effects of gene therapy and the role of its key properties in the evolution of resistance, which can serve as guidelines for the choice and optimization of effective therapeutic agents.
C1 [Aviran, Sharon; Schaffer, David V.; Arkin, Adam P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Shah, Priya S.; Schaffer, David V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Schaffer, David V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Helen Wills Neurosci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Arkin, Adam P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Aviran, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM aparkin@lbl.gov
RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008
OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931
FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01 GM073058]; National Science
Foundation (NSF) [0540879]
FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grant R01
GM073058 and by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant 0540879. The
funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 90
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 7
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1553-734X
J9 PLOS COMPUT BIOL
JI PLoS Comput. Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 6
IS 8
AR e1000883
DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000883
PG 18
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology
GA 644OU
UT WOS:000281389500015
ER
PT J
AU Kohn, JE
Afonine, PV
Ruscio, JZ
Adams, PD
Head-Gordon, T
AF Kohn, Jonathan E.
Afonine, Pavel V.
Ruscio, Jory Z.
Adams, Paul D.
Head-Gordon, Teresa
TI Evidence of Functional Protein Dynamics from X-Ray Crystallographic
Ensembles
SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID EGG-WHITE LYSOZYME; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; STRUCTURE
PREDICTION; HYDRATION SHELL; MODEL PEPTIDES; THERMAL MOTION; HEN
LYSOZYME; REFINEMENT; WATER
AB It is widely recognized that representing a protein as a single static conformation is inadequate to describe the dynamics essential to the performance of its biological function. We contrast the amino acid displacements below and above the protein dynamical transition temperature, T-D similar to 215K, of hen egg white lysozyme using X-ray crystallography ensembles that are analyzed by molecular dynamics simulations as a function of temperature. We show that measuring structural variations across an ensemble of X-ray derived models captures the activation of conformational states that are of functional importance just above T-D, and they remain virtually identical to structural motions measured at 300K. Our results highlight the ability to observe functional structural variations across an ensemble of X-ray crystallographic data, and that residue fluctuations measured in MD simulations at room temperature are in quantitative agreement with the experimental observable.
C1 [Kohn, Jonathan E.; Ruscio, Jory Z.; Adams, Paul D.; Head-Gordon, Teresa] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Afonine, Pavel V.; Adams, Paul D.; Head-Gordon, Teresa] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Kohn, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM TLHead-Gordon@lbl.gov
RI Head-Gordon, Teresa/E-5818-2011; Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013
OI Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219
FU NSF
FX THG thanks the NSF Cyberinfrastructure program for support of the work
presented here, and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing
Center for computational resources. PDA would like to thank NIH/NIGMS
for generous support of the PHENIX project, and the U.S. Department of
Energy. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and
analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 55
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 13
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1553-734X
EI 1553-7358
J9 PLOS COMPUT BIOL
JI PLoS Comput. Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 6
IS 8
AR e1000911
DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000911
PG 5
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology
GA 644OU
UT WOS:000281389500039
ER
PT J
AU Rejniak, KA
Wang, SZE
Bryce, NS
Chang, H
Parvin, B
Jourquin, J
Estrada, L
Gray, JW
Arteaga, CL
Weaver, AM
Quaranta, V
Anderson, ARA
AF Rejniak, Katarzyna A.
Wang, Shizhen E.
Bryce, Nicole S.
Chang, Hang
Parvin, Bahram
Jourquin, Jerome
Estrada, Lourdes
Gray, Joe W.
Arteaga, Carlos L.
Weaver, Alissa M.
Quaranta, Vito
Anderson, Alexander R. A.
TI Linking Changes in Epithelial Morphogenesis to Cancer Mutations Using
Computational Modeling
SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CELL; ACINI; INVASION; APOPTOSIS; CULTURES; GROWTH; DOMAIN
AB Most tumors arise from epithelial tissues, such as mammary glands and lobules, and their initiation is associated with the disruption of a finely defined epithelial architecture. Progression from intraductal to invasive tumors is related to genetic mutations that occur at a subcellular level but manifest themselves as functional and morphological changes at the cellular and tissue scales, respectively. Elevated proliferation and loss of epithelial polarization are the two most noticeable changes in cell phenotypes during this process. As a result, many three-dimensional cultures of tumorigenic clones show highly aberrant morphologies when compared to regular epithelial monolayers enclosing the hollow lumen ( acini). In order to shed light on phenotypic changes associated with tumor cells, we applied the bio-mechanical IBCell model of normal epithelial morphogenesis quantitatively matched to data acquired from the non-tumorigenic human mammary cell line, MCF10A. We then used a high-throughput simulation study to reveal how modifications in model parameters influence changes in the simulated architecture. Three parameters have been considered in our study, which define cell sensitivity to proliferative, apoptotic and cell-ECM adhesive cues. By mapping experimental morphologies of four MCF10A-derived cell lines carrying different oncogenic mutations onto the model parameter space, we identified changes in cellular processes potentially underlying structural modifications of these mutants. As a case study, we focused on MCF10A cells expressing an oncogenic mutant HER2-YVMA to quantitatively assess changes in cell doubling time, cell apoptotic rate, and cell sensitivity to ECM accumulation when compared to the parental non-tumorigenic cell line. By mapping in vitro mutant morphologies onto in silico ones we have generated a means of linking the morphological and molecular scales via computational modeling. Thus, IBCell in combination with 3D acini cultures can form a computational/experimental platform for suggesting the relationship between the histopathology of neoplastic lesions and their underlying molecular defects.
C1 [Rejniak, Katarzyna A.; Anderson, Alexander R. A.] H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Tampa, FL USA.
[Rejniak, Katarzyna A.] Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Dept Oncol Sci, Tampa, FL USA.
[Wang, Shizhen E.] Beckman Res Inst City Hope, Div Tumor Cell Biol, Duarte, CA USA.
[Bryce, Nicole S.; Jourquin, Jerome; Estrada, Lourdes; Arteaga, Carlos L.; Weaver, Alissa M.; Quaranta, Vito] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Vanderbilt Integrat Canc Biol Ctr, Nashville, TN USA.
[Chang, Hang; Parvin, Bahram; Gray, Joe W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Rejniak, KA (reprint author), H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Tampa, FL USA.
EM Kasia.Rejniak@moffitt.org
RI Anderson, Alexander/A-2713-2011; Bryce, Nicole/B-4751-2009; Rejniak,
Katarzyna /A-5988-2015; Quaranta, Vito/G-6512-2016;
OI Anderson, Alexander/0000-0002-2536-4383; Bryce,
Nicole/0000-0001-9799-7393; Rejniak, Katarzyna /0000-0003-2093-2422;
Quaranta, Vito/0000-0001-7491-8672; Jourquin, Jerome/0000-0002-7468-1166
FU NIH/NCI [U54 CA113007]
FX This work was partially supported by the NIH/NCI Integrative Cancer
Biology Program (U54 CA113007). The funder had no role in study design,
data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the
manuscript.
NR 32
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 8
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1553-7358
J9 PLOS COMPUT BIOL
JI PLoS Comput. Biol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 6
IS 8
AR e1000900
DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000900
PG 12
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology
GA 644OU
UT WOS:000281389500031
ER
PT J
AU Fries, RJ
AF Fries, R. J.
TI High energy nuclear collisions: Theory overview
SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 54th Annual Nuclear Physical Symposium
CY DEC 08-12, 2009
CL Mumbai, INDIA
SP Board Res Nucl Sci, Bhabha Atom Res Ctr
DE Heavy ion collisions; quark gluon plasma
ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM;
QUARK; QCD; COLLABORATION; SCATTERING; PLASMA; MATTER
AB We review some basic concepts of relativistic heavy-ion physics and discuss our understanding of some key results from the experimental program at the relativistic heavy-ion collider (RHIC). We focus in particular on the early time dynamics of nuclear collisions, some result from lattice QCD, hard probes and photons.
C1 [Fries, R. J.] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77845 USA.
[Fries, R. J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77845 USA.
[Fries, R. J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Fries, RJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, 3366 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77845 USA.
EM rjfries@comp.tamu.edu
NR 57
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES
PI BANGALORE
PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA
SN 0304-4289
J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS
JI Pramana-J. Phys.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 75
IS 2
SI SI
BP 235
EP 245
PG 11
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 642VX
UT WOS:000281250200008
ER
PT J
AU Madhavan, N
Nath, S
Varughese, T
Gehlot, J
Jhingan, A
Sugathan, P
Sinha, AK
Singh, R
Varier, KM
Radhakrishna, MC
Prasad, E
Kalkal, S
Mohanto, G
Das, JJ
Kumar, R
Singh, R
Muralithar, S
Bhowmik, RK
Roy, A
Kumar, R
Suman, SK
Mandal, A
Datta, TS
Chacko, J
Choudhury, A
Naik, UG
Malyadri, AJ
Archunan, M
Zacharias, J
Rao, S
Kumar, M
Barua, P
Subramanian, ET
Rani, K
Kumar, BPA
Golda, KS
AF Madhavan, N.
Nath, S.
Varughese, T.
Gehlot, J.
Jhingan, A.
Sugathan, P.
Sinha, A. K.
Singh, R.
Varier, K. M.
Radhakrishna, M. C.
Prasad, E.
Kalkal, S.
Mohanto, G.
Das, J. J.
Kumar, Rakesh
Singh, R.
Muralithar, S.
Bhowmik, R. K.
Roy, A.
Kumar, Rajesh
Suman, S. K.
Mandal, A.
Datta, T. S.
Chacko, J.
Choudhury, A.
Naik, U. G.
Malyadri, A. J.
Archunan, M.
Zacharias, J.
Rao, S.
Kumar, Mukesh
Barua, P.
Subramanian, E. T.
Rani, K.
Kumar, B. P. Ajith
Golda, K. S.
TI Hybrid recoil mass analyzer at IUAC - First results using gas-filled
mode and future plans
SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 54th Annual Nuclear Physical Symposium
CY DEC 08-12, 2009
CL Mumbai, INDIA
SP Board Res Nucl Sci, Bhabha Atom Res Ctr
DE Fusion; heavy evaporation residues; gas-filled separator; recoil mass
spectrometer; momentum achromat
ID SEPARATOR; FACILITY; SPECTROMETER; NSC
AB Hybrid recoil mass analyzer (HYRA) is a unique, dual-mode spectrometer designed to carry out nuclear reaction and structure studies in heavy and medium-mass nuclei using gas-filled and vacuum modes, respectively and has the potential to address newer domains in nuclear physics accessible using high energy, heavy-ion beams from superconducting LINAC accelerator (being commissioned) and ECR-based high current injector system (planned) at IUAC. The first stage of HYRA is operational and initial experiments have been carried out using gas-filled mode for the detection of heavy evaporation residues and heavy quasielastic recoils in the direction of primary beam. Excellent primary beam rejection and transmission efficiency (comparable with other gas-filled separators) have been achieved using a smaller focal plane detection system. There are plans to couple HYRA to other detector arrays such as Indian national gamma array (INGA) and 4 pi spin spectrometer for ER tagged spectroscopic/spin distribution studies and for focal plane decay measurements.
C1 [Madhavan, N.; Nath, S.; Varughese, T.; Gehlot, J.; Jhingan, A.; Sugathan, P.; Mohanto, G.; Kumar, Rakesh; Singh, R.; Muralithar, S.; Bhowmik, R. K.; Roy, A.; Kumar, Rajesh; Suman, S. K.; Mandal, A.; Datta, T. S.; Chacko, J.; Choudhury, A.; Naik, U. G.; Malyadri, A. J.; Archunan, M.; Zacharias, J.; Rao, S.; Kumar, Mukesh; Barua, P.; Subramanian, E. T.; Rani, K.; Kumar, B. P. Ajith; Golda, K. S.] Inter Univ Accelerator Ctr, New Delhi 110067, India.
[Sinha, A. K.] Kolkata Ctr, UGC DAE Consortium Sci Res, Kolkata 700098, India.
[Singh, R.; Kalkal, S.] Univ Delhi, Dept Phys & Astrophys, New Delhi 110007, India.
[Varier, K. M.; Prasad, E.] Univ Calicut, Dept Phys, Calicut 673635, Kerala, India.
[Radhakrishna, M. C.] Bangalore Univ, Dept Phys, Bengaluru 560056, India.
[Das, J. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RP Madhavan, N (reprint author), Inter Univ Accelerator Ctr, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
RI Roy, Amit/E-8101-2013; Pullanhiotan, Sugathan/C-4453-2017
OI Pullanhiotan, Sugathan/0000-0001-5773-2008
NR 18
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 1
PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES
PI BANGALORE
PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA
SN 0304-4289
EI 0973-7111
J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS
JI Pramana-J. Phys.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 75
IS 2
SI SI
BP 317
EP 331
PG 15
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 642VX
UT WOS:000281250200015
ER
PT J
AU Durkee, JW
Elson, JS
Jason, AJ
Johns, RC
Waters, LS
AF Durkee, Joe W., Jr.
Elson, Jay S.
Jason, Andrew J.
Johns, Russell C.
Waters, Laurie S.
TI An MCNPX accelerator beam source
SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY
LA English
DT Article
DE MCNPX; Accelerator; Beam source; Drift region; Active interrogation
AB We have developed a new source feature for MCNPX that enables the transport of particles in a field-free drift region for a beam produced by an accelerator. The beam representation is based on the formulation used in the TRANSPORT charged-particle-beam code. We show how to take the beam equations and tailor the necessary forms for utilization by MCNPX. Simulation results for a muon beam are presented to illustrate the new capability. The new capability is suitable for use in applications including active interrogation and medical physics. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Durkee, Joe W., Jr.; Elson, Jay S.; Jason, Andrew J.; Johns, Russell C.; Waters, Laurie S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Durkee, JW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS K575, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM jdurkee@lanl.gov
FU Department of Homeland Security Domestic Nuclear Detection Office
FX We appreciate the support provided by the Department of Homeland
Security Domestic Nuclear Detection Office.
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0149-1970
J9 PROG NUCL ENERG
JI Prog. Nucl. Energy
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 52
IS 6
BP 544
EP 554
DI 10.1016/j.pnucene.2009.12.001
PG 11
WC Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 612EL
UT WOS:000278879500004
ER
PT J
AU Green, MA
Emery, K
Hishikawa, Y
Warta, W
AF Green, Martin A.
Emery, Keith
Hishikawa, Yoshihiro
Warta, Wilhelm
TI Solar cell efficiency tables (version 36)
SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS
LA English
DT Article
DE solar cell efficiency; photovoltaic efficiency; energy conversion
efficiency
ID MULTICRYSTALLINE
AB Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and new entries since January 2010 are reviewed. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Green, Martin A.] Univ New S Wales, ARC Photovolta Ctr Excellence, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
[Emery, Keith] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Hishikawa, Yoshihiro] RCPV, Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan.
[Warta, Wilhelm] Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst, Dept Solar Cells Mat & Technol, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany.
RP Green, MA (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, ARC Photovolta Ctr Excellence, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
EM m.green@unsw.edu.au
NR 44
TC 241
Z9 248
U1 3
U2 60
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1062-7995
J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS
JI Prog. Photovoltaics
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 18
IS 5
BP 346
EP 352
DI 10.1002/pip.1021
PG 7
WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics
GA 626YI
UT WOS:000280004100006
ER
PT J
AU Lehner, MJ
Coehlo, NK
Zhang, ZW
Bianco, FB
Wang, JH
Rice, JA
Protopapas, P
Alcock, C
Axelrod, T
Byun, YI
Chen, WP
Cook, KH
de Pater, I
Kim, DW
King, SK
Lee, T
Marshall, SL
Schwamb, ME
Wang, SY
Wen, CY
AF Lehner, M. J.
Coehlo, N. K.
Zhang, Z. -W.
Bianco, F. B.
Wang, J. -H.
Rice, J. A.
Protopapas, P.
Alcock, C.
Axelrod, T.
Byun, Y. -I.
Chen, W. P.
Cook, K. H.
de Pater, I.
Kim, D. -W.
King, S. -K.
Lee, T.
Marshall, S. L.
Schwamb, M. E.
Wang, S. -Y.
Wen, C. -Y.
TI The TAOS Project: Statistical Analysis of Multi-Telescope Time Series
Data
SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC
LA English
DT Article
ID KUIPER-BELT OBJECTS; AMERICAN OCCULTATION SURVEY; STELLAR OCCULTATIONS;
OORT CLOUD; SEARCH; STARS
AB The Taiwanese-American Occultation Survey (TAOS) monitors fields of up to similar to 1000 stars at 5 Hz simultaneously with four small telescopes to detect occultation events from small (similar to 1 km) Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs). The survey presents a number of challenges, in particular the fact that the occultation events we are searching for are extremely rare and are typically manifested as slight flux drops for only one or two consecutive time series measurements. We have developed a statistical analysis technique to search the multi-telescope data set for simultaneous flux drops which provides a robust false-positive rejection and calculation of event significance. In this article, we describe in detail this statistical technique and its application to the TAOS data set.
C1 [Lehner, M. J.; Zhang, Z. -W.; Wang, J. -H.; King, S. -K.; Lee, T.; Wang, S. -Y.; Wen, C. -Y.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
[Lehner, M. J.; Bianco, F. B.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Lehner, M. J.; Bianco, F. B.; Protopapas, P.; Alcock, C.; Kim, D. -W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Coehlo, N. K.; Rice, J. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Zhang, Z. -W.; Wang, J. -H.; Chen, W. P.] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Astron, Jhongli 320, Taoyuan County, Taiwan.
[Bianco, F. B.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Bianco, F. B.] Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope Network Inc, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA.
[Protopapas, P.; Kim, D. -W.] Harvard Univ, Initiat Innovat Comp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Axelrod, T.] Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Byun, Y. -I.; Kim, D. -W.] Yonsei Univ, Dept Astron, Seoul 120749, South Korea.
[Cook, K. H.; Marshall, S. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[de Pater, I.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Marshall, S. L.] Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Schwamb, M. E.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Lehner, MJ (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, POB 23-141, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
EM mlehner@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw
RI Lee, Typhoon/N-8347-2013;
OI Lehner, Matthew/0000-0003-4077-0985
FU National Science Foundation [AS-88-TP-A02, DMS-0636667, AST-0501681,
NNG04G113G]; National Central University [NSC 96-2112-M-008-024-MY3]
FX This work was supported in part by the thematic research program
AS-88-TP-A02 at Academia Sinica. N. K. C.'s work was supported in part
by the National Science Foundation under grant DMS-0636667. Work at the
Harvard College Observatory was supported in part by the National
Science Foundation under grant AST-0501681 and by NASA under grant
NNG04G113G. The work at National Central University was supported by the
grant NSC 96-2112-M-008-024-MY3. J. A. R.'s work was supported in part
by the National Science Foundation under grant AST-00507254. S. L. M.'s
work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract
W-7405-Eng-48 and by Stanford Linear Accelerator Center under Contract
DE-AC02-76SF00515. Y. I. B. acknowledges the support of National
Research Foundation of Korea through Grant 2009-0075376. K. H. C.'s work
was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract
W-7405-Eng-48 and in part under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
NR 27
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0004-6280
J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC
JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 122
IS 894
BP 959
EP 975
PG 17
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 634EG
UT WOS:000280561700010
ER
PT J
AU Rithidech, KN
Reungpatthanaphong, P
Honikel, L
Rusek, A
Simon, SR
AF Rithidech, Kanokporn Noy .
Reungpatthanaphong, Paiboon
Honikel, Louise
Rusek, Adam
Simon, Sanford R.
TI Dose-rate effects of protons on in vivo activation of nuclear
factor-kappa B and cytokines in mouse bone marrow cells
SO RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SOLAR PARTICLE EVENTS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; IONIZING-RADIATION;
GAMMA-IRRADIATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; MICRONUCLEUS
FORMATION; GENOMIC INSTABILITY; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; DNA-DAMAGE
AB The objective of this study was to determine the kinetics of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation and cytokine expression in bone marrow (BM) cells of exposed mice as a function of the dose rate of protons. The cytokines included in this study are pro-inflammatory [i.e., tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1 beta), and IL-6] and anti-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-4 and IL-10). We gave male BALB/cJ mice a whole-body exposure to 0 (sham-controls) or 1.0 Gy of 100 MeV protons, delivered at 5 or 10 mGy min(-1), the dose and dose rates found during solar particle events in space. As a reference radiation, groups of mice were exposed to 0 (sham-controls) or 1 Gy of (137)Cs gamma rays (10 mGy min(-1)). After irradiation, BM cells were collected at 1.5, 3, 24 h, and 1 month for analyses (five mice per treatment group per harvest time). The results indicated that the in vivo time course of effects induced by a single dose of 1 Gy of 100 MeV protons or (137)Cs gamma rays, delivered at 10 mGy min(-1), was similar. Although statistically significant levels of NF-kappa B activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines in BM cells of exposed mice when compared to those in the corresponding sham controls (Student's t-test, p < 0.05 or < 0.01) were induced by either dose rate, these levels varied over time for each protein. Further, only a dose rate of 5 mGy min(-1) induced significant levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The results indicate dose-rate effects of protons.
C1 [Rithidech, Kanokporn Noy .; Reungpatthanaphong, Paiboon; Honikel, Louise; Simon, Sanford R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pathol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Rusek, Adam] Brookhaven Natl Lab, NASA Res Lab, Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Rithidech, KN (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pathol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
EM krithidech@notes.sunysb.edu
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX07AP88G]
FX We thank Dr. Peter Guida and his team for logistic support, MaryAnn
Petry and her BLAF staff for their assistance in animal handling. We
also thank Dr. Michael Sivertz for dosimetry support. This work was
supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Grant #NNX07AP88G.
NR 64
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0301-634X
J9 RADIAT ENVIRON BIOPH
JI Radiat. Environ. Biophys.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 49
IS 3
BP 405
EP 419
DI 10.1007/s00411-010-0295-z
PG 15
WC Biology; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine
& Medical Imaging
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Environmental
Sciences & Ecology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 628QT
UT WOS:000280136400016
PM 20508943
ER
PT J
AU Moscariello, M
Sutherland, B
AF Moscariello, Mario
Sutherland, Betsy
TI Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based system for studying clustered DNA damages
SO RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DOUBLE-STRAND-BREAK; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IONIZING-RADIATION;
EXCISION-REPAIR; CELL-CYCLE; BIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; RECOMBINATION;
SITES; LESIONS; YEAST
AB DNA-damaging agents can induce clustered lesions or multiply damaged sites (MDSs) on the same or opposing DNA strands. In the latter, attempts to repair MDS can generate closely opposed single-strand break intermediates that may convert non-lethal or mutagenic base damage into double-strand breaks (DSBs). We constructed a diploid S. cerevisiae yeast strain with a chromosomal context targeted by integrative DNA fragments carrying different damages to determine whether closely opposed base damages are converted to DSBs following the outcomes of the homologous recombination repair pathway. As a model of MDS, we studied clustered uracil DNA damages with a known location and a defined distance separating the lesions. The system we describe might well be extended to assessing the repair of MDSs with different compositions, and to most of the complex DNA lesions induced by physical and chemical agents.
C1 [Moscariello, Mario] Univ Klinikum Essen, Inst Med Strahlenbiol, D-45147 Essen, Germany.
[Moscariello, Mario; Sutherland, Betsy] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Moscariello, M (reprint author), Univ Klinikum Essen, Inst Med Strahlenbiol, Inst Grp 1,Virchowstr 171, D-45147 Essen, Germany.
EM mario.moscariello@uk-essen.de
FU Exploration Systems Mission Directorate of the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration [NNJ07HC731]; Office of Biological and
Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy [DOE: BO-089]
FX This research was supported by a Human Research Program of the
Exploration Systems Mission Directorate of the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (Grant NNJ07HC731) and Low Radiation Dose Program
of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S.
Department of Energy (Grant DOE: BO-089) to BMS. The authors gratefully
acknowledge Dr. S. Tafrov for helpful suggestions, and J. Jardine and W.
Abele for technical support.
NR 44
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0301-634X
J9 RADIAT ENVIRON BIOPH
JI Radiat. Environ. Biophys.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 49
IS 3
BP 447
EP 456
DI 10.1007/s00411-010-0303-3
PG 10
WC Biology; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine
& Medical Imaging
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Environmental
Sciences & Ecology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 628QT
UT WOS:000280136400020
PM 20552213
ER
PT J
AU Keszenman, DJ
Sutherland, BM
AF Keszenman, Deborah J.
Sutherland, Betsy M.
TI Yields of Clustered DNA Damage Induced by Charged-Particle Radiations of
Similar Kinetic Energy per Nucleon: LET Dependence in Different DNA
Microenvironments
SO RADIATION RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; RELATIVE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS; HUMAN
HEMATOPOIETIC-CELLS; ACCELERATED HEAVY-IONS; BASE-EXCISION-REPAIR;
ESCHERICHIA-COLI FPG; IONIZING-RADIATION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS;
SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY
AB To determine the linear energy transfer (LET) dependence of the biological effects of densely ionizing radiation in relation to changes in the ionization density along the track, we measured the yields and spectrum of clustered DNA damages induced by charged particles of different atomic number but similar kinetic energy per nucleon in different DNA microenvironments. Yeast DNA embedded in agarose in solutions of different free radical scavenging capacity was irradiated with 1 GeV protons, 1 GeV/nucleon oxygen ions, 980 MeV/nucleon titanium ions or 968 MeV/nucleon iron ions. The frequencies of double-strand breaks (DSBs), abasic sites and oxypurine clusters were quantified. The total DNA damage yields per absorbed dose induced in non-radioquenching solution decreased with LET, with minor variations in radioquenching conditions being detected. However, the total damage yields per particle fluence increased with LET in both conditions, indicating a higher efficiency per particle to induce clustered DNA damages. The yields of DSBs and non-DSB clusters as well as the damage spectra varied with LET and DNA milieu, suggesting the involvement of more than one mechanism in the formation of the different types of clustered damages. (C) 2010 by Radiation Research Society
C1 [Keszenman, Deborah J.; Sutherland, Betsy M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Keszenman, DJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, 50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM keszenman@bnl.gov
FU NASA [NNJ07HC731]; DOE [DEAC 02-98CH10886 (BO-086)]; NSBRI
FX We thank Dr. John Sutherland, Denise Monteleone and John Trunk for use
of ImageSystem, Jim Jardine and William Abele for their technical
assistance, and Paula Bennett for her very helpful discussions. We also
thank Dr. Carl Anderson for his critical reading of the manuscript, Drs.
Adam Rusek, Michael Sivertz and I Hung Chiang (NSRL Physics) for
dosimetry and untiring help, and Keith Thompson for statistical analysis
of the data. This research was supported by Human Research Program of
the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate of NASA to BMS (NNJ07HC731,
Low Radiation Dose Program of DOE [DEAC 02-98CH10886 (BO-086)], and the
Human Research Program of the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate of
NASA to BMS, and NSBRI (PI, A. Gewirtz; Co-PI, BMS).
NR 50
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 2
PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0033-7587
J9 RADIAT RES
JI Radiat. Res.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 174
IS 2
BP 238
EP 250
DI 10.1667/RR2093.1
PG 13
WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology,
Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 639OM
UT WOS:000280984100012
PM 20681790
ER
PT J
AU Halzen, F
Klein, SR
AF Halzen, Francis
Klein, Spencer R.
TI Invited Review Article: IceCube: An instrument for neutrino astronomy
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Review
ID HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS; GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; COSMIC-RAYS; ANTARCTIC ICE;
GLACIAL ICE; SOUTH-POLE; DETECTOR; AMANDA; DEEP; TELESCOPE
AB Neutrino astronomy beyond the Sun was first imagined in the late 1950s; by the 1970s, it was realized that kilometer-scale neutrino detectors were required. The first such instrument, IceCube, is near completion and taking data. The IceCube project transforms 1 km(3) of deep and ultratransparent Antarctic ice into a particle detector. A total of 5160 optical sensors is embedded into a gigaton of Antarctic ice to detect the Cherenkov light emitted by secondary particles produced when neutrinos interact with nuclei in the ice. Each optical sensor is a complete data acquisition system including a phototube, digitization electronics, control and trigger systems, and light-emitting diodes for calibration. The light patterns reveal the type (flavor) of neutrino interaction and the energy and direction of the neutrino, making neutrino astronomy possible. The scientific missions of IceCube include such varied tasks as the search for sources of cosmic rays, the observation of galactic supernova explosions, the search for dark matter, and the study of the neutrinos themselves. These reach energies well beyond those produced with accelerator beams. The outline of this review is as follows: neutrino astronomy and kilometer-scale detectors, high-energy neutrino telescopes: methodologies of neutrino detection, IceCube hardware, high-energy neutrino telescopes: beyond astronomy, and future projects. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3480478]
C1 [Halzen, Francis] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Klein, Spencer R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Klein, Spencer R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Halzen, F (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
FU National Science Foundation [0653266, OPP-0236449, PHY-0354776];
Department of Energy [DE-AC-76SF-00098]
FX We thank our IceCube collaborators for numerous discussions on neutrino
physics. We thank Evelyn Malkus and Kim Krieger for helping with
graphics and proofreading and Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez for the event
displays in Fig. 22. This work was funded in part by the National
Science Foundation under Grant Nos. 0653266, OPP-0236449, and
PHY-0354776 and by the Department of Energy under Contract No.
DE-AC-76SF-00098.
NR 141
TC 97
Z9 97
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 8
AR 081101
DI 10.1063/1.3480478
PG 24
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 651DZ
UT WOS:000281906100001
PM 20815596
ER
PT J
AU Suggit, M
Kimminau, G
Hawreliak, J
Remington, B
Park, N
Wark, J
AF Suggit, Matthew
Kimminau, Giles
Hawreliak, James
Remington, Bruce
Park, Nigel
Wark, Justin
TI Nanosecond x-ray Laue diffraction apparatus suitable for laser shock
compression experiments
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
ID PHASE-TRANSITION; SILICON; CRYSTALS
AB We have used nanosecond bursts of x-rays emitted from a laser-produced plasma, comprised of a mixture of mid-Z elements, to produce a quasiwhite-light spectrum suitable for performing Laue diffraction from single crystals. The laser-produced plasma emits x-rays ranging in energy from 3 to in excess of 10 keV, and is sufficiently bright for single shot nanosecond diffraction patterns to be recorded. The geometry is suitable for the study of laser-shocked crystals, and single-shot diffraction patterns from both unshocked and shocked silicon crystals are presented. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3455211]
C1 [Suggit, Matthew; Kimminau, Giles; Wark, Justin] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.
[Hawreliak, James; Remington, Bruce] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Park, Nigel] AWE, Mat Modelling Grp, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England.
RP Suggit, M (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.
EM matthew.suggit@physics.ox.ac.uk
FU LLNL [B566832]; LLNL LDRD [09-SI-010]
FX The authors would like to thank the Target Fabrication group at the
Central Laser Facility for producing the mixed metal foil. M. S. is
grateful for support from AWE, Aldermaston and to Andrew Higginbotham
for helpful discussions. G. K. is grateful for partial support from LLNL
under Sub-contract No. B566832. We would also like to acknowledge LLNL
LDRD Grant No. 09-SI-010 for partial support.
NR 23
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 13
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 8
AR 083902
DI 10.1063/1.3455211
PG 4
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 651DZ
UT WOS:000281906100019
PM 20815613
ER
PT J
AU Whaley, JA
McDaniel, AH
El Gabaly, F
Farrow, RL
Grass, ME
Hussain, Z
Liu, Z
Linne, MA
Bluhm, H
McCarty, KF
AF Whaley, Josh A.
McDaniel, Anthony H.
El Gabaly, Farid
Farrow, Roger L.
Grass, Michael E.
Hussain, Zahid
Liu, Zhi
Linne, Mark A.
Bluhm, Hendrik
McCarty, Kevin F.
TI Note: Fixture for characterizing electrochemical devices in-operando in
traditional vacuum systems
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
ID SITU; SPECTROSCOPY
AB We describe a fixture that allows electrochemical devices to be studied under electrical bias in the type of vacuum systems commonly used in surface science. Three spring-loaded probes provide independent contacts for device operation and the characterization in vacuum or under in situ conditions with reactive gases. We document the robustness of the electrical contacts over large temperature changes and their reliability for conventional electrochemical measurements such as impedance spectroscopy. The optical access provided to the device enables the analysis by many techniques, as we demonstrate using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to measure local electrical potentials on a solid-oxide electrolyte device operating at high temperature in near-ambient pressure. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3479384]
C1 [Whaley, Josh A.; McDaniel, Anthony H.; El Gabaly, Farid; Farrow, Roger L.; Linne, Mark A.; McCarty, Kevin F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Grass, Michael E.; Hussain, Zahid; Liu, Zhi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Bluhm, Hendrik] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Whaley, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RI McCarty, Kevin/F-9368-2012; Liu, Zhi/B-3642-2009
OI McCarty, Kevin/0000-0002-8601-079X; Liu, Zhi/0000-0002-8973-6561
FU U.S. Department of Energy through the Sandia Laboratory
[DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy through the
Sandia Laboratory Directed Research and Development program under
Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. The Advanced Light Source is supported
by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of
the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 19
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 2
U2 24
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
EI 1089-7623
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 8
AR 086104
DI 10.1063/1.3479384
PG 3
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 651DZ
UT WOS:000281906100039
PM 20815633
ER
PT J
AU Berry, KE
Waghray, S
Doudna, JA
AF Berry, Katherine E.
Waghray, Shruti
Doudna, Jennifer A.
TI The HCV IRES pseudoknot positions the initiation codon on the 40S
ribosomal subunit
SO RNA-A PUBLICATION OF THE RNA SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE hepatitis C virus (HCV); internal ribosome entry site (IRES);
pseudoknot; RNA structure; translation initiation; initiation codon
ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; SWINE-FEVER VIRUS; 5' NONTRANSLATED REGIONS;
TRANSLATION INITIATION; ENTRY SITE; INTERNAL INITIATION; RNA PSEUDOKNOT;
MESSENGER-RNA; 80S RIBOSOME; DOMAIN-II
AB The hepatitis C virus (HCV) genomic RNA contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in its 5' untranslated region, the structure of which is essential for viral protein translation. The IRES includes a predicted pseudoknot interaction near the AUG start codon, but the results of previous studies of its structure have been conflicting. Using mutational analysis coupled with activity and functional assays, we verified the importance of pseudoknot base pairings for IRES-mediated translation and, using 35 mutants, conducted a comprehensive study of the structural tolerance and functional contributions of the pseudoknot. Ribosomal toeprinting experiments show that the entirety of the pseudoknot element positions the initiation codon in the mRNA binding cleft of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Optimal spacing between the pseudoknot and the start site AUG resembles that between the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and the initiation codon in bacterial mRNAs. Finally, we validated the HCV IRES pseudoknot as a potential drug target using antisense 2'-OMe oligonucleotides.
C1 [Berry, Katherine E.; Waghray, Shruti; Doudna, Jennifer A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Doudna, Jennifer A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Doudna, Jennifer A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Doudna, Jennifer A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Doudna, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM doudna@berkeley.edu
FU National Institutes of Health
FX We thank N. Husain for assistance with cloning, and W. Berry, C. Fraser,
and members of the Doudna laboratory for helpful discussions and
comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a Program project
grant from the National Institutes of Health and a research gift
generously provided by Gilead, Inc. ( to J.A.D.).
NR 39
TC 38
Z9 39
U1 0
U2 3
PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT
PI COLD SPRING HARBOR
PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA
SN 1355-8382
J9 RNA
JI RNA-Publ. RNA Soc.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 16
IS 8
BP 1559
EP 1569
DI 10.1261/rna.2197210
PG 11
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 624XJ
UT WOS:000279855200011
PM 20584896
ER
PT J
AU Bruno, G
Efremov, AM
Brown, DW
AF Bruno, Giovanni
Efremov, Alexander M.
Brown, Donald W.
TI Evidence for and calculation of micro-strain in porous synthetic
cordierite
SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Cordierite; Micro-strain; Neutron diffraction; Coefficient of thermal
expansion
ID THERMAL-EXPANSION; ANISOTROPY
AB Following a preceding work on cordicrite thermal expansion, high temperature neutron diffraction has allowed observation of lattice strain with temperature in extruded porous cordierite in the form of a rod. The temperature dependence of the grain micro-stress in the rod was determined from neutron diffraction data (by comparison with powder data) and from the macroscopic thermal expansion (by the integrity factor model). The two methods are in good agreement. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Bruno, Giovanni] Corning SAS, Mat, CETC, F-77210 Avon, France.
[Efremov, Alexander M.] Corning OOO, Modeling & Simulat, CSC, St Petersburg 194021, Russia.
[Brown, Donald W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Bruno, G (reprint author), Corning SAS, Mat, CETC, 7 Bis,Ave Valvins, F-77210 Avon, France.
EM brunog@corning.com
RI Bruno, Giovanni/E-2817-2013
NR 16
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1359-6462
J9 SCRIPTA MATER
JI Scr. Mater.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 63
IS 3
BP 285
EP 288
DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.04.008
PG 4
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy &
Metallurgical Engineering
GA 615HS
UT WOS:000279126000007
ER
PT J
AU Li, N
Wang, J
Huang, JY
Misra, A
Zhang, X
AF Li, Nan
Wang, J.
Huang, J. Y.
Misra, A.
Zhang, X.
TI In situ TEM observations of room temperature dislocation climb at
interfaces in nanolayered Al/Nb composites
SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
LA English
DT Article
DE in situ TEM; Dislocations; Multi layers; Climb
ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; NANOCRYSTALLINE ALUMINUM; ATOMISTIC
SIMULATIONS; METALLIC MULTILAYERS; FORMATION MECHANISM; WEAK INTERFACES;
GRAIN-BOUNDARY; AL; DEFORMATION; SCALE
AB Using in situ nanoindentation, we investigated dislocation interface interactions in Al/Nb multilayers. Preferential storage of dislocations at interfaces, as opposed to within layers, was observed. Recovery of dislocations was observed to occur through climb in the interfaces. The rapid climb of dislocations is ascribed to high vacancy diffusivity and vacancy concentration in the interfaces. The vacancy formation energy at interfaces, 0.12 eV, as estimated from the experimentally measured climb rates, was found to be significantly lower than in the bulk. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc.
C1 [Li, Nan; Wang, J.; Misra, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Li, Nan; Zhang, X.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Huang, J. Y.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Wang, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM wangj6@lanl.gov; zhangx@tamu.edu
RI Li, Nan /F-8459-2010; Huang, Jianyu/C-5183-2008; Misra,
Amit/H-1087-2012; Zhang, Xinghang/H-6764-2013; Wang, Jian/F-2669-2012
OI Li, Nan /0000-0002-8248-9027; Zhang, Xinghang/0000-0002-8380-8667; Wang,
Jian/0000-0001-5130-300X
FU US Army Research Office Materials Science Division [W911NF-09-1-0223];
US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences; Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX Research at Texas A&M University is funded by the US Army Research
Office Materials Science Division under contract No. W911NF-09-1-0223.
X.Z. also acknowledges access to the Department of Energy Center for
Integrated Nanotechnologies through a user program. Research at LANL is
supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences. J.H. of the Sandia National Laboratory, operated
by Sandia Corp., a Lockheed-Martin Company, acknowledges support from
the Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. The
authors acknowledge discussions with Prof. John P. Hirth.
NR 36
TC 43
Z9 44
U1 5
U2 41
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1359-6462
J9 SCRIPTA MATER
JI Scr. Mater.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 63
IS 4
BP 363
EP 366
DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.04.005
PG 4
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy &
Metallurgical Engineering
GA 620JP
UT WOS:000279496000003
ER
PT J
AU Caballero, FG
Miller, MK
Clarke, AJ
Garcia-Mateo, C
AF Caballero, F. G.
Miller, M. K.
Clarke, A. J.
Garcia-Mateo, C.
TI Examination of carbon partitioning into austenite during tempering of
bainite
SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Bainitic steels; Tempering; Atom probe tomography; Carbon partitioning
ID FERRITE PLATES; STEEL; TRANSFORMATION; MARTENSITE
AB The redistribution of carbon after tempering of a novel nanocrystalline bainitic steel consisting of a mixture of supersaturated ferrite and retained austenite has been analyzed by atom probe tomography. No direct evidence supporting the additional carbon enrichment of austenite beyond that initially achieved during the bainite heat treatment was obtained during subsequent tempering of this high carbon, high silicon steel. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Caballero, F. G.; Garcia-Mateo, C.] CSIC, CENIM, Dept Met Phys, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
[Miller, M. K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Clarke, A. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Caballero, FG (reprint author), CSIC, CENIM, Dept Met Phys, Avda Gregorio del Amo 8, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
EM fgc@cenim.csic.es
RI CABALLERO, FRANCISCA/A-4292-2008; Garcia-Mateo, Carlos/A-7752-2008;
OI Garcia-Mateo, Carlos/0000-0002-4773-5077; Caballero,
Francisca/0000-0002-5548-7659
FU Research Fund for Coal and Steel [RFSR-CT-2008-00022]; Spanish Ministry
of Science and Innovation [MAT2007 - 63873]; Scientific User Facilities
Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy;
U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Advanced Steel Processing
and Products Research Center; National Science Foundation
Industry/University Cooperative Research Center at the Colorado School
of Mines; Inter-American Materials Collaboration Program
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Research Fund for
Coal and Steel and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for
funding this research under the contracts RFSR-CT-2008-00022 and MAT2007
- 63873, respectively. Research at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory
SHaRE User Facility was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities
Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy.
A.J. Clarke gratefully acknowledges support from Los Alamos National
Security, LLC, operator of the Los Alamos National Laboratory under
contract number DE-AC52-06NA25396 with the U.S. Department of Energy and
the Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center, a National
Science Foundation Industry/University Cooperative Research Center at
the Colorado School of Mines and the Inter-American Materials
Collaboration Program.
NR 17
TC 52
Z9 55
U1 2
U2 19
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1359-6462
J9 SCRIPTA MATER
JI Scr. Mater.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 63
IS 4
BP 442
EP 445
DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.04.049
PG 4
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy &
Metallurgical Engineering
GA 620JP
UT WOS:000279496000023
ER
PT J
AU Mueller, AD
Anselmetti, FS
Ariztegui, D
Brenner, M
Hodell, DA
Curtis, JH
Escobar, J
Gilli, A
Grzesik, DA
Guilderson, TP
Kutterolf, S
Plotze, M
AF Mueller, Andreas D.
Anselmetti, Flavio S.
Ariztegui, Daniel
Brenner, Mark
Hodell, David A.
Curtis, Jason H.
Escobar, Jaime
Gilli, Adrian
Grzesik, Dustin A.
Guilderson, Thomas P.
Kutterolf, Steffen
Ploetze, Michael
TI Late Quaternary palaeoenvironment of northern Guatemala: evidence from
deep drill cores and seismic stratigraphy of Lake Peten Itza
SO SEDIMENTOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Guatemala; lake level changes; lake sediments; palaeoclimatology; Peten
Itza; seismic stratigraphy
ID LOWLAND CENTRAL-AMERICA; MAYA LOWLANDS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE;
CLIMATE-CHANGE; ANCIENT MAYA; SOIL-EROSION; HOLOCENE; RECORD;
PLEISTOCENE; ATLANTIC
AB Long sediment cores were collected in spring 2006 from Lake Peten Itza, northern Guatemala, in water depths ranging from 30 to 150 m, as part of an International Continental Scientific Drilling Program project. The sediment records from deep water consist mainly of alternating clay, gypsum and carbonate units and, in at least two drill sites, extend back > 200 kyr. Most of the lithostratigraphic units are traceable throughout the basin along seismic reflections that serve as seismic stratigraphic boundaries and suggest that the lithostratigraphy can be used to infer regional palaeoenvironmental changes. A revised seismic stratigraphy was established on the basis of integrated lithological and seismic reflection data from the basin. From ca 200 to ca 85 ka, sediments are dominated by carbonate-clay silt, often interbedded with sandy turbidites, indicating a sediment regime dominated by detrital sedimentation in a relatively humid climate. At ca 85 ka, an exposure horizon consisting of gravels, coarse sand and terrestrial gastropods marks a lake lowstand or partial basin desiccation, indicating dry climate conditions. From ca 85 to ca 48 ka, transgressive carbonate-clay sediments, overlain by deep-water clays, suggest a lake level rise and subsequent stabilization at high stage. From ca 48 ka to present, the lithology is characterized by alternating clay and gypsum units. Gypsum deposition correlates with Heinrich Events (i.e. dry climate), whereas clay units coincide with more humid interstadials.
C1 [Mueller, Andreas D.; Gilli, Adrian] ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Anselmetti, Flavio S.] Eawag Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dept Surface Waters, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland.
[Ariztegui, Daniel] Univ Geneva, Sect Earth & Environm Sci, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
[Brenner, Mark; Curtis, Jason H.; Escobar, Jaime; Grzesik, Dustin A.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Brenner, Mark; Curtis, Jason H.; Escobar, Jaime; Grzesik, Dustin A.] Univ Florida, LUECI, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Hodell, David A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England.
[Guilderson, Thomas P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Kutterolf, Steffen] IfM Geomar, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, D-24148 Kiel, Germany.
[Ploetze, Michael] ETH, ClayLab, Inst Geotech Engn, Swiss Fed Inst Technol,Geol Inst, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
RP Mueller, AD (reprint author), ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
EM andreas.mueller@erdw.ethz.ch
RI Mueller, Andreas/D-6272-2013;
OI Mueller, Andreas/0000-0003-3513-5776; Gilli, Adrian/0000-0003-4193-2157;
Kutterolf, Steffen/0000-0002-0645-3399
FU US National Science Foundation [ATM-0502030, ATM-0502126]; International
Continental Scientific Drilling Program; Swiss National Science
Foundation and the ETH Research [TH-1/04-1]; U.S. Department of Energy;
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]
FX We thank the many people who assisted us with field work on the Lake
Peten Itza Scientific Drilling Project: Gabriela Alfaro, Jacobo
Blijdenstein, Cornelia Bronnimann, Kristina Brady, Mark Bush, Emmanuel
Chapron, Erin Endsley, Christina Gallup, Valerie Gamble, Stephanie
Girardclos, Robert Hofmann, Gerald Islebe, Jennifer Mays, Melisa Orozco,
Anders Noren, Liseth Perez, Silja Ramirez and Florian Thevenon. We are
also grateful to the numerous agencies and individuals in Guatemala who
provided assistance to the project including: Universidad del Valle,
Universidad San Carlos, Ministerio de Ambiente y Recursos Naturales,
Consejo Nacional de Areas Protegidas, Instituto de Antropologia e
Historia, Autoridad Para el Manejo y Desarrollo Sostenible de la Cuenca
del Lago Peten-Itza, Wildlife Conservation Society, Alex Arrivillaga,
Cathy Lopez, Margaret Dix, Michael Dix, Margarita Palmieri, David,
Rosita, & Kelsey Kuhn, and the staff at La Casa de Don David, Lico
Godoy, Tony Ortiz, Franz Sperisen, Luis Toruno and Julian Tesucun. We
also thank our many collaborators from University of Florida, University
of Minnesota (Minneapolis/Duluth), Geoforschungszentrum (Potsdam), Swiss
Federal Institute of Technology (Zurich), Universitede Geneve, the
personnel of DOSECC (Drilling, Observation and Sampling of the Earth's
Continental Crust), and Ruedi Baumann for help taking the X-rays,
Florence Sylvestre for help determining diatoms as well as Irene Brunner
(Eawag) for geochemical analyses. The cores are archived at LacCore
(National Lacustrine Core Repository), Department of Geology and
Geophysics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities and we thank Kristina
Brady, Amy Myrbo and Anders Noren for their assistance in core
description and curation. This project was funded by grants from the US
National Science Foundation (ATM-0502030 and ATM-0502126), the
International Continental Scientific Drilling Program, the Swiss
National Science Foundation and the ETH Research Grant TH-1/04-1.
Radiocarbon analyses were performed under the auspices of the U.S.
Department of Energy, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under
contract No. W-7405-Eng-48.
NR 46
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 10
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0037-0746
J9 SEDIMENTOLOGY
JI Sedimentology
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 57
IS 5
BP 1220
EP 1245
DI 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2009.01144.x
PG 26
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA 623TR
UT WOS:000279767900004
ER
PT J
AU Lin, YZ
Wohlberg, B
Guo, HB
AF Lin, Youzuo
Wohlberg, Brendt
Guo, Hongbin
TI UPRE method for total variation parameter selection
SO SIGNAL PROCESSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Parameter selection; Total variation regularization; Large scale
problem; Inverse problem
ID GENERALIZED CROSS-VALIDATION; POSED PROBLEMS; REGULARIZATION; ALGORITHMS
AB Total variation (TV) regularization is a popular method for solving a wide variety of inverse problems in image processing. In order to optimize the reconstructed image, it is important to choose a good regularization parameter. The unbiased predictive risk estimator (UPRE) has been shown to give a good estimate of this parameter for Tikhonov regularization. In this paper we propose an extension of the UPRE method to the TV problem. Since direct computation of the extended UPRE is impractical in the case of inverse problems such as deblurring, due to the large scale of the associated linear problem, we also propose a method which provides a good approximation of this large scale problem, while significantly reducing computational requirements. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Lin, Youzuo; Guo, Hongbin] Arizona State Univ, Sch Math & Stat Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Wohlberg, Brendt] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Lin, YZ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Math & Stat Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
EM youzuo.lin@asu.edu; brendt@lanl.gov; hguo1@asu.edu
RI Wohlberg, Brendt/M-7764-2015
OI Wohlberg, Brendt/0000-0002-4767-1843
FU U.S. Department of Energy
FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy through the
LANL/LDRD Program.
NR 25
TC 24
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-1684
J9 SIGNAL PROCESS
JI Signal Process.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 90
IS 8
BP 2546
EP 2551
DI 10.1016/j.sigpro.2010.02.025
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA 603VE
UT WOS:000278235400021
ER
PT J
AU Trcka, M
Hensen, JLM
Wetter, M
AF Trcka, Marija
Hensen, Jan L. M.
Wetter, Michael
TI Co-simulation for performance prediction of integrated building and HVAC
systems - An analysis of solution characteristics using a two-body
system
SO SIMULATION MODELLING PRACTICE AND THEORY
LA English
DT Article
DE Co-simulation; Building system performance simulation; Integrated
building simulation
AB Integrated performance simulation of buildings and heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems can help in reducing energy consumption and increasing occupant comfort. However, no single building performance simulation (BPS) tool offers sufficient capabilities and flexibilities to analyze integrated building systems and to enable rapid prototyping of innovative building and system technologies. One way to alleviate this problem is to use co-simulation to integrate different BPS tools. Co-simulation approach represents a particular case of simulation scenario where at least two simulators solve coupled differential-algebraic systems of equations and exchange data that couples these equations during the time integration.
This article analyzes how co-simulation influences consistency, stability and accuracy of the numerical approximation to the solution. Consistency and zero-stability are studied for a general class of the problem, while a detailed consistency and absolute stability analysis is given for a simple two-body problem. Since the accuracy of the numerical approximation to the solution is reduced in co-simulation, the article concludes by discussing ways for how to improve accuracy. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Trcka, Marija; Hensen, Jan L. M.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.
[Wetter, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Simulat Res Grp,Bldg Technol Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Trcka, M (reprint author), Eindhoven Univ Technol, POB 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.
EM m.trcka@tue.nl
RI Hensen, Jan/J-6100-2013
OI Hensen, Jan/0000-0002-7528-4234
FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This research was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Building Technologies of the
US Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 26
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1569-190X
J9 SIMUL MODEL PRACT TH
JI Simul. Model. Pract. Theory
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 18
IS 7
BP 957
EP 970
DI 10.1016/j.simpat.2010.02.011
PG 14
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science,
Software Engineering
SC Computer Science
GA 616TN
UT WOS:000279232800003
ER
PT J
AU Han, MG
Zhu, YM
Sasaki, K
Kato, T
Fisher, CAJ
Hirayama, T
AF Han, Myung-Geun
Zhu, Yimei
Sasaki, Katsuhiro
Kato, Takeharu
Fisher, Craig A. J.
Hirayama, Tsukasa
TI Direct measurement of electron beam induced currents in p-type silicon
SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Transmission electron microscopy; EBIC; Carrier transport; Semiconductor
ID STEADY-STATE; MICROSCOPY
AB A new method for measuring electron beam induced currents (EBICs) in p-type silicon using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) with a high-precision tungsten probe is presented. Current-voltage (I-V) curves obtained under various electron-beam illumination conditions are found to depend strongly on the current density of the incoming electron beam and the relative distance of the beam from the point of probe contact, consistent with a buildup of excess electrons around the contact. This setup provides a new experimental approach for studying minority carrier transport in semiconductors on the nanometer scale. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Han, Myung-Geun; Zhu, Yimei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Han, Myung-Geun; Kato, Takeharu; Fisher, Craig A. J.; Hirayama, Tsukasa] Japan Fine Ceram Ctr, Nanostruct Res Lab, Atsuta Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4568587, Japan.
[Sasaki, Katsuhiro] Nagoya Univ, Dept Quantum Engn, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan.
RP Han, MG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 480, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM mghan@bnl.gov
NR 9
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 14
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0038-1101
J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON
JI Solid-State Electron.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 54
IS 8
BP 777
EP 780
DI 10.1016/j.sse.2010.03.008
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics,
Condensed Matter
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 614TW
UT WOS:000279083700006
ER
PT J
AU Jin, QL
Duggan, R
Dasa, SSK
Li, F
Chen, LH
AF Jin, Qiaoling
Duggan, Ryan
Dasa, Siva S. K.
Li, Fei
Chen, Liaohai
TI Random Mitotic Activities Across Human Embryonic Stem Cell Colonies
SO STEM CELLS AND DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID SELF-RENEWAL; DIFFERENTIATION; PLURIPOTENCY; LINES; MAINTENANCE;
FIBROBLASTS; EXPRESSION; CULTURE; PROTEIN; MARKER
AB A systemic and quantitative study was performed to examine whether different levels of mitotic activities, assessed by the percentage of S-phase cells at any given time point, existed at different physical regions of human embryonic stem (hES) cell colonies at 2, 4, 6 days after cell passaging. Mitotically active cells were identified by the positive incorporation of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) within their newly synthesized DNA. Our data indicated that mitotically active cells were often distributed as clusters randomly across the colonies within the examined growth period, presumably resulting from local deposition of newly divided cells. This latter notion was further demonstrated by the confined growth of enhanced green florescence protein (EGFP) expressing cells amongst non-GFP expressing cells. Furthermore, the overall percentage of mitotically active cells remained constantly at about 50% throughout the 6-day culture period, indicating mitotic activities of hES cell cultures were time-independent under current growth conditions.
C1 [Jin, Qiaoling; Dasa, Siva S. K.; Chen, Liaohai] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA.
[Duggan, Ryan] Univ Chicago Flow Cytometry Facil, Chicago, IL USA.
[Li, Fei] Univ Illinois, Dept Pharmacol, Chicago, IL USA.
RP Jin, QL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA.
EM qjin@anl.gov; lhchen@anl.gov
FU NIH [R01 NS047719]
FX This work was supported by NIH (Grant R01 NS047719). We are greatly
thankful for the plasmid pYPL2 from Dr. Yiping Liu at University of
Wisconsin.
NR 27
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 8
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC
PI NEW ROCHELLE
PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA
SN 1547-3287
J9 STEM CELLS DEV
JI Stem Cells Dev.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 19
IS 8
BP 1241
EP 1248
DI 10.1089/scd.2009.0324
PG 8
WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Hematology; Medicine, Research &
Experimental; Transplantation
SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine;
Transplantation
GA 641WV
UT WOS:000281163000012
PM 19842916
ER
PT J
AU Ye, M
Meyer, PD
Lin, YF
Neuman, SP
AF Ye, Ming
Meyer, Philip D.
Lin, Yu-Feng
Neuman, Shlomo P.
TI Quantification of model uncertainty in environmental modeling
SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Ye, Ming] Florida State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Meyer, Philip D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Lin, Yu-Feng] Univ Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.
[Neuman, Shlomo P.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Ye, M (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
EM mye@fsu.edu
RI Ye, Ming/A-5964-2008;
OI Lin, Yu-Feng/0000-0001-6454-0901
NR 9
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 6
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1436-3240
J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A
JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 24
IS 6
SI SI
BP 807
EP 808
DI 10.1007/s00477-010-0377-0
PG 2
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences;
Statistics & Probability; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water
Resources
GA 621SX
UT WOS:000279605300001
ER
PT J
AU Diks, CGH
Vrugt, JA
AF Diks, Cees G. H.
Vrugt, Jasper A.
TI Comparison of point forecast accuracy of model averaging methods in
hydrologic applications
SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Bates-Granger weights; Bayesian model averaging; Granger-Ramanathan
weights; Mallows model averaging; Streamflow forecasting; Tensiometric
pressure head
ID OPTIMIZATION; UNCERTAINTY; SIMULATION; RUNOFF
AB Multi-model averaging is currently receiving a surge of attention in the atmospheric, hydrologic, and statistical literature to explicitly handle conceptual model uncertainty in the analysis of environmental systems and derive predictive distributions of model output. Such density forecasts are necessary to help analyze which parts of the model are well resolved, and which parts are subject to considerable uncertainty. Yet, accurate point predictors are still desired in many practical applications. In this paper, we compare a suite of different model averaging techniques by their ability to improve forecast accuracy of environmental systems. We compare equal weights averaging (EWA), Bates-Granger model averaging (BGA), averaging using Akaike's information criterion (AICA), and Bayes' Information Criterion (BICA), Bayesian model averaging (BMA), Mallows model averaging (MMA), and Granger-Ramanathan averaging (GRA) for two different hydrologic systems involving water flow through a 1950 km(2) watershed and 5 m deep vadose zone. Averaging methods with weights restricted to the multi-dimensional simplex (positive weights summing up to one) are shown to have considerably larger forecast errors than approaches with unconstrained weights. Whereas various sophisticated model averaging approaches have recently emerged in the literature, our results convincingly demonstrate the advantages of GRA for hydrologic applications. This method achieves similar performance as MMA and BMA, but is much simpler to implement and use, and computationally much less demanding.
C1 [Diks, Cees G. H.] Univ Amsterdam, Fac Econ & Business, Ctr Nonlinear Dynam Econ & Finance CenDEF, NL-1018 WB Amsterdam, Netherlands.
[Vrugt, Jasper A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Vrugt, Jasper A.] Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam IBED, NL-1018 WV Amsterdam, Netherlands.
[Vrugt, Jasper A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Henry Samueli Sch Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
RP Diks, CGH (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Fac Econ & Business, Ctr Nonlinear Dynam Econ & Finance CenDEF, Roetersstr 11, NL-1018 WB Amsterdam, Netherlands.
EM C.G.H.Diks@uva.nl; jasper@uci.edu
RI Vrugt, Jasper/C-3660-2008
FU Los Alamos National Laboratory
FX The second author is supported by a J. Robert Oppenheimer Fellowship
from the Los Alamos National Laboratory Postdoctoral Program. The
authors gratefully acknowledge Thomas Wohling, Lincoln Ventures Ltd.,
Ruakura Resears Center, Hamilton, New Zealand, for kindly providing the
tensiometric pressure head data.
NR 40
TC 40
Z9 41
U1 6
U2 37
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1436-3240
J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A
JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 24
IS 6
SI SI
BP 809
EP 820
DI 10.1007/s00477-010-0378-z
PG 12
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences;
Statistics & Probability; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water
Resources
GA 621SX
UT WOS:000279605300002
ER
PT J
AU Morales-Casique, E
Neuman, SP
Vesselinov, VV
AF Morales-Casique, Eric
Neuman, Shlomo P.
Vesselinov, Velimir V.
TI Maximum likelihood Bayesian averaging of airflow models in unsaturated
fractured tuff using Occam and variance windows
SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Bayesian model averaging; Airflow; Inverse modelling; Maximum likelihood
ID 3-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL INVERSION; CROSS-HOLE TESTS; UNCERTAINTY;
PARAMETERS; SIMULATION; AQUIFER
AB We use log permeability and porosity data obtained from single-hole pneumatic packer tests in six boreholes drilled into unsaturated fractured tuff near Superior, Arizona, to postulate, calibrate and compare five alternative variogram models (exponential, exponential with linear drift, power, truncated power based on exponential modes, and truncated power based on Gaussian modes) of these parameters based on four model selection criteria (AIC, AICc, BIC and KIC). Relying primarily on KIC and cross-validation we select the first three of these variogram models and use them to parameterize log air permeability and porosity across the site via kriging in terms of their values at selected pilot points and at some single-hole measurement locations. For each of the three variogram models we estimate log air permeabilities and porosities at the pilot points by calibrating a finite volume pressure simulator against two cross-hole pressure data sets from sixteen boreholes at the site. The traditional Occam's window approach in conjunction with AIC, AICc, BIC and KIC assigns a posterior probability of nearly 1 to the power model. A recently proposed variance window approach does the same when applied in conjunction with AIC, AICc, BIC but spreads the posterior probability more evenly among the three models when used in conjunction with KIC. We compare the abilities of individual models and MLBMA, based on both Occam and variance windows, to predict space-time pressure variations observed during two cross-hole tests other than those employed for calibration. Individual models with the largest posterior probabilities turned out to be the worst or second worst predictors of pressure in both validation cases. Some individual models predicted pressures more accurately than did MLBMA. MLBMA was far superior to any of the individual models in one validation test and second to last in the other validation test in terms of predictive coverage and log scores.
C1 [Morales-Casique, Eric] Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, Dept Earth Sci, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Neuman, Shlomo P.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Vesselinov, Velimir V.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Morales-Casique, E (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, Dept Earth Sci, POB 80021, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands.
EM morales@geo.uu.nl
RI Morales-Casique, Eric/D-1565-2011; Vesselinov, Velimir/P-4724-2016
OI Morales-Casique, Eric/0000-0001-8481-0251; Vesselinov,
Velimir/0000-0002-6222-0530
FU U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-0407123]; U.S. Department of
Energy through a contract with Vanderbilt University under the
Consortium for Risk Evaluation
FX This work was supported jointly by U.S. National Science Foundation
Grant EAR-0407123 and the U.S. Department of Energy through a contract
with Vanderbilt University under the Consortium for Risk Evaluation with
Stakeholder Participation (CRESP) III.
NR 35
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 7
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1436-3240
EI 1436-3259
J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A
JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 24
IS 6
SI SI
BP 863
EP 880
DI 10.1007/s00477-010-0383-2
PG 18
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences;
Statistics & Probability; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water
Resources
GA 621SX
UT WOS:000279605300006
ER
PT J
AU Faybishenko, B
AF Faybishenko, Boris
TI Fuzzy-probabilistic calculations of water-balance uncertainty
SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Water balance; Uncertainty; Fuzzy-probabilistic approach; Fuzzy
calculations
ID HANFORD SITE; VADOSE ZONE; MODEL; MANAGEMENT; RECHARGE; FUSION
AB Hydrogeological systems are often characterized by imprecise, vague, inconsistent, incomplete, or subjective information, which may limit the application of conventional stochastic methods in predicting hydrogeologic conditions and associated uncertainty. Instead, predictions and uncertainty analysis can be made using uncertain input parameters expressed as probability boxes, intervals, and fuzzy numbers. The objective of this paper is to present the theory for, and a case study as an application of, the fuzzy-probabilistic approach, combining probability and possibility theory for simulating soil water balance and assessing associated uncertainty in the components of a simple water-balance equation. The application of this approach is demonstrated using calculations with the RAMAS Risk Calc code, to assess the propagation of uncertainty in calculating potential evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration, and infiltration-in a case study at the Hanford site, Washington, USA. Propagation of uncertainty into the results of water-balance calculations was evaluated by changing the types of models of uncertainty incorporated into various input parameters. The results of these fuzzy-probabilistic calculations are compared to the conventional Monte Carlo simulation approach and estimates from field observations at the Hanford site.
C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Faybishenko, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM bafaybishenko@lbl.gov
RI Faybishenko, Boris/G-3363-2015
OI Faybishenko, Boris/0000-0003-0085-8499
FU LBNL; DOE Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative; Office of Science, Office of
Biological and Environmental Remediation Sciences of the U.S. Department
of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX Critical and constructive comments of two anonymous reviewers, Stefan
Finsterle of LBNL and Ming Ye of Florida State University are very much
appreciated. Scott Ferson of Applied Biomathematics, the developer of
the RAMAS Risk Calc code, provided a number of publications related to
this software. This work was partially supported by the LBNL Laboratory
Directed Research and Development Program, the Nuclear Energy Advanced
Modeling and Simulation (NEAMS) program within the DOE Advanced Fuel
Cycle Initiative, and the Director, Office of Science, Office of
Biological and Environmental Remediation Sciences of the U.S. Department
of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 to Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory.
NR 36
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 8
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1436-3240
J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A
JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 24
IS 6
SI SI
BP 939
EP 952
DI 10.1007/s00477-010-0379-y
PG 14
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences;
Statistics & Probability; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water
Resources
GA 621SX
UT WOS:000279605300011
ER
PT J
AU Chen, Z
Maroni, VA
Miller, DJ
Li, X
Rupich, MW
Feenstra, R
AF Chen, Z.
Maroni, V. A.
Miller, D. J.
Li, X.
Rupich, M. W.
Feenstra, R.
TI Examination of through-thickness/through-time phase evolution during an
MOD-type REBCO precursor conversion using Raman microscopy
SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID METALORGANIC DEPOSITION; YBCO FILMS; MICROSTRUCTURE; RABITS
AB Through-thickness/through-time composition analyses were made on REBa(2)Cu(3)O(6+x) (REBCO) films prepared from metal-organic deposited (MOD) precursors on a RABiTS (rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrate) template. YDy(0.5)Ba(2)Cu(3)O(6+x) films were fabricated either by a single precursor coating or by two separate, equivalent precursor coatings with an intermediate decomposition. Specimens were quenched at selected times along a heat treatment profile that simulated conditions used by American Superconductor, then examined by Raman microscopy along mechanically milled slopes through the REBCO films. Upon reaching the reaction temperature T(R), the precursor initially transforms into a (Y, Dy)(2)Cu(2)O(5), CuO, Cu(2)O, and RE-Ba-F-O phase mix, and this is followed shortly by substrate level REBCO formation that propagates upwards through time. Our results indicate that (1) the single layer (SL) and double layer (DL) films (both similar to 1.2 mu m thick) react to completion at about the same rate and arrive at a similar final composition and (2) some residual Ba-Cu-O phases persist near the top of the fully reacted films. The performance of the SL film was moderately better than that of the DL film, seemingly due to better through-thickness REBCO texture as determined using x-ray diffraction.
C1 [Chen, Z.; Maroni, V. A.; Miller, D. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Li, X.; Rupich, M. W.] Amer Superconductor Corp, Devens, MA 01434 USA.
[Feenstra, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Chen, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM zchen@anl.gov
RI Chen, Zhijun/D-2871-2009
FU US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy
Reliability, Advanced Cables and Conductors Argonne National Laboratory
[DE-AC02-06CH11357]; US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity
Delivery and Energy Reliability, Advanced Cables and Conductors Oak
Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; US Department of Energy,
Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Office of Science,
Office of Basic Energy Sciences
FX Research done at the Argonne National Laboratory and the Oak Ridge
National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office
of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Advanced Cables and
Conductors, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 at the Argonne National
Laboratory and under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 at the Oak Ridge
National Laboratory. The Raman spectroscopy measurements were made at
the Argonne Center for Nanoscale Materials which is supported by the US
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences. Some of this research was carried out in the Electron
Microscopy Center at Argonne, which is also supported by the Office of
Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences.
NR 22
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 3
U2 10
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-2048
J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH
JI Supercond. Sci. Technol.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 8
AR 085006
DI 10.1088/0953-2048/23/8/085006
PG 9
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 625DH
UT WOS:000279873600008
ER
PT J
AU Somorjai, GA
Li, YM
AF Somorjai, Gabor A.
Li, Yimin
TI Selective Nanocatalysis of Organic Transformation by Metals: Concepts,
Model Systems, and Instruments
SO TOPICS IN CATALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE Catalytic selectivity; Colloid nanoparticles; Oxide metal interfaces
ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; RAY
PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; PT(111) SINGLE-CRYSTAL; HETEROGENEOUS
CATALYSIS; PYRROLE HYDROGENATION; CO OXIDATION; PLATINUM NANOCRYSTALS;
RECOVERABLE CATALYSTS; STRUCTURE SENSITIVITY
AB Monodispersed transition metal (Pt, Rh, Pd) nanoparticles (NP) in the 0.8-15 nm range have been synthesized and are being used to probe catalytic selectivity in multipath organic transformation reactions. For NP systems, the turnover rates and product distributions depend on their size, shape, oxidation states, and their composition in case of bimetallic NP systems. Dendrimer-supported platinum and rhodium NPs of less than 2 nm diameter usually have high oxidation states and can be utilized for catalytic cyclization and hydroformylation reactions which previously were produced only by homogeneous catalysis. Transition metal nanoparticles in metal core (Pt, Co)--inorganic shell (SiO(2)) structure exhibit exceptional thermal stability and are well-suited to perform catalytic reactions at high temperatures (> 400 A degrees C). Instruments developed in our laboratory permit the atomic and molecular level study of NPs under reaction conditions (SFG, ambient pressure XPS and high pressure STM). These studies indicate continuous restructuring of the metal substrate and the adsorbate molecules, changes of oxidation states with NP size and surface composition variations of bimetallic NPs with changes of reactant molecules. The facile rearrangement of NP catalysts required for catalytic turnover makes nanoparticle systems (heterogeneous, homogeneous and enzyme) excellent catalysts and provides opportunities to develop hybrid heterogeneous-homogeneous, heterogeneous-enzyme and homogeneous-enzyme catalyst systems.
C1 [Somorjai, Gabor A.; Li, Yimin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Somorjai, Gabor A.; Li, Yimin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM Somorjai@berkeley.edu
RI Li, Yimin/F-5817-2012; Li, Yimin/F-5821-2012
FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S.
Department of Energy [DE-A02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract
DE-A02-05CH11231.
NR 68
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 2
U2 49
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1022-5528
J9 TOP CATAL
JI Top. Catal.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 53
IS 13-14
BP 832
EP 847
DI 10.1007/s11244-010-9511-y
PG 16
WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 614VT
UT WOS:000279088600002
ER
PT J
AU de Jonge, N
Poirier-Demers, N
Demers, H
Peckys, DB
Drouin, D
AF de Jonge, Niels
Poirier-Demers, Nicolas
Demers, Hendrix
Peckys, Diana B.
Drouin, Dominique
TI Nanometer-resolution electron microscopy through micrometers-thick water
layers
SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE Scanning transmission electron microscopy; Gold nanoparticle; Water;
Spatial resolution; Electron probe broadening; Elastic scattering; Monte
Carlo simulation; Eukaryotic cell; Solid:liquid interface
ID SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; SPECIMENS; MOLECULES; CELLS; TOMOGRAPHY; SCATTERING;
GROWTH; STEM
AB Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) was used to image gold nanoparticles on top of and below saline water layers of several micrometers thickness. The smallest gold nanoparticles studied had diameters of 1.4 nm and were visible for a liquid thickness of up to 3.3 mu m. The imaging of gold nanoparticles below several micrometers of liquid was limited by broadening of the electron probe caused by scattering of the electron beam in the liquid. The experimental data corresponded to analytical models of the resolution and of the electron probe broadening as function of the liquid thickness. The results were also compared with Monte Carlo simulations of the STEM imaging on modeled specimens of similar geometry and composition as used for the experiments. Applications of STEM imaging in liquid can be found in cell biology, e.g., to study tagged proteins in whole eukaryotic cells in liquid and in materials science to study the interaction of solid:liquid interfaces at the nanoscale. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [de Jonge, Niels] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.
[de Jonge, Niels; Peckys, Diana B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Poirier-Demers, Nicolas; Demers, Hendrix; Drouin, Dominique] Univ Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada.
[Peckys, Diana B.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP de Jonge, N (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.
EM niels.de.jonge@vanderbilt.edu
RI Demers, Hendrix/E-9352-2011; de Jonge, Niels/B-5677-2008; Peckys,
Diana/B-4642-2015
FU Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy;
Vanderbilt University Medical Center; NIH [R01-GM081801]
FX The authors thank J. Bentley, D.C. Joy, T.E. McKnight, P. Mazur, D.W.
Piston, Protochips Inc. (NC), and Hummingbird Scientific (WA). Research
conducted at the Shared Research Equipment user facility at Oak Ridge
National Laboratory sponsored by the Division of Scientific User
Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy. Research supported by Vanderbilt
University Medical Center (for NJ), and by NIH grant R01-GM081801 (to
NJ, NPD, and HD).
NR 28
TC 68
Z9 68
U1 3
U2 55
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3991
J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY
JI Ultramicroscopy
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 110
IS 9
BP 1114
EP 1119
DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2010.04.001
PG 6
WC Microscopy
SC Microscopy
GA 645PM
UT WOS:000281475700002
PM 20542380
ER
PT J
AU Newman, BD
Breshears, DD
Gard, MO
AF Newman, Brent D.
Breshears, David D.
Gard, Marvin O.
TI Evapotranspiration Partitioning in a Semiarid Woodland: Ecohydrologic
Heterogeneity and Connectivity of Vegetation Patches
SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLAND; CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; UNSATURATED ZONE;
WATER-MOVEMENT; SOIL-MOISTURE; DRY SOILS; GRASSLAND/FOREST CONTINUUM;
ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; SUMMER PRECIPITATION; SPATIAL-PATTERN
AB Partitioning evapotranspiration into its evaporation and transpiration components is critical for understanding ecohydrologic processes in drylands. Existing partitioning estimates, however, have not adequately accounted for the heterogeneity associated with woody plant canopy patches and intercanopy patches so characteristic of dryland ecosystems. We measured water contents, stable isotopes (delta(2)H and delta(18)O), Cl(-), and NO(3)(-) from core samples collected during an intense drought in canopy and intercanopy patches in a semiarid, pinon-juniper [Pinus edulis Engelm.-Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.] woodland in northern New Mexico to assess patch-scale heterogeneity and evapotranspiration partitioning. Soil zone residencetimes based on Cl(-) ranged from 6 to 37 yr, highlighting the long time scale of percolation in these woodlands. The average NO(3)(-) concentration was nearly seventimes lower in canopy patches, indicating substantial biogeochemical heterogeneity. Average delta(2)H values from shallow soil (<0.1 m) were 11 to 17% lower in canopy patches, suggesting lower soil evaporation losses compared with intercanopy patches; however, significantly larger Cl(-) inventories in canopy patches indicate up to four to sixtimes more total evapotranspiration. Taken together, lower evaporation and greater evapotranspiration suggest that canopy patches have substantially larger transpiration rates and lower evaporation/transpiration ratios than intercanopy patches. Our results support a basic but untested conceptual model of patch connectivity where woody plants utilize substantial amounts of intercanopy water that has been redistributed from intercanopy to canopy patches via hydraulic gradients created by root uptake-a finding not generally modeled but potentially relevant to globally extensive patchy-structured drylands.
C1 [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Dep Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Newman, Brent D.; Gard, Marvin O.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Newman, BD (reprint author), IAEA, Isotope Hydrol Sect, POB 100,Wagrammer Str 5, A-1400 Vienna, Austria.
EM b.newman@iaea.org
FU Los Alamos National Laboratory; NSF [NSF EAR-0724958]; DOE NICCR
(Western Region) [DE-FCO2-O6ER64159]; Arizona Agricultural Experiment
Station
FX We thank Andy Campbell, Dale Counce, Sean French, Mel Garcia, Emily
Kluk, Andi Kron, Darin J. Law, J. Leo Martinez, Johnny Salazar, and
Tracy Schofield for their work and contributions. We also thank
Associate Editor Ron Ryel and two anonymous reviewers for their
comments. This research was supported by the Material Disposal Area G
Performance Assessment at Los Alamos National Laboratory. DDB was
supported by the NSF Critical Zone Observatory (NSF EAR-0724958), DOE
NICCR (Western Region; DE-FCO2-O6ER64159), and Arizona Agricultural
Experiment Station.
NR 66
TC 25
Z9 28
U1 6
U2 53
PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 1539-1663
J9 VADOSE ZONE J
JI Vadose Zone J.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 9
IS 3
BP 561
EP 572
DI 10.2136/vzj2009.0035
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources
GA 678FE
UT WOS:000284058700006
ER
PT J
AU Wang, L
Wu, JQ
Hull, LC
Schafer, AL
AF Wang, Li
Wu, Joan Q.
Hull, Laurence C.
Schafer, Annette L.
TI Modeling Reactive Transport of Strontium-90 in a Heterogeneous, Variably
Saturated Subsurface
SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID STRONTIUM DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS; VADOSE ZONE; HYDRAULIC
CONDUCTIVITY; SURFICIAL SEDIMENT; IDAHO; ADSORPTION; SITE; FLOW
AB Sodium-bearing waste (SBW) containing high concentration of Sr-90 was accidentally released to the vadose zone at the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, in 1972. To investigate the transport and fate of the 90Sr through this 137-m-thick, heterogeneous, variably saturated subsurface, we conducted a two-dimensional numerical modeling using TOUGHREACT under different assumed scenarios (low permeability of an entire interbed or just its surface) for the formation of perched water whose presence reflects the unique characteristics of the geologic materials and stratification at the study site. The results showed that different mechanisms could lead to different flow geometries. The assumption of low permeability for the entire interbed led to the largest saturated zone area and the longest water traveltime (55 vs. 43 or 44 yr in other scenarios) from the SBW leakage to the ground-water table. Simulated water traveltime from different locations on the land surface to the groundwater aquifer varied from <30 to >80 yr. The results also indicated that different mechanisms may lead to differences in the peak and traveltime of a small mobile fraction of Sr. The effective distribution coefficient and retardation factor for Sr2+ would change more than an order of magnitude for the same material during the 200-yr simulation period because of large changes in the concentrations of Sr2+ and competing ions. Understanding the migration rate of the mobile Sr2+ is necessary for designing long-term monitoring programs to detect it.
C1 [Wang, Li; Wu, Joan Q.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Multiphase Environm Res, Dep Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
[Hull, Laurence C.; Schafer, Annette L.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
RP Wang, L (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Ctr Multiphase Environm Res, Dep Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
EM liwang@wsu.edu
FU Inland Northwest Research Alliance; Washington State University
FX This research was partially funded by the Inland Northwest Research
Alliance and Washington State University. We thank Dr. Karsten Pruess,
Dr. Tianfu Xu, and Dr. Jerry Fairley for their valuable comments and
suggestions on using TOUGHREACT, Dr. Markus Flury for the clarifications
of several key issues on vadose zone water flow and solute transport,
Dr. Hanxue Qiu and Mr. Limin Yang for their helpful discussions during
this study, and Mr. Roger Nelson for his technical support in scientific
computing.
NR 32
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 7
PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 1539-1663
J9 VADOSE ZONE J
JI Vadose Zone J.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 9
IS 3
BP 670
EP 685
DI 10.2136/vzj2009.0096
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources
GA 678FE
UT WOS:000284058700016
ER
PT J
AU Zhong, LR
Szecsody, JE
Zhang, F
Mattigod, SV
AF Zhong, Lirong
Szecsody, Jim E.
Zhang, Fred
Mattigod, Shas V.
TI Foam Delivery of Amendments for Vadose Zone Remediation: Propagation
Performance in Unsaturated Sediments
SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID ENHANCED OIL-RECOVERY; POROUS-MEDIA; SURFACTANT FOAM; CONTAMINATED SOIL;
FLOW; MICROMODEL; PRESSURE; MOBILITY; SWEEP; SIZE
AB Foam delivery of remedial amendments is potentially useful for vadose zone remediation because aqueous amendments are delivered while a low water content is maintained in the treated zones. The transport behavior of foam in the vadose zone has not been well studied. Benchtop-scale column tests were conducted to investigate foam transport, foaming gas and liquid propagation, pressure buildup and distribution, the influence of foam quality and sediment permeability on foam injection pressure, and liquid uptake and distribution during foam flow in unsaturated sediments. Results indicated that under unsaturated conditions, the foaming gas front traveled much faster than the foam front where bubble rupture was significant. A liquid front was formed ahead of the foam flow front. The accumulated liquid in this front was mainly composed of the water injected with the foam. The foam injection pressure was primarily attributed to the resistance to foam flow by the sediment but not to the movement of the water ahead of the foam front. The foam had a high effective viscosity compared with water. A near-linear pressure distribution within the foam-occupied column section was observed. At a fixed injection rate, higher foam quality resulted in lower injection pressure. Higher permeability sediments did not necessarily have a lower foam injection pressure because other factors, such as the foam injection rate, foam bubble diameter, and sediment pore size, also influenced the pressure. In the foam flushed region, the liquid uptake and water content distribution in the sediment was negligibly affected by the initial water content and the foam injection rate within the ranges tested in this study. The implications of these findings to field remediation application were considered.
C1 [Zhong, Lirong; Szecsody, Jim E.; Zhang, Fred; Mattigod, Shas V.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
RP Zhong, LR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
EM lirong.zhong@pnl.gov
OI Zhang, Fred/0000-0001-8676-6426
FU USDOE's Environment Management (EM); Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory (PNNL) Laboratory
FX Support for this research was provided by the USDOE's Environment
Management (EM) EM-32 program and the Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory (PNNL) Laboratory-Directed Research and Development program.
Support for this research from Dr. D.M. Wellman and Dr. E.M. Pierce at
PNNL is highly appreciated. The PNNL is operated by Battelle for the
USDOE.
NR 39
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 3
U2 13
PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 1539-1663
J9 VADOSE ZONE J
JI Vadose Zone J.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 9
IS 3
BP 757
EP 767
DI 10.2136/vzj2010.0007
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources
GA 678FE
UT WOS:000284058700023
ER
PT J
AU Badireddy, AR
Chellam, S
Gassman, PL
Engelhard, MH
Lea, AS
Rosso, KM
AF Badireddy, Appala R.
Chellam, Shankararaman
Gassman, Paul L.
Engelhard, Mark H.
Lea, Alan S.
Rosso, Kevin M.
TI Role of extracellular polymeric substances in bioflocculation of
activated sludge microorganisms under glucose-controlled conditions
SO WATER RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Extracellular polymeric substances; Wastewater treatment; Activated
sludge; Biofilms
ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY;
PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; BACTERIAL ADHESION; FTIR-SPECTROSCOPY;
BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SURFACE; EXOPOLYMERS; FLOCS
AB Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secreted by suspended cultures of microorganisms from an activated sludge plant in the presence of glucose were characterized in detail using colorimetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. EPS produced by the multi-species community were similar to literature reports of pure cultures in terms of functionalities with respect to C and O but differed subtly in terms of N and P. Hence, it appears that EPS produced by different microorganisms maybe homologous in major chemical constituents but may differ in minor components such as lipids and phosphodiesters. The role of specific EPS constituents on microbial aggregation was also determined. The weak tendency of microorganisms to bioflocculate during the exponential growth phase was attributed to electrostatic repulsion when EPS concentration was low and acidic in nature (higher fraction of uronic acids to total EPS) as well as reduced polymer bridging. However, during the stationary phase, polymeric interactions overwhelmed electrostatic interactions (lower fraction of uronic acids to total EPS) resulting in improved bioflocculation. More specifically, microorganisms appeared to aggregate in the presence of protein secondary structures including aggregated strands, beta-sheets, alpha- and 3-turn helical structures. Bioflocculation was also favored by increasing O-acetylated carbohydrates and overall (C) under bar-(O,N) and O=(C) under bar -OH + O=(C) under bar -OR functionalities. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Badireddy, Appala R.; Chellam, Shankararaman] Univ Houston, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
[Chellam, Shankararaman] Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
[Gassman, Paul L.; Engelhard, Mark H.; Lea, Alan S.; Rosso, Kevin M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Chellam, S (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
EM chellam@uh.edu
RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010;
OI Lea, Alan/0000-0002-4232-1553; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812
FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0134301]; Texas Hazardous Waste
Research Center; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and
Environmental Research located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
FX We appreciate the assistance of Mr. Gurdip Hyare, Managing Engineer of
the City of Houston's Wastewater Operations Branch during activated
sludge sampling. This research has been funded by grants from the
National Science Foundation CAREER Program (CBET-0134301) and the Texas
Hazardous Waste Research Center. A portion of the research was performed
using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the
Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research
located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The contents do not
necessarily reflect the views and policies of the sponsors nor does the
mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use.
NR 53
TC 77
Z9 85
U1 13
U2 88
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0043-1354
J9 WATER RES
JI Water Res.
PD AUG
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 15
BP 4505
EP 4516
DI 10.1016/j.watres.2010.06.024
PG 12
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA 642AX
UT WOS:000281176200019
PM 20619438
ER
PT J
AU Rest, J
AF Rest, J.
TI An analytical study of gas-bubble nucleation mechanisms in uranium-alloy
nuclear fuel at high temperature
SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID FISSION-GAS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; RE-SOLUTION; IRRADIATION; GROWTH;
ATOMS; UO2
AB A multi-atom gas-bubble nucleation mechanism in uranium-alloy nuclear fuel operating in the high-temperature equilibrium gamma phase is proposed based on interpretation of measured intragranular bubble-size distribution data This model is contrasted with the conventional two-atom nucleation mechanism within the context of a mechanistic calculation of the fission-gas bubble-size distribution The results of the analysis enable the calculation of safety margins for unrestrained fuel swelling These safety margins contain an uncertainty primarily tied to uncertainties in the values of the volume and Xe diffusion coefficients (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved
C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Rest, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
FU US Department of Energy, Office of Global Threat Reduction, National
Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) [DE-AC-02-06CH11357]
FX Work supported by US Department of Energy, Office of Global Threat
Reduction, National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), under
Contract DE-AC-02-06CH11357
NR 21
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-3115
J9 J NUCL MATER
JI J. Nucl. Mater.
PD JUL 31
PY 2010
VL 402
IS 2-3
BP 179
EP 185
DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.05.022
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 633UP
UT WOS:000280532500013
ER
PT J
AU Colvin, J
Monine, MI
Gutenkunst, RN
Hlavacek, WS
Von Hoff, DD
Posner, RG
AF Colvin, Joshua
Monine, Michael I.
Gutenkunst, Ryan N.
Hlavacek, William S.
Von Hoff, Daniel D.
Posner, Richard G.
TI RuleMonkey: software for stochastic simulation of rule-based models
SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS
LA English
DT Article
ID FC-EPSILON-RI; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; COMBINATORIAL COMPLEXITY;
BIOCHEMICAL NETWORKS; EARLY EVENTS; SYSTEMS; REDUCTION; PROTEINS;
PATHWAY; SPACE
AB Background: The system-level dynamics of many molecular interactions, particularly protein-protein interactions, can be conveniently represented using reaction rules, which can be specified using model-specification languages, such as the BioNetGen language (BNGL). A set of rules implicitly defines a (bio)chemical reaction network. The reaction network implied by a set of rules is often very large, and as a result, generation of the network implied by rules tends to be computationally expensive. Moreover, the cost of many commonly used methods for simulating network dynamics is a function of network size. Together these factors have limited application of the rule-based modeling approach. Recently, several methods for simulating rule-based models have been developed that avoid the expensive step of network generation. The cost of these "network-free" simulation methods is independent of the number of reactions implied by rules. Software implementing such methods is now needed for the simulation and analysis of rule-based models of biochemical systems.
Results: Here, we present a software tool called RuleMonkey, which implements a network-free method for simulation of rule-based models that is similar to Gillespie's method. The method is suitable for rule-based models that can be encoded in BNGL, including models with rules that have global application conditions, such as rules for intramolecular association reactions. In addition, the method is rejection free, unlike other network-free methods that introduce null events, i.e., steps in the simulation procedure that do not change the state of the reaction system being simulated. We verify that RuleMonkey produces correct simulation results, and we compare its performance against DYNSTOC, another BNGL-compliant tool for network-free simulation of rule-based models. We also compare RuleMonkey against problem-specific codes implementing network-free simulation methods.
Conclusions: RuleMonkey enables the simulation of rule-based models for which the underlying reaction networks are large. It is typically faster than DYNSTOC for benchmark problems that we have examined. RuleMonkey is freely available as a stand-alone application http://public.tgen.org/rulemonkey. It is also available as a simulation engine within GetBonNie, a web-based environment for building, analyzing and sharing rule-based models.
C1 [Colvin, Joshua; Von Hoff, Daniel D.; Posner, Richard G.] Translat Genom Res Inst, Clin Translat Res Div, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA.
[Monine, Michael I.; Gutenkunst, Ryan N.; Hlavacek, William S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Monine, Michael I.; Gutenkunst, Ryan N.; Hlavacek, William S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Hlavacek, William S.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
[Posner, Richard G.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
RP Posner, RG (reprint author), Translat Genom Res Inst, Clin Translat Res Div, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA.
EM rposner@tgen.org
OI Hlavacek, William/0000-0003-4383-8711
FU National Institutes of Health [AI35997, CA109552, NS042262, GM076570];
Arizona Biomedical Research Commission; DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]
FX We thank J. Yang for helpful discussions and B. Hu for integrating
RuleMonkey into GetBonNie. This work was supported by National
Institutes of Health grants AI35997, CA109552, NS042262, GM076570; DOE
contract DE-AC52-06NA25396; and the Arizona Biomedical Research
Commission.
NR 52
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 9
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1471-2105
J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS
JI BMC Bioinformatics
PD JUL 30
PY 2010
VL 11
AR 404
DI 10.1186/1471-2105-11-404
PG 14
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
Mathematical & Computational Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
Mathematical & Computational Biology
GA 645HG
UT WOS:000281442500001
PM 20673321
ER
PT J
AU Susac, A
Ilmoniemi, RJ
Pihko, E
Ranken, D
Supek, S
AF Susac, Ana
Ilmoniemi, Risto J.
Pihko, Elina
Ranken, Doug
Supek, Selma
TI Early cortical responses are sensitive to changes in face stimuli
SO BRAIN RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Magnetoencephalography (MEG); Spatiotemporal source localization; Face
recognition; Oddball paradigm; M100
ID EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; VISUAL ODDBALL TASK; OCCIPITOTEMPORAL CORTEX;
EXTRASTRIATE CORTEX; SOURCE LOCALIZATION; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; TEMPORAL
DYNAMICS; CHANGE-BLINDNESS; BRAIN RESPONSES; INVERTED FACES
AB Face-related processing has been demonstrated already in the early evoked response around 100 ms after stimulus The aims of this study were to explore these early responses both at sensor and cortical source level and to explore to what extent they might be modulated by a change in face stimulus Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings, a visual oddball paradigm, and a semiautomated spatiotemporal source localization method were used to investigate cortical responses to changes in face stimuli Upright and inverted faces were presented in an oddball paradigm with four conditions; standards and deviants differing in emotion or identity The task in all conditions was silent counting of the target face with glasses Deviant face stimuli elicited larger MEG responses at about 100 ms than standard ones did but only for upright faces Spatiotemporal source localization up to 140 ms after stimulus revealed activation of parietal and temporal sources in addition to occipital ones, all of which demonstrated differences in locations and dynamics for standards, deviants, and targets Peak latencies of the identified cortical sources were shorter for deviants than standards, again only for upright faces Our results showed differences in cortical responses to standards and deviants that were more pronounced for upright than for inverted faces, suggesting early detection of face-related changes in visual stimulation The observed effect provides new evidence for the face sensitivity of the early neuromagnetic response around 100 ms (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved
C1 [Susac, Ana; Supek, Selma] Univ Zagreb, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
[Ilmoniemi, Risto J.] Aalto Univ, Dept Biomed Engn & Computat Sci, Espoo, Finland.
[Ilmoniemi, Risto J.; Pihko, Elina] Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Uusimaa HUSLAB, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
[Ilmoniemi, Risto J.; Pihko, Elina] Univ Helsinki, Hosp Dist Helsinki, BioMag Lab, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
[Pihko, Elina] Aalto Univ, Low Temp Lab, Brain Res Unit, Espoo, Finland.
[Ranken, Doug] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Susac, A (reprint author), Univ Zagreb, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Bijenicka 32, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
RI Ilmoniemi, Risto/E-9704-2012; Ranken, Douglas/J-4305-2012; Pihko,
Elina/J-6026-2012
OI Ilmoniemi, Risto/0000-0002-3340-2618;
FU Croatian Ministry of Science, Education, and Sport [199-1081870-1252];
National Foundation for Science, Higher Education and Technological
Development of the Republic of Croatia; Centre for International
Mobility, Finland
FX This work was supported by the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education,
and Sport (grant 199-1081870-1252), National Foundation for Science,
Higher Education and Technological Development of the Republic of
Croatia; and the Centre for International Mobility, Finland. We thank
Jussi Nurminen for his technical assistance
NR 53
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 2
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0006-8993
J9 BRAIN RES
JI Brain Res.
PD JUL 30
PY 2010
VL 1346
BP 155
EP 164
DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.05.049
PG 10
WC Neurosciences
SC Neurosciences & Neurology
GA 636PB
UT WOS:000280749200015
PM 20510886
ER
PT J
AU Adhikari, S
Ai, JH
Hebert, KR
Ho, KM
Wang, CZ
AF Adhikari, Saikat
Ai, Jiahe
Hebert, Kurt R.
Ho, K. M.
Wang, C. Z.
TI Hydrogen in aluminum during alkaline corrosion
SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
DE Hydrogen absorption; Aluminum; Corrosion; Hydrogen chemical potential;
Hydrogen diffusion
ID PALLADIUM; PERMEATION; DIFFUSION; HYDRIDE; METALS; SYSTEM; ADSORPTION;
ELECTRODE; PH
AB The thermodynamic state of hydrogen in aluminum during alkaline corrosion was investigated, using a two-compartment hydrogen permeation cell with an Al/Pd bilayer membrane. The open-circuit potential of the Pd layer in a pH 7.0 buffer solution was monitored to sense the hydrogen chemical potential, pH. At pH 12.5-13.5, the measurements established a minimum pH of 0.55 eV relative to the ideal gas reference, equivalent to a H(2) gas pressure of 5.7 GPa. Statistical mechanics calculations show that vacancy-hydrogen defects are stable in Al at this condition. A dissolution mechanism was proposed in which H at very high pH is produced by oxidation of interfacial aluminum hydride. The mechanism explains the observed rapid accumulation of H in the metal by extensive formation of vacancy-hydrogen defects. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Adhikari, Saikat; Ai, Jiahe; Hebert, Kurt R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Ho, K. M.; Wang, C. Z.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Ho, K. M.; Wang, C. Z.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
RP Hebert, KR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
EM krhebert@iastate.edu
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0605957]
FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through grant
DMR-0605957.
NR 39
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 4
U2 10
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0013-4686
J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA
JI Electrochim. Acta
PD JUL 30
PY 2010
VL 55
IS 19
BP 5326
EP 5331
DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.04.076
PG 6
WC Electrochemistry
SC Electrochemistry
GA 627DG
UT WOS:000280018800007
ER
PT J
AU Brain, DA
Baker, AH
Briggs, J
Eastwood, JP
Halekas, JS
Phan, TD
AF Brain, D. A.
Baker, A. H.
Briggs, J.
Eastwood, J. P.
Halekas, J. S.
Phan, T. -D.
TI Episodic detachment of Martian crustal magnetic fields leading to bulk
atmospheric plasma escape
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SOLAR-WIND; FLUX ROPES; MARS; VENUS; RECONNECTION; IONOSPHERE; CLOUDS
AB We present an analysis of magnetic field and supra-thermal electron measurements from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft that reveals isolated magnetic structures filled with Martian atmospheric plasma located downstream from strong crustal magnetic fields with respect to the flowing solar wind. The structures are characterized by magnetic field enhancements and rotations characteristic of magnetic flux ropes, and characteristic ionospheric electron energy distributions with angular distributions distinct from surrounding regions. These observations indicate that significant amounts of atmosphere are intermittently being carried away from Mars by a bulk removal process: the top portions of crustal field loops are stretched through interaction with the solar wind and detach via magnetic reconnection. This process occurs frequently and may account for as much as 10% of the total present-day ion escape from Mars. Citation: Brain, D. A., A. H. Baker, J. Briggs, J. P. Eastwood, J. S. Halekas, and T.-D. Phan (2010), Episodic detachment of Martian crustal magnetic fields leading to bulk atmospheric plasma escape, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L14108, doi:10.1029/2010GL043916.
C1 [Brain, D. A.; Briggs, J.; Halekas, J. S.; Phan, T. -D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Baker, A. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
[Eastwood, J. P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England.
RP Brain, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM brain@ssl.berkeley.edu; abaker@llnl.gov; jbriggs@ssl.berkeley.edu;
jonathan.eastwood@imperial.ac.uk; jazzman@ssl.berkeley.edu;
phan@ssl.berkeley.edu
OI Halekas, Jasper/0000-0001-5258-6128
FU NASA [NNX08AK95G]; U.S. Department of Energy [AC52-07NA27344
(LLNL-JRNL-413528)]; STFC
FX D.B., J.E, and J.H. were supported by NASA grant NNX08AK95G. The work of
A. B. was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy
by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract
DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-JRNL-413528). J.E. is supported by an STFC
Advanced Fellowship at ICL.
NR 19
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUL 30
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L14108
DI 10.1029/2010GL043916
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 634MC
UT WOS:000280585100006
ER
PT J
AU Nemeth, K
Challacombe, M
Van Veenendaal, M
AF Nemeth, Karoly
Challacombe, Matt
Van Veenendaal, Michel
TI The Choice of Internal Coordinates in Complex Chemical Systems
SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE geometry optimization; curvilinear internal coordinates
ID GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION; MOLECULAR GEOMETRIES; EQUILIBRIUM GEOMETRIES;
ITERATIVE SUBSPACE; DIRECT INVERSION; FORCE-CONSTANTS; DYNAMICS;
ALGORITHM
AB This article presents several considerations for the appropriate choice of internal coordinates in various complex chemical systems. The appropriate and black box recognition of internal coordinates is of fundamental importance for the extension of internal coordinate algorithms to all fields where previously Cartesian coordinates were the preferred means of geometry manipulations. Such fields range from local and global geometry optimizations to molecular dynamics as applied to a wide variety of chemical systems. We present a robust algorithm that is capable to quickly determine the appropriate choice of internal coordinates in a wide range of atomic arrangements. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 51: 2078-2086, 2010
C1 [Nemeth, Karoly; Van Veenendaal, Michel] No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA.
[Nemeth, Karoly; Van Veenendaal, Michel] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Challacombe, Matt] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Nemeth, K (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA.
EM nemeth@anl.gov
RI Nemeth, Karoly/L-7806-2014
OI Nemeth, Karoly/0000-0001-8366-1397
NR 49
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 12
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 0192-8651
J9 J COMPUT CHEM
JI J. Comput. Chem.
PD JUL 30
PY 2010
VL 31
IS 10
BP 2078
EP 2086
DI 10.1002/jcc.21494
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 620QF
UT WOS:000279513700014
PM 20087903
ER
PT J
AU Briggs, MS
Fishman, GJ
Connaughton, V
Bhat, PN
Paciesas, WS
Preece, RD
Wilson-Hodge, C
Chaplin, VL
Kippen, RM
von Kienlin, A
Meegan, CA
Bissaldi, E
Dwyer, JR
Smith, DM
Holzworth, RH
Grove, JE
Chekhtman, A
AF Briggs, M. S.
Fishman, G. J.
Connaughton, V.
Bhat, P. N.
Paciesas, W. S.
Preece, R. D.
Wilson-Hodge, C.
Chaplin, V. L.
Kippen, R. M.
von Kienlin, A.
Meegan, C. A.
Bissaldi, E.
Dwyer, J. R.
Smith, D. M.
Holzworth, R. H.
Grove, J. E.
Chekhtman, A.
TI First results on terrestrial gamma ray flashes from the Fermi Gamma-ray
Burst Monitor
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BREAKDOWN; SPACE; SPRITES; AIR
AB The Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope detected 12 intense terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) during its first year of observation. Typical maximum energies for most of the TGFs are similar to 30 MeV, with one TGF having a 38 MeV photon; two of the TGFs are softer and longer than the others. After correcting for instrumental effects, a representative bright TGF is found to have a fluence of similar to 0.7 photons cm (2). Pulses are either symmetrical or have faster risetimes than fall times; they are well fit with Gaussian or lognormal functions. The fastest risetime observed was 7 mu s, constraining the source radius to be less than about 2 km from the velocity of light. TGFs with multiple pulses separated in time have been known since their discovery; the GBM sample also includes clear cases of partially overlapping pulses. Four TGFs are associated with lightning locations from the World Wide Lightning Location Network. With the several mu s absolute time accuracy of GBM, the time order can be confidently identified: one TGF occurred before the lightning, two were simultaneous, and one TGF occurred after the lightning.
C1 [Briggs, M. S.; Connaughton, V.; Bhat, P. N.; Paciesas, W. S.; Preece, R. D.; Chaplin, V. L.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA.
[Fishman, G. J.; Wilson-Hodge, C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Sci Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
[Paciesas, W. S.; Preece, R. D.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA.
[von Kienlin, A.; Bissaldi, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany.
[Meegan, C. A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA.
[Dwyer, J. R.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA.
[Smith, D. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Holzworth, R. H.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Kippen, R. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Grove, J. E.; Chekhtman, A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Chekhtman, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
RP Briggs, MS (reprint author), Univ Alabama, CSPAR, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA.
EM michael.briggs@nasa.gov; jerry.fishman@nasa.gov; mkippen@lanl.gov;
azk@mpe.mpg.de; jdwyer@fit.edu; dsmith@scipp.ucsc.edu;
bobholz@ess.washington.edu; eric.grove@nrl.navy.mil
RI Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016;
OI Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Preece,
Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335
FU NASA, United States; DRL, Germany; NSF [ATM 0607885]
FX The Fermi GBM Collaboration acknowledges the support of NASA in the
United States and DRL in Germany. This work was supported in part by NSF
grant ATM 0607885. The authors wish to thank the World Wide Lightning
Location Network, a collaboration among over 40 universities and
institutions, for providing the lightning location data used in this
paper.
NR 39
TC 97
Z9 98
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9380
EI 2169-9402
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD JUL 30
PY 2010
VL 115
AR A07323
DI 10.1029/2009JA015242
PG 14
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 634NQ
UT WOS:000280590200004
ER
PT J
AU Uguz, AK
Massoudi, M
AF Uguz, A. Kerem
Massoudi, Mehrdad
TI Heat transfer and Couette flow of a chemically reacting non-linear fluid
SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE non-Newtonian fluids; variable viscosity; viscous dissipation;
chemically thinning fluid or chemically thickening fluid; Couette flow
ID VISCOUS DISSIPATION; GRANULAR-MATERIALS; GLOBAL STABILITY; 2ND-GRADE
FLUID; CONVECTION; RADIATION; VECTOR
AB In this paper we study the flow and heat transfer in a chemically reacting non-linear fluid between two long horizontal parallel flat plates that are at different temperatures. The top plate is sheared, whereas the bottom plate is fixed. The fluid is modeled as a generalized power-law fluid whose viscosity is also assumed to be a function of the concentration. The effects of radiation are neglected. The equations are made dimensionless and the boundary value problem is solved numerically; the velocity and temperature profiles are obtained for various dimensionless numbers. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Massoudi, Mehrdad] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA.
[Uguz, A. Kerem] Bogazici Univ, Dept Chem Engn, TR-34342 Istanbul, Turkey.
RP Massoudi, M (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POb 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA.
EM massoudi@netl.doe.gov
NR 38
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0170-4214
J9 MATH METHOD APPL SCI
JI Math. Meth. Appl. Sci.
PD JUL 30
PY 2010
VL 33
IS 11
BP 1331
EP 1341
DI 10.1002/mma.1250
PG 11
WC Mathematics, Applied
SC Mathematics
GA 627MK
UT WOS:000280043600006
ER
PT J
AU Watanabe, H
Ogawa, K
Lane, GJ
Dracoulis, GD
Byrne, AP
Nieminen, P
Kondev, FG
Carpenter, MP
Janssens, RVF
Lauritsen, T
Seweryniak, D
Zhu, S
Chowdhury, P
AF Watanabe, H.
Ogawa, K.
Lane, G. J.
Dracoulis, G. D.
Byrne, A. P.
Nieminen, P.
Kondev, F. G.
Carpenter, M. P.
Janssens, R. V. F.
Lauritsen, T.
Seweryniak, D.
Zhu, S.
Chowdhury, P.
TI MULTI-QUASIPARTICLE ISOMERS INVOLVING PROTON-PARTICLE AND NEUTRON-HOLE
CONFIGURATIONS IN I-131 AND I-133
SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Forefronts of Researches in Exotic Nuclear
Structures
CY MAR 01-04, 2010
CL Tokamachi, JAPAN
DE High spin; isomer; shell-model
AB The nuclei I-131 and I-133 have been populated in multi-nucleon transfer reactions between Xe-136 ions and various targets, and their structure investigated by time-correlated gamma-ray coincidence spectroscopy and the measurement of gamma-ray angular correlations. A 19/2(-) isomer at 1918 keV, with a half-life of 24(1) mu s, has been identified in I-131, as well as nanosecond isomers with J(pi) = 23/2(+) in both isotopes. A T-1/2 = 25(3) ns isomer at 4308 keV in I-131 is suggested to have J(pi) = (31/2(-), 33/2(-)) and is primarily attributed to the coupling of an odd proton in the d(5/2) or g(7/2) orbit with the (pi(2))(0)+(nu h(11/2)(-3)d(3/2)(-1))(15)-configuration in Te-130, responsible for the 15(-) isomer in that nucleus. The observed level properties are compared with predictions of a shell-model calculation.
C1 [Watanabe, H.; Ogawa, K.] RIKEN, Nishina Ctr, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan.
[Lane, G. J.; Dracoulis, G. D.; Byrne, A. P.; Nieminen, P.] Australian Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
[Kondev, F. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Carpenter, M. P.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Lauritsen, T.; Seweryniak, D.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Chowdhury, P.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA.
RP Watanabe, H (reprint author), RIKEN, Nishina Ctr, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan.
RI Lane, Gregory/A-7570-2011; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015;
OI Lane, Gregory/0000-0003-2244-182X; Carpenter,
Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Byrne, Aidan/0000-0002-7096-6455
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
PI SINGAPORE
PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE
SN 0217-7323
J9 MOD PHYS LETT A
JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A
PD JUL 30
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 21-23
SI SI
BP 1800
EP 1803
DI 10.1142/S0217732310000368
PG 4
WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA 627OU
UT WOS:000280050200016
ER
PT J
AU Freer, M
Ashwood, NI
Curtis, N
Malcolm, J
Munoz-Britton, T
Wheldon, C
Ziman, VA
Carter, J
Fujita, H
Usman, I
Buthelezi, Z
Fortsch, SV
Neveling, R
Perez, SM
Smit, FD
Fearick, RW
Papka, P
Swartz, JA
Brown, S
Catford, WN
Wilson, G
Bardayan, D
Pain, SD
Chipps, K
Grzywacz-Jones, K
Soic, N
Achouri, NL
AF Freer, M.
Ashwood, N. I.
Curtis, N.
Malcolm, J.
Munoz-Britton, T.
Wheldon, C.
Ziman, V. A.
Carter, J.
Fujita, H.
Usman, I.
Buthelezi, Z.
Foertsch, S. V.
Neveling, R.
Perez, S. M.
Smit, F. D.
Fearick, R. W.
Papka, P.
Swartz, J. A.
Brown, S.
Catford, W. N.
Wilson, G.
Bardayan, D.
Pain, S. D.
Chipps, K.
Grzywacz-Jones, K.
Soic, N.
Achouri, N. L.
TI CLUSTER STATES IN C-12 AND C-14
SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Forefronts of Researches in Exotic Nuclear
Structures
CY MAR 01-04, 2010
CL Tokamachi, JAPAN
DE Structure of C-12 and C-14; cluster states
ID ELECTRON SCATTERING; ALPHA; MODEL; O-16
AB The cluster structure of C-12 is explored and recent measurements of proton inelastic scattering, suggesting a 2(+) state close to 9.6 MeV are presented. Resonant scattering studies of Be-10+He-4 used to populate resonances in C-14 are briefly discussed.
C1 [Freer, M.; Ashwood, N. I.; Curtis, N.; Malcolm, J.; Munoz-Britton, T.; Wheldon, C.; Ziman, V. A.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.
[Carter, J.; Fujita, H.; Usman, I.] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa.
[Buthelezi, Z.; Foertsch, S. V.; Neveling, R.; Perez, S. M.; Smit, F. D.] iThemba LABS, ZA-7129 Somerset W, South Africa.
[Fearick, R. W.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Phys, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa.
[Papka, P.; Swartz, J. A.] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Phys, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa.
[Brown, S.; Catford, W. N.; Wilson, G.] Univ Surrey, Sch Elect & Phys Sci, Surrey GU2 7XH, England.
[Bardayan, D.; Pain, S. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Chipps, K.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
[Grzywacz-Jones, K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Soic, N.] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
[Achouri, N. L.] CNRS, IN2P3, ENSICAEN, LPC, F-14050 Caen, France.
[Achouri, N. L.] Univ Caen, F-14050 Caen, France.
RP Freer, M (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.
RI Jones, Katherine/B-8487-2011; Pain, Steven/E-1188-2011; Soic,
Neven/J-3911-2012; Wheldon, Carl/F-9203-2013; Freer, Martin/F-9379-2013;
OI Jones, Katherine/0000-0001-7335-1379; Pain, Steven/0000-0003-3081-688X;
Chipps, Kelly/0000-0003-3050-1298
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
PI SINGAPORE
PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE
SN 0217-7323
J9 MOD PHYS LETT A
JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A
PD JUL 30
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 21-23
SI SI
BP 1833
EP 1837
DI 10.1142/S0217732310000435
PG 5
WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA 627OU
UT WOS:000280050200023
ER
PT J
AU Bentley, MA
Paterson, I
Brown, JR
Taylor, MJ
Diget, CA
Adrich, P
Bazin, D
Cook, JM
Gade, A
Glasmacher, T
McDaniel, S
Ratkiewicz, A
Siwek, K
Weisshaar, D
Pritychencko, B
Lenzi, SM
AF Bentley, M. A.
Paterson, I.
Brown, J. R.
Taylor, M. J.
Diget, C. Aa.
Adrich, P.
Bazin, D.
Cook, J. M.
Gade, A.
Glasmacher, T.
McDaniel, S.
Ratkiewicz, A.
Siwek, K.
Weisshaar, D.
Pritychencko, B.
Lenzi, S. M.
TI ISOBARIC ANALOGUE STATES STUDIED IN MIRRORED FRAGMENTATION AND KNOCKOUT
REACTIONS
SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Forefronts of Researches in Exotic Nuclear
Structures
CY MAR 01-04, 2010
CL Tokamachi, JAPAN
DE Isospin symmetry; shell model; gamma-ray spectroscopy
ID SYMMETRY; SHELL
AB A Gamma-ray spectroscopic study of excited states of isobaric multiplets has been performed in recent years, with a view to gaining a quantitative understanding of energy differences between excited states in terms of a range of Coulomb and other isospin breaking phenomena. Recently, the experimental programme has been augmented by a study of isobaric analogue states of mirror nuclei populated in mirrored fragmentation reactions. In this presentation, recent results on the T=3/2 analogue states in the T(z) = +/- 3/2 mirror pair (53)Ni/(53)Mn will be summarised. In this work, further strong evidence is found for the need to include an anomalous isospin-breaking two-body matrix element for angular-momentum couplings of J=2, in addition the expected Coulomb contribution, in order to account for the experimental data.
C1 [Bentley, M. A.; Paterson, I.; Brown, J. R.; Taylor, M. J.; Diget, C. Aa.] Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
[Adrich, P.; Bazin, D.; Cook, J. M.; Gade, A.; Glasmacher, T.; McDaniel, S.; Ratkiewicz, A.; Siwek, K.; Weisshaar, D.] Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Pritychencko, B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Lenzi, S. M.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy.
[Lenzi, S. M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy.
RP Bentley, MA (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
EM mab503@york.ac.uk
RI Lenzi, Silvia/I-6750-2012; Glasmacher, Thomas/H-9673-2014; Taylor,
Michael/N-1725-2015; Diget, Christian Aaen/D-8063-2016
OI Glasmacher, Thomas/0000-0001-9436-2448; Taylor,
Michael/0000-0002-8718-3684; Diget, Christian Aaen/0000-0002-9778-8759
NR 9
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
PI SINGAPORE
PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE
SN 0217-7323
J9 MOD PHYS LETT A
JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A
PD JUL 30
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 21-23
SI SI
BP 1891
EP 1894
DI 10.1142/S0217732310000575
PG 4
WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA 627OU
UT WOS:000280050200037
ER
PT J
AU Duguet, T
Lesinski, T
Hebeler, K
Schwenk, A
AF Duguet, T.
Lesinski, T.
Hebeler, K.
Schwenk, A.
TI LOWEST-ORDER CONTRIBUTIONS OF CHIRAL THREE-NUCLEON INTERACTIONS TO
PAIRING PROPERTIES OF NUCLEAR GROUND STATES
SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Forefronts of Researches in Exotic Nuclear
Structures
CY MAR 01-04, 2010
CL Tokamachi, JAPAN
AB We perform a systematic study of the odd-even mass staggering generated using a pairing interaction computed at first order in low-momentum interactions. Building on previous work including the (nuclear plus Coulomb) two-nucleon interaction only, we focus here on the first-order contribution from chiral three-nucleon forces. We observe a significant repulsive effect from the three-nucleon interaction. The combined contribution from two-and three-nucleon interactions accounts for approximately 70% of the experimental pairing gaps. This leaves room for higher-order contributions to the pairing kernel and the normal self-energy that need to be computed consistently.
C1 [Duguet, T.] CEA, Ctr Saclay, IRFU Serv Phys Nucl, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Duguet, T.] Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Duguet, T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Lesinski, T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Lesinski, T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Hebeler, K.; Schwenk, A.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada.
[Schwenk, A.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch GmbH, ExtreMe Matter Inst EMMI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany.
[Schwenk, A.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
RP Duguet, T (reprint author), CEA, Ctr Saclay, IRFU Serv Phys Nucl, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
EM thomas.duguet@cea.fr; tlesinsk@utk.edu; hebeler@triumf.ca;
schwenk@physik.tu-darmstadt.de
NR 11
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
PI SINGAPORE
PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE
SN 0217-7323
EI 1793-6632
J9 MOD PHYS LETT A
JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A
PD JUL 30
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 21-23
SI SI
BP 1989
EP 1992
DI 10.1142/S0217732310000812
PG 4
WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA 627OU
UT WOS:000280050200061
ER
PT J
AU Taylor, MJ
Bentley, MA
Brown, J
Wadsworth, R
Kent, PE
Lister, CJ
Seweryniak, D
Carpenter, MP
Janssens, RVF
Zhu, S
Lauritsen, T
Anderson, LL
Johansson, E
Garrett, PE
AF Taylor, M. J.
Bentley, M. A.
Brown, J.
Wadsworth, R.
Kent, P. E.
Lister, C. J.
Seweryniak, D.
Carpenter, M. P.
Janssens, R. V. F.
Zhu, S.
Lauritsen, T.
Anderson, L-L
Johansson, E.
Garrett, P. E.
TI FIRST gamma-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND ISOSPIN SYMMETRY STUDY OF THE N = Z-2
NUCLEUS V-44
SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Forefronts of Researches in Exotic Nuclear
Structures
CY MAR 01-04, 2010
CL Tokamachi, JAPAN
DE Isospin symmetry; gamma-ray spectroscopy; mirror nuclei
ID STATES
AB Excited states in the T-z = -1 nucleus V-44 have been observed for the first time. The states have been identified through recoil-gamma-gamma coincidences and comparison with analogue states in the mirror nucleus Sc-44. Mirror energy differences have been extracted and compared to state-of-the-art fp shell-model calculations which include charge symmetry breaking forces.
C1 [Taylor, M. J.; Bentley, M. A.; Brown, J.; Wadsworth, R.; Kent, P. E.] Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
[Lister, C. J.; Seweryniak, D.; Carpenter, M. P.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Zhu, S.; Lauritsen, T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Anderson, L-L; Johansson, E.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden.
[Garrett, P. E.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada.
RP Taylor, MJ (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
EM mjt502@york.ac.uk
RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; Taylor, Michael/N-1725-2015
OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Taylor,
Michael/0000-0002-8718-3684
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
PI SINGAPORE
PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE
SN 0217-7323
J9 MOD PHYS LETT A
JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A
PD JUL 30
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 21-23
SI SI
BP 2028
EP 2029
DI 10.1142/S0217732310000988
PG 2
WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA 627OU
UT WOS:000280050200078
ER
PT J
AU Biedermann, LB
Tung, RC
Raman, A
Reifenberger, RG
Yazdanpanah, MM
Cohn, RW
AF Biedermann, Laura B.
Tung, Ryan C.
Raman, Arvind
Reifenberger, Ronald G.
Yazdanpanah, Mehdi M.
Cohn, Robert W.
TI Characterization of silver-gallium nanowires for force and mass sensing
applications
SO NANOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID NANOMECHANICAL CANTILEVER ARRAY; SYSTEMS; LIMITS; NOISE
AB We investigate the mechanical properties of cantilevered silver-gallium (Ag2Ga) nanowires using laser Doppler vibrometry. From measurements of the resonant frequencies and associated operating deflection shapes, we demonstrate that these Ag2Ga nanowires behave as ideal Euler-Bernoulli beams. Furthermore, radial asymmetries in these nanowires are detected through high resolution measurements of the vibration spectra. These crystalline nanowires possess many ideal characteristics for nanoscale force and mass sensing, including small spring constants (as low as 10(-4) N m(-1)), high frequency bandwidth with resonance frequencies in the 0.02-10 MHz range, small suspended mass (picograms), and relatively high Q-factors (similar to 2-50) under ambient conditions. We evaluate the utility of Ag2Ga nanowires for nanocantilever applications, including ultrasmall mass and high frequency bandwidth piconewton force detection.
C1 [Biedermann, Laura B.; Reifenberger, Ronald G.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Biedermann, Laura B.; Tung, Ryan C.; Raman, Arvind; Reifenberger, Ronald G.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Tung, Ryan C.; Raman, Arvind] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Yazdanpanah, Mehdi M.; Cohn, Robert W.] Univ Louisville, Nanotechnol Ctr, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.
[Yazdanpanah, Mehdi M.; Cohn, Robert W.] Univ Louisville, Electroopt Res Inst, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.
[Yazdanpanah, Mehdi M.] NaugaNeedles LLC, Louisville, KY USA.
RP Biedermann, LB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM lbieder@sandia.gov
FU Kentucky Science and Technology Corporation; NaugaNeedles LLC; Sandia
National Laboratories; Kentucky Commercialization Fund
FX The authors acknowledge helpful discussions with S Howell during the
course of this work. The Kentucky Science and Technology Corporation
supported MY and RC through a Kentucky Commercialization Fund grant and
NaugaNeedles LLC through an ICC Concept Pool award. LB was supported by
a Purdue Excellence in Science and Engineering Fellowship from Sandia
National Laboratories.
NR 29
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 18
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0957-4484
J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY
JI Nanotechnology
PD JUL 30
PY 2010
VL 21
IS 30
AR 305701
DI 10.1088/0957-4484/21/30/305701
PG 10
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Physics, Applied
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics
GA 622DG
UT WOS:000279638900014
PM 20603542
ER
PT J
AU Zhao, HB
Zhang, YY
Bradford, PD
Zhou, QA
Jia, QX
Yuan, FG
Zhu, YT
AF Zhao, Haibo
Zhang, Yingying
Bradford, Philip D.
Zhou, Qian
Jia, Quanxi
Yuan, Fuh-Gwo
Zhu, Yuntian
TI Carbon nanotube yarn strain sensors
SO NANOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID FIBERS; COMPOSITES
AB Carbon nanotube (CNT) based sensors are often fabricated by dispersi