FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Gallagher, TL Arribere, J Adkar, S Marr, H Dill, K Garnett, A Amacher, S Conboy, J AF Gallagher, Thomas L. Arribere, Joshua Adkar, Shaunak Marr, Henry Dill, Kariena Garnett, Aaron Amacher, Sharon Conboy, John TI Fox1 and Fox4 regulate muscle-specific splicing in zebrafish and are required for cardiac and skeletal muscle functions SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 69th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Developmental-Biology/Japanese-Society-of-Developmental-Biol ogists CY AUG 05-09, 2010 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Soc Dev Biol, Japanese Soc Dev Biologists C1 [Gallagher, Thomas L.; Arribere, Joshua; Adkar, Shaunak; Marr, Henry] LBNL, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Arribere, Joshua; Adkar, Shaunak; Marr, Henry; Dill, Kariena; Garnett, Aaron; Amacher, Sharon; Conboy, John] UC Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 344 IS 1 MA 269 BP 491 EP 492 DI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.05.432 PG 2 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 632LO UT WOS:000280426400300 ER PT J AU Palguta, J Schubert, G Travis, BJ AF Palguta, Jennifer Schubert, Gerald Travis, Bryan J. TI Fluid flow and chemical alteration in carbonaceous chondrite parent bodies SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE meteorites; meteorite composition; asteroids; geochemical modeling ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; AQUEOUS ALTERATION; CI CHONDRITES; TAGISH LAKE; CM; WATER; TRANSPORT; EVOLUTION; MINERALS AB Carbonaceous chondrites are a class of primitive meteorites that likely represent early solar system materials, thus providing critical insights about planetary evolution. However, evidence shows that they have undergone considerable processing. Elucidating the complex formation history of aqueously altered chondrite groups has been a principal objective of cosmochemistry. Fulfilling this objective requires understanding the nature of the water-rock interactions involved. Many current alteration models are generally founded upon an assumption of uniform alteration in a closed system. In these models, different chondrite groups must originate on separate parent bodies. Contrary to this common view, we show that chondrite data are consistent with non-uniform alteration in a convecting system so that multiple chondrite groups can form within a single body. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Palguta, Jennifer; Schubert, Gerald] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Schubert, Gerald] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Travis, Bryan J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Palguta, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jpalguta@usgs.gov; schubert@ucla.edu; bjtravis@lanl.gov FU NASA [NNX09AP29G]; LANL IGPP office FX JP and GS acknowledge support from NASA Outer Planets grant NNX09AP29G. BJT would like to thank the LANL IGPP office for partial support. NR 72 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 296 IS 3-4 BP 235 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.05.003 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 638ZJ UT WOS:000280940300007 ER PT J AU Lee, VE DePaolo, DJ Christensen, JN AF Lee, Victoria E. DePaolo, Donald J. Christensen, John N. TI Uranium-series comminution ages of continental sediments: Case study of a Pleistocene alluvial fan SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE isotope geochemistry; U-series isotopes; sediment; geochronology; Quaternary; Sierra Nevada ID SURFACE FRACTAL DIMENSION; CHEMICAL-WEATHERING RATES; ADSORPTION-ISOTHERM; POROUS MATERIALS; DECAY SERIES; RIVER; AREA; DISSOLUTION; TRANSPORT; ISOTOPES AB Obtaining quantitative information about the timescales associated with sediment transport, storage, and deposition in continental settings is important but challenging. The uranium-series comminution age method potentially provides a universal approach for direct dating of Quaternary detrital sediments, and can also provide estimates of the sediment transport and storage timescales. (The word "comminution" means "to reduce to powder," reflecting the start of the comminution age clock as reduction of lithic parent material below a critical grain size threshold of similar to 50 mu m.) To test the comminution age method as a means to date continental sediments, we applied the method to drill-core samples of the glacially-derived Kings River Fan alluvial deposits in central California. Sediments from the 45 m core have independently-estimated depositional ages of up to similar to 800 ka, based on paleomagnetism and correlations to nearby dated sediments. We characterized sequentially-leached core samples (both bulk sediment and grain size separates) for U, Nd, and Sr isotopes, grain size, surface texture, and mineralogy. In accordance with the comminution age model, where (234)U is partially lost from small sediment grains due to alpha recoil, we found that ((234)U/(238)U) activity ratios generally decrease with age, depth, and specific surface area, with depletions of up to 9% relative to radioactive equilibrium. The resulting calculated comminution ages are reasonable, although they do not exactly match age estimates from previous studies and also depend on assumptions about (234)U loss rates. The results indicate that the method may be a significant addition to the sparse set of available tools for dating detrital continental sediments, following further refinement. Improving the accuracy of the method requires more advanced models or measurements for both the recoil loss factor f(alpha) and weathering effects. We discuss several independent methods for obtaining f(alpha) on individual samples that may be useful for future studies. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Victoria E.; DePaolo, Donald J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [DePaolo, Donald J.; Christensen, John N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, VE (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. EM victoria.lee@earth.ox.ac.uk; depaolo@eps.berkeley.edu; JNChristensen@lbl.gov RI Christensen, John/D-1475-2015 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-0617744]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory UEPP; Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Shaun Brown, Evan Kha, Tom Owens, and Tim Teague for laboratory and technical assistance. Graham Fogg (UC Davis) granted access to samples from KRF core B5, and Bill Dietrich provided comments and allowed us the use of the Coulter particle sizer. We are also grateful for comments from two anonymous reviewers. Funding for this project was provided by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant EAR-0617744, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory UEPP, and an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship to V. Lee. The work was also facilitated by support from the Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. NR 61 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 296 IS 3-4 BP 244 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.05.005 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 638ZJ UT WOS:000280940300008 ER PT J AU Ogliore, RC Butterworth, AL Fakra, SC Gainsforth, Z Marcus, MA Westphal, AJ AF Ogliore, R. C. Butterworth, A. L. Fakra, S. C. Gainsforth, Z. Marcus, M. A. Westphal, A. J. TI Comparison of the oxidation state of Fe in comet 81P/Wild 2 and chondritic-porous interplanetary dust particles SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE comet 81P/Wild 2; interplanetary dust particles; XANES; Jupiter-family comets ID EARLY SOLAR-SYSTEM; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; STARDUST; MICROMETEORITES; AEROGEL; GRAINS; EXTRACTION; MINERALOGY; SEDIMENTS; CAPTURE AB The fragile structure of chondritic-porous interplanetary dust particles (CP-IDPs) and their minimal parent-body alteration have led researchers to believe these particles originate in comets rather than asteroids where aqueous and thermal alterations have occurred. The solar elemental abundances and atmospheric entry speed of CP-IDPs also suggest a cometary origin. With the return of the Stardust samples from Jupiter-family comet 81P/Wild 2, this hypothesis can be tested. We have measured the Fe oxidation state of 15 CP-IDPs and 194 Stardust fragments using a synchrotron-based x-ray microprobe. We analyzed similar to 300 ng of Wild 2 material three orders of magnitude more material than other analyses comparing Wild 2 and CP-IDPs. The Fe oxidation state of these two samples of material are >2 sigma different: the CP-IDPs are more oxidized than the Wild 2 grains. We conclude that comet Wild 2 contains material that formed at a lower oxygen fugacity than the parent-body, or parent bodies, of CP-IDPs. If all Jupiter-family comets are similar, they do not appear to be consistent with the origin of CP-IDPs. However, comets that formed from a different mix of nebular material and are more oxidized than Wild 2 could be the source of CP-IDPs. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ogliore, R. C.; Butterworth, A. L.; Gainsforth, Z.; Westphal, A. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fakra, S. C.; Marcus, M. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ogliore, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ogliore@ssl.berkeley.edu FU NASA; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors thank J. Warren and R. Bastien at Johnson Space Center for skillful extraction and mounting of the IDPs, and the reviewers for helpful comments. We thank M. Humayun for permission to publish the characterization of Simeio. This work was supported by NASA SPS and DDAP grants. We gratefully acknowledge the provision of XANES spectra of standard compounds by D. L Bond, T. Borch, B. C. Bostick, T. Buonassisi, M. Burchell, C. S. Chan, S. Fendorf, C. Hansel, M. Heuer, A. Kearsley, C. S. Kim, M. Newville, P. Nico, P. O'Day, N. Rivera, K. Ross, C. Santelli, B. Toner, and G. A. Waychunas. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 296 IS 3-4 BP 278 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.05.011 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 638ZJ UT WOS:000280940300011 ER PT J AU Saillard, M Hall, SR Audin, L Farber, DL Martinod, J Regard, V Pedoja, K Herail, G AF Saillard, M. Hall, S. R. Audin, L. Farber, D. L. Martinod, J. Regard, V. Pedoja, K. Herail, G. TI Reply to a Comment on "Non-steady long-term uplift rates and Pleistocene marine terrace development along the Andean margin of Chile (31 degrees S) inferred from Be-10 dating" by M. Saillard, SR Hall, L Audin, D.L Farber, G. Herail, J. Martinod, V. Regard, RC Finkel. F. Bondoux [Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 277 (2009) 50-63] SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID NORTH-CENTRAL CHILE; SEA-LEVEL CHANGES; NEW-ZEALAND; COASTAL UPLIFT; FORE-ARC; DEFORMATION; SUBDUCTION; LANDSCAPE; PLIOCENE; GEOLOGY C1 [Saillard, M.; Audin, L.; Martinod, J.; Regard, V.; Herail, G.] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, LMTG, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Saillard, M.; Audin, L.; Martinod, J.; Regard, V.; Herail, G.] IRD, LMTG, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Saillard, M.; Audin, L.; Martinod, J.; Regard, V.; Herail, G.] CNRS, LMTG, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Hall, S. R.; Farber, D. L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Farber, D. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Pedoja, K.] Univ Caen, CNRS, Lab Morphodynam Continentale & Cotiere, F-14000 Caen, France. RP Saillard, M (reprint author), Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, LMTG, 14 Av Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France. EM saillard@lmtg.obs-mip.fr RI Farber, Daniel/F-9237-2011; Regard, Vincent/B-2585-2010; laurence, audin/D-7727-2013; martinod, joseph/N-4238-2016 OI Regard, Vincent/0000-0002-5250-6068; laurence, audin/0000-0002-4510-479X; NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 296 IS 3-4 BP 506 EP 509 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.05.017 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 638ZJ UT WOS:000280940300036 ER PT J AU van Diepen, LTA Lilleskov, EA Pregitzer, KS Miller, RM AF van Diepen, Linda T. A. Lilleskov, Erik A. Pregitzer, Kurt S. Miller, R. Michael TI Simulated Nitrogen Deposition Causes a Decline of Intra- and Extraradical Abundance of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Changes in Microbial Community Structure in Northern Hardwood Forests SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; phospholipid fatty acid; nitrogen; mycelium; microbial community; sugar maple (Acer saccharum); forest; in-growth bags ID EXTERNAL MYCELIUM; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SOIL RESPIRATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON STORAGE; BIOMASS; FERTILIZATION; ECOSYSTEMS; PHOSPHORUS; ADDITIONS AB Increased nitrogen (N) deposition caused by human activities has altered ecosystem functioning and biodiversity. To understand the effects of altered N availability, we measured the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and the microbial community in northern hardwood forests exposed to long-term (12 years) simulated N deposition (30 kg N ha(-1) y(-1)) using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and hyphal in-growth bags. Intra- and extraradical AMF biomass and total microbial biomass were significantly decreased by simulated N deposition by 36, 41, and 24%, respectively. Both methods of extraradical AMF biomass estimation (soil PLFA 16:1 omega 5c and hyphal in-growth bags) showed comparable treatment responses, and extraradical biomass represented the majority of total (intra-plus extraradical) AMF biomass. N deposition also significantly affected the microbial community structure, leading to a 10% decrease in fungal to bacterial biomass ratios. Our observed decline in AMF and total microbial biomass together with changes in microbial community structure could have substantial impacts on the nutrient and carbon cycling within northern hardwood forest ecosystems. C1 [van Diepen, Linda T. A.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Lilleskov, Erik A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Pregitzer, Kurt S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Miller, R. Michael] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [van Diepen, Linda T. A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP van Diepen, LTA (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM lvandiep@umich.edu FU NSF [0614422, 0735116]; Ecosystem Science Center from Michigan Technological University FX We thank the NSF (Grant # 0614422 and 0735116) and the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station for their continued support of this project, and the Ecosystem Science Center from Michigan Technological University for their research grant which supported part of this project. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments on a previous version of this manuscript. Further, we are thankful to Cheryl Krol for analyzing some of the PLFA samples (Argonne National Laboratory). NR 51 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 12 U2 103 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2010 VL 13 IS 5 BP 683 EP 695 DI 10.1007/s10021-010-9347-0 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 630GC UT WOS:000280260100005 ER PT J AU Stewart, AJ AF Stewart, Arthur J. TI Science-oriented poems: an experiment in literacy SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Letter DE Science literacy; Poetry; Science AB Brief justification is provided for the idea that occasionally including a well-focused, science oriented poem in Ecotoxicology might be well received by readers. Two poems that might qualify for inclusion (Limnology Quiz and Building an Experiment) are offered to initiate the experiment. C1 Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stewart, AJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, 100 ORAU Way,POB 117,MS 6173, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM arthur.stewart@orau.org OI stewart, arthur/0000-0003-1968-5997 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD AUG PY 2010 VL 19 IS 6 BP 995 EP 996 DI 10.1007/s10646-010-0512-1 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 627UQ UT WOS:000280068900001 PM 20556508 ER PT J AU Summers, JW Gaines, KF Garvin, N Stephens, WL Cumbee, JC Mills, GL AF Summers, J. W. Gaines, K. F. Garvin, N. Stephens, W. L., Jr. Cumbee, J. C., Jr. Mills, G. L. TI Feathers as bioindicators of PCB exposure in clapper rails SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aroclor 1268; ELISA; Clapper rail; Organochlorine; LCP; PCBs ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; NONDESTRUCTIVE BIOMONITORING TOOL; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; CONTAMINATED SALT-MARSH; BIRD FEATHERS; EXTERNAL CONTAMINATION; COASTAL GEORGIA; AROCLOR 1268; SOIL AB In this study we used feathers to biomonitor exposure to the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) Aroclor 1268 congener mixture in clapper rails (Rallus longirostris). This species has been used as an indicator species of environmental damage for the LCP superfund site located in Brunswick, GA, USA which is contaminated with Aroclor 1268, a congener mixture that has been used in limited amounts elsewhere and therefore can be used as a contaminant marker. The Aroclor 1268 congener mixture, including congener profiles, were quantified in feathers using gas chromatography (GC). Concurrently, each sample was quantified for the total Aroclor 1268 congener mixture using an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and compared to the GC results to determine if ELISA was an efficient method for quantifying or qualifying PCBs in feathers. ELISA consistently quantified PCB loads over an order of magnitude lower than the GC. Based on sample replication, extraction recovery, and sample spike, it appears that GC is the more reliable method of detection and that ELISA methods may be more suitable for qualitative exposure assessment for this particular Aroclor. Moreover, since all clapper rails from the LCP site had the Aroclor 1268 congener mixture in their feathers, this experiment showed that birds were returning to the site to breed despite the adverse effects experienced by this population from the contamination revealed in previous studies. This study also supports the utility of feathers as a non-lethal mechanism by which to biomonitor PCBs in the environment. C1 [Summers, J. W.; Gaines, K. F.] Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. [Garvin, N.; Stephens, W. L., Jr.; Mills, G. L.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Cumbee, J. C., Jr.] USDA APHIS Wildlife Serv, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Gaines, KF (reprint author), Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 600 Lincoln Ave, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. EM jaysummers@hotmail.com; kfgaines@eiu.edu; ngarvin@uga.edu; cub@srel.edu; James.C.Cumbee@aphis.usda.gov; mills@srel.edu FU Department of Energy [DE-FC-09-075R22506]; Eastern Illinois University FX The Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-FC-09-075R22506) and Eastern Illinois University provided funding and access to equipment for analyses. We would like to thank Stacey Stephens and Nhilven DeChavez for their outstanding contributions in the laboratory. This manuscript benefited from the editorials of 6 anonymous reviewers. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD AUG PY 2010 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1003 EP 1011 DI 10.1007/s10646-010-0481-4 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 627UQ UT WOS:000280068900003 PM 20221687 ER PT J AU Shearing, PR Gelb, J Yi, J Lee, WK Drakopolous, M Brandon, NP AF Shearing, P. R. Gelb, J. Yi, J. Lee, W. -K. Drakopolous, M. Brandon, N. P. TI Analysis of triple phase contact in Ni-YSZ microstructures using non-destructive X-ray tomography with synchrotron radiation SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Tomography; Solid oxide fuel cell; Synchrotron ID FUEL-CELL ANODE; 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION AB Here, we demonstrate the use of X-ray absorption edge spectroscopy in conjunction with high resolution Xray nano-computed tomography to provide a comprehensive microstructural map of a Ni-YSZ electrode from a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. The experimentally derived microstructure has been used to develop a geometrical test for microstructural homogeneity. (C) 2010 Elsevier By. All rights reserved. C1 [Shearing, P. R.; Brandon, N. P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Gelb, J.] Xradia Inc, Concord, CA 94520 USA. [Yi, J.; Lee, W. -K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Drakopolous, M.] Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England. RP Brandon, NP (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM n.brandon@imperial.ac.uk FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; UK EPSRC FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Data was collected at beam-line XOR 32-ID. Paul Shearing wishes to acknowledge funding through the UK EPSRC Supergen Fuel Cell programme. NR 13 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1021 EP 1024 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2010.05.014 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 636PR UT WOS:000280751100005 ER PT J AU Greeley, J AF Greeley, Jeffrey TI Structural effects on trends in the deposition and dissolution of metal-supported metal adstructures SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Density Functional Theory; Dissolution; Deposition; Coordination number; Metallic surfaces ID UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION; OXYGEN REDUCTION; ELECTRODEPOSITION; ALLOYS; SIMULATION; EVOLUTION; SURFACES; AU(111); GROWTH; ENERGY AB A simple thermodynamic formalism is combined with Density Functional Theory calculations to determine periodic trends in the reversible deposition/dissolution potentials of admetals on a variety of transition metal substrates. For each admetal/substrate combination (81 in total), the deposition/dissolution potential shift (referenced to the corresponding potential of the admetal in its bulk, elemental form) is calculated for isolated adatoms, for timers, and for more extended kink structures. Clear periodic trends are found for the potential shifts across the space of different admetals and substrates. In addition, for the significant majority of these admetal/substrate systems, the structural effects are found to be a strong function of the local coordination number of the metal atoms, thereby verifying an important assumption that has been widely used in semiempirical models of deposition and dissolution. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Greeley, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jgreeley@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials at ANL was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We acknowledge computer time at the Laboratory Computing Resource Center (LCRC) at Argonne National Laboratory and at EMSL, a national scientific user facility located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NR 43 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 55 IS 20 BP 5545 EP 5550 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.04.055 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 632KO UT WOS:000280422800004 ER PT J AU Adhikari, S Chumbley, LS Chen, H Jean, YC Geiculescu, AC Hillier, AC Hebert, KR AF Adhikari, S. Chumbley, L. S. Chen, H. Jean, Y. C. Geiculescu, A. C. Hillier, A. C. Hebert, K. R. TI Interfacial voids in aluminum created by aqueous dissolution SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Aluminum; Corrosion; Positron annihilation; Transmission electron microscopy; Voids ID POSITRON-ANNIHILATION SPECTROSCOPY; PURE ALUMINUM; WATER-VAPOR; HYDROGEN; DEFECTS; BUBBLES; METALS AB Nanometer-scale voids in aluminum formed by aqueous room-temperature corrosion were detected and characterized by a combination of electron microscopy techniques, atomic force microscopy, and positron annihilation spectroscopy. Void-containing layers were found within 100 nm of the metal surface, containing voids of 10-20 nm width with a number density of 10(8)-10(9) cm(-2). The voids were generated continuously during dissolution. The rapid nucleation and growth of voids suggest elevated concentrations of hydrogen-vacancy defects near the dissolving surface. Using the measured void radius and thickness of the void layer, the hypothesis that voids grow by vacancy condensation led to reasonable calculated values of the diffusion coefficient, and vacancy concentrations in agreement with independent estimates. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Adhikari, S.; Hillier, A. C.; Hebert, K. R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Chumbley, L. S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA USA. [Chumbley, L. S.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Chen, H.; Jean, Y. C.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Geiculescu, A. C.] St Jude Med, CRMD, Liberty, SC 29657 USA. RP Hebert, KR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM krhebert@iastate.edu RI Hillier, Andrew/E-7495-2011 FU St. Jude Medical Corporation; National Science Foundation [DMR-0605957] FX This work was supported by St. Jude Medical Corporation and by the National Science Foundation through grant DMR-0605957. Newira Widharta prepared the sample for AFM observation. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 55 IS 20 BP 6093 EP 6100 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.05.073 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 632KO UT WOS:000280422800082 ER PT J AU VanderNoot, VA Renzi, RF Mosier, BP de Vreugde, JLV Shokair, I Haroldsen, BL AF VanderNoot, Victoria A. Renzi, Ronald F. Mosier, Bruce P. de Vreugde, James L. Van Shokair, Isaac Haroldsen, Brent L. TI Development of an integrated microfluidic instrument for unattended water-monitoring applications SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE Automated sample preparation; Chip gel electrophoresis; Integrated system; Proteins; Water monitoring ID SEPARATIONS; INDICATORS; QUALITY AB Field-deployable detection technologies in the nation's water supplies have become a high priority in recent years. The unattended water sensor is presented which employs microfluidic chip-based gel electrophoresis for monitoring proteinaceous analytes in a small integrated sensor platform. The instrument collects samples directly from a domestic water flow. The sample is then processed in an automated microfluidic module using in-house designed fittings, microfluidic pumps and valves prior to analysis via Sandia's mu ChemLab (TM) module, which couples chip-based electrophoresis separations with sensitive LIF detection. The system is controlled using LabVIEW software to analyze water samples about every 12 min. The sample preparation, detection and data analysis has all been fully automated. Pressure transducers and a positive control verify correct operation of the system, remotely. A two-color LIF detector with internal standards allows corrections to migration time to account for ambient temperature changes. The initial unattended water sensor prototype is configured to detect protein biotoxins such as ricin as a first step toward a total bioanalysis capability based on protein profiling. The system has undergone significant testing at two water utilities. The design and optimization of the sample preparation train is presented with results from both laboratory and field testing. C1 [VanderNoot, Victoria A.; Renzi, Ronald F.; de Vreugde, James L. Van; Shokair, Isaac; Haroldsen, Brent L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Mosier, Bruce P.] JHU Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. RP VanderNoot, VA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969 MS 9292, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM vavande@sandia.gov FU Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with Tenix; CH2M Hill; US DOE [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The work was funded through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with Tenix (Scott Parker and Chris Macintosh) and CH2M Hill (Pam Carlson and Greg Gates). The authors gratefully acknowledge the cooperation of the Contra Costa Water district (Contra Costa County, CA) and the City of Glendale Water Utility (Glendale, AZ) for allowing temporary installation of UWS prototypes in their respective water pumping stations. The authors also acknowledge a large team of researchers and engineers at Sandia who have contributed to this project over the years, in particular Dan Yee for his support of the electronics, Mark Claudnic for computer-aided design, Jerry Inman for his help during system testing and deployments, Marci Markel for evaluation of alternative separation methods and especially Dr. Jay West, Gary Hux and Kyle Hukari for their valuable work in the early stages of this project. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy. This work was sponsored by the US DOE under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD AUG PY 2010 VL 31 IS 15 SI SI BP 2632 EP 2640 DI 10.1002/elps.201000052 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 641FO UT WOS:000281110400021 PM 20665921 ER PT J AU Hukari, KW Patel, KD Renzi, RF West, JAA AF Hukari, Kyle W. Patel, Kamlesh D. Renzi, Ronald F. West, Jay A. A. TI An ultra-high temperature flow-through capillary device for bacterial spore lysis SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE Ethylene glycol; Microfluidics; PCR; Protein electrophoresis; Sample preparation ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; REAL-TIME PCR; CELL-LYSIS; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; BACILLUS-CEREUS; ELECTROPHORESIS; DNA; INJECTION; SYSTEM; CHIP AB Rapid and specific characterization of bacterial endospores is dependent on the ability to rupture the cell wall to enable analysis of the intracellular components. In particular, bacterial spores from the bacillus genus are inherently robust and very difficult to lyze or solubilize. Standard protocols for spore inactivation include chemical treatment, sonication, pressure, and thermal lysis. Although these protocols are effective for the inactivation of these agents, they are less well suited for sample preparation for analysis using proteomic and genomic approaches. To overcome this difficulty, we have designed a simple capillary device to perform thermal lysis of bacterial spores. Using this device, we were able to super heat (195 degrees C) an ethylene glycol lysis buffer to perform rapid flow-through rupture and solubilization of bacterial endospores. We demonstrated that the lysates from this preparation method are compatible with CGE as well as DNA amplification analysis. We further demonstrated the flow-through lysing device could be directly coupled to a miniaturized electrophoresis instrument for integrated sample preparation and analysis. In this arrangement, we were enabled to perform sample lysis, fluorescent dye labeling, and protein electrophoresis analysis of bacterial spores in less than 10 min. The described sample preparation device is rapid, simple, inexpensive, and easily integratable with various microfluidic devices. C1 [Hukari, Kyle W.; Patel, Kamlesh D.; Renzi, Ronald F.; West, Jay A. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Microfluid Res Grp, Livermore, CA USA. RP West, JAA (reprint author), Arcxis Biotechnol, 6920 Koll Ctr Pkwy, Pleasanton, CA 94566 USA. EM drjayman@gmail.com FU Department of Defense; Department of Homeland security FX The authors of this study acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with these studies. The authors thank Dr. Todd Lane and Richard Gant for the preparation of the bacterial spores. Tom Raber assisted the authors in the fabrication of the thermal lyser. Brad Aubuchan provided engineering support on the mu Chemlab system for the microchip-based capillary electrophoresis analysis. Finally, the authors thank John Brazzle for the fabrication of the microfluidic chips used in the analysis of the thermal lysates. This study was generously funded by grants from the Department of Defense and the Department of Homeland security, under the Chemical and Biological Countermeasures Program. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD AUG PY 2010 VL 31 IS 16 BP 2804 EP 2812 DI 10.1002/elps.201000176 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 648ZA UT WOS:000281732900014 PM 20737447 ER PT J AU Lund, JW AF Lund, John W. TI Direct Utilization of Geothermal Energy SO ENERGIES LA English DT Article DE direct use; spas; balneology; space heating; district heating; aquaculture; greenhouses; ground-source heat pumps; agricultural drying; industrial applications; snow melting; energy savings AB The worldwide application of geothermal energy for direct utilization is reviewed. This paper is based on the world update for direct-use presented at the World Geothermal Congress 2010 in Bali, Indonesia (WGC2010) [1] which also includes material presented at three world geothermal congresses in Italy, Japan and Turkey (WGC95, WGC2000 and WGC2005). This report is based on country update papers prepared for WGC2010 and data from other sources. Final update papers were received from 70 countries of which 66 reported some direct utilization of geothermal energy for WGC2010. Twelve additional countries were added to the list based on other sources of information. The 78 countries having direct utilization of geothermal energy, is a significant increase from the 72 reported in 2005, the 58 reported in 2000, and the 28 reported in 1995. An estimate of the installed thermal power for direct utilization at the end of 2009, reported from WGC2010 is 48,493 MWt, almost a 72 % increased over the 2005 data, growing at a compound rate of 11.4% annually with a capacity factor of 0.28. The thermal energy used is 423,830 TJ/year (117,740 GWh/yr), about a 55% increase over 2005, growing at a compound rate of 9.2% annually. The distribution of thermal energy used by category is approximately 47.2% for ground-source heat pumps, 25.8% for bathing and swimming (including balneology), 14.9% for space heating (of which 85% is for district heating), 5.5% for greenhouses and open ground heating, 2.8% for industrial process heating, 2.7% for aquaculture pond and raceway heating, 0.4% for agricultural drying, 0.5% for snow melting and cooling, and 0.2% for other uses. Energy savings amounted to 250 million barrels (38 million tonnes) of equivalent oil annually, preventing 33 million tonnes of carbon and 107 million tonnes of CO(2) being release to the atmosphere which includes savings in geothermal heat pump cooling (compared to using fuel oil to generate electricity). C1 [Lund, John W.] Oregon Inst Technol, Geoheat Ctr, Klamath Falls, OR USA. [Lund, John W.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Lund, JW (reprint author), Oregon Inst Technol, Geoheat Ctr, Klamath Falls, OR USA. EM john.lund@oit.edu NR 40 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 32 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1073 J9 ENERGIES JI Energies PD AUG PY 2010 VL 3 IS 8 BP 1443 EP 1471 DI 10.3390/en3081443 PG 29 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 644WH UT WOS:000281412000002 ER PT J AU Hasanbeigi, A Price, L Lu, HY Lan, W AF Hasanbeigi, Ali Price, Lynn Lu, Hongyou Lan, Wang TI Analysis of energy-efficiency opportunities for the cement industry in Shandong Province, China: A case study of 16 cement plants SO ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Energy-efficiency technologies; Benchmarking; Conservation supply curve; Cement industry AB In this study, 16 cement plants with New Suspension Preheater and pre-calciner (NSP) kiln were surveyed. Plant energy use was compared to both domestic (Chinese) and international best practice using the Benchmarking and Energy Saving Tool for Cement (BEST-Cement). This benchmarking exercise indicated an average technical potential primary energy savings of 12% would be possible if the surveyed plants operated at domestic best practice levels in terms of energy use per ton of cement produced. Average technical potential primary energy savings of 23% would be realized if the plants operated at international best practice levels. Then, using the bottom-up Electricity Conservation Supply Curve (ECSC) model, the cost-effective electricity efficiency potential for the 16 studied cement plants in 2008 is estimated to be 373 gigawatt-hours (GWh), and total technical electricity-saving potential is 915 GWh, which accounts for 16 and 40% of total electricity use in the studied plants in 2008, respectively. The Fuel Conservation Supply Curve (FCSC) model shows the total technical fuel efficiency potential equal to 7949 terajoules (TJ), accounting for 8% of total fuel used in the studied cement plants in 2008. All the fuel efficiency potential is shown to be cost effective. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hasanbeigi, Ali; Price, Lynn; Lu, Hongyou] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, China Energy Grp, Energy Anal Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lan, Wang] China Bldg Mat Acad, Beijing 100024, Peoples R China. RP Hasanbeigi, A (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, China Energy Grp, Energy Anal Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90R4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM AHasanbeigi@lbl.gov FU Energy Foundation through the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; World Bank FX This work was supported by the China Sustainable Energy Program of the Energy Foundation through the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Funding for LBNL collaborators was provided by the World Bank through the Asia Sustainable and Alternative Energy (ASTAE) Program. The helpful guidance provided by Liu Feng of the World Bank and He Ping of Energy Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would also like to thank Zhou Nan of LBNL for her assistance during our site visits in March 2009. We would also like to thank Zhao Xudong of the Shandong Provincial Government Energy Conservation Office and Diao Lizhang of the Shandong Energy Conservation Association for their assistance in providing information on the cement industry in Shandong Province and in obtaining detailed information from the cement plants analyzed in this paper. We would also like to thank Jai Li (consultant to the World Bank) for her inputs. We are grateful to Jing Ke, a visiting researcher at LBNL from Shandong University, for his review of our calculations and assistance with the BEST-cement tool. We greatly appreciate the helpful review and comments by Ernst Worrell of Ecofys. NR 29 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD AUG PY 2010 VL 35 IS 8 BP 3461 EP 3473 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2010.04.046 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 627CU UT WOS:000280017300036 ER PT J AU Ksepko, E Siriwardane, RV Tian, HJ Simonyi, T Sciazko, M AF Ksepko, Ewelina Siriwardane, Ranjani V. Tian, Hanjing Simonyi, Thomas Sciazko, Marek TI Comparative Investigation on Chemical Looping Combustion of Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas containing H2S over Supported NiO Oxygen Carriers SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID FLUIDIZED-BED REACTOR; METAL-OXIDES; IRON-OXIDE; REACTION-KINETICS; REDUCTION; PARTICLES; OXIDATION; NICKEL; BEHAVIOR; METHANE AB Chemical looping combustion (CLC) of simulated coal-derived synthesis gas was conducted with NiO oxygen carriers supported on SiO2, ZrO2, TiO2, and sepiolite. The effect of H2S on the performance of these samples for the CLC process was also evaluated. Five-cycle thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests at 800 degrees C indicated that all oxygen carriers had a stable performance at 800 degrees C, except NiO/SiO2. Full reduction/oxidation reactions of the oxygen carrier were obtained during the five-cycle test. It was found that support had a significant effect on reaction performance of NiO both in reduction and oxidation rates. The reduction reaction was significantly faster than the oxidation reaction for all oxygen carriers, while the oxidation reaction is fairly slow due to oxygen diffusion on NiO layers. The reaction profile was greatly affected by the presence of H2S, but there was no effect on the capacity due to the presence of H2S in synthesis gas. The presence of H2S decreased reduction reaction rates significantly, but oxidation rates of reduced samples increased. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data of the oxidized samples after a five-cycle test showed stable crystalline phases without any formation of sulfides or sulfites/sulfates. Increase in reaction temperature to 900 degrees C had a positive effect on the performance. C1 [Siriwardane, Ranjani V.; Tian, Hanjing; Simonyi, Thomas] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Ksepko, Ewelina; Sciazko, Marek] Inst Chem Proc Coal, PL-41803 Zabrze, Poland. [Tian, Hanjing; Simonyi, Thomas] URS, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Siriwardane, RV (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd,POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM ranjani.siriwardane@netl.doe.gov RI Ksepko, Ewelina/D-7806-2016 FU Polish Ministry of Education and Science [PBZ-MEiN-2/2/2006]; U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratories FX Work supported by the Polish Ministry of Education and Science, Grant No. PBZ-MEiN-2/2/2006, on a project entitled "Chemistry of perspective processes and coal conversion products" and work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratories, are greatly appreciated. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD AUG PY 2010 VL 24 BP 4206 EP 4214 DI 10.1021/ef100490m PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 640DY UT WOS:000281029700014 ER PT J AU Siriwardane, R Fisher, JC Simonyi, T AF Siriwardane, Ranjani Fisher, James C., II Simonyi, Thomas TI Regenerable Multifunctional Sorbent Development for Sulfur and Chloride Removal from Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID OXIDE SORBENTS; DESULFURIZATION AB A large number of components in coal form corrosive and toxic compounds during coal gasification processes. These contaminants have to be reduced to the parts-per-million range to use the fuel gas in an integrated gasification combined cycle. Even more stringent requirements are expected if the fuel gas is to be used in fuel cell or chemical production applications. Impurity removal may be even more cost-effective if multiple impurities can be removed in a minimum number of steps. To accomplish this goal, a regenerable sorbent capable of removing both hydrogen chloride (HCl) and hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) was investigated. The results of the thermogravimetric analyzer tests and bench-scale fixed-bed flow reactor tests conducted with the sorbent to evaluate the feasibility of both H(2)S and HCl sorption will be discussed in this paper. C1 [Siriwardane, Ranjani] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Fisher, James C., II; Simonyi, Thomas] URS Washington Div, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Siriwardane, R (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd,POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM ranjani.siriwardane@netl.doe.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD AUG PY 2010 VL 24 BP 4226 EP 4230 DI 10.1021/ef100620u PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 640DY UT WOS:000281029700016 ER PT J AU Greene, DL Boudreaux, PR Dean, DJ Fulkerson, W Gaddis, AL Graham, RL Graves, RL Hopson, JL Hughes, P Lapsa, MV Mason, TE Standaert, RF Wilbanks, TJ Zucker, A AF Greene, D. L. Boudreaux, P. R. Dean, D. J. Fulkerson, W. Gaddis, A. L. Graham, R. L. Graves, R. L. Hopson, J. L. Hughes, P. Lapsa, M. V. Mason, T. E. Standaert, R. F. Wilbanks, T. J. Zucker, A. TI The importance of advancing technology to America's energy goals SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE Energy technology; Greenhouse gas mitigation; Energy security ID SHOCKS AB A wide range of energy technologies appears to be needed for the United States to meet its energy goals. A method is developed that relates the uncertainty of technological progress in eleven technology areas to the achievement of CO(2) mitigation and reduced oil dependence. We conclude that to be confident of meeting both energy goals, each technology area must have a much better than 50/50 probability of success, that carbon capture and sequestration, biomass, battery electric or fuel cell vehicles, advanced fossil liquids, and energy efficiency technologies for buildings appear to be almost essential, and that the success of each one of the 11 technologies is important. These inferences are robust to moderate variations in assumptions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Greene, D. L.; Graves, R. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Boudreaux, P. R.; Dean, D. J.; Graham, R. L.; Hughes, P.; Lapsa, M. V.; Mason, T. E.; Standaert, R. F.; Wilbanks, T. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Fulkerson, W.] Univ Tennessee, Inst Secure & Sustainable Environm, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hopson, J. L.] Univ Tennessee, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Greene, DL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM dlgreene@ornl.gov RI Standaert, Robert/D-9467-2013; Mason, Thomas/M-5809-2014; Gaddis, Abigail/I-3085-2016; OI Standaert, Robert/0000-0002-5684-1322; Mason, Thomas/0000-0003-1880-3971; Gaddis, Abigail/0000-0001-7495-1552; Dean, David/0000-0002-5688-703X; Lapsa, Melissa/0000-0002-9978-6503 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD AUG PY 2010 VL 38 IS 8 BP 3886 EP 3890 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.03.008 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 615EY UT WOS:000279117500005 ER PT J AU Cappers, P Goldman, C AF Cappers, Peter Goldman, Charles TI Financial impact of energy efficiency under a federal combined efficiency and renewable electricity standard: Case study of a Kansas "super-utility" SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE Energy efficiency; Renewable energy; Public policy AB Historically, local, state and federal policies have separately promoted the generation of electricity from renewable technologies and the pursuit of energy efficiency to help mitigate the detrimental effects of global climate change and foster energy independence. Federal policymakers are currently considering and several states have enacted a combined efficiency and renewable electricity standard which proponents argue provides a comprehensive approach with greater flexibility and at lower cost. We examine the financial impacts on various stakeholders from alternative compliance strategies with a Combined Efficiency and Renewable Electricity Standard (CERES) using a case study approach for utilities in Kansas. Our results suggest that an investor-owned utility is likely to pursue the most lucrative compliance strategy for its shareholders-one that under-invests in energy efficiency resources. If a business model for energy efficiency inclusive of both a lost fixed cost recovery mechanism and a shareholder incentive mechanism is implemented, our analysis indicates that an investor-owned utility would be more willing to pursue energy efficiency as a lower-cost CERES compliance strategy. Absent implementing such a regulatory mechanism, separate energy efficiency and renewable portfolio standards would improve the likelihood of reducing reliance on fossil fuels at least-cost through the increased pursuit of energy efficiency. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cappers, Peter; Goldman, Charles] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cappers, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop 90R4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM PACappers@lbl.gov; CAGoldman@lbl.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD AUG PY 2010 VL 38 IS 8 BP 3998 EP 4010 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.03.024 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 615EY UT WOS:000279117500016 ER PT J AU Hu, ZG Wen, QA Wang, JH Tan, XD Nezhad, H Shan, BG Han, XY AF Hu, Zhaoguang Wen, Quan Wang, Jianhui Tan, Xiandong Nezhad, Hameed Shan, Baoguo Han, Xinyang TI Integrated resource strategic planning in China SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE IRP; IRSP; China AB Many governments around the world are focusing on emissions reduction through energy efficiency improvements, particularly on the demand side. Although Integrated Resource Planning (IRP), which considers both supply-side and demand-side options, had been a useful tool in the planning process for the power industry, its effectiveness has been challenged recently with the restructuring of the power sector that has occurred in China and elsewhere around the world. The paper proposes Integrated Resource Strategic Planning (IRSP) as an alternative to IRP in a deregulated power sector. IRSP takes the resource planning process one step further to the national level. In this paper, the authors demonstrate the tremendous potential for efficiency improvements on both the supply and demand sides of the power sector in China with IRSP. The results show that between 2009 and 2020, the potential for electricity savings will reach about 1228.5 Twh, and the potential reduction in carbon dioxide (CO(2)) emissions will be about 1020.5 million tons. Another important finding of this study is that the current market-based pricing system in China should be improved to provide sufficient incentives for pursuing energy savings on the demand side. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Jianhui] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hu, Zhaoguang; Wen, Quan; Tan, Xiandong; Shan, Baoguo; Han, Xinyang] State Grid Energy Res Inst, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China. [Nezhad, Hameed] Metropolitan State Univ, Minneapolis, MN 55403 USA. RP Wang, JH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM wangjia5@iit.edu FU Energy Foundation Beijing Office; Energy Foundation USA FX We would like to extend our appreciation to Dr. Wanxing Wang, Ms. Hong Lu from Energy Foundation Beijing Office and Dr. Jiang Lin from Energy Foundation USA for sponsoring this work. NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD AUG PY 2010 VL 38 IS 8 BP 4635 EP 4642 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.04.019 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 615EY UT WOS:000279117500078 ER PT J AU Pebay, P Shih, AM AF Pebay, Philippe Shih, Alan M. TI Guest editorial: 15th International Meshing Roundtable Special Issue SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pebay, Philippe; Shih, Alan M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Pebay, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pppebay@sandia.gov OI Pebay, Philippe/0000-0002-2311-3775 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 SI SI BP 339 EP 339 DI 10.1007/s00366-010-0185-7 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 641TR UT WOS:000281153100001 ER PT J AU Carbonera, CD Shepherd, JF AF Carbonera, Carlos D. Shepherd, Jason F. TI A constructive approach to constrained hexahedral mesh generation SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Meshing Roundtable CY SEP 17-20, 2006 CL Birmingham, AL DE Hexahedral meshing; Hexahedral theory; Mesh generation; Hexahedral proof AB Mitchell proved that a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a topological hexahedral mesh constrained to a quadrilateral mesh on the sphere is that the constraining quadrilateral mesh contains an even number of elements. Mitchell's proof depends on Smale's theorem on the regularity of curves on compact manifolds. Although the question of the existence of constrained hexahedral meshes has been solved, the known solution is not easily programmable; indeed, there are cases, such as Schneider's Pyramid, that are not easily solved. Eppstein later utilized portions of Mitchell's existence proof to demonstrate that hexahedral mesh generation has linear complexity. In this paper, we demonstrate a constructive proof to the existence theorem for the sphere, as well as assign an upper-bound to the constant of the linear term in the asymptotic complexity measure provided by Eppstein. Our construction generates 76 x n hexahedra elements within the solid where n is the number of quadrilaterals on the boundary. The construction presented is used to solve some problems posed by Schneiders and Eppstein. We will also use the results provided in this paper, in conjunction with Mitchell's Geode-Template, to create an alternative way of creating a constrained hexahedral mesh. The construction utilizing the Geode-Template requires 130 x n hexahedra, but will have fewer topological irregularities in the final mesh. C1 [Carbonera, Carlos D.] Univ Puerto Rico, Gauss Res Lab, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. [Shepherd, Jason F.] Univ Utah, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Shepherd, Jason F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Modeling Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Carbonera, CD (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Gauss Res Lab, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. EM carbonera@uprr.pr; jfsheph@sci.utah.edu NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 SI SI BP 341 EP 350 DI 10.1007/s00366-009-0168-8 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 641TR UT WOS:000281153100002 ER PT J AU Ledoux, F Shepherd, J AF Ledoux, Franck Shepherd, Jason TI Topological and geometrical properties of hexahedral meshes SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE Hexahedral mesh; Dual mesh; Arrangement of surfaces; Fundamental mesh; Minimal mesh ID GENERATION; ALGORITHM AB Over the years, there have been a number of practical studies with working definitions of 'mesh' as related to computational simulation, however, there are only a few theoretical papers with formal definitions of mesh. Algebraic topology papers are available that define tetrahedral meshes in terms of simplices. Algebraic topology and polytope theory has also been utilized to define hexahedral meshes. Additional literature is also available describing particular properties of the dual of a mesh. In this paper, we give several formal definitions in relation to hexahedral meshes and the dual of hexahedral meshes. Our main goal is to provide useful, understandable and minimal definitions specifically for computer scientists or mathematicians working in hexahedral meshing. We also extend these definitions to some useful classifications of hexahedral meshes, including definitions for 'fundamental' hexahedral meshes and 'minimal' hexahedral meshes. C1 [Shepherd, Jason] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Ledoux, Franck] CEA DAM, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RP Shepherd, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM franck.ledoux@cea.fr; jfsheph@sandia.gov NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 SI SI BP 419 EP 432 DI 10.1007/s00366-009-0144-3 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 641TR UT WOS:000281153100008 ER PT J AU Ledoux, F Shepherd, J AF Ledoux, Franck Shepherd, Jason TI Topological modifications of hexahedral meshes via sheet operations: a theoretical study SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE Topological modifications; Hexahedral mesh; Sheet operations; Set operations ID GENERATION AB Recently there has been a renewed interest in performing topological modifications on hexahedral meshes to enable clean up, mesh improvement, generation of more complex hexahedral topologies, and a deepened understanding of methods for producing hexahedral topologies in increasingly complex geometries. Additionally, generation of all-hexahedral topologies in arbitrary models remains an open-problem in the computational geometry community. In this paper we provide surveys of important research efforts in local hexahedral topology modification, and provide some formalization of many of these methods. We also provide some additional proofs giving credance to the community held notion that these topology modifications are feasible despite the historic difficulty in developing the methodologies for performing the modifications. Additionally, some formalization of modification operations will be provided for hexahedral sheet-based methods and a demonstration of how these operations are related to the atomic operations proposed by Tautges et al. C1 [Shepherd, Jason] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Ledoux, Franck] CEA DAM, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RP Shepherd, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM franck.ledoux@cea.fr; jfsheph@sandia.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 SI SI BP 433 EP 447 DI 10.1007/s00366-009-0145-2 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 641TR UT WOS:000281153100009 ER PT J AU Coleman, MA AF Coleman, M. A. TI Models and Confounding Factors in Biomarker Development SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of Environmental-Mutagen-Society CT 41st Annual Meeting of Complex Systems in Biology and Risk Assessment CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX CL Ft Worth, TX SP Environ Mutagen Soc SP Environ Mutagen Soc C1 [Coleman, M. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 51 IS 7 BP 698 EP 698 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 639XE UT WOS:000281009600056 ER PT J AU Morgan, WF AF Morgan, W. F. TI SCE, and ABCW. The Language of Environmental Science SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of Environmental-Mutagen-Society CT 41st Annual Meeting of Complex Systems in Biology and Risk Assessment CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX CL Ft Worth, TX SP Environ Mutagen Soc SP Environ Mutagen Soc C1 [Morgan, W. F.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 51 IS 7 BP 700 EP 700 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 639XE UT WOS:000281009600065 ER PT J AU Marchetti, F Snijders, AM Bhatnagar, S Parvin, B Han, J Lenburg, M Wyrobek, AJ AF Marchetti, F. Snijders, A. M. Bhatnagar, S. Parvin, B. Han, J. Lenburg, M. Wyrobek, A. J. TI Early and Persistent Low Dose Damage Response Pathways in the Mouse Mammary Gland Depends on Genotype, Tissue Compartment and Exposure Regimen SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of Environmental-Mutagen-Society CT 41st Annual Meeting of Complex Systems in Biology and Risk Assessment CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX CL Ft Worth, TX SP Environ Mutagen Soc SP Environ Mutagen Soc C1 [Marchetti, F.; Snijders, A. M.; Bhatnagar, S.; Parvin, B.; Han, J.; Lenburg, M.; Wyrobek, A. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 51 IS 7 BP 705 EP 705 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 639XE UT WOS:000281009600085 ER PT J AU Marchetti, F Polyzos, A William, A Bishop, J Yauk, C AF Marchetti, F. Polyzos, A. William, A. Bishop, J. Yauk, C. TI Mainstream and Sidestream Tobacco Smoke Induce Mutations in Male Germ Cells But Not Micronuclei in Erythrocytes in the Mouse SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of Environmental-Mutagen-Society CT 41st Annual Meeting of Complex Systems in Biology and Risk Assessment CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX CL Ft Worth, TX SP Environ Mutagen Soc SP Environ Mutagen Soc C1 [Marchetti, F.; Polyzos, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [William, A.; Yauk, C.] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Bishop, J.] NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 51 IS 7 BP 705 EP 705 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 639XE UT WOS:000281009600083 ER PT J AU Snijders, AM Marchetti, F Bhatnagar, S Pendem, SV Bjornstad, K Mao, JH Blakely, E Cooper, PK Wyrobek, AJ AF Snijders, A. M. Marchetti, F. Bhatnagar, S. Pendem, S., V Bjornstad, K. Mao, J. H. Blakely, E. Cooper, P. K. Wyrobek, A. J. TI Normal Tissue Injury Responses in Mammary Glands after Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of Environmental-Mutagen-Society CT 41st Annual Meeting of Complex Systems in Biology and Risk Assessment CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX CL Ft Worth, TX SP Environ Mutagen Soc SP Environ Mutagen Soc C1 [Snijders, A. M.; Marchetti, F.; Bhatnagar, S.; Pendem, S., V; Bjornstad, K.; Mao, J. H.; Blakely, E.; Cooper, P. K.; Wyrobek, A. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 51 IS 7 BP 705 EP 705 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 639XE UT WOS:000281009600086 ER PT J AU Sridharan, D Whalen, M Almendrala, D Cucinotta, F Yannone, SM Pluth, JM AF Sridharan, D. Whalen, M. Almendrala, D. Cucinotta, F. Yannone, S. M. Pluth, J. M. TI Artemis Over-Expression Confers Radioresistance to Both High and Low LET Exposures SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of Environmental-Mutagen-Society CT 41st Annual Meeting of Complex Systems in Biology and Risk Assessment CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX CL Ft Worth, TX SP Environ Mutagen Soc SP Environ Mutagen Soc C1 [Sridharan, D.; Whalen, M.; Almendrala, D.; Yannone, S. M.; Pluth, J. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cucinotta, F.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RI Yannone, Steven/G-1927-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 51 IS 7 BP 717 EP 717 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 639XE UT WOS:000281009600134 ER PT J AU Urbin, SS Hinz, JM Thompson, LH AF Urbin, S. S. Hinz, J. M. Thompson, L. H. TI Reduced Rad51 Foci Formation in Rad51D Null CHO Cells during Disruption of DNA Replication is Uncoupled from Cell Killing SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of Environmental-Mutagen-Society CT 41st Annual Meeting of Complex Systems in Biology and Risk Assessment CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CY OCT 23-27, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX CL Ft Worth, TX SP Environ Mutagen Soc SP Environ Mutagen Soc C1 [Urbin, S. S.; Thompson, L. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Hinz, J. M.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 51 IS 7 BP 719 EP 719 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 639XE UT WOS:000281009600140 ER PT J AU Sieber, JR Sims, DR Han, C Kim, E Lykidis, A Lapidus, AL McDonnald, E Rohlin, L Culley, DE Gunsalus, R McInerney, MJ AF Sieber, Jessica R. Sims, David R. Han, Cliff Kim, Edwin Lykidis, Athanasios Lapidus, Alla L. McDonnald, Erin Rohlin, Lars Culley, David E. Gunsalus, Robert McInerney, Michael J. TI The genome of Syntrophomonas wolfei: new insights into syntrophic metabolism and biohydrogen production SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER FLAVOPROTEIN; CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; ERECTA SUBSP SPOROSYNTROPHA; PURE CULTURE; SP NOV.; UBIQUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE; CLOSTRIDIUM-KLUYVERI; ENERGY-CONSERVATION; ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB P>Syntrophomonas wolfei is a specialist, evolutionarily adapted for syntrophic growth with methanogens and other hydrogen- and/or formate-using microorganisms. This slow-growing anaerobe has three putative ribosome RNA operons, each of which has 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes of different length and multiple 5S rRNA genes. The genome also contains 10 RNA-directed, DNA polymerase genes. Genomic analysis shows that S. wolfei relies solely on the reduction of protons, bicarbonate or unsaturated fatty acids to re-oxidize reduced cofactors. Syntrophomonas wolfei lacks the genes needed for aerobic or anaerobic respiration and has an exceptionally limited ability to create ion gradients. An ATP synthase and a pyrophosphatase were the only systems detected capable of creating an ion gradient. Multiple homologues for beta-oxidation genes were present even though S. wolfei uses a limited range of fatty acids from four to eight carbons in length.Syntrophomonas wolfei, other syntrophic metabolizers with completed genomic sequences, and thermophilic anaerobes known to produce high molar ratios of hydrogen from glucose have genes to produce H(2) from NADH by an electron bifurcation mechanism. Comparative genomic analysis also suggests that formate production from NADH may involve electron bifurcation. A membrane-bound, iron-sulfur oxidoreductase found in S. wolfei and Syntrophus aciditrophicus may be uniquely involved in reverse electron transport during syntrophic fatty acid metabolism. The genome sequence of S. wolfei reveals several core reactions that may be characteristic of syntrophic fatty acid metabolism and illustrates how biological systems produce hydrogen from thermodynamically difficult reactions. C1 [Sieber, Jessica R.; McInerney, Michael J.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Sims, David R.; Han, Cliff; Kim, Edwin; Lykidis, Athanasios; Lapidus, Alla L.] Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [McDonnald, Erin; Rohlin, Lars; Gunsalus, Robert] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Microbiol Mol Genet & Immunol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Culley, David E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Biol Proc Dev Grp, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP McInerney, MJ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM mcinerney@ou.edu RI McInerney, Michael/E-6215-2012; Lapidus, Alla/I-4348-2013 OI Lapidus, Alla/0000-0003-0427-8731 FU Department of Energy [DE-FG03-96-ER-20212, DE-FG02-08ER64689]; National Science Foundation [NSF EF-0333294] FX This work was supported by Department of Energy contracts DE-FG03-96-ER-20212 (to M.J.M.) and DE-FG02-08ER64689 (to R.G. and M.J.M.), and the National Science Foundation Grant NSF EF-0333294 (to R.P.G. and M.J.M.). NR 75 TC 47 Z9 309 U1 9 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 12 IS 8 BP 2289 EP 2301 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02237.x PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 635JX UT WOS:000280652500020 PM 21966920 ER PT J AU Haranczyk, M Puzyn, T Ng, EG AF Haranczyk, Maciej Puzyn, Tomasz Ng, Esmond G. TI On enumeration of congeners of common persistent organic pollutants SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Congeners; Persistent organic pollutants ID BIPHENYLS OH-PCBS; DIOXINS; PBDES; JAPAN AB Congeners are molecules based on the same carbon skeleton but different by the number of substituents and/or a substitution pattern. Various Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) exist in the environment as families of halogen substituted congeners and/or their hydroxyl and methoxy substituted derivatives. Numbers of possible congeners resulting from substitution of a parent POP molecule with only one type of chemical group are generally available. At the same time, numbers of mixed-substituent congeners have not been counted and presented yet, although there is an increasing interest in such as is the increasing number of research articles presenting results on already identified Cl-/Br-mixed type congeners and/or their HO/CH(3)O-mixed metabolites. We have enumerated and counted possible mixed-substituent congeners of common POPs. This article presents the obtained numbers for congener families of benzene, naphthalene, biphenyl, diphenyl ether, dibenzo-p-dioxin, dibenzofuran, anthracene, pyrene and others and obtained by substitution of up to five chemical group types. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Haranczyk, Maciej; Ng, Esmond G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Puzyn, Tomasz] Univ Gdansk, Dept Chem, Lab Environm Chemometr, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. RP Haranczyk, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 50F-1650, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mharanczyk@lbl.gov RI Haranczyk, Maciej/A-6380-2014; OI Haranczyk, Maciej/0000-0001-7146-9568; Puzyn, Tomasz/0000-0003-0449-8339 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Foundation for Polish Science; Norwegian Financial Mechanism; EEA Financial Mechanism in Poland FX We acknowledge the fruitful discussions with Noriyuki Suzuki about the importance of studies on the mixed-substituent congeners. Maciej Haranczyk is a 2008 Seaborg Fellow at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. This research was supported in part (to M.H. and E.N.) by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Tomasz Puzyn is a recipient of the HOMING Fellowship granted by the Foundation for Polish Science for and financed by the Norwegian Financial Mechanism and the EEA Financial Mechanism in Poland. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 158 IS 8 BP 2786 EP 2789 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.05.011 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 634HM UT WOS:000280571500037 PM 20619175 ER PT J AU Skomurski, FN Rosso, KM Krupka, KM McGrail, BP AF Skomurski, Frances N. Rosso, Kevin M. Krupka, Kenneth M. McGrail, B. Pete TI Technetium Incorporation into Hematite (alpha-Fe2O3) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; POWDER DIFFRACTION; PERTECHNETATE ION; GREEN RUST; IRON; REDUCTION; TRANSPORT; SORPTION; FE(II); TC-99 AB Quantum-mechanical methods were used to evaluate mechanisms for possible structural incorporation of Tc species into the model iron oxide, hematite (alpha-Fe2O3). Using periodic supercell models, energies for charge-neutral incorporation of Tc4+ or TcO4- ions were calculated using either a Tc4+/Fe2+ substitution scheme on the metal sublattice, or by insertion of TcO4- as an interstitial species within a hypothetical vacancy cluster. Although pertechnetate incorporation is found to be invariably unfavorable, incorporation of small amounts of Tc4+ (at least 2.6 wt %) is energetically feasible. Energy minimized bond distances around this impurity are provided to aid in future spectroscopic identification of these impurity species. The calculations also show that Fe2+ and Tc4+ prefer to cluster in the hematite lattice, attributed to less net Coulombic repulsion relative to that of Fe3+-Fe3+. These modeling predictions are generally consistent with observed selective association of Tc with iron oxide under reducing conditions, and in residual waste solids from underground storage tanks at the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford Site (Washington, U.S.). Here, even though relatively high pH and oxidizing conditions are dominant, Tc incorporation into iron oxides and (oxy)hydroxides is prospectively enabled by prior reduction of TcO4- to Tc4+ via interaction with radiolytic species. C1 [Skomurski, Frances N.; Rosso, Kevin M.; Krupka, Kenneth M.; McGrail, B. Pete] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Skomurski, FN (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM frances.skomurski@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); DOE [DE-AC05-76RL0 1830] FX This manuscript is dedicated to our late coauthor and friend, Kenneth M. Krupka. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Environmental Management Science Program. We also gratefully acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research under the Science Focus Area program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Computational molecular modeling was performed at the W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. PNNL is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC05-76RL0 1830. NR 60 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 15 BP 5855 EP 5861 DI 10.1021/es100069x PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 631SD UT WOS:000280367200033 PM 20666557 ER PT J AU Bopp, CJ Lundstrom, CC Johnson, TM Sanford, RA Long, PE Williams, KH AF Bopp, Charles John Lundstrom, Craig C. Johnson, Thomas M. Sanford, Robert A. Long, Philip E. Williams, Kenneth H. TI Uranium U-238/U-235 Isotope Ratios as Indicators of Reduction: Results from an in situ Biostimulation Experiment at Rifle, Colorado, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ELEMENTS; FRACTIONATION; GEOCHEMISTRY; URANINITE; EQUATION; OXIDES AB The attenuation of groundwater contamination via chemical reaction is traditionally evaluated by monitoring contaminant concentration through time. However, this method can be confounded by common transport processes (e.g., dilution, sorption). Isotopic techniques bypass the limits of concentration methods, and so may provide improved accuracy in determining the extent of reaction. We apply measurements of U-238/U-735 to a U bioremediation field experiment at the Rifle Integrated Field Research Challenge Site in Rifle, Colorado. An array of monitoring and injection wells was installed on a 100 m(2) plot where U(VI) contamination was present in the groundwater. Acetate-amended groundwater was injected along an up-gradient gallery to encourage the growth of dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria (e.g., Geobacter species). During amendment, U concentration dropped by an order of magnitude in the experiment plot We measured U-238/U-235 in samples from one monitoring well by MC-ICP-MS using a double isotope tracer method. A significant similar to 1.00 parts per thousand decrease in W-238/U-235 occurred in the groundwater as U(VI) concentration decreased. The relationship between U-238/U-235 and concentration corresponds approximately to a Rayleigh distillation curve with an effective fractionation factor (alpha) of 1.00046. We attribute the observed U isotope fractionation to a nuclear field shift effect during enzymatic reduction of U(VI)((aq)) to U(IV)((s)). C1 [Bopp, Charles John; Lundstrom, Craig C.; Johnson, Thomas M.; Sanford, Robert A.; Long, Philip E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Williams, Kenneth H.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bopp, CJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, 253 Nat Hist Bldg,1301 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM cbopp2@illinois.edu RI Johnson, Thomas/A-2740-2008; Long, Philip/F-5728-2013; Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014 OI Johnson, Thomas/0000-0003-1620-1408; Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682; Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155 FU NSF [EAR-0732481]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FC02ER63446]; Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX We thank Zhaofeng Zhang and Xiaoxiao Li for their invaluable assistance in the laboratory, and Gideon Bartov for assistance in developing the Rayleigh model. We also thank S. Morris, R. Dayvault, M. Wilkins, A. L. N'Guessan, P. Mouser, and H. Elifantz for their assistance and work on the Winchester experiment. This work was supported in part by NSF grant EAR-0732481 and the Environmental Remediation Science Program, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-05CH11231) and Cooperative Agreement DE-FC02ER63446. Field experiments were conducted as part of the Integrated Field Research Challenge site at Rifle, CO; a multidisciplinary, multi-institutional project managed for ERSP by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for the Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 41 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 15 BP 5927 EP 5933 DI 10.1021/es100643v PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 631SD UT WOS:000280367200044 PM 20597538 ER PT J AU Hardy, F Burger, P Wolf, T Fisher, RA Schweiss, P Adelmann, P Heid, R Fromknecht, R Eder, R Ernst, D von Lohneysen, H Meingast, C AF Hardy, F. Burger, P. Wolf, T. Fisher, R. A. Schweiss, P. Adelmann, P. Heid, R. Fromknecht, R. Eder, R. Ernst, D. v. Loehneysen, H. Meingast, C. TI Doping evolution of superconducting gaps and electronic densities of states in Ba(Fe1-xCox)(2)As-2 iron pnictides SO EPL LA English DT Article AB An extensive calorimetric study of the normal- and superconducting-state properties of Ba(Fe1-xCox)(2)As-2 is presented for 0 < x < 0.2. The normal- state Sommerfeld coefficient increases (decreases) with Co doping for x < 0.06 (x > 0.06), which illustrates the strong competition between magnetism and superconductivity to monopolize the Fermi surface in the underdoped region and the filling of the hole bands for overdoped Ba(Fe(1-x)Cox)(2)As-2. All superconducting samples exhibit a residual electronic density of states of unknown origin in the zero-temperature limit, which is minimal at optimal doping but increases to the normal- state value in the strongly under- and over-doped regions. The remaining specific heat in the superconducting state is well described using a two-band model with isotropic s-wave superconducting gaps. C1 [Hardy, F.; Burger, P.; Wolf, T.; Schweiss, P.; Adelmann, P.; Heid, R.; Fromknecht, R.; Eder, R.; Ernst, D.; v. Loehneysen, H.; Meingast, C.] Karlsruher Inst Technol, Inst Festkorperphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [v. Loehneysen, H.] Karlsruher Inst Technol, Inst Phys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Fisher, R. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hardy, F (reprint author), Karlsruher Inst Technol, Inst Festkorperphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM frederic.hardy@kit.edu FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SPP 1458] FX This work is part of the DFG priority program (SPP 1458) "High-Temperature Superconductivity in Iron Pnictides" funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). NR 52 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 9 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD AUG PY 2010 VL 91 IS 4 AR 47008 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/91/47008 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 652CK UT WOS:000281978400026 ER PT J AU Kang, W Machta, J Ben-Naim, E AF Kang, W. Machta, J. Ben-Naim, E. TI Granular gases under extreme driving SO EPL LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC COLLAPSE; DISSIPATIVE GASES; MEDIA; DISTRIBUTIONS; FLUCTUATIONS; DRIVEN; FLOWS AB We study inelastic gases in two dimensions using event-driven molecular-dynamics simulations. Our focus is the nature of the stationary state attained by rare injection of large amounts of energy to balance the dissipation due to collisions. We find that under such extreme driving, with the injection rate much smaller than the collision rate, the velocity distribution has a power-law high-energy tail. The numerically measured exponent characterizing this tail is in excellent agreement with predictions of kinetic theory over a wide range of system parameters. We conclude that driving by rare but powerful energy injection leads to a well-mixed gas and constitutes an alternative mechanism for agitating granular matter. In this distinct nonequilibrium steady state, energy cascades from large to small scales. Our simulations also show that when the injection rate is comparable with the collision rate, the velocity distribution has a stretched exponential tail. Copyright (c) EPLA, 2010 C1 [Kang, W.; Machta, J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Ben-Naim, E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ben-Naim, E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kang, W (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM wfkang@gmail.com; machta@physics.umass.edu; ebn@lanl.gov RI Ben-Naim, Eli/C-7542-2009 OI Ben-Naim, Eli/0000-0002-2444-7304 FU NSF [DMR-0907235]; DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We thank N. Menon, F. Werner for useful discussions and H.-Q. Wang for sharing the moleculardynamics code. We acknowledge financial support from NSF grant DMR-0907235 (JM and WK) and DOE grant DE-AC52-06NA25396 (EB). NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD AUG PY 2010 VL 91 IS 3 AR 34002 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/91/34002 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 654SM UT WOS:000282189800011 ER PT J AU Work, VH Radakovits, R Jinkerson, RE Meuser, JE Elliott, LG Vinyard, DJ Laurens, LML Dismukes, GC Posewitz, MC AF Work, Victoria H. Radakovits, Randor Jinkerson, Robert E. Meuser, Jonathan E. Elliott, Lee G. Vinyard, David J. Laurens, Lieve M. L. Dismukes, G. Charles Posewitz, Matthew C. TI Increased Lipid Accumulation in the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii sta7-10 Starchless Isoamylase Mutant and Increased Carbohydrate Synthesis in Complemented Strains SO EUKARYOTIC CELL LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; BIOFUEL PRODUCTION; HYDROGEN PHOTOPRODUCTION; GROWTH; BIOSYNTHESIS; FLUORESCENCE; METABOLISM; EVOLUTION; PROTEIN; GENE AB The accumulation of bioenergy carriers was assessed in two starchless mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (the sta6 [ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase] and sta7-10 [isoamylase] mutants), a control strain (CC124), and two complemented strains of the sta7-10 mutant. The results indicate that the genetic blockage of starch synthesis in the sta6 and sta7-10 mutants increases the accumulation of lipids on a cellular basis during nitrogen deprivation relative to that in the CC124 control as determined by conversion to fatty acid methyl esters. However, this increased level of lipid accumulation is energetically insufficient to completely offset the loss of cellular starch that is synthesized by CC124 during nitrogen deprivation. We therefore investigated acetate utilization and O(2) evolution to obtain further insights into the physiological adjustments utilized by the two starchless mutants in the absence of starch synthesis. The results demonstrate that both starchless mutants metabolize less acetate and have more severely attenuated levels of photosynthetic O2 evolution than CC124, indicating that a decrease in overall anabolic processes is a significant physiological response in the starchless mutants during nitrogen deprivation. Interestingly, two independent sta7-10:STA7 complemented strains exhibited significantly greater quantities of cellular starch and lipid than CC124 during acclimation to nitrogen deprivation. Moreover, the complemented strains synthesized significant quantities of starch even when cultured in nutrient-replete medium. C1 [Radakovits, Randor; Jinkerson, Robert E.; Posewitz, Matthew C.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Work, Victoria H.; Meuser, Jonathan E.; Elliott, Lee G.] Colorado Sch Mines, Div Environm Sci & Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Vinyard, David J.; Dismukes, G. Charles] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Vinyard, David J.; Dismukes, G. Charles] Rutgers State Univ, Waksman Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Laurens, Lieve M. L.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Posewitz, MC (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM mposewit@mines.edu RI Dismukes, Gerard/I-4905-2012; Laurens, Lieve/B-3545-2013 OI Dismukes, Gerard/0000-0003-0155-0541; FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-05-1-0365]; U.S. Department of Energy FX We acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (grant FA9550-05-1-0365) ( M. C. P.) and the U.S. Department of Energy BES and BER programs. NR 48 TC 156 Z9 160 U1 7 U2 54 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1535-9778 J9 EUKARYOT CELL JI Eukaryot. Cell PD AUG PY 2010 VL 9 IS 8 BP 1251 EP 1261 DI 10.1128/EC.00075-10 PG 11 WC Microbiology; Mycology SC Microbiology; Mycology GA 634JO UT WOS:000280577300011 PM 20562225 ER PT J AU Ladrak, T Smulders, S Roubeau, O Teat, SJ Gamez, P Reedijk, J AF Ladrak, Tim Smulders, Simon Roubeau, Olivier Teat, Simon J. Gamez, Patrick Reedijk, Jan TI Manganese-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks as Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Cyanosilylation of Acetaldehyde SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Metal-organic networks; Heterogeneous catalysis; Manganese; Lewis acids; Trigonal prisms ID POROUS COORDINATION POLYMERS; RAY CHARGE-DENSITY; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; GAS-ADSORPTION; TRIMETHYLSILYL CYANIDE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BUILDING UNITS; PORE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; TEREPHTHALATE AB Two new metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), namely [Mn(3)(atpa)(3)(dmf)(2)] and [Mn(2)(tpa)(2)(dmf)(2)], were prepared in N,N-dimethylformamide (dmf) from manganese(II) nitrate and two dicarboxylic acid ligands, 2-aminoterephthalic acid (H(2)atpa) and terephthalic acid (H(2)tpa). The molecular structures of these MOFs are compared to two related coordination polymers, namely [Mn(3)(atpa)(2)(Hatpa)(2)] and [Mn(3)(tpa)(3)(-)(def)(2)], which were obtained in N,N-diethylformamide (def), to examine the effect of slight ligand or solvent changes on the framework architecture. The four Mn-based MOFs were used as effective Lewis catalysts for the cyanosilylation of acetaldehyde. The four heterogeneous catalytic systems can be re-used without any apparent loss of activity. C1 [Roubeau, Olivier] CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. [Ladrak, Tim; Smulders, Simon; Gamez, Patrick; Reedijk, Jan] Leiden Univ, Leiden Inst Chem, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Teat, Simon J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Roubeau, O (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Aragon, Plaza San Francisco S-N, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. EM roubeau@unizar.es; p.gamez@chem.leidenuniv.nl RI Reedijk, Jan/F-1992-2010; Gamez, Patrick/B-3610-2012; Roubeau, Olivier/A-6839-2010 OI Reedijk, Jan/0000-0002-6739-8514; Gamez, Patrick/0000-0003-2602-9525; Roubeau, Olivier/0000-0003-2095-5843 FU European Cooperation in the Field of Science and Technology (COST) [D35/0011]; Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Innovacion; European synchrotron radiation facility (ESRF) [16-01-723]; Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energ [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Support from the Graduate Research School Combination "Catalysis" and the European Cooperation in the Field of Science and Technology (COST) program Action D35/0011, the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), as well as from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Innovacion, for access to BM16 at the European synchrotron radiation facility (ESRF) through grant number 16-01-723, are acknowledged. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 64 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 6 U2 64 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1434-1948 J9 EUR J INORG CHEM JI Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. PD AUG PY 2010 IS 24 BP 3804 EP 3812 DI 10.1002/ejic.201000378 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 648HX UT WOS:000281684300014 ER PT J AU Michaelides, M Pascau, J Gispert, JD Delis, F Grandy, DK Wang, GJ Desco, M Rubinstein, M Volkow, ND Thanos, PK AF Michaelides, Michael Pascau, Javier Gispert, Juan-Domingo Delis, Foteini Grandy, David K. Wang, Gene-Jack Desco, Manuel Rubinstein, Marcelo Volkow, Nora D. Thanos, Panayotis K. TI Dopamine D4 receptors modulate brain metabolic activity in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum at rest and in response to methylphenidate SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; mice; micro-positron emission tomography; positron emission tomography ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; CEREBRAL GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; WORKING-MEMORY; D-4 RECEPTOR; ANTERIOR CINGULATE; FRONTAL-CORTEX; COGNITIVE TASK AB Methylphenidate (MP) is widely used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Variable number of tandem repeats polymorphisms in the dopamine D4 receptor (D(4)) gene have been implicated in vulnerability to ADHD and the response to MP. Here we examined the contribution of dopamine D4 receptors (D4Rs) to baseline brain glucose metabolism and to the regional metabolic responses to MP. We compared brain glucose metabolism (measured with micro-positron emission tomography and [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose) at baseline and after MP (10 mg/kg, i.p.) administration in mice with genetic deletion of the D(4). Images were analyzed using a novel automated image registration procedure. Baseline D(4)-/- mice had lower metabolism in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and greater metabolism in the cerebellar vermis (CBV) than D(4)+/+ and D(4)+/- mice; when given MP, D(4)-/- mice increased metabolism in the PFC and decreased it in the CBV, whereas in D(4)+/+ and D(4)+/- mice, MP decreased metabolism in the PFC and increased it in the CBV. These findings provide evidence that D4Rs modulate not only the PFC, which may reflect the activation by dopamine of D4Rs located in this region, but also the CBV, which may reflect an indirect modulation as D4Rs are minimally expressed in this region. As individuals with ADHD show structural and/or functional abnormalities in these brain regions, the association of ADHD with D4Rs may reflect its modulation of these brain regions. The differential response to MP as a function of genotype could explain differences in brain functional responses to MP between patients with ADHD and healthy controls and between patients with ADHD with different D(4) polymorphisms. C1 [Michaelides, Michael; Thanos, Panayotis K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Behav Neuropharmacol & Neuroimaging Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Michaelides, Michael] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Pascau, Javier; Desco, Manuel] Univ Gregorio Maranon, Gen Hosp, Madrid, Spain. [Gispert, Juan-Domingo; Thanos, Panayotis K.] Inst Alta Tecnol, Barcelona, Spain. [Delis, Foteini; Wang, Gene-Jack; Volkow, Nora D.; Thanos, Panayotis K.] NIAAA, Lab Neuroimaging, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Grandy, David K.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR USA. [Rubinstein, Marcelo] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Biol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Thanos, PK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Behav Neuropharmacol & Neuroimaging Lab, 30 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM thanos@bnl.gov RI Pascau, Javier/B-5734-2013; Michaelides, Michael/K-4736-2013; Desco, Manuel/D-2822-2009; OI Pascau, Javier/0000-0003-1484-731X; Michaelides, Michael/0000-0003-0398-4917; Desco, Manuel/0000-0003-0989-3231; Gispert, Juan Domingo/0000-0002-6155-0642 FU NIAAA [AA 11 034, AA07574, AA07611] FX This work was supported by the NIAAA (AA 11 034, AA07574 and AA07611). NR 95 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0953-816X J9 EUR J NEUROSCI JI Eur. J. Neurosci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 32 IS 4 BP 668 EP 676 DI 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07319.x PG 9 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 639TD UT WOS:000280996500017 PM 20646063 ER PT J AU Meissner, R Rupp, H Seeger, J Ollesch, G Gee, GW AF Meissner, R. Rupp, H. Seeger, J. Ollesch, G. Gee, G. W. TI A comparison of water flux measurements: passive wick-samplers versus drainage lysimeters SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; VADOSE-ZONE; CAPILLARY SAMPLERS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; FIBERGLASS WICKS; FIELD-EVALUATION; SOIL; FLUXMETER; REGIONS AB Quantification of soil water flow is a prerequisite to accurate prediction of solute transfer within the unsaturated zone. The monitoring of these fluxes is challenging because the results are required to answer both scientific and practical questions regarding protection of groundwater, sustainable management of agricultural, forestry, mining or set-aside industrial areas, reducing leachate loss from landfills or explaining the fate of environmentally harmful substances. Both indirect and direct methods exist for estimating water-flux rates and have been used with varying success. In Europe, the use of direct lysimetry methods for measuring water and solute fluxes in soils has increased in recent years. This technique ensures reliable drainage data, but requires relatively large investment and maintenance expenses. Other research groups, especially in the USA, have developed alternative techniques. In this paper we compare the functioning of a passive-wick sampler, especially the deep-drainage meter type (DDM), with two different types of drainage lysimeters (weighing and non-weighing) under field conditions in Germany for the measurement period from May 2004 until April 2009. The study showed that under sandy soil conditions no significant differences occurred between the measurements from DDM and both drainage lysimeter types. Only in periods with increased precipitation was there a tendency of drainage over-estimation by the DDM in comparison with the lysimeters tested. For longer periods, no significant differences in the amount of drainage or the pattern of drainage formation were found between weighing and non-weighing gravitation lysimeters. The practical use of DDMs is restricted because the groundwater level must be > 2 m from the soil surface. Suggestions are made for the technical improvement of the DDM as well as the testing of the device with more cohesive soils. C1 [Meissner, R.; Rupp, H.; Seeger, J.; Ollesch, G.] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Lysimeter Stn, Dept Soil Phys, D-39615 Falkenberg, Germany. [Gee, G. W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Energy & Environm, Hydrol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Meissner, R (reprint author), UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Lysimeter Stn, Dept Soil Phys, Dorfstr 55, D-39615 Falkenberg, Germany. EM ralph.meissner@ufz.de FU German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [02WT0099, 02WT0480, 02WT0913] FX This work was partly financed by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and is part of the joint German-Russian Project 'Volga-Rhine', contract numbers 02WT0099, 02WT0480 and 02WT0913. We thank also the anonymous reviewers for constructive suggestions. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1351-0754 J9 EUR J SOIL SCI JI Eur. J. Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 61 IS 4 BP 609 EP 621 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2389.2010.01255.x PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 625MS UT WOS:000279900000015 ER PT J AU Yeoh, EY Zhu, SJ Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Yang, YC Sun, Y Hwang, JK Liu, SH Wang, JG Luo, YX Rasmussen, JO Lee, IY Ding, HB Li, K Gu, L Xu, Q Xiao, ZG Ma, WC AF Yeoh, E. Y. Zhu, S. J. Hamilton, J. H. Ramayya, A. V. Yang, Y. C. Sun, Y. Hwang, J. K. Liu, S. H. Wang, J. G. Luo, Y. X. Rasmussen, J. O. Lee, I. Y. Ding, H. B. Li, K. Gu, L. Xu, Q. Xiao, Z. G. Ma, W. C. TI High-spin states and a new band based on the isomeric state in Nd-152 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID LANTHANIDE NUCLEUS ND-152; OCTUPOLE CORRELATIONS; SPONTANEOUS FISSION; NEUTRON; ISOTOPES; IDENTIFICATION; DEFORMATION; CE-148 AB High-spin states of the neutron-rich Nd-152 nucleus have been reinvestigated by measuring the prompt gamma-rays in the spontaneous fission of Cf-252. The ground-state band and a side negative-parity band have been updated. A new band based on the 2243.7 keV isomeric state has been identified. The half-life for the isomeric state has been measured to be 63(7) ns. The projected shell model is employed to study the band structure of this nucleus. The results show that the calculated levels of the bands are in good agreement with the experimental ones, and the isomeric state and the negative-parity band are based on the proton pi 5/2(-)[532]circle times pi 9/2(+)[404] and neutron v3/2(-)[521]circle times v5/2(+)[642] two-quasiparticles configurations, respectively. C1 [Yeoh, E. Y.; Zhu, S. J.; Wang, J. G.; Ding, H. B.; Gu, L.; Xu, Q.; Xiao, Z. G.] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Zhu, S. J.; Hamilton, J. H.; Ramayya, A. V.; Hwang, J. K.; Liu, S. H.; Luo, Y. X.; Li, K.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Yang, Y. C.; Sun, Y.] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Luo, Y. X.; Rasmussen, J. O.; Lee, I. Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ma, W. C.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Yeoh, EY (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM yeoheingyee@gmail.com; zhushj@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn RI XIAO, Zhigang/C-3788-2015; Sun, Yang/P-2417-2015; OI Hwang, Jae-Kwang/0000-0002-4100-3473 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [10775078, 10975082, 10875077]; Major State Basic Research Development Program [2007CB815005]; Higher Education Science Foundation [20070003149, 20090073110061]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG05-88ER40407, DE-FG02-95ER40939, DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX The work at Tsinghua University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants Nos. 10775078, 10975082, 10875077, the Major State Basic Research Development Program under Grand No. 2007CB815005, the Special Program of Higher Education Science Foundation under Grant Nos. 20070003149 and 20090073110061. The work at Vanderbilt University, Mississippi State University and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was supported by U.S. Department of Energy under Grant and Contract Nos. DE-FG05-88ER40407, DE-FG02-95ER40939 and DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD AUG PY 2010 VL 45 IS 2 BP 147 EP 151 DI 10.1140/epja/i2010-11001-6 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 634KD UT WOS:000280578800001 ER PT J AU Aamodt, K Abel, N Abeysekara, U Abrahantes Quintana, A Abramyan, A Adamova, D Aggarwal, M Aglieri Rinella, G Agocs, A Aguilar Salazar, S Ahammed, Z Ahmad, A Ahmad, N Ahn, S Akimoto, R Akindinov, A Aleksandrov, D Alessandro, B Alfaro Molina, R Alici, A Almaraz Avia, E Alme, J Alt, T Altini, V Altinpinar, S Andrei, C Andronic, A Anelli, G Angelov, V Anson, C Anticic, T Antinori, F Antinori, S Antipin, K Antonczyk, D Antonioli, P Anzo, A Aphecetche, L Appelshauser, H Arcelli, S Arceo, R Arend, A Armesto, N Arnaldi, R Aronsson, T Arsene, I Asryan, A Augustinus, A Averbeck, R Awes, T Aysto, J Azmi, M Bablok, S Bach, M Badalia, A Baek, Y Bagnasco, S Bailhache, R Bala, R Baldisseri, A Baldit, A Ban, J Barbera, R Barnafoldi, G Barnby, L Barret, V Bartke, J Barile, F Basile, M Basmanov, V Bastid, N Bathen, B Batigne, G Batyunya, B Baumann, C Bearden, I Becker, B Belikov, I Bellwied, R Belmont-Moreno, E Belogianni, A Benhabib, L Beole, S Berceanu, I Bercuci, A Berdermann, E Berdnikov, Y Betev, L Bhasin, A Bhati, A Bianchi, L Bianchi, N Bianchin, C Bielik, J Bielikova, J Bilandzic, A Bimbot, L Biolcati, E Blanc, A Blanco, F Blanco, F Blau, D Blume, C Boccioli, M Bock, N Bogdanov, A Boggild, H Bogolyubsky, M Bohm, J Boldizsar, L Bombara, M Bombonati, C Bondila, M Borel, H Borisov, A Bortolin, C Bose, S Bosisio, L Bossu, F Botje, M Bottger, S Bourdaud, G Boyer, B Braun, M Braun-Munzinger, P Bravina, L Bregant, M Breitner, T Bruckner, G Brun, R Bruna, E Bruno, G Budnikov, D Buesching, H Buncic, P Busch, O Buthelezi, Z Caffarri, D Cai, X Caines, H Camacho, E Camerini, P Campbell, M Canoa Roman, V Capitani, G Cara Romeo, G Carena, F Carena, W Carminati, F Diaz, AC Caselle, M Castellanos, JC Castillo Hernandez, J Catanescu, V Cattaruzza, E Cavicchioli, C Cerello, P Chambert, V Chang, B Chapeland, S Charpy, 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Toscano, L. Tosello, F. Tournaire, A. Traczyk, T. Tribedy, P. Troger, G. Truesdale, D. Trzaska, W. H. Tsiledakis, G. Tsilis, E. Tsuji, T. Tumkin, A. Turrisi, R. Turvey, A. Tveter, T. S. Tydesjo, H. Tywoniuk, K. Ulery, J. Ullaland, K. Uras, A. Urban, J. Urciuoli, G. M. Usai, G. L. Vacchi, A. Vala, M. Valencia Palomo, L. Vallero, S. van der Kolk, N. Vande Vyvre, P. van Leeuwen, M. Vannucci, L. Vargas, A. Varma, R. Vasiliev, A. Vassiliev, I. Vasileiou, M. Vechernin, V. Venaruzzo, M. Vercellin, E. Vergara, S. Vernet, R. Verweij, M. Vetlitskiy, I. Vickovic, L. Viesti, G. Vikhlyantsev, O. Vilakazi, Z. Villalobos Baillie, O. Vinogradov, A. Vinogradov, L. Vinogradov, Y. Virgili, T. Viyogi, Y. P. Vodopianov, A. Voloshin, K. Voloshin, S. Volpe, G. von Haller, B. Vranic, D. Vrlakova, J. Vulpescu, B. Wagner, B. Wagner, V. Wallet, L. Wan, R. Wang, D. Wang, Y. Watanabe, K. Wen, Q. Wessels, J. Westerhoff, U. Wiechula, J. Wikne, J. Wilk, A. Wilk, G. Williams, M. C. S. Willis, N. Windelband, B. Xu, C. Yang, C. Yang, H. Yasnopolskiy, S. Yermia, F. Yi, J. Yin, Z. Yokoyama, H. Yoo, I.-K. Yuan, X. Yurevich, V. Yushmanov, I. Zabrodin, E. Zagreev, B. Zalite, A. Zampolli, C. Zanevsky, Yu. Zaporozhets, S. Zarochentsev, A. Zavada, P. Zbroszczyk, H. Zelnicek, P. Zenin, A. Zepeda, A. Zgura, I. Zhalov, M. Zhang, X. Zhou, D. Zhou, S. Zhu, J. Zichichi, A. Zinchenko, A. Zinovjev, G. Zoccarato, Y. Zychaek, V. Zynovyev, M. TI Charged-particle multiplicity measurement in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV with ALICE at LHC SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID PSEUDORAPIDITY DISTRIBUTIONS; PP INTERACTIONS; ENERGIES; PHYSICS AB The pseudorapidity density and multiplicity distribution of charged particles produced in proton-proton collisions at the LHC, at a centre-of-mass energy root s = 7 TeV, were measured in the central pseudorapidity region vertical bar eta vertical bar < 1. Comparisons are made with previous measurements at root s = 0.9 TeV and 2.36 TeV. At root s = 7 TeV, for events with at least one charged particle in |eta vertical bar| < 1, we obtain dN(ch)/d eta = 6.01 +/- 0.01(stat.)(-0.12)(+0.20) (syst.). This corresponds to an increase of 57.6%+/-0.4%(stat.)(-1.8%)(+3.6) (syst.) relative to collisions at 0.9 TeV, significantly higher than calculations from commonly used models. The multiplicity distribution at 7 TeV is described fairly well by the negative binomial distribution. C1 [Bregant, M.; Cortese, P.; Dellacasa, G.; Ferretti, R.; Gemme, R.; Kral, J.; Ramello, L.; Rath, S.; Senyukov, S.; Sitta, M.] UnivPiemonte Orientale, Dipartimento Sci Tecnol Avanzate, Alessandria, Italy. [Bosisio, L.; Bregant, M.; Cattaruzza, E.; Contin, G.; Cortese, P.; Dellacasa, G.; Ferretti, R.; Gemme, R.; Kral, J.; Margagliotti, G. V.; Ramello, L.; Rath, S.; Rossi, A.; Senyukov, S.; Sitta, M.] Grp Coll INFN, Alessandria, Italy. [Ahmad, A.; Ahmad, N.; Azmi, M. D.; Irfan, M.; Kamal, A.; Khan, M. 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J.; Piuz, F.; Quercigh, E.; Rademakers, A.; Revol, J.-P.; Riedler, P.; Riegler, W.; Rohrich, D.; Rosinska, P.; Rossegger, S.; Roukoutakis, F.; Safaraik, K.; Saiz, P.; Salgueiro Domingues da Silva, R.; Schindler, H.; Schossmaier, K.; Schreiner, S.; Schukraft, J.; Shahoyan, R.; Sicking, E.; Soos, C.; Stefanini, G.; Swoboda, D.; Tadel, M.; Taureg, H.; Tauro, A.; Tavlet, M.; Telesca, A.; Toia, A.; Torcato de Matos, C.; Tydesjo, H.; Vande Vyvre, P.; von Haller, B.; Wallet, L.] European Org Nucl Res CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Faivre, J.; Furano, F.; Gaardhoje, J. J.; Gutbrod, H.; Kox, S.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Inst Polytech Grenoble, LPSC,IN2P3, Grenoble, France. [Abrahantes Quintana, A.; Lpez Torres, E.; Shtejer, K.] Ctr Aplicac Tecnol & Desarrollo Nucl CEADEN, Havana, Cuba. 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M.; Madagodahettige-Don, D. M.; Pinsky, L.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX USA. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.] Univ Rajasthan, Dept Phys, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Bhasin, A.; Hamar, G.; Hamblen, J.; Lal, C.; Mangotra, L.; Potukuchi, B.; Sambyal, S.; Sharma, S.; Singh, R.] Univ Jammu, Dept Phys, Jammu 180004, India. [Aysto, J.; Bondila, M.; Diaz, R.; Kalliokoski, T.; Kim, D. J.; Malkiewicz, T.; Novitzky, N.; Oinonen, M.; Raiha, T. S.; Rak, J.; Rasanen, S. S.; Sarkamo, J.; Trzaska, W. H.] HIP, Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Aysto, J.; Bondila, M.; Diaz, R.; Kalliokoski, T.; Kim, D. J.; Malkiewicz, T.; Novitzky, N.; Oinonen, M.; Raiha, T. S.; Rak, J.; Rasanen, S. S.; Sarkamo, J.; Trzaska, W. H.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Borisov, A.; Grion, N.; Guerzoni, B.; Zinovjev, G.; Zynovyev, M.] Bogolyubov Inst Theoret Phys, Kiev, Ukraine. [Martashvili, I.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [Bose, S.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Das, I.; Dutta Majumdar, A. K.; Pal, S.; Roy, P.; Sinha, T.] Saha Inst Nucl Phys, Kolkata, India. [Ahammed, Z.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Dubey, A. K.; Dutta Majumdar, M. R.; Ganoti, P.; Ghosh, P.; Khan, S. A.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Moretto, S.; Moukhanova, T.; Navin, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Prasad, S. K.; Saini, J.; Samanta, T.; Singaraju, R.; Singhal, V.; Sinha, B. C.; Tribedy, P.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Variable Energy Cyclotron Ctr, Kolkata, India. [Krawutschke, T.] Fachhsch Koln, Cologne, Germany. [Bombara, M.; Kravakova, A.; Puti, M.; Urban, J.; Vrlakova, J.] Safarik Univ, Fac Sci, Kosice, Slovakia. [Ban, J.; KaliAak, P.; Kralik, I.; Pastirak, B.; Loer, I.] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Expt Phys, Kosice 04353, Slovakia. [Ricci, R. A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. [Gagliardi, M.; Perez, C.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Peru, Dept Ciencias, Secc Fis, Lima, Peru. [Glenn, A.; Newby, J.; Soltz, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Christiansen, P.; Dobrin, A.; Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. F.; Gulkanyan, H.; Han, B. H.; Ortona, G.; Osmic, F.; Ostrowski, P.; Stenlund, E.] Lund Univ, Div Expt High Energy Phys, Lund, Sweden. [Cheynis, B.; Ducroux, L.; Grosso, R.; Gupta, A.; Massacrier, L.; Nendaz, F.; Tieulent, R.; Zoccarato, Y.] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, F-69365 Lyon, France. [Blanco, F.; Cotallo, M. E.; Gonzalez-Zamora, P.; de Guevara, P. Ladrn; Muhuri, S.; Rubio-Montero, A. J.; Serradilla, E.] CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Cuautle, E.; Diaz, L.; Dominguez, I.; Maldonado Cervantes, I.; Mayani, D.; Orsini, F.; Peskov, V.; Serkin, L.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Aguilar Salazar, S.; Alfaro Molina, R.; Almaraz Avia, E.; Anzo, A.; Arceo, R.; Belmont-Moreno, E.; Gonzalez-Trueba, L. 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[Aleksandrov, D.; Blau, D.; Dobretsov, V.; Foka, P.; Ippolitov, M.; Kazantsev, A.; Kozlov, K.; Kucheriaev, Y.; Manko, V.; Nianine, A.; Nikolaev, S.; Nikulin, S.; Peressounko, D.; Ryabinkin, E.; Sibiriak, Y.; Sommer, W.; Vasiliev, A.; Vinogradov, A.; Yasnopolskiy, S.; Yushmanov, I.] Kurchatov Inst, Russian Res Ctr, Moscow, Russia. [Jena, S.; Musso, A.; Nyatha, A.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Bathen, B.; Baumann, C.; Dietel, T.; Glasow, R.; Grabski, V.; Heide, M.; Kalisky, M.; Rammler, M.; Real, J. S.; Reygers, K.; Santo, R.; Wessels, J.; Westerhoff, U.; Wilk, A.] Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, Munster, Germany. [Aphecetche, L.; Batigne, G.; Benhabib, L.; Bourdaud, G.; del Valle, Z. Conesa; Cussonneau, J.; Delagrange, H.; Dialinas, M.; Estienne, M.; Germain, M.; Ichou, R.; Le Bris, N.; LefSvre, F.; Lenhardt, M.; Luquin, L.; Martinez Garcia, G.; Pillot, P.; Roy, C.; Schutz, Y.; Tournaire, A.; Yermia, F.; Zagreev, B.] Univ Nantes, CNRS, IN2P3, SUBATECH,Ecole Mines Nantes, Nantes, France. [Aronsson, T.; Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Heinz, M.; Hicks, B.; Ma, R.; Pujahari, P.; Putschke, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. [Frankenfeld, U.; Pestov, Y.] Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Awes, T. C.; Enokizono, A.; Silvermyr, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Abeysekara, U.; Cherney, M.; Gorbunov, Y.; Gotovac, S.; Malagalage, K. J.; Nilsen, B. S.; Turvey, A.] Creighton Univ, Dept Phys, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bimbot, L.; Boyer, B.; Chambert, V.; Charpy, A.; Espagnon, B.; Harutyunyan, A.; Hrivnacova, I.; Lafage, V.; Le Bornec, Y.; Lpez Noriega, M.; Malek, M.; Peyre, J.; Pouthas, J.; Rousseau, S.; Suire, C.; Tapia Takaki, D. J.; Willis, N.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, IPNO, Orsay, France. [Aamodt, K.; Arsene, I. C.; Bravina, L.; Dordic, O.; Eyyubova, G.; Hille, P. T.; Kolevatov, R.; Kvaerno, H.; Lindal, S.; Lovhoiden, G.; Milosevic, J.; Nilsson, M. S.; Nyiri, A.; Skaali, T. B.; Tveter, T. S.; Tywoniuk, K.; Wikne, J.; Zabrodin, E.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. [Bianchin, C.; Bombonati, C.; Bortolin, C.; Caffarri, D.; Dainese, A.; Di Liberto, S.; Fabris, D.; Gupta, R.; Lunardon, M.; Mazzoni, M. A.; Meddi, F.; Muller, H.; Munhoz, M. G.; Pepato, A.; Sahoo, R.; Scarlassara, F.; Segato, G.; Soramel, F.; Turrisi, R.; Urciuoli, G. M.; Viesti, G.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. [Bianchin, C.; Bombonati, C.; Bortolin, C.; Caffarri, D.; Lunardon, M.; Meddi, F.; Muller, H.; Munhoz, M. G.; Sahoo, R.; Scarlassara, F.; Segato, G.; Soramel, F.; Viesti, G.] Dipartimento Fis Univ, Padua, Italy. [Bielik, J.; Kral, J.; Krus, M.; Pachr, M.; Petraek, V.; Pospiil, V.; Smakal, R.; Tlusty, D.; Wagner, V.; Zychaek, V.] Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn, CR-11519 Prague, Czech Republic. [Mare, J.; Polak, K.; Zavada, P.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Bogolyubsky, M.; Kharlov, Y.; Kim, J.; Polichtchouk, B.; Sadovsky, S.; Soloviev, A.; Stolpovsky, P.; Zenin, A.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Maldonado, I. Cortes; Fernandez Tellez, A.; Gonzalez Santos, H.; Lpez-Ramirez, R.; Martinez Hernandez, M. I.; Rodriguez Cahuantzi, M.; Roman Lpez, S.; Vargas, A.; Vergara, S.] Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. [Choi, K.; Lee, H.; Son, C. W.; Yi, J.; Yoo, I.-K.; Zalite, A.; Zaporozhets, S.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Adamova, D.; Bielikova, J.; Kapitan, J.; Kushpil, S.; Kushpil, V.; Sumbera, M.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. [Baldisseri, A.; Borel, H.; Castellanos, J. Castillo; Charvet, J. L.; Oppedisano, C.; Pereira, H.; Rakotozafindrabe, A.; Rashevskaya, I.; Staley, F.] IRFU, Commissariat Energie Atom, Saclay, France. [Caro, A. De; Gruttola, D. De; Pasquale, S. De; Furget, C.; Pagano, P.; Russo, G.; Virgili, T.] Dipartimento Fis ER Caianiello Univ, Salerno, Italy. [Klay, J. L.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Armesto, N.; Ferreiro, E. G.; Pajares, C.; Salgado, C. A.] Univ Santiago, Dept Fis Particulas, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Armesto, N.; Ferreiro, E. G.; Pajares, C.; Salgado, C. A.] Univ Santiago, IGFAE, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Barros, G. O. V. de; Deppman, A.; Figueredo, M. A. S.; Lozea Feijo Soares, A.; Suaide, A. A. P.; Szanto de Toledo, A.] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Basmanov, V.; Budnikov, D.; Demanov, V.; Filchagin, S.; Ilkaev, R.; Kuryakin, A.; Mamonov, A.; Nazarenko, S.; Nazarov, G.; Punin, A.; Punin, V.; Tejeda Muoz, G.; Tumkin, A.; Vikhlyantsev, O.; Vinogradov, Y.] Russian Fed Nucl Ctr VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia. [Hwang, D. S.; Kim, J. H.; Kim, S.; Son, H.] Sejong Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul, South Korea. [Bohm, J.; Chang, B.; Kang, J. H.; Kim, M.; Kim, Y.; Kwon, Y.; Song, M.] Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Gottschlag, H.] Tech Univ Split FESB, Split, Croatia. [Asryan, A.; Braun, M.; Derkach, D.; Feofilov, G.; Ivanov, A.; Kolojvari, A.; Kondratiev, V.; Ochirov, A.; Semenov, D.; Vechernin, V.; Vickovic, L.; Vinogradov, L.; Zarochentsev, A.] St Petersburg State Univ, V Fock Inst Phys, St Petersburg, Russia. [Belikov, I.; Coffin, J. -P.; Hippolyte, B.; Humanic, T. J.; Jangal, S.; Kuhn, C.; Lutz, J.-R.; Maire, A.; Michalon, A.] Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, IN2P3, IPHC, Strasbourg, France. [Akimoto, R.; Hamagaki, H.; Hori, Y.; Okada, K.; Ozawa, K.; Sano, S.; Takahara, A.; Tsuji, T.] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [Bala, R.; Beole, S.; Bianchi, L.; Biolcati, E.; Bosisio, L.; Bossu, F.; Bregant, M.; Camerini, P.; Cattaruzza, E.; Chiavassa, E.; Cobanoglu, O.; Contin, G.; Morales, Y. Corrales; Ferretti, A.; Formenti, F.; Gadrat, S.; Gago, A.; Garabatos, C.; Gros, P.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Luparello, G.; Margagliotti, G. V.; Marzari Chiesa, A.; Masera, M.; Ortiz Velasquez, A.; Padilla, F.; Piano, S.; Poggio, F.; Poghosyan, M. G.; Rachevski, A.; Rossi, A.; Rui, R.; Siciliano, M.; Stocco, D.; Subieta Vasquez, M. A.; Vacchi, A.; Venaruzzo, M.; Vercellin, E.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. [Chujo, T.; Esumi, S.; Inaba, M.; Miake, Y.; Sakata, D.; Sano, M.; Shimomura, M.; Tanabe, R.; Watanabe, K.; Yokoyama, H.; Zanevsky, Yu.] Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Chojnacki, M.; Christakoglou, P.; de Rooij, R.; Grigoras, A.; Ivan, C.; Kamermans, R.; Mischke, A.; Nooren, G.; Peitzmann, T.; Simili, E.; van Leeuwen, M.; Verweij, M.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Subatom Phys, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Deloff, A.; Dobrowolski, T.; Ilkiv, I.; Kurashvili, P.; Redlich, K.; Siemiarczuk, T.; Stefanek, G.; Wilk, G.] Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Kikola, D.; Kupczak, R.; Oldenburg, M.; A-sterman, L.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Szuba, M.; Traczyk, T.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Scharenberg, R. P.; Srivastava, B. K.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Conner, E. S.; Keidel, R.] Fachhsch Worms, ZTT, Worms, Germany. [Abramyan, A.; Cai, X.; Ma, K.; Mao, Y.; Wan, R.; Wang, D.; Xu, C.; Yang, C.; Yin, Z.; Yuan, X.; Zampolli, C.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, D.; Zhu, J.] Hua Zhong Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Abramyan, A.; Grigoryan, S.; Guber, F.; Haiduc, M.; Hayrapetyan, A.; Papikyan, V.] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. [Anticic, T.; Nikolic, V.; Susa, T.] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb, Croatia. RP Schukraft, J (reprint author), UnivPiemonte Orientale, Dipartimento Sci Tecnol Avanzate, Alessandria, Italy. EM jurgen.schukraft@cern.ch RI Chinellato, David/D-3092-2012; Barbera, Roberto/G-5805-2012; Deppman, Airton/F-6332-2010; Pshenichnov, Igor/A-4063-2008; Christensen, Christian Holm/A-4901-2010; Haiduc, Maria /C-5003-2011; Mitu, Ciprian/E-6733-2011; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Petta, Catia/A-7023-2012; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Felea, Daniel/C-1885-2012; Sevcenco, Adrian/C-1832-2012; Cortese, Pietro/G-6754-2012; SCAPPARONE, EUGENIO/H-1805-2012; Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca/I-8010-2012; Masera, Massimo/J-4313-2012; Bagnasco, Stefano/J-4324-2012; Colla, Alberto/J-4694-2012; Gagliardi, Martino/J-4787-2012; beole', stefania/G-9353-2012; Turrisi, Rosario/H-4933-2012; Bregant, Marco/I-7663-2012; Christensen, Christian/D-6461-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; feofilov, grigory/A-2549-2013; Traczyk, Tomasz/C-1310-2013; Ramello, Luciano/F-9357-2013; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/G-8915-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Becker, Bruce/I-5632-2013; Zarochentsev, Andrey/J-6253-2013; Kondratiev, Valery/J-8574-2013; Barnafoldi, Gergely Gabor/L-3486-2013; Levai, Peter/A-1544-2014; Guber, Fedor/I-4271-2013; De Falco, Alessandro/N-1053-2013; Martinez Davalos, Arnulfo/F-3498-2013; Wagner, Vladimir/G-5650-2014; Blau, Dmitry/H-4523-2012; Yang, Hongyan/J-9826-2014; Cosentino, Mauro/L-2418-2014; Vacchi, Andrea/C-1291-2010; Bearden, Ian/M-4504-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Kharlov, Yuri/D-2700-2015; Usai, Gianluca/E-9604-2015; Salgado, Carlos A./G-2168-2015; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; BRAUN, MIKHAIL/I-6826-2013; Vechernin, Vladimir/J-5832-2013; Adamova, Dagmar/G-9789-2014; de Cuveland, Jan/H-6454-2016; Kutouski, Mikalai/I-1555-2016; Kurepin, Alexey/H-4852-2013; Jena, Satyajit/P-2409-2015; Akindinov, Alexander/J-2674-2016; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; van der Kolk, Naomi/M-9423-2016; Deppman, Airton/J-5787-2014; Zagreev, Boris/R-6460-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Ferreiro, Elena/C-3797-2017; Armesto, Nestor/C-4341-2017; Martinez Hernandez, Mario Ivan/F-4083-2010; Ferretti, Alessandro/F-4856-2013; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/I-5152-2016; Fernandez Tellez, Arturo/E-9700-2017; Vickovic, Linda/F-3517-2017; Vinogradov, Leonid/K-3047-2013; OI Chinellato, David/0000-0002-9982-9577; Barbera, Roberto/0000-0001-5971-6415; Deppman, Airton/0000-0001-9179-6363; Pshenichnov, Igor/0000-0003-1752-4524; Christensen, Christian Holm/0000-0002-1850-0121; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Felea, Daniel/0000-0002-3734-9439; Sevcenco, Adrian/0000-0002-4151-1056; Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca/0000-0002-9611-3696; Christensen, Christian/0000-0002-1850-0121; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; feofilov, grigory/0000-0003-3700-8623; Traczyk, Tomasz/0000-0002-6602-4094; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/0000-0002-5187-2779; Becker, Bruce/0000-0002-6607-7145; Zarochentsev, Andrey/0000-0002-3502-8084; Kondratiev, Valery/0000-0002-0031-0741; Guber, Fedor/0000-0001-8790-3218; Martinez Davalos, Arnulfo/0000-0002-9481-9548; Cosentino, Mauro/0000-0002-7880-8611; Vacchi, Andrea/0000-0003-3855-5856; Bearden, Ian/0000-0003-2784-3094; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Usai, Gianluca/0000-0002-8659-8378; Salgado, Carlos A./0000-0003-4586-2758; BRAUN, MIKHAIL/0000-0001-7398-7801; Vechernin, Vladimir/0000-0003-1458-8055; de Cuveland, Jan/0000-0003-0455-1398; Kutouski, Mikalai/0000-0002-2920-8775; Kurepin, Alexey/0000-0002-1851-4136; Jena, Satyajit/0000-0002-6220-6982; Akindinov, Alexander/0000-0002-7388-3022; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; van der Kolk, Naomi/0000-0002-8670-0408; Deppman, Airton/0000-0001-9179-6363; Ferreiro, Elena/0000-0002-4449-2356; Armesto, Nestor/0000-0003-0940-0783; Martinez Hernandez, Mario Ivan/0000-0002-8503-3009; Ferretti, Alessandro/0000-0001-9084-5784; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/0000-0001-7166-5198; Fernandez Tellez, Arturo/0000-0003-0152-4220; Vickovic, Linda/0000-0002-9820-7960; Vinogradov, Leonid/0000-0001-9247-6230; Mohanty, Bedangadas/0000-0001-9610-2914; Gago Medina, Alberto Martin/0000-0002-0019-9692; Riggi, Francesco/0000-0002-0030-8377; Dainese, Andrea/0000-0002-2166-1874; Paticchio, Vincenzo/0000-0002-2916-1671; Monteno, Marco/0000-0002-3521-6333; Bhasin, Anju/0000-0002-3687-8179; SANTORO, ROMUALDO/0000-0002-4360-4600; Scarlassara, Fernando/0000-0002-4663-8216; Turrisi, Rosario/0000-0002-5272-337X; D'Erasmo, Ginevra/0000-0003-3407-6962; Tosello, Flavio/0000-0003-4602-1985; Beole', Stefania/0000-0003-4673-8038 FU Lisbon and Swiss Fonds Kidagan, Armenia; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientfico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP); Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) FX Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation from Lisbon and Swiss Fonds Kidagan, Armenia;; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientfico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); NR 24 TC 137 Z9 139 U1 4 U2 87 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD AUG PY 2010 VL 68 IS 3-4 BP 345 EP 354 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1350-2 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 635GC UT WOS:000280642600001 ER PT J AU Wang, H Turner, JA AF Wang, H. Turner, J. A. TI Reviewing Metallic PEMFC Bipolar Plates SO FUEL CELLS LA English DT Review DE Bipolar Plate; Metallic; PEMFC; Review ID MEMBRANE FUEL-CELLS; 316L STAINLESS-STEEL; CORROSION BEHAVIOR; THERMAL NITRIDATION; POLYPYRROLE COATINGS; CONTACT RESISTANCE; WORKING-CONDITIONS; ANODE ENVIRONMENT; CR-NITRIDES; FLOW-FIELD AB A bipolar plate is one of the most important components in a polymer exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack and has multiple functions. Metallic bipolar plate candidates have advantages over composite rivals in excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, good mechanical strength, high chemical stability, very wide alloy choices, low cost and, most importantly, existing pathways for high-volume, highspeed mass production. The challenges with metallic bipolar plates are the higher contact resistance and possible corrosion products, which may contaminate the membrane electrode assembly. This review evaluates the candidate metallic and coating materials for bipolar plates and gives the perspective of the research trends. C1 [Wang, H.; Turner, J. A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM heli.wang@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the Fuel Cells Technologies Program of the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 129 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 9 U2 67 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-6846 J9 FUEL CELLS JI Fuel Cells PD AUG PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 510 EP 519 DI 10.1002/fuce.200900187 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 645TA UT WOS:000281487900002 ER PT J AU Liu, WN Sun, X Khaleel, MA AF Liu, W. N. Sun, X. Khaleel, M. A. TI Effect of Creep of Ferritic Interconnect on Long-Term Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks SO FUEL CELLS LA English DT Article DE Creep; Ferritic Stainless Steel Interconnect; Long-term Performance; Numerical Simulation; Solid Oxide Fuel Cells; Stress Relaxation ID THERMAL-STRESS ANALYSIS; (MN,CO)(3)O-4 SPINEL COATINGS; STAINLESS-STEEL INTERCONNECT; METALLIC INTERCONNECTS; RESISTANT ALLOYS; SEALING GLASSES; BASE ALLOYS; SOFC STACK; FE-CR; OXIDATION AB High-temperature ferritic alloys are potential candidates as interconnect (IC) materials and spacers due to their low cost and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) compatibility with other components for most of the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). However, creep deformation becomes relevant for a material when the operating temperature exceeds or even is less than half of its melting temperature (in degrees of Kelvin). The operating temperatures for most of the SOFCs under development are around 1,073 K. With around 1,800 K of the melting temperature for most stainless steel (SS), possible creep deformation of ferritic IC under the typical cell operating temperature should not be neglected. In this paper, the effects of IC creep behaviour on stack geometry change and the stress redistribution of different cell components are predicted and summarised. The goal of the study is to investigate the performance of the fuel cell stack by obtaining the changes in fuel- and air-channel geometry due to creep of the ferritic SS IC, therefore indicating possible changes in SOFC performance under long-term operations. The ferritic IC creep model was incorporated into software SOFC-MP and Mentat-FC, and finite element analyses (FEAs) were performed to quantify the deformed configuration of the SOFC stack under the long-term steady-state operating temperature. It was found that the creep behaviour of the ferritic SS IC contributes to narrowing of both the fuel- and the air-flow channels. In addition, stress re-distribution of the cell components suggests the need for a compliant sealing material that also relaxes at operating temperature. C1 [Liu, W. N.; Sun, X.; Khaleel, M. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Liu, WN (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM wenning.liu@pnl.gov OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749 FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. The work was funded as part of the SolidState Energy Conversion Alliance Core Technology Program by the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-6846 J9 FUEL CELLS JI Fuel Cells PD AUG PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 703 EP 717 DI 10.1002/fuce.200900075 PG 15 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 645TA UT WOS:000281487900022 ER PT J AU Mishra, B Boyanov, M Bunker, BA Kelly, SD Kemner, KM Fein, JB AF Mishra, Bhoopesh Boyanov, Maxim Bunker, Bruce A. Kelly, Shelly D. Kemner, Kenneth M. Fein, Jeremy B. TI High- and low-affinity binding sites for Cd on the bacterial cell walls of Bacillus subtilis and Shewanella oneidensis SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODEL; METAL ADSORPTION; MULTICOMPARTMENT SYSTEMS; STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; GEOLOGIC SETTINGS; ZINC SORPTION; MICROORGANISMS; CONSORTIA; CADMIUM AB Bulk Cd adsorption isotherm experiments, thermodynamic equilibrium modeling, and Cd K edge EXAFS were used to constrain the mechanisms of proton and Cd adsorption to bacterial cells of the commonly occurring Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Shewanella oneidensis, respectively. Potentiometric titrations were used to characterize the functional group reactivity of the S. oneidensis cells, and we model the titration data using the same type of non-electrostatic surface complexation approach as was applied to titrations of B. subtilis suspensions by Fein et al. (2005). Similar to the results for B. subtilis, the S. oneidensis cells exhibit buffering behavior from approximately pH 3-9 that requires the presence of four distinct sites, with pK(a) values of 3.3 +/- 0.2, 4.8 +/- 0.2, 6.7 +/- 0.4, and 9.4 +/- 0.5, and site concentrations of 8.9(+/- 2.6) x 10(-5), 1.3(+/- 0.2) x 10(-4), 5.9(+/- 3.3) x 10(-5), and 1.1(+/- 0.6) x 10(-4) moles/g bacteria (wet mass), respectively. The bulk Cd isotherm adsorption data for both species, conducted at pH 5.9 as a function of Cd concentration at a fixed biomass concentration, were best modeled by reactions with a Cd:site stoichiometry of 1:1. EXAFS data were collected for both bacterial species as a function of Cd concentration at pH 5.9 and 10 g/L bacteria. The EXAFS results show that the same types of binding sites are responsible for Cd sorption to both bacterial species at all Cd loadings tested (1-200 ppm). Carboxyl sites are responsible for the binding at intermediate Cd loadings. Phosphoryl ligands are more important than carboxyl ligands for Cd binding at high Cd loadings. For the lowest Cd loadings studied here, a sulfhydryl site was found to dominate the bound Cd budgets for both species, in addition to the carboxyl and phosphoryl sites that dominate the higher loadings. The EXAFS results suggest that both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cell walls have a low concentration of very high-affinity sulfhydryl sites which become masked by the more abundant carboxyl and phosphoryl sites at higher metal:bacteria ratios. This study demonstrates that metal loading plays a vital role in determining the important metal-binding reactions that occur on bacterial cell walls, and that high affinity, low-density sites can be revealed by spectroscopy of biomass samples. Such sites may control the fate and transport of metals in realistic geologic settings, where metal concentrations are low. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mishra, Bhoopesh; Bunker, Bruce A.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Fein, Jeremy B.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Mishra, Bhoopesh; Boyanov, Maxim; Kelly, Shelly D.; Kemner, Kenneth M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Mol Environm Sci Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mishra, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Mol Environm Sci Grp, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM bmishra@anl.gov RI Mishra, Bhoopesh/C-2788-2012; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 FU National Science Foundation through an Environmental Molecular Science Institute [EAR02-21966]; Bayer Corporation; US Department of Energy office of Science Biological and Environmental Research Division Environmental Remediation Science Program; US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-94-ER-45525, W-31-109-Eng-38] FX Research funding was provided by a National Science Foundation through an Environmental Molecular Science Institute Grant to the University of Notre Dame (EAR02-21966), and from a Bayer Corporation Predoctoral Fellowship. S.D.K. and K.M.K. were supported by the US Department of Energy office of Science Biological and Environmental Research Division Environmental Remediation Science Program. MRCAT is supported by the US Department of Energy under contract DE-FG02-94-ER-45525 and the member institutions. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy under contract W-31-109-Eng-38. Some analyses were conducted using instruments in the Center for Environmental Science and Technology at University of Notre Dame. Help in sample preparation from Jennifer Szymanowski, and beamline setup help from Tomohiro Shibata and Soma Chattopadhyay of MRCAT are greatly appreciated. Two anonymous journal reviewers and Associate Editor Michael Machesky made helpful suggestions and significantly improved the clarity of this paper. NR 62 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 7 U2 43 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 74 IS 15 BP 4219 EP 4233 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2010.02.019 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 619FF UT WOS:000279413900003 ER PT J AU Skomurski, FN Kerisit, S Rosso, KM AF Skomurski, Frances N. Kerisit, Sebastien Rosso, Kevin M. TI Structure, charge distribution, and electron hopping dynamics in magnetite (Fe3O4) (100) surfaces from first principles SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; VERWEY TRANSITION; STEEL SURFACES; OXIDE SURFACES; ATOMIC-SCALE; WATER; REDUCTION; FILMS AB For the purpose of improving fundamental understanding of the redox reactivity of magnetite, quantum-mechanical calculations were applied to predict Fe2+ availability and electron hopping rates at magnetite (1 0 0) surfaces, with and without the presence of adsorbed water. Using a low free energy surface reconstruction (1/2-Fe-tet, layer relaxed into the Fe-oct (1 0 0) plane), the relaxed outermost layer of both the hydrated and vacuum-terminated surfaces were found to be predominantly enriched in Fe2+ within the octahedral sublattice, irrespective of the presence of adsorbed water. At room temperature, mobile electrons move through the octahedral sublattice by Fe2+-Fe3+ valence interchange small polaron hopping, calculated at 10(10)-10(12) hops/s for bulk and bulk-like (i.e., near-surface) environments. This process is envisioned to control sustainable overall rates of interfacial redox reactions. These rates decrease by up to three orders of magnitude (10(9) hops/s) at the (100) surface, and no significant difference is observed for vacuum-terminated versus hydrated cases. Slower hopping rates at the surface appear to arise primarily from larger reorganization energies associated with octahedral Fe2+-Fe3+ valence interchange in relaxed surface configurations, and secondarily on local charge distribution patterns surrounding Fe2+-Fe3+ valence interchange pairs. These results suggest that, with respect to the possibility that the rate and extent of surface redox reactions depend on Fe2+ availability and its replenishment rate, bulk electron hopping mobility is an upper-limit for magnetite and slower surface rates may need to be considered as potentially rate-limiting. They also suggest that slower hopping mobilities calculated for surface environments may be amenable to Fe2+-Fe3+ site discrimination by conventional spectroscopic probes. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Skomurski, Frances N.; Kerisit, Sebastien; Rosso, Kevin M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Skomurski, FN (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K8-96, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM frances.skomurski@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Engineering and Geosciences Division; Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; Department of Energy's Office of Civilian and Radioactive Waste Management FX The authors are grateful for helpful comments from Michael Machesky, Claudine Noguera, and an anonymous reviewer that helped to improve this manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Engineering and Geosciences Division. This research was performed in part using the Molecular Science Computing Facility (MSCF) in the William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. I The MSCF is funded by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the U.S. Department of Energy. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. F.N.S. would like to also acknowledge the Department of Energy's Office of Civilian and Radioactive Waste Management Graduate Fellowship Program under which this research collaboration began. NR 102 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 9 U2 56 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 74 IS 15 BP 4234 EP 4248 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2010.04.063 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 619FF UT WOS:000279413900004 ER PT J AU Xu, M Hu, XM Knauss, KG Higgins, SR AF Xu, Man Hu, Xiaoming Knauss, Kevin G. Higgins, Steven R. TI Dissolution kinetics of calcite at 50-70 degrees C: An atomic force microscopic study under near-equilibrium conditions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU AFM; CACO3 POLYMORPHS CALCITE; SATURATION STATE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; WATER INTERFACE; 10(1)OVER-BAR4 SURFACES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PIT FORMATION; GROWTH; RATES AB Direct measurements of calcite (10 (1) over bar4) faces were performed using in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) to reveal the dissolution processes as a function of solution saturation state and temperature. Time-sequential AFM images demonstrated that step velocities at constant temperature increased with increasing undersaturation. The anisotropy of obtuse and acute step velocities appeared to become more significant as solutions approached equilibrium and temperature increased. At saturation state Omega>0.02, a curvilinear boundary was formed at the intersection of two acute steps and the initially rhombohedral etch pit exhibited a nearly triangular shape. This suggests that the [(4) over bar 41](a) and [48 (1) over bar](a) steps may not belong to the calcite-aqueous solution equilibrium system. Further increase in the saturation state (Omega >= 0.3) led to a lack of etch pit formation and dissolution primarily occurred at existing steps, in accordance with Teng (2004). Analysis of step kinetics at different temperatures yielded activation energies of 25 +/- 6 kJ/mol and 14 +/- 13 kJ/mol for obtuse and acute steps, respectively. The inconsistencies in etch pit morphology, step anisotropy, and step activation energies from the present study with those of studies far-from-equilibrium can be explained by increased influence of the backward reaction, or growth, near-equilibrium. We propose that the backward reaction occurs preferentially at the acute-acute kink sites. The kinetics and effective activation energies of near-equilibrium calcite dissolution presented in this work provide accurate experimental data under likely CO(2) sequestration conditions, and thus are crucial to the development of robust geochemical models that predict the long-term performance of mineral-trapped CO(2). (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Man; Hu, Xiaoming; Higgins, Steven R.] Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Knauss, Kevin G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Higgins, SR (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM steven.higgins@wright.edu RI knauss, kevin/K-2827-2012; Xu, Man/B-7660-2013 FU United States Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division; National Science Foundation; Wright State University FX Financial support for this work from the United States Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, the National Science Foundation Instrumentation and Facilities program and Wright State University's Early Start Research Challenge program are gratefully acknowledged. We thank Dr. Rosso and the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments that helped us improve the overall quality of this manuscript. NR 64 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 74 IS 15 BP 4285 EP 4297 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2010.04.066 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 619FF UT WOS:000279413900007 ER PT J AU De Gregorio, BT Stroud, RM Nittler, LR Alexander, CMO Kilcoyne, ALD Zega, TJ AF De Gregorio, Bradley T. Stroud, Rhonda M. Nittler, Larry R. Alexander, Conel M. O'D. Kilcoyne, A. L. David Zega, Thomas J. TI Isotopic anomalies in organic nanoglobules from Comet 81P/Wild 2: Comparison to Murchison nanoglobules and isotopic anomalies induced in terrestrial organics by electron irradiation SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; MOLECULAR-CLOUD MATERIAL; INNER-SHELL EXCITATION; DEUTERIUM FRACTIONATION; INTERPLANETARY DUST; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PRIMITIVE METEORITES; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; PRESOLAR GRAPHITE; CORE EXCITATION AB Nanoglobules are a form of organic matter found in interplanetary dust particles and primitive meteorites and are commonly associated with N-15 and D isotopic anomalies that are suggestive of interstellar processes. We report the discovery of two isotopically-anomalous organic globules from the Stardust collection of particles from Comet 81P/Wild 2 and compare them with nanoglobules from the Murchison CM2 meteorite. One globule from Stardust Cometary Track 80 contains highly aromatic organic matter and a large N-15 anomaly (delta N-15 = 1120 parts per thousand). Associated, non-globular, organic matter from this track is less enriched in N-15 and contains a mixture of aromatic and oxidized carbon similar to bulk insoluble organic material (IOM) from primitive meteorites. The second globule, from Cometary Track 2, contains non-aromatic organic matter with abundant nitrile (-C N) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups. It is significantly enriched in D (delta D = 1000 parts per thousand) but has a terrestrial N-15/N-14 ratio. Experiments indicate that similar D enrichments, unaccompanied by N-15 fractionation, can be reproduced in the laboratory by electron irradiation of epoxy or cyanoacrylate. Thus, a terrestrial origin for this globule cannot be ruled out, and, conversely, exposure to high-energy electron irradiation in space may be an important factor in producing D anomalies in organic materials. For comparison, we report two Murchison globules: one with a large N-15 enrichment and highly aromatic chemistry analogous to the Track 80 globule and the other only moderately enriched in N-15 with IOM-like chemistry. The observation of organic globules in Comet 81P/Wild 2 indicates that comets likely sampled the same reservoirs of organic matter as did the chondrite parent bodies. The observed isotopic anomalies in the globules are most likely preserved signatures of low temperature (<10 K) chemistry in the interstellar medium or perhaps the outer regions of the solar nebula. In other extraterrestrial samples, D isotopic anomalies, but not those of N-15, may be explained in part by exposure to ionizing electron radiation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [De Gregorio, Bradley T.; Stroud, Rhonda M.; Zega, Thomas J.] USN, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [De Gregorio, Bradley T.] USN, Res Lab, Natl Res Council Cooperat Res Fellow, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nittler, Larry R.; Alexander, Conel M. O'D.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Kilcoyne, A. L. David] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP De Gregorio, BT (reprint author), USN, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Res Lab, Code 6366,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bradley.degregorio.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; rhonda.stroud@nrl.navy.mil; lnittler@ciw.edu; alexander@dtm.ciw.edu; alkilcoyne@lbl.gov; thomas.zega@nrl.navy.mil RI De Gregorio, Bradley/B-8465-2008; Alexander, Conel/N-7533-2013; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI De Gregorio, Bradley/0000-0001-9096-3545; Alexander, Conel/0000-0002-8558-1427; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 FU US Department of Energy; Office of Naval Research; NASA; NASA Astrobiology Institute; National Research Council Research Associateship at the US Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Sue Wirick, Nabil Bassim, and Dominic Papineau with the acquisition of STXM data. Additional thoughtful discussion was provided by George Cody. We also sincerely thank the reviewers, Gary Huss, Frank Stadermann, and Laurence Garvie, whose criticisms and suggestions significantly improved the article's content and clarity. Use of the Advanced Light Source and the National Synchrotron Light Source was supported by the US Department of Energy. Financial support for this research came from the Office of Naval Research, NASA Discovery Data Analysis and Origins of Solar Systems Program, and NASA Astrobiology Institute. This research was conducted while the primary author held a National Research Council Research Associateship at the US Naval Research Laboratory. NR 89 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 74 IS 15 BP 4454 EP 4470 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2010.05.010 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 619FF UT WOS:000279413900019 ER PT J AU Yang, JJ Goldstein, JI Michael, JR Kotula, PG Scott, ERD AF Yang, Jijin Goldstein, Joseph I. Michael, Joseph R. Kotula, Paul G. Scott, Edward R. D. TI Thermal history and origin of the IVB iron meteorites and their parent body SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID METALLOGRAPHIC COOLING RATES; EARTHS CORE; LIQUID-IRON; CLOUDY ZONE; TEMPERATURES; PHASE; METAL; CRYSTALLIZATION; PRESSURES; BODIES AB We have determined metallographic cooling rates of 9 IVB irons by measuring Ni gradients 3 rim or less in length at kamacite-taenite boundaries with the analytical transmission electron microscope and by comparing these Ni gradients with those derived by modeling kamacite growth. Cooling rates at 600-400 degrees C vary from 475 K/Myr at the low-Ni end of group IVB to 5000 K/Myr at the high-Ni end. Sizes of high-Ni particles in the cloudy zone microstructure in taenite and the widths of the tetrataenite rims, which both increase with decreasing cooling rate, are inversely correlated with the bulk Ni concentrations of the IVB irons confirming the correlation between cooling rate and bulk Ni. Since samples of a core that cooled inside a thermally insulating silicate mantle should have uniform cooling rates, the IVB core must have cooled through 500 degrees C without a silicate mantle. The correlation between cooling rate and bulk Ni suggests that the core crystallized concentrically outwards. Our thermal and fractional crystallization models suggest that in this case the radius of the core was 65 +/- 15 km when it cooled without a mantle. The mantle was probably removed when the IVB body was torn apart in a glancing impact with a larger body. Clean separation of the mantle from the solid core during this impact could have been aided by a thin layer of residual metallic melt at the core-mantle boundary. Thus the IVB irons may have crystallized in a well-mantled core that was 70 +/- 15 km in radius while it was inside a body of radius 140 +/- 30 km. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Jijin; Goldstein, Joseph I.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Michael, Joseph R.; Kotula, Paul G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Characterizat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Scott, Edward R. D.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Yang, JJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM jiyang@ecs.umass.edu RI Kotula, Paul/A-7657-2011 OI Kotula, Paul/0000-0002-7521-2759 FU NASA [NNX08AG53G, NNX08AE08G, NNX08AI43G]; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC0494AL85000] FX The financial support from NASA through Grant NNX08AG53G (J.I. Goldstein, P.I.) and NNX08AE08G (K. Keil, P.I.) and NNX08AI43G (E. Scott, P.I.) is acknowledged. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC0494AL85000. We thank Michael Rye (Sandia) for assistance with the FIB samples, Tim McCoy, Smithsonian Institution for the loan of the IVB meteorites, and Nancy Chabot, Henning Haack, Misha Petaev, and associate editor Richard Walker for helpful reviews and suggestions. NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 74 IS 15 BP 4493 EP 4506 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2010.04.011 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 619FF UT WOS:000279413900021 ER PT J AU Kirk, MF AF Kirk, M. F. TI Experimental analysis of arsenic precipitation during microbial sulfate and iron reduction in model aquifer sediment reactors (vol 74, pg 2538, 2010) SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Correction C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kirk, MF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Kirk, Matthew/A-3274-2013 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 74 IS 15 BP 4603 EP 4603 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2010.04.038 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 619FF UT WOS:000279413900028 ER PT J AU Chang, SJ van der Lee, S Matzel, E Bedle, H AF Chang, Sung-Joon van der Lee, Suzan Matzel, Eric Bedle, Heather TI Radial anisotropy along the Tethyan margin SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Body waves; Surface waves and free oscillations; Seismic anisotropy; Seismic tomography; Asia; Europe ID LITHOSPHERE-ASTHENOSPHERE BOUNDARY; SPARSE LINEAR-EQUATIONS; WAVE-FORM INVERSION; UPPER-MANTLE; SEISMIC ANISOTROPY; VELOCITY ANISOTROPY; CRUSTAL CORRECTIONS; UPPERMOST MANTLE; LEAST-SQUARES; FLOW BENEATH AB We estimate radial anisotropy along the Tethyan margin by jointly fitting regional S and Love waveform trains and fundamental-mode Love-wave group velocities. About 3600 wave trains with S and Love waves and 5700 Love-wave group velocity dispersion curves are jointly inverted for SH-velocity perturbations from a pre-existing, 3-D SV-velocity model. These perturbations are predominantly positive (SH faster than SV) and consistent with PREM, but our model also shows significant lateral variation in radial anisotropy that appears to be correlated with tectonic environment. SH waves travel faster than SV wave beneath backarc basins, oceans and orogenic belts such as the Tyrrhenian and Pannonian basins, the Ionian Sea, the Alps, the Apennines, the Dinarides and the Caucasus. The Algero-Provencal basin, however, is underlain by faster SV velocity. Faster SV velocity of radial anisotropy is also detected within cratons such as the East European platform and the Arabian shield. Beneath hotspots we detect a change in radial anisotropic polarity with depth, which may be caused by transition between the lattice-preferred orientation from horizontal deformation in the asthenosphere and the shape-preferred orientation from vertically oriented melt channels in the lithosphere. We also find significant portion of radial anisotropy within subducting slabs depends on the slab's dip angle. C1 [Chang, Sung-Joon; van der Lee, Suzan; Bedle, Heather] Northwestern Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Matzel, Eric] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chang, SJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 1850 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM sjchang@earth.northwestern.edu RI Chang, Sung-Joon/A-2114-2009; van der Lee, Suzan/K-1144-2013; Matzel, Eric/K-2571-2014 OI van der Lee, Suzan/0000-0003-1884-1185; FU Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2006-214-C00092]; U.S. DOE [DE-FC52-04NA25541] FX We thank Megan Flanagan, Federica Marone and Michael Pasyanos for sharing their waveform fit and group velocity data sets. We also thank an anonymous reviewer and Mark Panning for their valuable comments, which improved this manuscript. All figures were created using Generic Mapping Tools (GMT; Wessel & Smith 1998). This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant KRF-2006-214-C00092 funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) and the U.S. DOE under contract DE-FC52-04NA25541. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 182 IS 2 BP 1013 EP 1024 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04662.x PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 636JZ UT WOS:000280730900036 ER PT J AU Stefanovsky, SV Lebedev, VV Suntsov, DY Nikonov, BS Omel'yanenko, BI Akatov, AA Marra, JC AF Stefanovsky, S. V. Lebedev, V. V. Suntsov, D. Yu. Nikonov, B. S. Omel'yanenko, B. I. Akatov, A. A. Marra, J. C. TI Influence of the content of radioactive wastes with high concentrations of aluminum, sodium, and iron oxides on the phase composition and structure of glassy materials prepared in a "cold crucible" SO GLASS PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE radioactive wastes; materials for burial; alkali borosilicate glasses ID HIGH-LEVEL WASTES; VITRIFICATION; SURROGATE; IMMOBILIZATION; BENCH; USA AB The vitrification of a high-level waste surrogate with high concentrations of aluminum, sodium, and iron oxides in a "cold crucible" results in the formation of glassy materials with the phase composition and structure dependent on the ratio between waste oxides and borosilicate glass frit. With an increase in the waste content from similar to 50 to similar to 66 wt %, the degree of crystallinity of the materials increases from similar to 5 to 50 vol %. The main crystalline phase is spinel, and the additional crystalline phase is nepheline. The amount of the nepheline increases with an increase in the waste content in glassy materials and with a decrease in the rate of their cooling in heat-insulated molds. The spinel is the main concentrator of transition elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn). A considerable fraction of sodium, aluminum, and silicon transfers into the formed nepheline, which leads to the depletion of the glass phase in oxides of these elements and to a decrease in its chemical durability. C1 [Stefanovsky, S. V.; Lebedev, V. V.; Suntsov, D. Yu.] United Ecol Technol & Res Ctr RAW Conditioning &, State Unitary Enterprise City Moscow, Moscow 119121, Russia. [Nikonov, B. S.; Omel'yanenko, B. I.] Russian Acad Med Sci, Inst Geol Ore Deposits Petrog Mineral & Geochem I, Moscow 119117, Russia. [Akatov, A. A.] Tech Univ, St Petersburg State Technol Inst, St Petersburg 198013, Russia. [Marra, J. C.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Stefanovsky, SV (reprint author), United Ecol Technol & Res Ctr RAW Conditioning &, State Unitary Enterprise City Moscow, Sedmoi Rostovskii 2-14, Moscow 119121, Russia. EM profstef@mtu-net.ru RI Akatov, Andrey/H-5893-2016 OI Akatov, Andrey/0000-0002-1453-5837 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1087-6596 J9 GLASS PHYS CHEM+ JI Glass Phys. Chem. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 36 IS 4 BP 419 EP 430 DI 10.1134/S108765961004005X PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 648DT UT WOS:000281671300005 ER PT J AU Yang, B Pallardy, SG Meyers, TP Gu, LH Hanson, PJ Wullschleger, SD Heuer, M Hosman, KP Riggs, JS Sluss, DW AF Yang, Bai Pallardy, Stephen G. Meyers, Tilden P. Gu, Lian-Hong Hanson, Paul J. Wullschleger, Stan D. Heuer, Mark Hosman, Kevin P. Riggs, Jeffery S. Sluss, Daniel W. TI Environmental controls on water use efficiency during severe drought in an Ozark Forest in Missouri, USA SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE data stratification; drought; eddy flux; environmental control; water use efficiency ID OAK-HICKORY FOREST; GAS-EXCHANGE; ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; VAPOR EXCHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; OPTIMIZATION THEORY; STOMATAL RESPONSES; DIFFUSE-RADIATION; MODELING ANALYSIS; PINUS-RADIATA AB To accurately predict ecosystem responses induced by climate warming at local-to-global scales, models are in need of more precise knowledge of response during periods of environmental stress such as drought. In this paper, we studied environmental control of canopy-level water use efficiency (WUE) during drought at an eddy flux site in an oak-hickory forest in central Missouri, USA. Two consecutive severe droughts in the summers of 2006 and 2007 afforded coverage of a broad range of environmental conditions. We stratified data to obtain subranges that minimized cross-correlations among putative WUE-controlling factors. Our results showed that WUE was subject to control by atmospheric saturation deficit (ASD), soil water potential (SWP) and the ratio of diffuse to total photosynthetically active radiation (I(f)/I(t)). Generally, WUE was found to scale with 1/(ASD)0.5, consistent with predictions from stomatal optimization theory. In contrast, SWP and I(f)/I(t) were related to WUE in a linear fashion. ASD was better correlated with WUE than either of the other two factors. It was also observed that the relationship between WUE and any single controlling factor was subject to influence of the other two. One such example was an opposite response of WUE to SWP between low and high ASD values, suggesting a breakdown of stomatal optimality under severe environmental stresses and a shift from optimal stomatal regulation to nonstomatal regulation at leaf scale. We have demonstrated that different data handling (stratified vs. nonstratified) or selection (hourly vs. daily) could lead to different conclusions on the relationship between WUE and its controls. For this reason, we recommend modelers to be cautious when applying WUE-response formulas at environmental conditions or at time scales different from those at which they are derived. C1 [Yang, Bai; Gu, Lian-Hong; Hanson, Paul J.; Wullschleger, Stan D.; Riggs, Jeffery S.; Sluss, Daniel W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Pallardy, Stephen G.; Hosman, Kevin P.] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO USA. [Meyers, Tilden P.; Heuer, Mark] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Yang, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,Bldg 1509, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM yangb@ornl.gov RI Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER); US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; University of Missouri under US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-03ER63683]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education [DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-AC05-00OR22750] FX This research was supported by US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER), as a part of the Terrestrial Carbon Processes (TCP) Program and conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 and by the University of Missouri under US Department of Energy, Grant DE-FG02-03ER63683.; This research was supported in part by an appointment to the ORNL Postdoctoral Research Associates Program which is sponsored by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and administered jointly by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education under contract numbers DE-AC05-00OR22725 and DE-AC05-00OR22750, respectively. Comments from two anonymous reviewers and discussions with Drs. Dafeng Hui and Kell Wilson were very helpful in improving this manuscript. First author thanks Dr. Wilfred M. Post for being his mentor during his post-doctoral program at ORNL. NR 52 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 7 U2 57 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 16 IS 8 BP 2252 EP 2271 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02138.x PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 619QD UT WOS:000279443800009 ER PT J AU Gunderson, CA O'Hara, KH Campion, CM Walker, AV Edwards, NT AF Gunderson, Carla A. O'Hara, Keiran H. Campion, Christina M. Walker, Ashley V. Edwards, Nelson T. TI Thermal plasticity of photosynthesis: the role of acclimation in forest responses to a warming climate SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; CO(2) assimilation; deciduous forests; global warming; optimal temperature; photosynthesis; range shifts; temperature acclimation ID SIEB-EX-SPRENG; BIOCHEMICALLY BASED MODEL; TEMPERATURE RESPONSE; SEASONAL-CHANGES; ALTITUDINAL VARIATION; SNOW GUM; GROWTH TEMPERATURE; LIMITED PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB The increasing air temperatures central to climate change predictions have the potential to alter forest ecosystem function and structure by exceeding temperatures optimal for carbon gain. Such changes are projected to threaten survival of sensitive species, leading to local extinctions, range migrations, and altered forest composition. This study investigated photosynthetic sensitivity to temperature and the potential for acclimation in relation to the climatic provenance of five species of deciduous trees, Liquidambar styraciflua, Quercus rubra, Quercus falcata, Betula alleghaniensis, and Populus grandidentata. Open-top chambers supplied three levels of warming (+0, +2, and +4 degrees C above ambient) over 3 years, tracking natural temperature variability. Optimal temperature for CO(2) assimilation was strongly correlated with daytime temperature in all treatments, but assimilation rates at those optima were comparable. Adjustment of thermal optima was confirmed in all species, whether temperatures varied with season or treatment, and regardless of climate in the species' range or provenance of the plant material. Temperature optima from 17 degrees to 34 degrees were observed. Across species, acclimation potentials varied from 0.55 degrees C to 1.07 degrees C per degree change in daytime temperature. Responses to the temperature manipulation were not different from the seasonal acclimation observed in mature indigenous trees, suggesting that photosynthetic responses should not be modeled using static temperature functions, but should incorporate an adjustment to account for acclimation. The high degree of homeostasis observed indicates that direct impacts of climatic warming on forest productivity, species survival, and range limits may be less than predicted by existing models. C1 [Gunderson, Carla A.; O'Hara, Keiran H.; Campion, Christina M.; Walker, Ashley V.; Edwards, Nelson T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gunderson, CA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gundersonca@ornl.gov FU US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research; DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Research supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research, Program for Ecosystem Research. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-BATTELLE for DOE under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Additional support from DOE was provided through student internship programs (KHO'H, CMC, AVV), administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education. Assistance with field measurements and data analysis was provided by Rebekah Hutton, Susanna Hutton, Andrew McFalls, Danielle Moore, Carrie Pendley, and Daniel Wreschnig via internships administered by ORISE. Jeffrey Riggs and Dan Sluss designed, implemented and maintained the OTC control and monitoring systems, and collected the meteorological data. Thanks to Matt Tomlinson and Don Zak for providing aspen roots, and to the University of Tennessee for space in greenhouse propagation beds. Thanks also to Lynn Tharp, Darrell West, and W. Mac Post for details on the Linkages model and growing degree days on Walker Branch Watershed, and to Gerald A. Tuskan for advice on statistics. NR 83 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 10 U2 96 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 16 IS 8 BP 2272 EP 2286 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02090.x PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 619QD UT WOS:000279443800010 ER PT J AU Beck, HL Bouville, A Moroz, BE Simon, SL AF Beck, Harold L. Bouville, Andre Moroz, Brian E. Simon, Steven L. TI FALLOUT DEPOSITION IN THE MARSHALL ISLANDS FROM BIKINI AND ENEWETAK NUCLEAR WEAPONS TESTS SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Cs-137; fallout; Marshall Islands; nuclear weapons ID CS-137; DETONATION AB Deposition densities (Bq m(-2)) of all important dose-contributing radionuclides occurring in nuclear weapons testing fallout from tests conducted at Bikini and Enewetak Atolls (1946-1958) have been estimated on a test-specific basis for 32 atolls and separate reef islands of the Marshall Islands. A complete review of various historical and contemporary data, as well as meteorological analysis, was used to make judgments regarding which tests deposited fallout in the Marshall Islands and to estimate fallout deposition density. Our analysis suggested that only 20 of the 66 nuclear tests conducted in or near the Marshall Islands resulted in substantial fallout deposition on any of the 23 inhabited atolls. This analysis was confirmed by the fact that the sum of our estimates of Cs-137 deposition from these 20 tests at each atoll is in good agreement with the total Cs-137 deposited as estimated from contemporary soil sample analyses. The monitoring data and meteorological analyses were used to quantitatively estimate the deposition density of 63 activation and fission products for each nuclear test, plus the cumulative deposition of Pu239+240 at each atoll. Estimates of the degree of fractionation of fallout from each test at each atoll, as well as of the fallout transit times from the test sites to the atolls were used in this analysis. The estimates of radionuclide deposition density, fractionation, and transit times reported here are the most complete available anywhere and are suitable for estimations of both external and internal dose to representative persons as described in companion papers. Health Phys. 99(2):124-142; 2010 C1 [Bouville, Andre; Moroz, Brian E.; Simon, Steven L.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Beck, Harold L.] US DOE, New York, NY 10014 USA. RP Simon, SL (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, 6120 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM ssimon@mail.nih.gov FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Y2-Al-5077]; National Cancer Institute [Y3-CO-5117] FX This work was supported by the Intra-Agency agreement between the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the National Cancer Institute, NIAID agreement #Y2-Al-5077 and NCI agreement #Y3-CO-5117. NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 99 IS 2 BP 124 EP 142 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181bbbfbd PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 622QN UT WOS:000279678500002 PM 20622548 ER PT J AU Bouville, A Beck, HL Simon, SL AF Bouville, Andre Beck, Harold L. Simon, Steven L. TI DOSES FROM EXTERNAL IRRADIATION TO MARSHALL ISLANDERS FROM BIKINI AND ENEWETAK NUCLEAR WEAPONS TESTS SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Cs-137; dose; external; fallout; Marshall Islands AB Annual doses from external irradiation resulting from exposure to fallout from the 65 atmospheric nuclear weapons tests conducted in the Marshall Islands at Bikini and Enewetak between 1946 and 1958 have been estimated for the first time for Marshallese living on all inhabited atolls. All tests that deposited fallout on any of the 23 inhabited atolls or separate reef islands have been considered. The methodology used to estimate the radiation doses at the inhabited atolls is based on test- and location-specific radiation survey data, deposition density estimates of Cs-137, and fallout times-of-arrival provided in a companion paper (Beck et al.), combined with information on the radionuclide composition of the fallout at various times after each test. These estimates of doses from external irradiation have been combined with corresponding estimates of doses from internal irradiation, given in a companion paper (Simon et al.), to assess the cancer risks among the Marshallese population (Land et al.) resulting from exposure to radiation from the nuclear weapons tests. Health Phys. 99(2):143-156; 2010 C1 [Bouville, Andre; Simon, Steven L.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Beck, Harold L.] US DOE, New York, NY 10014 USA. RP Simon, SL (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, 6120 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM ssimon@mail.nih.gov FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Y2-Al-5077]; National Cancer Institute [Y3-CO-5117] FX This work was supported by the Intra-Agency agreement between the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the National Cancer Institute, NIAID agreement #Y2-Al-5077 and NCI agreement #Y3-CO-5117. The authors are indebted to several individuals whose analyses and research have made substantial contributions to this work. They include William Robison for various data and publications on measurements made in the Marshall Islands, Brian Moroz for meteorological analysis and graphic support, Robert Weinstock for computer programming support, Dunstana Melo for the review of the manuscript, as well as other scientists who have added to our understanding of the contamination and consequences in the Marshall Islands through their scientific publications, many of which are cited here. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 99 IS 2 BP 143 EP 156 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181dc521d PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 622QN UT WOS:000279678500003 PM 20622549 ER PT J AU Simon, SL Bouville, A Melo, D Beck, HL Weinstock, RM AF Simon, Steven L. Bouville, Andre Melo, Dunstana Beck, Harold L. Weinstock, Robert M. TI ACUTE AND CHRONIC INTAKES OF FALLOUT RADIONUCLIDES BY MARSHALLESE FROM NUCLEAR WEAPONS TESTING AT BIKINI AND ENEWETAK AND RELATED INTERNAL RADIATION DOSES SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dose; internal; fallout; Marshall Islands; nuclear weapons ID ISLANDS; IODINE; INGESTION; CS-137; ENVIRONMENT; PLUTONIUM; DOSIMETRY; EXPOSURE; HISTORY; I-131 AB Annual internal radiation doses resulting from both acute and chronic intakes of all important dose-contributing radionuclides occurring in fallout from nuclear weapons testing at Bikini and Enewetak from 1946 through 1958 have been estimated for the residents living on all atolls and separate reef islands of the Marshall Islands. Internal radiation absorbed doses to the tissues most at risk to cancer induction (red bone marrow, thyroid, stomach, and colon) have been estimated for representative persons of all population communities for all birth years from 1929 through 1968, and for all years of exposure from 1948 through 1970. The acute intake estimates rely on a model using, as its basis, historical urine bioassay data, for members of the Rongelap Island and Ailinginae communities as well as for Rongerik residents. The model also utilizes fallout times of arrival and radionuclide deposition densities estimated for all tests and all atolls. Acute intakes of 63 radionuclides were estimated for the populations of the 20 inhabited atolls and for the communities that were relocated during the testing years for reasons of safety and decontamination. The model used for chronic intake estimates is based on reported whole-body, urine, and blood counting data for residents of Utrik and Rongelap. Dose conversion coefficients relating intake to organ absorbed dose were developed using internationally accepted models but specifically tailored for intakes of particulate fallout by consideration of literature-based evidence to choose the most appropriate alimentary tract absorption fraction (f(1)) values. Dose estimates were much higher for the thyroid gland than for red marrow, stomach wall, or colon. The highest thyroid doses to adults were about 7,600 mGy for the people exposed on Rongelap; thyroid doses to adults were much lower, by a factor of 100 or more, for the people exposed on the populated atolls of Kwajalein and Majuro. The estimates of radionuclide intake and internal radiation dose to the Marshallese that are presented in this paper are the most complete available anywhere and were used to make projections of lifetime cancer risks to the exposed populations, which are presented in a companion paper in this volume. Health Phys. 99(2):157-200; 2010 C1 [Simon, Steven L.; Bouville, Andre; Melo, Dunstana] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Beck, Harold L.] US DOE, New York, NY USA. RP Simon, SL (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, 6120 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM ssimon@mail.nih.gov FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Y2-Al-5077]; National Cancer Institute [Y3-CO-5117] FX This work was supported by the Intra-Agency Agreement between the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the National Cancer Institute, NIAID agreement #Y2-Al-5077 and NCI agreement #Y3-CO-5117. NR 81 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 99 IS 2 BP 157 EP 200 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181dc4e51 PG 44 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 622QN UT WOS:000279678500004 PM 20622550 ER PT J AU Harris, PS Simon, SL Ibrahim, SA AF Harris, Payne S. Simon, Steven L. Ibrahim, Shawki A. TI URINARY EXCRETION OF RADIONUCLIDES FROM MARSHALLESE EXPOSED TO FALLOUT FROM THE 1954 BRAVO NUCLEAR TEST SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE excretion; urinary; fallout; I-131; Marshall Islands ID IODINE; METABOLISM; SWEAT AB Soon after the Bravo nuclear test at Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands on 1 March 1954, urine samples were collected for analysis of excreted radioactivity from native residents exposed to radioactive fallout on two atolls as well as from U. S. military personnel on a third atoll. The earliest acquired samples, obtained by the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL), were assayed for various radionuclides and provided the first known measurements of I-131 in urine following exposure to fallout from a nuclear test. Over the course of 1954, many additional samples were collected by the LASL, as well as by the Atomic Energy Commission New York Operations Office's Health and Safety Laboratory and the Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory. Collectively, the groups sampled included Marshallese exposed on Rongelap and Ailinginae Atolls, American military weather observers temporarily resident on Rongerik Atoll, and sailors from the Japanese fishing vessel, the Lucky Dragon. While the bioassay measurement data and individual urine volumes have been crucial to various attempts to assess intakes of radioactivity and the related internal radiation doses among the Marshallese, those data have never been published in any peer-reviewed journal, but have been restricted to agency memoranda, laboratory reports, and summaries in some publications and book chapters. Reconstructions of internal doses to Marshallese in 1954 and in later years have depended on these data and, hence, they have considerable historical importance as well as importance to ongoing health risk projections for Marshallese. This paper presents much of the original data on urine volumes and radioactivity from the various assays of urine for radionuclides, and compares estimates of I-131 intakes made in 1954, 1985, 1987, and 2008. Health Phys. 99(2):217-232; 2010 C1 [Simon, Steven L.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Ibrahim, Shawki A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Harris, Payne S.] Los Alamos Sci Lab, Santa Fe, NM USA. RP Simon, SL (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, 6120 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM ssimon@mail.nih.gov FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Y2-A1-5077]; National Cancer Institute [Y3-CO-5117] FX This work was supported by the Intra-Agency Agreement between the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the National Cancer Institute, NIAID agreement #Y2-A1-5077 and NCI agreement #Y3-CO-5117. The authors appreciate the helpful comments of their colleagues, Andre Bouville, Harold Beck, and Dunstana Melo. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 99 IS 2 BP 217 EP 232 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181dc50a4 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 622QN UT WOS:000279678500007 PM 20622553 ER PT J AU Cuzzi, JN Hogan, RC Bottke, WF AF Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. Hogan, Robert C. Bottke, William F. TI Towards initial mass functions for asteroids and Kuiper Belt Objects SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Asteroids; Origin, Solar System; Kuiper Belt; Planetesimals; Disks ID HOMOGENEOUS ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; DIFFERENTIALLY ROTATING-DISKS; CHONDRULE-SIZED PARTICLES; EARLY SOLAR-SYSTEM; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; PLANETESIMAL FORMATION; PROTOSTELLAR DISKS; SETTLING VELOCITY; LAYERED ACCRETION; FERROMAGNESIAN CHONDRULES AB Our goal is to understand primary accretion of the first planetesimals. Some examples are seen today in the asteroid belt, providing the parent bodies for the primitive meteorites. The primitive meteorite record suggests that sizeable planetesimals formed over a period longer than a million years, each of which being composed entirely of an unusual, but homogeneous, mixture of millimeter-size particles. We sketch a scenario that might help explain how this occurred, in which primary accretion of 10-100 km size planetesimals proceeds directly, if sporadically, from aerodynamically-sorted millimeter-size particles (generically "chondrules"). These planetesimal sizes are in general agreement with the currently observed asteroid mass peak near 100 km diameter, which has been identified as a "fossil" property of the pre-erosion, pre-depletion population. We extend our primary accretion theory to make predictions for outer Solar System planetesimals, which may also have a preferred size in the 100 km diameter range. We estimate formation rates of planetesimals and explore parameter space to assess the conditions needed to match estimates of both asteroid and Kuiper Belt Object (KBO) formation rates. For parameters that satisfy observed mass accretion rates of Myr-old protoplanetary nebulae, the scenario is roughly consistent with not only the "fossil" sizes of the asteroids, and their estimated production rates, but also with the observed spread in formation ages of chondrules in a given chondrite, and with a tolerably small radial diffusive mixing during this time between formation and accretion. As previously noted, the model naturally helps explain the peculiar size distribution of chondrules within such objects. The optimum range of parameters, however, represents a higher gas density and fractional abundance of solids, and a smaller difference between Keplerian and pressure-supported orbital velocities, than "canonical" models of the solar nebula. We discuss several potential explanations for these differences. The scenario also produces 10-100 km diameter primary KBOs, and also requires an enhanced abundance of solids to match the mass production rate estimates for KBOs (and presumably the planetesimal precursors of the ice giants themselves). We discuss the advantages and plausibility of the scenario, outstanding issues, and future directions of research. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.] Ames Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Hogan, Robert C.] Bay Area Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA. [Bottke, William F.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO USA. RP Cuzzi, JN (reprint author), Ames Res Ctr, 245-3 Moffett Field, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jeffrey.cuzzi@nasa.gov FU NASA FX We thank Conel Alexander, Mike Brown, John Chambers, Eugene Chiang, Fred Ciesla, Kees Dullemond, Paul Estrada, Will Grundy, Carsten Guttler, Scott Kenyon, Noriko Kita, Erika Kurahashi, Hal Levison, Bill McKinnon, Alessandro Morbidelli, Chris Ormel, Alan Rubin, Stu Weidenschilling, and Andras Zsom for helpful conversations and comments on earlier manuscripts, and for providing results in advance of publication. We thank an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments that improved the presentation. This work was supported by grants from NASA's Planetary Geology and Geophysics and Origins of Solar Systems Programs. Our group has profited greatly from generous allocations of cpu time on the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) machines at Ames. In addition to raw cycles, expert consultants have provided invaluable help in visualization, parallelization, and optimization. NR 127 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 2010 VL 208 IS 2 BP 518 EP 538 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.03.005 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 629GJ UT WOS:000280183000002 ER PT J AU Piyabongkarn, D Lew, JY Rajamani, R Grogg, JA AF Piyabongkarn, Damrongrit (Neng) Lew, Jae Y. Rajamani, Rajesh Grogg, John A. TI Active Driveline Torque-Management Systems SO IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID VEHICLE STABILITY CONTROL; BRAKING C1 [Lew, Jae Y.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Lew, Jae Y.] Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Rajamani, Rajesh] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Grogg, John A.] Eaton Corp, Torque Control Prod Div, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Piyabongkarn, D (reprint author), Eaton Corp, Innovat Ctr, 7945 Wallace Rd, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA. EM nengpiyabongkarn@eaton.com NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1066-033X J9 IEEE CONTR SYST MAG JI IEEE Control Syst. Mag. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 30 IS 4 BP 86 EP 102 DI 10.1109/MCS.2010.937005 PG 17 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 656FK UT WOS:000282311400012 ER PT J AU Sprangle, P Penano, J Hafizi, B Ben-Zvi, I AF Sprangle, Phillip Penano, Joseph Hafizi, Bahman Ben-Zvi, Ilan TI Wall-Plug Efficiency and Beam Dynamics in Free-Electron Lasers Using Energy Recovery Linacs SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Electron linear accelerators; free-electron laser (FEL) AB In a high average power free-electron laser (FEL) the wall-plug efficiency is of critical importance in determining the size, complexity, and cost of the overall system. The wall-plug efficiency for the FEL oscillator and amplifier (uniform and tapered wiggler) is strongly dependent on the energy recovery process. A theoretical model for electron beam dynamics in the energy recovery linac is derived and applied to the acceleration and deceleration of nano-Coulomb electron bunches for a tapered FEL amplifier. For the tapered amplifier, the spent electron beam exiting the wiggler consists of trapped and untrapped electrons. Decelerating these two populations using different phases of the radio-frequency wave in the recovery process enhances wall-plug efficiency. For the parameters considered here, the wall-plug efficiency for the tapered amplifier can be similar to 10% using this approach. C1 [Sprangle, Phillip; Penano, Joseph] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hafizi, Bahman] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. [Ben-Zvi, Ilan] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collidor Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sprangle, P (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM phillip.sprangle@nrl.navy.mil; joseph.penano@nrl.navy.mil; bahman.hafizi@nrl.navy.mil; benzvi@bnl.gov FU Office of Naval Research; Joint Technology Office FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research and the Joint Technology Office. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 46 IS 8 BP 1135 EP 1144 DI 10.1109/JQE.2010.2043817 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 579YI UT WOS:000276413000001 ER PT J AU Marinella, MJ Schroder, DK Chung, GY Loboda, MJ Isaacs-Smith, T Williams, JR AF Marinella, Matthew J. Schroder, Dieter K. Chung, Gilyong Loboda, Mark J. Isaacs-Smith, Tamara Williams, John R. TI Carrier Generation Lifetimes in 4H-SiC MOS Capacitors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Carrier generation; carrier lifetimes; carrier recombination; MOS capacitors (MOS-Cs); semiconductor device measurements; silicon compounds ID EPITAXIAL LAYERS; RECOMBINATION; DEFECTS; SEMICONDUCTORS; DISLOCATIONS; CARBIDE; SILICON; DIODES; WAFERS; 4H AB The field of SiC electronics has progressed rapidly in recent years, but certain electronic properties remain poorly understood. For example, a consensus has not been reached as to the specific point defects which limit minority carrier recombination, and little is known about defects which limit generation lifetimes. This paper investigates generation lifetimes using the pulsed MOS capacitor technique and compares the results with defect densities, recombination lifetimes, and Schottky diode characteristics in the same material for the first time. Carrier generation lifetimes in 4H-SiC epilayers range from less than 1 ns to approximately 1 mu s and depend strongly on measurement conditions and data interpretation. They are limited by dislocations only at densities higher than 106 cm(-2). The only point defect that is theoretically capable of limiting generation lifetime to the levels currently observed in 4H-SiC is EH6/7. However, this defect cannot account for the case where generation lifetimes are lower than recombination lifetimes in the same area. This is not seen in silicon and seems to be inconsistent with theory. Possible reasons for these perplexing results are discussed, and it is attempted to form a framework with which further understanding of the significance of carrier generation lifetime measurements in SiC can be achieved. C1 [Marinella, Matthew J.; Schroder, Dieter K.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Marinella, Matthew J.; Schroder, Dieter K.] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Chung, Gilyong; Loboda, Mark J.] Dow Corning Compound Semicond Solut LLC, Midland, MI 48611 USA. [Isaacs-Smith, Tamara; Williams, John R.] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Marinella, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Radiat Hardened CMOS Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mmarine@sandia.gov FU ONR [N00014-05-C-0324] FX Manuscript received September 9, 2009; revised February 12, 2010; accepted May 7, 2010. Date of current version July 23, 2010. This work was supported by the ONR Contract N00014-05-C-0324 (with Dr. Paul Maki as the Program Officer). The review of this paper was arranged by Editor S. Bandyopadhyay. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 8 BP 1910 EP 1923 DI 10.1109/TED.2010.2051196 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 669XF UT WOS:000283382800023 ER PT J AU Schwank, JR Marshall, P Brown, D Poivey, C Pease, R Girard, S Reed, R AF Schwank, James R. Marshall, Paul Brown, Dennis Poivey, Christian Pease, Ron Girard, Sylvain Reed, Robert TI SELECTED PAPERS FROM THE 2009 RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS (RADECS) CONFERENCE, Bruges, Belgium, September 14-18, 2009 Comments from the Editors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Schwank, James R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Reed, Robert] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. RP Schwank, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI GIRARD, Sylvain/A-7981-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1723 EP 1723 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2058010 PN 1 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 665YR UT WOS:000283074500001 ER PT J AU Dodd, PE Shaneyfelt, MR Schwank, JR Felix, JA AF Dodd, P. E. Shaneyfelt, M. R. Schwank, J. R. Felix, J. A. TI Current and Future Challenges in Radiation Effects on CMOS Electronics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS - 09) CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Bruges, BELGIUM DE Integrated circuit radiation effects; integrated circuit reliability; radiation effects; radiation effects technology trends; radiation hardening (electronics); radiation hardness assurance; radiation hardness assurance testing; radiation hardness assurance methodology; single event effects; single-event functional interrupt; single-event upset; soft errors; total ionizing dose effects ID SINGLE-EVENT-UPSET; SHALLOW-TRENCH ISOLATION; TOTAL-DOSE IRRADIATION; BY-DESIGN METHODOLOGY; HEAVY-ION IRRADIATION; INDUCED STUCK BITS; NM SOI SRAM; NUCLEAR-REACTIONS; RATE PREDICTION; INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS AB Advances in microelectronics performance and density continue to be fueled by the engine of Moore's law. Although lately this engine appears to be running out of steam, recent developments in advanced technologies have brought about a number of challenges and opportunities for their use in radiation environments. For example, while many advanced CMOS technologies have generally shown improving total dose tolerance, single-event effects continue to be a serious concern for highly scaled technologies. In this paper, we examine the impact of recent developments and the challenges they present to the radiation effects community. Topics covered include the impact of technology scaling on radiation response and technology challenges for both total dose and single-event effects. We include challenges for hardening and mitigation techniques at the nanometer scale. Recent developments leading to hardness assurance challenges are covered. Finally, we discuss future radiation effects challenges as the electronics industry looks beyond Moore's law to alternatives to traditional CMOS technologies. C1 [Dodd, P. E.; Shaneyfelt, M. R.; Schwank, J. R.; Felix, J. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dodd, PE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pedodd@sandia.gov NR 130 TC 91 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 34 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1747 EP 1763 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2042613 PN 1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 665YR UT WOS:000283074500003 ER PT J AU Shaneyfelt, MR Schwank, JR Dodd, PE Hill, TA Dalton, SM Swanson, SE AF Shaneyfelt, Marty R. Schwank, James R. Dodd, Paul E. Hill, Tom A. Dalton, Scott M. Swanson, Scot E. TI Effects of Moisture on Radiation-Induced Degradation in CMOS SOI Transistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS - 09) CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Bruges, BELGIUM DE Moisture exposure; radiation effects in devices; semiconductor device radiation effects; silicon-on-insulator technology ID HARDNESS ASSURANCE; IRRADIATION AB The effects of moisture on radiation-induced charge buildup in the oxides of a 0.35 mu m SOI technology are explored. Data show no observable effects of moisture-related aging on radiation hardness. These results are in contrast to those of previous work performed on bulk MOS technologies fabricated in the 1980s. The cause of these differences do not appear to be due to differences in final chip passivation layers. Instead, other processing variables (e.g., thicker overlayers) may account for these differences. In any case, the SOI technology results indicate that not all advanced technologies exposed to moisture are necessarily susceptible to enhanced radiation-induced degradation. C1 [Shaneyfelt, Marty R.; Schwank, James R.; Dodd, Paul E.; Hill, Tom A.; Dalton, Scott M.; Swanson, Scot E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shaneyfelt, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM shaneymr@sandia.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1777 EP 1780 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2041469 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 665YR UT WOS:000283074500006 ER PT J AU Ferlet-Cavrois, V Kobayashi, D McMorrow, D Schwank, JR Ikeda, H Zadeh, A Flament, O Hirose, K AF Ferlet-Cavrois, V. Kobayashi, D. McMorrow, D. Schwank, J. R. Ikeda, H. Zadeh, A. Flament, O. Hirose, K. TI Large SET Duration Broadening in a Fully-Depleted SOI Technology-Mitigation With Body Contacts SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS - 09) CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Bruges, BELGIUM DE Body contacts; floating body effects; propagation induced pulse broadening; single event transient ID SINGLE-EVENT TRANSIENTS; HEAVY-ION IRRADIATION; PULSED-LASER; DIGITAL CMOS; PROPAGATION; TRANSISTORS; MOSFETS; CIRCUITS; INSIGHTS; GENERATION AB Significant floating body effects were measured in 0.2 m fully-depleted SOI resulting in large amounts of single event transient (SET) broadening, i.e., SET duration stretching. The transient response of single transistors and the propagation of single-event transients (SET) in chains of logic gate (inverters and NOR gates) were investigated by using either heavy ion irradiation or focused laser pulses. Single transistors displayed a particularly slow recovery after an ion strike (>100 ns). In logic chains, large amounts of SET duration broadening, up to 30 ps/gate, were measured when the unattenuated rail-to-rail SET propagates to the output of the chain. These floating body effects occur mainly at low frequency. They are induced by the accumulation of majority carriers in the body region which contribute to reduce the threshold voltage of OFF-state transistors. This is a slow phenomenon which takes up to several tenths of a second to build-up. It is demonstrated that floating body effects are reduced when designed with body contacts or when the chain operates at high frequency. C1 [Ferlet-Cavrois, V.; Zadeh, A.] European Space Agcy, ESA ESTEC, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Kobayashi, D.; Ikeda, H.; Hirose, K.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, ISAS JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [McMorrow, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schwank, J. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Flament, O.] CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. RP Ferlet-Cavrois, V (reprint author), European Space Agcy, ESA ESTEC, Postbus 299, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1811 EP 1819 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2048927 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 665YR UT WOS:000283074500011 ER PT J AU Schwank, JR Shaneyfelt, MR McMorrow, D Ferlet-Cavrois, V Dodd, P Heidel, DF Marshall, PW Pellish, JA LaBel, KA Rodbell, KP Hakey, M Flores, RS Swanson, SE Dalton, SM AF Schwank, James R. Shaneyfelt, Marty R. McMorrow, Dale Ferlet-Cavrois, Veronique Dodd, Paul Heidel, David F. Marshall, Paul W. Pellish, Jonathan A. LaBel, Kenneth A. Rodbell, Kenneth P. Hakey, Mark Flores, Richard S. Swanson, Scot E. Dalton, Scott M. TI Estimation of Heavy-Ion LET Thresholds in Advanced SOI IC Technologies From Two-Photon Absorption Laser Measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS - 09) CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Bruges, BELGIUM DE Hardness assurance; heavy-ion testing; laser testing; single-event upset; threshold LET; two-photon absorption ID SINGLE-EVENT-UPSET; TRANSIENT-RESPONSE; PULSED-LASER; ENERGY; SRAM; TRANSISTORS; LATCHUP; IMPACT; CELLS AB The laser energy thresholds for SEU for SOI 1-Mbit SRAMs built in Sandia's 0.35-m SOI technology were measured using carrier generation by two-photon absorption. The laser measurements were correlated to heavy-ion threshold LET measurements to determine an empirical relationship between laser energy threshold and heavy-ion threshold LET. This empirical relationship was used to estimate the threshold LETs for other circuits built in Sandia's 0.35-m SOI technology and SRAMs built in IBM's 45 and 65-nm SOI technologies. For an ASIC built in Sandia's 0.35-m SOI technology the estimated threshold from laser measurements was close to the measured heavy-ion threshold LET. However, for a dual-port SRAM also built in Sandia's 0.35-m SOI technology and for the 45- and 65-nm IBM SOI SRAMs, the threshold LETs estimated from laser measurements did not correlate to the measured heavy-ion threshold LETs. For the IBM SRAMs, the likely cause of the discrepancy between the threshold LETs estimated from laser measurements and the threshold LETs measured by heavy-ion testing is due to the laser pulse simultaneously injecting charge into multiple transistors within a memory cell and/or in adjacent memory cells. This is due to the relatively large size of the laser spot size compared to the size of the SEU sensitive volume of the IBM SOI devices. The hardness assurance implications of these results are discussed. C1 [Schwank, James R.; Shaneyfelt, Marty R.; Dodd, Paul; Flores, Richard S.; Swanson, Scot E.; Dalton, Scott M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [McMorrow, Dale] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ferlet-Cavrois, Veronique] ESA ESTEC, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Heidel, David F.; Rodbell, Kenneth P.] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Marshall, Paul W.] NASA, Brookneal, VA 24528 USA. [Pellish, Jonathan A.; LaBel, Kenneth A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hakey, Mark] IBM Syst & Technol Grp, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. RP Schwank, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM shaneymr@sandia.gov; mcmorrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; Veronique.Ferlet-Cavrois@esa.int; pedodd@sandia.gov; heidel@us.ibm.com; pwmarshall@aol.com; jonathan.a.pellish@nasa.gov; kenneth.a.label@nasa.gov; rodbell@us.ibm.com; mhakey@us.ibm.com; floresr@sandia.gov; swansose@sandia.gov; smdalto@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1827 EP 1834 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2040754 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 665YR UT WOS:000283074500013 ER PT J AU Mattiazzo, S Battaglia, M Bisello, D Contarato, D Denes, P Giubilato, P Pantano, D Pozzobon, N Tessaro, M Wyss, J AF Mattiazzo, Serena Battaglia, Marco Bisello, Dario Contarato, Devis Denes, Peter Giubilato, Piero Pantano, Devis Pozzobon, Nicola Tessaro, Mario Wyss, Jeffery TI Total Dose Effects on a FD-SOI Technology for Monolithic Pixel Sensors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS - 09) CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Bruges, BELGIUM DE Active pixel sensors; radiation effects; silicon on insulator technology; silicon radiation detectors ID RADIATION AB Monolithic pixel detectors in deep-submicron Fully Depleted (FD) Silicon On Insulator (SOI) technology have been developed and characterized. This summary presents the first assessments of the total dose effect from ionizing radiation performed on such detectors. This work, performed on single transistor test structures, shows how the substrate bias condition during irradiation plays a dramatic role on the resulting radiation damage. C1 [Mattiazzo, Serena; Bisello, Dario; Giubilato, Piero; Pantano, Devis; Pozzobon, Nicola; Tessaro, Mario; Wyss, Jeffery] Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Mattiazzo, Serena; Bisello, Dario; Giubilato, Piero; Pantano, Devis; Pozzobon, Nicola; Tessaro, Mario] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Battaglia, Marco] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Battaglia, Marco; Giubilato, Piero] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wyss, Jeffery] Univ Cassino, DiMSAT, I-03043 Cassino, Italy. RP Mattiazzo, S (reprint author), Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. EM serena.mattiazzo@pd.infn.it; MBattaglia@lbl.gov; dario.bisello@pd.infn.it; DContarato@lbl.gov; PDenes@lbl.gov; piero.giubilato@pd.infn.it; dpantano@pd.infn.it; nicola.pozzobon@pd.infn.it; mario.tessaro@pd.infn.it; wyss@unicas.it OI Wyss, Jeffery/0000-0002-8277-4012; Giubilato, Piero/0000-0003-4358-5355 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 4 BP 2135 EP 2141 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2038378 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 665YR UT WOS:000283074500056 ER PT J AU Shin, S Wendt, M AF Shin, Seunghwan Wendt, Manfred TI Design Studies for a High Resolution Cold Cavity Beam Position Monitor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cold cavity BPM; ILC; Project-X ID SYSTEM AB In order to preserve a low emittance beam along the 11 km long main linacs of the International Linear Collider (ILC), precise monitoring and control of the beam orbit is mandatory. A resolution < 1 mu m is required for the beam position monitors (BPM), which are located inside the cryomodules, i.e. operated at cryogenic temperatures. By using the electromagnetic field simulation programs (CST Studio Suite), we have designed a high resolution cold cavity BPM, operating in the L-Band at a 1.3 GHz dipole-mode frequency. This enables the measurement of the beam position with a Project-X like beam structure, as well as with ILC beam parameters at the superconducting RF test accelerator in the Fermilab New Muon Lab (NML) building. The results of the design studies predicts a resolution potential of a few hundred nanometers with a signal decay time of 50 ns. C1 [Shin, Seunghwan; Wendt, Manfred] PAL, Pohang 790784, Kyungpook, South Korea. [Shin, Seunghwan; Wendt, Manfred] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Shin, S (reprint author), PAL, Pohang 790784, Kyungpook, South Korea. EM tlssh@postech.ac.kr FU Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX Manuscript received October 16, 2009; revised April 01, 2010 and April 13, 2010; accepted April 13, 2010. Date of publication June 28, 2010; date of current version August 18, 2010. This work was supported by Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 4 BP 2159 EP 2166 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2049503 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 665ZK UT WOS:000283076500003 ER PT J AU Deptuch, GW Demarteau, M Hoff, JR Lipton, R Shenai, A Trimpl, M Yarema, R Zimmerman, T AF Deptuch, Grzegorz W. Demarteau, Marcel Hoff, James R. Lipton, Ronald Shenai, Alpana Trimpl, Marcel Yarema, Raymond Zimmerman, Tom TI Vertically Integrated Circuits at Fermilab SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 3D-IC technology; CMOS; integrated circuits; pixel detector; radiation imaging detectors; readout electronics; TSV; vertically integrated pixel readout device; wafer bonding ID DETECTORS; CHIP AB The exploration of vertically integrated circuits, also commonly known as 3D-IC technology, for applications in radiation detection started at Fermilab in 2006. This paper examines the opportunities that vertical integration offers by looking at various 3D designs that have been completed by Fermilab. The emphasis is on opportunities that are presented by through silicon vias (TSV), wafer and circuit thinning, and finally fusion bonding techniques to replace conventional bump bonding. Early work by Fermilab has led to an international consortium for the development of 3D-IC circuits for High Energy Physics. For the first time, Fermilab has organized a 3D MPW run, to which more than 25 different designs have been submitted by the consortium. C1 [Deptuch, Grzegorz W.; Hoff, James R.; Shenai, Alpana; Trimpl, Marcel; Yarema, Raymond; Zimmerman, Tom] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Particle Phys Div, Dept Elect Engn, ASIC Dev Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Deptuch, GW (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Particle Phys Div, Dept Elect Engn, ASIC Dev Grp, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM deptuch@ieee.org; demarteau@fnal.gov; jimhoff@fnal.gov; lipton@fnal.gov; shenai@fnal.gov; trimpl@fnal.gov; yarema@fnal.gov; zimmerman@fnal.gov NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 4 BP 2178 EP 2186 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2049659 PN 2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 665ZK UT WOS:000283076500006 ER PT J AU Kotov, IV Kotov, AI Frank, J O'Connor, P Perevoztchikov, V Takacs, P AF Kotov, Ivan V. Kotov, Alexandra. I. Frank, James O'Connor, Paul Perevoztchikov, Victor Takacs, Peter TI CCD Base Line Subtraction Algorithms SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Calibration; charge coupled devices; error analysis AB High statistics astronomical surveys require photometric accuracy on a few percent level. The accuracy of sensor calibration procedures should match this goal. The first step in calibration procedures is the base line subtraction. The accuracy and robustness of different base line subtraction techniques used for Charge Coupled Device (CCD) sensors are discussed. A specialized algorithm for base line subtraction in CCD images containing sparse signals was developed. This algorithm does not require taking separate bias exposures. Statistical properties of the algorithm and the algorithm performance on (55)Fe data are presented. This algorithm is compared with the bias exposures approach. Details of the bias exposure analysis are also discussed. C1 [Kotov, Ivan V.; Kotov, Alexandra. I.; Frank, James; O'Connor, Paul; Perevoztchikov, Victor; Takacs, Peter] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kotov, IV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kotov@bnl.gov FU Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515, DE-AC02-98CH10886, W-7405-ENG-48]; Stanford Linear Accelerator Center [DE-AC02-76SF00515]; Brookhaven National Laboratory [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-ENG-48] FX Manuscript received December 18, 2009; revised March 22, 2010; accepted April 22, 2010. Date of publication June 28, 2010; date of current version August 18, 2010. This work was supported by the Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515 with the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886 with Brookhaven National Laboratory, and Contract W-7405-ENG-48 with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Additional support was provided by private donations, grants to universities, and in-kind support at Department of Energy laboratories and other LSSTC institutional members. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 4 BP 2200 EP 2204 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2049660 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 665ZK UT WOS:000283076500009 ER PT J AU Mitchell, DJ Harding, LT Smith, KR AF Mitchell, Dean J. Harding, Lee T. Smith, Kenneth R. TI Neutron Detection With Gamma-Ray Spectrometers for Border Security Applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gamma-ray detectors; gamma-ray spectroscopy; neutron detectors; radiation detectors; scintillation detectors ID IODIDE AB Development of technologies for neutron detection that do not require (3)He is important because the supply of (3)He is very limited, and the cost of the gas is becoming prohibitive for many applications. This study evaluates the ability to detect neutron sources with gamma-ray spectrometers that are already present in many radiation measurement systems. Detection is based on count rates for gamma rays in the 3 to 8 MeV range, which are produced by the emission of fission gamma rays and neutron capture reactions in vehicles and their cargo. For materials in the normal stream of commerce, gamma rays above 3 MeV are produced only by sources that also emit neutrons. Therefore, unless the gamma-ray count rate is high enough to produce excessive random pileup, the detection of high-energy gamma rays provides an unambiguous indication of the presence of a neutron source. As part of this investigation, several shields that are suitable for use in radiation portals were constructed and characterized for their abilities to produce additional high-energy, neutron-capture gamma rays. A shield (composed of alternating layers of polyethylene and steel) enhances the ability to detect neutrons without producing detrimental effects for gamma-ray measurements. Calculations show that when shielded by neutron-detection-enhancing materials, NaI detectors can be as sensitive to the presence of a concealed neutron source as moderated (3)He detectors. C1 [Mitchell, Dean J.; Harding, Lee T.; Smith, Kenneth R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Mitchell, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM djmitch@sandia.gov; lthard@sandia.gov; kr-smith@sandia.gov FU Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO); U. S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000, SANDDOC 2010-0869J] FX Manuscript received February 23, 2010; revised April 27, 2010; accepted June 06, 2010. Date of current version August 18, 2010. This work was supported by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO). Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lock-heed Martin Company, for the U. S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. SANDDOC 2010-0869J. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 4 BP 2215 EP 2219 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2052829 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 665ZK UT WOS:000283076500012 ER PT J AU Smith, LE Anderson, KK Ressler, JJ Shaver, MW AF Smith, L. Eric Anderson, Kevin K. Ressler, Jennifer J. Shaver, Mark W. TI Time-Spectral Analysis Methods for Spent Fuel Assay Using Lead Slowing-Down Spectroscopy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Neutron spectroscopy; nondestructive assay; nuclear fuel cycle safeguards; nuclear fuels ID SPECTROMETER; INTERROGATION; FISSILE AB Nondestructive techniques for measuring the mass of fissile isotopes in spent nuclear fuel is a considerable challenge in the safeguarding of nuclear fuel cycles. A nondestructive assay technology that could provide direct measurement of fissile mass, particularly for the plutonium (Pu) isotopes, and improve upon the uncertainty of today's confirmatory methods is needed. Lead slowing-down spectroscopy (LSDS) has been studied for the spent fuel application previously, but the nonlinear effects of assembly self shielding (of the interrogating neutron population) have led to discouraging assay accuracy for realistic pressurized water reactor fuels. In this paper, we describe the development of time-spectral analysis algorithms for LSDS intended to overcome these self-shielding effects. The algorithm incorporates the tabulated energy-dependent cross sections from key fissile and absorbing isotopes, but leaves their mass as free variables. Multi-parameter regression analysis is then used to directly calculate not only the mass of fissile isotopes in the fuel assembly (e. g., Pu-239, U-235, and Pu-241), but also the mass of key absorbing isotopes such as Pu-240 and U-238. Modeling-based assay results using this self-shielding relationship indicate that LSDS has the potential to directly measure fissile isotopes with less than 5% average relative error for pressurized water reactor assemblies with burnup as high as 60 GWd/MTU. Shortcomings in the initial self-shielding model and potential improvements to the formulation are described. C1 [Smith, L. Eric; Anderson, Kevin K.; Shaver, Mark W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ressler, Jennifer J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Smith, LE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM eric.smith@pnl.gov RI Ressler, Jennifer Jo/F-2279-2010; OI Anderson, Kevin/0000-0001-5613-5893 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office FX Manuscript received November 02, 2009; revised April 09, 2010; accepted May 23, 2010. Date of current version August 18, 2010. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Fuel Cycle R&D program. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 4 BP 2230 EP 2238 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2051958 PN 2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 665ZK UT WOS:000283076500014 ER PT J AU Bell, ZW Ziock, KP Ohmes, MF Xu, YL Downar, T Pozzi, SA AF Bell, Z. W. Ziock, K. -P. Ohmes, Martin F. Xu, Yunlin Downar, T. Pozzi, S. A. TI Measurement of Neutron Yields From UF4 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Neutrons; neutron yield; pulse shape discrimination; scintillation detectors; simulation; spectrum unfolding ID URANIUM HEXAFLUORIDE AB We have performed measurements of neutron production from UF4 samples using liquid scintillator as the detector material. Neutrons and gamma rays were separated by a multichannel digital pulse shape discriminator, and the neutron pulse-height spectra were unfolded using sequential least-squares optimization with an active set strategy. The unfolded spectra were compared to estimates calculated with the SOURCES 4C code. C1 [Bell, Z. W.; Ziock, K. -P.; Pozzi, S. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ohmes, Martin F.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Xu, Yunlin; Downar, T.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Bell, ZW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bellzw@ornl.gov; ziockk@ornl.gov; martin.ohmes@icxt.com; yunlin@umich.edu; downer@umich.edu; pozzisa@umich.edu OI Bell, Zane/0000-0003-1115-8674 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Manuscript received November 29, 2009; revised February 18, 2010; accepted April 08, 2010. Date of current version August 18, 2010. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development, under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 4 BP 2239 EP 2246 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2052470 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 665ZK UT WOS:000283076500015 ER PT J AU Smith, LE Mace, EK Misner, AC Shaver, MW AF Smith, L. Eric Mace, Emily K. Misner, Alex C. Shaver, Mark W. TI Signatures and Methods for the Automated Nondestructive Assay of UF6 Cylinders at Uranium Enrichment Plants SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gamma-ray spectroscopy; neutron measurements; nondestructive assay; nuclear fuel cycle safeguards; uranium enrichment assay AB International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspectors currently perform periodic inspections at uranium enrichment plants to verify UF6 cylinder enrichment declarations. Measurements are typically performed with handheld high-resolution sensors on a sampling of cylinders taken to be representative of the facility's entire cylinder inventory. These measurements are time-consuming, expensive, and assay only a small fraction of the total cylinder volume. An automated nondestructive assay system capable of providing enrichment measurements over the full volume of the cylinder could improve upon current verification practices in terms of manpower and assay accuracy. The 185-keV emission from U-235 is utilized in today's cylinder measurements, but augmenting this "traditional" signature with more-penetrating "non-traditional" signatures could help to achieve full-volume assay in an automated system. This paper describes the study of non-traditional signatures that include neutrons produced by F-19 (alpha, n) reactions (spawned primarily from U-234 alpha emission) and the high-energy gamma rays (extending up to 8 MeV) induced by those neutrons when they interact in the cylinder wall and nearby materials. The potential of these non-traditional signatures and assay methods for automated cylinder verification is explored using field measurements on a small population of cylinders ranging from 2.0% to 5% in U-235 enrichment. The standard deviation of the non-traditional high-energy gamma-ray assay approach was 4.7% relative to the declared cylinder enrichments; the standard deviation of the traditional enrichment meter approach using a well-collimated high-resolution spectrometer was 4.3%. The prospect of using the non-traditional high-energy gamma-ray signature in concert with the traditional 185-keV signature to reduce the uncertainty of automated cylinder assay is discussed. C1 [Smith, L. Eric; Mace, Emily K.; Misner, Alex C.; Shaver, Mark W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, LE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM eric.smith@pnl.gov FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Sustainable Nuclear Power Initiative FX Manuscript received November 02, 2009; revised March 26, 2010; accepted May 31, 2010. Date of current version August 18, 2010. This work was supported by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Sustainable Nuclear Power Initiative. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 4 BP 2247 EP 2253 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2052287 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 665ZK UT WOS:000283076500016 ER PT J AU Mazzillo, M Condorelli, G Sanfilippo, D Valvo, G Carbone, B Piana, A Fallica, G Ronzhin, A Demarteau, M Los, S Ramberg, E AF Mazzillo, Massimo Condorelli, Giovanni Sanfilippo, Delfo Valvo, Giuseppina Carbone, Beatrice Piana, Angelo Fallica, Giorgio Ronzhin, Anatoly Demarteau, Marcel Los, Sergey Ramberg, Erik TI Timing Performances of Large Area Silicon Photomultipliers Fabricated at STMicroelectronics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Dark current; Geiger mode avalanche diode; Silicon PhotoMultiplier; single photoelectron response; timing resolution ID PHOTON AVALANCHE-DIODES; DETECTION EFFICIENCY; PHOTODIODES; TECHNOLOGY; RESOLUTION; IRST AB In this paper the results of charge and timing resolution characterization realized at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) on 305 x 3.5 mm(2) Silicon PhotoMultipliers fabricated at STMicroelectronics Catania R&D clean room facilities are presented. The device consists of 4900 microcells and has a geometrical fill factor of 36%. Timing measurements were realized at different wavelengths by varying the overvoltage and the temperature applied to the photodetector. The results shown in this manuscript demonstrate that the device, in spite of its large area, exhibits relevant features in terms of low dark current density, fast timing and very good single photoelectron resolution. All these characteristics can be considered very appealing in view of the utilization of this technology in applications requiring detectors with high timing and energy resolution performances. C1 [Mazzillo, Massimo; Condorelli, Giovanni; Sanfilippo, Delfo; Valvo, Giuseppina; Carbone, Beatrice; Piana, Angelo; Fallica, Giorgio] STMicroelectronics, IMS, Res & Dev, I-95121 Catania, Italy. [Ronzhin, Anatoly; Demarteau, Marcel; Los, Sergey; Ramberg, Erik] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Mazzillo, M (reprint author), STMicroelectronics, IMS, Res & Dev, I-95121 Catania, Italy. EM massimo.mazzillo@st.com NR 21 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 4 BP 2273 EP 2279 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2049122 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 665ZK UT WOS:000283076500019 ER PT J AU Van Ginhoven, RM Jaffe, JE Kerisit, S Rosso, KM AF Van Ginhoven, Renee M. Jaffe, John E. Kerisit, Sebastien Rosso, Kevin M. TI Trapping of Holes and Excitons in Scintillators: CsI and LaX3 (X = Cl, Br) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ab initio; cesium iodide; charge carriers; density functional theory; exciton; lanthanum bromide; lanthanum chloride; luminescence; modeling; quantum mechanics; scintillator ID ENERGY-RESOLUTION; HALIDE SCINTILLATORS; DOPED LACL3; LIGHT YIELD; AB-INITIO; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; CE3+; PERFORMANCE; MECHANISMS; EFFICIENT AB We present computational results for trapping of polarons and excitons in undoped CsI, LaCl3 and LaBr3, using plane-wave-pseudopotential density functional theory with Hartree-Fock exact exchange. The optimized V-K center and STE in CsI is a distortion of two iodine atoms from the lattice to form an interstitial bound I-2(-) molecule, consistent with previous theoretical and experimental results. In both LaCl3 and LaBr3, the relaxed STE configuration involves only one displaced halide ion, and does not form an X-2(-). The calculated luminescence energy for the STE in LaCl3 and LaBr3 is 4.1 and 3.7 eV, respectively. C1 [Van Ginhoven, Renee M.; Jaffe, John E.; Kerisit, Sebastien; Rosso, Kevin M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Van Ginhoven, RM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM renee.vanginhoven@pnl.gov FU Radiation Detection Materials Discovery (RDMD) initiative; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [NA-22, DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX Manuscript received April 02, 2010; revised May 23, 2010; accepted May 24, 2010. Date of current version August 18, 2010. This work was supported by the Radiation Detection Materials Discovery (RDMD) initiative and by the National Security Administration, Office of Nuclear Nonproliferation Research and Engineering (NA-22), of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). RDMD is a Laboratory-Directed Research and Development Program at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, a multi-program national laboratory operated by Battelle for the DOE under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 4 BP 2303 EP 2308 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2052468 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 665ZK UT WOS:000283076500023 ER PT J AU Franc, J James, RB Grill, R Dedic, V Belas, E Praus, P Prekas, G Sellin, PJ AF Franc, Jan James, Ralph B. Grill, Roman Dedic, Vaclav Belas, Eduard Praus, Petr Prekas, Georgios Sellin, Paul J. TI Influence of Contacts on Electric Field in an Au/(CdZn)Te/Au Detector: A Simulation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CdTe; electric field; radiation detectors ID X-RAY; CDZNTE; CDTE; CRYSTALS AB We report our simulations on the influence of contacts on charge collection in semi-insulating (CdZn)Te with Au contacts under radiation flux, employing simultaneous solutions of the drift-diffusion and Poisson equations. The type of the space charge and the distribution of the electric field in the Au/(CdZn)Te/Au structure at high fluxes reflect the combined influence of charge generated by band bending at the electrodes, and from photogenerated carriers trapped at deep levels. We show that the space charge originating from the latter approaches dominance at high fluxes while the influence of the contacts becomes negligible. The ratio of trapping and collection times at low fluxes strongly depends on band bending, due mainly to a change in the occupation of deep levels by injection or depletion from the contacts. Such dependence is weak at high fluxes; in this case, the space charge due to trapped carriers prevails over that formed due to band bending. These phenomena can cause the formation an electric-field minimum within the device (the pinch point), the position of which is influenced by the nature of the contacts. The field minimum can completely disappear or develop into a dead layer as band bending changes. C1 [Franc, Jan; Grill, Roman; Dedic, Vaclav; Belas, Eduard; Praus, Petr] Charles Univ Prague, Inst Phys, Fac Math & Phys, CZ-12116 Prague, Czech Republic. [James, Ralph B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nonproliferat & Natl Secur Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Prekas, Georgios; Sellin, Paul J.] Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. RP Franc, J (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Inst Phys, Fac Math & Phys, CZ-12116 Prague, Czech Republic. EM franc@karlov.mff.cuni.cz; rjames@bnl.gov RI Grill, Roman/A-2109-2008; Dedic, Vaclav/Q-3847-2016; Dedic, Vaclav/A-2946-2017; Franc, Jan/C-3802-2017; Praus, Petr/D-8792-2017 OI Grill, Roman/0000-0002-4615-8909; Dedic, Vaclav/0000-0001-7159-5521; Franc, Jan/0000-0002-9493-3973; Praus, Petr/0000-0002-8272-0858 FU Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic; Grant Agency of Czech Republic [102/10/0148]; Grant Agency Charles University [48910/2010]; Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development, U.S. Department of Energy [NA-22]; U.K. Basic Technology 'HEXITEC' programme FX Manuscript received December 21, 2009; revised March 31, 2010 and June 01, 2010; accepted June 07, 2010. Date of current version August 18, 2010. This work was part of the research plan MSM 0021620834, which is supported by the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic. This work was also supported by the Grant Agency of Czech Republic (No. 102/10/0148) and the grant agency of Charles University (48910/2010). R. B. James gratefully acknowledges support from the Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development, U.S. Department of Energy, NA-22. P. J. Sellin and G. Prekas gratefully acknowledge support from the U.K. Basic Technology 'HEXITEC' programme. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 4 BP 2349 EP 2358 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2053049 PN 2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 665ZK UT WOS:000283076500029 ER PT J AU Azmoun, B Caccavano, A Rumore, M Sinsheimer, J Smirnov, N Stoll, S Woody, C AF Azmoun, Babek Caccavano, Adam Rumore, Matthew Sinsheimer, John Smirnov, Nikolai Stoll, Sean Woody, Craig TI A Measurement of the Scintillation Light Yield in CF4 Using a Photosensitive GEM Detector SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CF4; Cherenkov detectors; CsI photocathodes; GEM detectors; HBD; micropattern gas detectors; PHENIX; scintillation light ID PARAMETERS AB The absolute photon yield of scintillation light produced by highly ionizing particles in pure CF4 has been measured using a photosensitive Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector. The detector consists of two standard GEMs and a CsI coated GEM which acts as a photocathode that is sensitive to the 160 nm scintillation light produced in CF4. The light yield was determined in terms of the number of scintillation photons emitted into a 4 pi solid angle produced per MeV of energy deposited in the gas by a 5.5 MeV alpha particle and found to be 314 +/- 15 photons per MeV. The quantum yield was determined using a fitting method to determine the number of photoelectrons from the measured pulse height distribution, and by an independent method using the measured gain of the GEM detector. The effect of scintillation light in CF4 on the performance of Cherenkov detectors, such as the PHENIX Hadron Blind Detector (HBD) at RHIC, is also discussed. C1 [Azmoun, Babek; Caccavano, Adam; Stoll, Sean; Woody, Craig] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Rumore, Matthew] Worcester Polytech Inst, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Sinsheimer, John] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. [Smirnov, Nikolai] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Azmoun, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM woody@bnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Manuscript received September 04, 2009; revised February 19, 2010; accepted May 23, 2010. Date of current version August 18, 2010. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Nuclear Physics, under Prime Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 4 BP 2376 EP 2381 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2052632 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 665ZK UT WOS:000283076500033 ER PT J AU Keister, JW Smedley, J Dimitrov, D Busby, R AF Keister, Jeffrey W. Smedley, John Dimitrov, Dimitre Busby, Richard TI Charge Collection and Propagation in Diamond X-Ray Detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Charge carrier processes; diamond; photoconductivity; wide band gap semiconductors; x-ray detectors AB Diamond is a unique material for x-ray energy conversion. Its high thermal conductivity and low coefficient of thermal expansion make it ideal for high heat load environments. High material strength and x-ray transmission also are potentially useful features for certain applications in x-ray science. However, its large bandgap, while offering insensitivity to visible light, makes charge trapping more likely (thermal detrapping less likely) than in silicon; energy conversion efficiency is also 3-4 times less even under the best conditions. Limitations to charge collection efficiency such as recombination and charge trapping have been investigated quantitatively using quasi-continuous tunable synchrotron radiation under flexible biasing schemes as well using detailed Monte Carlo simulations. In the case of charge collection efficiency, the magnitude of the applied field, initial particle energy, and probe depth are adjusted. The diffusion and drift of photo-generated charge clouds are explicitly considered for the specific scattering behavior of diamond. While recombination loss at the entrance window of diamond diodes is qualitatively similar to a treatment for an additional "dead" carbon window layer, the observed field and photon energy dependence implies that the more sophisticated model is more correct quantitatively. In addition, charge propagation in diamond is unique in that photoconductive gain is possible. Effectively, charge trapping of one carrier leads to screening of the applied field. In order to avoid photoconductive gain, either blocking contacts or explicit detrapping is required. Initial investigations of photoconductive gain as a function of applied field, waveform and photon energy have provided insight into the performance of state of the art single crystal diamond. Simple models are proposed to assist in extrapolating the observed behavior towards useful detector devices. C1 [Keister, Jeffrey W.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Smedley, John] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Dimitrov, Dimitre; Busby, Richard] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Keister, JW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jkeister@bnl.gov; smedley@bnl.gov; dad@txcorp.com; busby@txcorp.com FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-FG02-06ER84509, DE-FG02-08ER41547]; Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC with U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Manuscript received December 17, 2009; revised April 05, 2010; accepted May 29, 2010. Date of current version August 18, 2010. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grants DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-FG02-06ER84509 (Tech-X Corporation) and DE-FG02-08ER41547 (BNL). This manuscript has been authored by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC operates Brookhaven National Laboratory and its facilities, including the National Synchrotron Light Source and NSLS-II. The U.S. Government retains, and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges, a worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for the U.S. Government purposes. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 4 BP 2400 EP 2404 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2052288 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 665ZK UT WOS:000283076500037 ER PT J AU Degnan, JH Struve, KW AF Degnan, James H. Struve, Kenneth W. TI Special Issue on Megagauss Physics and Technology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Degnan, James H.] AFRL RDHP, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Struve, Kenneth W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Degnan, JH (reprint author), AFRL RDHP, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1718 EP 1718 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2052841 PN 1 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 664LI UT WOS:000282961100001 ER PT J AU Mielke, CH Novac, BM AF Mielke, Charles H. Novac, Bucur Mircea TI Experimental and Numerical Studies of Megagauss Magnetic-Field Generation at LANL-NHMFL SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Magnetic flux compression; numerical modeling; single-turn coil; ultrahigh magnetic fields ID ELECTROMAGNETIC FLUX-COMPRESSION AB The LANL-NHMFL Megagauss Facility has a well-established history of generating ultrahigh magnetic fields beyond 200 T for a broad range of applications. Using the 2-D Loughborough filamentary modeling, a detailed numerical analysis of the single-turn technique was performed. Single-turn calculations for the standard coil (10 x 10 x 3.2 mm) proved to be extremely accurate up to 40-kV capacitor bank charging, corresponding to a field of 185 T, and also revealed important aspects to be observed during experimentation. For pushing the boundaries toward 500 T, a major effort is under way to perform fast electromagnetic flux compression using a pulsed-power system mainly based on the same capacitor bank. Full details of the design for the new arrangement are given, and based on a well-proven 2-D filamentary modeling, the complex phenomena expected during the flux-compression process are highlighted. C1 [Mielke, Charles H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Novac, Bucur Mircea] Univ Loughborough, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. RP Mielke, CH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, NHMFL, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cmielke@lanl.gov; B.M.Novac@lboro.ac.uk RI Mielke, Charles/S-6827-2016 OI Mielke, Charles/0000-0002-2096-5411 FU LANL LDRD-DR [LDRD-DR20030084, LDRD-DR20070013] FX This work was supported in part by the LANL LDRD-DR Program under Grants LDRD-DR20030084 and LDRD-DR20070013. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1739 EP 1749 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2049507 PN 1 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 664LI UT WOS:000282961100006 ER PT J AU Garanin, SF Kuznetsov, SD Atchison, WL Reinovsky, RE Awe, TJ Bauer, BS Fuelling, S Lindemuth, IR Siemon, RE AF Garanin, Sergey F. Kuznetsov, Sergey D. Atchison, Walter L. Reinovsky, Robert E. Awe, Thomas J. Bauer, Bruno S. Fuelling, Stephan Lindemuth, Irvin R. Siemon, Richard E. TI Numerical Simulations of Thick-Aluminum-Wire Behavior Under Megaampere-Current Drive SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Heat conduction; magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) calculations; megagauss field; plasma formation AB A series of experiments to study the behavior of thick wires (0.5-2 mm in diameter) driven by currents of about 1 MA has recently been conducted on the Zebra facility at the University of Nevada, Reno. The objective of these experiments was to study plasma formation on the surface of conductors under the influence of megagauss magnetic fields. Laser shadowgraphy, filtered optical and extreme ultraviolet photodiodes, and extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy used in the experiments provided data on radial expansion of wires and on plasma radiation. This paper focuses on numerical simulations of these experiments. Simulations with wires having diameters up to 1.6 mm demonstrated plasma formation with temperatures above 3 eV, which is in preliminary agreement with the experiment. For 2-mm-diameter wires, although plasma can be observed in the simulations, it has substantially smaller optical thickness than in the simulations of the smaller diameter wires, and the radiation fluxes prove to be much lower. This can shed light on the experimental results where the radiation of the 2-mm wires was very weak. The simulated time dependences of the wire radii agree rather well with the experimental results obtained using laser diagnostics and visible-light imaging. The experimental data of the photodiodes also agree well with the simulated time dependence of the detected radiation. C1 [Garanin, Sergey F.; Kuznetsov, Sergey D.] All Russian Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov 607190, Russia. [Atchison, Walter L.; Reinovsky, Robert E.; Awe, Thomas J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bauer, Bruno S.; Fuelling, Stephan; Lindemuth, Irvin R.; Siemon, Richard E.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89506 USA. RP Garanin, SF (reprint author), All Russian Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov 607190, Russia. EM sfgar@vniief.ru FU LANS/VNIIEF [37713-000-02-35] FX This work was supported in part by LANS/VNIIEF Contract 37713-000-02-35, Task Order 037. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1815 EP 1821 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2052028 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 664LI UT WOS:000282961100018 ER PT J AU Tasker, DG Goforth, JH Oona, H AF Tasker, Douglas G. Goforth, James H. Oona, Henn TI Design Improvements to High-Explosive Pulsed-Power Isentropic-Compression Experiments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Explosively formed fuse (EFF); explosives; high pressures; isentropic compression; opening switch; pulsed power; tantalum AB A series of 1-D isentropic-compression experiments (ICE) has been initiated using the high-explosive pulsed-power (HEPP) system. Accurate high-stress isentropic equation-of-state (EOS) data had been reported using the HEPP-ICE system. A number of important advantages of the system were demonstrated, including higher stresses, higher accuracy, and larger sample sizes than those of other methods. Several potential design improvements have since been identified and tested. The storage inductor was eliminated, and the experiment was performed before the output of the plate flux compression generator could short-circuit itself. This eliminated the loss of current that occurs when the generator plates bounce apart. A new design of explosively formed fuse opening switch was employed with a multipoint initiation system that reduced the explosive mass, significantly reduced the timing jitter by eliminating air gaps, and minimized flux losses. In addition, with this new switch, the resistance-versus-time profile may be adjusted by controlling the initiation times of its four quadrants. Anomalous results were obtained with the new switch. The results of using this switch in an EOS experiment on pure tantalum are reported. C1 [Tasker, Douglas G.; Goforth, James H.; Oona, Henn] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tasker, DG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tasker@lanl.gov; goforthjh@lanl.gov; oona@lanl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1828 EP 1834 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2047120 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 664LI UT WOS:000282961100020 ER PT J AU Turchi, PJ Roderick, NF Degnan, JH Frese, MH Amdahl, DJ AF Turchi, Peter J. Roderick, Norman F. Degnan, James H. Frese, Michael H. Amdahl, David J. TI Review of Some Plasma Gun Techniques for Fusion at Megagauss Energy Densities SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Megagauss; nuclear fusion; plasma guns ID FLOW SWITCH; ELECTROMAGNETIC-IMPLOSION; LINER COMPRESSION; GENERATION; SPEED; FIELD AB Plasma guns offer opportunities to generate and direct plasma flows at high energy density. Typically, such guns comprise coaxial electrodes that are connected to high-current sources (e. g., capacitor banks, pulse lines, inductive stores, or magnetic-flux-compression generators). The basic interactions include ionization of materials such as injected gas or preinstalled wires/foils, acceleration of these materials by the Lorentz force, and expulsion of the resulting plasma flows. We review the use of a particular arrangement in the form of a plasma flow switch that acts as a multimegampere commutator, but it can also provide a magnetized-plasma target for compression by an imploding liner. In a quite separate concept, a plurality of quasi-steady plasma guns in a spherical array provides converging, collimated jets to compress plasma with stand-off from the plasma generators and chamber walls. Such stand-off in a repetitively pulsed system can be crucial for the development of fusion power reactors at megagauss energy densities. C1 [Turchi, Peter J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Roderick, Norman F.; Frese, Michael H.] NumerEx, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Degnan, James H.; Amdahl, David J.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Turchi, PJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1864 EP 1873 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2051043 PN 1 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 664LI UT WOS:000282961100025 ER PT J AU Li, HJ Li, FX Xu, Y Rizy, DT Kueck, JD AF Li, Huijuan Li, Fangxing Xu, Yan Rizy, D. Tom Kueck, John D. TI Adaptive Voltage Control With Distributed Energy Resources: Algorithm, Theoretical Analysis, Simulation, and Field Test Verification SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Ancillary services; distributed energy resources; distributed generators; inverter control; PI control; reactive power; voltage control ID REACTIVE POWER; WIND-TURBINE; GENERATION AB Distributed energy resources (DE) or distributed generators (DG) with power electronics interfaces and logic control using local measurements are capable of providing reactive power related ancillary system services. In particular, local voltage regulation has drawn much attention in regards to power system reliability and voltage stability, especially from past major cascading outages. This paper addresses the challenges of controlling DEs to regulate local voltage in distribution systems. An adaptive voltage control method has been proposed to dynamically modify control parameters to respond to system changes. Theoretical analysis shows that there exists a corresponding formulation of the dynamic control parameters; hence the adaptive control method is theoretically solid. Both simulation and field experiment test results at the Distributed Energy Communications and Controls (DECC) Laboratory confirm that this method is capable of satisfying the fast response requirement for operational use without causing oscillation, inefficiency, or system equipment interference. Since this method has a high tolerance to real-time data shortage and is widely adaptive to variable power system operational situations, it is quite suitable for broad utility application. C1 [Li, Huijuan; Li, Fangxing] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Xu, Yan; Rizy, D. Tom; Kueck, John D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, HJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Li, Fangxing/E-6023-2013 OI Li, Fangxing/0000-0003-1060-7618 FU Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR 22725] FX Manuscript received August 31, 2009; revised December 08, 2009. First published March 15, 2010; current version published July 21, 2010. This work was supported by the Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR 22725 with UT-Battelle and conducted at ORNL and UT Knoxville. Paper no. TPWRS-00697-2009. NR 20 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8950 J9 IEEE T POWER SYST JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 25 IS 3 BP 1638 EP 1647 DI 10.1109/TPWRS.2010.2041015 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 659CP UT WOS:000282544900043 ER PT J AU Ruzer, LS Apte, MG AF Ruzer, Lev S. Apte, Michael G. TI Unattached radon progeny as an experimental tool for dosimetry of nanoaerosols: Proposed method and research strategy SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Unattached radon progeny; nanoaerosol regional dosimetry; surface area; human lung nanoparticle deposition ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; SURFACE-AREA; LUNG; FRACTION; SPECT AB In this paper the authors discuss a method using 1-nm particulate radon decay products as an experimental tool in the study of local lung deposition and dosimetry for nanoaerosols. The study of aerosol exposure and dosimetry measurements, and related quantitative assessment of health effects, are important to the understanding of the consequences of air pollution, and are discussed widely in the scientific literature. During the last 10 years the need to correlate aerosol exposure and biological effects has become especially important due to rapid development of a new, revolutionary industry-nanotechnology. Quantitative assessment of aerosol particle behavior in air, in lung deposition, and dosimetry in different parts of the lung, particularly for nanoaerosols, remains poor despite several decades of study. Direct nanoparticle dose measurements on humans are still needed in order to validate the hollow cast, animal studies, and lung deposition modeling. The issue of the safe use of radon progeny in such measurements is discussed. One of the properties of radon progeny is that they consist partly of 1-nm radioactive particles called unattached activity; having extremely small size and high diffusion coefficients, these particles can be potentially useful as radioactive tracers in the study of nanometer-sized aerosols. C1 [Ruzer, Lev S.; Apte, Michael G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ruzer, LS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Dr Tech Sci,90R3058,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lsruzer@lbl.gov FU Office of Science, US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, US Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 22 IS 9 BP 760 EP 766 DI 10.3109/08958371003758815 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 633VW UT WOS:000280535900006 PM 20433333 ER PT J AU Liu, YH Liu, CT Gali, A Inoue, A Chen, MW AF Liu, Y. H. Liu, C. T. Gali, A. Inoue, A. Chen, M. W. TI Evolution of shear bands and its correlation with mechanical response of a ductile Zr55Pd10Cu20Ni5Al10 bulk metallic glass SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE Bulk metallic glasses; Shear bands; Mechanical properties; Plasticity ID AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; PLASTICITY; COMPRESSION; FLOW; DEFORMATION; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR; BRITTLENESS; PREVALENCE; FRACTURE AB The correlation between three-dimensional spatial evolution of shear bands and mechanical response of a ductile Zr55Pd10Cu20Ni5Al10 bulk metallic glass (BMG) was investigated by an interrupted compression technique combining with systematic scanning electron microscope observations. It was found that the formation of shear bands is determined primarily by the inherent material behavior whereas the external factors, such as surface imperfections, impose only minor influence. At the early stage of plastic deformation, the serration events were discovered to arise from coupled operation of multiple shear bands. The shear band operation takes place in a progressive manner. The resistance for shear band propagation appears to be higher than that for their initiation, leading to an apparent strain-hardening during the transition from elastic deformation to steady plastic flow. The plasticity of BMGs depends on the competition between the formation of new shear bands and the reactivation of primary shear bands during plastic deformation and large plastic strain of ductile BMGs is mainly accomplished by the formation of new shear bands. This study provides comprehensive observations on the low-temperature deformation process of BMGs for understanding the mechanical properties of glassy alloys. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Liu, C. T.] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Hung Hom Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Liu, Y. H.; Inoue, A.; Chen, M. W.] Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Liu, C. T.; Gali, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, CT (reprint author), Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Hung Hom Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM mmct8tc@inet.polyu.edu.hk; mwchen@wpi-aimr.tohoku.ac.jp RI LIU, Yanhui/B-1485-2009; Inoue, Akihisa/E-5271-2015; Chen, Mingwei/A-4855-2010 OI Chen, Mingwei/0000-0002-2850-8872 FU JSPS [20860011]; MEXT, Japan; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; DMES/BES US Department of Energy with ORNL FX The work was sponsored by the "Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists Start-up" (20860011) and "Grant-in-Aid-S", JSPS, "Global COE for Materials Science" and "World Premier International (WPI) Center Initiative", MEXT, Japan. CT Liu was supported by the internal funding from Hong Kong Polytechnic University. CT Liu and A. Gali were also supported by DMES/BES US Department of Energy under contract with ORNL. NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD AUG PY 2010 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1455 EP 1464 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2010.03.037 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 626FZ UT WOS:000279953000006 ER PT J AU Kalay, YE Chumbley, LS Kramer, MJ Anderson, IE AF Kalay, Y. E. Chumbley, L. S. Kramer, M. J. Anderson, I. E. TI Local structure in marginal glass forming Al-Sm alloy SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE Nanostructured intermetallics; Glasses, metallic; Rapid solidification processing; Simulations, Monte Carlo; Diffraction ID METALLIC GLASSES; NANOCRYSTAL DEVELOPMENT; DISORDERED STRUCTURES; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; RANGE ORDER; CRYSTALLIZATION; NUCLEATION; ALUMINUM; SYSTEMS; FE AB The local structure in rapidly quenched Al(100-x)Smx (x = 8, 10, 11, and 12) and liquid Al89Sm11 has been investigated using a combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction (HEXRD). TEM analysis showed a featureless microstructure with diffuse scattering in rapidly quenched Al(100-x)Smx (x = 8, 10, 11, and 12) within the glass formation composition range under the bright field (BF) conditions. Total structure factor analysis of the liquid and as-quenched alloys revealed a pre-peak located well below the main amorphous peak and a distinct side peak. The presence of the pre-peak and the side peak is related to the formation of Sm rich medium range order (MRO) clusters in the liquid that is retained in the as-quenched alloys. Atomic structure models constructed using Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) simulations from experimentally determined total structure factors and coupled with Voronoi Tessellation analysis indicated icosahedral and deformed bcc-like Voronoi polyhedron (VP) surrounding Al and Sm atoms, respectively. Sm atoms were found to be highly coordinated with Al atoms in the first shell neighborhood. The structural unit sizes corresponding to the extra broad peaks and the first shell neighborhood around Sm atoms have remarkable similarities with the high temperature metastable Al11Sm3 tetragonal phase. The existence of the Sm rich MRO clusters in the as-quenched state is believed to promote the high nucleation density of fcc-Al nanocrystals that form when the material is devitrified by acting as catalyst sites. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kalay, Y. E.; Chumbley, L. S.; Kramer, M. J.; Anderson, I. E.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kalay, Y. E.; Chumbley, L. S.; Kramer, M. J.; Anderson, I. E.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kalay, YE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM yekalay@ameslab.gov FU United States Department of Energy (USDOE), Office of Science (OS), Office of Basic Energy Science (BES) [DE-AC02-07CH11358, DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Appreciation is expressed to Shaogang Hao for his valuable help in ab-initio calculations. The work at Ames Laboratory was supported by the United States Department of Energy (USDOE), Office of Science (OS), Office of Basic Energy Science (BES), under Ames Laboratory Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358, the high-energy X-ray work at the MUCAT sector of the APS was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The assistance of Materials Preparation Center of the Ames Laboratory is acknowledged for supplying our samples [27]. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 EI 1879-0216 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD AUG PY 2010 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1676 EP 1682 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2010.05.005 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 626FZ UT WOS:000279953000036 ER PT J AU Nguyen, BN Kunc, V AF Nguyen, Ba Nghiep Kunc, Vlastimil TI An Elastic-plastic Damage Model for Long-fiber Thermoplastics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAMAGE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE long-fiber thermoplastics; injection molding; fiber length distribution; fiber orientation; elastic-plastic; continuum damage; matrix cracking; fiber/matrix debonding; failure; strength ID REINFORCED COMPOSITES; MECHANISTIC APPROACH; PROGRESSIVE DAMAGE; MATRIX COMPOSITES; ORIENTATION; STIFFNESS; INCLUSIONS; PREDICTION; STRENGTH; STRESS AB This article proposes an elastic-plastic damage model that combines micromechanical modeling with continuum damage mechanics to predict the stress-strain response of injection-molded long-fiber thermoplastics. The model accounts for distributions of orientation and length of elastic fibers embedded in a thermoplastic matrix whose behavior is elastic-plastic and damageable. The elastic-plastic damage behavior of the matrix is described by the modified Ramberg-Osgood relation and the 3D damage model in deformation assuming isotropic hardening. Fiber/matrix debonding is accounted for using a parameter that governs the fiber/matrix interface compliance. A linear relationship between this parameter and the matrix damage variable is assumed. First, the elastic-plastic damage behavior of the reference aligned fiber composite containing the same fiber volume fraction and length distribution as the actual composite is computed using an incremental Eshelby-Mori-Tanaka mean field approach. The incremental response of the latter is then obtained from the solution for the aligned-fiber composite by averaging over all fiber orientations. The model is validated against the experimental stress-strain results obtained for long-glass-fiber/polypropylene specimens. C1 [Nguyen, Ba Nghiep] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kunc, Vlastimil] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nguyen, BN (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ba.nguyen@pnl.gov RI Kunc, Vlastimil/E-8270-2017 OI Kunc, Vlastimil/0000-0003-4405-7917 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Vehicle Technologies FX This work has been funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Vehicle Technologies. The support by Dr Joseph Carpenter Jr, Technology Area Development Manager, is gratefully acknowledged. The authors wish to thank Prof. Charles L. Tucker III and Mr Jay H. Phelps at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and Dr Satish K. Bapanapalli at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for the numerous and helpful discussions on LFTs, and also for their supports to the Predictive Engineering Research Program for LFTs. The authors would also like to thank Dr David C. Warren at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Mr Mark T. Smith at PNNL for their constant assistance brought to this Research Program. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 20 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1056-7895 EI 1530-7921 J9 INT J DAMAGE MECH JI Int. J. Damage Mech. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 19 IS 6 BP 691 EP 725 DI 10.1177/1056789509338319 PG 35 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 635OM UT WOS:000280665000002 ER PT J AU Laurinavichene, TV Belokopytov, BF Laurinavichius, KS Tekucheva, DN Seibert, M Tsygankov, AA AF Laurinavichene, Tatyana V. Belokopytov, Boris F. Laurinavichius, Kestutis S. Tekucheva, Darya N. Seibert, Michael Tsygankov, Anatoly A. TI Towards the integration of dark- and photo-fermentative waste treatment. 3. Potato as substrate for sequential dark fermentation and light-driven H-2 production SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen production; Potato homogenate fermentation; Integrated system; Purple photosynthetic bacteria ID HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; BIOHYDROGEN PRODUCTION; ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE; PHOTOPRODUCTION; CAPSULATUS; LACTOBACILLUS; COCULTURES; BACTERIUM; EFFLUENT AB The goal of the study was to characterize H-2 production in an integrated process utilizing potato homogenate (PH) for dark, fermentative H-2 production followed by H-2 photoproduction using purple non-sulfur bacteria. Emphasis was placed on (a) examining potato fermentation effluent (FE) as substrate for H-2 photoproduction, (b) estimating the yield and efficiency of both processes, and (c) elucidating the physiological factors influencing the integrated system as a whole. In the dark stage maximal production of gas (11.5 L L-1 of the culture) and VFA (350 mM) were observed with a PH concentration of 400 g L-1 of medium, but higher yields (0.05 L g(-1) PH; 1.9 mmol g(-1) PH) were obtained at PH concentrations of 50-100 g L-1. H-2 photoproduction by purple bacteria was inhibited at high FE content. Upon suitable dilution, adequate illumination, and supplementation with Fe/Mg/phosphate nutrients, H-2 photoproduction reached 40 L L-1 of non-diluted FE, with a total H-2 yield of 5.6 mol mol(-1) glucose equivalent for the two-stage integrated process. (C) 2010 Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Laurinavichene, Tatyana V.; Tekucheva, Darya N.; Tsygankov, Anatoly A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Basic Biol Problems, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. [Belokopytov, Boris F.; Laurinavichius, Kestutis S.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biochem & Physiol Microorganisms, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. [Seibert, Michael] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Energy Sci Directorate, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Tsygankov, AA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Basic Biol Problems, Inst Skaya 2, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. EM ttt@issp.serpukhov.su RI Tsygankov, Anatoly/K-6541-2013 OI Tsygankov, Anatoly/0000-0003-2376-5658 FU Russian Academy of Sciences [7]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [08-08-12196, 08-04-01004]; NREL, Golden, CO, USA [NFA-7-77613-01]; US Department of Energy under NREL [DE-AC36-08-GO28308] FX We would like to thank Dr. Maria L. Ghirardi for reading the manuscript and for her helpful suggestions on how to improve it. This work was supported by the Program for Basic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences #7 (AAT); the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (08-08-12196; AAT; 08-04-01004; KSL); NREL subcontract NFA-7-77613-01 (Golden, CO, USA; AAT); and by the US Department of Energy's Hydrogen, Fuel Cell and Infrastructure Technologies Program under NREL's Contract #DE-AC36-08-GO28308 (MS). NR 24 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD AUG PY 2010 VL 35 IS 16 BP 8536 EP 8543 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.02.063 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 644AY UT WOS:000281344000018 ER PT J AU Bronkhorst, CA Kalidindi, SR Zavaliangos, A Thamburaja, P AF Bronkhorst, Curt A. Kalidindi, Surya R. Zavaliangos, Antonios Thamburaja, Prakash TI Special issue in honor of Lallit Anand SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Bronkhorst, Curt A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Fluid Dynam & Solid Mech Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kalidindi, Surya R.] Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Thamburaja, Prakash] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Mech Engn, Singapore 117576, Singapore. RP Bronkhorst, CA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Fluid Dynam & Solid Mech Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cabronk@lanl.gov; skalindin@coe.drexel.edu; azavalia@coe.drexel.edu; mpept@nus.edu.sg RI Bronkhorst, Curt/B-4280-2011; Kalidindi, Surya/A-1024-2007; Zavaliangos, Antonios/B-6238-2012; Thamburaja, Prakash/G-2562-2014; OI Bronkhorst, Curt/0000-0002-2709-1964; Kalidindi, Surya/0000-0001-6909-7507 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 26 IS 8 SI SI BP 1071 EP 1072 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2010.06.001 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 639HZ UT WOS:000280967200001 ER PT J AU Huang, EW Barabash, RI Clausen, B Liu, YL Kai, JJ Ice, GE Woods, KP Liaw, PK AF Huang, E-Wen Barabash, Rozaliya I. Clausen, Bjorn Liu, Yee-Lang Kai, Ji-Jung Ice, Gene E. Woods, Kyle P. Liaw, Peter K. TI Fatigue-induced reversible/irreversible structural-transformations in a Ni-based superalloy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE Fatigue; In-situ neutron diffraction; Thermal characterization; Lattice-strain asymmetry; Polycrystal deformation ID LOW-CYCLE-FATIGUE; RESIDUAL-STRESS MEASUREMENT; RANGE INTERNAL-STRESSES; PERSISTENT SLIP BANDS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CRACK PROPAGATION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; POWDER-DIFFRACTION; TEMPERATURE EVOLUTION; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR AB Cyclic loading and the subsequent fatigue-induced structural transformations have been investigated with in-situ neutron diffraction and thermal characterization for a single-phase, polycrystal nickel-based alloy. The lattice-strain evolution is compared with bulk parameters, such as the applied stress and thermal response as a function of the fatigue cycles. In-situ neutron-diffraction and temperature-evolution measurements identify the development of different stages in the fatigue-induced structural transformations, such as bulk hardening, softening, and eventual saturation. An increase in the dislocation density and the formation of planar-patterned dislocation structures are responsible for hardening during the early cycles. With further cyclic loading, the rearrangement of the dislocations results in cyclic softening. A transition is observed during the saturation cycles, which is characterized by the emergence of lattice-strain asymmetry in the loading and transverse directions. The dislocation density and dislocations-wall spacing are determined with diffraction-profile analyses and complemented by transmission-electron microscopy. The thermal behavior of the sample during deformation correlates with corresponding in-situ observation of the time-dependent dislocation structure. An anomaly during saturation cycles is believed to arise from dislocation self-organization - possibly during the formation of microcracks. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Huang, E-Wen; Barabash, Rozaliya I.; Woods, Kyle P.; Liaw, Peter K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Barabash, Rozaliya I.; Ice, Gene E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Clausen, Bjorn] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Liu, Yee-Lang; Kai, Ji-Jung] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Engn & Syst Sci, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RP Barabash, RI (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM barabashr@ornl.gov RI Huang, E-Wen/A-5717-2015; Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015; OI Huang, E-Wen/0000-0003-4986-0661; Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X; KAI, Ji-jung/0000-0001-7848-8753 FU National Science Foundation (NSF); International Materials Institutes (IMI) [DMR-0231320]; International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD); Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Science, U.S. Department of Energy; NSF; Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Science; DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This research is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF), International Materials Institutes (IMI) Program (DMR-0231320). EWH gratefully acknowledges the Ludo Frevel Crystallography Scholarship from The International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD). RIB and GEI are sponsored by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Science, U.S. Department of Energy. KPW is supported by the NSF Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) Program. The Lujan Neutron Scattering Center at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center is funded by the Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Science. The Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by the Los Alamos National Security LLC under the DOE Contract of DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 80 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 26 IS 8 SI SI BP 1124 EP 1137 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2010.01.003 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 639HZ UT WOS:000280967200004 ER PT J AU Kanjarla, AK Van Houtte, P Delannay, L AF Kanjarla, Anand Krishna Van Houtte, Paul Delannay, Laurent TI Assessment of plastic heterogeneity in grain interaction models using crystal plasticity finite element method SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE Crystal plasticity; Finite element analysis; Grain boundary; Triple junction; Stress singularity ID DEFORMATION TEXTURE PREDICTION; PLANE-STRAIN COMPRESSION; POLYCRYSTAL PLASTICITY; NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; METALLIC MATERIALS; IF STEEL; PART I; BOUNDARIES; ALUMINUM; SIMULATIONS AB Micromechanical models aimed at simulating deformation textures and resulting plastic anisotropy need to incorporate local plastic strain heterogeneities arising from grain interactions for better predictions. The ALAMEL model [Van Houtte, P., Li, S., Seefeldt, M., Delannay, L 2005. Deformation texture prediction: from the Taylor model to the advanced Lamel model. Int. J. Plasticity 21, 589-624], is one of the models in which the heterogeneous nature of plastic deformation in metals is introduced by accounting for the influence of a grain boundary on the cooperative deformation of adjacent grains. This is achieved by assuming that neighbouring grains undergo heterogeneous shear rates parallel to the grain boundary. The present article focuses on understanding the plastic deformation fields near the grain boundaries and the influence of grain interaction on intra-grain deformations. Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method (CPFEM) is employed on a periodic unit cell consisting of four grains discretised into a large number of elements. A refined study of the local variation of strain rates, both along and perpendicular to the grain boundaries permits an assessment of the assumptions made in the ALAMEL model. It is shown that the ALAMEL model imbibes the nature of plastic deformation at the grain boundaries very well. However, near triple junctions, the influence of a third grain induces severe oscillations of the stress tensor, reflecting a singularity. According to CPFEM, such singularity can lead to grain subdivision by the formation of new boundaries originating at the triple junction. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kanjarla, Anand Krishna; Van Houtte, Paul] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept MTM, BE-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Delannay, Laurent] Catholic Univ Louvain, Dept Mech Engn Cesame MEMA, BE-1348 Louvain, Belgium. RP Kanjarla, AK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM anandkrishna.kanjarla@mtm.kuleuven.be FU Belgian Science Policy [IAP-06/24] FX Funding from Belgian Science Policy through the Grant IAP-06/24 is gratefully acknowledged. Laurent Delannay is mandated by National Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS, Belgium). The authors acknowledge Steven Van Boxel and Marc See-feldt for helpful discussions and Philip Eyckens for his help with the simulations. NR 58 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 EI 1879-2154 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 26 IS 8 SI SI BP 1220 EP 1233 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2009.05.005 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 639HZ UT WOS:000280967200008 ER PT J AU Luscher, DJ McDowell, DL Bronkhorst, CA AF Luscher, Darby J. McDowell, David L. Bronkhorst, Curt A. TI A second gradient theoretical framework for hierarchical multiscale modeling of materials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE Multiscale; Second gradient; Dissipation; Homogenization ID 2ND-ORDER COMPUTATIONAL HOMOGENIZATION; HETEROGENEOUS MATERIALS; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; ANISOTROPIC DAMAGE; FINITE STRAIN; HIGH-STRENGTH; PLASTICITY; LOCALIZATION; ELEMENT; ELASTOPLASTICITY AB A theoretical framework for the hierarchical multiscale modeling of inelastic response of heterogeneous materials is presented. Within this multiscale framework, the second gradient is used as a nonlocal kinematic link between the response of a material point at the coarse scale and the response of a neighborhood of material points at the fine scale. Kinematic consistency between these scales results in specific requirements for constraints on the fluctuation field. The wryness tensor serves as a second-order measure of strain. The nature of the second-order strain induces anti-symmetry in the first-order stress at the coarse scale. The multiscale internal state variable (ISV) constitutive theory is couched in the coarse scale intermediate configuration, from which an important new concept in scale transitions emerges, namely scale invariance of dissipation. Finally, a strategy for developing meaningful kinematic ISVs and the proper free energy functions and evolution kinetics is presented. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Luscher, Darby J.; McDowell, David L.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Luscher, Darby J.; Bronkhorst, Curt A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [McDowell, David L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP McDowell, DL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM david.mcdowell@me.gatech.edu RI Bronkhorst, Curt/B-4280-2011 OI Bronkhorst, Curt/0000-0002-2709-1964 FU NSF [CMMI 0758265] FX This work was conducted, in part, under the DOE Advanced Simulation and Computing program. D.L. McDowell is grateful for the support of NSF CMMI 0758265 and the Carter N. Paden Jr. Distinguished Chair in Metals Processing. The authors acknowledge insightful comments from the reviewers that helped clarify communication in a few important areas. NR 44 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 26 IS 8 SI SI BP 1248 EP 1275 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2010.05.006 PG 28 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 639HZ UT WOS:000280967200010 ER PT J AU Xu, MY Wu, WM Wu, LY He, ZL Van Nostrand, JD Deng, Y Luo, J Carley, J Ginder-Vogel, M Gentry, TJ Gu, BH Watson, D Jardine, PM Marsh, TL Tiedje, JM Hazen, T Criddle, CS Zhou, JZ AF Xu, Meiying Wu, Wei-Min Wu, Liyou He, Zhili Van Nostrand, Joy D. Deng, Ye Luo, Jian Carley, Jack Ginder-Vogel, Matthew Gentry, Terry J. Gu, Baouhua Watson, David Jardine, Philip M. Marsh, Terence L. Tiedje, James M. Hazen, Terry Criddle, Craig S. Zhou, Jizhong TI Responses of microbial community functional structures to pilot-scale uranium in situ bioremediation SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bioremediation; functional genes; GeoChip; microbial community; uranium bioreduction ID CONTAMINATED SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; GEOCHIP-BASED ANALYSIS; ANAEROMYXOBACTER-DEHALOGENANS; DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS; SUBMICROMOLAR LEVELS; REDUCTION; AQUIFER; BIOREDUCTION; REOXIDATION; MICROARRAY AB A pilot-scale field test system with an inner loop nested within an outer loop was constructed for in situ U(VI) bioremediation at a US Department of Energy site, Oak Ridge, TN. The outer loop was used for hydrological protection of the inner loop where ethanol was injected for biostimulation of microorganisms for U(VI) reduction/immobilization. After 2 years of biostimulation with ethanol, U(VI) levels were reduced to below drinking water standard (<30 mu g l(-1)) in the inner loop monitoring wells. To elucidate the microbial community structure and functions under in situ uranium bioremediation conditions, we used a comprehensive functional gene array (GeoChip) to examine the microbial functional gene composition of the sediment samples collected from both inner and outer loop wells. Our study results showed that distinct microbial communities were established in the inner loop wells. Also, higher microbial functional gene number, diversity and abundance were observed in the inner loop wells than the outer loop wells. In addition, metal-reducing bacteria, such as Desulfovibrio, Geobacter, Anaeromyxobacter and Shewanella, and other bacteria, for example, Rhodopseudomonas and Pseudomonas, are highly abundant in the inner loop wells. Finally, the richness and abundance of microbial functional genes were highly correlated with the mean travel time of groundwater from the inner loop injection well, pH and sulfate concentration in groundwater. These results suggest that the indigenous microbial communities can be successfully stimulated for U bioremediation in the groundwater ecosystem, and their structure and performance can be manipulated or optimized by adjusting geochemical and hydrological conditions. The ISME Journal (2010) 4, 1060-1070; doi:10.1038/ismej.2010.31; published online 18 March 2010 C1 [Xu, Meiying; Wu, Liyou; He, Zhili; Van Nostrand, Joy D.; Deng, Ye; Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Xu, Meiying; Wu, Liyou; He, Zhili; Van Nostrand, Joy D.; Deng, Ye; Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Xu, Meiying] Guangdong Inst Microbiol, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Microbial Culture Collect, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Wu, Wei-Min; Ginder-Vogel, Matthew; Criddle, Craig S.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Luo, Jian] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Carley, Jack; Gentry, Terry J.; Gu, Baouhua; Watson, David; Jardine, Philip M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Marsh, Terence L.; Tiedje, James M.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hazen, Terry; Zhou, Jizhong] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Zhou, JZ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, 101 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM jzhou@ou.edu RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012; Deng, Ye/A-2571-2013; He, Zhili/C-2879-2012; Watson, David/C-3256-2016; Van Nostrand, Joy/F-1740-2016; Hazen, Terry/C-1076-2012; OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956; Watson, David/0000-0002-4972-4136; Van Nostrand, Joy/0000-0001-9548-6450; Hazen, Terry/0000-0002-2536-9993; ?, ?/0000-0002-7584-0632 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; US Department of Energy; Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology; Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong, China [9351007002000001] FX We thank Tonia Mehlhorn, Sue Carroll and Kenneth Lowe for sampling and analytical help. This work was a part of the Virtual Institute for Microbial Stress and Survival (http://VIMSS.lbl.gov) supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Genomics Program: GTL through contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the US Department of Energy, the Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology under Oklahoma Applied Research Support Program, and by the Team Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong, China (9351007002000001). NR 48 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 4 U2 57 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1751-7362 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 4 IS 8 BP 1060 EP 1070 DI 10.1038/ismej.2010.31 PG 11 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 634OM UT WOS:000280592600010 PM 20237512 ER PT J AU Hardcastle, HK Jorgensen, GJ Bingham, CE AF Hardcastle, Henry K. Jorgensen, Gary J. Bingham, Carl E. TI Ultra-Accelerated Weathering System I: Design and Functional Considerations SO JCT COATINGSTECH LA English DT Article C1 [Hardcastle, Henry K.] Atlas Mat Testing Technol LLC, Chicago, IL USA. [Jorgensen, Gary J.; Bingham, Carl E.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Hardcastle, HK (reprint author), Atlas Mat Testing Technol LLC, Chicago, IL USA. EM KHardcastle@atlas-mts.com FU DOE; IPP FX The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the memory, leadership, and technical vision of Dr. Alexey N. Alikhanov for preparing the foundation of this program for success he is missed. The authors would also like to gratefully acknowledge the leadership. and technical vision of Allan Lewandowski for providing the direction of this project. The authors would like to thank the DOE as well as organizers of the IPP program for support of this effort. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION SOC COATINGS TECHNOLOGY PI BLUE BELL PA 527 PLYMOUTH RD, STE 415, BLUE BELL, PA 19462 USA SN 1547-0083 J9 JCT COATINGSTECH JI JCT Coatingstech PD AUG PY 2010 VL 7 IS 8 BP 28 EP 37 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 641ET UT WOS:000281108300004 ER PT J AU Kennedy, TF McDonald, JG Connery, J Purvis, G AF Kennedy, T. F. McDonald, J. G. Connery, J. Purvis, G. TI A comparison of the occurrence of aphids and barley yellow dwarf virus in minimum-till and conventional-till autumn-sown cereals SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WINTER OILSEED RAPE; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; REDUCED TILLAGE; SPRING CEREALS; SITOBION-AVENAE; COTTON FIELDS; WHEAT; TRANSMISSION; POPULATIONS; HOMOPTERA AB Winter barley was sown by conventional-tillage (CT) and minimum-tillage (MT) cultivation over three seasons. Each cultivation treatment was split so that straw was incorporated into the soil during cultivation in one split, while the other did not receive straw. Aphid occurrences in autumn and incidence of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) in spring were compared. Similar investigations on winter wheat were made over a further three seasons. The method of cultivation affected the number of aphids on barley and wheat plants in autumn and on wheat heads in summer; MT had fewest aphids. Soil incorporation of straw during cultivation had a similar effect. Method of cultivation affected the incidence of BYDV disease, with MT having least infection. Straw-treated cereal plots had fewer aphids and less BY DV than no-straw plots. Aphids and virus reached damaging levels only in the first barley crop. In this season, MT barley had significantly fewer aphids (48% fewer) and significantly less BYDV (71% less) than CT. Straw-treated plots within the CT system had rather similar aphid infestation and BYDV incidence as no-straw plots. Barley grown in the MT system with straw added had significantly fewer aphids (68%) than in the case when no straw was added. Overall, aphids in autumn were significantly fewer on MT relative to CT cereals in three of the six seasons and significantly fewer on straw relative to no-straw plots in two seasons. Aphids on wheat heads in summer were significantly fewer in MT relative to CT plots in one of the three seasons. Aphids on heads were also significantly fewer on straw-treated plots within each system of cultivation in two seasons, while MT wheat with straw had significantly fewer aphids/head than those without straw in one season. BYDV was lower each season in MT barley and wheat when compared with CT crops. These differences were significant for two of the three seasons in which each crop was grown. There was a lower incidence of virus in straw-treated plots than in no-straw plots. This effect was significant for one of the three seasons in which barley and wheat were grown. Plant and tiller density did not differ significantly between MT and CT barley either with or without straw incorporation. Plant density of wheat in autumn was significantly lower for straw-treated plots relative to no-straw plots in one season. Wheat head density was lower for MT relative to CT in one season, while MT with straw had significantly fewer heads than CT plots with straw in two seasons. BYDV significantly reduced grain yield only in 2001/02 when incidence of the disease was high. Grain yield in 2001/02 was 0.95 t/ha (16%) greater for MT barley, due to less BYDV, than for CT. Straw-treated CT barley outyielded no-straw plots by 0.45 t/ha, while the comparable value for the MT system was 0.3 t/ha. The combined effect of MT plus straw had a 1.24 t/ha (21%) yield advantage over CT without straw. It is concluded that MT cereals sown at the same time as CT crops in autumn have a lower risk of aphid infestation and BYDV infection than CT crops. The soil incorporation of straw further enhances the beneficial impact of MT in reducing aphids and virus. C1 [Kennedy, T. F.; McDonald, J. G.; Connery, J.] TEAGASC, Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. [McDonald, J. G.; Purvis, G.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Dublin 4, Ireland. RP Kennedy, TF (reprint author), TEAGASC, Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. EM tom.kennedy@teagasc.ie NR 80 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 23 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0021-8596 J9 J AGR SCI JI J. Agric. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 148 BP 407 EP 419 DI 10.1017/S0021859610000304 PN 4 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 628MJ UT WOS:000280124000004 ER PT J AU Fujimura, KE Johnson, CC Ownby, DR Cox, MJ Brodie, EL Havstad, SL Zoratti, EM Woodcroft, KJ Bobbitt, KR Wegienka, G Boushey, HA Lynch, SV AF Fujimura, Kei E. Johnson, Christine C. Ownby, Dennis R. Cox, Michael J. Brodie, Eoin L. Havstad, Suzanne L. Zoratti, Edward M. Woodcroft, Kimberley J. Bobbitt, Kevin R. Wegienka, Ganesa Boushey, Homer A. Lynch, Susan V. TI Man's best friend? The effect of pet ownership on house dust microbial communities SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID EXPOSURE; ALLERGY C1 [Fujimura, Kei E.; Cox, Michael J.; Lynch, Susan V.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Gastroenterol, Colitis & Crohns Dis Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Boushey, Homer A.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care, San Francisco, CA USA. [Johnson, Christine C.; Havstad, Suzanne L.; Woodcroft, Kimberley J.; Bobbitt, Kevin R.; Wegienka, Ganesa] Henry Ford Hosp, Dept Biostat & Res Epidemiol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Zoratti, Edward M.] Henry Ford Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Div Allergy & Immunol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Ownby, Dennis R.] Med Coll Georgia, Dept Pediat, Div Allergy Immunol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. [Brodie, Eoin L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Fujimura, KE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Gastroenterol, Colitis & Crohns Dis Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM susan.lynch@ucsf.edu RI Cox, Michael/A-6959-2010; Brodie, Eoin/A-7853-2008; OI Brodie, Eoin/0000-0002-8453-8435; Johnson, Christine Cole/0000-0002-6864-6604; Cox, Michael/0000-0002-4002-1506 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI050681, R01 AI050681-05, R01 AI059415, R01 AI059415-05]; PHS HHS [A159415, A150681] NR 9 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 4 U2 21 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 126 IS 2 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.05.042 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 642IL UT WOS:000281203800038 PM 20633927 ER PT J AU Park, ES Chang, HJ Kim, DH AF Park, E. S. Chang, H. J. Kim, D. H. TI Improvement of glass-forming ability and phase separation in Cu-Ti-rich Cu-Ti-Zr-Ni-Si bulk metallic glasses SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Metastable, Amorphous and Nanostructured Materials CY JUL 05-09, 2009 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Metallic glass; Liquid quenching; Phase separation ID AL-CO ALLOY; PLASTICITY; ENHANCEMENT; COMPOSITES; MICROSTRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR; NB AB Present study reports improvement of glass-forming ability (GFA) and phase separation in Cu-Ti-rich Cu-Ti-Zr-Ni-Si bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) by tailoring the constituent elements. The MA of metalloid element, Sn having relatively large negative enthalpy of mixing can lead to improve GFA (up to 8 mm in diameter) as well as thermal stability (up to Delta T-x = 48 K) by optimizing the substitution element. And the addition of elements having relatively large positive enthalpy of mixing (partial substitution of Zr or Ti with Y) can lead to the liquid state phase separation in Cu-Ti-Sn-Zr-Ni-Si BMG, although the addition lead to drastic deterioration of the GFA. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Park, E. S.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Res Inst Adv Mat, Seoul 151744, South Korea. [Chang, H. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kim, D. H.] Yonsei Univ, Dept Met Engn, Ctr Noncrystalline Mat, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Park, ES (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Res Inst Adv Mat, Seoul 151744, South Korea. EM espark@snu.ac.kr RI Park, Eun Soo/A-4443-2008; Kim, Do Hyang/J-6575-2012; bang, changwook/J-7922-2012; Park, Eun Soo/A-9860-2014 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 504 SU 1 BP S27 EP S30 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.04.129 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 693VD UT WOS:000285252600008 ER PT J AU Afonine, PV Grosse-Kunstleve, RW Chen, VB Headd, JJ Moriarty, NW Richardson, JS Richardson, DC Urzhumtsev, A Zwart, PH Adams, PD AF Afonine, Pavel V. Grosse-Kunstleve, Ralf W. Chen, Vincent B. Headd, Jeffrey J. Moriarty, Nigel W. Richardson, Jane S. Richardson, David C. Urzhumtsev, Alexandre Zwart, Peter H. Adams, Paul D. TI phenix.model_vs_data: a high-level tool for the calculation of crystallographic model and data statistics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; STRUCTURE VALIDATION; ELECTRON-DENSITY; MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; RE-REFINEMENT; NMR SYSTEM; MAPS; SOFTWARE; PDB AB phenix.model_vs_data is a high-level command-line tool for the computation of crystallographic model and data statistics, and the evaluation of the fit of the model to data. Analysis of all Protein Data Bank structures that have experimental data available shows that in most cases the reported statistics, in particular R factors, can be reproduced within a few percentage points. However, there are a number of outliers where the recomputed R values are significantly different from those originally reported. The reasons for these discrepancies are discussed. C1 [Afonine, Pavel V.; Grosse-Kunstleve, Ralf W.; Moriarty, Nigel W.; Zwart, Peter H.; Adams, Paul D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chen, Vincent B.; Headd, Jeffrey J.; Richardson, Jane S.; Richardson, David C.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Urzhumtsev, Alexandre] CNRS INSERM UdS, IGBMC, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. [Urzhumtsev, Alexandre] Univ Nancy, Dept Phys Nancy 1, Fac Sci & Technol, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Adams, Paul D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Afonine, PV (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS64R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pafonine@lbl.gov RI Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013 OI Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; NIH/NIGMS [1P01GM063210] FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098 and NIH/NIGMS grant No. 1P01GM063210. NR 52 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 43 BP 669 EP 676 DI 10.1107/S0021889810015608 PN 4 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 619KQ UT WOS:000279429500002 PM 20648263 ER PT J AU Bowden, M Ryan, M AF Bowden, Mark Ryan, Martin TI Absorption correction for cylindrical and annular specimens and their containers or supports SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CYLINDERS; LAB6; TEMPERATURE AB The absorption correction for cylindrical specimens, typically capillary or annular, is affected by absorption in both the specimen and the supporting material. These corrections are calculated here using numerical integration of the lengths through the different regions of the specimen that the beam traverses. Suitable formulae have been derived and built in to a computer program for calculating the absorption correction for a range of cylindrical geometries. The influence of absorption in the support is most significant for annular specimens on a highly absorbing core, and for capillary specimens of highly absorbing compounds. The error arising from neglecting absorption in the specimen and additionally in the capillary is demonstrated in Rietveld refinements of LaB(6). Interpolation of correction factors between values calculated at discrete theta intervals, and theta offsets arising from absorption, are also discussed. RP Bowden, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mark.bowden@pnl.gov FU New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology FX The authors thank Dr Kia Wallwork from the powder diffraction beamline at the Australian Synchrotron, Victoria, Australia, for assistance. Funding from the New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 43 BP 693 EP 698 DI 10.1107/S0021889810021114 PN 4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 619KQ UT WOS:000279429500005 ER PT J AU Agamalian, M Carpenter, JM Treimer, W AF Agamalian, Michael Carpenter, John M. Treimer, Wolfgang TI Remarkable precision of the 90-year-old dynamic diffraction theories of Darwin and Ewald SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; X-RAY-SCATTERING; BONSE-HART CAMERA; CRYSTAL OPTICS; PERFECT CRYSTALS; OPTIMIZATION; REFLECTION; INSTRUMENT; CURVES; DESIGN AB The reflectivity functions calculated by Bonse and Hart for a multi-bounce channel-cut single crystal, following the 90-year-old theories of Darwin and Ewald, exhibit extremely narrow nearly rectangular profiles. This feature provides ultra-high angular resolution and sensitivity for the double-crystal diffractometers now widely used for the observation of large-scale structures in condensed matter. However, the experimental results are several orders of magnitude poorer than the theoretical prediction, the 'wings problem'. The reason for this discrepancy has remained unidentified for more than 40 years, creating problems for both theory and practice. A solution to this problem for neutron diffraction in Si channel-cut crystals is presented here. The results enable nearly theoretical functions of multiple reflectivity to be obtained, demonstrate the remarkable precision of the Darwin and Ewald theories in the range of the wings, and give rise to much improved sensitivity for the next generation of Bonse-Hart double-crystal diffractometers. C1 [Agamalian, Michael; Carpenter, John M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Carpenter, John M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Treimer, Wolfgang] Univ Appl Sci TFH, Beuth Hsch Tech Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. [Treimer, Wolfgang] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. RP Agamalian, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM magamalian@sns.gov OI Agamalian, Michael/0000-0002-9112-2534 FU US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; BMBF [03TR7TFH/05KN7KF1]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy FX The US Department of Energy (DOE) supported the work at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This research for the ORNL Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. This work was supported by the BMBF (project No. 03TR7TFH/05KN7KF1). NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 43 BP 900 EP 906 DI 10.1107/S0021889810021072 PN 4 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 619KQ UT WOS:000279429500030 ER PT J AU Huang, XR AF Huang, X. R. TI LauePt, a graphical-user-interface program for simulating and analyzing white-beam X-ray diffraction Laue patterns SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Software Review ID TOPOGRAPHY; NDP5O14 AB LauePt is a robust and extremely easy-to-use Windows application for accurately simulating, indexing and analyzing white-beam X-ray diffraction Laue patterns of any crystals under arbitrary diffraction geometry. This program has a user-friendly graphic interface and can be conveniently used by nonspecialists with little X-ray diffraction or crystallography knowledge. Its wide range of applications include (1) determination of single-crystal orientation with the Laue method, (2) white-beam topography, (3) white-beam microdiffraction, (4) X-ray studies of twinning, domains and heterostructures, (5) verification or determination of crystal structures from white-beam diffraction, and (6) teaching of X-ray crystallography. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Huang, XR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM xiahuang@aps.anl.gov NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 EI 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 43 BP 926 EP 928 DI 10.1107/S0021889810015013 PN 4 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 619KQ UT WOS:000279429500035 ER PT J AU Azarov, AY Titov, AI Kucheyev, SO AF Azarov, A. Yu. Titov, A. I. Kucheyev, S. O. TI Effect of pre-existing disorder on surface amorphization in GaN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IMPLANTED GAN AB Single crystal GaN epilayers with pre-existing surface disordered layers are bombarded at room temperature with 40 and 100 keV P ions. Stable lattice defects are studied by Rutherford backscattering/channeling spectrometry. Results show that the rate of planar surface amorphization is independent of the concentration of pre-existing defects near the amorphous/crystalline (a/c) interface. In contrast, the formation of stable defects in the crystal bulk in the vicinity of an a/c interface is influenced by the presence of the interface. These experimental observations suggest that the a/c interface, as compared to stable bulk damage, is a more efficient sink for mobile point defects with respect to both processes of point defect recombination and trapping. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3462380] C1 [Azarov, A. Yu.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Titov, A. I.] State Polytech Univ, Dept Phys Elect, St Petersburg 195251, Russia. [Kucheyev, S. O.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Azarov, AY (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, POB 1048 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM a.y.azarow@smn.uio.no RI Titov, Andrey/A-4608-2017 OI Titov, Andrey/0000-0003-4933-9534 FU RFFI [09-08-92657, 08-08-00585]; LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Norwegian Research Council FX The authors would like to thank P. A. Karaseov for helpful discussions. Work in St. Petersburg was supported by RFFI (Grant Nos. 09-08-92657 and 08-08-00585). Work at LLNL was performed under the auspices of the U. S. DOE by LLNL under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. Work in UiO was supported from the Norwegian Research Council via FRINAT and RENERGI programs. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 3 AR 033505 DI 10.1063/1.3462380 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 638ZQ UT WOS:000280941000024 ER PT J AU Lin, WC Wu, CB Hsu, PJ Yen, HY Gai, Z Gao, L Shen, JA Lin, MT AF Lin, Wen-Chin Wu, C. B. Hsu, P. J. Yen, H. Y. Gai, Zheng Gao, Lan Shen, Jian Lin, Minn-Tsong TI Coverage dependence of magnetic domain structure and magnetic anisotropy in supported Fe nanoparticles on Al2O3/NiAl(100) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN ALUMINA FILM; FORCE MICROSCOPY; NUCLEATION; CO; ASSEMBLIES; DYNAMICS; GROWTH; ARRAYS AB Studies of magnetic domain and magnetic anisotropy in collected nanoparticles are crucial for both understanding interparticle interaction and engineering in applications. In order to characterize the microscopic surface morphology and the nanoscale magnetic domain structure of Fe nanoparticles, a scanning tunneling microscope and a scanning electron microscope with polarization analysis (SEMPA) were used in our experiment. For the coverage of 9-13 monolayers (MLs) Fe deposited on Al2O3/NiAl(100), circular and well-separated nanoparticles were grown. As the coverage increased up to 23-33 ML, these Fe nanoparticles started to coalesce and form elongated islands. Therefore a transition from isotropic to anisotropic in-plane magnetism was observed. Our proposed uniaxial magnetic anisotropy models effectively explain the azimuthal angle dependent two-step hysteresis loops. Moreover, the in situ measured SEMPA images clearly show the coverage dependent evolution of magnetic domain structure. Variations in interparticle interaction and magnetic correlation length with increasing Fe coverage are also reported. c 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3457794] C1 [Lin, Wen-Chin] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 11677, Taiwan. [Wu, C. B.; Hsu, P. J.; Yen, H. Y.; Lin, Minn-Tsong] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Gai, Zheng; Gao, Lan; Shen, Jian] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase, Div Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gai, Zheng; Gao, Lan; Shen, Jian] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lin, Minn-Tsong] Acad Sinica, Inst Atom & Mol Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. RP Lin, WC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 11677, Taiwan. EM wclin@ntnu.edu.tw RI Lin, Minn-Tsong/F-7937-2012; Lin, Wen-Chin/I-3912-2012; Gai, Zheng/B-5327-2012 OI Lin, Minn-Tsong/0000-0001-7735-4219; Gai, Zheng/0000-0002-6099-4559 FU National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC 96-2120-M-002-011, NSC 95-2112-M-002-051-MY3, NSC 96-2112-M-003-015-MY3]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan under Grant Nos. NSC 96-2120-M-002-011, NSC 95-2112-M-002-051-MY3, and NSC 96-2112-M-003-015-MY3. A portion of this research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 3 AR 034312 DI 10.1063/1.3457794 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 638ZQ UT WOS:000280941000105 ER PT J AU Martin, I Halasz, GB Bulaevskii, LN Koshelev, AE AF Martin, I. Halasz, Gabor B. Bulaevskii, L. N. Koshelev, A. E. TI Shunt-capacitor-assisted synchronization of oscillations in intrinsic Josephson junctions stack SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION; ARRAYS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; RADIATION AB We show that a shunt capacitor, by coupling each Josephson junction to all the other junctions, stabilizes synchronized oscillations in an intrinsic Josephson junction stack biased by a dc current. This synchronization mechanism is similar to the previously discussed radiative coupling between junctions, however, it is not defined by the geometry of the stack. It is particularly important in crystals with smaller numbers of junctions (where the radiation coupling is weak), and is comparable with the effect of strong super-radiation in crystals with many junctions. The shunt also helps to enter the phase-locked regime in the beginning of the oscillations, after switching on the bias current. Furthermore, it may be used to tune radiation power, which drops as the shunt capacitance increases. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3467962] C1 [Martin, I.; Halasz, Gabor B.; Bulaevskii, L. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Koshelev, A. E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Martin, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM i-martin@lanl.gov RI Koshelev, Alexei/K-3971-2013 OI Koshelev, Alexei/0000-0002-1167-5906 FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; LANL/LDRD; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [PHY05-51164] FX The work of I.M. and L.N.B. was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 and supported by the LANL/LDRD Program. The work of A. K. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under the Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 (ANL). I.M. and L.N.B. were supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY05-51164. G.B.H. acknowledges Professor J. Driscoll of Trinity College, Cambridge, for supporting this research. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 3 AR 033908 DI 10.1063/1.3467962 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 638ZQ UT WOS:000280941000069 ER PT J AU Yong, GJ Kolagani, RM Adhikari, S Vanderlinde, W Liang, Y Muramatsu, K Friedrich, S AF Yong, G. J. Kolagani, Rajeswari M. Adhikari, S. Vanderlinde, W. Liang, Y. Muramatsu, K. Friedrich, S. TI Thermal stability of SrTiO3/SiO2/Si Interfaces at Intermediate Oxygen Pressures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SILICON; DECOMPOSITION; SI(001); GROWTH; OXIDES; HETEROEPITAXY; DIELECTRICS; SRTIO3 AB The thermal stability of epitaxial SrTiO3 thin films grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on Si (001) has been studied using x-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermodynamic calculations. Our studies focus on the stability of the SrTiO3/Si structures under the conditions typically employed in the pulse laser deposition (PLD) growth of complex metal oxide heteroepitaxy on Si. We observe additional Bragg peaks in thermally treated SrTiO3 buffered Si structures, corresponding to possibly TiSi2 and/or SrSiO3, reaction products which are consistent with the reaction schemes we propose. In addition, OM and SEM reveal microstructures that are not readily accounted for solely by the solid state reactions as put forth by previous workers but can be reasonably explained by our proposed reaction schemes. Using our observations and thermodynamic analysis, we argue that reactions involving the gaseous species SiO(g), the reactivity of which has not been previously considered in this system, are important. We attribute the onset of degradation of the SrTiO3 film at high temperatures, to the circular void forming reaction Si(s) + SiO2(s) -> 2SiO(g) at the interface and suggest that the reactions considered by previous workers involving all solid state reactants occurs only at the conclusion of degradation. Our results points to the need for keeping the PLD temperature as low as possible to minimize the production of reactive SiO(g) in avoiding the deleterious reactions. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3460098] C1 [Yong, G. J.; Kolagani, Rajeswari M.; Adhikari, S.] Towson Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Vanderlinde, W.] Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liang, Y.] Motorola LabS, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. [Muramatsu, K.] Hirox USA Inc, River Edge, NJ 07661 USA. [Friedrich, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Yong, GJ (reprint author), Towson Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Jess and Mildred Fisher College of Science and Mathematics, Towson University; Research Corporation [CC 6291] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. We acknowledge support from the undergraduate research grant to Sanjay Adhikari from the Jess and Mildred Fisher College of Science and Mathematics, Towson University. Thanks are due to Jeff Klupt for help with laboratory instrumentation. R.K. acknowledges support from the Cottrell College Science Award from the Research Corporation through Grant No. CC 6291. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 3 AR 033502 DI 10.1063/1.3460098 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 638ZQ UT WOS:000280941000021 ER PT J AU Yu, XY Petrocchi, AJ Craig, DK Glantz, CS Trott, DM Ciolek, J Lu, PY Bond, JA Tuccinardi, TE Bouslaugh, P AF Yu, Xiao-Ying Petrocchi, Achille J. Craig, Douglas K. Glantz, Clifford S. Trott, Donna M. Ciolek, John Lu, Po-Yung Bond, Jayne-Anne Tuccinardi, Thomas E., Jr. Bouslaugh, Philip TI The development and application of the chemical mixture methodology in analysis of potential health impacts from airborne release in emergencies SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE chemical mixture methodology, health code numbers; acute health effects, chronic health effects, exposures, emergency ID RESPONSE PLANNING GUIDELINES; HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES; LIMITS AB The Chemical Mixture Methodology ((MM) is used for emergency response and safety planning by the US Department of Energy, its contractors and other private and public sector organizations. The CMM estimates potential health impacts on individuals and their ability to take protective actions as a result of exposure to airborne chemical mixtures. It is based on the concentration of each chemical in the mixture at a designated receptor location, the protective action criteria (PAC) providing chemical-specific exposure limit values and the health code numbers (HCNs) that identify the target organ groupings that may be impacted by exposure to each chemical in a mixture. The CMM has been significantly improved since its introduction more than 10 years ago. Major enhancements involve the expansion of the number of HCNs from 44 to 60 and inclusion of updated PAC values based on an improved development methodology and updates in the data used to derive the PAC values. Comparisons between the 1999 and 2009 versions of the (MM show potentially substantial changes in the assessment results for selected sets of chemical mixtures. In particular, the toxic mode hazard indices (His) and target organ His are based on more refined acute HCNs, thereby improving the quality of chemical consequence assessment, emergency planning and emergency response decision-making. Seven hypothetical chemical storage and processing scenarios are used to demonstrate how the (MM is applied in emergency planning and hazard assessment. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Yu, Xiao-Ying; Glantz, Clifford S.; Trott, Donna M.; Bouslaugh, Philip] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Petrocchi, Achille J.] Petrocchi LLC, Evergreen, CO 80439 USA. [Craig, Douglas K.; Bond, Jayne-Anne; Tuccinardi, Thomas E., Jr.] Adv Technol & Labs Int Inc, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. [Ciolek, John] Alpha TRAC Inc, Westminster, CO 80031 USA. [Lu, Po-Yung] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yu, XY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Yu, Xiao-Ying/L-9385-2013 OI Yu, Xiao-Ying/0000-0002-9861-3109 FU US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work would not possible without the support and encouragement of James Fairobent, David Freshwater, James Powers and other members of the Department of Energy Office of Emergency Management and Policy. The authors would also like to thank James Jamison of SAIC Inc and Jeremy Rishel of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for their insightful comments and suggestions Additional thanks go to our fellow members of the expanded TEEL Advisory Group, including Vernon McDougall, Richard Thomas and Eva Hickey The content and conclusions expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of DOE or their employers. PNNL is operated by Battelle for the US Department of Energy (DOE) under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 513 EP 524 DI 10.1002/jat.1558 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 647KG UT WOS:000281616800002 PM 20635331 ER PT J AU Byrne-Bailey, KG Wrighton, KC Melnyk, RA Agbo, P Hazen, TC Coates, JD AF Byrne-Bailey, Kathryne G. Wrighton, Kelly C. Melnyk, Ryan A. Agbo, Peter Hazen, Terry C. Coates, John D. TI Complete Genome Sequence of the Electricity-Producing "Thermincola potens" Strain JR SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEOBACTER-SULFURREDUCENS; SP-NOV.; GENES; RESPIRATION; SHEWANELLA; REDUCTION; BACTERIUM AB "Thermincola potens" strain JR is one of the first Gram-positive dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria (DMRB) for which there is a complete genome sequence. Consistent with the physiology of this organism, preliminary annotation revealed an abundance of multiheme c-type cytochromes that are putatively associated with the periplasm and cell surface in a Gram-positive bacterium. Here we report the complete genome sequence of strain JR. C1 [Byrne-Bailey, Kathryne G.; Wrighton, Kelly C.; Melnyk, Ryan A.; Agbo, Peter; Coates, John D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hazen, Terry C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Coates, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jdcoates@berkeley.edu RI Hazen, Terry/C-1076-2012 OI Hazen, Terry/0000-0002-2536-9993 FU Department of Energy (DOE) Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD); University of California (UC) Berkeley; UC Berkeley FX Funding for this work was provided to J.D.C. through the Department of Energy (DOE) Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program and by the Sustainable Products and Solutions Program at the University of California (UC) Berkeley. K.W. was supported by a Tien Fellowship from UC Berkeley. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 192 IS 15 BP 4078 EP 4079 DI 10.1128/JB.00044-10 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 623XZ UT WOS:000279782000029 PM 20525829 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Xu, R Zhao, MJ AF Zhang, Fang Xu, Ren Zhao, Mu-jun TI QSG-7701 Human Hepatocytes Form Polarized Acini in Three-Dimensional Culture SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE HEPATOCYTES; THREE-DIMENSIONAL CULTURE; MORPHOGENESIS; POLARITY; ACINUS; BILE CANALICULUS ID RAT HEPATOCYTES; IN-VITRO; CELLS; LIVER; EXPRESSION; DIFFERENTIATION; MAINTENANCE; MATRIX; CONFIGURATION; ARCHITECTURE AB Hepatocytes are polarized and fulfill a variety of liver-specific functions in vivo, but the polarized tissue structure and many of these functions are lost when the cells are cultured on plastic. To recapitulate the polarized structure and tissue-specific function of liver cells in culture, we established a three-dimensional (3D) culture assay with the human hepatocyte line QSG-7701. In 3D Matrigel culture, QSG-7701 cells formed polarized spheroids with a center lumen, which is reminiscent of bile canaliculi in the liver. Immunofluoresence analysis showed that F-actin bundles and radixin were mainly located at the apical membrane and that alpha 6 and beta 1 integrins were localized basally in 3D culture Lumen formation was associated with the selective apoptosis of centrally located cells and was accompanied by proliferative suppression during acmar development. Compared to QSG-7701 cells in 2D or agarose gel cultures, the cells in 3D Matrigel culture maintained a given direction of biliary excretion and acquired higher levels of cytochrome P450 and albumin expression Our study shows that the immortal human hepatocytes. QSG-7701, in 3D Matrigel culture reacquire cardinal features of glandular epithelium in vivo, providing an ex vivo model to study liver-specific function and tumorigenesis. J Cell Biochem. 110: 1175-1186, 2010 (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss. Inc C1 [Zhang, Fang; Zhao, Mu-jun] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Inst Biochem & Cell Biol, State Key Lab Mol Biol, Shanghai 200031, Peoples R China. [Xu, Ren] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhao, MJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Inst Biochem & Cell Biol, State Key Lab Mol Biol, 320 Yue Yang Rd, Shanghai 200031, Peoples R China. FU National Key Science & Technology Special Project of China [2008ZX 10002-020, 2008ZX 10002-017] FX Grant sponsor National Key Science & Technology Special Project of China, Grant numbers 2008ZX 10002-020, 2008ZX 10002-017 NR 42 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 110 IS 5 BP 1175 EP 1186 DI 10.1002/jcb.22632 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 632PE UT WOS:000280435900016 PM 20564214 ER PT J AU Umali, AP Anslyn, EV Wright, AT Blieden, CR Smith, CK Tian, TA Truong, JA Crumm, CE Garcia, JE Lee, S Mosier, M Nguyen, CP AF Umali, Alona P. Anslyn, Eric V. Wright, Aaron T. Blieden, Clifford R. Smith, Carolyne K. Tian, Tian Truong, Jennifer A. Crumm, Caitlin E. Garcia, Jorge E. Lee, Soal Mosier, Meredith Nguyen, Chester P. TI Analysis of Citric Acid in Beverages: Use of an Indicator Displacement Assay SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID TEACHING OLD INDICATORS; SENSING ENSEMBLE; CITRATE; WATER; HISTIDINE; SCAFFOLD; BINDING; TRICKS; PROBE C1 [Umali, Alona P.; Anslyn, Eric V.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Wright, Aaron T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Blieden, Clifford R.; Smith, Carolyne K.; Tian, Tian; Truong, Jennifer A.; Crumm, Caitlin E.; Garcia, Jorge E.; Lee, Soal; Mosier, Meredith; Nguyen, Chester P.] Univ Texas Dallas, Coll Nat Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Anslyn, EV (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM anslyn@austin.utexas.edu OI Wright, Aaron/0000-0002-3172-5253 FU National Science Foundation; College of Natural Sciences at the University of Texas at Austin FX The authors acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation and the College of Natural Sciences at the University of Texas at Austin. Participation of students of the Supramolecular Sensors Stream of the Freshman Research Initiative, spring semesters of 2007, 2008, and 2009, is also greatly appreciated. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 87 IS 8 BP 832 EP 835 DI 10.1021/ed900059n PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 625WK UT WOS:000279927300019 ER PT J AU Myrick, ML Baranowski, M Profeta, LTM AF Myrick, Michael L. Baranowski, Megan Profeta, Luisa T. M. TI An Experiment in Physical Chemistry: Polymorphism and Phase Stability in Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC RULES; MOLECULAR-CRYSTALS; PHARMACEUTICALS C1 [Myrick, Michael L.; Baranowski, Megan] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Profeta, Luisa T. M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Myrick, ML (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM myrick@chem.sc.edu OI Myrick, Michael/0000-0002-6905-0925 FU Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry FX The authors gratefully thank Daniel Reger for the opportunity to work on new laboratory development in CHEM541L at University of South Carolina. L.T.M.P. and M.B. thank the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry for supporting their work. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 87 IS 8 BP 842 EP 844 DI 10.1021/ed100319s PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 625WK UT WOS:000279927300022 ER PT J AU Fritz, JS Gjerde, DT AF Fritz, James S. Gjerde, Douglas T. TI Discovery and Early Development of Non-Suppressed Ion Chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21sth International Ion Chromatography Symposium CY SEP 21-24, 2009 CL Dublin, IRELAND ID CATION EXCHANGE SEPARATION; LOW-CONDUCTIVITY ELUENTS; METAL-IONS; MACRORETICULAR RESINS; ANION CHROMATOGRAPHY; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; LABORATORY METHOD; LOW CAPACITY; LANTHANIDES C1 [Fritz, James S.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Fritz, James S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Gjerde, Douglas T.] PhyNexus Inc, San Jose, CA 95136 USA. RP Fritz, JS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 7 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 6600 W TOUHY AVE, NILES, IL 60714-4588 USA SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 48 IS 7 SI SI BP 525 EP 532 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 636JQ UT WOS:000280729100002 PM 20819275 ER PT J AU Chun, JH Poloski, AP Hansen, EK AF Chun, Jaehun Poloski, Adam P. Hansen, Erich K. TI Stabilization and control of rheological properties of Fe2O3/Al(OH)(3)-rich colloidal slurries under high ionic strength and pH SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rheological modifiers; Colloidal interactions; Colloidal slurries; Yield stress; Nuclear waste simulant ID POLYACRYLIC-ACID; YIELD-STRESS; SOLUTION INTERFACE; SUSPENSIONS; ADSORPTION; ALUMINA; PARTICLE; SURFACES; OXIDES; CHARGE AB Controlling the stability and theological properties of colloidal slurries has been an important but challenging issue for various industries such as cosmetics, ceramic processing, and nuclear waste treatment. For example, at the US Department of Energy Hanford and Savannah River sites, operation of the waste treatment facilities with increased solids loading increases waste processing rates but negatively impacts the rheological properties. We investigated various rheological modifiers on a Fe2O3/Al(OH)(3)-rich nuclear waste simulant, characterized by high ionic strength and pH, to reduce yield stress of the colloidal slurry. Rheological modifiers change particle interactions in colloidal slurries; they mainly alter the electrostatic and steric interactions, leading to a change in theological properties. Weak acid-type theological modifiers strengthen electrostatic repulsion whereas nonionic/polymer surfactant-type theological modifiers introduce a steric repulsion. Using theological analysis, it was found that citric acid and polyacrylic acid are good theological modifiers for the simulant tested, effectively reducing yield stresses by as much as 70%. Further analysis supports the idea that adding these theological modifiers increases the stability of the slurry. A likely mechanism for the observed effects of citric acid and polyacrylic acid on slurry behavior is identified as both binding cations in bulk solution and adsorption on the surface of the particles. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Chun, Jaehun; Poloski, Adam P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hansen, Erich K.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Chun, JH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jaehun.chun@pnl.gov FU US Department of Energy's Office of Technology Innovation and Development [EM-30] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the US Department of Energy's Office of Technology Innovation and Development (EM-30). The authors greatly appreciate Paul Bredt and Scot Rassat (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) and Prasad Bhosale and John Berg (University of Washington) for helpful discussions. The authors also appreciate Carolyne Burns (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) for PZC measurement of the AZ-101 pretreated HLW simulant and Jack Zamecnik (Savannah River National Laboratory) for the solubility calculations on the AZ-101 pretreated HLW simulant components. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 348 IS 1 BP 280 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.04.004 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 612SY UT WOS:000278924600037 PM 20444466 ER PT J AU Kolesnikov, RA Wang, WX Hinton, FL AF Kolesnikov, R. A. Wang, W. X. Hinton, F. L. TI Unlike-particle collision operator for gyrokinetic particle simulations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Gyrokinetics; Magnetized plasmas; Plasma kinetic equations ID NEOCLASSICAL TRANSPORT; PLASMAS AB Plasmas in modern tokamak experiments contain a significant fraction of impurity ion species in addition to main deuterium background. A new unlike-particle collision operator for of particle simulation has been developed to self-consistently study the non-local effects of impurities on neoclassical transport in toroidal plasmas. A new algorithm for simulation of cross-collisions between different ion species includes test-particle and conserving field-particle operators. The field-particle operator is designed to enforce conservation of number, momentum and energy. It was shown that the new operator correctly simulates the thermal equilibration of different plasma components. It was verified that the ambipolar radial electric field reaches steady state when the total radial guiding center particle current vanishes. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kolesnikov, R. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wang, W. X.] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hinton, F. L.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Kolesnikov, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rkolesni@pppl.gov FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-09CH11466] FX This work was supported by U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-09CH11466. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 229 IS 15 BP 5564 EP 5572 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.04.018 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 616HH UT WOS:000279199200007 ER PT J AU Gevorgyan, NE Dashyan, NB Paremuzyan, RG Stepanyan, SG AF Gevorgyan, N. E. Dashyan, N. B. Paremuzyan, R. G. Stepanyan, S. G. TI Improvement of the technique of identification of electrons and positrons with use of electromagnetic calorimeter of the CLAS detector SO JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PHYSICS-ARMENIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE electrons; positrons; electromagnetic calorimeter; CLAS detector ID PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS AB We study the dependence of the sensitivity of response of the electromagnetic calorimeter of CLAS plant on the momenta of electrons and positrons. We made calculation of this dependence and elaborated a method for its employment in identification of e(-) and e(+). We have shown that the new method of selection of e(-) and e(+) improves the quality of identification by about 10%. We used the experimental data obtained with the plant CLAS of linear accelerator at Jefferson laboratory (USA). C1 [Gevorgyan, N. E.; Dashyan, N. B.; Paremuzyan, R. G.] Alikhanian Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan, Armenia. [Stepanyan, S. G.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Newport News, VA USA. RP Gevorgyan, NE (reprint author), Alikhanian Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan, Armenia. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLERTON PRESS INC PI NEW YORK PA 18 WEST 27TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1068-3372 J9 J CONTEMP PHYS-ARME+ JI J. Contemp. Phys.-Armen. Acad. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 45 IS 4 BP 165 EP 168 DI 10.3103/S1068337210040031 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 623AY UT WOS:000279710300003 ER PT J AU Albuquerque, IFM Chou, A AF Albuquerque, Ivone F. M. Chou, Aaron TI A faraway quasar in the direction of the highest energy Auger event SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ultra high energy cosmic rays; cosmic ray theory; cosmic ray experiments; active galactic nuclei ID EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; COSMIC-RAYS; UPPER LIMIT; AIR-SHOWER; SEARCH; CATALOG; OBJECTS; SPECTRUM; PHOTON AB The highest energy cosmic ray event reported by the Auger Observatory has an energy of 148 EeV. It does not correlate with any nearby (z<0.024) object capable of originating such a high energy event. Intrigued by the fact that the highest energy event ever recorded (by the Fly's Eye collaboration) points to a faraway quasar with very high radio luminosity and large Faraday rotation measurement, we have searched for a similar source for the Auger event. We find that the Auger highest energy event points to a quasar with similar characteristics to the one correlated to the Fly's Eye event. We also find the same kind of correlation for one of the highest energy AGASA events. We conclude that so far these types of quasars are the best source candidates for both Auger and Fly's Eye highest energy events. We discuss a few exotic candidates that could reach us from gigaparsec distances. C1 [Albuquerque, Ivone F. M.; Chou, Aaron] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Albuquerque, Ivone F. M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-01498 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Albuquerque, IFM (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM ifreire@fnal.gov; achou@fnal.gov RI Albuquerque, Ivone/H-4645-2012 OI Albuquerque, Ivone/0000-0001-7328-0136 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; Brazilian National Counsel for Scientific Research (CNPq); National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We thank the members of the Auger collaboration at Fermilab, for valuable discussions. AC thanks Steve Adler for graciously providing a copy of Toll's thesis from the Princeton library. IA was partially funded by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-07CH11359 and the Brazilian National Counsel for Scientific Research (CNPq). AC is also supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. This work made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD AUG PY 2010 IS 8 AR 016 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2010/08/016 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 672HZ UT WOS:000283575000024 ER PT J AU Campbell, GH LaGrange, T Kim, JS Reed, BW Browning, ND AF Campbell, Geoffrey H. LaGrange, Thomas Kim, Judy S. Reed, Bryan W. Browning, Nigel D. TI Quantifying transient states in materials with the dynamic transmission electron microscope SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Conference on Frontiers of Electron Microscopy in Materials Science CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Sasebo, JAPAN DE in situ microscopy; time resolved microscopy; reactive multilayers; phase transformations; kinetics; reaction front morphology ID RESONANCE OSCILLATIONS; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; MULTILAYER FOILS; DOMAIN-WALLS; BLOCH LINES; TIME; FILMS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; DIFFRACTION; RESOLUTION AB The dynamic transmission electron microscope (DTEM) offers a means of capturing rapid evolution in a specimen through in situ microscopy experiments by allowing 15-ns electron micrograph exposure times. The rapid exposure time is enabled by creating a burst of electrons at the emitter by ultraviolet pulsed laser illumination. This burst arrives at a specified time after a second laser initiates the specimen reaction. The timing of the two Q-switched lasers is controlled by high-speed pulse generators with a timing error much less than the pulse duration. Both diffraction and imaging experiments can be performed, just as in a conventional TEM. The brightness of the emitter and the total current control the spatial and temporal resolutions. We have demonstrated 7-nm spatial resolution in single 15-ns pulsed images. These single-pulse imaging experiments have been used to study martensitic transformations, nucleation and crystallization of an amorphous metal and rapid chemical reactions. Measurements have been performed on these systems that are possible by no other experimental approaches currently available. C1 [Campbell, Geoffrey H.; LaGrange, Thomas; Reed, Bryan W.; Browning, Nigel D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kim, Judy S.] Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. [Browning, Nigel D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Browning, Nigel D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Campbell, GH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ghcampbell@llnl.gov RI Campbell, Geoffrey/F-7681-2010; Reed, Bryan/C-6442-2013; OI Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0744 J9 J ELECTRON MICROSC JI J. Electron Microsc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 59 SU 1 BP S67 EP S74 DI 10.1093/jmicro/dfq032 PG 8 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 636CJ UT WOS:000280705200010 PM 20548104 ER PT J AU Amano, T Muramatsu, Y Sano, N Denlinger, JD Gullikson, EM AF Amano, Taiji Muramatsu, Yasuji Sano, Noriaki Denlinger, Jonathan D. Gullikson, Eric M. TI Adsorption structure analysis of entrapped nitrogen in carbon-nanohorns by soft X-ray emission and absorption spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure (ICESS - 11) CY OCT 06-10, 2009 CL Nara, JAPAN DE Carbon nanohorn; Synchrotron radiation; Soft X-ray spectroscopy; Electronic structure; DV-X alpha method ID ALPHA CLUSTER CALCULATIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GRAPHITE; ARC; SPECTRA; N-2 AB Adsorption structure of the entrapped nitrogen in carbon-nanohorns, which are synthesized by submerged arc-discharge with carbon electrodes in liquid nitrogen, has been analyzed by soft X-ray emission and absorption spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation. From spectral analysis using the discrete variational (DV)-X alpha molecular orbital method, it is elucidated that the most probable structure is the chemisorption of N(2) at the edges of hexagonal carbon layers. The adsorbed N(2) forms a pentagonal or a hexagonal ring with the edge carbon atoms in the zigzag or armchair arrangements, respectively. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Amano, Taiji; Muramatsu, Yasuji] Univ Hyogo, Grad Sch Engn, Himeji, Hyogo 6712201, Japan. [Sano, Noriaki] Kyoto Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nishikyo Ku, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. [Denlinger, Jonathan D.; Gullikson, Eric M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Muramatsu, Y (reprint author), Univ Hyogo, Grad Sch Engn, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 6712201, Japan. EM murama@eng.u-hyogo.ac.jp NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 181 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 186 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2010.03.010 PG 3 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 651MP UT WOS:000281932100019 ER PT J AU Guo, JH Kastanov, S Soderstom, J Glans, PA West, M Learmonth, T Chiou, JW Luo, Y Nordgren, J Smith, K Pong, WF Cheng, H Griffiss, JM AF Guo, J. -H. Kastanov, S. Soderstom, J. Glans, P. -A. West, M. Learmonth, T. Chiou, J. -W. Luo, Y. Nordgren, J. Smith, K. Pong, W. -F. Cheng, H. Griffiss, J. M. TI Electronic structure study of the bases in DNA duplexes by in situ photon-in/photon-out soft X-ray spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure (ICESS - 11) CY OCT 06-10, 2009 CL Nara, JAPAN DE Soft X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy; RIXS; Electronic structure; DNA; G-C pair; A-T pair ID EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; NUCLEOBASES; EXCITATIONS; ABSORPTION; MOLECULES; NITROGEN; LIQUID AB Understanding protein functionality is of fundamental importance in biochemistry. Soft X-ray transitions, where the core-level vacancies are filled by the valence-orbital electrons, give direct information about the chemical bonding. Soft X-ray absorption and emission study of poly(dG) -poly(dC) in aqueous solutions can elucidate the relation between the structure and functionality of proteins. We report the N K-edge soft X-ray absorption (XAS) and resonant soft X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) to characterize the electronic structure near the Fermi level of DNA duplexes to specify the charge migration mechanism. Since N atoms are included in only bases in DNA duplexes, the XES spectra excited from N Is to unoccupied states purely extract the electronic orbital features of the bases in DNA. The fact that N atoms in different bonding environments form well-defined structure has been determined. The experimental findings provide the evidence for the charge-hopping and/or charge-transfer effects in understanding of electric conduction in DNA duplexes when electrons pass through the pi* states of DNA bases. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Guo, J. -H.; Kastanov, S.; Soderstom, J.; Glans, P. -A.; West, M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kastanov, S.] Royal Inst Technol, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Soderstom, J.; Nordgren, J.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. [Learmonth, T.; Smith, K.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Chiou, J. -W.; Pong, W. -F.] Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, Tamsui 250, Taiwan. [Cheng, H.; Griffiss, J. M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, VA Med Ctr, Dept Lab Med & Vet Affairs, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Guo, JH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 6-2100, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jguo@lbl.gov RI Soderstrom, Johan/B-1248-2011; Luo, Yi/B-1449-2009; Glans, Per-Anders/G-8674-2016 OI Soderstrom, Johan/0000-0002-9647-0394; Luo, Yi/0000-0003-0007-0394; NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 EI 1873-2526 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 181 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 197 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2010.05.014 PG 5 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 651MP UT WOS:000281932100022 ER PT J AU Biruduganti, M Gupta, S Bihari, B McConnell, S Sekar, R AF Biruduganti, Munidhar Gupta, Sreenath Bihari, Bipin McConnell, Steve Sekar, Raj TI Air Separation Membranes: An Alternative to EGR in Large Bore Natural Gas Engines SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Air separation membranes (ASMs) could potentially replace exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technology in engines due to the proven benefits in NO(x) reduction but without the drawbacks of EGR. Previous investigations of nitrogen-enriched air (NEA) combustion using nitrogen bottles showed up to 70% NO(x) reduction with modest 2% nitrogen enrichment. The investigation in this paper was performed with an ASM capable of delivering at least 3.5% NEA to a single-cylinder spark-ignited natural gas engine. Low temperature combustion is one of the pathways to meet the mandatory ultra low NO(x) emissions levels set by regulatory agencies. In this study, a comparative assessment is made between natural gas combustion in standard air and 2% NEA. Enrichment beyond this level degraded engine performance in terms of power density, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and unburned hydrocarbon emissions for a given equivalence ratio. The ignition timing was optimized to yield maximum brake torque for standard air and NEA. Subsequently, conventional spark ignition was replaced by laser ignition (LI) to extend lean ignition limit. Both ignition systems were studied under a wide operating range from psi:1.0 to the lean misfire limit. It was observed that with 2% NEA, for a similar fuel quantity, the equivalence ratio (psi) increases by 0.1 relative to standard air conditions. Analysis showed that lean burn operation along with NEA and alternative ignition source, such as LI, could pave the pathway for realizing lower NO(x) emissions with a slight penalty in BTE. C1 [Biruduganti, Munidhar; Gupta, Sreenath; Bihari, Bipin; McConnell, Steve; Sekar, Raj] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Biruduganti, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Argonne National Laboratory's work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2010 VL 132 IS 8 AR 082804 DI 10.1115/1.4000296 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 603BF UT WOS:000278182200017 ER PT J AU Alvarado, JS Rose, C LaFreniere, L AF Alvarado, Jorge S. Rose, Candace LaFreniere, Lorraine TI Degradation of carbon tetrachloride in the presence of zero-valent iron SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID DECHLORINATION; REMEDIATION; PARTICLES; METHANES AB Efforts to achieve the decomposition of carbon tetrachloride through anaerobic and aerobic bioremediation and chemical transformation have met with limited success because of the conditions required and the formation of hazardous intermediates. Recently, particles of zero-valent iron (ZVI) have been used with limited success for in situ remediation of carbon tetrachloride. We studied a modified microparticulate product that combines controlled-release carbon with ZVI for stimulation of in situ chemical reduction of persistent organic compounds in groundwater. With this product, a number of physical, chemical, and microbiological processes were combined to create very strongly reducing conditions that stimulate rapid, complete dechlorination of organic solvents. In principle, the organic component of ZVI microparticles is nutrient rich and hydrophilic and has high surface area capable of supporting the growth of bacteria in the groundwater environment. In our experiments, we found that as the bacteria grew, oxygen was consumed, and the redox potential decreased to values reaching -600 mV. The small modified ZVI particles provide substantial reactive surface area that, in these conditions, directly stimulates chemical dechlorination and cleanup of the contaminated area without accumulation of undesirable breakdown products. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of ZVI microparticles in reducing carbon tetrachloride under laboratory and field conditions. Changes in concentrations and in chemical and physical parameters were monitored to determine the role of the organic products in the reductive dechlorination reaction. Laboratory and field studies are presented. C1 [Alvarado, Jorge S.; Rose, Candace; LaFreniere, Lorraine] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Alvarado, JS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU Commodity Credit Corporation, U.S. Department of Agriculture through U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Work supported by the Commodity Credit Corporation, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under interagency agreement, through U.S. Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1524 EP 1530 DI 10.1039/c0em00039f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 644KH UT WOS:000281374400003 PM 20596593 ER PT J AU Kalinin, IV Kats, EI Koza, M Lauter, VV Lauter, H Puchkov, AV AF Kalinin, I. V. Kats, E. I. Koza, M. Lauter, V. V. Lauter, H. Puchkov, A. V. TI Coexistence of superfluid and solid helium in aerogel SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXCITATIONS; PHASE AB The results of recent neutron scattering studies of solid helium in silica aerogel are discussed. Previously I.V. Kalinin et al., Pis'ma Zh. A parts per thousand ksp. Teor. Fiz. 87 (1), 743 (2008) [JETP Lett. 87 (1), 645 (2008)], we detected the existence of a superfluid phase in solid helium at a temperature below 0.6 K and a pressure of 51 bar, although, according to the phase diagram, helium should be in the solid state under these conditions. This work is a continuation of the above studies whose main goal was to examine the detected phenomenon and to establish basic parameters of the existence of a superfluid phase. We have determined the temperature of the superfluid transition from solid to superfluid helium, T (C) = 1.3 K, by analyzing experimental data. The superfluid phase excitation parameters (lifetime, intensity, and energy) have a temperature dependence similar to that of bulk helium. The superfluid phase coexists with the solid phase in the entire measured temperature range from T = 0.05 K to T (C) and is a nonequilibrium one and disappears at T (C). C1 [Kalinin, I. V.; Puchkov, A. V.] Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk 249033, Russia. [Kats, E. I.; Koza, M.; Lauter, H.] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Lauter, V. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kalinin, IV (reprint author), Inst Phys & Power Engn, Pl Bondarenko 1, Obninsk 249033, Russia. EM puchkov@ippe.ru FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Government of the Kaluga Region [09-02-97501] FX This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Government of the Kaluga Region (project no. 09-02-97501). NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7761 J9 J EXP THEOR PHYS+ JI J. Exp. Theor. Phys. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 111 IS 2 BP 215 EP 219 DI 10.1134/S1063776110080091 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 655SJ UT WOS:000282269500009 ER PT J AU Singh, S Musculus, MPB AF Singh, Satbir Musculus, Mark P. B. TI Numerical Modeling and Analysis of Entrainment in Turbulent Jets After the End of Injection SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE acoustic waves; computational fluid dynamics; confined flow; flow simulation; jets; Navier-Stokes equations; nozzles; stratified flow; turbulence; wakes ID COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINE AB Previous velocity and scalar measurements in both single-phase jets and two-phase diesel fuel sprays indicate that after the flow at the nozzle decelerates, ambient-gas entrainment increases compared to a steady jet. Previous studies using simplified analytical models and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using a one-dimensional (1D) in-viscid, incompressible momentum equation have predicted that an "entrainment wave" propagates downstream along the jet axis during and after the deceleration, increasing entrainment by up to a factor of 3. In this study, entrainment is analyzed using the full compressible, unsteady Navier-Stokes momentum equations in axisymmetric two-dimensional (2D) CFD simulations of single-pulsed transient round gas jets. The 2D simulations confirm the existence of the entrainment wave, although the region of increased entrainment is distributed over a wider axial region of the jet than predicted by the simplified 1D model, so that the peak entrainment rate increases by only 50% rather than by a factor of 3. In the long time limit, both models show that the rate of mixing relative to the local injected fluid concentration increases significantly, approaching a factor of 3 or more increase in the wake of the entrainment wave (relative to a steady jet). Analysis of the terms in the momentum equation shows that the entrainment wave in the full 2D CFD predictions occurs in two phases. The entrainment first increases slightly due to a radial pressure gradient induced by a relatively fast acoustic wave, which the simple 1D model does not account for. The acoustic wave is followed by a slower momentum wave of decreased axial velocity initiated at the nozzle, which is convected downstream at the local flow velocities. The largest increase in entrainment accompanies the momentum wave, which is captured by the 1D momentum-equation model. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4002184] C1 [Singh, Satbir] Gen Motors Global Res & Dev, Warren, MI 48090 USA. [Musculus, Mark P. B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Singh, S (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM satbirs@andrew.cmu.edu RI Ghorbani, Asghar/E-2589-2011 FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The 2D CFD simulations were performed at General Motors Global Research and Development while the 1D simulations were performed at the Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA. The U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies supported the 1D simulations. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. During this work, the authors enjoyed general discussions of transient turbulent jets with Dr. Ramachandra Diwakar of General Motors Global Research and Development, Dr. Paul Miles of Sandia National Laboratories, and Dr. Rolf Reitz and Dr. Christopher Rutland of the University of Wisconsin, Madison. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2010 VL 132 IS 8 AR 081203 DI 10.1115/1.4002184 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 643OT UT WOS:000281307400005 ER PT J AU Tsai, A Banta, L Tucker, D Gemmen, R AF Tsai, Alex Banta, Larry Tucker, David Gemmen, Randall TI Multivariable Robust Control of a Simulated Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Gas Turbine Plant SO JOURNAL OF FUEL CELL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fuel cell power plants; gas turbine power stations; hybrid power systems; multivariable control systems; power station control; robust control; solid oxide fuel cells; transfer functions AB This paper presents a systematic approach to the multivariable robust control of a hybrid fuel cell gas turbine plant. The hybrid configuration under investigation comprises a physical simulation of a 300 kW fuel cell coupled to a 120 kW auxiliary power unit single spool gas turbine. The facility provides for the testing and simulation of different fuel cell models that in turn help identify the key issues encountered in the transient operation of such systems. An empirical model of the facility consisting of a simulated fuel cell cathode volume and balance of plant components is derived via frequency response data. Through the modulation of various airflow bypass valves within the hybrid configuration, Bode plots are used to derive key input/output interactions in transfer function format. A multivariate system is then built from individual transfer functions, creating a matrix that serves as the nominal plant in an H-infinity robust control algorithm. The controller's main objective is to track and maintain hybrid operational constraints in the fuel cell's cathode airflow and the turbo machinery states of temperature and speed under transient disturbances. This algorithm is then tested on a SIMULINK/MATLAB platform for various perturbations of load and fuel cell heat effluence. C1 [Tsai, Alex; Banta, Larry; Tucker, David; Gemmen, Randall] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Tsai, Alex; Banta, Larry] W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Tsai, A (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd,POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1550-624X EI 1551-6989 J9 J FUEL CELL SCI TECH JI J. Fuel Cell Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 7 IS 4 AR 041008 DI 10.1115/1.4000628 PG 9 GA 581WA UT WOS:000276554800008 ER PT J AU Georgiyevskiy, AV Solodovchenko, SI Voitsenya, VS AF Georgiyevskiy, A. V. Solodovchenko, S. I. Voitsenya, V. S. TI Contributions of the "Saturn" to Modern Stellarator-Torsatron Research SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Review DE Stellarator; Torsatron; Plasma confinement; Drift waves; Divertor plasma flows ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; TOROIDAL FIELD; PLASMA-FLOW; HELIOTRON-E; DIVERTOR; DEVICE; ECH AB It has been 40 years since the startup and first plasma from the Saturn stellarator-torsatron. The l = 3 stellarator-torsatron "Saturn" was the first of a series of torsatron-like devices built in Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology (KIPT) in the 1970s: later appeared "Vint-20", "U-3", "U-3M". The Saturn device was used for comparative investigations on the same device two magnetic configurations in stellarator and torsatron regimes and for experimental examination of their effects on plasma confinement. The thorough measurements of magnetic structure in both regimes demonstrated their high equivalence. Investigations of torsatron without toroidal coils supported the principal possibility to have a spatial divertor configuration, which was later realized in U-3, the first torsatron with a divertor. The results on Saturn, obtained for the first time with a pure torsatron configuration, have opened the prospect for torsatrons to be an alternative to tokamaks in the development of a fusion reactor. After various magnetic configurations were studied, the Saturn device was used for providing investigations of confinement of injected hydrogen plasma and of ECR plasma in different gases. In this paper we summarize the main Saturn results and try to find the bridge between them and the present experiments on existing stellarator-type fusion devices with an aim to see what particular Saturn results were supported by those obtained later. C1 [Solodovchenko, S. I.; Voitsenya, V. S.] NSC KIPT, Inst Plasma Phys, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Georgiyevskiy, A. V.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Voitsenya, VS (reprint author), NSC KIPT, Inst Plasma Phys, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM voitseny@ipp.kharkov.ua NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD AUG PY 2010 VL 29 IS 4 BP 399 EP 406 DI 10.1007/s10894-010-9284-0 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 622VA UT WOS:000279692700017 ER PT J AU Neumann, G Green, MA Macken, CA AF Neumann, Gabriele Green, Margaret A. Macken, Catherine A. TI Evolution of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza viruses and the emergence of dominant variants SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID A-VIRUS; HONG-KONG; SOUTHERN CHINA; MIGRATORY WATERFOWL; MOLECULAR-BASIS; HIGH VIRULENCE; COMPLEX GENES; REPLICATION; ASIA; PB2 AB Highly pathogenic avian H5N1 viruses have circulated in South-east Asia for more than a decade and have now spread to more than 60 countries. The evolution of these viruses is characterized by frequent reassortment of the so-called 'internal' genes, creating novel genotypes. Additionally, over time, the surface glycoprotein, haemagglutinin (HA), which is the primary target of the adaptive immune response, has evolved by point mutation into 20 genetically and potentially antigenically distinct clades. To investigate the evolution of avian H5N1 influenza viruses, we undertook a high-resolution analysis of the reassortment of internal genes and evolution of HA of 651 avian H5N1 viruses from 2000 to 2008. Our analysis suggested: (i) all current H5N1 genotypes were derived from a single, clearly defined sequence of initial reassortment events; (ii) reassortment of just three of the internal genes had the most importance in avian H5N1 virus evolution; (iii) HA and the constellation of internal genes may be jointly important in the emergence of dominant variants. Further, our analysis led to the identification of evolutionarily significant molecular changes in the internal genes that may be significant for the emergence of these dominant variants. C1 [Green, Margaret A.; Macken, Catherine A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Neumann, Gabriele] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Influenza Res Inst, Madison, WI 53717 USA. RP Macken, CA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cmacken@lanl.gov FU US Department of Energy FX C. A. M. and M. A. G. gratefully acknowledge the support of the US Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD Program for this work. NR 55 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 91 BP 1984 EP 1995 DI 10.1099/vir.0.020750-0 PN 8 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 638WK UT WOS:000280928500011 PM 20392897 ER PT J AU Erwin, PC Fitzhugh, EC Brown, KC Looney, S Forde, T AF Erwin, Paul Campbell Fitzhugh, Eugene C. Brown, Kathleen C. Looney, Shannon Forde, Timothy TI Health Disparities in Rural Areas: The Interaction of Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Geography SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED LA English DT Article DE Health disparities; health inequities; standardized mortality ratio; determinants; Tennessee ID UNITED-STATES; RACIAL DISPARITIES; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; EXCESS MORTALITY; CARE; SEGREGATION; RACE/ETHNICITY; DIMENSIONS; DISEASE; ADULTS AB The purpose of this study was to explore factors that may help explain the mortality differences between African Americans and Whites. This study was a retrospective analysis of data from Tennessee's 95 counties. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for African Americans were determined based on White, all-cause, age-specific mortality rates, and served as the dependent variable. Potential explanatory variables included measures of demography, socioeconomic status, and social environment. Bivariate and multivariate analyses showed a significant association between SMR and population density (t=2.18, p=.037) among 36 counties, with more than 20 African American deaths per year, and between SMR and the proportion of the population that is African American (t=2.23, p=.033) in an analysis that included all 95 counties. Mortality differences based on demographic characteristics, rather than on the usual social determinants of health, raise further questions about the root causes of health inequities. C1 [Erwin, Paul Campbell] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Publ Hlth, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Fitzhugh, Eugene C.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Phys Activ & Hlth, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Fitzhugh, Eugene C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Exercise Sport & Leisure Studies, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Brown, Kathleen C.] Knox Cty Hlth Dept, Knoxville, TN USA. [Looney, Shannon] Univ Tennessee, Dept Nutr, Grad Program, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Forde, Timothy] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Sci Educ Programs, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Erwin, PC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Publ Hlth, 302 Bailey Educ Complex, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM perwin@utk.edu NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1049-2089 J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved PD AUG PY 2010 VL 21 IS 3 BP 931 EP 945 PG 15 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 632PJ UT WOS:000280436400015 PM 20693736 ER PT J AU Hopkins, PE Serrano, JR Phinney, LMAF Kearney, SP Grasser, TW Harris, CT AF Hopkins, Patrick E. Serrano, Justin R. Phinney, Leslie M. Kearney, Sean P. Grasser, Thomas W. Harris, C. Thomas TI Criteria for Cross-Plane Dominated Thermal Transport in Multilayer Thin Film Systems During Modulated Laser Heating SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE pump-probe thermoreflectance; thin film thermal conductivity; thermal boundary conductance; radial heating; cross-plane transport ID TRANSIENT THERMOREFLECTANCE; SUPERLATTICES; CONDUCTIVITY; CONDUCTANCE; FLOW AB Pump-probe transient thermoreflectance (TTR) techniques are powerful tools for measuring the thermophysical properties of thin films, such as thermal conductivity, Lambda, or thermal boundary conductance, G. This paper examines the assumption of one-dimensional heating on, Lambda and G, determination in nanostructures using a pump-probe transient thermoreflectance technique. The traditionally used one-dimensional and axially symmetric cylindrical conduction models for thermal transport are reviewed. To test the assumptions of the thermal models, experimental data from Al films on bulk substrates (Si and glass) are taken with the TTR technique. This analysis is extended to thin film multilayer structures. The results show that at 11 MHz modulation frequency, thermal transport is indeed one dimensional. Error among the various models arises due to pulse accumulation and not accounting for residual heating. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4000993] C1 [Hopkins, Patrick E.; Serrano, Justin R.; Phinney, Leslie M.; Kearney, Sean P.; Grasser, Thomas W.; Harris, C. Thomas] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Harris, C. Thomas] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Hopkins, PE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pehopki@sandia.gov FU LDRD program office through the Sandia National Laboratories Harry S. Truman Fellowship; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX P.E.H. is greatly appreciative for funding from the LDRD program office through the Sandia National Laboratories Harry S. Truman Fellowship. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility; the authors would like to thank John Sullivan for assistance regarding work at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies. C. T. H. would also like to thank Gang Chen at M. I. T. for collaborative advising. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Co., for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 32 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 25 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 EI 1528-8943 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2010 VL 132 IS 8 AR 081302 DI 10.1115/1.4000993 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 610PU UT WOS:000278746900007 ER PT J AU Shin, DH Lee, SH Retterer, S Choi, CK AF Shin, Dong Hwan Lee, Seong Hyuk Retterer, Scott Choi, Chang Kyoung TI Evaporation Characteristics of Sessile Droplets on Nano-Patterned Hydrophobic Surfaces SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT News Item DE contact angle; drops; evaporation; flow visualisation; hydrophobicity; two-phase flow; water; wetting C1 [Choi, Chang Kyoung] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Shin, Dong Hwan; Lee, Seong Hyuk] Chung Ang Univ, Seoul 156756, South Korea. [Retterer, Scott] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Choi, CK (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RI Retterer, Scott/A-5256-2011 OI Retterer, Scott/0000-0001-8534-1979 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2010 VL 132 IS 8 AR 080905 DI 10.1115/1.4001753 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 610PU UT WOS:000278746900005 ER PT J AU Aoki, S Ishikawa, KI Ishizuka, N Izubuchi, T Kanaya, K Kuramashi, Y Murano, K Namekawa, Y Okawa, M Taniguchi, Y Ukawa, A Ukita, N Yoshie, T AF Aoki, S. Ishikawa, K. -I. Ishizuka, N. Izubuchi, T. Kanaya, K. Kuramashi, Y. Murano, K. Namekawa, Y. Okawa, M. Taniguchi, Y. Ukawa, A. Ukita, N. Yoshie, T. TI Non-perturbative renormalization of quark mass in N-f=2+1 QCD with the Schrodinger functional scheme SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Lattice Gauge Field Theories; Renormalization Regularization and Renormalons; Renormalization Group ID LATTICE QCD; COMPUTATION; IMPROVEMENT AB We present an evaluation of the quark mass renormalization factor for N-f = 2 + 1 QCD. The Schrodinger functional scheme is employed as the intermediate scheme to carry out non-perturbative running from the low energy region, where renormalization of bare mass is performed on the lattice, to deep in the high energy perturbative region, where the conversion to the renormalization group invariant mass or the (MS) over bar scheme is safely carried out. For numerical simulations we adopted the Iwasaki gauge action and non-perturbatively improved Wilson fermion action with the clover term. Seven renormalization scales are used to cover from low to high energy regions and three lattice spacings to take the continuum limit at each scale. The regularization independent step scaling function of the quark mass for the N-f = 2 + 1 QCD is obtained in the continuum limit. Renormalization factors for the pseudo scalar density and the axial vector current are also evaluated for the same action and the bare couplings as two recent large scale Nf = 2 + 1 simulations; previous work of the CP-PACS/JLQCD collaboration, which covered the up-down quark mass range heavier than m(pi) similar to 500MeV and that of PACS-CS collaboration for much lighter quark masses down to m(pi) = 155MeV. The quark mass renormalization factor is used to renormalize bare PCAC masses in these simulations. C1 [Aoki, S.; Ishizuka, N.; Kanaya, K.; Kuramashi, Y.; Murano, K.; Taniguchi, Y.; Yoshie, T.] Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. [Aoki, S.; Ishizuka, N.; Kuramashi, Y.; Namekawa, Y.; Taniguchi, Y.; Ukawa, A.; Ukita, N.; Yoshie, T.] Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. [Ishikawa, K. -I.; Okawa, M.] Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Izubuchi, T.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Aoki, S (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. EM saoki@het.ph.tsukuba.ac.jp; ishikawa@theo.phys.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp; ishizuka@ccs.tsukuba.ac.jp; izubuchi@quark.phy.bnl.gov; kanaya@ccs.tsukuba.ac.jp; kuramasi@het.ph.tsukuba.ac.jp; murano@het.ph.tsukuba.ac.jp; namekawa@het.ph.tsukuba.ac.jp; okawa@sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp; tanigchi@het.ph.tsukuba.ac.jp; ukawa.akira.gf@un.tsukuba.ac.jp; ukita@ccs.tsukuba.ac.jp; yoshie@ccs.tsukuba.ac.jp RI Ukawa, Akira/A-6549-2011; Kuramashi, Yoshinobu /C-8637-2016 FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology-Japan [18104005, 20105001, 20105002, 20105003, 20105005, 20340047, 20540248, 21340049, 22105501, 22244018, 22740138] FX This work is supported in part by Grants-in-Aid of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology-Japan (Nos. 18104005, 20105001, 20105002, 20105003, 20105005, 20340047, 20540248, 21340049, 22105501, 22244018, 22740138). Part of the calculations were performed by using the RIKEN Integrated Cluster of Clusters facilities. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD AUG PY 2010 IS 8 AR 101 DI 10.1007/JHEP08(2010)101 PG 27 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 656VA UT WOS:000282367800032 ER PT J AU Catterall, S Galvez, R Unsal, M AF Catterall, Simon Galvez, Richard Uensal, Mithat TI Realization of center symmetry in two adjoint flavor large-N Yang-Mills SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Lattice Gauge Field Theories; 1/N Expansion ID EGUCHI-KAWAI MODEL; GAUGE-THEORY AB We report on the results of numerical simulations of SU(N) lattice Yang Mills with two flavors of (light) Wilson fermion in the adjoint representation. We analytically and numerically address the question of center symmetry realization on lattices with sites in each direction in the large-N limit. We show, by a weak coupling calculation that, for massless fermions, center symmetry realization is independent of Gamma, and is unbroken. Then, we extend our result by conducting simulations at non zero mass and finite gauge coupling. Our results indicate that center symmetry is intact for a range of fermion mass in the vicinity of the critical line on lattices of volume 2(4). This observation makes it possible to compute infinite volume physical observables using small volume simulations in the limit N ->infinity, with possible applications to the determination of the conformal window in gauge theories with adjoint fermions. C1 [Catterall, Simon; Galvez, Richard] Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Uensal, Mithat] Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Uensal, Mithat] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Catterall, S (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM smc@phy.syr.edu; ragalvez@syr.edu; unsal@slac.stanford.edu OI Catterall, Simon/0000-0003-2735-2682 FU DOE [DE-FG02-85ER40237]; Syracuse University; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515] FX S.M.C. is supported in part by DOE grant DE-FG02-85ER40237. The simulations were carried out using USQCD resources at Fermilab. R. G. would like to thank Ari Hietanen for useful discussions and Syracuse University for the award of a STEM graduate fellowship. M.U's work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Grant DE-AC02-76SF00515. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD AUG PY 2010 IS 8 AR 010 DI 10.1007/JHEP08(2010)010 PG 13 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 656VF UT WOS:000282368500056 ER PT J AU Kumar, K Shepherd, W Tait, TMP Vega-Morales, R AF Kumar, Kunal Shepherd, William Tait, Tim M. P. Vega-Morales, Roberto TI Beautiful mirrors at the LHC SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Beyond Standard Model; Quark Masses and SM Parameters; Hadronic Colliders ID CHANGING NEUTRAL CURRENTS; MINIMAL FLAVOR VIOLATION; VECTOR QUARK-MODEL; STANDARD MODEL; CP ASYMMETRIES; B0 DECAYS; CONSTRAINTS; UNITARITY; SINGLET; PHYSICS AB We explore the "Beautiful Mirrors" model, which aims to explain the measured value of Ab FB, discrepant at the 2.9 sigma level. This scenario introduces vector-like quarks which mix with the bottom, subtly affecting its coupling to the Z. The spectrum of the new particles consists of two bottom-like quarks and a charge -4/3 quark, all of which have electroweak interactions with the third generation. We explore the phenomenology and discovery reach for these new particles at the LHC, exploring single mirror quark production modes whose rates are proportional to the same mixing parameters which resolve the A(FB)(b) anomaly. We find that for mirror quark masses less than or similar to 500 GeV, a 14 TeV LHC with 300 fb(-1) is required to reasonably establish the scenario and extract the relevant mixing parameters. C1 [Kumar, Kunal; Tait, Tim M. P.; Vega-Morales, Roberto] Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kumar, Kunal; Shepherd, William; Tait, Tim M. P.; Vega-Morales, Roberto] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Shepherd, William; Tait, Tim M. P.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Kumar, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kkumar@u.northwestern.edu; shepherd.william@uci.edu; ttait@uci.edu; robertovegamorales2010@u.northwestern.edu OI Shepherd, William/0000-0002-3506-8895 FU Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors are grateful for conversations with Carlos E. M. Wagner. T Tait appreciates the SLAC theory group for their extraordinary generosity during his many visits. KK and R V-M would like to thank Gabe Shaughnessy, Jamie Gainer, and Patrick Fox for helpful discussions. Research at Argonne National Laboratory is supported in part by the Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 73 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD AUG PY 2010 IS 8 AR 052 DI 10.1007/JHEP08(2010)052 PG 18 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 656VF UT WOS:000282368500013 ER PT J AU Unsal, M Yaffe, LG AF Uensal, Mithat Yaffe, Laurence G. TI Large-N volume independence in conformal and confining gauge theories SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Lattice QCD; Nonperturbative Effects; 1/N Expansion ID EGUCHI-KAWAI MODEL; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; QCD; HYPERCOLOR; MONOPOLES; PHASES; SCALE AB Consequences of large N volume independence are examined in conformal and confining gauge theories. In the large N limit, gauge theories compactified on Rd-k x (S-1)(k) are independent of the S-1 radii, provided the theory has unbroken center symmetry. In particular, this implies that a large N gauge theory which, on R-d, flows to an IR fixed point, retains the infinite correlation length and other scale invariant properties of the decompactified theory even when compactified on Rd-k x (S-1)(k). In other words, finite volume effects are 1/N suppressed. In lattice formulations of vector-like theories, this implies that numerical studies to determine the boundary between confined and conformal phases may be performed on one-site lattice models. In N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, the center symmetry realization is a matter of choice: the theory on R4-k x (S-1)(k) has a moduli space which contains points with all possible realizations of center symmetry. Large N QCD with massive adjoint fermions and one or two compactified dimensions has a rich phase structure with an in finite number of phase transitions coalescing in the zero radius limit. C1 [Uensal, Mithat] Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Unsal, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM unsal@slac.stanford.edu; yaffe@phys.washington.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515, DE-FG02-96ER40956] FX We are indebted to Erich Poppitz and Prem Kumar for valuable discussions. M.U's work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Grant DE-AC02-76SF00515. L.G.Y's work is supported, in part, by the U.S. Department of Energy Grant DE-FG02-96ER40956. NR 59 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD AUG PY 2010 IS 8 AR 030 DI 10.1007/JHEP08(2010)030 PG 26 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 656VF UT WOS:000282368500036 ER PT J AU Babentsov, V Boiko, V Schepelskii, GA James, RB Franc, J Prochazka, J Hlidek, P AF Babentsov, V. Boiko, V. Schepelskii, G. A. James, R. B. Franc, J. Prochazka, J. Hlidek, P. TI Photoluminescence and electric spectroscopy of dislocation-induced electronic levels in semi-insulated CdTe and CdZnTe SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE CdTe; Photoluminescence; Photoconductivity; Deep levels ID CADMIUM ZINC TELLURIDE; DEEP LEVELS; TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DEFORMED CDTE; P-CDTE; DEFECTS; CD0.96ZN0.04TE; RADIATION; DEFORMATION AB We studied deformation-induced defects in semi-insulating CdTe and CdZnTe by infrared photoluminescence (PL), contact less photoconductivity and resistivity. Plastic deformation increased the concentrations of grown-in defects, namely, those of an important midgap level E(C) - 0.74 eV in CdTe and Cd(1-x)Zn(x)Te (x < 0.1), the materials of choice in today's X-ray and gamma ray detector technology. We confirmed the direct correlation between Y-emission and the dislocation density in both compounds. The Y-band intensified near an indenter deformation or near a scribing line, but was barely visible in low-dislocation areas (etch pit density <2 x 10(5) cm(-2)). Our results correlate with recent findings that dislocation-induced defects and their clusters degrade charge collection in radiation detectors. Photoluminescence of midgap levels can serve as a tool to identify areas of degraded performance in semi insulated CdTe and CdZnTe crystals for radiation detectors. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Franc, J.; Prochazka, J.; Hlidek, P.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Phys, CZ-12116 Prague, Czech Republic. [Babentsov, V.; Boiko, V.; Schepelskii, G. A.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Semicond Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. [James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nonproliferat & Natl Secur Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Franc, J (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Phys, Ke Karlovu 5, CZ-12116 Prague, Czech Republic. EM franc@karlov.mff.cuni.cz RI Franc, Jan/C-3802-2017 OI Franc, Jan/0000-0002-9493-3973 FU Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic [MSM 0021620834]; Alexander von Humboldt foundation; US Department of Energy, Office of Nonproliferation Research and Engineering [NA-22] FX This work is a part of the research plan MSM 0021620834, which is financed by the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic. It was also supported by Alexander von Humboldt foundation. One author (R.B. James) wishes to gratefully acknowledge support from the US Department of Energy, Office of Nonproliferation Research and Engineering, NA-22. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 130 IS 8 BP 1425 EP 1430 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2010.03.006 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 615ML UT WOS:000279139300018 ER PT J AU Paulsen, J Bajaj, VS Pines, A AF Paulsen, Jeffrey Bajaj, Vikram S. Pines, Alexander TI Compressed sensing of remotely detected MRI velocimetry in microfluidics SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE Microfluidics; Remote detection; Velocimetry; Flow imaging ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ANALYTICAL SYSTEMS; MAXIMUM-ENTROPY; DETECTION NMR; FLOW; RECONSTRUCTION; DEVICES; ROBUST; VALVES; FLUIDS AB NMR and MRI can yield detailed chemical and dynamic information about flow at microscopic resolutions, but suffer from low signal to noise relative to alternative techniques for flow measurements. In porous media and microfluidic devices, this sensitivity problem is further exacerbated by magnetic susceptibility broadening and low coil filling factor. Fortunately, remote detection can mitigate these issues by physically separating signal detection from the other steps of the experiment. The technique requires, however, that any measured interactions be encoded in indirectly sampled dimensions, leading to experiments of high dimensionality and correspondingly long acquisition times. We have applied compressed sensing, a reconstruction technique used in MRI, to dramatically reduce these experiment times by 8-64x through partial sampling (sub-sampling) of k-space, allowing for the collection of images with significantly higher resolutions in reasonable amounts of time. Here, we demonstrate this reconstruction technique to remotely detected flow measurements in a serpentine mixing chip and in a microfluidic channel harboring a constriction. We find that compressed sensing allows for significantly higher resolution images to be collected in a practical amount of time, thus significantly enhancing the applicability of remote detection to flow imaging. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bajaj, Vikram S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bajaj, VS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vikbajaj@gmail.com OI Paulsen, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1031-4858 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and Materials Sciences Divisions of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF0098]; Schlumberger-Doll Research; Agilent Foundation FX The authors acknowledge Professor David Wemmer for his careful reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and Materials Sciences Divisions of the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC03-76SF0098. We thank Schlumberger-Doll Research and the Agilent Foundation for their unrestricted funds in support of this research. NR 42 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 205 IS 2 BP 196 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2010.04.016 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 627SZ UT WOS:000280064500002 PM 20638994 ER PT J AU Meldrum, T Schroder, L Denger, P Wemmer, DE Pines, A AF Meldrum, Tyler Schroeder, Leif Denger, Philipp Wemmer, David E. Pines, Alexander TI Xenon-based molecular sensors in lipid suspensions SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE Biosensors; Cryptophane; Host-guest systems; Lipid vesicles; Xenon ID HYPERPOLARIZED XENON; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; SPIN-EXCHANGE; CRYPTOPHANE; BIOSENSOR; XE-129; POLARIZATION; DELIVERY; EMULSION; BINDING AB There have been many proposals to use xenon-based molecular sensors in biological settings. Fundamental to understanding the properties of these sensors in vivo is characterizing their behavior in lipid environments. We report the investigation of xenon-based molecular sensors in suspensions of lipid vesicles with a size comparable to cells. We detail spectroscopic properties of sensors associated with lipid vesicles as well as those in equilibrium in the surrounding solution. We characterize the dependence of the spectral parameters on temperature, relevant for studies at physiological temperatures. We also demonstrate the ability to perform selective saturation transfer (Hyper-CEST) between sensor, both lipid bound and unbound, and the bulk solution. Lastly, we demonstrate the applicability of saturation transfer in the heterogeneous medium as an imaging modality. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Meldrum, Tyler; Schroeder, Leif; Pines, Alexander] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wemmer, David E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Meldrum, Tyler; Schroeder, Leif; Wemmer, David E.; Pines, Alexander] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Denger, Philipp] Deutsch Krebsforschungszentrum, Abtlg Med Phys Radiol, Div Med Phys Radiol, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Pines, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pines@berkeley.edu RI Schroder, Leif/H-6036-2011; Meldrum, Tyler/P-7420-2015 OI Schroder, Leif/0000-0003-4901-0325; Meldrum, Tyler/0000-0002-5954-0795 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division and Physical Biosciences Division of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SCHR 995/1-1, SCHR 995/2-1]; European Research Council [242710]; German Cancer Research Center FX Research was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division and Physical Biosciences Division of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 [TM, LS, DEW, and AP], by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through Emmy Noether Fellowships (SCHR 995/1-1 and SCHR 995/2-1) [LS], by the European Research Council through Starting Grant Biosensor Imaging under ERC Grant Agreement No. 242710 [LS], and by a fellowship of the German Cancer Research Center [PD]. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 205 IS 2 BP 242 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2010.05.005 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 627SZ UT WOS:000280064500008 PM 20542715 ER PT J AU Fabris, D Yu, ET AF Fabris, Daniele Yu, Eizadora T. TI Elucidating the higher-order structure of biopolymers by structural probing and mass spectrometry: MS3D SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE cross-linking, footprinting, solvent-accessibility probes, covalent labeling; structural probing, molecular modeling, structural biology ID CHEMICAL CROSS-LINKING; PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER DISSOCIATION; COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; SIGNAL RECOGNITION PARTICLE; HYDROGEN-DEUTERIUM EXCHANGE; SPARSE EXPERIMENTAL-DATA; HIV-1 PACKAGING SIGNAL; LINKED PEPTIDES; STRUCTURE PREDICTION AB Chemical probing represents a very versatile alternative for studying the structure and dynamics of substrates that are intractable by established high-resolution techniques. The implementation of MS-based strategies for the characterization of probing products has not only extended the range of applicability to virtually all types of biopolymers but has also paved the way for the introduction of new reagents that would not have been viable with traditional analytical platforms. As the availability of probing data is steadily increasing on the wings of the development of dedicated interpretation aids, powerful computational approaches have been explored to enable the effective utilization of such information to generate valid molecular models. This combination of factors has contributed to making the possibility of obtaining actual 3D structures by MS-based technologies (MS3D) a reality. Although approaches for achieving structure determination of unknown targets or assessing the dynamics of known structures may share similar reagents and development trajectories, they clearly involve distinctive experimental strategies, analytical concerns and interpretation paradigms. This Perspective offers a commentary on methods aimed at obtaining distance constraints for the modeling of full-fledged structures while highlighting common elements, salient distinctions and complementary capabilities exhibited by methods used in dynamics studies. We discuss critical factors to be addressed for completing effective structural determinations and expose possible pitfalls of chemical methods. We survey programs developed for facilitating the interpretation of experimental data and discuss possible computational strategies for translating sparse spatial constraints into all-atom models. Examples are provided to illustrate how the concerted application of very diverse probing techniques can lead to the solution of actual biological systems. Copyright (c) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Fabris, Daniele] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Yu, Eizadora T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Fabris, D (reprint author), SUNY Albany, RNA Inst, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RI Yu, Eizadora/A-8971-2011 FU National Institutes of Health [GM643208, RR019864]; National Science Foundation [Chem 043967]; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This publication was funded by the National Institutes of Health (GM643208 and RR019864) and by the National Science Foundation (Chem 043967) Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 225 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1076-5174 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 45 IS 8 BP 841 EP 860 DI 10.1002/jms.1762 PG 20 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 646UR UT WOS:000281569100001 PM 20648672 ER PT J AU Doeff, MM Chen, JJ Conry, TE Wang, RG Wilcox, J Aumentado, A AF Doeff, Marca M. Chen, Jiajun Conry, Thomas E. Wang, Ruigang Wilcox, James Aumentado, Albert TI Combustion synthesis of nanoparticulate LiMgxMn1-xPO4 (x=0, 0.1, 0.2) carbon composites SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; LITHIUM MANGANESE PHOSPHATE; LIMPO4 M; LIMNPO4; BATTERIES; CATHODE; MN; FE; INTERCALATION; LIFEPO4 AB A combustion synthesis technique was used to prepare nanoparticulate LiMgxMn1-xPO4 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2)/carbon composites. Powders consisted of carbon-coated particles about 30 nm in diameter, which were partly agglomerated into larger secondary particles. The utilization of the active materials in lithium cells depended most strongly on the post-treatment and the Mg content, and was not influenced by the amount of carbon. Best results were achieved with a hydrothermally treated LiMg0.2Mn0.8PO4/C composite, which exhibited close to 50% utilization of the theoretical capacity at a C/2 discharge rate. C1 [Doeff, Marca M.; Chen, Jiajun; Conry, Thomas E.; Wang, Ruigang; Wilcox, James; Aumentado, Albert] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Doeff, MM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mmdoeff@lbl.gov RI Wang, Ruigang/C-2769-2011; Doeff, Marca/G-6722-2013 OI Doeff, Marca/0000-0002-2148-8047 FU Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the United States Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We would like to thank Dr. Robert Kostecki and Dr. Lawrence Hardwick for providing the Raman spectrum. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 20 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1460 EP 1468 DI 10.1557/JMR.2010.0187 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 632SG UT WOS:000280447400008 ER PT J AU Huang, JS Qiao, R Sumpter, BG Meunier, V AF Huang, Jingsong Qiao, Rui Sumpter, Bobby G. Meunier, Vincent TI Effect of diffuse layer and pore shapes in mesoporous carbon supercapacitors SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; ELECTROLYTES; CELLS; MODEL AB In the spirit of the theoretical evolution from the Helmholtz model to the Gouy-Chapman-Stern model for electric double-layer capacitors, we explored the effect of a diffuse layer on the capacitance of mesoporous carbon supercapacitors by solving the Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) equation in mesopores of diameters ranging from 2 to 20 nm. To evaluate the effect of pore shape, both slit and cylindrical pores were considered. We found that the diffuse layer does not affect the capacitance significantly. For slit pores, the area-normalized capacitance is nearly independent of pore size, which is not experimentally observed for template carbons. In comparison, for cylindrical pores, PB simulations indicate a trend of slightly increasing area-normalized capacitance with pore size, similar to that depicted by the electric double-cylinder capacitor model proposed earlier. These results indicate that it is appropriate to approximate the pore shape of mesoporous carbons as being cylindrical and the electric double-cylinder capacitor model should be used for mesoporous carbons as a replacement of the traditional Helmholtz model. C1 [Huang, Jingsong; Sumpter, Bobby G.; Meunier, Vincent] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Qiao, Rui] Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Meunier, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM meunierv@ornl.gov RI Meunier, Vincent/F-9391-2010; Huang, Jingsong/A-2789-2008; Qiao, Rui/B-2350-2009; Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Meunier, Vincent/0000-0002-7013-179X; Huang, Jingsong/0000-0001-8993-2506; Qiao, Rui/0000-0001-5219-5530; Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences; Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy; NSF [0967175] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support from the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and from the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, supported by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy. We thank Dr. T.A. Centeno for pore sizes of Ref. 23. R.Q. was supported by NSF under Grant No. 0967175 and by an appointment to the DOE HERE Program for Faculty at ORNL administered by ORISE. NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 20 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1469 EP 1475 DI 10.1557/JMR.2010.0188 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 632SG UT WOS:000280447400009 ER PT J AU Xu, F Dudney, NJ Veith, GM Kim, Y Erdonmez, C Lai, W Chiang, YM AF Xu, Fan Dudney, Nancy J. Veith, Gabriel M. Kim, Yoongu Erdonmez, Can Lai, Wei Chiang, Yet-Ming TI Properties of lithium phosphorus oxynitride (Ligon) for 3D solid-state lithium batteries SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SPUTTER-DEPOSITION PROCESS; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; ELECTROLYTE THIN-FILMS; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; FABRICATION; ANODE AB The thin film electrolyte known as Lipon (lithium phosphorous oxynitride) has proven successful for planar thin film battery applications. Here, the sputter deposition of the amorphous LiPON electrolyte onto more complex 3D structures is examined. The 3D structures include off-axis alignment of planar substrates and also 10-100 mu m arrays of pores, columns, and grooves. For magnetron sputtering in N(2) gas at 2.6 Pa, the Lipon film deposition is not restricted to be line-of-sight to the target, but forms conformal and dense films over the 3D and off-axis substrates. The deposition rate decreases for areas and grooves that are less accessible by the sputtered flux. The composition varies, but remains within the range that gives sufficient Li(+) ionic conductivity, 2 +/- 1 mu S/cm. C1 [Xu, Fan; Dudney, Nancy J.; Veith, Gabriel M.; Kim, Yoongu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Erdonmez, Can; Lai, Wei; Chiang, Yet-Ming] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Dudney, NJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dudneynj@ornl.gov RI Lai, Wei/E-8942-2011; Dudney, Nancy/I-6361-2016 OI Lai, Wei/0000-0002-9258-5573; Dudney, Nancy/0000-0001-7729-6178 FU DARPA Defense Science Office Division; Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research is sponsored by the DARPA Defense Science Office Division with assistance from the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (G.M.V. and N.J.D.). The authors appreciate the help of Prof. Bruce Dunn in supplying the silver epoxy posts and Christopher Borman for assistance with the ICP studies. Notice: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 44 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1507 EP 1515 DI 10.1557/JMR.2010.0193 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 632SG UT WOS:000280447400014 ER PT J AU Huang, JS Sumpter, BG Meunier, V Yushin, G Portet, C Gogotsi, Y AF Huang, Jingsong Sumpter, Bobby G. Meunier, Vincent Yushin, Gleb Portet, Cristelle Gogotsi, Yury TI Curvature effects in carbon nanomaterials: Exohedral versus endohedral supercapacitors SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITOR; ONION-LIKE CARBON; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; TRANSFER METHODOLOGY; PERFORMANCE; ULTRACAPACITORS; NANOTUBES; ELECTRODE; MODEL AB Capacitive energy storage mechanisms in nanoporous carbon supercapacitors hinge on endohedral interactions in carbon materials with macro-, meso-, and micropores that have negative surface curvature. In this article, we show that because of the positive curvature found in zero-dimensional carbon onions or one-dimensional carbon nanotube arrays, exohedral interactions cause the normalized capacitance to increase with decreasing particle size or tube diameter, in sharp contrast to the behavior of nanoporous carbon materials. This finding is in good agreement with the trend of recent experimental data. Our analysis suggests that electrical energy storage can be improved by exploiting the highly curved surfaces of carbon nanotube arrays with diameters on the order of 1 nm. C1 [Huang, Jingsong; Sumpter, Bobby G.; Meunier, Vincent] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Yushin, Gleb] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Portet, Cristelle; Gogotsi, Yury] Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, AJ Drexel Nanotechnol Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Huang, JS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM huangj3@ornl.gov; gogotsi@drexel.edu RI Meunier, Vincent/F-9391-2010; Huang, Jingsong/A-2789-2008; Gogotsi, Yury/B-2167-2008; Yushin, Gleb/B-4529-2013; Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Meunier, Vincent/0000-0002-7013-179X; Huang, Jingsong/0000-0001-8993-2506; Gogotsi, Yury/0000-0001-9423-4032; Yushin, Gleb/0000-0002-3274-9265; Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences; Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy; Fluid Interface Reactions, Structures and Transport (FIRST) Center; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [ERKCC61] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support from the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and from the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, sponsored by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy. G. Yushin was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Physics and Electronics Directorate. Y. Gogotsi was supported as part of the Fluid Interface Reactions, Structures and Transport (FIRST) Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award No. ERKCC61. NR 32 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 46 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1525 EP 1531 DI 10.1557/JMR.2010.0195 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 632SG UT WOS:000280447400016 ER PT J AU Braun, A Seifert, S Ilavsky, J AF Braun, Artur Seifert, Soenke Ilavsky, Jan TI Highly porous activated glassy carbon film sandwich structure for electrochemical energy storage in ultracapacitor applications: Study of the porous film structure and gradient SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; DOUBLE-LAYER; THERMAL-OXIDATION; VITREOUS CARBON; GROWTH AB Glassy carbon plates were thermochemically gas phase oxidized to obtain monolithic sandwichlike electrode assemblies with high surface area porous films for electrochemical energy storage applications. Film thicknesses were varied by variation of oxidation parameters time, temperature, and oxygen concentration and measured with electron microscopy. The mass density of the porous carbon film material was estimated by fitting a geometrical model to experimental gravimetric data. Optical Raman spectroscopy line scans suggest that the porosity has a gradient between the surface and the film/bulk interface, which is supported by pore-size distribution data obtained from small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) on slightly oxidized and fully oxidized samples. Detailed inspection of the power law behavior of SAXS data suggests that the internal surface area of well-oxidized glassy carbon (GC) is compact and extends over the entire probed volume and thus has optimal pore connectivity. This effect goes along with pore enlargement and a relative decrease of internal surface area per volume. Slightly oxidized carbon has no pore space with a compact, high connectivity internal surface area. The corresponding SAXS power law and the x-ray density suggest that this high volumetric surface area must be interpreted as a result of surface roughness, rather than true geometric or volumetric surface area. In consequence, this surface area is of limited use for electrochemical energy storage. C1 [Braun, Artur] Empa, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing & Res, Lab High Performance Ceram, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Braun, Artur] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Braun, Artur] Paul Scherrer Inst, Gen Energy Res Dept, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Seifert, Soenke; Ilavsky, Jan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Braun, A (reprint author), Empa, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing & Res, Lab High Performance Ceram, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. EM artur.braun@alumni.ethz.ch RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013; BRAUN, Artur/A-1154-2009 OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900; BRAUN, Artur/0000-0002-6992-7774 FU United States Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; European Commission [CT-2006-042095] FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the United States Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We are grateful to Dr. J-C. Panitz (PSI) for the Raman and Dr. Yuanzhi Chen (Univ. of Kentucky) for the SEM experiments. Financial support by the European Commission (MIRG No. CT-2006-042095) is acknowledged. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1532 EP 1540 DI 10.1557/JMR.2010.0197 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 632SG UT WOS:000280447400017 ER PT J AU Wang, CM Xu, W Liu, J Choi, DW Arey, B Saraf, LV Zhang, JG Yang, ZG Thevuthasan, S Baer, DR Salmon, N AF Wang, C. M. Xu, W. Liu, J. Choi, D. W. Arey, B. Saraf, L. V. Zhang, J. G. Yang, Z. G. Thevuthasan, S. Baer, D. R. Salmon, N. TI In situ transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy studies of interfaces in Li ion batteries: Challenges and opportunities SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; LITHIUM; GROWTH; GRAPHITE; LIXFEPO4; SEI AB Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and spectroscopy have been evolved to a stage such that they can be routinely used to probe the structure and composition of the materials with the resolution of a single atomic column. However, a direct in situ TEM observation of structural evolution of the materials in a lithium ion battery during dynamic operation of the battery has never been reported. In this paper, we report the results of exploring the in situ TEM techniques for observation of interfaces in the lithium ion battery during the operation of the battery. A miniature battery was fabricated using a single nanowire and an ionic liquid electrolyte. The structure and composition of the interface across the anode and the electrolyte was studied using TEM imaging, electron diffraction, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. In addition, we also explored the possibilities of carrying out in situ TEM studies of lithium ion batteries with a solid state electrolyte. C1 [Wang, C. M.; Arey, B.; Saraf, L. V.; Thevuthasan, S.; Baer, D. R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Xu, W.; Choi, D. W.; Zhang, J. G.; Yang, Z. G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Liu, J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Salmon, N.] Hummingbird Sci, Lacey, WA 98516 USA. RP Wang, CM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Chongmin.Wang@pnl.gov RI Choi, Daiwon/B-6593-2008; Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013; OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961; Xu, Wu/0000-0002-2685-8684 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Offices of Basic Energy Sciences and Biological and Environmental Research; DOE [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX The authors thank Michael C. Perkins of PNNL for graphics work on Fig. 2 and Dr. J.Y. Huang of Sandia National Laboratory for helpful discussions. This work was supported by U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Offices of Basic Energy Sciences and Biological and Environmental Research. The work was conducted in the William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by Battelle for the DOE under Contract No. DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 30 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 10 U2 94 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1541 EP 1547 DI 10.1557/JMR.2010.0198 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 632SG UT WOS:000280447400018 ER PT J AU Scheffler, R Bell, NS Sigmund, W AF Scheffler, Raymond Bell, Nelson S. Sigmund, Wolfgang TI Electrospun Teflon AF fibers for superhydrophobic membranes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EXHIBITING SUPERHYDROPHOBICITY; NANOFIBERS; BATTERIES AB Superhydrophobic membranes have the potential to protect devices from incidental exposure to water. This paper reports on the processing of Teflon AF fluoropolymers through electrospinning. Teflon AF is difficult to electrospin due to its low dielectric constant and the low dielectric constants of the liquids in which it is soluble. The two approaches that have been utilized to produce fibers are direct electrospinning in Novec engineering liquids and core-shell electrospinning. Both methods produced superhydrophobic membranes. Fibers with an average diameter of 290 nm and average water contact angle of 151 degrees were obtained by core-shell electrospinning. One suggested application for electrospun superhydrophobic membranes is the lithium-air battery. C1 [Scheffler, Raymond; Sigmund, Wolfgang] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bell, Nelson S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Sigmund, Wolfgang] Hanyang Univ, Dept Energy Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. RP Sigmund, W (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM wsigm@mse.ufl.edu FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC04-94AL8500] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company. This work was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL8500. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 37 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1595 EP 1600 DI 10.1557/JMR.2010.0205 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 632SG UT WOS:000280447400025 ER PT J AU Cabana, J Johnson, CS Yang, XQ Chung, KY Yoon, WS Kang, SH Thackeray, MM Grey, CP AF Cabana, Jordi Johnson, Christopher S. Yang, Xiao-Qing Chung, Kyung-Yoon Yoon, Won-Sub Kang, Sun-Ho Thackeray, Michael M. Grey, Clare P. TI Structural complexity of layered-spinel composite electrodes for Li-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-MANGANESE OXIDE; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CATHODE MATERIALS; IN-SITU; STRUCTURE REFINEMENT; POSITIVE-ELECTRODE; NMR; LI2MNO3; MAS; DIOXIDE AB The complexity of layered-spinel yLi(2)MnO(3)center dot(1-y)L(i+x)Mn(2-x)O(4) (Li:Mn = 1.2:1; 0 <= x <= 0.33; y >= 0.45) composites synthesized at different temperatures has been investigated by a combination of x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). While the layered component does not change substantially between samples, an evolution of the spinet component from a high to a low lithium excess phase has been traced with temperature by comparing with data for pure Li(1+x)Mn(2-x)O(4). The changes that occur to the structure of the spinel component and to the average oxidation state of the manganese ions within the composite structure as lithium is electrochemically removed in a battery have been monitored using these techniques, in some cases in situ. Our (6)Li NMR results constitute the first direct observation of lithium removal from Li(2)MnO(3) and the formation of LiMnO(2) upon lithium reinsertion. C1 [Yoon, Won-Sub] Kookmin Univ, Sch Adv Mat Engn, Seoul 136702, South Korea. [Cabana, Jordi; Grey, Clare P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Johnson, Christopher S.; Kang, Sun-Ho; Thackeray, Michael M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Electrochem Energy Storage, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Yang, Xiao-Qing; Chung, Kyung-Yoon] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Chung, Kyung-Yoon] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Adv Battery Ctr, Seoul 136791, South Korea. RP Yoon, WS (reprint author), Kookmin Univ, Sch Adv Mat Engn, 861-1 Jeongneung Dong, Seoul 136702, South Korea. EM wsyoon@kookmin.ac.kr; cgrey@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Kang, Sun-Ho/E-7570-2010; Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011; Cabana, Jordi/G-6548-2012; Chung, Kyung Yoon/E-4646-2011 OI Cabana, Jordi/0000-0002-2353-5986; Chung, Kyung Yoon/0000-0002-1273-746X FU U.S. DOE Office of FreedomCAR [DE-AC03-76SF00098, 6517749]; Generalitat de Catalunya; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DEAC02-98CH10886]; Kookmin University; Fundamental Materials & Components technology developing program; Korean government [2009-0067121] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Jun Wang at Argonne National Laboratory for assistance with the XRD data collection at the Advanced Photon Source. Dr. Montse Casas-Cabanas is thanked for her comments and assistance with the profile refinements. J.C. and C.P.G. acknowledge support from the U.S. DOE Office of FreedomCAR (Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098; sub-contract 6517749 with LBNL). J.C. is indebted to the Generalitat de Catalunya for providing funding through a Beatriu de Pinos postdoctoral fellowship. Support for C.S.J., S.H.K., and M.M.T. from the Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 is gratefully acknowledged. The work at Kookmin University was supported by research program 2009 of Kookmin University and the grant from the Fundamental Materials & Components technology developing program and National Research Foundation of Korea (No. 2009-0067121) funded by the Korean government. The work at BNL was supported by the Office of Vehicle Technologies, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC02-98CH10886. NR 45 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 89 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1601 EP 1616 DI 10.1557/JMR.2010.0206 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 632SG UT WOS:000280447400026 ER PT J AU Au, M Adams, T AF Au, Ming Adams, Thad TI Nanostructured metal oxides for anodes of Li-ion rechargeable batteries SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HOLLOW MICROSPHERES; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; HIGH-CAPACITY; LITHIUM; SNO2; ELECTRODE AB The aligned freestanding nanorods (NR) of Co(3)O(4) and nanoporous hollow spheres (NHS) of SnO(2) and Mn(2)O(3) were investigated as the anodes for Li-ion rechargeable batteries. The Co(3)O(4) nanorods demonstrated 1433 mAh/g of reversible capacity initially and then decreased gradually. The NHS of SnO(2), and Mn(2)O(3) delivered enemy densities as 400 and 250 mAh/g, respectively, in multiple galvonastatic discharge-charge cycles. The morphologic changes of the nanostructure anodes were investigated. It was found that Co(3)O(4) NR broke down during cycles, but SnO(2) NHS still maintained their structural integrity in multiple cycles resulting in sustainable high capacity. The nanostructured metal oxides exhibit great potential as the new anode materials for Li-ion rechargeable batteries with high energy density, low cost, and inherent safety. C1 [Au, Ming; Adams, Thad] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Au, M (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM ming.au@sml.doe.gov FU Savannah River National Laboratory LDRD program; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC09-08SR22470] FX This work was financially supported by the Savannah River National Laboratory LDRD program. Savannah River National Laboratory is operated by Savannah River Nuclear Solution for the United States Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC09-08SR22470. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1649 EP 1655 DI 10.1557/JMR.2010.0212 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 632SG UT WOS:000280447400031 ER PT J AU Lu, WQ Jansen, A Dees, D Henriksen, G AF Lu, Wenquan Jansen, Andrew Dees, Dennis Henriksen, Gary TI Olivine electrode engineering impact on the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CATHODES AB High energy and power density lithium iron phosphate was studied for hybrid electric vehicle applications. This work addresses the effects of porosity in a composite electrode using a four-point probe resistivity analyzer, galvanostatic cycling, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The four-point probe result indicates that the porosity of composite electrode affects the electronic conductivity significantly. This effect is also observed from the cell's pulse current discharge performance. Compared to the direct current (dc) methods used, the EIS data are more sensitive to electrode porosity, especially for electrodes with low porosity values. C1 [Lu, Wenquan; Jansen, Andrew; Dees, Dennis; Henriksen, Gary] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lu, WQ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM luw@anl.gov RI Jansen, Andrew/Q-5912-2016 OI Jansen, Andrew/0000-0003-3244-7790 FU United States Department of Energy's Office; United States Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors are thankful to Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. for supplying the olivine material. Support from David Howell of the United States Department of Energy's Office of Vehicle Technologies Program is gratefully acknowledged. The electron microscopy was accomplished at the Electron Microscopy Center for Materials Research at Argonne National Laboratory, a United States Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 by UChicago Argonne, LLC. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1656 EP 1660 DI 10.1557/JMR.2010.0214 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 632SG UT WOS:000280447400032 ER PT J AU Lehman, JH Hurst, KE Singh, G Mansfield, E Perkins, JD Cromer, CL AF Lehman, John H. Hurst, Katherine E. Singh, Gurpreet Mansfield, Elisabeth Perkins, John D. Cromer, Christopher L. TI Core-shell composite of SiCN and multiwalled carbon nanotubes from toluene dispersion SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Lehman, John H.; Mansfield, Elisabeth; Cromer, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hurst, Katherine E.; Perkins, John D.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Singh, Gurpreet] Kansas State Univ, Mech & Nucl Engn Dept, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Lehman, JH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lehman@boulder.nist.gov RI Mansfield, Elisabeth/C-5258-2012; Singh, Gurpreet/J-9083-2012 OI Mansfield, Elisabeth/0000-0003-2463-0966; NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 45 IS 15 BP 4251 EP 4254 DI 10.1007/s10853-010-4611-4 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 608JO UT WOS:000278580100040 ER PT J AU Yeh, WW Rahman, I Hraber, P Giri, A Nevidomskyte, D Coffey, RT Asmal, M Miljkovic, S Whitney, JB Keele, BF Shaw, GM Korber, BT Seaman, MS Letvin, NL AF Yeh, Wendy W. Rahman, Ishita Hraber, Peter Giri, Ayush Nevidomskyte, Daiva Coffey, Rory T. Asmal, Mohammed Miljkovic, Svetlana Whitney, James B. Keele, Brandon F. Shaw, George M. Korber, Bette T. Seaman, Michael S. Letvin, Norman L. TI AUTOLOGOUS NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES THAT SELECT VIRAL ESCAPE VARIANTS EMERGE LATE AFTER SIV INFECTION OF RHESUS MONKEYS SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yeh, Wendy W.; Rahman, Ishita; Giri, Ayush; Nevidomskyte, Daiva; Coffey, Rory T.; Asmal, Mohammed; Miljkovic, Svetlana; Whitney, James B.; Seaman, Michael S.; Letvin, Norman L.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Viral Pathogenesis, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Hraber, Peter; Korber, Bette T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Theoret Biol & Biophys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Keele, Brandon F.; Shaw, George M.] Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 39 IS 4 MA 16 BP 271 EP 272 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 619RV UT WOS:000279448900025 ER PT J AU Santra, S Liao, HX Zhang, RJ Muldoon, M Watson, S Fischer, W Theiler, J Balachandran, H Buzby, A Quinn, D Parks, RJ Tsao, CY Carville, A Mansfield, KG Haynes, BF Korber, BT Letvin, NL AF Santra, Sampa Liao, Hua-Xin Zhang, Ruijin Muldoon, Mark Watson, Sydaeka Fischer, Will Theiler, James Balachandran, Harikrishnan Buzby, Adam Quinn, David Parks, Robert J. Tsao, Chun-Yen Carville, Angela Mansfield, Keith G. Haynes, Barton F. Korber, Bette T. Letvin, Norman L. TI MOSAIC VACCINES ELICIT CD8+T CELL RESPONSES IN MONKEYS THAT CONFER IMMUNE COVERAGE OF DIVERSE HIV STRAINS SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Santra, Sampa; Balachandran, Harikrishnan; Buzby, Adam; Quinn, David; Letvin, Norman L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Viral Pathogenesis,Dept Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Liao, Hua-Xin; Zhang, Ruijin; Parks, Robert J.; Tsao, Chun-Yen; Haynes, Barton F.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Muldoon, Mark] Univ Manchester, Sch Math, Dept Math, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Watson, Sydaeka; Fischer, Will; Theiler, James; Korber, Bette T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Fischer, Will/B-1323-2013 OI Fischer, Will/0000-0003-4579-4062 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 39 IS 4 MA LB3 BP 282 EP 282 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 619RV UT WOS:000279448900057 ER PT J AU Whitney, JB Hraber, PT Ludemann, C Rao, SS Mascola, JR Korber, B Nabel, GJ Letvin, NL AF Whitney, James B. Hraber, Peter T. Ludemann, Corinne Rao, Srinivas S. Mascola, John R. Korber, Bette Nabel, Gary J. Letvin, Norman L. TI EARLY GENITAL TRACT SEQUESTRATION DURING ACUTE SIV INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Whitney, James B.; Ludemann, Corinne; Letvin, Norman L.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Viral Pathogenesis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hraber, Peter T.; Korber, Bette] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Rao, Srinivas S.; Mascola, John R.] NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 39 IS 4 MA 102 BP 301 EP 301 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 619RV UT WOS:000279448900113 ER PT J AU Geiger, EJ Pisano, AP Svec, F AF Geiger, Emil J. Pisano, Albert P. Svec, Frantisek TI A Polymer-Based Microfluidic Platform Featuring On-Chip Actuated Hydrogel Valves for Disposable Applications SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Hydrogel; injectionmolding; microfluidics; valve ID FLOW-CONTROL; MECHANICAL FUNCTIONALITY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SMALL MOLECULES; SYSTEMS; DEVICES; INTERCONNECTS; AMPLIFICATION; TECHNOLOGIES; MICRODEVICES AB We present a highly functional polymer-based microfluidic device for disposable applications. This device is plastic injection molded and exhibits three levels of functionality: 1) fluidic interconnects are monolithically integrated with the device, enabling robust manufacturing and high-pressure operation (> 3.5 MPa); 2) a metal layer is lithographically patterned in the form of microheaters; and 3) a thermally sensitive hydrogel valve is integrated into the channel. The valve is normally closed at room temperature. Upon heating to above the lower critical solution temperature of 32 degrees C, the polymer valve becomes hydrophobic, shrinks while forming large pores, and permits flow. The device has been actuated reliably over 100 times with no apparent degradation. The valve closing response using the integrated on-chip heaters is 5 s, as opposed to 20 s when using off-chip heat sources. On average, a completed device can be fabricated in less than 2 h and only requires an external pressure source and electrical controller for operation. [2009-0204] C1 [Geiger, Emil J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. [Pisano, Albert P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Svec, Frantisek] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Geiger, EJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM emiljgeiger@llnl.gov RI Geiger, Emil/G-5341-2015 OI Geiger, Emil/0000-0001-5828-805X FU National Science Foundation; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported in part by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. F. Svec and the preparation of valves carried out at the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, were supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Subject Editor F. Ayazi. NR 58 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 EI 1941-0158 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 19 IS 4 BP 944 EP 950 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2010.2048702 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 671WO UT WOS:000283543400025 ER PT J AU Ye, XH Rollin, J Zhang, YHP AF Ye, Xinhao Rollin, Joe Zhang, Yi-Heng Percival TI Thermophilic alpha-glucan phosphorylase from Clostridium thermocellum: Cloning, characterization and enhanced thermostability SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS B-ENZYMATIC LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Biocatalysis and Biotransformations CY JUL 05-09, 2009 CL Bern, SWITZERLAND DE alpha-Glucan phosphorylase; Biocatalysis; Building block; Clostridium thermocellum; Cell-free synthetic biology; Synthetic pathway biotransformation (SyPaB); Thermostability ID COLI MALTODEXTRIN PHOSPHORYLASE; GLYCOGEN-PHOSPHORYLASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OLIGOSACCHARIDE SUBSTRATE; CELLULOSE UTILIZATION; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; THERMOTOGA-MARITIMA; PURIFICATION; HYDROGEN; ENZYMES AB ORF Cthe0357 from the thermophilic bacterium Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 that encodes a putative alpha-glucan phosphorylase (alpha GP) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The protein with a C-terminal His-tag was purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatography: the tag-free protein obtained from a cellulose-binding module-intein-alpha GP fusion protein was purified through affinity adsorption on amorphous cellulose followed by intein self-cleavage. Both purified enzymes had molecular weights of ca. 81,000 and similar specific activities. The optimal conditions were pH 6.0-6.5 and 60 degrees C for the synthesis direction and pH 7.0-7.5 and 80 degrees C for the degradation direction. This enzyme had broad substrate specificities for different chain length dextrins and soluble starch. The thermal inactivation of this enzyme strongly depended on temperature, protein concentration, and certain addictives that were shown previously to benefit the protein thermostability. The half lifetime of 0.05 mg alpha GP/mL at 50 degrees C was extended by 45-fold to 90 h through a combined addition of 0.1 mM Mg2+, 5 mM DTT, 1% NaCl, 0.1% Triton X-100, and 1 mg/mL BSA. The enzyme with prolonged stability would work as a building block for cell-free synthetic enzymatic pathway biotransformations, which can implement complicated biocatalysis through assembly of a number of enzymes and coenzymes. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ye, Xinhao; Rollin, Joe; Zhang, Yi-Heng Percival] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zhang, Yi-Heng Percival] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, ICTAS, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zhang, Yi-Heng Percival] DOE Bioenergy Sci Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, YHP (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 210-A Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM biofuels@vt.edu RI Ye, Xinhao/J-7591-2013 NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-1177 J9 J MOL CATAL B-ENZYM JI J. Mol. Catal. B-Enzym. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 65 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 110 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.01.015 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 612TN UT WOS:000278926300019 ER PT J AU McRaven, CP Sivakumar, P Shafer-Ray, NE Hall, GE Sears, TJ AF McRaven, C. P. Sivakumar, P. Shafer-Ray, N. E. Hall, Gregory E. Sears, Trevor J. TI Spectroscopic constants of the known electronic states of lead monofluoride SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE REMP1; Electron EDM; Double resonance spectroscopy; Fine structure spectra ID LOW-LYING STATES; RADIATIVE LIFETIMES; PBF; TRANSITIONS; SPECTRA; PBCL AB Based on measurements made by mass-resolved 1 + 1' + 1 '' resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy, we have determined new molecular constants describing the rotational and fine structure levels of the B, D, E, and F states of the most abundant isotopic variant (208)Pb(19)F, and we summarize the spectroscopic constants for all the know electronic states of the radical. Many spectroscopic constants for the isotopologues (206)Pb(19)F and (207)Pb(19)F have also been determined. The symmetry of the D-state is found to be (2)Pi(1/2) the F-state is found to be an Omega = 3/2 state. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [McRaven, C. P.; Sivakumar, P.; Shafer-Ray, N. E.] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hall, Gregory E.; Sears, Trevor J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shafer-Ray, NE (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM shaferry@physics.ou.edu RI Hall, Gregory/D-4883-2013; Sears, Trevor/B-5990-2013 OI Hall, Gregory/0000-0002-8534-9783; Sears, Trevor/0000-0002-5559-0154 FU National Science Foundation [PHY0602490]; United States Department of Energy [DOE-07ER46361, DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences FX This work was performed with the support of a grant from the National Science Foundation (Grant No. PHY0602490) and the United States Department of Energy (DOE-07ER46361) Work by G.E.H. and T.J.S. at Brookhaven National Laboratory was performed under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the US Department of Energy and supported by its Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 262 IS 2 BP 89 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2010.05.006 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 638XA UT WOS:000280930600005 ER PT J AU Jo, JH Jo, EM Park, D Lee, DS Woo, SH AF Jo, Ji Hye Jo, Eun Mi Park, Donghee Lee, Dae Sung Woo, Seung Han TI Application of Kernel Partial Least Square to Predict Biological Hydrogen Production by Enterobacter aerogenes SO JOURNAL OF NANOELECTRONICS AND OPTOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Enterobacter aerogenes; Hydrogen Production; Multivariate Statistical Process Control; Partial Least Squares; Kernel-Based Algorithms ID EVOLUTION; WASTE AB Hydrogen production by dark fermentation, where hydrogenase enzymes catalyze the oxidation or evolution of molecular hydrogen from two protons (H(+)) and electrons, is an economic and environmentally friendly technology for producing clean energy. However, the long-term operations of a continuous anaerobic reactor for fermentative hydrogen production were frequently unstable. In this study, a kernel partial least squares (KPLS) algorithm is employed to develop an online estimation of the key process variables in a biological hydrogen production process by Enterobacter aerogenes in minimal time and with minimal cost. The KPLS approach is potentially very efficient for predicting key quality variables of nonlinear processes by mapping an original input space into a high-dimensional feature space. The proposed kernel-based algorithm could effectively capture the nonlinear relationship in the process variables and show far better performance in the prediction of the key process variable compared with the conventional linear PLS and other nonlinear PLS methods. C1 [Woo, Seung Han] Hanbat Natl Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Taejon 305719, South Korea. [Jo, Ji Hye] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Jo, Eun Mi; Park, Donghee; Lee, Dae Sung] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Taegu 702701, South Korea. RP Woo, SH (reprint author), Hanbat Natl Univ, Dept Chem Engn, San 16-1, Taejon 305719, South Korea. FU Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) [2010-0001444, 2009-0093819]; Brain Korea 21 Program; Ministry of Knowledge and Economy [20094010200010] FX This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) (2010-0001444). This work was also partially supported by the second phase of the Brain Korea 21 Program in 2010 as well as by the Priority Research Centers Program through the NRF funded by the MEST (2009-0093819). This work is also the outcome of a Manpower Development Program for Energy and Resources supported by the Ministry of Knowledge and Economy (20094010200010). NR 12 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1555-130X J9 J NANOELECTRON OPTOE JI J. Nanoelectron. Optoelectron. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 5 IS 2 SI SI BP 203 EP 207 DI 10.1166/jno.2010.1094 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 644TY UT WOS:000281405400023 ER PT J AU Jo, JH Lim, JT Lee, DS Park, JM AF Jo, Ji Hye Lim, Jun Taek Lee, Dae Sung Park, Jong Moon TI Determination of Plasmid Stability in Hydrogen-Producing Recombinant Clostridium tyrobutyricum JM1 by Real-Time PCR Quantification SO JOURNAL OF NANOELECTRONICS AND OPTOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen Production; Real-Time Quantitative PCR (qPCR); Plasmid Stability; Clostridium tyrobutyricum ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; COPY NUMBER; CELLULOLYTICUM; ACETOBUTYLICUM AB Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was applied to determine plasmid stability in recombinant Clostridium tyrobutyricum harboring pJIR418 shuttle vector (ATCC 77387). For the detection of the plasmid and the host chromosomal DNA, two primer sets were designed specifically for the plasmid chloramphenicol-resistant gene (cml) and for the 16S rRNA gene (16S), respectively. The plasmid copy number can be determined as the copy ratio of cml to 16S. The qPCR assay was able to evaluate the plasmid stability with good reproducibility and high sensitivity in non-selective conditions during a continuous fermentation. C1 [Lee, Dae Sung] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Jo, Ji Hye] Biosci Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Lim, Jun Taek; Park, Jong Moon] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Pohang 790784, Gyeongbuk, South Korea. RP Lee, DS (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Environm Engn, 1370 Sankyuk Dong, Taegu 702701, South Korea. FU Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2010-0001444]; Korean Government [KRF-2008-357-D00155]; Brain Korea 21 Program; MEST [2009-0093819]; Ministry of Knowledge and Economy [20094010200010] FX This work was financially supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2010-0001444) and by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (KRF-2008-357-D00155). This work was also partially supported by the second phase of the Brain Korea 21 Program in 2010, as well as by the Priority Research Centers Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the MEST (2009-0093819). This work is also the outcome of a Manpower Development Program for Energy & Resources supported by the Ministry of Knowledge and Economy (20094010200010). NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1555-130X J9 J NANOELECTRON OPTOE JI J. Nanoelectron. Optoelectron. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 5 IS 2 SI SI BP 257 EP 261 DI 10.1166/jno.2010.1105 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 644TY UT WOS:000281405400034 ER PT J AU Yu, WH France, DM Singh, D Timofeeva, EV Smith, DS Routbort, JL AF Yu, Wenhua France, David M. Singh, Dileep Timofeeva, Elena V. Smith, David S. Routbort, Jules L. TI Mechanisms and Models of Effective Thermal Conductivities of Nanofluids SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Nanofluids; Thermal Conductivity; Mechanism; Model ID HEAT-TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS; NANOPARTICLE-FLUID MIXTURE; CARBON NANOTUBE COMPOSITES; AGGREGATION KINETICS; INTERFACIAL LAYERS; BROWNIAN-MOTION; PARTICLE; LIQUID; SUSPENSION; RESISTANCE AB The physical mechanisms and mathematical models of the effective thermal conductivities of nanofluids have long been of interest to the nanofluid research community because the effective thermal conductivities of nanofluids cannot generally be fully explained and predicted by classical effective medium theories. This review article summarizes considerable progress made on this topic. Specifically, the physical mechanisms and mathematical models of the effective thermal conductivities of nanofluids are reviewed, the potential contributions of those physical mechanisms are evaluated, and the comparisons of the theoretical predictions and experimental data are presented along with opportunities for future research. C1 [Yu, Wenhua; Timofeeva, Elena V.; Smith, David S.; Routbort, Jules L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [France, David M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Singh, Dileep] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yu, WH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Timofeeva, Elena/E-6391-2010; OI Timofeeva, Elena V./0000-0001-7839-2727 FU Office of Vehicle Technologies of the US Department of Energy at Argonne National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Vehicle Technologies of the US Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357 at Argonne National Laboratory, managed by the University of Chicago Argonne LLC. NR 110 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 10 IS 8 BP 4824 EP 4849 DI 10.1166/jnn.2010.2413 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 601JV UT WOS:000278056200002 PM 21125818 ER PT J AU Hosemann, P Kabra, S Stergar, E Cappillo, MJ Maloy, SA AF Hosemann, P. Kabra, S. Stergar, E. Cappillo, M. J. Maloy, S. A. TI Micro-structural characterization of laboratory heats of the Ferric/Martensitic steels HT-9 and T91 SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FERRITIC/MARTENSITIC STEELS; IRRADIATION CREEP; DEGREES-C AB Ferritic/Martensitic materials such as T91 (9Cr-1Mo) and HT-9 (12Cr-1Mo) are candidate materials for nuclear reactor fuel cladding. In order to ensure a full understanding of these materials microstructure in this study a comprehensive characterization of these alloys was conducted. A heat of HT-9 and T91 was produced and the micro-structural changes from the as cast state to the final heat treated sheet product were characterized. Metallography revealed an overall picture of the different microstructures while neutron diffraction performed during the materials heat treatment revealed insight about texture, thermal expansion and transition temperatures. 3D atom probe showed the exact overall composition and the local composition the carbides formed in the material. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hosemann, P.; Kabra, S.; Cappillo, M. J.; Maloy, S. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hosemann, P.; Stergar, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stergar, E.] Univ Leoben, A-8700 Leoben, Austria. RP Hosemann, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 8,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM peterh@lanl.gov RI Kabra, Saurabh/M-3888-2014; Maloy, Stuart/A-8672-2009; OI Kabra, Saurabh/0000-0002-8080-6287; Maloy, Stuart/0000-0001-8037-1319; Hosemann, Peter/0000-0003-2281-2213 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DOE) [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work has benefited from the use of the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center at LANSCE, which is funded by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DOE). Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 403 IS 1-3 BP 7 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.05.005 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 638LP UT WOS:000280896700002 ER PT J AU Katoh, Y Snead, LL Nozawa, T Kondo, S Busby, JT AF Katoh, Yutai Snead, Lance L. Nozawa, Takashi Kondo, Sosuke Busby, Jeremy T. TI Thermophysical and mechanical properties of near-stoichiometric fiber CVI SiC/SiC composites after neutron irradiation at elevated temperatures SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE COMPOSITES; CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TENSILE PROPERTIES; SIC FIBERS; CRACKING; BEHAVIOR; FUSION AB Thermophysical and mechanical properties of high purity chemically vapor-deposited (CVD) SiC and chemically vapor-infiltrated SiC matrix, pyrocarbon/SiC multilayered interphase composites with Hi-Nicalon (TM) Type-S and Tyranno (TM)-SA3 SiC fibers were evaluated following neutron irradiation. Specimens including statistically significant population of tensile bars were irradiated up to 5.3 displacement-per-atom at similar to 220 to similar to 1080 degrees C in the Advanced Test Reactor at Idaho National Laboratory and High Flux Isotope Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Thermal diffusivity/conductivity of all materials decreased during irradiation. The reciprocal thermal diffusivity linearly increased with temperature from ambient to the irradiation temperature. The magnitude of defect thermal resistance was distinctively different among materials and its ranking was Hi-Nicalon (TM) Type-S > Tyranno (TM)-SA3 > CVD SiC regardless of irradiation condition. Dynamic Young's modulus decrease for the irradiated CVD SiC exhibited explicit correlation with swelling. No significant effects of neutron irradiation on tensile properties of the composites were revealed, except for an anomaly case for the Hi-Nicalon (TM) Type-S composite irradiated in a specific condition. According to the single filament tensile evaluation, fibers of both types retained the original strength during irradiation at intermediate temperatures but significantly deteriorated during bare fiber irradiation at similar to 910 degrees C. However, fiber strength deterioration was not observed when irradiated in composite form. Irradiation effects on the fiber-matrix interface properties were discussed based on results from the composite and single filament tensile tests, the hysteresis analysis, and the fracture surface examination. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Katoh, Yutai; Snead, Lance L.; Nozawa, Takashi; Kondo, Sosuke; Busby, Jeremy T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Katoh, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM katohy@ornl.gov OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 FU Office of Nuclear Energy, US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Office of Nuclear Energy, US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. Additional support was provided by the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory. The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge contributions from R. Northey, D. Peters, and W. Cuddy of the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory. Part of irradiation for this work was carried out in the High Flux Isotope Reactor, a Basic Energy Science User Facility. NR 40 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 403 IS 1-3 BP 48 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.06.002 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 638LP UT WOS:000280896700008 ER PT J AU Burkes, DE Papesch, CA Maddison, AP Hartmann, T Rice, FJ AF Burkes, Douglas E. Papesch, Cynthia A. Maddison, Andrew P. Hartmann, Thomas Rice, Francine J. TI Thermo-physical properties of DU-10 wt.% Mo alloys SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID URANIUM AB Low-enriched uranium alloyed with 10 wt.% molybdenum is under consideration by the Global Threat Reduction Initiative reactor convert program as a very high density fuel to enable the conversion of high-performance research reactors away from highly-enriched uranium fuels. As with any fuel development program, the thermo-physical properties of the fuel as a function of temperature are extremely important and must be well characterized in order to effectively model and predict fuel behavior under normal and off-normal irradiation conditions. For the alloy system under investigation, the available thermo-physical property data is relatively inconsistent and often lacks appropriate explanation. Available literature on this alloy system comes mainly from studies done during the 19605 and 1970s, and often does not include sufficient information on fabrication history or conditions to draw conclusions for the current application. The current paper has investigated specific heat capacity, coefficient of linear thermal expansion, density, and thermal diffusivity that were then used to calculate alloy thermal conductivity as a function of temperature. The data obtained from this investigation was compared to available literature on similar U-Mo alloys, and in most cases are in good agreement. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Burkes, Douglas E.; Papesch, Cynthia A.; Maddison, Andrew P.; Rice, Francine J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Fuels & Mat Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Hartmann, Thomas] Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Burkes, DE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Fuels & Mat Div, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Douglas.Burkes@inl.gov FU US Department of Energy (DOE); National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) under DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. Accordingly, the US Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes. NR 28 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 403 IS 1-3 BP 160 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.06.018 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 638LP UT WOS:000280896700022 ER PT J AU Parish, CM Snow, CS Kammler, DR Brewer, LN AF Parish, Chad M. Snow, Clark S. Kammler, Daniel R. Brewer, Luke N. TI Processing effects on microstructure in Er and ErD2 thin-films SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITED ERBIUM FILMS; HYDROGEN ABSORPTION; HELIUM; GROWTH; TRITIDES; EVOLUTION; METALS; LANI4.25AL0.75; TEMPERATURE; DESORPTION AB Erbium metal thin-films have been deposited on molybdenum-on-silicon substrates and then converted to erbium dideuteride (ErD2). Here, we study the effects of deposition temperature (approximate to 300 or 723 K) and deposition rate (1 or 20 nm/s) upon the initial Er metal microstructure and subsequent ErD2 microstructure. We find that low deposition temperature and low deposition rate lead to small Er metal grain sizes, and high deposition temperature and deposition rate led to larger Er metal grain sizes, consistent with published models of metal thin-film growth. ErD2 grain sizes are strongly influenced by the prior-metal grain size, with small metal grains leading to large ErD2 grains. A novel sample preparation technique for electron backscatter diffraction of air-sensitive ErD2 was developed, and allowed the quantitative measurement of ErD2 grain size and crystallographic texture. Finer-grained ErD2 showed a strong (1 1 1) fiber texture, whereas larger grained ErD2 had only weak texture. We hypothesize that this inverse correlation may arise from improved hydrogen diffusion kinetics in the more defective fine-grained metal structure or due to improved nucleation in the textured large-grain Er. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Parish, Chad M.; Snow, Clark S.; Kammler, Daniel R.; Brewer, Luke N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Parish, CM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM parishcm@ornl.gov RI Parish, Chad/J-8381-2013 FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Liz Holm, Bonnie McKenzie, and Joseph Michael provided valuable technical advice and assistance. Ryan Wixom (SNL), Rob Ferrizz (SNL), Ed Kenik (ORNL) and Ray Unocic (ORNL) critiqued the manuscript. Thanks to Dale Zschiesche for collecting the XRD data. NR 51 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 403 IS 1-3 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.06.026 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 638LP UT WOS:000280896700025 ER PT J AU Srivastava, SC AF Srivastava, Suresh C. TI Powell "Jim'' Richards 1917-2010 IN MEMORIAM SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Srivastava, SC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 51 IS 8 BP 17N EP 17N PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 635HG UT WOS:000280645600006 ER PT J AU Li, Y Calisal, SM AF Li, Ye Calisal, Sander M. TI A Discrete Vortex Method for Simulating a Stand-Alone Tidal-Current Turbine: Modeling and Validation SO JOURNAL OF OFFSHORE MECHANICS AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE tidal power; tidal-current; discrete-vortex method; unsteady flow; viscous effect; numerical simulation; kinematic and dynamic validation; towing tank test ID AXIS; ENERGY AB This paper advanced our recent effort (Li and calisal, 2007, "Preliminary Result of a Discrete Vortex Method for Individual Marine Current Turbine," The 26th ASME International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Jun. 10-15, San Diego, CA) to study the behavior of tidal-current turbines. We propose a discrete-vortex method with free-wake structure (DVM-UBC) to describe the behavior of a stand-alone tidal-current turbine and its surrounding unsteady flow and develop a numerical model to predict the performance and wake structure of the turbine based on DVM-UBC. To validate this method, we conducted a series of towing tank tests. DVM-UBC is then validated with several kinematic and dynamic results. When we compared the results obtained with DVM-UBC with our towing tank test results, published results, and the results obtained with other numerical methods, we achieved good agreements. Our comparisons also suggested that DVM-UBC can predict the performance of a turbine 50% more accurately than the traditional discrete-vortex method (traditional DVM) with comparable computational effort and will produce results comparable to the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equation with much less computational effort. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4000499] C1 [Li, Ye; Calisal, Sander M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Mech Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd,MS 3811, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ye.li@nrel.gov RI Batten, William/D-2390-2010 FU UBC; National Science and Engineering Research Council; Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers; IEEE; ASME; ISOPE FX The authors would like to thank the following agencies for providing fellowships to Ye Li to conduct this research: UBC, National Science and Engineering Research Council, Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, IEEE, ASME, and ISOPE. The authors would also like to thank Western Economic Diversification and Blue Energy Canada for supporting the experimental test. We would also like to thank Voytek Klaptocz and G. Bill Rawlings for their efforts in designing the prototype and managing the UBC towing tank test as well as the fruitful discussion on the experimental test, and thank Thomas Chabut, Cameron Fraser, John Axerio, Florent Cultot, and Pierre Leplatois for their considerable contributions to the towing tank test. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0892-7219 J9 J OFFSHORE MECH ARCT JI J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2010 VL 132 IS 3 AR 031102 DI 10.1115/1.4000499 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 646FF UT WOS:000281522200002 ER PT J AU Godwal, BK Speziale, S Clark, SM Yan, J Jeanloz, R AF Godwal, B. K. Speziale, S. Clark, S. M. Yan, J. Jeanloz, R. TI High pressure equation of state studies using methanol-ethanol-water and argon as pressure media SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions CY MAR 28-APR 02, 2009 CL Miami, FL SP Florida Int Univ, Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit, High Pressure Sci Soc Amer DE Alloy; High pressure; X-ray diffraction; Equation of state; Electronic structure ID ELECTRONIC TOPOLOGICAL TRANSITIONS; ANOMALIES; PHASE; METAL; ZN; CD; CALIBRATION; GOLD; ZINC; C/A AB We have measured the equation of state of the intermetallic compound Auln(2) up to 20 GPa and Cd0.8Hg0.2 up to 50 GPa using methanol-ethanol-water solution or argon as pressure media. In the experiments performed with argon as pressure medium, we minimized non-hydrostatic conditions by thermally annealing the sample. We present data revealing compressibility anomalies in Auln(2) at 2.7 GPa and in Cd0.8Hg0.2 near 8, 18 and 34 GPa with methanol-ethanol-water and argon. At pressures above 5 GPa the P-V data for Auln(2) and Cd0.8Hg0.2 from experiments preformed with argon as a pressure medium start deviating from those using methanol-ethanol-water, and the equation of state based on experiments in argon is stiffer compared with that in methanol-ethanol-water. This behavior is consistent with the relative merits of the two pressure transmitting media as documented in the literature. We also provide a brief summary of the results of electronic structure calculations that associate these anomalies with electronic topological transitions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Godwal, B. K.; Clark, S. M.; Jeanloz, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Speziale, S.; Yan, J.] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Div 4 1, D-24473 Potsdam, Germany. [Clark, S. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jeanloz, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Godwal, BK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM godwal@berkeley.edu RI Clark, Simon/B-2041-2013 OI Clark, Simon/0000-0002-7488-3438 NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 EI 1879-2553 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD AUG PY 2010 VL 71 IS 8 SI SI BP 1059 EP 1064 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2010.03.006 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 639LT UT WOS:000280977000007 ER PT J AU Liermann, HP Jain, A Singh, AK Saxena, SK AF Liermann, Hanns-Peter Jain, Anjana Singh, Anil K. Saxena, Surendra K. TI Compression of silver in a diamond anvil cell: Pressure dependences of strength and grain size from X-ray diffraction data SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions CY MAR 28-APR 02, 2009 CL Miami, FL SP Florida Int Univ, Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit, High Pressure Sci Soc Amer DE High pressure; X-ray diffraction ID NANOCRYSTALLINE NICKEL; NONHYDROSTATIC COMPRESSION; LATTICE STRAINS; YIELD STRENGTH; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; TEMPERATURE; STRESS; DEFORMATION; POWDER; IRON AB Two silver samples, coarse grained (c-Ag, grain size 300 +/- 30 nm) and nanocrystalline (n-Ag, grain size 55 +/- 6 nm), are compressed in a diamond anvil cell in separate experiments. The pressure is increased in steps of similar to 3 GPa and the diffraction pattern recorded at each pressure. The grain size and compressive strength are determined from the analysis of the diffraction line-widths. The grain size of c-Ag decreases rapidly from 300 +/- 30 nm at ambient pressure to 40 +/- 8 nm at 15 GPa, and then gradually to 20 +/- 3 nm at 40 GPa. After pressure release to ambient condition, the grain size is 25 +/- 4 nm. The strength at ambient pressure is 0.18 +/- 0.05 GPa and increases to 1.0 +/- 0.3 GPa at 40 GPa. The grain size of n-Ag decreases from 55 +/- 6 nm at ambient pressure to 17 +/- 4 nm at 15 GPa and to 14 +/- 3 nm at 55 GPa. After release of pressure to ambient condition, the grain size is 50 +/- 7 nm. The strength increases from 0.51 +/- 0.07 GPa at ambient pressure to 3.5 +/- 0.4 GPa at 55 GPa. The strength is found to vary as the inverse of the square-root of the grain size. The results of the present measurements agree well with the grain-size dependence of strength derived from the hardness versus grain size data at ambient pressure available in the literature. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jain, Anjana; Singh, Anil K.] Natl Aerosp Labs, Div Mat Sci, Bangalore 560017, Karnataka, India. [Liermann, Hanns-Peter] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Saxena, Surendra K.] Florida Int Univ, Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit CeSMEC, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Singh, AK (reprint author), Natl Aerosp Labs, Div Mat Sci, Bangalore 560017, Karnataka, India. EM aksingh@nal.res.in NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD AUG PY 2010 VL 71 IS 8 SI SI BP 1088 EP 1093 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2010.03.012 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 639LT UT WOS:000280977000013 ER PT J AU Logvenov, G Gozar, A Butko, VY Bollinger, AT Bozovic, N Radovic, Z Bozovic, I AF Logvenov, G. Gozar, A. Butko, V. Y. Bollinger, A. T. Bozovic, N. Radovic, Z. Bozovic, I. TI Comprehensive study of high-T-c interface superconductivity SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions CY MAR 28-APR 02, 2009 CL Miami, FL SP Florida Int Univ, Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit, High Pressure Sci Soc Amer DE Oxides; Thin films; Epitaxial growth; Superconductivity; Crystal structure ID THIN-FILMS; TEMPERATURE; LA2CUO4; OXIDES AB Using ALL-MBE technique, we have synthesized different heterostructures consisting of an insulator La2CuO4 (I) and a metal La1.56Sr0.44CuO4 (M) layer neither of which is superconducting by itself. The M-I bilayers were superconducting with a critical temperature T-c approximate to 30-36 K. This highly robust phenomenon is confined within 1-2 nm from the interface and is primarily caused by the redistribution of doped holes across the interface. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of the interface superconductivity by a range of experimental techniques including transport measurements of superconducting properties. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Logvenov, G.; Gozar, A.; Bollinger, A. T.; Bozovic, I.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Butko, V. Y.] AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Bozovic, N.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Math, San Jose, CA USA. [Radovic, Z.] Univ Belgrade, Dept Phys, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. RP Bozovic, I (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM bozovic@bnl.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD AUG PY 2010 VL 71 IS 8 SI SI BP 1098 EP 1104 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2010.03.014 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 639LT UT WOS:000280977000015 ER PT J AU Ronnebro, E AF Ronnebro, Ewa TI High-pressure techniques for discovering and re-hydrogenation of metal hydride materials SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions CY MAR 28-APR 02, 2009 CL Miami, FL SP Florida Int Univ, Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit, High Pressure Sci Soc Amer ID MULTI-ANVIL CELL; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; SYNCHROTRON DIFFRACTION; CALCIUM BOROHYDRIDE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; MAGNESIUM; STORAGE; PHASE; SYSTEM; COMPLEX AB This overview will highlight features of the main classes of hydrogen storage materials based on their crystal structures. High-pressure techniques have proven to be a useful approach to rapidly discover light-weight, high-capacity hydrogen storage materials in the solid state. Focus will be on three different materials systems; magnesium-based transition metal hydrides, alanates and borohydrides, their crystal structures and properties, prepared by high-pressure sintering, high-energy ball milling or in a cubic anvil. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ronnebro, Ewa] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ronnebro, E (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ewa.ronnebro@pnl.gov NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD AUG PY 2010 VL 71 IS 8 SI SI BP 1154 EP 1158 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2010.03.025 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 639LT UT WOS:000280977000026 ER PT J AU Veprek, S Prilliman, SG Clark, SM AF Veprek, Stan Prilliman, Stephen G. Clark, Simon M. TI Elastic moduli of nc-TiN/a-Si3N4 nanocomposites: Compressible, yet superhard SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions CY MAR 28-APR 02, 2009 CL Miami, FL SP Florida Int Univ, Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit, High Pressure Sci Soc Amer DE Nanostructures; X-ray Diffraction; Microstructure ID HARDNESS ENHANCEMENT; RHENIUM DIBORIDE; COATINGS; PRESSURE; DEPOSITION; SEARCH; SOLIDS; ORIGIN; OSMIUM; OXYGEN AB Earlier measurements of elastic moduli of nc-TiN/a-Si3N4 nanocomposites of different composition and hardness by means of vibrating reed and surface Brillouing scattering, that yield Young's and shear modulus, as well as the Poisson's ratio, have been confirmed by high-pressure X-ray diffraction measurements, that yield bulk modulus. It is found that elastic moduli of all measured samples are essentially the same within relatively small error of measurements, and only slightly lower than that of pure TiN. The nanocomposites are superhard thanks to their unique nanostructure with strengthened SiNx interface. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Clark, Simon M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Veprek, Stan] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Chem, D-85747 Garching, Germany. [Prilliman, Stephen G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Clark, Simon M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Prilliman, Stephen G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Clark, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM smclark@lbl.gov RI Veprek, Stan/C-1248-2008; Clark, Simon/B-2041-2013; OI Veprek, Stan/0000-0002-6016-3093; Clark, Simon/0000-0002-7488-3438; Prilliman, Stephen/0000-0002-9699-3638 NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD AUG PY 2010 VL 71 IS 8 SI SI BP 1175 EP 1178 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2010.03.029 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 639LT UT WOS:000280977000030 ER PT J AU Yan, JY Knight, J Kunz, M Raju, SV Chen, B Gleason, AE Godwal, BK Geballe, Z Jeanloz, R Clark, SM AF Yan, Jinyuan Knight, Jason Kunz, Martin Raju, Selva Vennila Chen, Bin Gleason, Arianna E. Godwal, Budhiram K. Geballe, Zack Jeanloz, Raymond Clark, Simon M. TI The resistive-heating characterization of laser heating system and LaB6 characterization of X-ray diffraction of beamline 12.2.2 at advanced light source SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Study of Matter at Extreme Conditions CY MAR 28-APR 02, 2009 CL Miami, FL SP Florida Int Univ, Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit, High Pressure Sci Soc Amer ID DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; HIGH-PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE AB X-ray diffraction from LaB6 standards document a precision of 478 ppm in lattice-parameter determinations for beamline 12.2.2 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Advanced Light Source, a facility for characterizing materials at high pressures and temperatures using laser- and resistance-heated diamond cells. Melting of Ni, Mo, Pt and W, resistively heated at 1 atm pressure in Ar, provides a validation of the beamline spectroradiometric system that is used to determine sample temperatures. The known melting temperatures, which range from 1665 to 3860 K for these metals, are all reproduced to within +/-80 K. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yan, Jinyuan; Knight, Jason; Kunz, Martin; Raju, Selva Vennila; Chen, Bin; Clark, Simon M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yan, Jinyuan; Raju, Selva Vennila; Chen, Bin; Gleason, Arianna E.; Godwal, Budhiram K.; Geballe, Zack; Jeanloz, Raymond; Clark, Simon M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yan, JY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jyan@lbl.gov RI Kunz, Martin/K-4491-2012; Clark, Simon/B-2041-2013 OI Kunz, Martin/0000-0001-9769-9900; Clark, Simon/0000-0002-7488-3438 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD AUG PY 2010 VL 71 IS 8 SI SI BP 1179 EP 1182 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2010.03.030 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 639LT UT WOS:000280977000031 ER PT J AU Henzlova, D Botvina, AS Schmidt, KH Henzl, V Napolitani, P Ricciardi, MV AF Henzlova, D. Botvina, A. S. Schmidt, K-H Henzl, V. Napolitani, P. Ricciardi, M. V. TI Symmetry energy of fragments produced in multifragmentation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITION; STATISTICAL MULTIFRAGMENTATION; THERMAL MULTIFRAGMENTATION; NUCLEI; COLLISIONS; TEMPERATURE; MASS; SPECTATORS; PROTONS; ISOSPIN AB Isospin properties of fragments measured in multifragmentation of Xe-136 and Xe-124 projectiles in mid-peripheral collisions with a lead target at 1 A GeV were studied within the statistical approach describing the liquid-gas nuclear phase transition. By analyzing the isoscaling phenomenon and the mean N/Z ratio of the fragments with Z = 10-13 we have concluded that the symmetry energy of hot fragments produced in a multifragment environment at subnuclear densities at high temperatures decreases in comparison with cold nuclei. C1 [Henzlova, D.; Schmidt, K-H; Henzl, V.; Ricciardi, M. V.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Botvina, A. S.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. [Napolitani, P.] Univ Paris 11, IPN Orsay, CNRS IN2 P3, F-91406 Orsay, France. RP Henzlova, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Safeguards Sci & Technol Grp N1, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU GSI FX One of the authors (A S Botvina) thanks GSI for warm hospitality and support. We thank F Gulminelli, W Trautmann and M B Tsang for illuminating discussions. The experimental analysis in this work forms part of the PhD thesis of D Henzlova. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 37 IS 8 AR 085010 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/37/8/085010 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 623BS UT WOS:000279712600012 ER PT J AU Shao, M Yi, L Tang, ZB Chen, HF Li, C Xu, ZB AF Shao, Ming Yi, Li Tang, Zebo Chen, Hongfang Li, Cheng Xu, Zhangbu TI Examination of the species and beam energy dependence of particle spectra using Tsallis statistics SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTIONS; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; PB-PB COLLISIONS; J/PSI-PRODUCTION; D+AU COLLISIONS; FREEZE-OUT; NONEXTENSIVITY; COLLABORATION AB Tsallis statistics was used to investigate the non-Boltzmann distribution of particle spectra and their dependence on particle species and beam energy in the relativistic heavy-ion collisions at SPS and RHIC. Produced particles are assumed to acquire radial flow and be of non-extensive statistics at freeze-out. J/psi, and the particles containing strangeness were examined separately to study their radial flow and freeze-out. We found that the strange hadrons approach equilibrium quickly from peripheral to central A+A collisions and they tend to decouple earlier from the system than the light hadrons but with the same final radial flow. These results provide an alternative picture of freeze-outs: a thermalized system is produced at the partonic phase; the hadronic scattering at a later stage is not enough to maintain the system in equilibrium and does not increase the radial flow of the copiously produced light hadrons. The J/psi in Pb+Pb collisions at SPS is consistent with early decoupling and obtains little radial flow. The J/psi spectra at RHIC are also inconsistent with the bulk flow profile. C1 [Shao, Ming; Yi, Li; Tang, Zebo; Chen, Hongfang; Li, Cheng; Xu, Zhangbu] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Modern Phys, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Xu, Zhangbu] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shao, M (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Modern Phys, 96 Jinzhai Rd, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. EM zbtang@mail.ustc.edu.cn RI Tang, Zebo/A-9939-2014; OI Tang, Zebo/0000-0002-4247-0081; Yi, Li/0000-0002-7512-2657 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [10775131, 10805046, 10835005]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors thank Drs Lijuan Ruan, Paul Sorensen, Fuqiang Wang, Pengfei Zhuang, Huanzhong Huang, Gene van Buren, Bedanga Mohanty, Nu Xu, Jean Cleymans and Jun Takahashi for valuable discussions and Dr Enrico Scomparin for providing us with the NA60 J/psi data points. This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grants 10775131, 10805046 and 10835005. Zebo Tang is supported in part by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project. Zhangbu Xu is supported in part by the PECASE grant and by the grant DE-AC02-98CH10886 from the Offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science. NR 56 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 37 IS 8 AR 085104 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/37/8/085104 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 623BS UT WOS:000279712600018 ER PT J AU Tucker, MC AF Tucker, Michael C. TI Progress in metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells: A review SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Review DE SOFC; Metal-supported; Fuel cell materials ID DIFFUSION BARRIER LAYERS; GADOLINIA-DOPED CERIA; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SOFC; INTERCONNECT; ANODE; ELECTROLYTE; DEPOSITION; OXIDATION; SCALES AB Metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells provide significant advantages over conventional ceramic cells, including low materials cost, ruggedness, and tolerance to rapid thermal cycling and redox cycling. Various metal-supported cell designs have been developed, utilizing a range of electrolyte, electrode, and support materials prepared by various fabrication and deposition techniques. This paper reviews the current state of metal-supported cell technology and suggests opportunities for further development. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tucker, MC (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 62-203, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mctucker@lbl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The author thanks Grace Lau, Tal Sholklapper, Steve Visco, and Lutgard DeJonghe for helpful discussion. Special thanks go to Craig Jacobson for providing training and sharing his deep insight during my years as a newcomer to this field. NR 75 TC 167 Z9 171 U1 19 U2 173 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 195 IS 15 BP 4570 EP 4582 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.02.035 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 598FN UT WOS:000277820500003 ER PT J AU Shao, YY Zhang, S Wang, CM Nie, ZM Liu, J Wang, Y Lin, YH AF Shao, Yuyan Zhang, Sheng Wang, Chongmin Nie, Zimin Liu, Jun Wang, Yong Lin, Yuehe TI Highly durable graphene nanoplatelets supported Pt nanocatalysts for oxygen reduction SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Graphene nanoplatelets; Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell; Oxygen reduction; Durability; Carbon nanotubes ID PEM FUEL-CELL; CARBON NANOTUBES; FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE; PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES; METHANOL OXIDATION; MESOPOROUS CARBON; CATALYST SUPPORT; GRAPHITE; DURABILITY; ELECTROCATALYSTS AB We report graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), which exhibit the advantages of both single-layer graphene and highly graphitic carbon, as a durable alternative support material for Pt nanoparticles for oxygen reduction in fuel cells. Pt nanoparticles are deposited on poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA)-coated GNP, and characterized with transmission electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, and electrochemical tests. Pt/GNP exhibits greatly enhanced electrochemical durability (2-3 times that of Pt/CNT and commercial Etek Pt/C). These are attributed to the intrinsic high graphitization degree of GNP and the enhanced Pt-carbon interaction in Pt/GNP. If considering that GNP can be easily mass produced from graphite. GNP is a promising, low-cost, and durable electrocatalyst support for oxygen reduction in fuel cells. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shao, Yuyan; Zhang, Sheng; Wang, Chongmin; Nie, Zimin; Liu, Jun; Wang, Yong; Lin, Yuehe] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Wang, Yong] Washington State Univ, Gene & Linda Voiland Sch Engn & Bioengn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yongwang@pnl.gov; yuehe.lin@pnl.gov RI Zhang, Sheng/H-2452-2011; Shao, Yuyan/A-9911-2008; Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0001-7532-1923; Shao, Yuyan/0000-0001-5735-2670; Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-76L01830]; DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX This work is partially supported by the U.S. DOE-EERE HFCIT Program. The characterization was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by Battelle for DOE under Contract DE-AC05-76L01830. S. Zhang acknowledges a fellowship from China Scholarship Council and PNNL. NR 58 TC 225 Z9 230 U1 34 U2 250 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 195 IS 15 BP 4600 EP 4605 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.02.044 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 598FN UT WOS:000277820500006 ER PT J AU Walz, KA Johnson, CS Genthe, J Stoiber, LC Zeltner, WA Anderson, MA Thackeray, MM AF Walz, Kenneth A. Johnson, Christopher S. Genthe, Jamie Stoiber, Lucas C. Zeltner, Walter A. Anderson, Marc A. Thackeray, Michael M. TI Elevated temperature cycling stability and electrochemical impedance of LiMn2O4 cathodes with nanoporous ZrO2 and TiO2 coatings SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Battery; Lithium-ion; Spinel; Coating; TiO2; ZrO2 ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; MANGANESE OXIDE SPINEL; CAPACITY FADE; CO ELECTRODES; PERFORMANCE; CELLS; MN; 55-DEGREES-C; DISSOLUTION; CARBONATE AB In this study, nanoporous zirconia (ZrO2) and Mania (TiO2) coatings are shown to stabilize the cycling performance of lithium-ion batteries with Li Mn2O4 spinel cathodes. The effect of firing temperature on the coating pore size is discussed and the resulting performance of the coated cathodes is evaluated. Stabilization mechanisms, such as neutralization of acidic electrolytes by ZrO2 and TiO2 coatings, are examined. It is proposed that the establishment of a complex nanoporous network for lithium-ion transport results in a more uniform current distribution at the particle surface, thereby suppressing capacity fade that may be associated with surface instabilities of the spinel electrode. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Walz, Kenneth A.; Genthe, Jamie; Stoiber, Lucas C.; Zeltner, Walter A.; Anderson, Marc A.] Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Johnson, Christopher S.; Thackeray, Michael M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Walz, KA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, 660 N Pk St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kawalz@wisc.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Jennifer Jackowski assisted in the preparation of this manuscript. Isabel Tejedor, Louise Tortorelli, Amy Suyama and Wendy Suyama were instrumental in the development and preparation of ZrO2 and TiO2 coating materials. Kevin Lauzze and Jeom-Soo Kim provided assistance in the preparation of cathode laminates and lithium battery assembly. Financial support for MMT and CSJ from the Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 is gratefully acknowledged. NR 73 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 82 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 195 IS 15 BP 4943 EP 4951 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.03.007 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 598FN UT WOS:000277820500052 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZC Zhang, L Schlueter, JA Redfern, PC Curtiss, L Amine, K AF Zhang, Zhengcheng Zhang, Lu Schlueter, John A. Redfern, Paul C. Curtiss, Larry Amine, Khalil TI Understanding the redox shuttle stability of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-dimethoxybenzene for overcharge protection of lithium-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-1,2-dimethoxybezene; Redox shuttle; Overcharge protection; Lithium-ion batteries ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORIES; TETRAHYDROFURAN SOLUTIONS; ADDITIVES; CELLS; COMPUTATION; GAUSSIAN-2; POTENTIALS AB 3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-dimethoxybenzene (DBDB) has been synthesized as a new redox shuttle additive for overcharge protection of lithium-ion batteries. DBDB can easily dissolve in carbonate-based electrolytes, which facilitates its practical use in lithium-ion batteries: however, it has poor electrochemical stability compared to 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-dimethoxybenzene (DDB). The structures of DBDB and DDB were investigated using X-ray crystallography and density functional calculations. The structures differ in the conformations of the alkoxy bonds probably due to the formation of an intramolecular hydrogen bond in the case of DBDB. We investigated reaction energies for decomposition pathways of neutral DBDB and DDB and their radical cations and found little difference in the reaction energies, although it is clear that kinetically, decomposition of DBDB is more favorable. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Zhengcheng; Zhang, Lu; Redfern, Paul C.; Curtiss, Larry; Amine, Khalil] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Schlueter, John A.; Curtiss, Larry] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Curtiss, Larry] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhang, ZC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 205, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zzhang@anl.gov; amine@anl.gov RI Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0Z-06CH11357]; FreedomCAR; Vehicle Technologies Office FX This research is supported by U.S. Department of Energy, FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Office. Argonne National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract DE-AC0Z-06CH11357. The authors thank Dr. Zonghai Chen for the helpful discussions. NR 28 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 195 IS 15 BP 4957 EP 4962 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.02.075 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 598FN UT WOS:000277820500054 ER PT J AU Pol, VG Kang, SH Calderon-Moreno, JM Johnson, CS Thackeray, MM AF Pol, Vilas G. Kang, Sun-Ho Calderon-Moreno, Jose M. Johnson, Christopher S. Thackeray, Michael M. TI Autogenic reactions for preparing carbon-encapsulated, nanoparticulate TiO2 electrodes for lithium-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Anatase; Titania; Core shell nanostructures; Carbon; Anode; Lithium-ion batteries ID ANATASE-TYPE TIO2; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; HIGH-CAPACITY; HIGH-POWER; PERFORMANCE; LI; INTERCALATION; PRESSURE; CATHODES; RUTILE AB We report an anhydrous, autogenic technique for synthesizing electronically interconnected, carbon-encapsulated, nanoparticulate anatase anode materials (TiO2-C) for lithium-ion batteries. The TiO2-C nanoparticles provide a reversible capacity of similar to 200 mAh g(-1), which exceeds the theoretical capacity of the commercially attractive spine! anode, Li4Ti5O12 (175 mAh g(-1)) and is competitive with the capacity reported for other TiO2 products. The processing method is extremely versatile and has implications for preparing, in a single step, a wide variety of electrochemically active compounds that are coated, in situ, with carbon. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pol, Vilas G.; Kang, Sun-Ho; Johnson, Christopher S.; Thackeray, Michael M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Electrochem Energy Storage Dept, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Calderon-Moreno, Jose M.] Acad Romana, Inst Phys Chem Ilie Murgulescu, Bucharest 060021, Romania. RP Pol, VG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Electrochem Energy Storage Dept, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM pol@anl.gov RI Kang, Sun-Ho/E-7570-2010; Calderon Moreno, Jose/B-2867-2008 OI Calderon Moreno, Jose/0000-0001-8376-9082 NR 29 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 195 IS 15 BP 5039 EP 5043 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.02.072 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 598FN UT WOS:000277820500066 ER PT J AU Sethuraman, VA Chon, MJ Shimshak, M Srinivasan, V Guduru, PR AF Sethuraman, Vijay A. Chon, Michael J. Shimshak, Maxwell Srinivasan, Venkat Guduru, Pradeep R. TI In situ measurements of stress evolution in silicon thin films during electrochemical lithiation and delithiation SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Silicon anode; Lithium-ion battery; Multi-beam optical sensor (MOS); Mechanical dissipation; In situ stress measurement; Open-circuit relaxation ID SOLID-STATE AMORPHIZATION; SURFACE STRESS; ION BATTERIES; ELECTRODES; ANODES; OXIDATION; SYSTEM; CELLS; LI AB We report in situ measurements of stress evolution in a silicon thin-film electrode during electrochemical lithiation and delithiation by using the multi-beam optical sensor (MOS) technique. Upon lithiation, due to substrate constraint, the silicon electrode initially undergoes elastic deformation, resulting in rapid rise of compressive stress. The electrode begins to deform plastically at a compressive stress of ca. -1.75 GPa; subsequent lithiation results in continued plastic strain, dissipating mechanical energy. Upon delithiation, the electrode first undergoes elastic straining in the opposite direction, leading to a tensile stress of ca. 1 GPa; subsequently, it deforms plastically during the rest of delithiation. The plastic flow stress evolves continuously with lithium concentration. Thus, mechanical energy is dissipated in plastic deformation during both lithiation and delithiation, and it can be calculated from the stress measurements: we show that it is comparable to the polarization loss. Upon current interruption, both the film stress and the electrode potential relax with similar time constants, suggesting that stress contributes significantly to the chemical potential of lithiated silicon. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sethuraman, Vijay A.; Chon, Michael J.; Shimshak, Maxwell; Guduru, Pradeep R.] Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Sethuraman, Vijay A.; Srinivasan, Venkat] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sethuraman, VA (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Engn, 182 Hope St, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM vj@cal.berkeley.edu; Pradeep_Guduru@Brown.edu RI Sethuraman, Vijay/E-5702-2010 OI Sethuraman, Vijay/0000-0003-4624-1355 FU Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Materials Research, Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC); United States National Science Foundation [DMR0520651] FX Authors at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory gratefully acknowledge the support by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies, the United States Department of Energy, under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Authors at Brown University gratefully acknowledge the support by the Materials Research, Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) sponsored by the United States National Science Foundation, under contract no. DMR0520651. Helpful discussions with Professor Allan Bower (Brown University) are gratefully acknowledged. NR 29 TC 224 Z9 233 U1 15 U2 175 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 195 IS 15 BP 5062 EP 5066 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.02.013 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 598FN UT WOS:000277820500071 ER PT J AU Shen, YF Tolic, N Purvine, SO Smith, RD AF Shen, Yufeng Tolic, Nikola Purvine, Samuel O. Smith, Richard D. TI Identification of Disulfide Bonds in Protein Proteolytic Degradation Products Using de novo-Protein Unique Sequence Tags Approach SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Peptidome; disulfide bonds; peptides; de-novo sequencing; unique sequence tags; tandem mass spectrometry; plasma ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COMPLEMENT; COMPONENTS; ACTIVATION; LINKAGES; MS AB Disulfide bonds are a form of post-translational modification that often determines protein structure(s) and function(s). In this work, we report a mass spectrometry method for identification of disulfides in degradation products of proteins, specifically endogenous peptides in the human blood plasma peptidome. LC-Fourier transform tandem mass spectrometry (FT MS/MS) was used for acquiring mass spectra that were de novo sequenced and then searched against the IPI human protein database. Through the use of unique sequence tags (UStags), we unambiguously correlated the spectra to specific database proteins. Examination of the UStags' prefix and/or suffix sequences that contain cysteine(s) in conjunction with sequences of the UStags-specified database proteins is shown to enable the unambigious determination of disulfide bonds. Using this method, we identified the intermolecular and intramolecular disulfides in human blood plasma peptidome peptides that have molecular weights of up to similar to 10 kDa. C1 [Shen, Yufeng; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Tolic, Nikola; Purvine, Samuel O.; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Shen, YF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Yufeng.shen@pnl.gov; rds@pnl.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research (DOE/BEE); NIH National Center for Research Resources [ER 18522]; DOE [DE-AC05-76RLO-1830] FX Portions of this research were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research (DOE/BEE) and the NIH National Center for Research Resources (ER 18522). Work was performed in the Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, a DOE/BEE national scientific user facility located on the campus of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in Richland, Washington. PNNI., is a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the DOE under contract DE-AC05-76RLO-1830. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 9 IS 8 BP 4053 EP 4060 DI 10.1021/pr1002559 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 634LT UT WOS:000280583700027 PM 20590115 ER PT J AU Angeles, ME Gonzalez, JE Erickson, DJ Hernandez, JL AF Angeles, M. E. Gonzalez, J. E. Erickson, D. J., III Hernandez, J. L. TI The Impacts of Climate Changes on the Renewable Energy Resources in the Caribbean Region SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE IPCC; PCM; RAMS; climate change; future Caribbean insolation; future Caribbean wind speed ID TROPICAL ATLANTIC; SOLAR-RADIATION; SIMULATIONS; RAINFALL; AMERICA; MODEL AB Assessment of renewable energy resources such as surface solar radiation and wind current has great relevance in the development of local and regional energy policies. This paper examines the variability and availability of these resources as a function of possible climate changes for the Caribbean region. Global climate changes have been reported in the last decades, causing changes in the atmospheric dynamics, which affects the net solar radiation balance at the surface and the wind strength and direction. For this investigation, the future climate changes for the Caribbean are predicted using the parallel climate model (PCM) and it is coupled with the numerical model regional atmospheric modeling system (RAMS) to simulate the solar and wind energy spatial patterns changes for the specific case of the island of Puerto Rico. Numerical results from PCM indicate that the Caribbean basin from 2041 to 2055 will experience a slight decrease in the net surface solar radiation (with respect to the years 1996-2010), which is more pronounced in the western Caribbean sea. Results also indicate that the easterly winds have a tendency to increase in its magnitude, especially from the years 2070 to 2098. The regional model showed that important areas to collect solar energy are located in the eastern side of Puerto Rico, while the more intense wind speed is placed around the coast. A future climate change is expected in the Caribbean that will result in higher energy demands, but both renewable energy sources will have enough intensity to be used in the future as alternative energy resources to mitigate future climate changes. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4001475] C1 [Angeles, M. E.] Univ Puerto Rico Mayaguez, Dept Mech Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Gonzalez, J. E.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Erickson, D. J., III] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hernandez, J. L.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Angeles, ME (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico Mayaguez, Dept Mech Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. EM moises@me.uprm.edu RI Rinaldi2, Carlos/D-4479-2011 FU NASA-EPSCOR [NCC5-595]; NOAA-CREST [NA06OAR4810162] FX This work was sponsored by the NASA-EPSCOR under Grant No. NCC5-595 and the NOAA-CREST under Grant No. NA06OAR4810162. The simulations were conducted at the High Performance Computing Facilities at UPR Rio Piedras. The authors acknowledge Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Computer Science and Mathematics Division for the assistance and invaluable support in providing the appropriate PCM outputs. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD AUG PY 2010 VL 132 IS 3 AR 031009 DI 10.1115/1.4001475 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 633HC UT WOS:000280491400009 ER PT J AU Ho, CK Kolb, GJ AF Ho, Clifford K. Kolb, Gregory J. TI Incorporating Uncertainty into Probabilistic Performance Models of Concentrating Solar Power Plants SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB A method for applying probabilistic models to concentrating solar-thermal power plants is described in this paper. The benefits of using probabilistic models include quantification of uncertainties inherent in the system and characterization of their impact on system performance and economics. Sensitivity studies using stepwise regression analysis can identify and rank the most important parameters and processes as a means to prioritize future research and activities. The probabilistic method begins with the identification of uncertain variables and the assignment of appropriate distributions for those variables. Those parameters are then sampled using a stratified method (Latin hypercube sampling) to ensure complete and representative sampling from each distribution. Models of performance, reliability, and cost are then simulated multiple times using the sampled set of parameters. The results yield a cumulative distribution function that can be used to quantify the probability of exceeding (or being less than) a particular value. Two examples, a simple cost model and a more detailed performance model of a hypothetical 100-MW(e) power tower, are provided to illustrate the methods. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4001468] C1 [Ho, Clifford K.; Kolb, Gregory J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Solar Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ho, CK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Solar Technol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ckho@sandia.gov RI Barley, Kamal/F-9579-2011 OI Barley, Kamal/0000-0003-1874-9813 FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Co. for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD AUG PY 2010 VL 132 IS 3 AR 031012 DI 10.1115/1.4001468 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 633HC UT WOS:000280491400012 ER PT J AU Martinek, J Channel, M Lewandowski, A Weimer, AW AF Martinek, Janna Channel, Melinda Lewandowski, Allan Weimer, Alan W. TI Considerations for the Design of Solar-Thermal Chemical Processes SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; THERMOCHEMICAL CYCLE; THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS; WATER; TEMPERATURE; HEAT; ENERGY AB A methodology is presented for the design of solar thermal chemical processes. The solar receiver efficiency for the high temperature step, defined herein as the ratio of the enthalpy change resulting from the process occurring in the receiver to the solar energy input, is limited by the solar energy absorption efficiency. When using this definition of receiver efficiency, both the optimal reactor temperature for a given solar concentration ratio and the solar concentration required to achieve a given temperature and efficiency shift to lower values than those dictated by the Carnot limitation on the system efficiency for the conversion of heat to work. Process and solar field design considerations were investigated for ZnO and NiFe(2)O(4) "ferrite" spinel water splitting cycles with concentration ratios of roughly 2000, 4000, and 8000 suns to assess the implications of using reduced solar concentration. Solar field design and determination of field efficiency were accomplished using ray trace modeling of the optical components. Annual solar efficiency increased while heliostat area decreased with increasing concentration due to shading and blocking effects. The heliostat fields designed using system efficiency for the conversion of heat to work were found to be overdesigned by up to 21% compared with those designed using the receiver efficiency alone. Overall efficiencies of 13-20% were determined for a "ferrite" based water splitting process with thermal reduction conversions in the range of 35-100%. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4001474] C1 [Martinek, Janna; Channel, Melinda; Weimer, Alan W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lewandowski, Allan] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Weimer, AW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM alan.weimer@colorado.edu RI Dom, Rekha/B-7113-2012 FU Department of Education Graduate Assistanceships in Areas of National Need (GAANN); U.S. Department of Energy; Department of Agriculture [DE-FG06-05GO15044, DE-PS36-03GO93007]; CSREES [68-3A75-7-605] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Department of Education Graduate Assistanceships in Areas of National Need (GAANN) program for financial support and the U.S. Department of Energy and the Department of Agriculture for support under Grant Nos. DE-FG06-05GO15044 and DE-PS36-03GO93007 as well as CSREES 68-3A75-7-605. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 17 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD AUG PY 2010 VL 132 IS 3 AR 031013 DI 10.1115/1.4001474 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 633HC UT WOS:000280491400013 ER PT J AU Moens, L Blake, DM AF Moens, Luc Blake, Daniel M. TI Mechanism of Hydrogen Formation in Solar Parabolic Trough Receivers SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE parabolic trough receivers; hydrogen; heat transfer fluid; diphenyl oxide; biphenyl ID POLYPHENYL ETHERS; ORGANIC COOLANTS; DIPHENYL AB Solar parabolic trough systems for electricity production are receiving renewed attention, and new solar plants are under construction to help meet the growing demands of the power market in the Western United States. The growing solar trough industry will rely on operating experience it has gained over the last two decades. Recently, researchers found that trough plants that use organic heat transfer fluids (HTFs) such as Therminol VP-1 are experiencing significant heat losses in the receiver tubes. The cause has been traced back to the accumulation of excess hydrogen gas in the vacuum annulus that surrounds the steel receiver tube, thus compromising the thermal insulation of the receiver. The hydrogen gas is formed during the thermal decomposition of the organic HTF that circulates inside the receiver loop, and the installation of hydrogen getters inside the annulus has proven to be insufficient for controlling the hydrogen buildup over the lifetime of the receivers. This paper will provide an overview of the chemical literature dealing with the thermal decomposition of diphenyl oxide and biphenyl, which are the two constituents of Therminol VP-1. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4001402] C1 [Moens, Luc; Blake, Daniel M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Moens, L (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM luc_moens@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX The authors wish to thank the U.S. Department of Energy for the continued support of the Concentrating Solar Power Program. This work has been authored by an employee of the Midwest Research Institute under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 EI 1528-8986 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD AUG PY 2010 VL 132 IS 3 AR 031006 DI 10.1115/1.4001402 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 633HC UT WOS:000280491400006 ER PT J AU Bouchet, F Corvellec, M AF Bouchet, Freddy Corvellec, Marianne TI Invariant measures of the 2D Euler and Vlasov equations SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT LA English DT Article DE rigorous results in statistical mechanics; turbulence ID LONG-RANGE INTERACTIONS; NONLINEAR SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; NEGATIVE-TEMPERATURE STATES; PERFECT FLUID-DYNAMICS; GUIDING-CENTER PLASMA; GREAT RED SPOT; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; STELLAR-SYSTEMS; 2-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; HAMILTONIAN DESCRIPTION AB We discuss invariant measures of partial differential equations such as the 2D Euler or Vlasov equations. For the 2D Euler equations, starting from the Liouville theorem, valid for N-dimensional approximations of the dynamics, we define the microcanonical measure as a limit measure where N goes to infinity. When only the energy and enstrophy invariants are taken into account, we give an explicit computation to prove the following result: the microcanonical measure is actually a Young measure corresponding to the maximization of a mean-field entropy. We explain why this result remains true for more general microcanonical measures, when all the dynamical invariants are taken into account. We give an explicit proof that these microcanonical measures are invariant measures for the dynamics of the 2D Euler equations. We describe a more general set of invariant measures and discuss briefly their stability and their consequence for the ergodicity of the 2D Euler equations. The extension of these results to the Vlasov equations is also discussed, together with a proof of the uniqueness of statistical equilibria, for Vlasov equations with repulsive convex potentials. Even if we consider, in this paper, invariant measures only for Hamiltonian equations, with no fluxes of conserved quantities, we think this work is an important step towards the description of non-equilibrium invariant measures with fluxes. C1 [Bouchet, Freddy; Corvellec, Marianne] UNS, CNRS, INLN, F-06560 Valbonne, France. [Bouchet, Freddy] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, LANL, MS B258, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Corvellec, Marianne] Univ Lyon, Phys Lab, CNRS, ENS Lyon, F-69364 Lyon 07, France. RP Bouchet, F (reprint author), UNS, CNRS, INLN, 1361 Route Lucioles, F-06560 Valbonne, France. EM Freddy.Bouchet@ens-lyon.fr; Marianne.Corvellec@ens-lyon.fr NR 72 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-5468 J9 J STAT MECH-THEORY E JI J. Stat. Mech.-Theory Exp. PD AUG PY 2010 AR P08021 DI 10.1088/1742-5468/2010/08/P08021 PG 45 WC Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mechanics; Physics GA 649CM UT WOS:000281744800010 ER PT J AU Barone, TL Storey, JME Domingo, N AF Barone, Teresa L. Storey, John M. E. Domingo, Norberto TI An Analysis of Field-Aged Diesel Particulate Filter Performance: Particle Emissions before, during, and after Regeneration SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; TRAP REGENERATION AB A field-aged, passive diesel particulate filter (DPF) used in a school bus retrofit program was evaluated for emissions of particle mass and number concentration before, during, and after regeneration. For the particle mass measurements, filter samples were collected for gravimetric analysis with a partial flow sampling system, which sampled proportionally to the exhaust flow. A condensation particle counter and scanning mobility particle sizer measured total number concentration and number-size distributions, respectively. The results of the evaluation show that the number concentration emissions decreased as the DPF became loaded with soot. However, after soot removal by regeneration, the number concentration emissions were approximately 20 times greater, which suggests the importance of the soot layer in helping to trap particles. Contrary to the number concentration results, particle mass emissions decreased from 6 +/- 1 mg/hp-hr before regeneration to 3 +/- 2 mg/hp-hr after regeneration. This indicates that nanoparticles with diameters less than 50 nm may have been emitted after regeneration because these particles contribute little to the total mass. Overall, average particle emission reductions of 95% by mass and 10,000-fold by number concentration after 4 yr of use provided evidence of the durability of a field-aged DPF. In contrast to previous reports for new DPFs in which elevated number concentrations occurred during the first 200 sec of a transient cycle, the number concentration emissions were elevated during the second half of the heavy-duty Federal Test Procedure (FTP) when high speed was sustained. This information is relevant for the analysis of mechanisms by which particles are emitted from field-aged DPFs. C1 [Barone, Teresa L.; Storey, John M. E.; Domingo, Norberto] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37934 USA. RP Barone, TL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, NTRC Bldg,2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37934 USA. EM baronetl@oml.gov FU EPA [DW-89-92253101-0] FX The authors thank Dennis Johnson and Jim Blubaugh of the EPA Office of Transportation and Air Quality for providing the impetus for the study. In addition, the authors appreciate Ron Graves, Director of the Fuels, Engines, and Emissions Research Center of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, for additional support of the engine research facilities. The project was supported by EPA interagency agreement DW-89-92253101-0. The research has not been subjected to the EPA peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 60 IS 8 BP 968 EP 976 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.60.8.968 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 635TG UT WOS:000280678700009 PM 20842937 ER PT J AU Chen, CF Doty, FP Houk, RJT Loutfy, RO Volz, HM Yang, P AF Chen, Ching-Fong Doty, F. P. Houk, Ronald J. T. Loutfy, Raouf O. Volz, Heather M. Yang, Pin TI Characterizations of a Hot-Pressed Polycrystalline Spinel:Ce Scintillator SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-RESOLUTION SCINTILLATOR; TRANSPARENT; LUMINESCENCE; FABRICATION AB Here, we report a new polycrystalline ceramic scintillator for possible use in gamma-ray detection and medical imaging applications. The goal was to develop a cerium-doped spinel (MgAl(2)O(4):Ce), which can be processed utilizing ceramic forming techniques. High-purity MgAl(2)O(4) powders were used as the starting materials. Lithium fluoride (LiF) was used as a sintering aid and CeO(2) powder was used as the dopant. The mixed and dried powders were hot pressed in a vacuum environment to achieve high-density MgAl(2)O(4):Ce. The hot-pressed sample shows a transparent polycrystalline appearance. In-line transmission was measured to determine the transparency of the structure. Microstructures were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Fluorescence absorption and emission peaks were also measured in addition to the decay time measurement. C1 [Chen, Ching-Fong; Volz, Heather M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Doty, F. P.; Houk, Ronald J. T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94511 USA. [Loutfy, Raouf O.] MER Corp, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. [Yang, Pin] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chen, CF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cchen@lanl.gov FU ADTR/RD office of the Los Alamos National Laboratory; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; DTRA [NA-22] FX This work was financially supported by the ADTR/RD office of the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under the contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.; F. P. Doty and R. J. T. Houk would like to acknowledge support from DTRA and NA-22. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 93 IS 8 BP 2399 EP 2402 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03721.x PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 639LW UT WOS:000280977300053 ER PT J AU Watts, J Hilmas, G Fahrenholtz, WG Brown, D Clausen, B AF Watts, Jeremy Hilmas, Greg Fahrenholtz, William G. Brown, Don Clausen, Bjorn TI Stress measurements in ZrB2-SiC composites using Raman spectroscopy and neutron diffraction SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Aerospace Materials for Extreme Environments CY AUG 03-05, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP USAF Off Sci Res DE Composites; Residual stress; Thermal expansion; Borides; SiC ID DIBORIDE-BASED CERAMICS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; RESIDUAL-STRESS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; ZIRCONIUM; SILICON; MICROSTRUCTURE; NANOCOMPOSITES AB Raman spectroscopy and neutron diffraction were used to study the stresses generated in zirconium diboride-silicon carbide (ZrB2-SiC) ceramics. Dense, hot pressed samples were prepared from ZrB2 containing 30 vol% alpha-SiC particles. Raman patterns were acquired from the dispersed SiC particulate phase within the composite and stress values were calculated to be 810 MPa. Neutron diffraction patterns were acquired for the ZrB2-SiC composite, as well as pure ZrB2 and SiC powders during cooling from similar to 1800 degrees C to room temperature A residual stress of 775 MPa was calculated as a function of temperature by comparing the lattice parameter values for ZrB2 and SiC within the composite to those of the individual powders The temperature at which stresses began to accumulate on cooling was found to be similar to 1400 degrees C based on observing the deviation in lattice parameters between pure powder samples and those of the composite. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved. C1 [Watts, Jeremy; Hilmas, Greg; Fahrenholtz, William G.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Brown, Don; Clausen, Bjorn] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Watts, J (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RI Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015; OI Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X; Fahrenholtz, William/0000-0002-8497-0092 NR 42 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 EI 1873-619X J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 30 IS 11 SI SI BP 2165 EP 2171 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2010.02.014 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 621IO UT WOS:000279569900004 ER PT J AU Jafer, R Volpe, L Batani, D Koenig, M Baton, S Brambrink, E Perez, F Dorchies, F Santos, JJ Fourment, C Hulin, S Nicolai, P Vauzour, B Lancaster, K Galimberti, M Heathcote, R Tolley, M Spindloe, C Koester, P Labate, L Gizzi, L Benedetti, C Sgattoni, A Richetta, M Pasley, J Beg, F Chawla, S Higginson, D MacKinnon, A McPhee, A Kwon, DH Rhee, Y AF Jafer, R. Volpe, L. Batani, D. Koenig, M. Baton, S. Brambrink, E. Perez, F. Dorchies, F. Santos, J. J. Fourment, C. Hulin, S. Nicolai, P. Vauzour, B. Lancaster, K. Galimberti, M. Heathcote, R. Tolley, M. Spindloe, Ch. Koester, P. Labate, L. Gizzi, L. Benedetti, C. Sgattoni, A. Richetta, M. Pasley, J. Beg, F. Chawla, S. Higginson, D. MacKinnon, A. McPhee, A. Kwon, Duck-Hee Rhee, Yongjoo TI Proton Radiography and Fast Electron Propogation Through Cyliderically Compressed Targets SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Electron transport; Proton radiography; X-ray radiography; ICF AB The paper describes the key points contained in the short term HiPER (High Power laser Energy Research) experimental road map, as well as the results of two phases of the experiment performed in "HiPER dedicated time slots. Experimental and theoretical results of relativistic electron transport in cylindrically compressed matter are presented. This experiment was achieved at the VULCAN laser facility (UK) by using four long pulse beams (similar to 4 x 50 J, 1 us, at 0.53 mu m) to compress a hollow plastic cylinder filled with plastic foam of three different densities (0.1, 0.3, and 1 g cm(-3)). In the first phase of the experiment, protons accelerated by a picosecond laser pulse were used to radiograph a cylinder filled with 0.1 g/cc foam. Point projection proton backlighting was used to measure the degree of compression as well as the stagnation time. Results were compared to those from hard X-ray radiography. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations of proton propagation in cold and compressed targets allowed a detailed, comparison with 2D numerical hydro simulations. 2D simulations predict a density of 2-5 g cm(-3) and a plasma temperature up to 100 eV at maximum compression. In the second phase of the experiment, a short pulse (10 ps, 160 J) beam generated fast electrons that propagated through the compressed matter by irradiating a nickel foil at an intensity of 5 x 10(18) Wcm(-2). X-ray spectrometer and imagers were implemented in order to estimate the compressed plasma conditions and to infer the hot electron characteristics. Results are discussed and compared with simulations. C1 [Jafer, R.; Volpe, L.; Batani, D.] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis G Occhialini, Milan, Italy. [Koenig, M.; Baton, S.; Brambrink, E.; Perez, F.] Ecole Polytech, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Dorchies, F.; Santos, J. J.; Fourment, C.; Hulin, S.; Nicolai, P.; Vauzour, B.] Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, Bordeaux, France. [Koester, P.; Labate, L.; Gizzi, L.] CNR, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. [Benedetti, C.; Sgattoni, A.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Richetta, M.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, I-00173 Rome, Italy. [Pasley, J.] Univ York, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Beg, F.; Chawla, S.; Higginson, D.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [MacKinnon, A.; McPhee, A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Kwon, Duck-Hee; Rhee, Yongjoo] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Seoul, South Korea. RP Jafer, R (reprint author), Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis G Occhialini, Milan, Italy. RI Koenig, Michel/A-2167-2012; Gizzi, Leonida/F-4782-2011; RICHETTA, MARIA/I-8513-2012; Vauzour, Benjamin/N-8385-2013; Jafer, Rashida/K-2078-2014; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; Galimberti, Marco/J-8376-2016; Brennan, Patricia/N-3922-2015; OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; Galimberti, Marco/0000-0003-0661-7282; Gizzi, Leonida A./0000-0001-6572-6492 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 2 SI SI BP 305 EP 310 DI 10.3938/jkps.57.305 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 639YA UT WOS:000281011800001 ER PT J AU Park, SK Baik, SH Cha, HK Reese, SJ Hurley, DH AF Park, Seung-Kyu Baik, Sung-Hoon Cha, Hyung-Ki Reese, Stephen J. Hurley, David H. TI Characteristics of a Laser Resonant Ultrasonic Spectroscopy System for Measuring the Elastic Constants of Materials SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (BUS); Scanning laser-RUS; PZT-RUS; Resonant frequency mode; mode identification ID PIEZOELECTRIC COEFFICIENTS; DOPPLER INTERFEROMETRY AB Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (BUS) is a useful technique for measuring the elastic properties of materials. In this study, two experimental approaches for performing RUS are experimentally analyzed and compared: 1) contact transduction using piezoelectric transducers (PZT) and 2) laser transduction using pulse laser excitation and laser interferometric detection. A single Zircaloy sample cut from a nuclear pressure tube was used for this study. By virtue of the non-contact nature, the quality factor, Q, for laser RUS is shown to be higher than the contact RUS. In addition, the probe beam for laser-RUS can be scanned to form a 2D image of each vibrational mode, which in turn enables unique mode identification. These defining characteristics of laser-RUS enable straightforward discrimination of closely spaced resonant modes and provide key advantages for improving the resolution of resonant ultrasound spectroscopy. C1 [Park, Seung-Kyu; Baik, Sung-Hoon; Cha, Hyung-Ki] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Quantum Opt Res Div, Taejon 305353, South Korea. [Reese, Stephen J.; Hurley, David H.] Idaho Natl Lab, Mat Characterizat Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Park, SK (reprint author), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Quantum Opt Res Div, Taejon 305353, South Korea. EM skpark4@kaeri.re.kr FU U.S. Department of Energy; National Research Foundation of Korea [2009-0082799]; DOE [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX This work was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy to the Idaho National Laboratory AFCI Transmutation Fuels Campaign, Fuels Characterization Element, operated by Battelle Energy Aliance, LLC, under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. Also, it was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (Grant No. 2009-0082799). NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 2 SI SI BP 375 EP 379 DI 10.3938/jkps.57.375 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 639YA UT WOS:000281011800015 ER PT J AU Hurley, DH Shinde, SL Gusev, VE AF Hurley, David H. Shinde, Subhash L. Gusev, Vitalyi E. TI Lateral-looking Time-resolved Thermal Wave Microscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Time resolved; Thermal wave; Thermal transport; Laser ID THERMOREFLECTANCE; DEFLECTION; FILMS AB Time-resolved thermal wave microscopy was used to measure lateral thermal transport in a thin metallic film on an insulating substrate. The basis of this approach is to decompose the reflectivity signal into a component that varies with delay time and a steady state component that varies with pump modulation frequency. The transient component is a summation of thermal waves at integral multiples of the pulse repetition frequency (76 MHz). The steady state component depends only on thermal waves at the pump chopping frequency (10 - 100 kHz). For long delays, the steady-state component is dominant and can be used to measure the thermal diffusivity. C1 [Hurley, David H.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Shinde, Subhash L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Gusev, Vitalyi E.] Univ Maine, F-72085 Le Mans, France. RP Hurley, DH (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM david.hurley@inl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC07-051D14517] FX This work was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to the Idaho National Laboratory AFCI Transmutation Fuels Campaign, Fuels Characterization Element, operated by Battelle Energy Aliance, LLC, under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-051D14517. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 2 SI SI BP 384 EP 388 DI 10.3938/jkps.57.384 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 639YA UT WOS:000281011800017 ER PT J AU Miao, XY Brener, I Luk, TS AF Miao, Xiaoyu Brener, Igal Luk, Ting Shan TI Nanocomposite plasmonic fluorescence emitters with core/shell configurations SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-MOLECULE FLUORESCENCE; ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; LABELED SILVER NANOSHELL; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; METALLIC NANOCAVITY; QUANTUM DOTS; EMISSION; FILM AB This paper is focused on the optical properties of nanocomposite plasmonic emitters with core/shell configurations, where a fluorescence emitter is located inside a metal nanoshell. Systematic theoretical investigations are presented for the influence of material type, core radius, shell thickness, and excitation wavelength on the internal optical intensity, radiative quantum yield, and fluorescence enhancement of the nanocomposite emitter. It is our conclusion that: (i) an optimal ratio between the core radius and shell thickness is required to maximize the absorption rate of fluorescence emitters, and (ii) a large core radius is desired to minimize the non-radiative damping and avoid significant quantum yield degradation of light emitters. Several experimental approaches to synthesize these nanocomposite emitters are also discussed. Furthermore, our theoretical results are successfully used to explain several reported experimental observations and should prove useful for designing ultra-bright core/shell nanocomposite emitters. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Miao, Xiaoyu; Brener, Igal; Luk, Ting Shan] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Miao, XY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM xiaoyu.miao@gmail.com RI Brener, Igal/G-1070-2010 OI Brener, Igal/0000-0002-2139-5182 FU Energy Frontier Research Center for Solid State Lighting Science; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We thank Michael Descour, Shisheng Xiong, C. Jeffrey Brinker, Peng Zhang, and Alon Gabbay for useful discussions. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility. The FDTD simulation portion was funded by the Energy Frontier Research Center for Solid State Lighting Science. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 27 IS 8 BP 1561 EP 1570 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 635OP UT WOS:000280665300009 ER PT J AU Kardol, P Todd, DE Hanson, PJ Mulholland, PJ AF Kardol, Paul Todd, Donald E. Hanson, Paul J. Mulholland, Patrick J. TI Long-term successional forest dynamics: species and community responses to climatic variability SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Climate change; DBH; Global change; Growth; Insect outbreaks; Mortality; Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI); Precipitation; Summer drought; Temperature ID TREE MORTALITY-RATES; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS; MODEL SIMULATIONS; GLOBAL-CHANGE; NET PRIMARY; OAK FOREST; DROUGHT; GROWTH AB Question Are trees sensitive to climatic variability, and do tree species differ in their responses to climatic variability? Does sensitivity of forest communities to climatic variability depend on stand composition? Location Mixed young forest at Walker Branch Watershed near Oak Ridge, East Tennessee, USA. Methods Using a long-term dataset (1967-2006), we analyzed temporal forest dynamics at the tree and species level, and community dynamics for forest stands that differed in initial species composition (i.e., chestnut oak, oak-hickory, pine, and yellow poplar stands). Using summer drought and growing season temperature as defined climate drivers, we evaluated relationships between forest dynamics and climate across levels of organization. Results Over the four-decade study period, forest communities underwent successional change and substantially increased in biomass. Variation in summer drought and growing season temperature contributed to temporal biomass dynamics for some tree species, but not for others. Stand-level responses to climatic variability were related to the responses of component species, except in pine stands. Pinus echinata, the dominant species in pine stands, decreased over time due to periodic outbreaks of pine bark beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis). These outbreaks at Walker Branch could not be directly related to climatic conditions. Conclusions The results indicate that sensitivity of developing forests to climatic variability is stand type-dependent, and hence is a function of species composition. However, in the long term, direct effects of climatic variability on forest dynamics may be small relative to autogenic successional processes or climate-related insect outbreaks. Empirical studies testing for interactions between forest succession and climatic variability are needed. C1 [Kardol, Paul; Todd, Donald E.; Hanson, Paul J.; Mulholland, Patrick J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kardol, P (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden. EM p.kardol@gmail.com; todddejr@ornl.gov; hansonpj@ornl.gov; mullhollandpj@ornl.gov RI Kardol, Paul/A-2600-2010; Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012; Kardol, Paul/N-8383-2015 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Kardol, Paul/0000-0001-7065-3435 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research FX We thank Diane Turner and Brian West for their help in the 2006 survey and Dale Johnson, Gray Henderson, and Frank Harris for their contributions to organizing and compiling data from earlier forest surveys. We thank Michael Huston for his contributions to the Walker Branch Watershed project. Aimee Classen, Lara Souza, and Tara Sackett provided helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. P.K. performed the research as a Eugene P. Wigner Fellow and staff member at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LCC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Support for long-term observations of Walker Branch biomass plots was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research. NR 56 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 21 IS 4 BP 627 EP 642 DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2010.01171.x PG 16 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 619SI UT WOS:000279450200002 ER PT J AU Fagyal, Z Swarup, S Escobar, AM Gasser, L Lakkaraju, K AF Fagyal, Zsuzsanna Swarup, Samarth Escobar, Anna Maria Gasser, Les Lakkaraju, Kiran TI Centers and peripheries: Network roles in language change SO LINGUA LA English DT Article DE Language change; Social networks; Diffusion; Popularity; Accommodation ID NEW-DIALECT FORMATION; SOCIAL NETWORKS; EMERGENCE; CONTACT; IMPACT; BILINGUALISM; INNOVATION; DIFFUSION; CHILDREN; SYSTEM AB Sociolinguistic studies have demonstrated that centrally-connected and peripheral. members of social networks can both propel and impede the spread of linguistic innovations. We use agent-based computer simulations to investigate the dynamic properties of these network roles in a large social influence network, in which diffusion is modeled as the probabilistic uptake of one of several competing variants by agents of unequal social standing. We find that highly-connected agents, structural equivalents of leaders in empirical studies, advance on-going change by spreading competing variants. Isolated agents, or loners, holding on to existing variants are safe-keepers of variants considered old or new depending on the current state of the rest of the population. Innovations spread following a variety of S-curves and stabilize as norms in the network only if two conditions are simultaneously satisfied: (1) the network comprises extremely highly connected and very isolated agents, and (2) agents are biased to pay proportionally more attention to better connected, or popular, neighbors. These findings reconcile competing models of individual network roles in the selection and propagation process of language change, and support Bloomfield's hypothesis that the spread of linguistic innovations in heterogeneous social networks depend upon communication density and relative prestige. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fagyal, Zsuzsanna; Escobar, Anna Maria] Univ Illinois, Sch Literatures Cultures & Linguist, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Swarup, Samarth] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Gasser, Les] Univ Illinois, Grad Sch Lib & Informat Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Lakkaraju, Kiran] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Fagyal, Z (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Sch Literatures Cultures & Linguist, 707 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM zsfagyal@illinois.edu; swarup@vbi.vt.edu; aescobar@illinois.edu; gasser@illinois.edu; klakkar@sandia.gov NR 108 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0024-3841 J9 LINGUA JI Lingua PD AUG PY 2010 VL 120 IS 8 SI SI BP 2061 EP 2079 DI 10.1016/j.lingua.2010.02.001 PG 19 WC Linguistics; Language & Linguistics SC Linguistics GA 606NZ UT WOS:000278434400012 ER PT J AU Liu, Z Ukida, H Ramuhalli, P Forsyth, DS AF Liu, Zheng Ukida, Hiroyuki Ramuhalli, Pradeep Forsyth, David S. TI Integrated imaging and vision techniques for industrial inspection: a special issue on machine vision and applications SO MACHINE VISION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Liu, Zheng] NRC Inst Res Construct, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Ukida, Hiroyuki] Univ Tokushima, Dept Mech Engn, Tokushima 7708506, Japan. [Ramuhalli, Pradeep] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Forsyth, David S.] Texas Res Int Inc Austin, NDE Div, Austin, TX 78733 USA. RP Liu, Z (reprint author), NRC Inst Res Construct, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. EM zheng.liu@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca; ukida@me.tokushima-u.ac.jp; pradeep.ramuhalli@pnl.gov; dforsyth@tri-austin.com OI Ramuhalli, Pradeep/0000-0001-6372-1743; Liu, Zheng/0000-0002-7241-3483 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-8092 J9 MACH VISION APPL JI Mach. Vis. Appl. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 21 IS 5 BP 597 EP 599 DI 10.1007/s00138-010-0277-9 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 630CM UT WOS:000280249300001 ER PT J AU Miller, GK Burkes, DE Wachs, DM AF Miller, Gregory K. Burkes, Douglas E. Wachs, Daniel M. TI Modeling thermal and stress behavior of the fuel-clad interface in monolithic fuel mini-plates SO MATERIALS & DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Thermal analysis; Non-destructive testing AB A fuel development and qualification program is in process with the objective of qualifying very high density monolithic low enriched uranium-molybdenum fuel for high-performance research reactors. The monolithic fuel foil creates differences in the mechanical and structural characteristics of the fuel plate because of the planar interface created by the fuel foil and cladding. An initial finite element analysis model has been developed to investigate worst-case scenarios for the basic monolithic fuel plate structure using typical mini-plate irradiation conditions in the Advanced Test Reactor. Initial analysis shows that the stress normal to the fuel-clad interface dominates during irradiation and that the presence of small, rounded delaminations at the interface is not of great concern. However, larger and/or fuel-clad delaminations with sharp corners can create areas of concern, as maximum principal cladding stress, strain, displacement, and peak fuel temperature are all significantly increased. Furthermore, stresses resulting from temperature gradients that cause the plate to bow or buckle in an unconstrained fuel plate configuration is greatly enhanced in a constrained fuel plate configuration. The sensitivities of the model and input parameters are discussed, along with some overlap of initial experimental observations using as-fabricated plate characterization and post-irradiation examination. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Miller, Gregory K.; Burkes, Douglas E.; Wachs, Daniel M.] Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Fuels & Mat Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Burkes, DE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Fuels & Mat Div, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Douglas.Burkes@inl.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX This manuscript has been authored by Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC07-05ID14517 with the US Department of Energy. The US Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-3069 J9 MATER DESIGN JI Mater. Des. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 31 IS 7 BP 3234 EP 3243 DI 10.1016/j.matdes.2010.02.016 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 606QK UT WOS:000278442000012 ER PT J AU Caballero, FG Miller, MK Garcia-Mateo, C AF Caballero, F. G. Miller, M. K. Garcia-Mateo, C. TI Tracking solute atoms during bainite reaction in a nanocrystalline steel SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Steels; Bainite; Three-dimensional atom probe ID LOW-ALLOY STEELS; INCOMPLETE TRANSFORMATION PHENOMENON; COMPOSITION PROPERTY APPROACH; LOW-TEMPERATURE BAINITE; NI-C MARTENSITES; CARBIDE PRECIPITATION; FE-C; SILICON STEELS; DESIGN; PROBE AB The extremely slow transformation kinetics of a nanocrystalline bainitic steel makes this novel structure the perfect candidate to determine the carbon content of the bainitic ferrite away from any carbon enriched regions, such as dislocations and boundaries, as the bainite transformation progresses at extremely low temperatures. The purpose of this atom probe tomography study was to systematically track atom distributions during the bainite reaction in a nanocrystalline steel. The results will provide new experimental evidence on the explanation for the incomplete reaction phenomenon and the carbon supersaturation of the bainitic ferrite during transformation, subjects critically relevant to understanding the atomic mechanism controlling bainitic ferrite growth. C1 [Caballero, F. G.; Garcia-Mateo, C.] Ctr Nacl Invest Met CENIM CSIC, Dept Met Phys, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Miller, M. K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Caballero, FG (reprint author), Ctr Nacl Invest Met CENIM CSIC, Dept Met Phys, Avda Gregorio del Amo 8, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RI CABALLERO, FRANCISCA/A-4292-2008; Garcia-Mateo, Carlos/A-7752-2008; OI Garcia-Mateo, Carlos/0000-0002-4773-5077; Caballero, Francisca/0000-0002-5548-7659 FU Research Fund for Coal and Steel; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [RFSR-CT-2008-00022, MAT2007-63873]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Research Fund for Coal and Steel and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for funding this research under the contracts RFSR-CT-2008-00022 and MAT2007-63873 respectively. Research at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory SHaRE User Facility was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. NR 71 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0267-0836 J9 MATER SCI TECH-LOND JI Mater. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 26 IS 8 BP 889 EP 898 DI 10.1179/026708310X12635619987943 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 647PI UT WOS:000281630400001 ER PT J AU Allison, SW Gillies, GT AF Allison, S. W. Gillies, G. T. TI Fluorescence excitation and propagation through brain phantom gelatins: measurements and potential applications SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thermographic phosphor; fluorescence excitation; brain phantoms; neuroendoscopy; phototherapy ID POSITIVE-PRESSURE INFUSION; IN-VITRO; NANOSCALE POROSITY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; TISSUE; NANOPARTICLES; THERMOMETRY; DELIVERY AB We have investigated the utility of 0.6% agarose gels as surrogate materials for brain tissues in optical propagation studies for possible diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Centimeter-scale layers of the gel exhibited a Beer's law attenuation factor, delta, of approximate to 0.2 mm(-1) for incident illumination via a pulsed LED (100 Hz) at 405 nm. This result was different by only about a factor of 3 from the effective penetration depth at similar wavelengths through in vitro samples of the gray (cortical) matter of human brain, as measured by others. Then, films of the thermographic phosphors La2O2S:Eu, Mg4FGeO6:Mn, YAG:Cr and variants of the latter were formed on aluminum substrates and the fluorescence of these samples was stimulated and observed through layers of the gel up to 4 cm thick. In all cases, the fluorescence was easily excited and distinguishable above the background. The results demonstrate that this gel might serve as an inexpensive and robust test bed for exploratory studies of neurological modalities involving propagation of optical signals within brain tissues. C1 [Allison, S. W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sensors & Controls Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37932 USA. [Gillies, G. T.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Gillies, G. T.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Neurosurg, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Allison, SW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sensors & Controls Res Grp, POB 2008,MS6054, Oak Ridge, TN 37932 USA. EM allisonsw@ornl.gov; gtg@virginia.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Kopf Family Foundation, Inc.; University of Virginia Patent Foundation FX This research was supported in part by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no DE-AC05-00OR22725. The work at the University of Virginia was funded in part by a grant from the Kopf Family Foundation, Inc., and by the University of Virginia Patent Foundation Royalty Distribution Program. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 21 IS 8 AR 085802 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/21/8/085802 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 627KZ UT WOS:000280039700028 ER PT J AU Truong, NX Tiggesbaumker, J Doppner, T AF Truong, N. X. Tiggesbaeumker, J. Doeppner, T. TI Shaper-assisted removal of the direction-of-time ambiguity in second-harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pulse shaping; femtosecond phenomena; femtosecond laser pulse characterization ID MULTIPHOTON INTRAPULSE INTERFERENCE; ELECTRIC-FIELD RECONSTRUCTION; BROAD-BAND PULSE; LASER-PULSES; DOMAIN INTERFEROMETRY; TEMPORAL DIFFRACTION; ULTRASHORT PULSES; PHASE; COMPRESSION; MICROSCOPY AB We report on a practical method where a pulse shaper in combination with second-harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating (SHG-FROG) is used to fully characterize ultrashort laser pulses. The original pulse is modified by adding a small satellite, which allows us to determine the direction of time of the retrieved pulse. The setup extends the work of Zeek et al (2002 Appl. Phys. B 74 S265) to more arbitrary pulse structures. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the method is applicable also in high-power ultrashort laser systems, where the pulse former has to be placed before the chirped-pulse amplifier. We found that the amplitude of the satellite must be smaller than 20% of that of the original pulse to avoid nonlinear distortions. C1 [Truong, N. X.; Tiggesbaeumker, J.] Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. [Doeppner, T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Truong, NX (reprint author), Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. EM josef.tiggesbaeumker@uni-rostock.de FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Sonderforschungsbereich SFB 652] FX We thank Karl-Heinz Meiwes-Broer for his continuous interest and support, and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for financial support through the Sonderforschungsbereich SFB 652. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 21 IS 8 AR 085303 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/21/8/085303 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 627KZ UT WOS:000280039700016 ER PT J AU Kovacik, WP Scholten, JCM Culley, D Hickey, R Zhang, WW Brockman, FJ AF Kovacik, William P., Jr. Scholten, Johannes C. M. Culley, David Hickey, Robert Zhang, Weiwen Brockman, Fred J. TI Microbial dynamics in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) bioreactor granules in response to short-term changes in substrate feed SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; SP-NOV; SYNTROPHIC ASSOCIATION; METHANOGENIC COMMUNITY; OXIDIZING BACTERIUM; ACETATE OXIDATION; WASTE-WATER; GEN. NOV. AB The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor is a microcosm for the methanogenic degradation of organic matter in anaerobic environments, and depends on the auto-formation of dense 3D biofilms of 1-3 mm in diameter, referred to as granular sludge (biogranules). Past research has shown that UASB and other methanogenic reactors are extremely stable functionally, but the underlying basis of the functional stability is not well understood. In this study, microbial dynamics in the communities residing in UASB biogranules were analysed to determine responses to short-term perturbations (change in reactor feed). The reactor was fed with simulated brewery wastewater (SBWW) for 1 5 months (phase 1), acetate/sulfate for 2 months (phase 2), acetate alone for 3 months (phase 3) and then a return to SBWW for 2 months (phase 4) Analysis of 16S rRNA, methanogen-associated mcrA and sulfate reducer-associated dsrAB gene-based-clone libraries showed a relatively simple community composed mainly of the methanogenic archaea (Methanobacterium and Methanosaeta), members of the green non-sulfur (Chloroflexi) group of bacteria and Syntrophobacter, Spirochaeta, Acidobacteria and Cytophaga-related bacterial sequences The mcrA clone libraries were dominated throughout by Methanobacterium- and Methanospirillum-related sequences. Although the reactor performance remained relatively stable throughout the experiment, community diversity levels generally decreased for all libraries in response to a change from SBWW to acetate alone feed. There was a large transitory increase noted in 16S diversity at the 2 month sampling on acetate alone, entirely related to an increase in bacterial diversity. Upon return to SBWW conditions in phase 4, all diversity measures returned to near phase 1 levels Our results demonstrated that microbial communities, even highly structured ones such as in UASB biogranules, are very capable of responding to rapid and major changes in their environment C1 [Kovacik, William P., Jr.; Scholten, Johannes C. M.; Culley, David; Zhang, Weiwen; Brockman, Fred J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Microbiol, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Hickey, Robert] Ecovation Inc, Victor, NY 14564 USA. RP Zhang, WW (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Ctr Ecogenom, Biodesign Inst, POB 876501, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program (LDRD) of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); US Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX The work was supported by a grant from Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program (LDRD) of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the US Department of Energy through contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830 NR 43 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 18 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD AUG PY 2010 VL 156 BP 2418 EP 2427 DI 10.1099/mic.0.036715-0 PN 8 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 642TA UT WOS:000281239600015 PM 20430810 ER PT J AU Wang, MR Kang, QJ AF Wang, Moran Kang, Qinjun TI Electrochemomechanical energy conversion efficiency in silica nanochannels SO MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS LA English DT Article DE Energy conversion; Electrokinetic transport; Nanofluidics; Chemical dissociation ID POISSON-BOLTZMANN EQUATION; NANOFLUIDIC CHANNELS; ELECTROOSMOTIC FLOWS; MICROFLUIDIC PHENOMENA; ELECTROKINETIC FLOW; POWER-GENERATION; IONIC TRANSPORT; LIQUID FLOW; MICROCHANNELS; CAPILLARIES AB The electrochemomechanical energy conversion efficiency has been investigated using a new theoretical and numerical framework for modeling the multiphysiochemical transport in long silica nanochannels. Both the chemical dissociation effects on surface charge boundary conditions and the bulk concentration enrichment caused by double layer interactions are considered in the framework. The results show that the energy conversion efficiency decreases monotonically with the increasing ionic concentration at pH = 8. For a given ionic concentration, there is an optimal channel height for the highest efficiency. The efficiency does not increase with the pH value monotonically, and there is an optimal pH value for the maximum energy conversion efficiency as the other conditions are given. The energy conversion efficiency increases with the environmental temperature. The present results may guide the design and optimization of nanofluidic devices for energy conversion. C1 [Wang, Moran; Kang, Qinjun] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci Grp EES 16, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Ctr Nonlinear Study CNLS,Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, MR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci Grp EES 16, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Ctr Nonlinear Study CNLS,Theoret Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mwang@lanl.gov RI Wang, Moran/A-1150-2010; Kang, Qinjun/A-2585-2010 OI Kang, Qinjun/0000-0002-4754-2240 FU LANL [20080727PRD2] FX This work is supported by LANL's LDRD Project 20080727PRD2, through the J. R. Oppenheimer Fellowship awarded to M. W. The authors would like to thank Prof. Stein, D. for providing the experimental data, Prof. Dekker, C., Prof. Xuan, X. C., Prof. Pennathur S and Prof. Bazant, M. for helpful discussions. NR 54 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1613-4982 J9 MICROFLUID NANOFLUID JI Microfluid. Nanofluid. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 9 IS 2-3 BP 181 EP 190 DI 10.1007/s10404-009-0530-6 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 612VJ UT WOS:000278932400004 ER PT J AU Artyushkova, K Garcia, AL Lopez, GP AF Artyushkova, Kateryna Garcia, Anthony L. Lopez, Gabriel P. TI Detecting molecular separation in nano-fluidic channels through velocity analysis of temporal image sequences by multivariate curve resolution SO MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS LA English DT Article DE Nanofluidics; Flow visualization; Velocimetry; Multivariate image analysis; Multivariate curve resolution (MCR) ID OPTICAL-FLOW; VELOCIMETRY; TRANSPORT; CELLS AB In this study, we report on a method of determining individual velocities of molecular species being separated in a fluid medium within array of nanofluidic channels that can be useful in the detection of molecular species. The method is based on the application of multivariate image analysis methods, in this case principal component analysis and multivariate curve resolution, to temporal image series capturing multiple species moving through the medium. There are two novel and unique advantages of the reported method. First, it is possible to identify transport velocities of different molecular species, even those tagged with the same fluorophore. And second, the velocity determination can be made before there is any visual separation of the species in the medium at the very initial stages of separation. The capability of the methodology to detect the separation of species without fluorescent labeling and to provide an accurate ratio of their velocities even at the very early pre-visual stage of separation will significantly optimize separation experiments and assist in fast and accurate detection of analytes based on micro- and nano-fluidics assays. The presented method can be practiced in connection with various molecular separation techniques including, but not limited to, nanochannel electrophoresis, microchannel capillary electrophoresis, and gel electrophoresis. C1 [Artyushkova, Kateryna; Lopez, Gabriel P.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Garcia, Anthony L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Artyushkova, K (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, 209 Farris Engn Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM kartyush@unm.edu RI Artyushkova, Kateryna/B-4709-2008 OI Artyushkova, Kateryna/0000-0002-2611-0422 FU Center for Biomedical Engineering (CBME) at UNM; NM DTRA [HDTRA1-06-CWMDBR]; NSF [CTS-0332315] FX This study was supported by the Center for Biomedical Engineering (CBME) at UNM, NM DTRA HDTRA1-06-CWMDBR and NSF Sensors CTS-0332315. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1613-4982 J9 MICROFLUID NANOFLUID JI Microfluid. Nanofluid. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 9 IS 2-3 BP 447 EP 459 DI 10.1007/s10404-009-0562-y PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 612VJ UT WOS:000278932400027 ER PT J AU Allard, LF Flytzani-Stephanopoulos, M Overbury, SH AF Allard, Lawrence F. Flytzani-Stephanopoulos, Maria Overbury, Steven H. TI Behavior of Au Species in Au/Fe2O3 Catalysts Characterized by Novel In Situ Heating Techniques and Aberration-Corrected STEM Imaging SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Aberration-Corrected Electron Microscopy CY JUL, 2009 CL Richmond, VA DE STEM; aberration correction; in situ; Au catalysts; depth sectioning; HAADF ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; SHRINKAGE; DIFFUSION; GRAIN AB The recent advent of a novel design of in situ heating technology for electron microscopes has permitted unprecedented control of elevated temperature studies of catalytic materials, particularly when coupled with the sub-Angstrom imaging performance of a modern aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). Using micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS)-based Aduro (TM) heating chips from Protochips, Inc. (Raleigh, NC, USA) allows nearly instantaneous heating and cooling of catalyst powders, avoiding effects of temperature ramping as experienced with standard heating stages. The heating technology also provides stable operation limited only by the inherent drift in the microscope stage, thus allowing full image resolution to be achieved even at elevated temperatures. The present study details the use of both the high X-Y spatial resolution in both dark-field and simultaneous bright-field imaging, along with the high resolution in Z (depth sectioning) provided by the large probe incidence semiangle in the aberration-corrected instrument, to characterize the evolution of microstructure in a commercial Au/Fe2O3 water-gas shift catalyst during elevated temperature treatment. The phenomenon of Au diffusion to the surface of hematite support particles to form discrete crystalline Au nanoparticles in the 1-2 nm size range, after a prior leaching treatment to remove surface Au species has been characterized. C1 [Allard, Lawrence F.; Overbury, Steven H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Phys Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Flytzani-Stephanopoulos, Maria] Tufts Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Allard, LF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Phys Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM allardLFjr@ornl.gov RI Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016 OI Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961 NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 24 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 EI 1435-8115 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 16 IS 4 SI SI BP 375 EP 385 DI 10.1017/S1431927610013486 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 638AO UT WOS:000280862100003 PM 20569530 ER PT J AU Liu, JY Allard, LF AF Liu, Jingyue Allard, Lawrence F. TI Surface Channeling in Aberration-Corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy of Nanostructures SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Aberration-Corrected Electron Microscopy CY JUL, 2009 CL Richmond, VA DE STEM; HAADF; electron microscope; channeling; nanostructure; aberration-free electron microscope; surface; ZnO ID THERMAL DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; DARK-FIELD STEM; RESOLUTION; CONTRAST; LATTICE; IMAGES; TILT AB The aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope can provide information on nanostructures with sub-Angstrom image resolution. The relatively intuitive interpretation of high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) imaging technique makes it a popular tool to image a variety of samples and finds broad applications to characterizing nanostructures, especially when combined with electron energy-loss spectroscopy and X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy techniques. To quantitatively interpret HAADF images, however, requires full understanding of the various types of signals that contribute to the HAADF image contrast. We have observed significant intensity enhancement in HAADF images, and large expansion of lattice spacings, of surface atoms of atomically flat ZnO surfaces. The surface-resonance channeling effect, one of the electron-beam channeling phenomena in crystalline nanostructures, was invoked to explain the observed image intensity enhancement. A better understanding of the effect of electron beam channeling along surfaces or interfaces on HAADF image contrast may have implications for quantifying HAADF images and may provide new routes to utilize the channeling phenomenon to study surface structures with sub-Angstrom spatial resolution. C1 [Liu, Jingyue] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem & Biochem, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Nanosci, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Allard, Lawrence F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, JY (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem & Biochem, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Nanosci, 1 Univ Blvd, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. EM liuj@umsl.edu NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 20 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 16 IS 4 SI SI BP 425 EP 433 DI 10.1017/S1431927610000450 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 638AO UT WOS:000280862100008 PM 20598201 ER PT J AU Typke, D AF Typke, Dieter TI Zernike Phase Contrast Electron Microscopy with a Spherically Corrected Foil Lens SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Aberration-Corrected Electron Microscopy CY JUL, 2009 CL Richmond, VA DE Zernike phase contrast; spherical correction; foil lens; transmission electron microscopy ID CHROMATIC CORRECTION; THIN FOIL; ABERRATION; CHARGES; GAUZE AB A lens system is proposed that not only provides spherical correction of the objective lens by charges that are induced on a thin foil, in the way proposed in a paper by Otto Scherzer [Optik 56(2), 133-147, 1980], but also provides Zernike phase contrast by means of an appropriate phase shift of the scattered electrons within the foil. This system has the potential to provide strong phase contrast from very low spatial frequencies to frequencies above 1/(100 pm). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Typke, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd Mailstop Donner, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM DTypke@lbl.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 16 IS 4 SI SI BP 441 EP 444 DI 10.1017/S1431927610000462 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 638AO UT WOS:000280862100010 PM 20598202 ER PT J AU Davis, RW Timlin, JA Kaiser, JN Sinclair, MB Jones, HDT Lane, TW AF Davis, Ryan W. Timlin, Jerilyn A. Kaiser, Julia N. Sinclair, Michael B. Jones, Howland D. T. Lane, Todd W. TI Accurate Detection of Low Levels of Fluorescence Emission in Autofluorescent Background: Francisella-Infected Macrophage Cells SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Aberration-Corrected Electron Microscopy CY JUL, 2009 CL Richmond, VA DE spectral imaging; fluorescence imaging; Francisella; autofluorescence; spectral crosstalk; multivariate curve resolution; macrophage; fluorescent proteins ID MULTIVARIATE CURVE RESOLUTION; AUTOMATED-ANALYSIS; ALGORITHM; REMOVAL; IMAGES AB Cellular autofluorescence, though ubiquitous when imaging cells and tissues, is often assumed to be small in comparison to the signal of interest. Uniform estimates of autofluorescence intensity obtained from separate control specimens are commonly employed to correct for autofluorescence. While these may be sufficient for high signal-to-background applications, improvements in detector and probe technologies and introduction of spectral imaging microscopes have increased the sensitivity of fluorescence imaging methods, exposing the possibility of effectively probing the low signal-to-background regime. With spectral imaging, reliable monitoring of signals near or even below the noise levels of the microscope is possible if compensation for autofluorescence and background signals can be performed accurately. We demonstrate the importance of accurate autofluorescence modeling and the utility of spectral imaging and multivariate analysis methods using a case study focusing on fluorescence confocal spectral imaging of host-pathogen interactions. In this application fluorescent proteins are produced when Francisella novicida invade host macrophage cells. The resulting analyte signal is spectrally overlapped and typically weaker than the cellular autofluorescence. In addition to discussing the advantages of spectral imaging for following pathogen invasion, we present the spectral properties and cellular origin of macrophage autofluorescence. C1 [Davis, Ryan W.; Kaiser, Julia N.; Lane, Todd W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Timlin, Jerilyn A.; Sinclair, Michael B.; Jones, Howland D. T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Davis, RW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rwdavis@sandia.gov OI Lane, Todd/0000-0002-5816-2649; Timlin, Jerilyn/0000-0003-2953-1721 FU NIH HHS [1-DP2-OD006673-01, DP2 OD006673, DP2 OD006673-01] NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 16 IS 4 SI SI BP 478 EP 487 DI 10.1017/S1431927610000322 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 638AO UT WOS:000280862100015 PM 20569528 ER PT J AU Shabalina, SA Ogurtsov, AY Spiridonov, AN Novichkov, PS Spiridonov, NA Koonin, EV AF Shabalina, Svetlana A. Ogurtsov, Aleksey Y. Spiridonov, Alexey N. Novichkov, Pavel S. Spiridonov, Nikolay A. Koonin, Eugene V. TI Distinct Patterns of Expression and Evolution of Intronless and Intron-Containing Mammalian Genes SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE alternative splicing; intronless genes; monomorphic genes; polymorphic genes; mammalian gene evolution ID NETWORK; GENOME; EXPORT; CELLS; RATES AB Comparison of expression levels and breadth and evolutionary rates of intronless and intron-containing mammalian genes shows that intronless genes are expressed at lower levels, tend to be tissue specific, and evolve significantly faster than spliced genes. By contrast, monomorphic spliced genes that are not subject to detectable alternative splicing and polymorphic alternatively spliced genes show similar statistically indistinguishable patterns of expression and evolution. Alternative splicing is most common in ancient genes, whereas intronless genes appear to have relatively recent origins. These results imply tight coupling between different stages of gene expression, in particular, transcription, splicing, and nucleocytosolic transport of transcripts, and suggest that formation of intronless genes is an important route of evolution of novel tissue-specific functions in animals. C1 [Shabalina, Svetlana A.; Ogurtsov, Aleksey Y.; Koonin, Eugene V.] NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Spiridonov, Alexey N.] MIT, Dept Math, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Novichkov, Pavel S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Spiridonov, Nikolay A.] US FDA, Div Therapeut Prot, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. RP Shabalina, SA (reprint author), NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM shabalin@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov; koonin@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov RI Shabalina, Svetlana/N-8939-2013; Spiridonov, Nikolay/B-6287-2014 OI Shabalina, Svetlana/0000-0003-2272-7473; FU Department of Health and Human Services (National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) FX The authors' research is supported by the intramural funds of the Department of Health and Human Services (National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health). NR 29 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 27 IS 8 BP 1745 EP 1749 DI 10.1093/molbev/msq086 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 630TI UT WOS:000280296700002 PM 20360214 ER PT J AU Ricklin, D Chen, H Hammel, M Garcia, BL McWhorter, WJ Sfyroera, G Wu, YQ Tzekou, A Li, S Geisbrecht, BV Woods, VL Lambris, JD AF Ricklin, Daniel Chen, Hui Hammel, Michal Garcia, Brandon L. McWhorter, William J. Sfyroera, Georgia Wu, You-Qiang Tzekou, Apostolia Li, Sheng Geisbrecht, Brian V. Woods, Virgil L. Lambris, John D. TI Allosteric inhibition of complement function by the Staphylococcal immune evasion protein Efb SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd International National Complement Workshop CY AUG 01-05, 2010 CL New York, NY C1 [Ricklin, Daniel; Chen, Hui; Sfyroera, Georgia; Wu, You-Qiang; Tzekou, Apostolia; Lambris, John D.] Univ Penn, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Hammel, Michal] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Garcia, Brandon L.; McWhorter, William J.; Geisbrecht, Brian V.] Univ Missouri, Sch Biol Sci, Div Cell Biol & Biophys, Kansas City, MO USA. [Li, Sheng; Woods, Virgil L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Ricklin, Daniel/F-5104-2011 OI Ricklin, Daniel/0000-0001-6140-0233 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 47 IS 13 SI SI MA 220 BP 2244 EP 2245 DI 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.05.144 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 630JE UT WOS:000280268400137 ER PT J AU Sullivan, M Conley, A Howell, DA Neill, JD Astier, P Balland, C Basa, S Carlberg, RG Fouchez, D Guy, J Hardin, D Hook, IM Pain, R Palanque-Delabrouille, N Perrett, KM Pritchet, CJ Regnault, N Rich, J Ruhlmann-Kleider, V Baumont, S Hsiao, E Kronborg, T Lidman, C Perlmutter, S Walker, ES AF Sullivan, M. Conley, A. Howell, D. A. Neill, J. D. Astier, P. Balland, C. Basa, S. Carlberg, R. G. Fouchez, D. Guy, J. Hardin, D. Hook, I. M. Pain, R. Palanque-Delabrouille, N. Perrett, K. M. Pritchet, C. J. Regnault, N. Rich, J. Ruhlmann-Kleider, V. Baumont, S. Hsiao, E. Kronborg, T. Lidman, C. Perlmutter, S. Walker, E. S. TI The dependence of Type Ia Supernovae luminosities on their host galaxies SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE supernovae: general; cosmology: observations; distance scale ID MASS-METALLICITY RELATION; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; LIGHT-CURVE SHAPES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; DEEP SURVEY; LEGACY SURVEY; DARK ENERGY; EVOLUTION; REDSHIFT AB Precision cosmology with Type la supernovae (SNe Ia) makes use of the fact that SN Ia luminosities depend on their light-curve shapes and colours. Using Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS) and other data, we show that there is an additional dependence on the global characteristics of their host galaxies: events of the same light-curve shape and colour are, on average, 0.08 mag (similar or equal to 4.0 sigma) brighter in massive host galaxies (presumably metal-rich) and galaxies with low specific star formation rates (sSFR). These trends do not depend on any assumed cosmological model, and are independent of the SN light-curve width: both fast and slow-declining events show the same trends. SNe Ia in galaxies with a low sSFR also have a smaller slope ('beta') between their luminosities and colours with similar to 2.7 sigma significance, and a smaller scatter on SN la Hubble diagrams (at 95 per cent confidence), though the significance of these effects is dependent on the reddest SNe. SN Ia colours are similar between low-mass and high-mass hosts, leading us to interpret their luminosity differences as an intrinsic property of the SNe and not of some external factor such as dust. If the host stellar mass is interpreted as a metallicity indicator using galaxy mass-metallicity relations, the luminosity trends are in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions. We show that the average stellar mass, and therefore the average metallicity, of our SN Ia host galaxies decreases with redshift. The SN la luminosity differences consequently introduce a systematic error in cosmological analyses, comparable to the current statistical uncertainties on parameters such as in, the equation of state of dark energy. We show that the use of two SN Ia absolute magnitudes, one for events in high-mass (metal-rich) galaxies and the other for events in low-mass (metal-poor) galaxies, adequately corrects for the differences. Cosmological fits incorporating these terms give a significant reduction in chi(2) (3.8 sigma-4.5 sigma); linear corrections based on host parameters do not perform as well. We conclude that all future SN la cosmological analyses should use a correction of this (or similar) form to control demographic shifts in the underlying galaxy population. C1 [Sullivan, M.; Hook, I. M.; Walker, E. S.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys Astrophys, DWB, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Conley, A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Howell, D. A.] Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope Network, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Howell, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Neill, J. D.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Astier, P.; Guy, J.; Hardin, D.; Pain, R.; Regnault, N.; Baumont, S.; Kronborg, T.] Univ Paris 07, Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, CNRS,IN2P3, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Balland, C.] Univ Paris 11, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Balland, C.; Basa, S.] LAM, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. [Carlberg, R. G.; Perrett, K. M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Fouchez, D.] Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, CNRS, IN2P3, F-13288 Marseille 9, France. [Hook, I. M.] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, RM, Italy. [Palanque-Delabrouille, N.; Rich, J.; Ruhlmann-Kleider, V.] CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu Spp, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Perrett, K. M.] DRDC Ottawa, Network Informat Operat, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Z4, Canada. [Pritchet, C. J.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8T 1M8, Canada. [Baumont, S.] CNRS IN2P3, LPSC, F-38026 Grenoble, France. [Hsiao, E.; Perlmutter, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lidman, C.] Anglo Australian Observ, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Perlmutter, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Walker, E. S.] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. RP Sullivan, M (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys Astrophys, DWB, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. EM sullivan@astro.ox.ac.uk RI Carlberg, Raymond/I-6947-2012; Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015; OI Carlberg, Raymond/0000-0002-7667-0081; Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661; Sullivan, Mark/0000-0001-9053-4820 FU Royal Society; Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-07-BLAN-0228]; NSERC; CIAR; CNRS/IN2P3; CNRS/INSU; CEA; W. M. Keck Foundation; Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy. Inc., under NASA [NAS 5-26555] FX MS acknowledges support from the Royal Society. This paper is based in part on observations obtained with MegaPrime/MegaCam, a joint project of CFHT and CEA/DAPNIA, at the Canada France Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) of France and the University of Hawaii. This work is based in part on data products produced at the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre as part of the CFHT Legacy Survey, a collaborative project of NRC and CNRS. Based in part on observations obtained with WIRCam, a joint project of CFHT, Taiwan, Korea, Canada, France, at the Canada France Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institute National des Sciences de l'Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique of France, and the University of Hawaii. This work is based in part on data products produced at TERAPIX, the WIRDS (WIRcam Deep Survey) consortium, and the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre. This research was supported by a grant from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche ANR-07-BLAN-0228. Canadian collaboration members acknowledge support from NSERC and CIAR; French collaboration members from CNRS/IN2P3. CNRS/INSU and CEA. Based in part on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the Paranal Observatory under program IDs 171.A-0486 and 176.A-0589. Based in part on observations obtained at the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy. Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), the Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research Council (Australia), Ministrio da Cincia e Tecnologia (Brazil) and Ministerio de Ciencia. Tecnologa e Innovacin Productiva (Argentina). The programmes under which data were obtained at the Gemini Observatory are: GS-2003B-Q-8, GN-2003B-Q-9, GS-2004A-Q-11. GN-2004A-Q-19, GS-2004B-Q-31, GN-2004B-Q-16, GS-2005A-Q-11. GN-2005A-11, GS-2005B-Q-6, GN-2005B-Q-7, GN-2006A-Q-7 and GN-2006BQ-10. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy. Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. NR 92 TC 179 Z9 181 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 406 IS 2 BP 782 EP 802 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16731.x PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 636EE UT WOS:000280710300006 ER PT J AU Fan, ZH Liu, SM Fryer, CL AF Fan, Zhonghui Liu, Siming Fryer, Christopher L. TI Stochastic electron acceleration in the TeV supernova remnant RX J1713.7-3946: the high-energy cut-off SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; MHD; plasmas; shock waves; turbulence; ISM: supernova remnants ID COSMIC-RAY ACCELERATION; COMPRESSIBLE MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; MAGNETIC-FIELD AMPLIFICATION; DIFFUSIVE SHOCK ACCELERATION; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; SOLAR-FLARES; NONTHERMAL EMISSION; ORIGIN; WAVES; RADIATION AB In the leptonic scenario for TeV emission from a few well-observed shell-type TeV supernova remnants (STTSNRs), very weak magnetic fields are inferred. If fast-mode waves are produced efficiently in the shock downstream, we show that they are viable agents for acceleration of relativistic electrons inferred from the observed spectra even in the subsonic phase, in spite that these waves are subject to strong damping by thermal background ions at small dissipation scales. Strong collisionless non-relativistic astrophysical shocks are studied with the assumption of a constant Alfven speed in the downstream. The turbulence evolution is modelled with both the Kolmogorov and Kraichnan phenomenology. Processes determining the high-energy cut-off of non-thermal electron distributions are examined. The Kraichnan models lead to a shallower high-energy cut-off of the electron distribution and require a lower downstream density than the Kolmogorov models to fit a given emission spectrum. With reasonable parameters, the model explains observations of STTSNRs, including recent data obtained with the Fermi gamma-ray telescope. More detailed studies of the turbulence generation and dissipation processes, supernova explosions and progenitors are warranted for better understanding of the nature of supernova shocks. C1 [Fan, Zhonghui] Yunnan Univ, Dept Phys, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Liu, Siming] Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Fryer, Christopher L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fryer, Christopher L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Fan, ZH (reprint author), Yunnan Univ, Dept Phys, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, Peoples R China. EM fanzh@ynu.edu.cn; sliu@astro.gla.ac.uk; fryer@lanl.gov RI liu, siming/B-5389-2011 FU EU [MTRN-CT-2006-035484]; National Science Foundation of China [10963004, 10778702]; Yunnan Provincial Science Foundation of China [2008CD061]; SRFDP of China [20095301120006] FX We thank the referee for critical reviews of the paper, which made us examine the acceleration time-scale and the shape of the high-energy cut-off of the electron distributions carefully. SL acknowledges support from the EU's SOLAIRE Research and Training Network at the University of Glasgow (MTRN-CT-2006-035484) and thanks Lyndsay Fletcher for constant support, and John Kirk and Christian Fendt for invitation to the workshop entitled 'The high-energy astrophysics of outflows from compact object', where some ideas in this paper were conceived. This work is supported in part by the National Science Foundation of China (grants 10963004 and 10778702), Yunnan Provincial Science Foundation of China (grant 2008CD061), SRFDP of China (grant 20095301120006), and also under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by its contract W-7405-ENG-36 to Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 78 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 406 IS 2 BP 1337 EP 1349 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16767.x PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 636EE UT WOS:000280710300050 ER PT J AU Evans, KJ Taylor, MA Drake, JB AF Evans, Katherine J. Taylor, Mark A. Drake, John B. TI Accuracy Analysis of a Spectral Element Atmospheric Model Using a Fully Implicit Solution Framework SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; DYNAMICAL CORE; TEST SET; ALGORITHM; CONVECTION; SPHERE AB A fully implicit (FI) time integration method has been implemented into a spectral finite-element shallow-water equation model on a sphere, and it is compared to existing fully explicit leapfrog and semi-implicit methods for a suite of test cases. This experiment is designed to determine the time step sizes that minimize simulation time while maintaining sufficient accuracy for these problems. For test cases without an analytical solution from which to compare, it is demonstrated that time step sizes 30-60 times larger than the gravity wave stability limits and 6-20 times larger than the advective-scale stability limits are possible using the FI method without a loss in accuracy, depending on the problem being solved. For a steady-state test case, the FI method produces error within machine accuracy limits as with existing methods, but using an arbitrarily large time step size. C1 [Evans, Katherine J.; Drake, John B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Taylor, Mark A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Evans, KJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,POB 2008,MS6016, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM evanskj@ornl.gov OI Evans, Katherine/0000-0001-8174-6450 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Department of Energy; Sandia National Laboratories Institute for Advanced Algorithms and Architectures; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by a combination of an Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Research and Development Program, the Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Program, and the Joint ORNL and Sandia National Laboratories Institute for Advanced Algorithms and Architectures. This research used resources of the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 138 IS 8 BP 3333 EP 3341 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3288.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 646CZ UT WOS:000281514900018 ER PT J AU Nozik, AJ AF Nozik, Arthur J. TI Nanoscience and Nanostructures for Photovoltaics and Solar Fuels SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Quantum dot solar cells; multiple exciton generation; MEG; third generation photovoltaics; nanostructures for photovoltaics ID MULTIPLE EXCITON GENERATION; CARRIER-MULTIPLICATION EFFICIENCY; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; PBS QUANTUM DOTS; IMPACT IONIZATION; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; CELL EFFICIENCY; MOLECULAR PHOTOVOLTAICS; COLLOIDAL NANOCRYSTALS; CHARGE SEPARATION AB Quantum confinement of electronic particles (negative electrons and positive holes) in nanocrystals produces unique optical and electronic properties that have the potential to enhance the power conversion efficiency of solar cells for photovoltaic and solar fuels production at lower cost. These approaches and applications are labeled third generation solar photon conversion. Prominent among these unique properties is the efficient formation of more than one electron hole pair (called excitons in nanocrystals) from a single absorbed photon. In isolated nanocrystals that have three-dimensional confinement of charge carriers (quantum dots) or two-dimensional confinement (quantum wires and rods) this process is termed multiple exciton generation. This Perspective presents a summary of our present understanding of the science of optoclectronic properties of nanocrystals and a prognosis for and review of the technological status of nanocrystals and nanostructurcs for third generation photovoltaic cells and solar fuels production. C1 [Nozik, Arthur J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Nozik, Arthur J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nozik, AJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Nozik, Arthur/A-1481-2012; Nozik, Arthur/P-2641-2016 FU Center for Advanced Solar Photophysics; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Bio-sciences in the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the Department of Energy; DOE [DE-AC36-086038308] FX During the preparation of this manuscript the author has been supported by the Center for Advanced Solar Photophysics, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The research by the author and his colleagues discussed here was supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Bio-sciences in the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the Department of Energy; the author thanks the many colleagues who made critical contributions to the reviewed work: Matt Beard, Joey Luther, Mark Hanna, Justin Johnson, Olga Micic (deceased), Matt Law, Randy Ellingson, Jim Murphy, Sasha Efros, Aaron Midgett, Tavi Semonin, Hugh Hillhouse, Pin-grong Yu, Kelly Knutsen, Barbara Hughes, Rob Ross, and Ferd Williams (deceased). DOE funding was provided to NREL through Contract DE-AC36-086038308. NR 77 TC 233 Z9 239 U1 12 U2 126 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 10 IS 8 BP 2735 EP 2741 DI 10.1021/nl102122x PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 636JO UT WOS:000280728900001 PM 20597472 ER PT J AU Shin, SJ Guzman, J Yuan, CW Liao, CY Boswell-Koller, CN Stone, PR Dubon, OD Minor, AM Watanabe, M Beeman, JW Yu, KM Ager, JW Chrzan, DC Haller, EE AF Shin, S. J. Guzman, J. Yuan, C. -W. Liao, Christopher Y. Boswell-Koller, Cosima N. Stone, P. R. Dubon, O. D. Minor, A. M. Watanabe, Masashi Beeman, Jeffrey W. Yu, K. M. Ager, J. W., III Chrzan, D. C. Haller, E. E. TI Embedded Binary Eutectic Alloy Nanostructures: A New Class of Phase Change Materials SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE phase change; eutectic; information storage; semiconductor nanocrystals; GeSn ID LIQUID-SOLID GROWTH; INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; LAYER EXCHANGE; DIFFUSION; STORAGE; DIAGRAM; FILMS AB Phase change materials are essential to a number of technologies ranging from optical data storage to energy storage and transport applications. This widespread interest has given rise to a substantial effort to develop bulk phase change materials well suited for desired applications. Here, we suggest a novel and complementary approach, the use of binary eutectic alloy nanoparticles embedded within a matrix. Using GeSn nanoparticles embedded in silica as an example, we establish that the presence of a nanoparticle/matrix interface enables one to stabilize both nanobicrystal and homogeneous alloy morphologies. Further, the kinetics of switching between the two morphologies can be tuned simply by altering the composition. C1 [Shin, S. J.; Guzman, J.; Yuan, C. -W.; Liao, Christopher Y.; Boswell-Koller, Cosima N.; Stone, P. R.; Dubon, O. D.; Minor, A. M.; Chrzan, D. C.; Haller, E. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shin, S. J.; Guzman, J.; Yuan, C. -W.; Liao, Christopher Y.; Boswell-Koller, Cosima N.; Stone, P. R.; Dubon, O. D.; Beeman, Jeffrey W.; Yu, K. M.; Ager, J. W., III; Chrzan, D. C.; Haller, E. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Minor, A. M.; Watanabe, Masashi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chrzan, DC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dcchrzan@berkeley.edu RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 FU Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF IGERT; Berkeley Graduate Fellowship; U.S. NSF [DMR-0405472, DMR-0902179]; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-O5CH11231] FX We thank Allyson Aranda and Erik Nelson for their expert support at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL). This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. SJS acknowledges support from NSF IGERT program. J.G. was supported by the Berkeley Graduate Fellowship and U.S. NSF Grant Nos. DMR-0405472 and DMR-0902179. P. R. S. acknowledges fellowship support from the National Science Foundation. Electron microscopy experiments were conducted at the National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-O5CH11231. EXAFS experiments were carried out at SSRL, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 10 IS 8 BP 2794 EP 2798 DI 10.1021/nl100670r PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 636JO UT WOS:000280728900011 PM 20698591 ER PT J AU Choi, DW Wang, DH Bae, IT Xiao, J Nie, ZM Wang, W Viswanathan, VV Lee, YJ Zhang, JG Graff, GL Yang, ZG Liu, J AF Choi, Daiwon Wang, Donghai Bae, In-Tae Xiao, Jie Nie, Zimin Wang, Wei Viswanathan, Vilayanur V. Lee, Yun Jung Zhang, Ji-Guang Graff, Gordon L. Yang, Zhenguo Liu, Jun TI LiMnPO4 Nanoplate Grown via Solid-State Reaction in Molten Hydrocarbon for Li-Ion Battery Cathode SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Li-ion battery; cathode; LiMnPO4; surfactant; nanoplate ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; MANGANESE PHOSPHATE; OLEIC-ACID; ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; MECHANISM; 0-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-X-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-1; NANOCRYSTALS; CARBONATE; PRECURSOR AB Electrochemically active LiMnPO4 nanoplates have been synthesized via a novel, single-step, solid-state reaction in molten hydrocarbon. The olivine-structured LiMnPO4 nanoplates with a thickness of similar to 50 nm appear porous and were formed as nanocrystals were assembled and grew into nanorods along the [010] direction in the (100) plane. After carbon coating, the prepared LiMnPO4 cathode demonstrated a flat potential at 4.1 V versus Li with a specific capacity reaching as high as 168 mAh/g under a galvanostatic charging/discharging mode, along with an excellent cyclability. C1 [Choi, Daiwon; Wang, Donghai; Xiao, Jie; Nie, Zimin; Wang, Wei; Viswanathan, Vilayanur V.; Lee, Yun Jung; Zhang, Ji-Guang; Graff, Gordon L.; Yang, Zhenguo; Liu, Jun] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Bae, In-Tae] SUNY Binghamton, Small Scale Syst Integrat & Packaging Ctr, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. RP Choi, DW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM daiwon.choi@pnl.gov RI Wang, Wei/F-4196-2010; Choi, Daiwon/B-6593-2008; Wang, Donghai/L-1150-2013 OI Wang, Wei/0000-0002-5453-4695; Wang, Donghai/0000-0001-7261-8510 FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability; Office of Vehicle Technologies; DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work is supported by the Laboratory-Directed Research and Development Program of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability and Office of Vehicle Technologies. The transmission electron microscopy investigation was performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. PNNL is a multiprogram laboratory operated for DOE by Battelle under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. HRTEM support from Scale Systems Integration and Packaging (S3IP) Center at SUNY Binghamton was provided by the Empire State Development Corporation. NR 44 TC 231 Z9 244 U1 17 U2 216 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 10 IS 8 BP 2799 EP 2805 DI 10.1021/nl1007085 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 636JO UT WOS:000280728900012 PM 20698592 ER PT J AU Koenigsmann, C Zhou, WP Adzic, RR Sutter, E Wong, SS AF Koenigsmann, Christopher Zhou, Wei-ping Adzic, Radoslav R. Sutter, Eli Wong, Stanislaus S. TI Size-Dependent Enhancement of Electrocatalytic Performance in Relatively Defect-Free, Processed Ultrathin Platinum Nanowires SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Platinum; nanowires; electrocatalysis; oxygen reduction reaction ID OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; FUEL-CELL; KINETIC-PARAMETERS; SURFACES; PT(111); NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOPARTICLES; PERSPECTIVE; ADSORPTION; ELECTRODES AB We report on the synthesis. characterization, and electrocatalytic performance of ultrathin Pt nanowires with a diameter of less than 2 nm. An acid-wash protocol was employed in order to yield highly exfoliated, crystalline nanowires with a diameter of 1.3 +/- 0.4 nm. The electrocatalytic activity of these nanowires toward the oxygen reduction reaction was studied in relation to the activity of both supported and unsupported Pt nanoparticles as well as with previously synthesized Pt nanotubes. Our ultrathin, acid-treated, unsupported nanowires displayed an electrochemical surface area activity of 1.45 mA/cm(2), which was nearly 4 times greater than that of analogous, unsupported platinum nanotubes and 7 times greater than that of commercial supported platinum nanoparticles. C1 [Koenigsmann, Christopher; Wong, Stanislaus S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Zhou, Wei-ping; Adzic, Radoslav R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Sutter, Eli] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Wong, Stanislaus S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wong, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM sswong@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI zhou, weiping/C-6832-2012 OI zhou, weiping/0000-0002-8058-7280 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We acknowledge the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-98CH10886) for facility and personnel (including PI) support and for all electrochemical experiments performed. Moreover, research carried out (in whole or in part, such as the transmission electron microscopy studies) at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, is also supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. S.S.W. also thanks the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation for experimental supplies necessary for the synthesis reactions. NR 38 TC 152 Z9 153 U1 12 U2 89 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 10 IS 8 BP 2806 EP 2811 DI 10.1021/nl100718k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 636JO UT WOS:000280728900013 PM 20608712 ER PT J AU Girard, SN He, JQ Li, CP Moses, S Wang, GY Uher, C Dravid, VP Kanatzidis, MG AF Girard, Steven N. He, Jiaqing Li, Changpeng Moses, Steven Wang, Guoyu Uher, Ctirad Dravid, Vinayak P. Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. TI In Situ Nanostructure Generation and Evolution within a Bulk Thermoelectric Material to Reduce Lattice Thermal Conductivity SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Thermoelectric materials; thermal conductivity; nucleation and growth; semiconductors ID FIGURE-OF-MERIT; SYSTEM PBS-PBTE; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; LEAD CHALCOGENIDES; PHASE-RELATIONS; PERFORMANCE; ALLOYS; GERMANIUM; SILICON; SUPERLATTICES AB We show experimentally the direct reduction in lattice thermal conductivity as a result of in situ nanostructure generation within a thermoelectric material. Solid solution alloys of the high-performance thermoelectric PbTe-PbS 8% can be synthesized through rapid cooling and subsequent high-temperature activation that induces a spontaneous nucleation and growth of PbS nanocrystals. The emergence of coherent PbS nanostructures reduces the lattice thermal conductivity from similar to 1 to similar to 0.4 W/mK between 400 and 500 K. C1 [Girard, Steven N.; He, Jiaqing; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [He, Jiaqing; Dravid, Vinayak P.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Li, Changpeng; Moses, Steven; Wang, Guoyu; Uher, Ctirad] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kanatzidis, MG (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM m-kanatzidis@northwestern.edu RI Dravid, Vinayak/B-6688-2009; He, Jiaqing/A-2245-2010; Wang, Guoyu/A-9544-2011; OI Wang, Guoyu/0000-0003-0431-742X FU Office of Naval Research; NSF-NSEC; NSF-MRSEC; Keck Foundation; State of Illinois; Northwestern University; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001054] FX The authors thank the Office of Naval Research for primary funding for this work. The SEM and TEM work was performed in the EPIC facility of the NUANCE Center at Northwestern University. The NUANCE Center is supported by NSF-NSEC, NSF-MRSEC, Keck Foundation, the State of Illinois, and Northwestern University. Hall measurements at the UM and TEM studies at NU were supported as part of the Revolutionary Materials for Solid State Energy Conversion, an Energy Frontier Research center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001054. NR 44 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 62 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 10 IS 8 BP 2825 EP 2831 DI 10.1021/nl100743q PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 636JO UT WOS:000280728900016 PM 20698594 ER PT J AU Bora, M Fasenfest, BJ Behymer, EM Chang, ASP Nguyen, HT Britten, JA Larson, CC Chan, JW Miles, RR Bond, TC AF Bora, Mihail Fasenfest, Benjamin J. Behymer, Elaine M. Chang, Allan S-P Nguyen, Hoang T. Britten, Jerald A. Larson, Cindy C. Chan, James W. Miles, Robin R. Bond, Tiziana C. TI Plasmon Resonant Cavities in Vertical Nanowire Arrays SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Plasmon; resonant cavity; nanowire; metal-dielectric-metal ID WAVE-GUIDES; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION AB We investigate tunable plasmon resonant cavity arrays in paired parallel nanowire waveguides. Resonances are observed when the waveguide length is an odd multiple of quarter plasmon wavelengths, consistent with boundary conditions of node and antinode at the ends. Two nanowire waveguides satisfy the dispersion relation of a planar metal-dielectric-metal waveguide of equivalent width equal to the square field average weighted gap. Confinement factors over 10(3) are possible due to plasmon focusing in the interwire space. C1 [Bora, Mihail; Fasenfest, Benjamin J.; Behymer, Elaine M.; Chang, Allan S-P; Nguyen, Hoang T.; Britten, Jerald A.; Larson, Cindy C.; Chan, James W.; Miles, Robin R.; Bond, Tiziana C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bora, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bora1@llnl.gov; bond7@llnl.gov RI Chan, James/J-3829-2014 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-425128]; DARPA SERS ST Fundamentals FX The authors thank Nick Teslich and Ed Sedillio for their help on the preparation of the SEM samples. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-425128. We acknowledge support from DARPA SERS S&T Fundamentals. NR 23 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 10 IS 8 BP 2832 EP 2837 DI 10.1021/nl1008376 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 636JO UT WOS:000280728900017 PM 20698595 ER PT J AU Zhang, JF Ge, JC Shultz, MD Chung, EN Singh, G Shu, CY Fatouros, PP Henderson, SC Corwin, FD Geohegan, DB Puretzky, AA Rouleau, CM More, K Rylander, C Rylander, MN Gibson, HW Dorn, HC AF Zhang, Jianfei Ge, Jiechao Shultz, Michael D. Chung, Eunna Singh, Gurpreet Shu, Chunying Fatouros, Panos P. Henderson, Scott C. Corwin, Frank D. Geohegan, David B. Puretzky, Alex A. Rouleau, Christopher M. More, Karren Rylander, Christopher Rylander, Marissa Nichole Gibson, Harry W. Dorn, Harry C. TI In Vitro and in Vivo Studies of Single-Walled Carbon Nanohorns with Encapsulated Metallofullerenes and Exohedrally Functionalized Quantum Dots SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Carbon nanohorns; peapods; quantum dots; in vitro; in vivo ID MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLES; DRUG CARRIERS; NANOTUBES; SOLUBILIZATION; CONJUGATE; CISPLATIN; TOXICITY; RELEASE AB Single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) are new carbonaceous materials. In this paper, we report the first successful preparation of SWNHs encapsulating trimetallic nitride template endohedral metallofullerenes (TNT-EMFs). The resultant materials were functionalized by a high-speed vibration milling method and conjugated with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). The successful encapsulation of TNT-EMFs and external functionalization with QDs provide a dual diagnostic platform for in vitro and in vivo biomedical applications of these new carbonaceous materials. C1 [Zhang, Jianfei; Ge, Jiechao; Shu, Chunying; Gibson, Harry W.; Dorn, Harry C.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Chung, Eunna; Rylander, Christopher; Rylander, Marissa Nichole] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Chung, Eunna; Rylander, Christopher; Rylander, Marissa Nichole] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Sch Biomed Engn & Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Singh, Gurpreet] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Inst Crit Technol & Appl Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Shultz, Michael D.; Fatouros, Panos P.; Corwin, Frank D.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Radiol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. [Henderson, Scott C.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. [Geohegan, David B.; Puretzky, Alex A.; Rouleau, Christopher M.; More, Karren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Geohegan, David B.; Puretzky, Alex A.; Rouleau, Christopher M.; More, Karren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SHARE Facil, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dorn, HC (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM hdorn@vt.edu RI Zhang, Jianfei/D-7749-2012; Singh, Gurpreet/J-9083-2012; Dorn, Harry/K-6830-2013; Rylander, Chris /F-2454-2014; Rylander, Marissa Nichole/F-2455-2014; Rouleau, Christopher/Q-2737-2015; More, Karren/A-8097-2016; Puretzky, Alexander/B-5567-2016; Geohegan, David/D-3599-2013; OI Rouleau, Christopher/0000-0002-5488-3537; More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097; Puretzky, Alexander/0000-0002-9996-4429; Geohegan, David/0000-0003-0273-3139; Henderson, Scott/0000-0002-1076-3867 FU National Institutes of Health [1 R2 1 CAI35230-01, CAI19371]; U.S. Department of Energy, BES-DSUF; U.S. Department of Energy, BES-DMSE; NIH-NINDS Center Core [5P30NS047463] FX This work was partially funded by the National Institutes of Health Grants 1 R2 1 CAI35230-01 and CAI19371. User research at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and SHaRE Facility at ORNL sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, BES-DSUF. Nanohorn synthesis science funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, BES-DMSE. Confocal microscopy was performed at the VCU-Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy Microscopy Facility, supported, in part, with funding from NIH-NINDS Center Core Grant 5P30NS047463. NR 37 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 10 IS 8 BP 2843 EP 2848 DI 10.1021/nl1008635 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 636JO UT WOS:000280728900019 PM 20698597 ER PT J AU Swaraj, S Wang, C Yan, HP Watts, B Jan, LN McNeill, CR Ade, H AF Swaraj, Sufal Wang, Cheng Yan, Hongping Watts, Benjamin Jan Luening McNeill, Christopher R. Ade, Harald TI Nanomorphology of Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaic Thin Films Probed with Resonant Soft X-ray Scattering SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Polymer blends; X-ray scattering; organic solar cells; morphology ID POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; NANOSCALE MORPHOLOGY; CHARGE GENERATION; PHASE-SEPARATION; BLENDS; PERFORMANCE; DEVICES; ORGANIZATION; PHOTODIODES; MICROSCOPY AB The bulk nanomorphology of organic bulk heterojunction devices, particularly of all-polymer devices, is difficult to characterize due to limited electron density contrast between constituent materials. Resonant soft X-ray scattering can overcome this problem and is used to show that the morphologies in chloroform cast and subsequently annealed polylluorene copolymer poly(9,9'-dioctylfluorene-co-bis(N-N'(4,butylphenyl))bis(N,N'-phenyl-1,4-phenylene)diamine) (PFB) and poly(9,9'-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) blends exhibit a hierarchy of length scales with impure domains in as-cast films. With annealing, these domains first become purer at the smallest length scale and only then evolve in size with annealing. Even optimized cells using present fabrication methods are found to have a dominant domain size much larger than the exciton diffusion length. The observed morphology is Far from ideal for efficient solar cell operation and very different front those achieved in high-efficiency fullerene-based devices. This strongly implies that lack of morphological control contributes to the relatively poor performance of the all-polymer PFB/F8BT devices and may be problematic for all-polymer devices in general. Novel processing strategies will have to be employed to harness the full potential these high open circuit voltage devices offer. C1 [McNeill, Christopher R.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Dept Phys, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Swaraj, Sufal; Yan, Hongping; Watts, Benjamin; Ade, Harald] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Wang, Cheng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jan Luening] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Swaraj, Sufal] Synchrotron SOLEIL, F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Watts, Benjamin] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Jan Luening] Univ Paris 06, Chim Phys Lab, F-75005 Paris, France. RP McNeill, CR (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Dept Phys, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. EM crm51@cam.ac.uk; harald_ade@ncsu.edu RI McNeill, Christopher/B-4530-2008; Wang, Cheng /E-7399-2012; Swaraj, Sufal/E-4407-2010; Ade, Harald/E-7471-2011; YAN, HONGPING/N-7549-2013; Wang, Cheng/A-9815-2014; OI McNeill, Christopher/0000-0001-5221-878X; Swaraj, Sufal/0000-0001-7351-2320; YAN, HONGPING/0000-0001-6235-4523; Watts, Benjamin/0000-0003-2330-2338 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DE-FG02-98ER45737]; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science; EPSRC; W. Schlotter (while at Stanford University) FX Work by NCSU was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Science and Engineering for support under Contract DE-FG02-98ER45737. ALS is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science. Portions of this research were carried out at SSRL (BL 5-2), a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science. C.R.M. acknowledges the EPSRC for provision of an Advanced Research Fellowship. The authors are thankful to E. Gullikson (CXRO, LBNL), A. L. D. Kilcoyne (ALS), and W. Schlotter (while at Stanford University) for support during these experiments. The authors also thank Cambridge Display Technology Ltd. for supply of PFB and F8BT. NR 42 TC 115 Z9 116 U1 6 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 10 IS 8 BP 2863 EP 2869 DI 10.1021/nl1009266 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 636JO UT WOS:000280728900022 PM 20590125 ER PT J AU Beard, MC Midgett, AG Hanna, MC Luther, JM Hughes, BK Nozik, AJ AF Beard, Matthew C. Midgett, Aaron G. Hanna, Mark C. Luther, Joseph M. Hughes, Barbara K. Nozik, Arthur J. TI Comparing Multiple Exciton Generation in Quantum Dots To Impact Ionization in Bulk Semiconductors: Implications for Enhancement of Solar Energy Conversion SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Multiple exciton generation; carrier multiplication; solar energy conversion; semiconductor nanocrystals; quantum dots ID EFFICIENCY CARRIER MULTIPLICATION; ELECTRON RELAXATION; COLLOIDAL PBSE; NANOCRYSTALS; DEPENDENCE; SCATTERING; DYNAMICS; CELLS; LIMIT; GAAS AB Multiple excitor) generation (MEG) in quantum dots (QDs) and impact ionization (II) in bulk semiconductors are processes that describe producing more than one electron hole pair per absorbed photon. We derive expressions for the proper way to compare MEG in QDs with II in bulk semiconductors and argue that there are important differences in the photophysics between bulk semiconductors and QDs. Our analysis demonstrates that the fundamental unit of energy required to produce each electron hole pair in a given QD is the band gap energy. We find that the efficiency of the multiplication process increases by at least 2 in PbSe QDs compared to bulk PbSe, while the competition between cooling and multiplication favors multiplication by a factor of 3 in QDs. We also demonstrate that power conversion efficiencies in QD solar cells exhibiting MEG can greatly exceed conversion efficiencies of their bulk counterparts, especially if the MEG threshold energy can be reduced toward twice the QD band gap energy, which requires a further increase in the MEG efficiency. Finally, we discuss the research challenges associated with achieving the maximum benefit of MEG in solar energy conversion since we show the threshold and efficiency are mathematically related. C1 [Beard, Matthew C.; Midgett, Aaron G.; Hanna, Mark C.; Luther, Joseph M.; Hughes, Barbara K.; Nozik, Arthur J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Basic Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Midgett, Aaron G.; Hughes, Barbara K.; Nozik, Arthur J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Beard, MC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Basic Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM matt.beard@nrel.gov RI Nozik, Arthur/A-1481-2012; Nozik, Arthur/P-2641-2016; OI BEARD, MATTHEW/0000-0002-2711-1355 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences in the Office or Basic Energy Sciences of the Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; DOE [AC36-086038308] FX We acknowledge helpful comments and discussion with Octavi Semonin and Justin Johnson. We thank Randy Ellingson for careful reading of the manuscript and discussion. M.C.B. and A.G.M. gratefully acknowledge funding from the Solar Photochemistry program within the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences in the Office or Basic Energy Sciences of the Department of Energy. M.C.H., J.M.L., B.K.H., and A.J.N. were supported as part of the Center for Advanced Solar Photophysics, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. DOE funding was provided to NREL through Contract DE-AC36-086038308 NR 53 TC 188 Z9 189 U1 3 U2 84 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 10 IS 8 BP 3019 EP 3027 DI 10.1021/nl101490z PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 636JO UT WOS:000280728900048 PM 20698615 ER PT J AU Christensen, ST Feng, H Libera, JL Guo, N Miller, JT Stair, PC Elam, JW AF Christensen, Steven T. Feng, Hao Libera, Joseph L. Guo, Neng Miller, Jeffrey T. Stair, Peter C. Elam, Jeffrey W. TI Supported Ru-Pt Bimetallic Nanoparticle Catalysts Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Atomic layer deposition; platinum; ruthenium; bimetallic catalysts ID THIN-FILMS; CARBON AEROGELS; FUEL-CELLS; OXIDATION; PLATINUM; PALLADIUM; MEMBRANES; ALUMINA; GROWTH; OXYGEN AB Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is used to deposit ruthenium-platinum nanostructured catalysts using 2,4-(dimethylpentadienyl)(ethylcyclopentadienyl) ruthenium, trimethyl(methylcyclopentadienyl) platinum, and oxygen as precursors. Transmission electron microscopy shows discrete 1.2 nm nanoparticles decorating the surface of the spherical alumina support. The Ru-Pt particles are crystalline and have a crystal structure similar to pure platinum. X-ray fluorescence measurements show that the nanoparticle composition is controlled by the ratio of metal precursor ALD cycles. X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Ru K-edge indicates a nearest neighbor Ru-Pt interaction consistent with a bimetallic composition. Methanol decomposition reactions further confirm a Ru-Pt interaction and show enhanced methanol conversion for the bimetallic nanoparticles when compared to catalysts comprised of a mixture of pure Pt and Ru nanoparticles of similar loading. These results demonstrate that ALD is a viable technique for synthesizing mixed-metal nanostructures suitable for catalysis and other applications. C1 [Christensen, Steven T.; Feng, Hao; Libera, Joseph L.; Guo, Neng; Miller, Jeffrey T.; Stair, Peter C.; Elam, Jeffrey W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Stair, Peter C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Elam, JW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jelam@anl.gov RI BM, MRCAT/G-7576-2011; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Guo, Neng/A-3223-2013 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [YN-19-01-000]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Department of Energy; MRCAT FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Industrial Technologies Program under contract YN-19-01-000. X-ray absorption measurements were performed at the insertion-device beamline of the Materials Research Collaborative Access Team (MR-CAT) at the Advanced Photon Source located within the Argonne National Laboratory. Use of the APS was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC. MRCAT operations are supported by the Department of Energy and the MRCAT member institutions. NR 31 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 18 U2 150 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 10 IS 8 BP 3047 EP 3051 DI 10.1021/nl101567m PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 636JO UT WOS:000280728900052 PM 20698618 ER PT J AU Kim, TH Zhang, XG Nicholson, DM Evans, BM Kulkarni, NS Radhakrishnan, B Kenik, EA Li, AP AF Kim, Tae-Hwan Zhang, X. -G. Nicholson, Don M. Evans, Boyd M. Kulkarni, Nagraj S. Radhakrishnan, B. Kenik, Edward A. Li, An-Ping TI Large Discrete Resistance Jump at Grain Boundary in Copper Nanowire SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Grain boundary; resistance; copper; interconnect; four-probe measurement; scanning tunneling microscope ID ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; METALLIC-FILMS; CONDUCTIVITY; INTERCONNECTS; TRANSMISSION; MULTILAYERS; REFLECTION; DIMENSIONS; TRANSPORT; MODEL AB Copper is the current interconnect metal of choice in integrated circuits. As interconnect dimensions decrease, the resistivity of copper increases dramatically because or electron scattering from surfaces, impurities, and grain boundaries (GBs) and threatens to stymie continued device scaling. Lacking direct measurements of individual scattering sources, understanding of the relative importance of these scattering mechanisms has largely relied on semiempirical modeling. Here we present the first ever attempt to measure and calculate individual GB resistances in copper nanowires with a one-to-one correspondence to the GB structure. Large resistance jumps are directly measured at the random GBs with a value far greater than at coincidence GBs and first-principles calculations. The high resistivity of the random GB appears to be intrinsic, arising from the scaling of electron mean free path with the size of the lattice relaxation region. The striking impact of random GB scattering adds vital information for understanding nanoscale conductors. C1 [Kim, Tae-Hwan; Zhang, X. -G.; Nicholson, Don M.; Evans, Boyd M.; Radhakrishnan, B.; Kenik, Edward A.; Li, An-Ping] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kulkarni, Nagraj S.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Li, AP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM apli@ornl.gov RI Kim, Tae-Hwan/A-5636-2010; Li, An-Ping/B-3191-2012 OI Kim, Tae-Hwan/0000-0001-5328-0913; Li, An-Ping/0000-0003-4400-7493 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy; Division of Scientific User Facilities; Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; U.S. Department of Energy FX The authors thank Boyan Boyanov (Intel Corporation) for providing electroplated copper wafers. This research was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy B.M.E., N.S.K., and BR.) and the Division of Scientific User Facilities (X.-G.Z., E.A.K., and A.-P.L.) and the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering (D.M.N.), U.S. Department of Energy. Sample preparation was performed at the Nanoscale Science and Technology Lab at ORNL. NR 26 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 10 IS 8 BP 3096 EP 3100 DI 10.1021/nl101734h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 636JO UT WOS:000280728900061 PM 20608715 ER PT J AU Yeh, HC Sharma, J Han, JJ Martinez, JS Werner, JH AF Yeh, Hsin-Chih Sharma, Jaswinder Han, Jason J. Martinez, Jennifer S. Werner, James H. TI A DNA-Silver Nanocluster Probe That Fluoresces upon Hybridization SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Noble metal fluorescent nanoclusters; nucleic acid detection; separation-free probes; nanobiosensors ID PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; SINGLE-MOLECULE LEVEL; LIVING CELLS; DYES; KINETICS; BEACONS; PROTEIN; BASE AB DNA-templated silver nanoclusters (DNA/Ag NCs) are an emerging set of fluorophores that are smaller than semiconductor quantum dots and can have better photostability and brightness than commonly used organic dyes. Here we find the red fluorescence of DNA/Ag NCs can be enhanced 500-fold when placed in proximity to guanine-rich DNA sequences. On the basis of this new phenomenon, we have designed a DNA detection probe (NanoCluster Beacon, NCB) that "lights up" upon target binding. Since NCBs do not rely on Forster energy transfer for quenching, they can easily reach high (>100) signal-to-background ratios (SIB ratios) upon target binding. Here, in a separation-free assay, we demonstrate NCB detection of an influenza target with a S/B ratio of 175, a factor of 5 better than a conventional molecular beacon probe. Since the observed fluorescence enhancement is caused by intrinsic nucleobases, our detection technique is simple, inexpensive, and compatible with commercial DNA synthesizers. C1 [Yeh, Hsin-Chih; Sharma, Jaswinder; Han, Jason J.; Martinez, Jennifer S.; Werner, James H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Martinez, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jenm@lanl.gov; jwerner@lanl.gov OI Werner, James/0000-0002-7616-8913 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD); U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work was supported through Los Alamos National Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) and was performed at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory (Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396). The authors would like to thank N. Doggett, P. Dighe, and M. Neidig for their equipment and data analysis support. NR 36 TC 290 Z9 291 U1 31 U2 297 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 10 IS 8 BP 3106 EP 3110 DI 10.1021/nl101773c PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 636JO UT WOS:000280728900063 PM 20698624 ER PT J AU Yang, SY Prendergast, D Neaton, JB AF Yang, Shenyuan Prendergast, David Neaton, Jeffrey B. TI Strain-Induced Band Gap Modification in Coherent Core/Shell Nanostructures SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Core-shell nanostructures; anisotropic strain; quantum confinement; band gap; density functional theory ID QUANTUM DOTS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; CDSE-NANORODS; NANOCRYSTALS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SEMICONDUCTORS; RELAXATION; SURFACES AB Using first-principles calculations within density functional theory, we study the relative impacts of quantum confinement and strain on the electronic structure of two II-VI semiconductor compounds with a large lattice-mismatch, CdSe and CdTe, in core/shell nanowire geometries with different core radii and shell thicknesses. For fixed CdSe core radius, we find that the electronic band gap in the core is significantly reduced with increasing CdTe shell thickness, by an amount comparable to that expected From quantum confinement, due to the development of a large and highly anisotropic strain throughout the heterostructure. A straightforward analysis allows us to separate quantitatively changes in band gap due to quantum confinement and strain. Our studies elucidate and quantify the importance of strain in determining the electronic and optical properties of core/shell nanostructures. C1 [Yang, Shenyuan; Prendergast, David; Neaton, Jeffrey B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Prendergast, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dgprendergast@lbl.gov; jbneaton@lbl.gov RI Neaton, Jeffrey/F-8578-2015 OI Neaton, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7585-6135 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was performed at the Molecular Foundry and within the Helios Solar Energy Research Center, both supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. All calculations were performed on the Nano and Lawrencium compute clusters at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and on Franklin at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC). NR 37 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 63 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 10 IS 8 BP 3156 EP 3162 DI 10.1021/nl101999p PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 636JO UT WOS:000280728900071 PM 20698631 ER PT J AU Toyli, DM Weis, CD Fuchs, GD Schenkel, T Awschalom, DD AF Toyli, David M. Weis, Christoph D. Fuchs, Gregory D. Schenkel, Thomas Awschalom, David D. TI Chip-Scale Nanofabrication of Single Spins and Spin Arrays in Diamond SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Single spin; quantum computation; spintronics; nitrogen vacancy; diamond; ion implantation ID DYNAMICS; DEFECT AB We demonstrate a technique to nanofabricate nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond based on broad-beam nitrogen implantation through apertures in electron beam lithography resist. This method enables high-throughput nanofabrication of single NV centers on sub-100-nm length scales. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements facilitate depth profiling of the implanted nitrogen to provide three-dimensional characterization of the NV center spatial distribution. Measurements of NV center coherence with on-chip coplanar waveguides suggest a pathway for incorporating this scalable nanofabrication technique in future quantum applications. C1 [Toyli, David M.; Fuchs, Gregory D.; Awschalom, David D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Spintron & Quantum Computat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Weis, Christoph D.; Schenkel, Thomas] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ion Beam Technol Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Awschalom, DD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Spintron & Quantum Computat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM awsch@physics.ucsb.edu FU AFOSR; ARC; DARPA; US Department of Energy [DEAC0205CH11231] FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the AFOSR, ARC, and DARPA. A portion of this work was done in the UCSB nanofabrication facility, part of the NSF funded NNIN network. Work at LBNL was done under the auspices of the US Department of Energy under Contract DEAC0205CH11231. The authors thank K. Ohno for useful discussions. NR 30 TC 124 Z9 124 U1 3 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 10 IS 8 BP 3168 EP 3172 DI 10.1021/nl102066q PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 636JO UT WOS:000280728900073 PM 20698632 ER PT J AU Allen, MJ Rudd, RE McElfresh, MW Balhorn, R AF Allen, Michael J. Rudd, Robert E. McElfresh, Mike W. Balhorn, Rod TI Time-dependent measure of a nanoscale force-pulse driven by the axonemal dynein motors in individual live sperm cells SO NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Cantilever; Flagellum; Motility; Sensor; Propulsion ID OUTER DOUBLET MICROTUBULES; SEA-URCHIN SPERM; MICROSCOPE; FLAGELLA; SPERMATOZOA; MOLECULES; MOVEMENT; VELOCITY; ARMS AB Nanoscale mechanical forces generated by motor proteins are crucial to normal cellular and organismal functioning. The ability to measure and exploit such forces is important to developing motile biomimetic nanodevices powered by biological motors for nanomedicine. Axonemal dynein motors positioned inside the sperm flagellum drive microtubule sliding and give rise to rhythmic beating. This force-generating action pushes the sperm cell through viscous media. Here we report new nanoscale information on how the propulsive force is generated by the sperm flagellum and how this force varies over time. Using a modified atomic force microscope, single-cell recordings reveal discrete similar to 50-ms pulses oscillating with amplitude 9.8 +/- 2.6 nN independent of pulse frequency (3.5-19.5 Hz). The average work carried out by each cell is 4.6 x 10(-16) J per pulse, equivalent to the hydrolysis of similar to 5500 molecules of adenosine triphosphate. The mechanochemical coupling at each active dynein head is similar to 2.2 pN per adenosine triphosphate molecule and similar to 3.9 pN per dynein arm. From the Clinical Editor: In this paper, nanoscale mechanical forces generated by axonemal dynein motors derived from sperm flagellum are examined and reported. These motor proteins are crucial to normal cellular and organismal functioning. The ability to measure and exploit such forces is important to developing motile biomimetic nanodevices powered by biological motors for nanomedicine. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Allen, Michael J.] Biometrology, Alameda, CA USA. [Rudd, Robert E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Livermore, CA USA. [McElfresh, Mike W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Balhorn, Rod] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci & Biotechnol Div, Livermore, CA USA. RP Allen, MJ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Sect Pulm & Crit Care, Ctr Nanomed, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM allen1@uchicago.edu OI Rudd, Robert/0000-0002-6632-2681 FU Biometrology; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed through support from Biometrology to M.J.A.; and to R. E. R., M. W. M., and R. B. from the U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1549-9634 J9 NANOMED-NANOTECHNOL JI Nanomed.-Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 6 IS 4 BP 510 EP 515 DI 10.1016/j.nano.2009.12.003 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 634TP UT WOS:000280608700003 PM 20060073 ER PT J AU Ptacin, JL Lee, SF Garner, EC Toro, E Eckart, M Comolli, LR Moerner, W Shapiro, L AF Ptacin, Jerod L. Lee, Steven F. Garner, Ethan C. Toro, Esteban Eckart, Michael Comolli, Luis R. Moerner, We. Shapiro, Lucy TI A spindle-like apparatus guides bacterial chromosome segregation SO NATURE CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA SEGREGATION; CAULOBACTER-CRESCENTUS; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; PARTITIONING PROTEIN; PLASMID SEGREGATION; F-PLASMID; BINDING; CELL; SOPA; PARB AB Until recently, a dedicated mitotic apparatus that segregates newly replicated chromosomes into daughter cells was believed to be unique to eukaryotic cells. Here we demonstrate that the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus segregates its chromosome using a partitioning (Par) apparatus that has surprising similarities to eukaryotic spindles. We show that the C. crescentus ATPase ParA forms linear polymers in vitro and assembles into a narrow linear structure in vivo. The centromere-binding protein ParB binds to and destabilizes ParA structures in vitro. We propose that this ParB-stimulated ParA depolymerization activity moves the centromere to the opposite cell pole through a burnt bridge Brownian ratchet mechanism. Finally, we identify the pole-specific TipN protein(1,2) as a new component of the Par system that is required to maintain the directionality of DNA transfer towards the new cell pole. Our results elucidate a bacterial chromosome segregation mechanism that features basic operating principles similar to eukaryotic mitotic machines, including a multivalent protein complex at the centromere that stimulates the dynamic disassembly of polymers to move chromosomes into daughter compartments. C1 [Ptacin, Jerod L.; Toro, Esteban; Shapiro, Lucy] Stanford Univ, Dept Dev Biol, Sch Med, Beckman Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lee, Steven F.; Moerner, We.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Garner, Ethan C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Syst Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Eckart, Michael] Stanford Univ, Stanford Prot & Nucle Acid Facil, Sch Med, Beckman Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Comolli, Luis R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shapiro, L (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Dev Biol, Sch Med, Beckman Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM shapiro@stanford.edu RI Moerner, William/C-3260-2008; Garner, Ethan/J-4025-2014 OI Moerner, William/0000-0002-2830-209X; Garner, Ethan/0000-0003-0141-3555 FU National Institutes of Health [R01 GM51426 R24, GM073011-04d]; NIH/NIGMS [F32GM088966-1, R01GM086196-2]; Smith Stanford Graduate Fellowship; Helen Hay Whitney postdoctoral fellowship; Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Jimmy Blair for assistance with modelling of ParA mutants, and critical reading of the manuscript; and Grant Bowman, Erin Goley and Julie Biteen for technical advice. We thank Jian Zhu and Thomas Earnest for providing purified 6His-ParB. This work is supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01 GM51426 R24 and GM073011-04d to L.S., NIH/NIGMS fellowship F32GM088966-1 to LP., NIH/NIGMS award R01GM086196-2 to W.E.M., the Smith Stanford Graduate Fellowship to E.T., and a Helen Hay Whitney postdoctoral fellowship to E.G. This work was also supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 41 TC 175 Z9 179 U1 2 U2 37 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1465-7392 J9 NAT CELL BIOL JI Nat. Cell Biol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 12 IS 8 BP 791 EP U46 DI 10.1038/ncb2083 PG 16 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 634EF UT WOS:000280561600011 PM 20657594 ER PT J AU Bao, GH Clifton, M Hoette, TM Mori, K Deng, SX Qiu, AD Viltard, M Williams, D Paragas, N Leete, T Kulkarni, R Li, XP Lee, B Kalandadze, A Ratner, AJ Pizarro, JC Schmidt-Ott, KM Landry, DW Raymond, KN Strong, RK Barasch, J AF Bao, Guanhu Clifton, Matthew Hoette, Trisha M. Mori, Kiyoshi Deng, Shi-Xian Qiu, Andong Viltard, Melanie Williams, David Paragas, Neal Leete, Thomas Kulkarni, Ritwij Li, Xiangpo Lee, Belinda Kalandadze, Avtandil Ratner, Adam J. Pizarro, Juan Carlos Schmidt-Ott, Kai M. Landry, Donald W. Raymond, Kenneth N. Strong, Roland K. Barasch, Jonathan TI Iron traffics in circulation bound to a siderocalin (Ngal)-catechol complex SO NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GELATINASE-ASSOCIATED LIPOCALIN; ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY; RENAL INJURY; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; TRANSFERRIN-IRON; SIMPLE PHENOLS; HUMAN-URINE; CATECHOL; RECEPTOR; INFECTION AB The lipocalins are secreted proteins that bind small organic molecules. Scn-Ngal (also known as neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin, siderocalin, lipocalin 2) sequesters bacterial iron chelators, called siderophores, and consequently blocks bacterial growth. However, Scn-Ngal is also prominently expressed in aseptic diseases, implying that it binds additional ligands and serves additional functions. Using chemical screens, crystallography and fluorescence methods, we report that Scn-Ngal binds iron together with a small metabolic product called catechol. The formation of the complex blocked the reactivity of iron and permitted its transport once introduced into circulation in vivo. Scn-Ngal then recycled its iron in endosomes by a pH-sensitive mechanism. As catechols derive from bacterial and mammalian metabolism of dietary compounds, the Scn-Ngal-catechol-Fe(III) complex represents an unforeseen microbial-host interaction, which mimics Scn-Ngal-siderophore interactions but instead traffics iron in aseptic tissues. These results identify an endogenous siderophore, which may link the disparate roles of Scn-Ngal in different diseases. C1 [Bao, Guanhu; Deng, Shi-Xian; Qiu, Andong; Viltard, Melanie; Williams, David; Paragas, Neal; Leete, Thomas; Kulkarni, Ritwij; Li, Xiangpo; Lee, Belinda; Kalandadze, Avtandil; Ratner, Adam J.; Landry, Donald W.; Barasch, Jonathan] Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Clifton, Matthew; Pizarro, Juan Carlos; Strong, Roland K.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Hoette, Trisha M.; Raymond, Kenneth N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hoette, Trisha M.; Raymond, Kenneth N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mori, Kiyoshi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Kyoto, Japan. [Schmidt-Ott, Kai M.] Max Delbruck Ctr Mol Med, Berlin, Germany. RP Barasch, J (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM rstrong@fhcrc.org; jmb4@columbia.edu OI Ratner, Adam/0000-0003-1761-794X; Mori, Kiyoshi/0000-0002-7285-8351; Paragas, Neal/0000-0001-6084-8220 FU US National Institutes of Health [AI117448, AI59432, DK-55388, DK-58872]; Emerald Foundation; March of Dimes FX We thank R. Abergel, A. Zawadzka and Q. Al-Awqati for helpful discussion. We are grateful to the Gordon lab (Washington University) for gnotobiotic urines and E. I. Christensen (Aarhus University) and T. E. Willnow (Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine) for megalin knockout urines. We salute the classes of 2010 and 2013 of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University for donating urine for this study. This work was supported by US National Institutes of Health grants AI117448 (K.N.R.), AI59432 (R.K.S.) and the Emerald Foundation, the March of Dimes and US National Institutes of Health grants DK-55388 and DK-58872 (J.B.). NR 48 TC 139 Z9 145 U1 6 U2 41 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1552-4450 J9 NAT CHEM BIOL JI Nat. Chem. Biol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 6 IS 8 BP 602 EP 609 DI 10.1038/NCHEMBIO.402 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 628EG UT WOS:000280096600011 PM 20581821 ER PT J AU Woolf, D Amonette, JE Street-Perrott, FA Lehmann, J Joseph, S AF Woolf, Dominic Amonette, James E. Street-Perrott, F. Alayne Lehmann, Johannes Joseph, Stephen TI Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID BLACK CARBON; EMISSIONS; BIOENERGY; BIOFUELS; BIOMASS; ENERGY; SOIL; SEQUESTRATION AB Production of biochar (the carbon (C)-rich solid formed by pyrolysis of biomass) and its storage in soils have been suggested as a means of abating climate change by sequestering carbon, while simultaneously providing energy and increasing crop yields. Substantial uncertainties exist, however, regarding the impact, capacity and sustainability of biochar at the global level. In this paper we estimate the maximum sustainable technical potential of biochar to mitigate climate change. Annual net emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and nitrous oxide could be reduced by a maximum of 1.8Pg CO2-C equivalent (CO2-C-e) per year (12% of current anthropogenic CO2-C-e emissions; 1Pg = 1Gt), and total net emissions over the course of a century by 130 Pg CO2-C-e, without endangering food security, habitat or soil conservation. Biochar has a larger climate-change mitigation potential than combustion of the same sustainably procured biomass for bioenergy, except when fertile soils are amended while coal is the fuel being offset. C1 [Amonette, James E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Woolf, Dominic; Street-Perrott, F. Alayne] Swansea Univ, Sch Environm & Soc, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Lehmann, Johannes] Cornell Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Joseph, Stephen] Univ New S Wales, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP Amonette, JE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jim.amonette@pnl.gov RI Lehmann, Johannes/H-2682-2014 OI Lehmann, Johannes/0000-0002-4701-2936 FU Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC); United States' Department of Energy (USDOE) Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Science Division, Mitigation Science Focus Area; USDOE Office of Fossil Energy; Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; Cooperative State Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture; New York State Energy Research and Development Authority; VenEarth Group LLC FX D.W. and F.A.S.-P. acknowledge support from the United Kingdom's Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC). J.E.A. acknowledges support from the United States' Department of Energy (USDOE) Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Science Division, Mitigation Science Focus Area and from the USDOE Office of Fossil Energy, Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration Program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the USDOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. J.L. acknowledges support from the Cooperative State Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and from the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. S.J. acknowledges support from VenEarth Group LLC. NR 41 TC 401 Z9 452 U1 85 U2 553 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 1 AR 56 DI 10.1038/ncomms1053 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 673FV UT WOS:000283645400007 PM 20975722 ER PT J AU Arneth, A Harrison, SP Zaehle, S Tsigaridis, K Menon, S Bartlein, PJ Feichter, J Korhola, A Kulmala, M O'Donnell, D Schurgers, G Sorvari, S Vesala, T AF Arneth, A. Harrison, S. P. Zaehle, S. Tsigaridis, K. Menon, S. Bartlein, P. J. Feichter, J. Korhola, A. Kulmala, M. O'Donnell, D. Schurgers, G. Sorvari, S. Vesala, T. TI Terrestrial biogeochemical feedbacks in the climate system SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Review ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; CARBON-NITROGEN INTERACTIONS; PAST 800,000 YEARS; ATMOSPHERIC CH4; EARTH-SYSTEM; ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; PARTICLE FORMATION; METHANE EMISSIONS; ORGANIC AEROSOLS; BLACK CARBON AB The terrestrial biosphere is a key regulator of atmospheric chemistry and climate. During past periods of climate change, vegetation cover and interactions between the terrestrial biosphere and atmosphere changed within decades. Modern observations show a similar responsiveness of terrestrial biogeochemistry to anthropogenically forced climate change and air pollution. Although interactions between the carbon cycle and climate have been a central focus, other biogeochemical feedbacks could be as important in modulating future climate change. Total positive radiative forcings resulting from feedbacks between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere are estimated to reach up to 0.9 or 1.5 W m(-2) K-1 towards the end of the twenty-first century, depending on the extent to which interactions with the nitrogen cycle stimulate or limit carbon sequestration. This substantially reduces and potentially even eliminates the cooling effect owing to carbon dioxide fertilization of the terrestrial biota. The overall magnitude of the biogeochemical feedbacks could potentially be similar to that of feedbacks in the physical climate system, but there are large uncertainties in the magnitude of individual estimates and in accounting for synergies between these effects. C1 [Arneth, A.; Schurgers, G.] Lund Univ, Dept Earth & Ecosyst Sci, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Arneth, A.; Kulmala, M.; Sorvari, S.; Vesala, T.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Harrison, S. P.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Harrison, S. P.] Macquarie Univ, Sch Biol Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. [Zaehle, S.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Dept Biogeochem Syst, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Tsigaridis, K.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Tsigaridis, K.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [Menon, S.] LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bartlein, P. J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Feichter, J.; O'Donnell, D.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Korhola, A.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Environm Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Arneth, A (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Solvegatan 12, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. EM Almut.arneth@nateko.lu.se RI Bartlein, Patrick/E-4643-2011; Schurgers, Guy/K-6543-2012; Tsigaridis, Kostas/K-8292-2012; Arneth, Almut/B-2702-2013; Kulmala, Markku/I-7671-2016; Vesala, Timo/C-3795-2017; Zaehle, Sonke/C-9528-2017; OI Bartlein, Patrick/0000-0001-7657-5685; Schurgers, Guy/0000-0002-2189-1995; Tsigaridis, Kostas/0000-0001-5328-819X; Kulmala, Markku/0000-0003-3464-7825; Vesala, Timo/0000-0002-4852-7464; Zaehle, Sonke/0000-0001-5602-7956; Harrison, Sandy/0000-0001-5687-1903 FU Finnish Cultural Foundation; Academy of Finland; Swedish research councils VR; Swedish research councils Formas; EC [MRTN-CT- 2004-512464]; NASA; DOE ASR program; US NSF; [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors acknowledge the Integrated Land Ecosystem-Atmosphere Processes Study (iLEAPS), core project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), and the discussions at the Science Workshop on Past, Present and Future Climate Change in Helsinki, November 2008. The Helsinki workshop and the manuscript preparation were supported by the Finnish Cultural Foundation. A.A. acknowledges support from the Academy of Finland, and the Swedish research councils VR and Formas. S.P.H. and S.Z. acknowledge funding from the EC-supported project GREENCYCLES (MRTN-CT- 2004-512464). K.T. was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. The work at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was performed under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. S. M. acknowledges funding support from the NASA MAP program and the DOE ASR program. P.J.B. acknowledges support from the US NSF Paleoclimate program. Suggestions made by Chris Jones helped to improve our analysis substantially. NR 100 TC 188 Z9 193 U1 18 U2 187 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 3 IS 8 BP 525 EP 532 DI 10.1038/ngeo905 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 645NK UT WOS:000281467500010 ER PT J AU Moll, PJW Puzniak, R Balakirev, F Rogacki, K Karpinski, J Zhigadlo, ND Batlogg, B AF Moll, Philip J. W. Puzniak, Roman Balakirev, Fedor Rogacki, Krzysztof Karpinski, Janusz Zhigadlo, Nikolai D. Batlogg, Bertram TI High magnetic-field scales and critical currents in SmFeAs(O, F) crystals SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; RESISTIVITY; YBA2CU3O7-X; MECHANISMS; BICRYSTALS AB With the discovery of new superconducting materials, such as the iron pnictides(1), exploring their potential for applications is one of the foremost tasks. Even if the critical temperature T-c is high, intrinsic electronic properties might render applications difficult, particularly if extreme electronic anisotropy prevents effective pinning of vortices and thus severely limits the critical current density, a problem well known for cuprates(2-5). Although many questions concerning microscopic electronic properties of the iron pnictides have been successfully addressed(5) and estimates point to a very high upper critical field(6-9), their application potential is less clear. Thus, we focus here on the critical currents, their anisotropy and the onset of electrical dissipation in high magnetic fields up to 65 T. Our detailed study of the transport properties of SmFeAsO0.7F0.25 single crystals reveals a promising combination of high (> 2 x 10(6) A cm(-2)) and nearly isotropic critical current densities along all crystal directions. This favourable intragrain current transport in SmFeAs(O, F), which shows the highest T-c of 54 K at ambient pressure(10-12), is a crucial requirement for possible applications. Essential in these experiments are four-probe measurements on focused-ion-beam-cut single crystals with a sub-square-micrometre cross-section, with current along and perpendicular to the crystallographic c axis. C1 [Moll, Philip J. W.; Karpinski, Janusz; Zhigadlo, Nikolai D.; Batlogg, Bertram] ETH, Solid State Phys Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Puzniak, Roman] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. [Balakirev, Fedor] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Rogacki, Krzysztof] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Low Temp & Struct Res, PL-50422 Wroclaw, Poland. RP Moll, PJW (reprint author), ETH, Solid State Phys Lab, Schafmattstr 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM phmoll@phys.ethz.ch RI Puzniak, Roman/N-1643-2013; OI Puzniak, Roman/0000-0001-5636-5541; Moll, Philip/0000-0002-7616-5886 FU Swiss National Science Foundation NCCR; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [N N202 4132 33] FX We thank S. Katrych for carrying out X-ray analyses, and P. Gasser and K. Kunze for FIB assistance supporting this study. Work at NHMFL-LANL is carried out under the auspices of the National Science Foundation, Department of Energy and State of Florida. Electron Microscopy and FIB work was carried out at the Electron Microscopy ETH Zurich (EMEZ). This work has been supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation NCCR materials with Novel Electronics Properties (MaNEP) and by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education under the research project No. N N202 4132 33. NR 32 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 7 U2 70 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 EI 1476-4660 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 9 IS 8 BP 628 EP 633 DI 10.1038/NMAT2795 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 630BB UT WOS:000280245000017 PM 20639896 ER PT J AU Chen, Z Jiang, YB Dunphy, DR Adams, DP Hodges, C Liu, NG Zhang, N Xomeritakis, G Jin, XZ Aluru, NR Gaik, SJ Hillhouse, HW Brinker, CJ AF Chen, Zhu Jiang, Yingbing Dunphy, Darren R. Adams, David P. Hodges, Carter Liu, Nanguo Zhang, Nan Xomeritakis, George Jin, Xiaozhong Aluru, N. R. Gaik, Steven J. Hillhouse, Hugh W. Brinker, C. Jeffrey TI DNA translocation through an array of kinked nanopores SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE NANOPORES; ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; MESOPOROUS SILICA; THIN-FILMS; POLYNUCLEOTIDE MOLECULES; MEMBRANE CHANNEL; SINGLE; TRANSPORT; PORE; DISCRIMINATION AB Synthetic solid-state nanopores are being intensively investigated as single-molecule sensors for detection and characterization of DNA, RNA and proteins. This field has been inspired by the exquisite selectivity and flux demonstrated by natural biological channels and the dream of emulating these behaviours in more robust synthetic materials that are more readily integrated into practical devices. So far, the guided etching of polymer films, focused ion-beam sculpting, and electron-beam lithography and tuning of silicon nitride membranes have emerged as three promising approaches to define synthetic solid-state pores with sub-nanometre resolution. These procedures have in common the formation of nominally cylindrical or conical pores aligned normal to the membrane surface. Here we report the formation of 'kinked' silica nanopores, using evaporation-induced self-assembly, and their further tuning and chemical derivatization using atomic-layer deposition. Compared with 'straight through' proteinaceous nanopores of comparable dimensions, kinked nanopores exhibit up to fivefold reduction in translocation velocity, which has been identified as one of the critical issues in DNA sequencing. Additionally, we demonstrate an efficient two-step approach to create a nanopore array exhibiting nearly perfect selectivity for ssDNA over dsDNA. We show that a coarse-grained drift-diffusion theory with a sawtooth-like potential can reasonably describe the velocity and translocation time of DNA through the pore. By control of pore size, length and shape, we capture the main functional behaviours of protein pores in our solid-state nanopore system. C1 [Chen, Zhu; Dunphy, Darren R.; Liu, Nanguo; Xomeritakis, George; Brinker, C. Jeffrey] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Chen, Zhu; Dunphy, Darren R.; Liu, Nanguo; Xomeritakis, George; Brinker, C. Jeffrey] Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Jiang, Yingbing; Adams, David P.; Hodges, Carter; Brinker, C. Jeffrey] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Zhang, Nan] Univ New Mexico, Sch Pharm, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Jin, Xiaozhong; Aluru, N. R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Jin, Xiaozhong; Aluru, N. R.] Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gaik, Steven J.; Hillhouse, Hugh W.] Purdue Univ, Sch Chem Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Brinker, C. Jeffrey] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Chen, Z (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM cjbrink@sandia.gov RI Aluru, N/A-4617-2014; Chen, Zhu/M-3834-2015 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA 9550-10-1-0054]; DOE Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-02-ER15368]; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant FA 9550-10-1-0054, DOE Basic Energy Sciences grant DE-FG02-02-ER15368, US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, and Sandia National Laboratories' LDRD program. Z.C. acknowledges DOE Basic Energy Sciences grant DE-FG02-02-ER15368 for carrying out nanopore-array fabrication and DNA translocation. D.R.D. acknowledges support from DOE Basic Energy Science grant DE-FG02-02-ER15368 and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant FA 9550-10-1-0054 for carrying out GISAXS and electrochemical deposition experiments. C.J.B. acknowledges the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering and Sandia National Laboratories' LDRD program for conceiving the experiments and writing the paper. Y.J. acknowledges Sandia National Laboratories' LDRD program for carrying out ALD experiments. GISAXS experiments in this paper were conducted at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. Use of this facility is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogramme laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin company, for the US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 49 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 12 U2 92 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 9 IS 8 BP 667 EP 675 DI 10.1038/NMAT2805 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 630BB UT WOS:000280245000024 PM 20651807 ER PT J AU Liu, M Zentgraf, T Liu, YM Bartal, G Zhang, X AF Liu, Ming Zentgraf, Thomas Liu, Yongmin Bartal, Guy Zhang, Xiang TI Light-driven nanoscale plasmonic motors SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA; METAMATERIALS AB When Sir William Crookes developed a four-vaned radiometer, also known as the light-mill, in 1873, it was believed that this device confirmed the existence of linear momentum carried by photons(1), as predicted by Maxwell's equations. Although Reynolds later proved that the torque on the radiometer was caused by thermal transpiration(2), researchers continued to search for ways to take advantage of the momentum of photons and to use it for generating rotational forces. The ability to provide rotational force at the nanoscale could open up a range of applications in physics, biology and chemistry, including DNA unfolding and sequencing(3-6) and nanoelectro-mechanical systems(7-10). Here, we demonstrate a nanoscale plasmonic structure that can, when illuminated with linearly polarized light, generate a rotational force that is capable of rotating a silica microdisk that is 4,000 times larger in volume. Furthermore, we can control the rotation velocity and direction by varying the wavelength of the incident light to excite different plasmonic modes. C1 [Liu, Ming; Zentgraf, Thomas; Liu, Yongmin; Bartal, Guy; Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, NSF Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr NSEC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liu, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, NSF Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr NSEC, 3112 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM xiang@berkeley.edu RI Liu, Yongmin/F-5322-2010; Zhang, Xiang/F-6905-2011; Zentgraf, Thomas/G-8848-2013 OI Zentgraf, Thomas/0000-0002-8662-1101 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF Nano-scale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC) [CMMI-0751621] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231 regarding simulations and fabrication, and by the NSF Nano-scale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC) under grant no. CMMI-0751621 for optical characterization. NR 24 TC 116 Z9 118 U1 8 U2 100 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 5 IS 8 BP 570 EP 573 DI 10.1038/NNANO.2010.128 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 635BZ UT WOS:000280631900008 PM 20601945 ER PT J AU Janovjak, H Szobota, S Wyart, C Trauner, D Isacoff, EY AF Janovjak, Harald Szobota, Stephanie Wyart, Claire Trauner, Dirk Isacoff, Ehud Y. TI A light-gated, potassium-selective glutamate receptor for the optical inhibition of neuronal firing SO NATURE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN; ION CHANNELS; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; NEURAL CIRCUITRY; REMOTE-CONTROL; K+ CHANNELS; ACTIVATION; ZEBRAFISH; TRANSPLANTATION; DROSOPHILA AB Genetically targeted light-activated ion channels and pumps make it possible to determine the role of specific neurons in neuronal circuits, information processing and behavior. We developed a K(+)-selective ionotropic glutamate receptor that reversibly inhibits neuronal activity in response to light in dissociated neurons and brain slice and also reversibly suppresses behavior in zebrafish. The receptor is a chimera of the pore region of a K(+)-selective bacterial glutamate receptor and the ligand-binding domain of a light-gated mammalian kainate receptor. This hyperpolarizing light-gated channel, HyLighter, is turned on by a brief light pulse at one wavelength and turned off by a pulse at a second wavelength. The control is obtained at moderate intensity. After optical activation, the photocurrent and optical silencing of activity persists in the dark for extended periods. The low light requirement and bi-stability of HyLighter represent advantages for the dissection of neural circuitry. C1 [Janovjak, Harald; Szobota, Stephanie; Wyart, Claire; Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Janovjak, Harald; Szobota, Stephanie; Wyart, Claire; Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Helen Wills Neurosci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Trauner, Dirk] Univ Munich, Dept Chem, Munich, Germany. [Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Isacoff, EY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ehud@berkeley.edu RI Wyart, Claire/H-3783-2016; Janovjak, Harald/O-9070-2016 OI Wyart, Claire/0000-0002-1668-4975; Janovjak, Harald/0000-0002-8023-9315 FU US National Institutes of Health Nanomedicine Development Center for the Optical Control of Biological Function [5PN2EY018241]; Human Frontier Science Program [RPG23-2005]; National Science Foundation [FIBR 43C-1081892]; European Molecular Biology Organization; Marie-Curie fellowship FX We thank K. Partin, K. Kainanen, E. Gouaux and M. Hollmann for constructs, G. Sandoz, P. Koprowski and F. Tombola for discussions, D. Fortin, T. Tracey, K. Greenberg, A. Pham, M. Soden, H. Lu, E. Warp, K. McDaniel, R. Arant and Z. Fu for technical assistance, and M. Volgraf and V. Franckevicius for MAG compounds. This work was supported by the US National Institutes of Health Nanomedicine Development Center for the Optical Control of Biological Function (5PN2EY018241), the Human Frontier Science Program (RPG23-2005), the National Science Foundation (FIBR 43C-1081892), a fellowship of the European Molecular Biology Organization (to H.J.) and a Marie-Curie fellowship (to C. W.; the fellowship was obtained with the laboratory CNRS-UMR5020 'Neurosciences Sensorielles, Comportement Cognition'). NR 50 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 30 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1097-6256 J9 NAT NEUROSCI JI Nat. Neurosci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 13 IS 8 BP 1027 EP U160 DI 10.1038/nn.2589 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 632DK UT WOS:000280400600023 PM 20581843 ER PT J AU Wanke, MC Young, EW Nordquist, CD Cich, MJ Grine, AD Fuller, CT Reno, JL Lee, M AF Wanke, Michael C. Young, Erik W. Nordquist, Christopher D. Cich, Michael J. Grine, Albert D. Fuller, Charles T. Reno, John L. Lee, Mark TI Monolithically integrated solid-state terahertz transceivers SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM CASCADE LASER; PHASE-LOCKING; LOCAL OSCILLATOR; SCHOTTKY DIODE; RECEIVER; MIXER AB Recent advances in microfabricated terahertz quantum cascade lasers have achieved coherent power and frequency performance previously possible only with much larger gas- or vacuum-tube sources. A significant advantage offered by terahertz quantum cascade lasers lies in the potential to integrate them with other components on the same chip. Such terahertz photonic integrated circuits would help close the terahertz technology gap between microwave electronics and infrared photonics. Here, we describe the first successful monolithic integration of a terahertz quantum cascade laser and diode mixer to form a simple but generically useful terahertz photonic integrated circuit-a microelectronic terahertz transceiver. We show that this terahertz photonic integrated circuit performs all the basic functions (for example, transmission of a coherent carrier, heterodyne reception of an external signal, frequency locking and tuning) of discrete-component terahertz photonic systems, but at a small fraction of the size and in a robust platform scalable to semiconductor fabrication production. C1 [Wanke, Michael C.; Young, Erik W.; Nordquist, Christopher D.; Cich, Michael J.; Fuller, Charles T.; Reno, John L.; Lee, Mark] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Grine, Albert D.] LMATA Govt Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Wanke, MC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mcwanke@sandia.gov FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD); United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors would like to thank Eric Shaner for data acquisition software and hardware support and Vicente Garcia for the artwork in Fig. 1a. This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program office at Sandia National Labs. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 18 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 23 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD AUG PY 2010 VL 4 IS 8 BP 565 EP 569 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2010.137 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 633IN UT WOS:000280495400022 ER PT J AU Ali, MN Garcia, MA Parsons-Moss, T Nitsche, H AF Ali, Mazhar N. Garcia, Mitch A. Parsons-Moss, T. Nitsche, Heino TI Polymer-assisted deposition of homogeneous metal oxide films to produce nuclear targets SO NATURE PROTOCOLS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY ELEMENT; ELECTRODEPOSITION; SILICON AB Targets are essential in experimental nuclear sciences as a source of stationary nuclei for nuclear reactions with ion beams. Typically, targets should be chemically pure, uniform, homogeneous and crack-free over the irradiation area, while also being structurally rigid. The polymer-assisted deposition (PAD) method uses a water-soluble multidentate polymer that chelates metal precursors in solution. This polymer-metal solution is then spin coated and annealed to yield a crack-free, homogeneous metal oxide film. In this protocol, nuclear targets are created using PAD on silicon nitride (Si(3)N(4)) windows with silicon frames. Silicon wafers ([100], single-side polished) coated with 1 mu m of silicon nitride on both sides are patterned and etched to create 1-mu m silicon nitride windows. The PAD solution is then spun onto the silicon nitride window and annealed to create a thin, uniform metal oxide film of variable thickness on top of the silicon nitride backing. The production of a target window and the deposition of a thin film ranging from 50 to 150 nm takes similar to 13.5 h. Subsequent reapplications to grow thicker films require an additional 5 h per application. C1 [Ali, Mazhar N.; Garcia, Mitch A.; Parsons-Moss, T.; Nitsche, Heino] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ali, Mazhar N.; Garcia, Mitch A.; Parsons-Moss, T.; Nitsche, Heino] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Nitsche, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM HNitsche@berkeley.edu RI Garcia, Mitch/G-2413-2010; Ali, Mazhar/C-6473-2013 OI Ali, Mazhar/0000-0002-1129-6105 FU National Nuclear Security Administration [NS00075, DE-FG52-06NA27480]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the National Nuclear Security Administration under the Stewardship Sciences Academic Alliance Program, project NS00075, award Number DE-FG52-06NA27480. Work at the Molecular Foundry was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 26 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1754-2189 J9 NAT PROTOC JI Nat. Protoc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 5 IS 8 BP 1440 EP 1446 DI 10.1038/nprot.2010.105 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 633SV UT WOS:000280526900006 PM 20671727 ER PT J AU Chuang, CK Rockel, B Seyit, G Walian, PJ Schonegge, AM Peters, J Zwart, PH Baumeister, W Jap, BK AF Chuang, Crystal K. Rockel, Beate Seyit, Goenuel Walian, Peter J. Schoenegge, Anne-Marie Peters, Juergen Zwart, Petrus H. Baumeister, Wolfgang Jap, Bing K. TI Hybrid molecular structure of the giant protease tripeptidyl peptidase II SO NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TPPII KNOCKOUT MICE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TRICORN PROTEASE; PORPHYROMONAS-GINGIVALIS; SUBSTRATE-RECOGNITION; SUBTILISIN CARLSBERG; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; EGLIN-C; AMINOPEPTIDASE; RESOLUTION AB Tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPP II) is the largest known eukaryotic protease (6 MDa). It is believed to act downstream of the 26S proteasome, cleaving tripeptides from the N termini of longer peptides, and it is implicated in numerous cellular processes. Here we report the structure of Drosophila TPP II determined by a hybrid approach. We solved the structure of the dimer by X-ray crystallography and docked it into the three-dimensional map of the holocomplex, which we obtained by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. The resulting structure reveals the compartmentalization of the active sites inside a system of chambers and suggests the existence of a molecular ruler determining the size of the cleavage products. Furthermore, the structure suggests a model for activation of TPP II involving the relocation of a flexible loop and a repositioning of the active-site serine, coupling it to holocomplex assembly and active-site sequestration. C1 [Chuang, Crystal K.; Walian, Peter J.; Jap, Bing K.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chuang, Crystal K.; Jap, Bing K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Grp Comparat Biochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rockel, Beate; Seyit, Goenuel; Schoenegge, Anne-Marie; Peters, Juergen; Baumeister, Wolfgang] Max Planck Inst Biochem, Dept Mol Struct Biol, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany. [Zwart, Petrus H.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Jap, BK (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM baumeist@biochem.mpg.de; bkjap@lbl.gov RI Zwart, Peter/F-7123-2013 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; National Institutes of Health; US Department of Energy FX Diffraction datasets for the structure determination were collected at Beamline 8.2.2, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. We would like to thank C. Ralston and her beamline staff for their assistance. We thank A. Sonnen for the calculation of the contact areas. This work is supported by funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (B.R.), the National Institutes of Health (B.K.J.) and the US Department of Energy. NR 43 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1545-9993 J9 NAT STRUCT MOL BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 17 IS 8 BP 990 EP U103 DI 10.1038/nsmb.1870 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 635QD UT WOS:000280670300016 PM 20676100 ER PT J AU Xiao, JY Worby, CA Mattoo, S Sankaran, B Dixon, JE AF Xiao, Junyu Worby, Carolyn A. Mattoo, Seema Sankaran, Banumathi Dixon, Jack E. TI Structural basis of Fic-mediated adenylylation SO NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UBIQUITIN-LIKE PROTEINS; III EFFECTOR; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RHO PROTEINS; DOMAIN; BINDING; DOC; ACTIVATION; AMPYLATION; VIRULENCE AB The Fic family of adenylyltransferases, defined by a core HPFx(D/E) GN(G/K) R motif, consists of over 2,700 proteins found in organisms from bacteria to humans. The immunoglobulin-binding protein A (IbpA) from the bacterial pathogen Histophilus somni contains two Fic domains that adenylylate the switch1 tyrosine residue of Rho-family GTPases, allowing the bacteria to subvert host defenses. Here we present the structure of the second Fic domain of IbpA (IbpAFic2) in complex with its substrate, Cdc42. IbpAFic2-bound Cdc42 mimics the GDI-bound state of Rho GTPases, with both its switch1 and switch2 regions gripped by IbpAFic2. Mutations disrupting the IbpAFic2-Cdc42 interface impair adenylylation and cytotoxicity. Notably, the switch1 tyrosine of Cdc42 is adenylylated in the structure, providing the first structural view for this post-translational modification. We also show that the nucleotide-binding mechanism is conserved among Fic proteins and propose a catalytic mechanism for this recently discovered family of enzymes. C1 [Xiao, Junyu; Worby, Carolyn A.; Dixon, Jack E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pharmacol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Worby, Carolyn A.; Dixon, Jack E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Worby, Carolyn A.; Dixon, Jack E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Mattoo, Seema; Dixon, Jack E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Howard Hughes Med Inst, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Sankaran, Banumathi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley Ctr Struct Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dixon, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pharmacol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jedixon@mail.uscd.edu FU US National Institutes of Health [AI060662] FX We are grateful to the University of California, San Diego X-ray facility staff and the Advanced Light Source (beam line 8.2.1) staff of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for beam access and help with data collection, Z. Xu and X. Guo for critically reading the manuscript and members of the Dixon laboratory for helpful discussions. This work was supported by US National Institutes of Health grant AI060662 to J.E.D. NR 33 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1545-9985 J9 NAT STRUCT MOL BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 17 IS 8 BP 1004 EP U119 DI 10.1038/nsmb.1867 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 635QD UT WOS:000280670300018 PM 20622875 ER PT J AU Logan, J Biegon, A Kim, SW Alexoff, D Fowler, J AF Logan, Jean Biegon, Anat Kim, Sung Won Alexoff, David Fowler, Joanna TI Quantitating aromatase in the human brain with PET and [N-methyl-11C]vorozole([11C]VOR) SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th International Symposium on Functional Neuroreceptor Mapping of the Living Brain CY JUL 22-24, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP GE, GlaxoSmithKline, Map Med Technologies, Nexxus, Pfizer, PMOD Technologies, PsyRING C1 [Logan, Jean; Biegon, Anat; Alexoff, David; Fowler, Joanna] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kim, Sung Won] NIAAA, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PD AUG PY 2010 VL 52 SU 1 BP S114 EP S114 DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.093 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 629FZ UT WOS:000280181900095 ER PT J AU Riss, PJ Hooker, JM Alexoff, D Kim, SW Hummerich, R Ferrari, VA Schloss, P Fowler, JS Roesch, F Aigbirhio, FI AF Riss, Patrick J. Hooker, Jacob M. Alexoff, David Kim, Sung-Won Hummerich, Rene Ferrari, Valentina A. Schloss, Patrick Fowler, Johanna S. Roesch, Frank Aigbirhio, Franklin I. TI Automated GMP production of [11C]PR04.MZ via the captive solvent method and PET studies in non-human primates: A promising tracer for extrastriatal DAT imaging SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th International Symposium on Functional Neuroreceptor Mapping of the Living Brain CY JUL 22-24, 2010 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP GE, GlaxoSmithKline, Map Med Technologies, Nexxus, Pfizer, PMOD Technologies, PsyRING C1 [Riss, Patrick J.; Ferrari, Valentina A.; Aigbirhio, Franklin I.] Univ Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hosp, Wolfson Brain Imaging Ctr, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England. [Hooker, Jacob M.; Alexoff, David; Kim, Sung-Won; Fowler, Johanna S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Hummerich, Rene; Schloss, Patrick] Cent Inst Mental Hlth, Biochem Lab, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany. [Roesch, Frank] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Nucl Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PD AUG PY 2010 VL 52 SU 1 BP S117 EP S117 DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.096 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 629FZ UT WOS:000280181900098 ER PT J AU Titzler, PS McMichael, GA Carter, JA AF Titzler, P. Scott McMichael, Geoffrey A. Carter, Jessica A. TI Autonomous Acoustic Receiver Deployment and Mooring Techniques for Use in Large Rivers and Estuaries SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER; ATLANTIC SALMON; SURVIVAL; ARRAY; CORROSION; MOVEMENTS AB Acoustic telemetry receivers are used across a range of aquatic habitats to study a diversity of aquatic species. The Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System autonomous acoustic receiver system was deployed and moored in the Columbia River and its estuary. A high receiver loss rate during 2005 in the Columbia River estuary, an area with high water velocities and unstable substrates, prompted improvements to the receiver mooring system, and in 2006 the mooring system was redesigned. This change included elimination of surface buoys, a cable bridle, and an anchor tagline (for anchor recovery). The new mooring configuration, consisting of an acoustic receiver, acoustic release, and mooring line sections that were anchored to the riverbed, improved receiver recovery rates and crew safety. Additionally, a reward program was implemented to provide an incentive for people to return found receivers. The mooring design presented here performed well compared with previous acoustic receiver mooring methods used in the Columbia River system and should be useful for similar applications in large rivers and estuaries with high water velocities and shifting substrates. C1 [Titzler, P. Scott; McMichael, Geoffrey A.; Carter, Jessica A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Titzler, PS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM scott.titzler@pnl.gov NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 30 IS 4 BP 853 EP 859 DI 10.1577/M09-143.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 643EB UT WOS:000281277300001 ER PT J AU Boyd, JW Guy, CS Horton, TB Leathe, SA AF Boyd, James W. Guy, Christopher S. Horton, Travis B. Leathe, Stephen A. TI Effects of Catch-and-Release Angling on Salmonids at Elevated Water Temperatures SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BONNEVILLE CUTTHROAT TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; MORTALITY; CONSTANT; EXPOSURE; SURVIVAL; HABITAT; CAUGHT; GROWTH AB Few studies have assessed catch-and-release mortality of salmonids at water temperatures of 23 degrees C or above, despite predictions of warming stream temperatures due to climate change. The primary objective of this study was to measure the catch-and-release mortality of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, brown trout Salmo trutta, and mountain whitefish Prosopium williamsoni in three water temperature treatments, namely, when daily maximum water temperatures were cool (<20 degrees C), warm (20-22.9 degrees C), and hot (>= 23 degrees C). A secondary objective was to assess the catch-and-release mortality of salmonids angled in morning and evening within the water temperature treatments. These objectives were related to Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks' drought fishing closure policy. Angling (fly-fishing only) occurred in the Gallatin and Smith rivers. All angled fish were confined to in-stream holding cages and monitored for mortality for 72 h. Mortality of rainbow trout peaked at 16% in the Gallatin River and 9% in the Smith River during the hot treatment. Mortality of brown trout was less than 5% in all water temperature treatments in both rivers. Mountain whitefish mortality peaked at 28% in the hot treatment in the Smith River. No mortality for any species occurred in either river when daily maximum water temperatures were less than 20 degrees C. Mortality of rainbow trout peaked at 16% in the evening hot treatment in the Smith River. Mortality rates of brown trout and mountain whitefish were not related to time of day. The catch-and-release mortality rates presented here probably represent fishing mortality given that most anglers in southwestern Montana practice catch-and-release angling. The mortality values we observed were lower than predicted (<30%) given reports in the literature. The difference is probably related to the in situ nature of the study and periods of cooler water temperatures between peaks, which facilitated recovery from thermal stress. C1 [Boyd, James W.; Guy, Christopher S.] Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Dept Ecol,Fish & Wildlife Management Program, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Boyd, JW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, Mail Stop K6-85,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM james.boyd@pnl.gov FU PPL Montana; Federation of Fly Fishers FX This project was funded by PPL Montana, with logistical support provided by Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks. We thank Alexander Zale, Molly Webb, and Tom McMahon for their guidance and insight. We also thank Ben Savelli for his assistance in the field. A special thanks to Trout Unlimited and Federation of Fly Fishers for scholarship awards and angling assistance. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 33 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 30 IS 4 BP 898 EP 907 DI 10.1577/M09-107.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 643EB UT WOS:000281277300005 ER PT J AU Gorelenkov, NN Stutman, D Tritz, K Boozer, A Delgado-Aparicio, L Fredrickson, E Kaye, S White, R AF Gorelenkov, N. N. Stutman, D. Tritz, K. Boozer, A. Delgado-Aparicio, L. Fredrickson, E. Kaye, S. White, R. TI Anomalous electron transport due to multiple high frequency beam ion driven Alfven eigenmodes SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th IAEA Technical Meeting on Energetic Particles in Magnetic Confinement Systems CY SEP, 2009 CL Kiev, UKRAINE SP Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Nucl Res, IAEA ID PLASMAS; SPECTRUM AB We report on the simulations of recently observed correlations of the core electron transport with the sub-thermal ion cyclotron frequency instabilities in low aspect ratio plasmas of the National Spherical Torus Experiment. In order to model the electron transport the guiding centre code ORBIT is employed. A spectrum of test functions of multiple core localized global shear Alfven eigenmode (GAE) instabilities based on a previously developed theory and experimental observations is used to examine the electron transport properties. The simulations exhibit thermal electron transport induced by electron drift orbit stochasticity in the presence of multiple core localized GAE. C1 [Gorelenkov, N. N.; Delgado-Aparicio, L.; Fredrickson, E.; Kaye, S.; White, R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Stutman, D.; Tritz, K.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Boozer, A.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Gorelenkov, NN (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM ngorelen@pppl.gov RI White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013; Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015 OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685; NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD AUG PY 2010 VL 50 IS 8 SI SI AR 084012 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/50/8/084012 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 633LZ UT WOS:000280505800013 ER PT J AU Kolesnichenko, YI Lutsenko, VV White, RB AF Kolesnichenko, Ya. I. Lutsenko, V. V. White, R. B. TI Fishbone modes in compressible plasmas SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th IAEA Technical Meeting on Energetic Particles in Magnetic Confinement Systems CY SEP, 2009 CL Kiev, UKRAINE SP Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Nucl Res, IAEA ID OPTIMIZED STELLARATORS AB It is shown that there exist two types of m = n = 1 fishbone modes with frequencies significantly exceeding the frequency of the conventional fishbone instability. One of them is the resonance continuum mode (RCM), and the other is the non-resonance gap mode (NGM). They are associated with the trapped energetic ions and arise due to plasma compressibility. The spatial structure of the RCM may differ considerably from the rigid kink displacement inherent in the conventional fishbone mode. C1 [Kolesnichenko, Ya. I.; Lutsenko, V. V.] Inst Nucl Res, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. [White, R. B.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kolesnichenko, YI (reprint author), Inst Nucl Res, Prospekt Nauky 47, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. RI White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013 OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD AUG PY 2010 VL 50 IS 8 SI SI AR 084017 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/50/8/084017 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 633LZ UT WOS:000280505800018 ER PT J AU Kolesnichenko, YI Yakovenko, YV Lutsenko, VV White, RB Weller, A AF Kolesnichenko, Ya. I. Yakovenko, Yu. V. Lutsenko, V. V. White, R. B. Weller, A. TI Effects of energetic-ion-driven instabilities on plasma heating, transport and rotation in toroidal systems SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th IAEA Technical Meeting on Energetic Particles in Magnetic Confinement Systems CY SEP, 2009 CL Kiev, UKRAINE SP Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Nucl Res, IAEA ID PARTICLES AB A theory is developed from which it follows that energetic-ion-driven instabilities can, first, channel the energy of the energetic ions outside the region where these ions are located and, second, considerably affect the electron heat flux across the magnetic field. A new mechanism of frequency chirping is revealed, namely it is shown that instabilities caused by the energetic ions can influence the plasma rotation, in which case the development of instabilities results in a variation of the Doppler shift in time. It is concluded that a key factor responsible for the mentioned phenomena is the local imbalance of the wave emission by energetic ions and the wave absorption by electrons along the radius. On the basis of the developed theory, experiments on the stellarator Wendelstein 7-AS and the spherical torus NSTX, where the effects of Alfvenic activity on the plasma temperature were observed, are considered. C1 [Kolesnichenko, Ya. I.; Yakovenko, Yu. V.; Lutsenko, V. V.] Inst Nucl Res, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. [White, R. B.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Weller, A.] IPP EURATOM Assoc, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Kolesnichenko, YI (reprint author), Inst Nucl Res, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. RI White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013; OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685; Yakovenko, Yuriy/0000-0002-3499-5275 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD AUG PY 2010 VL 50 IS 8 SI SI AR 084011 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/50/8/084011 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 633LZ UT WOS:000280505800012 ER PT J AU Ogawa, K Isobe, M Toi, K Watanabe, F Spong, DA Shimizu, A Osakabe, M Ohdachi, S Sakakibara, S AF Ogawa, K. Isobe, M. Toi, K. Watanabe, F. Spong, D. A. Shimizu, A. Osakabe, M. Ohdachi, S. Sakakibara, S. CA LHD Expt Grp TI Observation of energetic-ion losses induced by various MHD instabilities in the Large Helical Device (LHD) SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th IAEA Technical Meeting on Energetic Particles in Magnetic Confinement Systems CY SEP, 2009 CL Kiev, UKRAINE SP Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Nucl Res, IAEA ID ALFVEN EIGENMODES; FUSION PRODUCTS; BEAM IONS; DIII-D; TRANSPORT; PLASMAS; DRIVEN; MODES; ALPHA; TFTR AB Energetic-ion losses induced by toroidicity-induced Alfven eigenmodes (TAEs) and resistive interchange modes (RICs) were observed in neutral-beam heated plasmas of the Large Helical Device (LHD) at a relatively low toroidal magnetic field level (<= 0.75 T). The energy and pitch angle of the lost ions are detected using a scintillator-based lost-fast ion probe. Each instability increases the lost ions having a certain energy/pitch angle. TAE bursts preferentially induce energetic beam ions in co-passing orbits having energy from the injection energy E = 190keV down to 130 keV, while RICs expel energetic ions of E = 190 keV down to similar to 130 keV in passing-toroidally trapped boundary orbits. Loss fluxes induced by these instabilities increase with different dependences on the magnetic fluctuation amplitude: nonlinear and linear dependences for TAEs and RICs, respectively. C1 [Ogawa, K.] Nagoya Univ, Dept Energy Sci & Engn, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. [Isobe, M.; Toi, K.; Shimizu, A.; Osakabe, M.; Ohdachi, S.; Sakakibara, S.; LHD Expt Grp] Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki, Gifu 5095292, Japan. [Watanabe, F.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Energy Sci, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Spong, D. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ogawa, K (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Dept Energy Sci & Engn, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. EM ogawa.kunihiro@lhd.nifs.ac.jp RI Spong, Donald/C-6887-2012; OGAWA, Kunihiro/E-7516-2013; Sakakibara, Satoru/E-7542-2013 OI Spong, Donald/0000-0003-2370-1873; OGAWA, Kunihiro/0000-0003-4555-1837; Sakakibara, Satoru/0000-0002-3306-0531 NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 EI 1741-4326 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD AUG PY 2010 VL 50 IS 8 SI SI AR 084005 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/50/8/084005 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 633LZ UT WOS:000280505800006 ER PT J AU Van Zeeland, MA Yu, JH Heidbrink, WW Brooks, NH Burrell, KH Chu, MS Hyatt, AW Muscatello, C Nazikian, R Pablant, NA Pace, DC Solomon, WM Wade, MR AF Van Zeeland, M. A. Yu, J. H. Heidbrink, W. W. Brooks, N. H. Burrell, K. H. Chu, M. S. Hyatt, A. W. Muscatello, C. Nazikian, R. Pablant, N. A. Pace, D. C. Solomon, W. M. Wade, M. R. TI Imaging key aspects of fast ion physics in the DIII-D tokamak SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th IAEA Technical Meeting on Energetic Particles in Magnetic Confinement Systems CY SEP, 2009 CL Kiev, UKRAINE SP Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Nucl Res, IAEA ID BEAM EMISSION; PLASMAS; FLUCTUATIONS; TOMOGRAPHY; MODES; JET AB Visible imaging has been used to provide the 2D spatial structure and temporal evolution of the profile of high-energy neutrals introduced by neutral beam injection, the fast ion profile and a variety of plasma instabilities in DIII-D plasmas; the combination of these techniques form a comprehensive fast ion physics diagnostic suite. The injected neutral profile is imaged in Doppler shifted D(alpha) light induced by collisional excitation. Fast ion profile information was obtained through imaging of Doppler shifted fast ion D(alpha) light (FIDA) emitted by re-neutralized energetic ions. Imaging of FIDA emission during sawtooth events shows a large central depletion following sawtooth crashes-indicative of a broad redistribution of fast ions. Two examples of instability structure measurements are given. Measurements of the detailed 2D poloidal structure of rotating tearing modes were obtained using spectrally filtered fast imaging of broadband visible bremsstrahlung emission, a method which is capable of imaging with high resolution the structure of coherent oscillations in the core of current and next-step fusion plasma experiments and can be applied to virtually any mode with a finite perturbed bremsstrahlung emissivity and frequency in the laboratory frame. Measurements are also presented of the n = 0 energetic particle geodesic acoustic mode which were made by observing fluctuations in active emission. C1 [Van Zeeland, M. A.; Brooks, N. H.; Burrell, K. H.; Chu, M. S.; Hyatt, A. W.; Wade, M. R.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Yu, J. H.; Pablant, N. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys & Astron, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Heidbrink, W. W.; Muscatello, C.; Pace, D. C.] Univ Calif Irvine, Energy Res Ctr, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Nazikian, R.; Solomon, W. M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Van Zeeland, MA (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM vanzeeland@fusion.gat.com OI Solomon, Wayne/0000-0002-0902-9876 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD AUG PY 2010 VL 50 IS 8 SI SI AR 084002 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/50/8/084002 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 633LZ UT WOS:000280505800003 ER PT J AU von Thun, CP Perona, A Johnson, T Sharapov, SE Reich, M Kiptily, VG Cecconello, M Salmi, A Goloborod'ko, VY Pinches, SD Garcia-Munoz, Mi Darrow, D Brix, M Voitsekhovitch, I AF von Thun, C. Perez Perona, A. Johnson, T. Sharapov, S. E. Reich, M. Kiptily, V. G. Cecconello, M. Salmi, A. Goloborod'ko, V. Ya Pinches, S. D. Garcia-Munoz, M. Darrow, D. Brix, M. Voitsekhovitch, I. CA JET EFDA Contributors TI MeV-range fast ion losses induced by fishbones on JET SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th IAEA Technical Meeting on Energetic Particles in Magnetic Confinement Systems CY SEP, 2009 CL Kiev, UKRAINE SP Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Nucl Res, IAEA ID SCINTILLATOR PROBE; ALFVEN EIGENMODES; TOROIDAL PLASMAS; ALPHA-PARTICLES; FUSION PRODUCTS; TOKAMAKS; DISTRIBUTIONS; OSCILLATIONS; CONFINEMENT; MODES AB Energy and pitch angle resolved measurements of highly energetic (megaelectronvolt (MeV) range) suprathermal ions ejected from the plasma through interaction with fishbone oscillations are presented. The measurements are obtained with a 2D scintillator probe diagnostic installed on JET, which is designed to detect lost ions only above a certain energy threshold (E(min, D) similar to 200 keV). In the case reported here the lost ions are identified as fast protons which had been accelerated to high energies by ICRF minority heating. The energy of the lost protons (similar to 0.5-4 MeV) is approximately one order of magnitude higher than the energy of the injected beam ions (maximum 130 keV) driving the fishbone. Losses arriving at the probe are enhanced by about a factor 10-20 with respect to MHD-quiescent levels, and are found to increase quadratically with the fishbone amplitude. Using a number of simplifying assumptions, numerical simulations have been performed which combine the HAGIS, MISHKA and SELFO codes (where the distribution function predicted by SELFO has been validated against neutral particle analyser measurements). The losses are found to originate from orbit stochastic diffusion of trapped protons near the plasma boundary or from counter-passing protons deep in the plasma core, which transit under the influence of the fishbone into an unconfined trapped orbit. The simulations show further that the losses are of non-resonant type. The simulated energy and pitch angle distribution of the losses, the temporal behaviour of the losses during a fishbone cycle and the scaling of the losses with the fishbone amplitude are compared with experiment. The simulation results are mostly in broad agreement with experiment, but some of the predictions could not be reconciled with experiment using this model. C1 [von Thun, C. Perez; Reich, M.; Garcia-Munoz, M.] EURATOM Assoc IPP, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Perona, A.] Politecn Torino, Burning Plasma Res Grp, I-10129 Turin, Italy. [Johnson, T.] KTH, EES, EURATOM VR Assoc, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Sharapov, S. E.; Kiptily, V. G.; Pinches, S. D.; Brix, M.; Voitsekhovitch, I.] Culham Sci Ctr, EURATOM CCFE Fus Assoc, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. [JET EFDA Contributors] JET EFDA Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. [Cecconello, M.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, EURATOM VR Assoc, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Salmi, A.] Helsinki Univ Technol, Assoc EURATOM Tekes, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland. [Goloborod'ko, V. Ya] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, Assoc EURATOM OEAW, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Darrow, D.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP von Thun, CP (reprint author), EURATOM Assoc IPP, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM Christian.Perez.Von.Thun@jet.efda.org RI garcia-munoz, manuel/C-6825-2008; Salmi, Antti/I-7413-2013 OI garcia-munoz, manuel/0000-0002-3241-502X; NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD AUG PY 2010 VL 50 IS 8 SI SI AR 084009 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/50/8/084009 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 633LZ UT WOS:000280505800010 ER PT J AU Yakovenko, YV Kolesnichenko, YI Lutsenko, VV White, RB Werner, A AF Yakovenko, Yu. V. Kolesnichenko, Ya. I. Lutsenko, V. V. White, R. B. Werner, A. TI Mode coupling in Alfven instabilities SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th IAEA Technical Meeting on Energetic Particles in Magnetic Confinement Systems CY SEP, 2009 CL Kiev, UKRAINE SP Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Nucl Res, IAEA ID EIGENMODES; CONTINUUM; STELLARATORS AB It is shown numerically that even a weak deviation from the axial symmetry of the magnetic configuration in tokamaks can drastically change the spatial structure of toroidicity-induced Alfven eigenmodes (TAEs), turning them into modes characterized by strong dependence of the amplitude on the toroidal coordinate. The reason for this lies in the fact that the TAEs are close to degeneracy: TAEs with different toroidal mode numbers (n) may have almost the same frequency. A condition necessary for a certain steady-state non-axisymmetric harmonic of the magnetic field to couple TAEs and ellipticity-induced Alfven eigenmodes (EAEs) with different n (the 'selection rule') is obtained. In particular, a coupling harmonic of significant amplitude can be found more easily in a stellarator with large rotational transform and a small number of field periods. In tokamaks, any magnetic island satisfies the selection rule and can thus couple TAEs. This may explain why multiple modes with different n often appear and disappear simultaneously in TAE bursts. This may also explain an observation of a TAE with the amplitude varying in phase with a quasi-steady-state magnetic perturbation in the spherical torus NSTX. C1 [Yakovenko, Yu. V.; Kolesnichenko, Ya. I.; Lutsenko, V. V.] Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, UA-252028 Kiev, Ukraine. [White, R. B.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Werner, A.] Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, Greifswald, Germany. RP Yakovenko, YV (reprint author), Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, UA-252028 Kiev, Ukraine. EM yakovenko@kinr.kiev.ua RI White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013; OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685; Yakovenko, Yuriy/0000-0002-3499-5275 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD AUG PY 2010 VL 50 IS 8 SI SI AR 084015 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/50/8/084015 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 633LZ UT WOS:000280505800016 ER PT J AU Pogorelsky, IV Yakimenko, V Polyanskiy, M Shkolnikov, P Ispiryan, M Neely, D McKenna, P Carroll, D Najmudin, Z Willingale, L AF Pogorelsky, I. V. Yakimenko, V. Polyanskiy, M. Shkolnikov, P. Ispiryan, M. Neely, D. McKenna, P. Carroll, D. Najmudin, Z. Willingale, L. TI Ultrafast CO2 laser technology: Application in ion acceleration SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT COULOMB Workshop on Ions Acceleration with High Power Lasers CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Senigallia, ITALY DE CO2 laser; Protons; Ion acceleration ID LASER AB We review principles of picosecond CO2 lasers, operating at 10 mu m wavelength, and their applications for strong-field physics research. Such laser has been used in a number of BNL experiments that explore advanced methods of particle acceleration and X-ray generation. We illustrate merits of the wavelength scaling from optical to mid-IR region by the examples of ion/proton acceleration and report the first experimental results that confirm the expected wavelength scaling of the process. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pogorelsky, I. V.; Yakimenko, V.; Polyanskiy, M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, ATF, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Shkolnikov, P.; Ispiryan, M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Neely, D.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Cent Laser Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [McKenna, P.; Carroll, D.] Univ Strathclyde, SUPA, Dept Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. [Najmudin, Z.; Willingale, L.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. [Willingale, L.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Ultrafast Opt Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Pogorelsky, IV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, ATF, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM igor@bnl.gov RI Polyanskiy, Mikhail/E-8406-2010; McKenna, Paul/B-9764-2009 OI McKenna, Paul/0000-0001-8061-7091 NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 620 IS 1 SI SI BP 67 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.01.062 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 627XQ UT WOS:000280078000013 ER PT J AU Poineau, F Sattelberger, A Forster, P Weck, P Johnstone, E Ma, LZ Czerwinski, K AF Poineau, Frederic Sattelberger, Alfred Forster, Paul Weck, Philippe Johnstone, Erik Ma, Longzhou Czerwinski, Kenneth TI Synthesis and characterization of new binary technetium halides SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Poineau, Frederic; Forster, Paul; Weck, Philippe; Johnstone, Erik; Ma, Longzhou; Czerwinski, Kenneth] Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Sattelberger, Alfred] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0969-8051 J9 NUCL MED BIOL JI Nucl. Med. Biol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 37 IS 6 BP 678 EP 678 DI 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.04.031 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 640TK UT WOS:000281075100006 ER PT J AU Czerwinski, K Mausolf, E Poineau, F Kolman, D Hartmann, T Weck, P Jarvinen, G AF Czerwinski, Kenneth Mausolf, Edward Poineau, Frederic Kolman, Dave Hartmann, Thomas Weck, Philippe Jarvinen, Gordon TI Synthesis and characterization of technetium waste forms from an advanced fuel cycle SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Czerwinski, Kenneth; Mausolf, Edward; Poineau, Frederic; Hartmann, Thomas; Weck, Philippe] Univ Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV USA. [Kolman, Dave; Jarvinen, Gordon] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0969-8051 J9 NUCL MED BIOL JI Nucl. Med. Biol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 37 IS 6 BP 686 EP 687 DI 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.04.023 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 640TK UT WOS:000281075100038 ER PT J AU Sattelberger, A Poineau, F Forster, P Todorova, T Gagliardi, L Czerwinski, K AF Sattelberger, Alfred Poineau, Frederic Forster, Paul Todorova, Tanya Gagliardi, Laura Czerwinski, Kenneth TI Radioactive electron-rich metal-metal triple bonds: the Tc2X4(PMe3)(4) complexes (X=Cl, Br) SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred] Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. [Sattelberger, Alfred; Poineau, Frederic; Forster, Paul; Czerwinski, Kenneth] Univ Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV USA. [Todorova, Tanya; Gagliardi, Laura] Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Gagliardi, Laura] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0969-8051 J9 NUCL MED BIOL JI Nucl. Med. Biol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 37 IS 6 BP 686 EP 686 DI 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.04.034 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 640TK UT WOS:000281075100036 ER PT J AU Staples, P Chamberlin, J Lacey, J Hamilton, R Fitzgerald, C Lindemyer, J Vandegrift, G Pope, N Ireland, J Dale, G Binder, J Jollay, L AF Staples, Parrish Chamberlin, Jeffrey Lacey, Jennifer Hamilton, Rilla Fitzgerald, Cheryl Lindemyer, Jeffrey Vandegrift, George Pope, Noah Ireland, John Dale, Gregory Binder, Jeffrey Jollay, Lloyd TI GTRI'S efforts to accelerate the establishment of a medical isotope production capability without the use of highly enriched uranium SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lindemyer, Jeffrey] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Vandegrift, George] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pope, Noah; Ireland, John; Dale, Gregory] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Binder, Jeffrey] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RI Dale, Gregory/A-9419-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0969-8051 J9 NUCL MED BIOL JI Nucl. Med. Biol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 37 IS 6 BP 713 EP 713 DI 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.04.058 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 640TK UT WOS:000281075100137 ER PT J AU Dusling, K AF Dusling, Kevin TI Photons as a viscometer of heavy ion collisions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE Viscous hydrodynamics; Photons; Dileptons; Electromagnetic radiation ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; CAUSAL VISCOUS HYDRODYNAMICS; ELLIPTIC FLOW; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE AB The viscous correction to thermal photon production at leading log order is calculated and integrated over the space-time evolution of a hydrodynamic simulation of heavy-ion collisions. The resulting transverse momentum spectra and elliptic flow can be reliably calculated within a hydrodynamic framework up to transverse momenta of q(perpendicular to) approximate to 2.5 GeV and q(perpendicular to) approximate to 1.5 GeV respectively. A non-vanishing viscosity leads to a larger thermalization time when extracted from the experimentally measured inverse slope (T(eff)) of photon q(perpendicular to) spectra. A precise, O(20 MeV), measurement of photon T(eff) can place stringent bounds on tau(0) and eta/s. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dusling, K (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Bldg 510A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kdusling@quark.phy.bnl.gov OI Dusling, Kevin/0000-0001-9598-0416 FU US-DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX I am grateful to Raju Venugopalan for a careful reading of this manuscript and making many valuable suggestions. I would also like to thank Ulrich Heinz, Shu Lin, Rob Pisarski, Derek Teaney and Werner Vogelsang for useful discussions. This work was supported by the US-DOE grant DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 31 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 839 BP 70 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2010.04.001 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 607BA UT WOS:000278472100005 ER PT J AU Campbell, JM Ellis, RK AF Campbell, John M. Ellis, R. K. TI MCFM for the Tevatron and the LHC SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th DESY Workshop on Elementary Particle Theory CY APR 25-30, 2010 CL Worlitz, GERMANY SP DESY AB A summary is given of the current status of the next-to-leading order (NLO) parton-level integrator MCFM. Some details are given about the Higgs + 2-jet process and the production and decay of t (t) over bar, both of which have recently been added to the code. Using MCFM, comparisons between the Tevatron running at root s = 2 TeV and the LHC running at root s = 7 TeV are made for standard model process including the production of Higgs bosons. The case for running the Tevatron until 16fb(-1) are accumulated by both detectors is sketched. C1 [Campbell, John M.; Ellis, R. K.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Campbell, JM (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 39 TC 293 Z9 292 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD AUG-SEP PY 2010 VL 205-06 BP 10 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2010.08.011 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 704VF UT WOS:000286083000003 ER PT J AU Laenen, E Magnea, L Stavenga, G White, CD AF Laenen, E. Magnea, L. Stavenga, G. White, C. D. TI On next-to-eikonal exponentiation SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th DESY Workshop on Elementary Particle Theory CY APR 25-30, 2010 CL Worlitz, GERMANY ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; CROSS-SECTIONS; QCD CORRECTIONS; DRELL-YAN; BREMSSTRAHLUNG; RESUMMATION; EVOLUTION AB The eikonal approximation is at the heart of many theoretical and phenomenological studies involving multiple soft gauge boson emissions in high energy physics. We describe our efforts towards the extension of the eikonal approximation for scattering amplitudes to the first subleading power in the soft momentum. C1 [Laenen, E.] Nikhef, NL-1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Laenen, E.] Univ Utrecht, ITF, NL-3584 CE Utrecht, Netherlands. [Laenen, E.] Univ Amsterdam, ITFA, NL-1090 GL Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Magnea, L.] CERN, PH Dept, TH Grp, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Magnea, L.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Teor, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Stavenga, G.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [White, C. D.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Inst Particle Phys Phenomenol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Laenen, E (reprint author), Nikhef, Sci Pk 105, NL-1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands. OI Magnea, Lorenzo/0000-0002-7016-2756 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD AUG-SEP PY 2010 VL 205-06 BP 260 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2010.09.003 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 704VF UT WOS:000286083000045 ER PT J AU Juchau, CA Dunzik-Gougar, ML Jacobson, JJ AF Juchau, Christopher A. Dunzik-Gougar, Mary Lou Jacobson, Jacob J. TI MODELING THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fuel cycle modeling; discrete material tracking; fuel cycle optimization AB A review of existing analysis codes for nuclear fuel cycle systems was performed to determine if any existing codes meet technical and functional requirements defined for a U.S. national program supporting the global and domestic assessment, development, and deployment of nuclear energy systems. The program would be implemented using an interconnected architecture of different codes ranging from the fuel cycle analysis code, which is the subject of the review, to fundamental physical and mechanistic codes. Four main functions are defined for the code. Function 1 is the ability to characterize and deploy individual fuel cycle facilities and reactors in a simulation while discretely tracking material movements. Function 2 is the capability to perform an uncertainty analysis for each element of the fuel cycle and an aggregate uncertainty analysis. Function 3 is the inclusion of an optimization engine able to optimize simultaneously across multiple objective functions. Function 4 is open and accessible code software and documentation to aid in collaboration between multiple entities and to facilitate software updates. Existing codes, categorized as annualized or discrete fuel tracking codes, were assessed according to the four functions and associated requirements. These codes were developed by various government, education, and industrial entities to fulfill particular needs. In some cases, decisions were made during code development to limit the level of detail included in a code to ease its use or to focus on certain aspects of a fuel cycle to address specific questions. The review revealed that while no two of the codes are identical, they all perform many of the same basic functions. No code was able to perform defined function 2 or several requirements of functions 1 and 3. Based on this review, it was concluded that the functions and requirements will be met only with development of a new code, referred to as GENIUS. C1 [Juchau, Christopher A.] Energy Solut, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Dunzik-Gougar, Mary Lou] Idaho State Univ, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. [Dunzik-Gougar, Mary Lou; Jacobson, Jacob J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Juchau, CA (reprint author), Energy Solut, 2345 Stevens Dr,Suite 240, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM mldg@isu.edu NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 171 IS 2 BP 136 EP 141 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 635VF UT WOS:000280684400002 ER PT J AU Momozaki, Y Cho, DH Sienicki, JJ Moisseytsev, A AF Momozaki, Yoichi Cho, Dae H. Sienicki, James J. Moisseytsev, Anton TI EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ON SODIUM PLUGGING IN NARROW FLOW CHANNELS SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE liquid sodium; heat exchanger; sodium oxide plugging AB A series of experiments was performed to investigate the potential for plugging of narrow flow channels of sodium by impurities (e.g., oxides). In the first phase of the experiments, clean sodium was circulated through the test sections simulating flow channels in a compact diffusion-bonded heat exchanger such as a printed circuit heat exchanger. The primary objective was to see if small channels whose cross sections are semicircles of 2, 4, and 6 mm in diameter are usable in liquid sodium applications where sodium purity is carefully controlled. It was concluded that the 2-mm channels, the smallest of the three, could be used in clean sodium systems at temperatures even as low as 100 to 110 degrees C without plugging. In the second phase, sodium oxide was added to the loop, and the oxygen concentration in the liquid sodium was controlled by means of varying the cold-trap temperature. Intentional plugging was induced by creating a cold spot in the test sections, and the subsequent plugging behavior was observed. It was found that plugging in the 2-mm test section was initiated by lowering the cold spot temperature below the cold-trap temperature by 10 to 30 degrees C. Unplugging of the plugged channels was accomplished by heating the affected test section. C1 [Momozaki, Yoichi; Cho, Dae H.; Sienicki, James J.; Moisseytsev, Anton] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Momozaki, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM momo@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative/Global Nuclear Energy Partnership FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative/Global Nuclear Energy Partnership. The authors are indebted to S. Golub and B. Singh of the DOE's Office of Fast Reactor Development. The authors would like to thank C. B. Reed, M. T. Farmer, C. Grandy, and R. N. Hill for their support of this project. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 171 IS 2 BP 153 EP 160 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 635VF UT WOS:000280684400004 ER PT J AU Evans, TM Stafford, AS Slaybaugh, RN Clarno, KT AF Evans, Thomas M. Stafford, Alissa S. Slaybaugh, Rachel N. Clarno, Kevin T. TI DENOVO: A NEW THREE-DIMENSIONAL PARALLEL DISCRETE ORDINATES CODE IN SCALE SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE radiation transport; discrete ordinates; Boltzmann equation ID DIFFUSION-SYNTHETIC ACCELERATION; EQUATIONS; ALGORITHM; MESHES AB Denovo is a new, three-dimensional, discrete ordinates (S-N) transport code that uses state-of-the-art solution methods to obtain accurate solutions to the Boltzmann transport equation. Denovo uses the Koch-Baker-Alcouffe parallel sweep algorithm to obtain high parallel efficiency on O(100) processors on XYZ orthogonal meshes. As opposed to traditional S-N codes that use source iteration, Denovo uses nonstationary Krylov methods to solve the within-group equations. Krylov methods are far more efficient than stationary schemes. Additionally, classic acceleration schemes (diffusion synthetic acceleration) do not suffer stability problems when used as a preconditioner to a Krylov solver. Denovo's generic programming framework allows multiple spatial discretization schemes and solution methodologies. Denovo currently provides diamond-difference, theta-weighted diamond-difference, linear-discontinuous finite element, trilinear-discontinuous finite element, and step characteristics spatial differencing schemes. Also, users have the option of running traditional source iteration instead of Krylov iteration. Multigroup upscatter problems can be solved using Gauss-Seidel iteration with transport, two-grid acceleration. A parallel first-collision source is also available. Denovo solutions to the Kobayashi benchmarks are in excellent agreement with published results. Parallel performance shows excellent weak scaling up to 20 000 cores and good scaling up to 40000 cores. C1 [Evans, Thomas M.; Stafford, Alissa S.; Slaybaugh, Rachel N.; Clarno, Kevin T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Radiat Transport Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Evans, TM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Radiat Transport Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM evanstm@ornl.gov OI Clarno, Kevin/0000-0002-5999-2978; Slaybaugh, Rachel/0000-0002-6296-6519 NR 28 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 EI 1943-7471 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 171 IS 2 BP 171 EP 200 PG 30 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 635VF UT WOS:000280684400006 ER PT J AU Wang, YF Jove-Colon, CF Mattie, PD Mackinnon, RJ Lord, ME AF Wang, Yifeng Jove-Colon, Carlos F. Mattie, Patrick D. Mackinnon, Robert J. Lord, Michael E. TI HYDROLOGIC, CHEMICAL, AND THERMAL CONSTRAINTS ON WATER AVAILABILITY INSIDE BREACHED WASTE PACKAGES IN THE YUCCA MOUNTAIN REPOSITORY SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nuclear waste disposal; waste package; water availability ID RADIONUCLIDE RELEASE; DISPOSAL CONDITIONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; UNSATURATED ZONE; RIVULET FLOW; SOIL; DISSOLUTION; ENVIRONMENT; CORROSION AB Water is the most important reacting agent that directly controls radionuclide release from a nuclear waste repository to a human-accessible environment. In this paper, we present a water balance model to calculate the amount of water that can accumulate inside or percolate through a breached waste package in Yucca Mountain repository environments as a function of the temperature and relative humidity in the surrounding waste emplacement drift, the rate of water dripping from seepage, the area of breaches on the waste package, and the extent of waste degradation. The model accounts for sheet flows created as water drips fall onto the waste package surface, water vapor diffusion across waste package breaches, and water vapor equilibrium with unsaturated porous corrosion products. Preliminary model simulation results indicate that a breached waste package may maintain a large part of its barrier capability, and probably <1% of the total seepage flux impinging on the waste package surface can enter the package. Vapor diffusion of water through the breaches can be as important as liquid water flow into the waste package. Waste degradation reactions can consume a significant fraction of water entering the waste package. The water saturation inside waste packages will be low (<0.5), and the advective water flux out of a waste package will be small (with the mean value <0.5 l/yr per package) over a wide range of seepage rates considered (1 to 1000 l/yr). Furthermore, the ionic strength of in-package water will remain relatively high for the first 10 000 yr, which will likely destabilize colloid suspensions and limit colloid releases. C1 [Wang, Yifeng; Jove-Colon, Carlos F.; Mattie, Patrick D.; Mackinnon, Robert J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Lord, Michael E.] Intera Inc, Las Vegas, NV 89144 USA. RP Wang, YF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ywang@sandia.gov FU DOE [DE-AC04-94AL8500]; DOE Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management FX This work was performed at Sandia National Laboratories, which is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Company, for the DOE under contract DE-AC04-94AL8500. The work was supported by the DOE Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management Yucca Mountain Program. We thank S. Mehta of Intera, Inc., for an insightful discussion on water flow in unsaturated media and for his help with an early version of model implementation. We also thank fellow Sandians R. Finch for deriving HLWG dissolution rates from natural analog data, P. Mariner for a useful discussion on in-package chemistry, and C. Bryan for his review of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 171 IS 2 BP 201 EP 219 PG 19 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 635VF UT WOS:000280684400007 ER PT J AU Berquist, BR Singh, DK Fan, JS Kim, D Gillenwater, E Kulkarni, A Bohr, VA Ackerman, EJ Tomkinson, AE Wilson, DM AF Berquist, Brian R. Singh, Dharmendra Kumar Fan, Jinshui Kim, Daemyung Gillenwater, Elizabeth Kulkarni, Avanti Bohr, Vilhelm A. Ackerman, Eric J. Tomkinson, Alan E. Wilson, David M., III TI Functional capacity of XRCC1 protein variants identified in DNA repair-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cell lines and the human population SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BASE EXCISION-REPAIR; STRAND-BREAK REPAIR; POLYMERASE-BETA INTERACTION; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; LIGASE-III; CANCER-RISK; DAMAGE; BINDING; POLYMORPHISMS; DISEASE AB XRCC1 operates as a scaffold protein in base excision repair, a pathway that copes with base and sugar damage in DNA. Studies using recombinant XRCC1 proteins revealed that: a C389Y substitution, responsible for the repair defects of the EM-C11 CHO cell line, caused protein instability; a V86R mutation abolished the interaction with POL beta, but did not disrupt the interactions with PARP-1, LIG3 alpha and PCNA; and an E98K substitution, identified in EM-C12, reduced protein integrity, marginally destabilized the POL beta interaction, and slightly enhanced DNA binding. Two rare (P161L and Y576S) and two frequent (R194W and R399Q) amino acid population variants had little or no effect on XRCC1 protein stability or the interactions with POL beta, PARP-1, LIG3 alpha, PCNA or DNA. One common population variant (R280H) had no pronounced effect on the interactions with POL beta, PARP-1, LIG3 alpha and PCNA, but did reduce DNA-binding ability. When expressed in HeLa cells, the XRCC1 variants-excluding E98K, which was largely nucleolar, and C389Y, which exhibited reduced expression-exhibited normal nuclear distribution. Most of the protein variants, including the V86R POL beta-interaction mutant, displayed normal relocalization kinetics to/from sites of laser-induced DNA damage: except for E98K and C389Y, and the polymorphic variant R280H, which exhibited a slightly shorter retention time at DNA breaks. C1 [Berquist, Brian R.; Singh, Dharmendra Kumar; Bohr, Vilhelm A.; Wilson, David M., III] NIA, Lab Mol Gerontol, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Fan, Jinshui; Tomkinson, Alan E.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Kim, Daemyung] Cheongju Univ, Dept Genet Engn, Cheongju 360764, South Korea. [Gillenwater, Elizabeth] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Kulkarni, Avanti] UCSF Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. [Ackerman, Eric J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Nanobiol, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Wilson, DM (reprint author), NIA, Lab Mol Gerontol, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM wilsonda@mail.nih.gov FU National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health; National Institute on Aging [ES12512, CA92584] FX Funding for open access charge: Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health; National Institute on Aging; (ES12512 and CA92584 to A. E. T.). NR 56 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 38 IS 15 BP 5023 EP 5035 DI 10.1093/nar/gkq193 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 644BR UT WOS:000281345900019 PM 20385586 ER PT J AU Cao, Z Kuhne, WW Steeb, J Merkley, MA Zhou, YF Janata, J Dynan, WS AF Cao, Zhen Kuhne, Wendy W. Steeb, Jennifer Merkley, Mark A. Zhou, Yunfeng Janata, Jiri Dynan, William S. TI Use of a microscope stage-mounted Nickel-63 microirradiator for real-time observation of the DNA double-strand break response SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; MICROBEAM FACILITIES; CELLULAR-RESPONSES; ELECTRON MICROBEAM; IRRADIATION; RADIATION; CHROMATIN; 53BP1; DAMAGE AB Eukaryotic cells begin to assemble discrete, nucleoplasmic repair foci within seconds after the onset of exposure to ionizing radiation. Real-time imaging of this assembly has the potential to further our understanding of the effects of medical and environmental radiation exposure. Here, we describe a microirradiation system for targeted delivery of ionizing radiation to individual cells without the need for specialized facilities. The system consists of a 25-micron diameter electroplated Nickel-63 electrode, enveloped in a glass capillary and mounted in a micromanipulator. Because of the low energy of the beta radiation and the minute total amount of isotope present on the tip, the device can be safely handled with minimum precautions. We demonstrate the use of this system for tracking assembly of individual repair foci in real time in live U2OS human osteosarcoma cells. Results indicate that there is a subset of foci that appear and disappear rapidly, before a plateau level is reached similar to 30 min post-exposure. This subset of foci would not have been evident without real-time observation. The development of a microirradiation system that is compatible with a standard biomedical laboratory expands the potential for real-time investigation of the biological effects of ionizing radiation. C1 [Cao, Zhen; Kuhne, Wendy W.; Merkley, Mark A.; Dynan, William S.] Med Coll Georgia, Inst Mol Med & Genet, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. [Cao, Zhen; Zhou, Yunfeng] Wuhan Univ, Dept Chemotherapy & Radiat Oncol, Zhongnan Hosp, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Kuhne, Wendy W.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Steeb, Jennifer; Janata, Jiri] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Dynan, WS (reprint author), Med Coll Georgia, Inst Mol Med & Genet, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. EM wdynan@mcg.edu FU National Institutes of Health Roadmap for Biomedical Research (US Public Health Service) [National Institutes of Health Roadmap for Biomedical Research (US Public Health Service Award EY018244]; US Department of Energy [DE-SC0002343]; National Institutes of Health [ES015663]; Georgia Research Alliance (GRA) FX National Institutes of Health Roadmap for Biomedical Research (US Public Health Service Award EY018244); US Department of Energy Low Dose Radiation Research Program (DE-SC0002343); National Institutes of Health National Research Service Award (ES015663 to W. K.); Georgia Research Alliance (GRA) Eminent Scholar Challenge Grant (to W. S. D. and J.J.). Funding for open access charge: US Public Health Service. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 38 IS 14 AR e144 DI 10.1093/nar/gkq409 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 638UM UT WOS:000280922400001 PM 20484377 ER PT J AU Oh, J Fung, E Price, MN Dehal, PS Davis, RW Giaever, G Nislow, C Arkin, AP Deutschbauer, A AF Oh, Julia Fung, Eula Price, Morgan N. Dehal, Paramvir S. Davis, Ronald W. Giaever, Guri Nislow, Corey Arkin, Adam P. Deutschbauer, Adam TI A universal TagModule collection for parallel genetic analysis of microorganisms SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS MR-1; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; DELETION MUTANTS; GENOME; YEAST; IDENTIFICATION; MUTAGENESIS; TRANSPOSON; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Systems-level analyses of non-model microorganisms are limited by the existence of numerous uncharacterized genes and a corresponding over-reliance on automated computational annotations. One solution to this challenge is to disrupt gene function using DNA tag technology, which has been highly successful in parallelizing reverse genetics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and has led to discoveries in gene function, genetic interactions and drug mechanism of action. To extend the yeast DNA tag methodology to a wide variety of microorganisms and applications, we have created a universal, sequence-verified TagModule collection. A hallmark of the 4280 TagModules is that they are cloned into a Gateway entry vector, thus facilitating rapid transfer to any compatible genetic system. Here, we describe the application of the TagModules to rapidly generate tagged mutants by transposon mutagenesis in the metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. Our results demonstrate the optimal hybridization properties of the TagModule collection, the flexibility in applying the strategy to diverse microorganisms and the biological insights that can be gained from fitness profiling tagged mutant collections. The publicly available TagModule collection is a platform-independent resource for the functional genomics of a wide range of microbial systems in the post-genome era. C1 [Price, Morgan N.; Dehal, Paramvir S.; Arkin, Adam P.; Deutschbauer, Adam] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Oh, Julia; Davis, Ronald W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA. [Oh, Julia; Fung, Eula; Davis, Ronald W.] Stanford Genome Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Price, Morgan N.; Dehal, Paramvir S.; Arkin, Adam P.; Deutschbauer, Adam] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Virtual Inst Microbial Stress & Survival, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Giaever, Guri] Univ Toronto, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada. [Nislow, Corey] Univ Toronto, Dept Mol Genet, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. RP Deutschbauer, A (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 977-152, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM corey.nislow@utoronto.ca; aparkin@lbl.gov; amdeutschbauer@lbl.gov RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931 FU National Human Genome Research Institute [HG003317, R01 HG003317, T32 HG00044]; National Institutes of Health [P01 GH000205]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [F32GM080968]; Virtual Institute for Microbial Stress and Survival; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The National Human Genome Research Institute (Grant Numbers HG003317 and R01 HG003317 to C.N., G. G., and R. W. D.); Stanford Genome Training Program (Grant Number T32 HG00044 from the National Human Genome Research Institute to J.O.) and the National Institutes of Health (Grant Number P01 GH000205 to J.O.); National Institutes of Health NRSA postdoctoral fellowship (Grant Number F32GM080968 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences to A. D.); and Virtual Institute for Microbial Stress and Survival (http://VIMSS.lbl.gov) supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Genomics Program: GTL through contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the U.S. Department of Energy. Funding for open access charge: Virtual Institute for Microbial Stress and Survival (http://VIMSS.lbl.gov) supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Genomics Program: GTL through contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 42 TC 33 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 38 IS 14 AR e146 DI 10.1093/nar/gkq419 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 638UM UT WOS:000280922400003 PM 20494978 ER PT J AU Olson, LN Schroder, J Tuminaro, RS AF Olson, Luke N. Schroder, Jacob Tuminaro, Raymond S. TI A new perspective on strength measures in algebraic multigrid SO NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE algebraic multigrid (AMG); smoothed aggregation (SA); algebraic coarsening ID SMOOTHED AGGREGATION AB Algebraic-based multilevel solution methods (e.g. classical Ruge-Stuben and smoothed aggregation style algebraic multigrid) attempt to solve or precondition sparse linear systems without knowledge of an underlying geometric grid. The automatic construction of a multigrid hierarchy relies on strength-of connection information to coarsen the matrix graph and to determine sparsity patterns for the inter-grid transfer operators. Strength-of-connection as a general concept is not well understood and the first task of this paper is therefore on understanding existing strength-of-connection measures and their limitations. In particular, we present a framework to interpret and clarify existing measures through differential equations. This framework leads to a new procedure for making pointwise strength-of-connection decisions that combines knowledge of local algebraically smooth error and of the local behavior of interpolation. The new procedure effectively addresses a variety of challenges associated with strength-of-connection and when incorporated within an algebraic multigrid procedure gives rise to a robust and efficient solver. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Olson, Luke N.; Schroder, Jacob] Univ Illinois, Siebel Ctr Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Tuminaro, Raymond S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Schroder, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Siebel Ctr Comp Sci, 201 N Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. FU NSF [DMS-0612448]; Sandia Corporation [DE-AC04-94-AL85000] FX Contract/grant sponsor: NSF; contract/grant number: DMS-0612448; Contract/grant sponsor: Sandia Corporation; contract/grant number: DE-AC04-94-AL85000 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1070-5325 J9 NUMER LINEAR ALGEBR JI Numer. Linear Algebr. Appl. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 17 IS 4 BP 713 EP 733 DI 10.1002/nla.669 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 632UH UT WOS:000280453900007 ER PT J AU Yarnazaki, I Li, XS Ng, EG AF Yarnazaki, I. Li, X. S. Ng, E. G. TI Preconditioning Schur Complement Systems of Highly-Indefinite Linear Systems for a Parallel Hybrid Solver SO NUMERICAL MATHEMATICS-THEORY METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Preconditioning Techniques for Scientific and Industrial Applications CY AUG 24-26, 2009 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Schur complement method; preconditioning; matrix preprocessing ID MATRICES AB A parallel hybrid linear solver based on the Schur complement method has the potential to balance the robustness of direct solvers with the efficiency of preconditioned iterative solvers. However, when solving large-scale highly-indefinite linear systems, this hybrid solver often suffers from either slow convergence or large memory requirements to solve the Schur complement systems. To overcome this challenge, we in this paper discuss techniques to preprocess the Schur complement systems in parallel. Numerical results of solving large-scale highly-indefinite linear systems from various applications demonstrate that these techniques improve the reliability and performance of the hybrid solver and enable efficient solutions of these linear systems on hundreds of processors, which was previously infeasible using existing state-of-the-art solvers. C1 [Yarnazaki, I.; Li, X. S.; Ng, E. G.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Yarnazaki, I (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. EM ic.yamazaki@gmail.com; XSLi@lbl.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GLOBAL SCIENCE PRESS PI WANCHAI PA ROOM 3208, CENTRAL PLAZA, 18 HARBOUR RD, WANCHAI, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1004-8979 J9 NUMER MATH-THEORY ME JI Numer. Math.-Theory Methods Appl. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 352 EP 366 DI 10.4208/nmtma.2010.33.5 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 640KN UT WOS:000281050200005 ER PT J AU Liao, ZM Spaeth, ML Manes, K Adams, JJ Carr, CW AF Liao, Zhi M. Spaeth, M. L. Manes, K. Adams, J. J. Carr, C. W. TI Predicting laser-induced bulk damage and conditioning for deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals using an absorption distribution model SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOSECOND PULSES AB We present an empirical model that describes the experimentally observed laser-induced bulk damage and conditioning behavior in deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) crystals. The model expands on an existing nanoabsorber precursor model and the multistep absorption mechanism to include two populations of absorbing defects, one with linear absorption and another with nonlinear absorption. We show that this model connects previously uncorrelated small-beam damage initiation probability data to large-beam damage density measurements over a range of nanosecond pulse widths. In addition, this work predicts the damage behavior of laser-conditioned DKDP. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Liao, Zhi M.; Spaeth, M. L.; Manes, K.; Adams, J. J.; Carr, C. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Liao, ZM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM liao2@llnl.gov RI Carr, Chris/F-7163-2013; Liao, Zhi/G-3729-2013 FU United States Department of Energy (DOE) by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; LLNL office of LDRD [LLNL-JRNL-423636] FX The authors thank Paul J. Wegner for his helpful review of this manuscript and the OSL crew for their dedication and high standards. This work is performed under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy (DOE) by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and funded through the LLNL office of LDRD (LLNL-JRNL-423636). NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 15 BP 2538 EP 2540 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 640MW UT WOS:000281056700013 PM 20680050 ER PT J AU Voronov, DL Ahn, M Anderson, EH Cambie, R Chang, CH Gullikson, EM Heilmann, RK Salmassi, F Schattenburg, ML Warwick, T Yashchuk, VV Zipp, L Padmore, HA AF Voronov, Dmitriy L. Ahn, Minseung Anderson, Erik H. Cambie, Rossana Chang, Chih-Hao Gullikson, Eric M. Heilmann, Ralf K. Salmassi, Farhad Schattenburg, Mark L. Warwick, Tony Yashchuk, Valeriy V. Zipp, Lucas Padmore, Howard A. TI High-efficiency 5000 lines/mm multilayer-coated blazed grating for extreme ultraviolet wavelengths SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FABRICATION AB Volume x-ray gratings consisting of a multilayer coating deposited on a blazed substrate can diffract with very high efficiency, even in high orders if diffraction conditions in-plane (grating) and out-of-plane (Bragg multilayer) are met simultaneously. This remarkable property, however, depends critically on the ability to create a structure with near atomic perfection. In this Letter we report on a method to produce these structures. We report measurements that show, for a 5000 l/mm grating diffracting in the third order, a diffraction efficiency of 37.6% at a wavelength of 13.6 nm. This work now shows a direct route to achieving high diffraction efficiency in high order at wavelengths throughout the soft x-ray energy range. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Voronov, Dmitriy L.; Anderson, Erik H.; Cambie, Rossana; Gullikson, Eric M.; Salmassi, Farhad; Warwick, Tony; Yashchuk, Valeriy V.; Zipp, Lucas; Padmore, Howard A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ahn, Minseung; Chang, Chih-Hao; Heilmann, Ralf K.; Schattenburg, Mark L.] MIT, Space Nanotechnol Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Voronov, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dlvoronov@lbl.gov RI Chang, Chih-Hao/E-9642-2011; Heilmann, Ralf/D-4680-2009 FU United States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 13 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 15 BP 2615 EP 2617 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 640MW UT WOS:000281056700039 PM 20680076 ER PT J AU Steirer, KX Chesin, JP Widjonarko, NE Berry, JJ Miedaner, A Ginley, DS Olson, DC AF Steirer, K. Xerxes Chesin, Jordan P. Widjonarko, N. Edwin Berry, Joseph J. Miedaner, Alex Ginley, David S. Olson, Dana C. TI Solution deposited NiO thin-films as hole transport layers in organic photovoltaics SO ORGANIC ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Hole transport layer; Nickel oxide; NiO; Organic solar cells; Anode surface modifier; PEDOT:PSS ID HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR-CELLS; EFFICIENCY; INTERFACE; OXIDE AB Organic solar cells require suitable anode surface modifiers in order to selectively collect positive charge carriers and improve device performance. We employ a nickel metal organic ink precursor to fabricate NiO hole transport layers on indium tin oxide anodes. This solution deposited NiO annealed at 250 degrees C and plasma treated, achieves similar OPV device results reported with NiO films from PLD as well as PEDOT:PSS. We demonstrate a tunable work function by post-processing the NiO with an O(2)-plasma surface treatment of varied power and time. We find that plasma treatment is necessary for optimal device performance. Optimal devices utilizing a solution deposited NiO hole transport layer show lower series resistance and increased fill factor when compared to solar cells with PEDOT: PSS. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Steirer, K. Xerxes] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Appl Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Steirer, K. Xerxes; Widjonarko, N. Edwin; Berry, Joseph J.; Miedaner, Alex; Ginley, David S.; Olson, Dana C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Chesin, Jordan P.] Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Widjonarko, N. Edwin] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Steirer, KX (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Appl Phys, 1523 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ksteirer@mines.edu; dana.olson@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001009, DE-SC0001084]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science's Science Undergraduate Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy through the National Center for Photovoltaics [DOE-AC36-08GO28308]; Center for Interface Science: Solar-Electric Materials (CIS:SEM) FX We received support for this work from: (1) Center for Energy Efficient Materials, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award No. DE-SC0001009, (2) the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science's Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship Program, (3) U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DOE-AC36-08GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory DOE SETP program through the National Center for Photovoltaics and (4) the Center for Interface Science: Solar-Electric Materials (CIS:SEM), an Energy Frontier Research Center Funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Sciences, under Award No. DE-SC0001084. K.X. Steirer is supported by (1), Jordan P. Chesin was supported by (2) N. Edwin Widjonarko is supported by (3) and (4), Alex Miedaner is supported by (3) and Joseph J. Berry, David S. Ginley, and Dana C. Olson are supported by (1), (3), and (4). NR 19 TC 153 Z9 155 U1 11 U2 120 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-1199 J9 ORG ELECTRON JI Org. Electron. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1414 EP 1418 DI 10.1016/j.orgel.2010.05.008 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 629JV UT WOS:000280194400013 ER PT J AU Brady, MP Tortorelli, PF More, KL Walker, LR AF Brady, M. P. Tortorelli, P. F. More, K. L. Walker, L. R. TI Sulfidation-Oxidation Behavior of FeCrAl and TiCrAl and the Third-Element Effect SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE Sulfidation; Oxidation; Third-element effect; Titanium aluminide; Alumina ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE CORROSION; AL-CR ALLOYS; COAL GASIFIER ATMOSPHERE; ALUMINA SCALE FORMATION; TIAL-BASED ALLOYS; ISOTHERMAL OXIDATION; IRON ALUMINIDES; AL2O3 SCALES; FE-AL; INTERMETALLICS AB Short-term sulfidation-oxidation exposures were conducted under high pS(2) and low pO(2) conditions for TiCrAl and FeCrAl alloys at 600 and 800 A degrees C. Low mass gains and submicron Al-and Ti-rich oxide scales were formed on TiCrAl at 600 A degrees C, while high mass gains and FeS-based scale formation were observed for FeCrAl. Based on the good behavior of TiCrAl, third-element effect additions of Cr are not inherently detrimental under sulfidation-oxidation conditions. Rather, differences in the mechanistic action of the third-element addition of Cr between FeCrAl and TiCrAl alloys and its relevance to low oxygen potential sulfidation-oxidation environments were the key factors in determining whether or not a protective alumina scale was established. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Brady, MP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bradymp@ornl.gov RI Tortorelli, Peter/E-2433-2011; Brady, Michael/A-8122-2008; More, Karren/A-8097-2016 OI Brady, Michael/0000-0003-1338-4747; More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Fossil Energy Advanced Research Materials Program; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The authors thank I.G. Wright, T. Bessman, S. Dryepondt, and B.A. Pint for reviewing this manuscript. Funding from the U.S. Department of Energy's Fossil Energy Advanced Research Materials Program is gratefully acknowledged. Research supported by ORNL's SHaRE User Facility, which is sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, the U.S. Department of Energy. ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the US DOE under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Notice: This submission was sponsored by a contractor of the United States Government under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the United States Department of Energy. The United States Government retains, and the publisher, by accepting this submission for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains, a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this submission, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0030-770X EI 1573-4889 J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1007/s11085-010-9194-6 PG 9 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 623CK UT WOS:000279715000001 ER PT J AU Shin, M Besser, LM Siffel, C Kucik, JE Shaw, GM Lu, CX Correa, A AF Shin, Mikyong Besser, Lilah M. Siffel, Csaba Kucik, James E. Shaw, Gary M. Lu, Chengxing Correa, Adolfo CA Congenital Anomaly Multistate TI Prevalence of Spina Bifida Among Children and Adolescents in 10 Regions in the United States SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Teratology-Society CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP Teratol Soc DE spina bifida; prevalence; children; adolescents; epidemiology ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; HOUSTON HARRIS-COUNTY; HEALTH-CARE; BIRTH-DEFECTS; RISK-FACTORS; METROPOLITAN ATLANTA; HISPANIC ORIGIN; POPULATION; IMPACT AB OBJECTIVE: The goal was to estimate the number of children and adolescents, 0 to 19 years of age, living with spina bifida (SB) in the United States. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted by using population-based, birth defect surveillance data from 10 US regions, with vital status ascertainment. Birth defect surveillance data were obtained from Arkansas, Georgia (5 central counties of metropolitan Atlanta), California (11 counties), Colorado, Iowa, New York (New York City excluded), North Carolina, Oklahoma, Texas, and Utah. We estimated the numbers of children 0 to 19 years of age who were living with SB in the 10 US regions in 2002, according to age group, race/ethnicity, and gender, and examined a long-term trend in the prevalence of SB among children 0 to 11 years of age in 1991-2002. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of SB among children and adolescents 0 to 19 years of age in the study regions was 3.1 cases per 10 000 in 2002. The prevalence of SB among children was lower among male and non-Hispanic black children. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence estimates of SB among children and adolescents varied according to region, race/ethnicity, and gender, which suggests possible variations in prevalence at birth and/or inequities in survival rates. Additional studies are warranted to elucidate the reasons for these variations and to derive prevalence estimates of SB among adults. Pediatrics 2010;126:274-279 C1 [Shin, Mikyong; Besser, Lilah M.; Siffel, Csaba; Kucik, James E.; Lu, Chengxing; Correa, Adolfo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Shin, Mikyong; Lu, Chengxing] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Siffel, Csaba] Comp Sci Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. [Shaw, Gary M.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatal & Dev Med, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Shin, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mshin@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 2010 VL 126 IS 2 BP 274 EP 279 DI 10.1542/peds.2009-2084 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 634FO UT WOS:000280565700013 PM 20624803 ER PT J AU Anderson, J Massaro, R Lewis, L Moyers, R Wilkins, J AF Anderson, J. Massaro, R. Lewis, L. Moyers, R. Wilkins, J. TI Lidar-activated Phosphors and Infrared Retro-Reflectors: Emerging Target Materials for Calibration and Control SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Anderson, J.; Massaro, R.; Wilkins, J.] USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. [Lewis, L.; Moyers, R.] US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Labs, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Anderson, J (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. EM john.anderson@usace.army.mil NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 76 IS 8 BP 877 EP 881 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 632QD UT WOS:000280439800002 ER PT J AU Cunniffe, JP McNally, DE Liberati, M Arenholz, E McGuinness, C McGilp, JF AF Cunniffe, J. P. McNally, D. E. Liberati, M. Arenholz, E. McGuinness, C. McGilp, J. F. TI X-ray magnetic circular dichroism and reflection anisotropy spectroscopy Kerr effect studies of capped magnetic nanowires SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Optics of Surfaces and Interfaces (OSI-VIII) CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Ischia, ITALY DE magnetic nanowires; reflection anisotropy spectroscopy; X-ray magnetic circular dichroism ID FILMS; CO; WIRES; FE; NI; AU AB Aligned Co wires grown on Pt(997) under ultra-high vacuum conditions have been capped successfully by the epitaxial growth of Au monolayers (ML) at room temperature. The samples were kept under vacuum except when transferring between apparatus or when making some of the measurements. No degradation of the Co wires was detected during the measurements. The magneto-optic response of the system was measured using X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the Co L-2,L-3 edge and reflection anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) at near normal incidence, which is sensitive to the normal component of the out-of-plane magnetization via the Kerr effect (MOKE). Capping the wires significantly impacts their magnetic properties. Comparison of the magneto-optic response of the system at X-ray and optical energies reveals small differences that are attributed to the induced moment in the Pt substrate and Au capping layer not picked up by the element specific XMCD measurements. The sensitivity of RAS-MOKE is sufficient to allow the determination of the easy axis direction of the capped wires to within a few degrees. The results for a 6-atom-wide Co wire sample, capped with 6 ML of Au, are consistent with the capped wires possessing perpendicular magnetization. (C) 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Cunniffe, J. P.; McNally, D. E.; McGuinness, C.; McGilp, J. F.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Liberati, M.; Arenholz, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McGilp, JF (reprint author), Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. EM jmcgilp@tcd.ie RI Gastelois, Pedro/F-3891-2012; McGuinness, Cormac/C-6808-2008; OI McGuinness, Cormac/0000-0002-3095-330X; McGilp, John/0000-0002-5707-2182 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 247 IS 8 BP 2108 EP 2112 DI 10.1002/pssb.200983922 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 640ZJ UT WOS:000281092600046 ER PT J AU Nikolenko, DM Arenhovel, H Arrington, J Barkov, LM Belostotski, SL de Vries, H Gilman, R Gramolin, AV Dmitriev, VF Zevakov, SA Karnakov, IV Lazarenko, BA Mishnev, SI Muchnoi, NY Nelyubin, VV Osipov, AV Potterveld, DH Rachek, IA Sadykov, RS Stibunov, VN Toporkov, DK Holt, RJ Shestakov, YV Shekhtman, LI AF Nikolenko, D. M. Arenhoevel, H. Arrington, J. Barkov, L. M. Belostotski, S. L. de Vries, H. Gilman, R. Gramolin, A. V. Dmitriev, V. F. Zevakov, S. A. Karnakov, I. V. Lazarenko, B. A. Mishnev, S. I. Muchnoi, N. Yu Nelyubin, V. V. Osipov, A. V. Potterveld, D. H. Rachek, I. A. Sadykov, R. Sh Stibunov, V. N. Toporkov, D. K. Holt, R. J. Shestakov, Yu V. Shekhtman, L. I. TI Experiments with internal targets at the VEPP-3 electron storage ring SO PHYSICS OF ATOMIC NUCLEI LA English DT Article ID DEUTERON ELASTIC-SCATTERING; ANALYZING POWER COMPONENTS; TENSOR ANALYZING POWERS; HIGH PROTON MOMENTA; POLARIZATION OBSERVABLES; PION-PHOTOPRODUCTION; ETA PHOTOPRODUCTION; FORM-FACTORS; PHOTODISINTEGRATION; COHERENT AB An overview of the recently completed, current, and planned experiments with internal targets at the VEPP-3 electron-positron storage ring in Novosibirsk is given. The results of the experiment to separately measure the deuteron form factors in elastic ed scattering in the range of momentum transfer Q (2) = 8-15 fm(-2) are provided. The results of measuring the tensor analyzing power components of the tensor-polarized deuteron photodisintegration reaction in the range of gamma-quantum energies E (gamma) = 25-600 MeV are presented. The tensor analyzing powers of the coherent photoproduction of a neutral pion on a tensor-polarized deuteron have been measured for the first time. The almost-real photon tagging system being created is discussed. The status of the experiment under way to determine the contribution of two-photon exchange to the elastic ep scattering cross section is described. C1 [Nikolenko, D. M.; Barkov, L. M.; Gramolin, A. V.; Dmitriev, V. F.; Zevakov, S. A.; Karnakov, I. V.; Lazarenko, B. A.; Mishnev, S. I.; Muchnoi, N. Yu; Rachek, I. A.; Sadykov, R. Sh; Toporkov, D. K.; Shestakov, Yu V.; Shekhtman, L. I.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Arenhoevel, H.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Kernphys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Arrington, J.; Potterveld, D. H.; Holt, R. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Belostotski, S. L.; Nelyubin, V. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. [de Vries, H.] NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Gilman, R.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. [Nelyubin, V. V.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. [Osipov, A. V.; Stibunov, V. N.] Tomsk Polytech Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Tomsk 634050, Russia. RP Nikolenko, DM (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Pr Akad Lavrenteva 11, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. EM D.M.Nikolenko@inp.nsk.su RI Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011; Gramolin, Alexander/C-1218-2011; Arrington, John/D-1116-2012; Dmitriev, Vladimir/G-3213-2013; Muchnoi, Nickolai/N-3611-2015 OI Gramolin, Alexander/0000-0001-5436-7375; Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328; Muchnoi, Nickolai/0000-0003-2936-0029 FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [01-02-16929-a, 04-02-16434-a, 05-02-17688-a, 08-02-00624-a, 08-02-01155-a]; Federal Agency for Science and Innovations [02.740.11.0245.1]; Federal Agency for Education [P522]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project nos. 01-02-16929-a, 04-02-16434-a, 05-02-17688-a, 08-02-00624-a, and 08-02-01155-a), the Federal Agency for Science and Innovations (under the Contract no. 02.740.11.0245.1), the Federal Agency for Education in the context of the "Scientific and Scientific-Educational Personnel of Innovational Russia" Federal Goal-Oriented Program for 2009-2013 (under the State Contract no. P522), and the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics (under the Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357). NR 57 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7788 J9 PHYS ATOM NUCL+ JI Phys. Atom. Nuclei PD AUG PY 2010 VL 73 IS 8 BP 1322 EP 1338 DI 10.1134/S1063778810080065 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 640MG UT WOS:000281055100005 ER PT J AU Bell, RE Andre, R Kaye, SM Kolesnikov, RA LeBlanc, BP Rewoldt, G Wang, WX Sabbagh, SA AF Bell, R. E. Andre, R. Kaye, S. M. Kolesnikov, R. A. LeBlanc, B. P. Rewoldt, G. Wang, W. X. Sabbagh, S. A. TI Comparison of poloidal velocity measurements to neoclassical theory on the National Spherical Torus Experiment(a)) SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE RECOMBINATION SPECTROSCOPY; SPLINE FUNCTIONS; TOKAMAK PLASMA; TRANSPORT; ROTATION; SPECTRA; HYDROGEN; NSTX AB Knowledge of poloidal velocity is necessary for the determination of the radial electric field, which along with its gradient is linked to turbulence suppression and transport barrier formation. Recent measurements of poloidal flow on conventional tokamaks have been reported to be an order of magnitude larger than expected from neoclassical theory. In contrast, poloidal velocity measurements on the NSTX spherical torus [Kaye et al., Phys. Plasmas 8, 1977 (2001)] are near or below neoclassical estimates. A novel charge exchange recombination spectroscopy diagnostic is used, which features active and passive sets of up/down symmetric views to produce line-integrated poloidal velocity measurements that do not need atomic physics corrections. Inversions are used to extract local profiles from line-integrated active and background measurements. Poloidal velocity measurements are compared with neoclassical values computed with the codes NCLASS [Houlberg et al., Phys. Plasmas 4, 3230 (1997)] and GTC-NEO [Wang et al., Phys. Plasmas 13, 082501 (2006)]. c 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3478571] C1 [Bell, R. E.; Andre, R.; Kaye, S. M.; Kolesnikov, R. A.; LeBlanc, B. P.; Rewoldt, G.; Wang, W. X.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Sabbagh, S. A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Bell, RE (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM rbell@pppl.gov RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-09CH11466] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-09CH11466. NR 29 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2010 VL 17 IS 8 AR 082507 DI 10.1063/1.3478571 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 651EA UT WOS:000281906300036 ER PT J AU Benisti, D Morice, O Gremillet, L Siminos, E Strozzi, DJ AF Benisti, Didier Morice, Olivier Gremillet, Laurent Siminos, Evangelos Strozzi, David J. TI Nonlinear group velocity of an electron plasma wave SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; RAMAN-SCATTERING; VLASOV CODE; ACCELERATION; DYNAMICS AB The nonlinear group velocity of an electron plasma wave is investigated numerically using a Vlasov code, and is found to assume values which agree very well with those predicted by a recently published theory [D. Benisti et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 155002 (2009)], which we further detail here. In particular we show that, once Landau damping has been substantially reduced due to trapping, the group velocity of an electron plasma wave is not the derivative of its frequency with respect to its wave number. This result is moreover discussed physically, together with its implications in the saturation of stimulated Raman scattering. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3464467] C1 [Benisti, Didier; Morice, Olivier; Gremillet, Laurent; Siminos, Evangelos] CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. [Strozzi, David J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, AX Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Benisti, D (reprint author), CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. EM didier.benisti@cea.fr RI Siminos, Evangelos/G-2506-2010; OI Siminos, Evangelos/0000-0002-1484-0559; Strozzi, David/0000-0001-8814-3791 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX One of the authors (D.B.) wants to thank Professor A. Bers for the reference to Whitham's book. Work at LLNL was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344, LDRD tracking number 08-ERD-017. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2010 VL 17 IS 8 AR 082301 DI 10.1063/1.3464467 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 651EA UT WOS:000281906300013 ER PT J AU Berkery, JW Sabbagh, SA Reimerdes, H Betti, R Hu, B Bell, RE Gerhardt, SP Manickam, J Podesta, M AF Berkery, J. W. Sabbagh, S. A. Reimerdes, H. Betti, R. Hu, B. Bell, R. E. Gerhardt, S. P. Manickam, J. Podesta, M. TI The role of kinetic effects, including plasma rotation and energetic particles, in resistive wall mode stability(a)) SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-BETA; DIII-D; STABILIZATION; NSTX; TOKAMAKS; PHYSICS AB The resistive wall mode (RWM) instability in high-beta tokamaks is stabilized by energy dissipation mechanisms that depend on plasma rotation and kinetic effects. Kinetic modification of ideal stability calculated with the "MISK" code [B. Hu et al., Phys. Plasmas 12, 057301 (2005)] is outlined. For an advanced scenario ITER [R. Aymar et al., Nucl. Fusion 41, 1301 (2001)] plasma, the present calculation finds that alpha particles are required for RWM stability at presently expected levels of plasma rotation. Kinetic stabilization theory is tested in an experiment in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) [M. Ono et al., Nucl. Fusion 40, 557 (2000)] that produced marginally stable plasmas with various energetic particle contents. Plasmas with the highest and lowest energetic particle content agree with calculations predicting that increased energetic particle pressure is stabilizing but does not alter the nonmonotonic dependence of stability on plasma rotation due to thermal particle resonances. Presently, the full MISK model, including thermal particles and an isotropic slowing-down distribution function for energetic particles, overpredicts stability in NSTX experiments. Minor alteration of either effect in the theory may yield agreement; several possibilities are discussed. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3474925] C1 [Berkery, J. W.; Sabbagh, S. A.; Reimerdes, H.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Betti, R.; Hu, B.; Bell, R. E.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Gerhardt, S. P.; Manickam, J.; Podesta, M.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Berkery, JW (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM jberkery@pppl.gov RI Berkery, John/B-7930-2011; Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-99ER54524, DE-FG02-93ER54215, DE-AC02-09CH11466] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Nos. DE-FG02-99ER54524, DE-FG02-93ER54215, and DE-AC02-09CH11466. NR 39 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2010 VL 17 IS 8 AR 082504 DI 10.1063/1.3474925 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 651EA UT WOS:000281906300033 ER PT J AU Bonfiglio, D Chacon, L Cappello, S AF Bonfiglio, D. Chacon, L. Cappello, S. TI Nonlinear three-dimensional verification of the SPECYL and PIXIE3D magnetohydrodynamics codes for fusion plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID REVERSED-FIELD-PINCH; DENSITY PERTURBATIONS; SINGLE-HELICITY; HARTMANN NUMBER; SCALING LAWS; TOKAMAK; MHD; INSTABILITIES; FLUCTUATIONS; RECONNECTION AB With the increasing impact of scientific discovery via advanced computation, there is presently a strong emphasis on ensuring the mathematical correctness of computational simulation tools. Such endeavor, termed verification, is now at the center of most serious code development efforts. In this study, we address a cross-benchmark nonlinear verification study between two three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics (3D MHD) codes for fluid modeling of fusion plasmas, SPECYL [S. Cappello and D. Biskamp, Nucl. Fusion 36, 571 (1996)] and PIXIE3D [L. Chacon, Phys. Plasmas 15, 056103 (2008)], in their common limit of application: the simple viscoresistive cylindrical approximation. SPECYL is a serial code in cylindrical geometry that features a spectral formulation in space and a semi-implicit temporal advance, and has been used extensively to date for reversed-field pinch studies. PIXIE3D is a massively parallel code in arbitrary curvilinear geometry that features a conservative, solenoidal finite-volume discretization in space, and a fully implicit temporal advance. The present study is, in our view, a first mandatory step in assessing the potential of any numerical 3D MHD code for fluid modeling of fusion plasmas. Excellent agreement is demonstrated over a wide range of parameters for several fusion-relevant cases in both two-and three-dimensional geometries. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3462908] C1 [Bonfiglio, D.; Cappello, S.] Assoc Euratom ENEA Fus, Consorzio RFX, I-35127 Padua, Italy. [Chacon, L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Bonfiglio, D (reprint author), Assoc Euratom ENEA Fus, Consorzio RFX, I-35127 Padua, Italy. RI Bonfiglio, Daniele/I-9398-2012; Cappello, Susanna/H-9968-2013 OI Bonfiglio, Daniele/0000-0003-2638-317X; Cappello, Susanna/0000-0002-2022-1113 NR 59 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2010 VL 17 IS 8 AR 082501 DI 10.1063/1.3462908 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 651EA UT WOS:000281906300030 ER PT J AU Chung, M Qin, H Davidson, RC AF Chung, Moses Qin, Hong Davidson, Ronald C. TI Twiss parameters and beam matrix formulation of generalized Courant-Snyder theory for coupled transverse beam dynamics SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID MOTION AB Courant-Snyder (CS) theory for one degree of freedom has recently been generalized by Qin and Davidson to the case of coupled transverse dynamics with two degrees of freedom. The generalized theory has four basic components of the original CS theory, i.e., the envelope equation, phase advance, transfer matrix, and the CS invariant, all of which have their counterparts in the original CS theory with remarkably similar expressions and physical meanings. In this brief communication, we further extend this remarkable similarity between the original and generalized CS theories and construct the Twiss parameters and beam matrix in generalized forms for the case of a strong coupling system. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3474930] C1 [Chung, Moses] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Accelerator Phys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Qin, Hong; Davidson, Ronald C.] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Chung, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Accelerator Phys Ctr, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359). NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2010 VL 17 IS 8 AR 084502 DI 10.1063/1.3474930 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 651EA UT WOS:000281906300076 ER PT J AU Fournier, KB May, MJ Colvin, JD Kane, JO Schneider, M Dewald, E Thomas, CA Compton, S Marrs, RE Moody, J Bond, E Michel, P Fisher, JH Newlander, CD Davis, JF AF Fournier, K. B. May, M. J. Colvin, J. D. Kane, J. O. Schneider, M. Dewald, E. Thomas, C. A. Compton, S. Marrs, R. E. Moody, J. Bond, E. Michel, P. Fisher, J. H. Newlander, C. D. Davis, J. F. TI Multi-keV x-ray source development experiments on the National Ignition Facility SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; OMEGA LASER; SYSTEM; IONIZATION; TARGETS AB We report results from a five shot campaign carried out with Ar-Xe gas-filled targets at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The targets were shot with approximate to 350 kJ of 3 omega laser energy delivered with a 5 ns trapezoidal laser pulse. We report measured x-ray output from the target in different spectral bands both below and above 1.5 keV photon energies: We find yields of approximate to 20.5 kJ/sr with peak x-ray power approaching 4 TW/sr over all energies, as measured for the unique viewing angle of our detector, and approximate to 3.6 kJ/sr with peak x-ray power of 1 TW/sr for x-rays with energies >3 keV. This is a laser-to-x-ray conversion efficiency of 13 +/- 1.3% for isotropic x-rays with energies >3 keV. Laser energy reflected by the target plasma for both inner and outer-cone beams is measured and found to be small, between 1% and 4% of the drive energy. The energy emitted in hard x-rays (with energies >25 keV) is measured and found to be approximate to 1 J/sr. Two-dimensional imaging of the target plasma during the laser pulse confirms a fast, volumetric heating of the entire target, resulting in efficient laser-to-x-ray conversion. Postshot simulations with a two-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamics code reproduce well the observed x-ray flux and fluence, backscattered light, and bulk target motion. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3458904] C1 [Fournier, K. B.; May, M. J.; Colvin, J. D.; Kane, J. O.; Schneider, M.; Dewald, E.; Thomas, C. A.; Compton, S.; Marrs, R. E.; Moody, J.; Bond, E.; Michel, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Davis, J. F.] Alme & Associates, Alexandria, VA 22307 USA. [Fisher, J. H.; Newlander, C. D.] Gray Res Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Davis, J. F.] Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Fournier, KB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM fournier2@llnl.gov; may13@llnl.gov; colvin5@llnl.gov; jfisher@gray-research.com; cdavidnewlander@yahoo.com; john.davis_contractor@dtra.mil RI Michel, Pierre/J-9947-2012; OI Bond, Essex/0000-0003-4852-6100 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [IACRO 09-45501] FX The authors would like to thank the entire NIF operations staff for their tireless and exemplary support of these experiments. Certain individuals, including Glenn Heestand, Chris Haynam, Bill Gourdin, Russell Wallace, Tom Parham, Sandra Brereton, John Celeste, and Leon Berzins made crucial contributions without which these shots never would have happened. This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. This work was also supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under the IACRO 09-45501 "Evaluation of Lasers for X-Ray Production on NIF." NR 46 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2010 VL 17 IS 8 AR 082701 DI 10.1063/1.3458904 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 651EA UT WOS:000281906300042 ER PT J AU He, HD Dong, JQ Fu, GY Zheng, GY Sheng, ZM Long, YX He, ZX Jiang, HB Shen, Y Wang, LF AF He, H. D. Dong, J. Q. Fu, G. Y. Zheng, G. Y. Sheng, Z. M. Long, Y. X. He, Z. X. Jiang, H. B. Shen, Y. Wang, L. F. TI Second stable regime of internal kink modes excited by barely passing energetic ions in tokamak plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC MODES; TRAPPED-PARTICLES; HIGH-BETA; STABILIZATION; INSTABILITY; DRIVEN AB The internal kink (fishbone) modes, driven by barely passing energetic ions (EIs), are numerically studied with the spatial distribution of the EIs taking into account. It is found that the modes with frequencies comparable to the toroidal precession frequencies are excited by resonant interaction with the EIs. Positive and negative density gradient dominating cases, corresponding to off- and near-axis depositions of neutral beam injection (NBI), respectively, are analyzed in detail. The most interesting and important feature of the modes is that there exists a second stable regime in higher beta(h) (= pressure of EIs/toroidal magnetic pressure) range, and the modes may only be excited by the barely passing EIs in a region of beta(th1) < beta(h) < beta(th2) (beta(th) is threshold or critical beta of EIs). Besides, the unstable modes require minimum density gradients and minimum radial positions of NBI deposition. The physics mechanism for the existence of the second stable regime is discussed. The results may provide a means of reducing or even preventing the loss of NBI energetic ions and increasing the heating efficiency by adjusting the pitch angle and driving the system into the second stable regime fast enough. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3463113] C1 [He, H. D.; Dong, J. Q.; Zheng, G. Y.; Long, Y. X.; He, Z. X.; Jiang, H. B.; Shen, Y.; Wang, L. F.] SW Inst Phys, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China. [Dong, J. Q.; Sheng, Z. M.] Zhejiang Univ, Inst Fus Theory & Simulat, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Fu, G. Y.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP He, HD (reprint author), SW Inst Phys, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China. FU National Basic Research Program of China [2008CB717806]; ITER Project in China [2009GB105005]; JSPS-CAS FX This work is supported by National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No. 2008CB717806 and ITER Project in China under Grant No. 2009GB105005, and also partly supported by the JSPS-CAS Core-University Program in the field of Plasma and Nuclear Fusion. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2010 VL 17 IS 8 AR 082512 DI 10.1063/1.3463113 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 651EA UT WOS:000281906300041 ER PT J AU Strauss, HR Paccagnella, R Breslau, J AF Strauss, H. R. Paccagnella, R. Breslau, J. TI Wall forces produced during ITER disruptions SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID HALO CURRENTS; TOKAMAKS; PLASMA; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; SIMULATION; MECHANISM; SCHEMES; JET AB Nonlinear simulations with the M3D code [W. Park et al., Phys. Plasmas 6, 1796 (1999)] are performed of disruptions produced by large scale magnetohydrodynamic instabilities. The toroidally asymmetric wall forces produced during a disruption are calculated in an ITER [T. Hender et al., Nucl. Fusion 47, S128 (2007)] model. The disruption is produced by a vertical displacement event and a kink mode. Expressions are derived for the wall force, including the sideways force, using a thin conducting wall model. The scaling of wall force with gamma tau(w) is obtained, where gamma is the kink growth rate and tau(w) is the wall penetration time. The largest force occurs with gamma tau(w) approximate to 1. A theory is developed of the wall force produced by kink modes. The theory is in qualitative agreement with the simulations and Joint European Torus [V. Riccardo et al., Nucl. Fusion 49, 055012 (2009)] experiments. In particular, the theory and simulations give dependence of the sideways on gamma tau(w), correlation of sideways force with sideways plasma displacement, and correlation of toroidally varying plasma current with toroidally varying vertical displacement. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3474922] C1 [Strauss, H. R.] HRS Fus, W Orange, NJ 07052 USA. [Paccagnella, R.] CNR, Ist Gas Ionizzati, Consorzio RFX, I-35127 Padua, Italy. [Breslau, J.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08570 USA. RP Strauss, HR (reprint author), HRS Fus, W Orange, NJ 07052 USA. EM strauss@cims.nyu.edu FU US DOE [DE-FC02-09-ER55009, DE-AC02-76CH03073]; EFDA [EFDA/05-1335] FX This work was supported by US DOE Grant No. DE-FC02-09-ER55009 (H.S.), US DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-76CH03073 (J.B.), and EFDA Contract No. EFDA/05-1335 (R.P.) NR 21 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2010 VL 17 IS 8 AR 082505 DI 10.1063/1.3474922 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 651EA UT WOS:000281906300034 ER PT J AU Wallace, GM Parker, RR Bonoli, PT Hubbard, AE Hughes, JW LaBombard, BL Meneghini, O Schmidt, AE Shiraiwa, S Whyte, DG Wright, JC Wukitch, SJ Harvey, RW Smirnov, AP Wilson, JR AF Wallace, G. M. Parker, R. R. Bonoli, P. T. Hubbard, A. E. Hughes, J. W. LaBombard, B. L. Meneghini, O. Schmidt, A. E. Shiraiwa, S. Whyte, D. G. Wright, J. C. Wukitch, S. J. Harvey, R. W. Smirnov, A. P. Wilson, J. R. TI Absorption of lower hybrid waves in the scrape off layer of a diverted tokamak SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ALCATOR-C-MOD; CURRENT-DRIVE; PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES; FREQUENCY; PLASMAS; DENSITIES AB The goal of the Lower Hybrid Current Drive (LHCD) system on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak [Hutchinson et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994)] is to investigate current profile control under plasma conditions relevant to future tokamak experiments. Experimental observations of a LHCD "density limit" for C-Mod are presented in this paper. Bremsstrahlung emission from relativistic fast electrons in the core plasma drops suddenly above line averaged densities of 10(20) m(-3) (omega/omega(LH) similar to 3-4), well below the density limit previously observed on other experiments (omega/omega(LH) similar to 2). Electric currents flowing through the scrape off layer (SOL) between the inner and outer divertors increase dramatically across the same density range that the core bremsstrahlung emission drops precipitously. These experimental x-ray data are compared to both conventional modeling, which gives poor agreement with experiment above the density limit and a model including collisional absorption in the SOL, which dramatically improves agreement with experiment above the observed density limit. These results show that strong absorption of LH waves in the SOL is possible on a high density tokamak and the SOL must be included in simulations of LHCD at high density. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3465662] C1 [Wallace, G. M.; Parker, R. R.; Bonoli, P. T.; Hubbard, A. E.; Hughes, J. W.; LaBombard, B. L.; Meneghini, O.; Schmidt, A. E.; Shiraiwa, S.; Whyte, D. G.; Wright, J. C.; Wukitch, S. J.] MIT Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Harvey, R. W.; Smirnov, A. P.] CompX, Del Mar, CA 92014 USA. [Wilson, J. R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Wallace, GM (reprint author), MIT Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Smirnov, Alexander /A-4886-2014 FU US DOE [DE-FC02-99ER54512, DE-AC02-76CH03073] FX This work supported by US DOE Award Nos. DE-FC02-99ER54512 and DE-AC02-76CH03073. NR 37 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2010 VL 17 IS 8 AR 082508 DI 10.1063/1.3465662 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 651EA UT WOS:000281906300037 ER PT J AU Wang, L Hahm, TS AF Wang, Lu Hahm, T. S. TI Nonlinear gyrokinetic theory with polarization drift SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID GUIDING CENTER MOTION; PARTICLE SIMULATION; ZONAL FLOWS; EQUATIONS; TRANSPORT; PLASMA; WAVES AB A set of the electrostatic toroidal gyrokinetic Vlasov equation and the Poisson equation, which explicitly includes the polarization drift, is derived systematically by using Lie-transform perturbation method. The polarization drift is introduced in the gyrocenter equations of motion, and the corresponding polarization density is derived. Contrary to the widespread expectation, the inclusion of the polarization drift in the gyrocenter equations of motion does not affect the expression for the polarization density significantly. This is due to modification of the gyrocenter phase-space volume caused by the electrostatic potential [T. S. Hahm, Phys. Plasmas 3, 4658 (1996)]. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3467498] C1 [Wang, Lu] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Wang, Lu] Peking Univ, State Key Lab Nucl Phys & Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Wang, Lu; Hahm, T. S.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Wang, L (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RI Wang, Lu/F-1875-2010 FU China Scholarship Council [2007100244]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-09-CH11466]; NSFC [10675007, 10935001]; U.S. DOE SciDAC-FSP Center for Plasma Edge Simulation; U.S. DOE SciDAC center for Gyrokinetic Particle Simulation of Turbulent Transport in Burning Plasmas FX The first author's visiting stay to conduct her research at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory was funded by China Scholarship Council, File No. 2007100244 and the U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-09-CH11466. This work was also supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-09-CH11466 (T. S. H. and L. W.), NSFC Grant Nos. 10675007 and 10935001 (L. W.), the U.S. DOE SciDAC-FSP Center for Plasma Edge Simulation, and the U.S. DOE SciDAC center for Gyrokinetic Particle Simulation of Turbulent Transport in Burning Plasmas (TSH). NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2010 VL 17 IS 8 AR 082304 DI 10.1063/1.3467498 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 651EA UT WOS:000281906300016 ER PT J AU Westover, B MacPhee, A Chen, C Hey, D Ma, T Maddox, B Park, HS Remington, B Beg, FN AF Westover, B. MacPhee, A. Chen, C. Hey, D. Ma, T. Maddox, B. Park, H. -S. Remington, B. Beg, F. N. TI Study of silver K alpha and bremsstrahlung radiation from short-pulse laser-matter interactions with applications for x-ray radiography SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON; TARGETS; PHOTON AB Measurements of K alpha radiation yield and x-ray bremsstrahlung emission from thin-foil silver targets are presented. The targets were irradiated by a short pulse laser with intensities from 5 X 10(16) to 10(18) W/cm(2) at 40 ps. Single hit charge-coupled device detectors, differential filter-stack detectors, and a crystal spectrometer were used to investigate the angular distribution of the K alpha and bremsstrahlung x-rays. This study is the first to use a broadband detector to estimate the absolute numbers of K alpha photons and to determine K alpha to bremsstrahlung ratios. The relevance of this work in the context of x-ray diffraction and x-ray radiography is discussed. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3473822] C1 [Westover, B.; Ma, T.; Beg, F. N.] Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [MacPhee, A.; Chen, C.; Hey, D.; Ma, T.; Maddox, B.; Park, H. -S.; Remington, B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Beg, FN (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. EM fbeg@ucsd.edu RI Ma, Tammy/F-3133-2013 OI Ma, Tammy/0000-0002-6657-9604 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-CONF-403625]; Fusion Science Center, DOE [DE-FC02-ER54789] FX This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract Nos. DE-AC52-07NA27344 and LLNL-CONF-403625. F.N.B. and B.W. were partially supported by the Fusion Science Center grant DOE Grant No. DE-FC02-ER54789 (Fusion Science Center) NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2010 VL 17 IS 8 AR 082703 DI 10.1063/1.3473822 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 651EA UT WOS:000281906300044 ER PT J AU Peshkin, M AF Peshkin, Murray TI Aptly named Aharonov-Bohm effect has classical analogue, long history SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter ID FIELDS C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Peshkin, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM peshkin@anl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD AUG PY 2010 VL 63 IS 8 BP 8 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 638MM UT WOS:000280899000002 ER PT J AU Larmat, CS Guyer, RA Johnson, PA AF Larmat, Carene S. Guyer, Robert A. Johnson, Paul A. TI Time-reversal methods in geophysics SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article ID VIRTUAL SOURCE METHOD; EPISODIC TREMOR; EARTHQUAKES; SUBDUCTION; ACOUSTICS; JAPAN; SLIP C1 [Larmat, Carene S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Guyer, Robert A.] Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA USA. [Guyer, Robert A.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Larmat, CS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Larmat, Carene/B-4686-2011 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD AUG PY 2010 VL 63 IS 8 BP 31 EP 35 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 638MM UT WOS:000280899000015 ER PT J AU Crease, RP AF Crease, Robert P. TI Critical Point Discovery with statistics SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Crease, Robert P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Crease, Robert P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Crease, RP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD AUG PY 2010 VL 23 IS 8 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 636KC UT WOS:000280731200023 ER PT J AU Gatti, DM Zhao, N Chesler, EJ Bradford, BU Shabalin, AA Yordanova, R Lu, L Rusyn, I AF Gatti, Daniel M. Zhao, Ni Chesler, Elissa J. Bradford, Blair U. Shabalin, Andrey A. Yordanova, Roumyana Lu, Lu Rusyn, Ivan TI Sex-specific gene expression in the BXD mouse liver SO PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE BXD recombinant inbred mouse; microarray; gene expression quantitative; trait locus; genetical genomics ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; ALCOHOL METABOLISM; GENOMIC ANALYSIS; DRUG-METABOLISM; INBRED MICE; INFLAMMATION; FEMALE; NETWORKS AB Gatti DM, Zhao N, Chesler EJ, Bradford BU, Shabalin AA, Yordanova R, Lu L, Rusyn I. Sex-specific gene expression in the BXD mouse liver. Physiol Genomics 42: 456-468, 2010. First published June 15, 2010; doi: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00110.2009.Differences in clinical phenotypes between the sexes are well documented and have their roots in differential gene expression. While sex has a major effect on gene expression, transcription is also influenced by complex interactions between individual genetic variation and environmental stimuli. In this study, we sought to understand how genetic variation affects sex-related differences in liver gene expression by performing genetic mapping of genomewide liver mRNA expression data in a genetically defined population of naive male and female mice from C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, B6D2F1, and 37 C57BL/6J X DBA/2J (BXD) recombinant inbred strains. As expected, we found that many genes important to xenobiotic metabolism and other important pathways exhibit sexually dimorphic expression. We also performed gene expression quantitative trait locus mapping in this panel and report that the most significant loci that appear to regulate a larger number of genes than expected by chance are largely sex independent. Importantly, we found that the degree of correlation within gene expression networks differs substantially between the sexes. Finally, we compare our results to a recently released human liver gene expression data set and report on important similarities in sexually dimorphic liver gene expression between mouse and human. This study enhances our understanding of sex differences at the genome level and between species, as well as increasing our knowledge of the molecular underpinnings of sex differences in responses to xenobiotics. C1 [Gatti, Daniel M.; Zhao, Ni; Bradford, Blair U.; Rusyn, Ivan] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Chesler, Elissa J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Shabalin, Andrey A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Stat & Operat Res, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Yordanova, Roumyana] Bristol Myers Squibb Res & Dev, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lu, Lu] Univ Tennessee, Coll Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Memphis, TN USA. RP Rusyn, I (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM iir@unc.edu RI Zhao, Ni/P-9086-2014; Rusyn, Ivan/S-2426-2016; OI Zhao, Ni/0000-0002-7762-3949; Shabalin, Andrey/0000-0003-0309-6821 FU National Institutes of Health [R01-ES-015241, R01-AA-016258, U01-AA-014425, P42-ES005948]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This study was funded, in part, by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R01-ES-015241, R01-AA-016258, U01-AA-014425, and P42-ES005948). E. J. Chesler and R. Yordanova were supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 63 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1094-8341 J9 PHYSIOL GENOMICS JI Physiol. Genomics PD AUG PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 BP 456 EP 468 DI 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00110.2009 PG 13 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology GA 655UU UT WOS:000282278700014 PM 20551147 ER PT J AU Yan, HH Kikuchi, S Neumann, P Zhang, WL Wu, YF Chen, F Jiang, JM AF Yan, Huihuang Kikuchi, Shinji Neumann, Pavel Zhang, Wenli Wu, Yufeng Chen, Feng Jiang, Jiming TI Genome-wide mapping of cytosine methylation revealed dynamic DNA methylation patterns associated with genes and centromeres in rice SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cytosine methylation; Illumina sequencing; centromere; epigenomics; rice ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SEQUENCE ORGANIZATION; REGION; TRANSCRIPTION; CHROMOSOMES; UNCOVERS; MAIZE; SATELLITE; EVOLUTION; SIZE AB P>We conducted genome-wide mapping of cytosine methylation using methylcytosine immunoprecipitation combined with Illumina sequencing. The chromosomal distribution pattern of methylated DNA is similar to the heterochromatin distribution pattern on rice chromosomes. The DNA methylation patterns of rice genes are similar to those in Arabidopsis thaliana, including distinct methylation patterns asssociated with gene bodies and promoters. The DNA sequences in the core domains of rice Cen4, Cen5 and Cen8 showed elevated methylation levels compared with sequences in the pericentromeric regions. In addition, elevated methylation levels were associated with the DNA sequences in the CENH3-binding subdomains, compared with the sequences in the flanking H3 subdomains. In contrast, the centromeric domain of Cen11, which is composed exclusively of centromeric satellite DNA, is hypomethylated compared with the pericentromeric domains. Thus, the DNA sequences associated with functional centromeres can be either hypomethylated or hypermethylated. The methylation patterns of centromeric DNA appear to be correlated with the composition of the associated DNA sequences. We propose that both hypomethylation and hypermethylation of CENH3-associated DNA sequences can serve as epigenetic marks to distinguish where CENH3 deposition will occur within the surrounding H3 chromatin. C1 [Yan, Huihuang; Kikuchi, Shinji; Neumann, Pavel; Zhang, Wenli; Wu, Yufeng; Jiang, Jiming] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Chen, Feng] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Jiang, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jjiang1@wisc.edu RI Jiang, Jiming/A-9614-2009; Neumann, Pavel/H-7345-2013 OI Neumann, Pavel/0000-0001-6711-6639 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0603927, DBI-0923640]; US Department of Energy's Office of Science; University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06NA25396] FX We thank the Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center for providing the Nipponbare seeds. This research was supported by grants DBI-0603927 and DBI-0923640 from the National Science Foundation to JJ. The sequencing was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, and by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, under contract no. DE-AC52-07NA27344, and Los Alamos National Laboratory, under contract no. DE-AC02-06NA25396. NR 43 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 63 IS 3 BP 353 EP 365 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2010.04246.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 629LS UT WOS:000280200900001 PM 20487381 ER PT J AU Morreel, K Dima, O Kim, H Lu, FC Niculaes, C Vanholme, R Dauwe, R Goeminne, G Inze, D Messens, E Ralph, J Boerjan, W AF Morreel, Kris Dima, Oana Kim, Hoon Lu, Fachuang Niculaes, Claudiu Vanholme, Ruben Dauwe, Rebecca Goeminne, Geert Inze, Dirk Messens, Eric Ralph, John Boerjan, Wout TI Mass Spectrometry-Based Sequencing of Lignin Oligomers SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; STRUCTURAL UNITS; CELL-WALLS; REVEALS; BIOSYNTHESIS; LIGNIFICATION; POPLAR; NMR; FRAGMENTATIONS; OLIGOLIGNOLS AB Although the primary structure of proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates can be readily determined, no sequencing method has been described yet for the second most abundant biopolymer on earth (i.e. lignin). Within secondary-thickened plant cell walls, lignin forms an aromatic mesh arising from the combinatorial radical-radical coupling of monolignols and many other less abundant monomers. This polymerization process leads to a plethora of units and linkage types that affect the physicochemical characteristics of the cell wall. Current methods to analyze the lignin structure focus only on the frequency of the major monomeric units and interunit linkage types but do not provide information on the presence of less abundant unknown units and linkage types, nor on how linkages affect the formation of neighboring linkages. Such information can only be obtained using a sequencing approach. Here, we describe, to our knowledge for the first time, a sequencing strategy for lignin oligomers using mass spectrometry. This strategy was then evaluated on the oligomers extracted from wild-type poplar (Populus tremula x Populus tremuloides) xylem. In total, 134 lignin trimers to hexamers were observed, of which 36 could be completely sequenced. Interestingly, based on molecular mass data of the unknown monomeric and dimeric substructures, at least 10 unknown monomeric units or interunit linkage types were observed, one of which was identified as an arylglycerol end unit. C1 [Morreel, Kris; Dima, Oana; Niculaes, Claudiu; Vanholme, Ruben; Goeminne, Geert; Inze, Dirk; Boerjan, Wout] Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, Flanders Inst Biotechnol, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. [Morreel, Kris; Dima, Oana; Niculaes, Claudiu; Vanholme, Ruben; Dauwe, Rebecca; Goeminne, Geert; Inze, Dirk; Messens, Eric; Boerjan, Wout] Univ Ghent, Dept Plant Biotechnol & Genet, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kim, Hoon; Lu, Fachuang; Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Boerjan, W (reprint author), Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, Flanders Inst Biotechnol, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. EM wout.boerjan@psb.vib-ugent.be OI Boerjan, Wout/0000-0003-1495-510X; Inze, Dirk/0000-0002-3217-8407 FU Research Foundation-Flanders [G.0352.05N]; Stanford University; Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center [DE-FC02-07ER64494]; European Commission [KBBE-2007-3-1-01, KBBE-2007-1-2-05]; Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds-Zware Apparatuur of Ghent University for the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometer [174PZA05] FX This work was supported by the Research Foundation-Flanders (grant no. G.0352.05N), by the Stanford University Global Climate and Energy Project (Towards New Degradable Lignin Types), by the Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (grant no. DE-FC02-07ER64494), by the European Commission Framework VII projects RENEWALL (grant no. KBBE-2007-3-1-01), ENERGYPOPLAR (grant no. KBBE-2007-1-2-05), and NOVELTREE (grant no. KBBE-2007-1-2-05), and by the Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds-Zware Apparatuur of Ghent University for the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometer (grant no. 174PZA05). NR 49 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 4 U2 59 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 153 IS 4 BP 1464 EP 1478 DI 10.1104/pp.110.156489 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 634FQ UT WOS:000280566000003 PM 20554692 ER PT J AU Freeman, JL Tamaoki, M Stushnoff, C Quinn, CF Cappa, JJ Devonshire, J Fakra, SC Marcus, MA McGrath, SP Van Hoewyk, D Pilon-Smits, EAH AF Freeman, John L. Tamaoki, Masanori Stushnoff, Cecil Quinn, Colin F. Cappa, Jennifer J. Devonshire, Jean Fakra, Sirine C. Marcus, Matthew A. McGrath, Steve P. Van Hoewyk, Doug Pilon-Smits, Elizabeth A. H. TI Molecular Mechanisms of Selenium Tolerance and Hyperaccumulation in Stanleya pinnata SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; PRAIRIE DOG HERBIVORY; VITAMIN-C CONTENTS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SELENOCYSTEINE METHYLTRANSFERASE; CELLULAR COMPARTMENTATION; ASTRAGALUS-BISULCATUS; ACCUMULATING PLANTS; INDICATOR PLANTS; INDIAN MUSTARD AB The molecular mechanisms responsible for selenium (Se) tolerance and hyperaccumulation were studied in the Se hyper-accumulator Stanleya pinnata (Brassicaceae) by comparing it with the related secondary Se accumulator Stanleya albescens using a combination of physiological, structural, genomic, and biochemical approaches. S. pinnata accumulated 3.6-fold more Se and was tolerant to 20 mu M selenate, while S. albescens suffered reduced growth, chlorosis and necrosis, impaired photosynthesis, and high levels of reactive oxygen species. Levels of ascorbic acid, glutathione, total sulfur, and nonprotein thiols were higher in S. pinnata, suggesting that Se tolerance may in part be due to increased antioxidants and up-regulated sulfur assimilation. S. pinnata had higher selenocysteine methyltransferase protein levels and, judged from liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, mainly accumulated the free amino acid methylselenocysteine, while S. albescens accumulated mainly the free amino acid selenocystathionine. S. albescens leaf x-ray absorption near-edge structure scans mainly detected a carbon-Se-carbon compound (presumably selenocystathionine) in addition to some selenocysteine and selenate. Thus, S. albescens may accumulate more toxic forms of Se in its leaves than S. pinnata. The species also showed different leaf Se sequestration patterns: while S. albescens showed a diffuse pattern, S. pinnata sequestered Se in localized epidermal cell clusters along leaf margins and tips, concentrated inside of epidermal cells. Transcript analyses of S. pinnata showed a constitutively higher expression of genes involved in sulfur assimilation, antioxidant activities, defense, and response to (methyl) jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, or ethylene. The levels of some of these hormones were constitutively elevated in S. pinnata compared with S. albescens, and leaf Se accumulation was slightly enhanced in both species when these hormones were supplied. Thus, defense-related phytohormones may play an important signaling role in the Se hyperaccumulation of S. pinnata, perhaps by constitutively up-regulating sulfur/Se assimilation followed by methylation of selenocysteine and the targeted sequestration of methylselenocysteine. C1 [Freeman, John L.; Quinn, Colin F.; Cappa, Jennifer J.; Van Hoewyk, Doug; Pilon-Smits, Elizabeth A. H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stushnoff, Cecil] Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Freeman, John L.] ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Div, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Freeman, John L.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Ctr Irrigat Technol, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Tamaoki, Masanori] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Div Environm Biol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Devonshire, Jean; McGrath, Steve P.] Rothamsted Res, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. [Fakra, Sirine C.; Marcus, Matthew A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Van Hoewyk, Doug] Coastal Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Conway, SC 29526 USA. RP Pilon-Smits, EAH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM epsmits@lamar.colostate.edu RI McGrath, Steve/B-5127-2008; OI McGrath, Steve/0000-0003-0952-8947; Tamaoki, Masanori/0000-0002-5516-8834 FU National Science Foundation [IOB-0444471, IOS-0817748]; Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan [18780006] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant nos. IOB-0444471 and IOS-0817748 to E. P. S.) and the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan (grant no. 18780006 to M. T.). NR 112 TC 71 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 47 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 153 IS 4 BP 1630 EP 1652 DI 10.1104/pp.110.156570 PG 23 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 634FQ UT WOS:000280566000017 PM 20498337 ER PT J AU Shi, YJ Wang, FD Wan, BN Bitter, M Lee, S Bak, J Hill, K Fu, J Li, YY Zhang, W Ti, A Ling, BL AF Shi, Yuejiang Wang, Fudi Wan, Baonian Bitter, Manfred Lee, Sanggon Bak, Jungyo Hill, Kennith Fu, Jia Li, Yingying Zhang, Wei Ti, Ang Ling, Bili TI Imaging x-ray crystal spectrometer on EAST SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE SPECTRA; IONS AB A high-resolution imaging x-ray crystal spectrometer is described for implementation on the EAST tokamak to provide spatially and temporally resolved data on the ion temperature, electron temperature and poloidal plasma rotation. These data are derived from observations of the satellite spectra of helium-like argon, Ar XVII, which is the dominant charge state for electron temperatures in the range from 0.4 to 3.0 keV and which is accessible to EAST. Employing a novel design, which is based on the imaging properties of spherically bent crystals, the spectrometers will provide spectrally and spatially resolved images of the plasma for all experimental conditions, which include ohmically heated discharges as well as plasmas with rf and neutral-beam heating. The experimental setup and initial experimental results are presented. C1 [Shi, Yuejiang; Wang, Fudi; Wan, Baonian; Fu, Jia; Li, Yingying; Zhang, Wei; Ti, Ang; Ling, Bili] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. [Bitter, Manfred; Hill, Kennith] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Lee, Sanggon; Bak, Jungyo] Natl Fus Res Inst, Taejon 305333, South Korea. RP Shi, YJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. FU National Science Foundation of China [10725523, 10975155]; ITER Relevant Foundation in China [2009GB104003] FX The authors are very grateful to the Diagnostics Group, Operators Teams and LHCD Team of EAST. This work has been partly supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Contract Nos 10725523 and 10975155) and the ITER Relevant Foundation in China (Grant No 2009GB104003). NR 15 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD AUG PY 2010 VL 52 IS 8 AR 085014 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/52/8/085014 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 623AU UT WOS:000279709700014 ER PT J AU Waldmann, O Langowski, M Fussmann, G AF Waldmann, Ole Langowski, Martin Fussmann, Gerd TI Suprathermal electrons in a stationary magnetic arc discharge SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA; TRANSPORT AB Stochastic short voltage spikes occur in the stationary arc discharge of the linear plasma generator PSI-2. Similar spikes are also found when detecting the infrared bremsstrahlung emission at various plasma positions. They are related to suprathermal electrons which have energies up to 150 eV, i.e. 1.5 times the average discharge voltage and 15 times k(B)T(e), the thermal energy of the bulk electrons. These electrons are examined by different diagnostic methods, in particular a newly constructed segmented neutralizer plate was used as a diagnostic tool. The suprathermal particles are found to exist in a thin circular ring of the plasma column which is the region of field lines connected directly to the cathode. For low neutral gas pressure the suprathermal electrons can be treated as collisionless, but when increasing the neutral gas background, scattering with the molecules must be taken into account. In some cases the peak in the potential of the collecting neutralizer plate exceeds the peak of the accelerating voltage. This is explained as a transient event occurring when a bunch of electrons is approaching the collecting surface. The maximum current associated with these electrons is found to compensate the ion saturation current. Their peak density is thus estimated to be in the range of 10(-3) of the thermal electrons; on temporal average the ratio < n(st)>/n(e) is of order 10(-8). To the best of our knowledge this is the first extensive study on suprathermal electrons in magnetized arcs. They provide an interesting physical phenomenon but are unlikely to affect the interpretation of electrical probes or optical diagnostic measurements. C1 [Waldmann, Ole] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Langowski, Martin] Univ Bremen, Inst Umweltphys IUP, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Fussmann, Gerd] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Waldmann, O (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd Mail Stop 5-121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM OWaldmann@lbl.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 19 IS 4 AR 045007 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/19/4/045007 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 632FS UT WOS:000280407300008 ER PT J AU Ditty, JL Kvaal, CA Goodner, B Freyermuth, SK Bailey, C Britton, RA Gordon, SG Heinhorst, S Reed, K Xu, ZH Sanders-Lorenz, ER Axen, S Kim, E Johns, M Scott, K Kerfeld, CA AF Ditty, Jayna L. Kvaal, Christopher A. Goodner, Brad Freyermuth, Sharyn K. Bailey, Cheryl Britton, Robert A. Gordon, Stuart G. Heinhorst, Sabine Reed, Kelynne Xu, Zhaohui Sanders-Lorenz, Erin R. Axen, Seth Kim, Edwin Johns, Mitrick Scott, Kathleen Kerfeld, Cheryl A. TI Incorporating Genomics and Bioinformatics across the Life Sciences Curriculum SO PLOS BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID EDUCATION; BIOLOGY; EXPRESSION; EXERCISE; DESIGN; GENE; TIME C1 [Ditty, Jayna L.] Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. [Kvaal, Christopher A.] St Cloud State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. [Goodner, Brad] Hiram Coll, Dept Biol, Hiram, OH USA. [Freyermuth, Sharyn K.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO USA. [Bailey, Cheryl] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Britton, Robert A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Gordon, Stuart G.] Presbyterian Coll, Dept Biol, Clinton, SC USA. [Heinhorst, Sabine] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Reed, Kelynne] Austin Coll, Dept Biol, Sherman, TX 75090 USA. [Xu, Zhaohui] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. [Sanders-Lorenz, Erin R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Mol Genet, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Axen, Seth; Kim, Edwin; Kerfeld, Cheryl A.] Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Johns, Mitrick] No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL USA. [Scott, Kathleen] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL USA. [Kerfeld, Cheryl A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ditty, JL (reprint author), Univ St Thomas, Dept Biol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. EM ckerfeld@lbl.gov NR 52 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1544-9173 J9 PLOS BIOL JI PLoS. Biol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 8 IS 8 AR e1000448 DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000448 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 645MQ UT WOS:000281464500007 PM 20711478 ER PT J AU Kazemian, M Blatti, C Richards, A McCutchan, M Wakabayashi-Ito, N Hammonds, AS Celniker, SE Kumar, S Wolfe, SA Brodsky, MH Sinha, S AF Kazemian, Majid Blatti, Charles Richards, Adam McCutchan, Michael Wakabayashi-Ito, Noriko Hammonds, Ann S. Celniker, Susan E. Kumar, Sudhir Wolfe, Scot A. Brodsky, Michael H. Sinha, Saurabh TI Quantitative Analysis of the Drosophila Segmentation Regulatory Network Using Pattern Generating Potentials SO PLOS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-BINDING SITES; GENOME-WIDE PREDICTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MELANOGASTER; MODULES; DNA; BLASTODERM AB Cis-regulatory modules that drive precise spatial-temporal patterns of gene expression are central to the process of metazoan development. We describe a new computational strategy to annotate genomic sequences based on their "pattern generating potential'' and to produce quantitative descriptions of transcriptional regulatory networks at the level of individual protein-module interactions. We use this approach to convert the qualitative understanding of interactions that regulate Drosophila segmentation into a network model in which a confidence value is associated with each transcription factor-module interaction. Sequence information from multiple Drosophila species is integrated with transcription factor binding specificities to determine conserved binding site frequencies across the genome. These binding site profiles are combined with transcription factor expression information to create a model to predict module activity patterns. This model is used to scan genomic sequences for the potential to generate all or part of the expression pattern of a nearby gene, obtained from available gene expression databases. Interactions between individual transcription factors and modules are inferred by a statistical method to quantify a factor's contribution to the module's pattern generating potential. We use these pattern generating potentials to systematically describe the location and function of known and novel cis-regulatory modules in the segmentation network, identifying many examples of modules predicted to have overlapping expression activities. Surprisingly, conserved transcription factor binding site frequencies were as effective as experimental measurements of occupancy in predicting module expression patterns or factor-module interactions. Thus, unlike previous module prediction methods, this method predicts not only the location of modules but also their spatial activity pattern and the factors that directly determine this pattern. As databases of transcription factor specificities and in vivo gene expression patterns grow, analysis of pattern generating potentials provides a general method to decode transcriptional regulatory sequences and networks. C1 [Kazemian, Majid; Blatti, Charles; Sinha, Saurabh] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Richards, Adam; Wakabayashi-Ito, Noriko; Wolfe, Scot A.; Brodsky, Michael H.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Program Gene Funct & Express, Worcester, MA USA. [Richards, Adam; Wakabayashi-Ito, Noriko; Brodsky, Michael H.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Mol Med, Worcester, MA USA. [McCutchan, Michael; Kumar, Sudhir] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Evolutionary Funct Genom, Biodesign Inst, Tempe, AZ USA. [Hammonds, Ann S.; Celniker, Susan E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Dynam, Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wolfe, Scot A.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Pharmacol, Worcester, MA USA. [Sinha, Saurabh] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kazemian, M (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, 1304 W Springfield Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM Michael.brodsky@umassmed.edu; sinhas@illinois.edu RI Kumar, Sudhir/F-1411-2011; OI Kazemian, Majid/0000-0001-7080-8820 FU National Institutes of Health [R01 HG004744-01, R01GM085233-01] FX This work was supported in part by grants by the National Institutes of Health (to SK, grant R01 HG004744-01 to MB, SAW, and grant R01GM085233-01 to SS). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 60 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1544-9173 J9 PLOS BIOL JI PLoS. Biol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 8 IS 8 AR e1000456 DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000456 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 645MQ UT WOS:000281464500012 ER PT J AU Aviran, S Shah, PS Schaffer, DV Arkin, AP AF Aviran, Sharon Shah, Priya S. Schaffer, David V. Arkin, Adam P. TI Computational Models of HIV-1 Resistance to Gene Therapy Elucidate Therapy Design Principles SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; CD8(+) T-CELLS; PROTEASE INHIBITOR TIPRANAVIR; IN-VIVO SELECTION; RNA INTERFERENCE; LENTIVIRAL VECTOR; DRUG-RESISTANCE; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; LONG-TERM; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY AB Gene therapy is an emerging alternative to conventional anti-HIV-1 drugs, and can potentially control the virus while alleviating major limitations of current approaches. Yet, HIV-1's ability to rapidly acquire mutations and escape therapy presents a critical challenge to any novel treatment paradigm. Viral escape is thus a key consideration in the design of any gene-based technique. We develop a computational model of HIV's evolutionary dynamics in vivo in the presence of a genetic therapy to explore the impact of therapy parameters and strategies on the development of resistance. Our model is generic and captures the properties of a broad class of gene-based agents that inhibit early stages of the viral life cycle. We highlight the differences in viral resistance dynamics between gene and standard antiretroviral therapies, and identify key factors that impact long-term viral suppression. In particular, we underscore the importance of mutationally-induced viral fitness losses in cells that are not genetically modified, as these can severely constrain the replication of resistant virus. We also propose and investigate a novel treatment strategy that leverages upon gene therapy's unique capacity to deliver different genes to distinct cell populations, and we find that such a strategy can dramatically improve efficacy when used judiciously within a certain parametric regime. Finally, we revisit a previously-suggested idea of improving clinical outcomes by boosting the proliferation of the genetically-modified cells, but we find that such an approach has mixed effects on resistance dynamics. Our results provide insights into the short- and long-term effects of gene therapy and the role of its key properties in the evolution of resistance, which can serve as guidelines for the choice and optimization of effective therapeutic agents. C1 [Aviran, Sharon; Schaffer, David V.; Arkin, Adam P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shah, Priya S.; Schaffer, David V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schaffer, David V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Helen Wills Neurosci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Arkin, Adam P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Aviran, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aparkin@lbl.gov RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01 GM073058]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [0540879] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grant R01 GM073058 and by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant 0540879. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 90 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-734X J9 PLOS COMPUT BIOL JI PLoS Comput. Biol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 6 IS 8 AR e1000883 DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000883 PG 18 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 644OU UT WOS:000281389500015 ER PT J AU Kohn, JE Afonine, PV Ruscio, JZ Adams, PD Head-Gordon, T AF Kohn, Jonathan E. Afonine, Pavel V. Ruscio, Jory Z. Adams, Paul D. Head-Gordon, Teresa TI Evidence of Functional Protein Dynamics from X-Ray Crystallographic Ensembles SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EGG-WHITE LYSOZYME; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; STRUCTURE PREDICTION; HYDRATION SHELL; MODEL PEPTIDES; THERMAL MOTION; HEN LYSOZYME; REFINEMENT; WATER AB It is widely recognized that representing a protein as a single static conformation is inadequate to describe the dynamics essential to the performance of its biological function. We contrast the amino acid displacements below and above the protein dynamical transition temperature, T-D similar to 215K, of hen egg white lysozyme using X-ray crystallography ensembles that are analyzed by molecular dynamics simulations as a function of temperature. We show that measuring structural variations across an ensemble of X-ray derived models captures the activation of conformational states that are of functional importance just above T-D, and they remain virtually identical to structural motions measured at 300K. Our results highlight the ability to observe functional structural variations across an ensemble of X-ray crystallographic data, and that residue fluctuations measured in MD simulations at room temperature are in quantitative agreement with the experimental observable. C1 [Kohn, Jonathan E.; Ruscio, Jory Z.; Adams, Paul D.; Head-Gordon, Teresa] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Afonine, Pavel V.; Adams, Paul D.; Head-Gordon, Teresa] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kohn, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM TLHead-Gordon@lbl.gov RI Head-Gordon, Teresa/E-5818-2011; Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013 OI Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219 FU NSF FX THG thanks the NSF Cyberinfrastructure program for support of the work presented here, and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center for computational resources. PDA would like to thank NIH/NIGMS for generous support of the PHENIX project, and the U.S. Department of Energy. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-734X EI 1553-7358 J9 PLOS COMPUT BIOL JI PLoS Comput. Biol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 6 IS 8 AR e1000911 DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000911 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 644OU UT WOS:000281389500039 ER PT J AU Rejniak, KA Wang, SZE Bryce, NS Chang, H Parvin, B Jourquin, J Estrada, L Gray, JW Arteaga, CL Weaver, AM Quaranta, V Anderson, ARA AF Rejniak, Katarzyna A. Wang, Shizhen E. Bryce, Nicole S. Chang, Hang Parvin, Bahram Jourquin, Jerome Estrada, Lourdes Gray, Joe W. Arteaga, Carlos L. Weaver, Alissa M. Quaranta, Vito Anderson, Alexander R. A. TI Linking Changes in Epithelial Morphogenesis to Cancer Mutations Using Computational Modeling SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL; ACINI; INVASION; APOPTOSIS; CULTURES; GROWTH; DOMAIN AB Most tumors arise from epithelial tissues, such as mammary glands and lobules, and their initiation is associated with the disruption of a finely defined epithelial architecture. Progression from intraductal to invasive tumors is related to genetic mutations that occur at a subcellular level but manifest themselves as functional and morphological changes at the cellular and tissue scales, respectively. Elevated proliferation and loss of epithelial polarization are the two most noticeable changes in cell phenotypes during this process. As a result, many three-dimensional cultures of tumorigenic clones show highly aberrant morphologies when compared to regular epithelial monolayers enclosing the hollow lumen ( acini). In order to shed light on phenotypic changes associated with tumor cells, we applied the bio-mechanical IBCell model of normal epithelial morphogenesis quantitatively matched to data acquired from the non-tumorigenic human mammary cell line, MCF10A. We then used a high-throughput simulation study to reveal how modifications in model parameters influence changes in the simulated architecture. Three parameters have been considered in our study, which define cell sensitivity to proliferative, apoptotic and cell-ECM adhesive cues. By mapping experimental morphologies of four MCF10A-derived cell lines carrying different oncogenic mutations onto the model parameter space, we identified changes in cellular processes potentially underlying structural modifications of these mutants. As a case study, we focused on MCF10A cells expressing an oncogenic mutant HER2-YVMA to quantitatively assess changes in cell doubling time, cell apoptotic rate, and cell sensitivity to ECM accumulation when compared to the parental non-tumorigenic cell line. By mapping in vitro mutant morphologies onto in silico ones we have generated a means of linking the morphological and molecular scales via computational modeling. Thus, IBCell in combination with 3D acini cultures can form a computational/experimental platform for suggesting the relationship between the histopathology of neoplastic lesions and their underlying molecular defects. C1 [Rejniak, Katarzyna A.; Anderson, Alexander R. A.] H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Tampa, FL USA. [Rejniak, Katarzyna A.] Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Dept Oncol Sci, Tampa, FL USA. [Wang, Shizhen E.] Beckman Res Inst City Hope, Div Tumor Cell Biol, Duarte, CA USA. [Bryce, Nicole S.; Jourquin, Jerome; Estrada, Lourdes; Arteaga, Carlos L.; Weaver, Alissa M.; Quaranta, Vito] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Vanderbilt Integrat Canc Biol Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. [Chang, Hang; Parvin, Bahram; Gray, Joe W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rejniak, KA (reprint author), H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Tampa, FL USA. EM Kasia.Rejniak@moffitt.org RI Anderson, Alexander/A-2713-2011; Bryce, Nicole/B-4751-2009; Rejniak, Katarzyna /A-5988-2015; Quaranta, Vito/G-6512-2016; OI Anderson, Alexander/0000-0002-2536-4383; Bryce, Nicole/0000-0001-9799-7393; Rejniak, Katarzyna /0000-0003-2093-2422; Quaranta, Vito/0000-0001-7491-8672; Jourquin, Jerome/0000-0002-7468-1166 FU NIH/NCI [U54 CA113007] FX This work was partially supported by the NIH/NCI Integrative Cancer Biology Program (U54 CA113007). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-7358 J9 PLOS COMPUT BIOL JI PLoS Comput. Biol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 6 IS 8 AR e1000900 DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000900 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 644OU UT WOS:000281389500031 ER PT J AU Fries, RJ AF Fries, R. J. TI High energy nuclear collisions: Theory overview SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual Nuclear Physical Symposium CY DEC 08-12, 2009 CL Mumbai, INDIA SP Board Res Nucl Sci, Bhabha Atom Res Ctr DE Heavy ion collisions; quark gluon plasma ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; QUARK; QCD; COLLABORATION; SCATTERING; PLASMA; MATTER AB We review some basic concepts of relativistic heavy-ion physics and discuss our understanding of some key results from the experimental program at the relativistic heavy-ion collider (RHIC). We focus in particular on the early time dynamics of nuclear collisions, some result from lattice QCD, hard probes and photons. C1 [Fries, R. J.] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Fries, R. J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Fries, R. J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fries, RJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, 3366 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM rjfries@comp.tamu.edu NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0304-4289 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 75 IS 2 SI SI BP 235 EP 245 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 642VX UT WOS:000281250200008 ER PT J AU Madhavan, N Nath, S Varughese, T Gehlot, J Jhingan, A Sugathan, P Sinha, AK Singh, R Varier, KM Radhakrishna, MC Prasad, E Kalkal, S Mohanto, G Das, JJ Kumar, R Singh, R Muralithar, S Bhowmik, RK Roy, A Kumar, R Suman, SK Mandal, A Datta, TS Chacko, J Choudhury, A Naik, UG Malyadri, AJ Archunan, M Zacharias, J Rao, S Kumar, M Barua, P Subramanian, ET Rani, K Kumar, BPA Golda, KS AF Madhavan, N. Nath, S. Varughese, T. Gehlot, J. Jhingan, A. Sugathan, P. Sinha, A. K. Singh, R. Varier, K. M. Radhakrishna, M. C. Prasad, E. Kalkal, S. Mohanto, G. Das, J. J. Kumar, Rakesh Singh, R. Muralithar, S. Bhowmik, R. K. Roy, A. Kumar, Rajesh Suman, S. K. Mandal, A. Datta, T. S. Chacko, J. Choudhury, A. Naik, U. G. Malyadri, A. J. Archunan, M. Zacharias, J. Rao, S. Kumar, Mukesh Barua, P. Subramanian, E. T. Rani, K. Kumar, B. P. Ajith Golda, K. S. TI Hybrid recoil mass analyzer at IUAC - First results using gas-filled mode and future plans SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual Nuclear Physical Symposium CY DEC 08-12, 2009 CL Mumbai, INDIA SP Board Res Nucl Sci, Bhabha Atom Res Ctr DE Fusion; heavy evaporation residues; gas-filled separator; recoil mass spectrometer; momentum achromat ID SEPARATOR; FACILITY; SPECTROMETER; NSC AB Hybrid recoil mass analyzer (HYRA) is a unique, dual-mode spectrometer designed to carry out nuclear reaction and structure studies in heavy and medium-mass nuclei using gas-filled and vacuum modes, respectively and has the potential to address newer domains in nuclear physics accessible using high energy, heavy-ion beams from superconducting LINAC accelerator (being commissioned) and ECR-based high current injector system (planned) at IUAC. The first stage of HYRA is operational and initial experiments have been carried out using gas-filled mode for the detection of heavy evaporation residues and heavy quasielastic recoils in the direction of primary beam. Excellent primary beam rejection and transmission efficiency (comparable with other gas-filled separators) have been achieved using a smaller focal plane detection system. There are plans to couple HYRA to other detector arrays such as Indian national gamma array (INGA) and 4 pi spin spectrometer for ER tagged spectroscopic/spin distribution studies and for focal plane decay measurements. C1 [Madhavan, N.; Nath, S.; Varughese, T.; Gehlot, J.; Jhingan, A.; Sugathan, P.; Mohanto, G.; Kumar, Rakesh; Singh, R.; Muralithar, S.; Bhowmik, R. K.; Roy, A.; Kumar, Rajesh; Suman, S. K.; Mandal, A.; Datta, T. S.; Chacko, J.; Choudhury, A.; Naik, U. G.; Malyadri, A. J.; Archunan, M.; Zacharias, J.; Rao, S.; Kumar, Mukesh; Barua, P.; Subramanian, E. T.; Rani, K.; Kumar, B. P. Ajith; Golda, K. S.] Inter Univ Accelerator Ctr, New Delhi 110067, India. [Sinha, A. K.] Kolkata Ctr, UGC DAE Consortium Sci Res, Kolkata 700098, India. [Singh, R.; Kalkal, S.] Univ Delhi, Dept Phys & Astrophys, New Delhi 110007, India. [Varier, K. M.; Prasad, E.] Univ Calicut, Dept Phys, Calicut 673635, Kerala, India. [Radhakrishna, M. C.] Bangalore Univ, Dept Phys, Bengaluru 560056, India. [Das, J. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Madhavan, N (reprint author), Inter Univ Accelerator Ctr, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India. RI Roy, Amit/E-8101-2013; Pullanhiotan, Sugathan/C-4453-2017 OI Pullanhiotan, Sugathan/0000-0001-5773-2008 NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0304-4289 EI 0973-7111 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 75 IS 2 SI SI BP 317 EP 331 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 642VX UT WOS:000281250200015 ER PT J AU Durkee, JW Elson, JS Jason, AJ Johns, RC Waters, LS AF Durkee, Joe W., Jr. Elson, Jay S. Jason, Andrew J. Johns, Russell C. Waters, Laurie S. TI An MCNPX accelerator beam source SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE MCNPX; Accelerator; Beam source; Drift region; Active interrogation AB We have developed a new source feature for MCNPX that enables the transport of particles in a field-free drift region for a beam produced by an accelerator. The beam representation is based on the formulation used in the TRANSPORT charged-particle-beam code. We show how to take the beam equations and tailor the necessary forms for utilization by MCNPX. Simulation results for a muon beam are presented to illustrate the new capability. The new capability is suitable for use in applications including active interrogation and medical physics. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Durkee, Joe W., Jr.; Elson, Jay S.; Jason, Andrew J.; Johns, Russell C.; Waters, Laurie S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Durkee, JW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS K575, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jdurkee@lanl.gov FU Department of Homeland Security Domestic Nuclear Detection Office FX We appreciate the support provided by the Department of Homeland Security Domestic Nuclear Detection Office. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PD AUG PY 2010 VL 52 IS 6 BP 544 EP 554 DI 10.1016/j.pnucene.2009.12.001 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 612EL UT WOS:000278879500004 ER PT J AU Green, MA Emery, K Hishikawa, Y Warta, W AF Green, Martin A. Emery, Keith Hishikawa, Yoshihiro Warta, Wilhelm TI Solar cell efficiency tables (version 36) SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article DE solar cell efficiency; photovoltaic efficiency; energy conversion efficiency ID MULTICRYSTALLINE AB Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and new entries since January 2010 are reviewed. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Green, Martin A.] Univ New S Wales, ARC Photovolta Ctr Excellence, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Emery, Keith] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Hishikawa, Yoshihiro] RCPV, Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. [Warta, Wilhelm] Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst, Dept Solar Cells Mat & Technol, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, ARC Photovolta Ctr Excellence, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM m.green@unsw.edu.au NR 44 TC 241 Z9 248 U1 3 U2 60 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1062-7995 J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD AUG PY 2010 VL 18 IS 5 BP 346 EP 352 DI 10.1002/pip.1021 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 626YI UT WOS:000280004100006 ER PT J AU Lehner, MJ Coehlo, NK Zhang, ZW Bianco, FB Wang, JH Rice, JA Protopapas, P Alcock, C Axelrod, T Byun, YI Chen, WP Cook, KH de Pater, I Kim, DW King, SK Lee, T Marshall, SL Schwamb, ME Wang, SY Wen, CY AF Lehner, M. J. Coehlo, N. K. Zhang, Z. -W. Bianco, F. B. Wang, J. -H. Rice, J. A. Protopapas, P. Alcock, C. Axelrod, T. Byun, Y. -I. Chen, W. P. Cook, K. H. de Pater, I. Kim, D. -W. King, S. -K. Lee, T. Marshall, S. L. Schwamb, M. E. Wang, S. -Y. Wen, C. -Y. TI The TAOS Project: Statistical Analysis of Multi-Telescope Time Series Data SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID KUIPER-BELT OBJECTS; AMERICAN OCCULTATION SURVEY; STELLAR OCCULTATIONS; OORT CLOUD; SEARCH; STARS AB The Taiwanese-American Occultation Survey (TAOS) monitors fields of up to similar to 1000 stars at 5 Hz simultaneously with four small telescopes to detect occultation events from small (similar to 1 km) Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs). The survey presents a number of challenges, in particular the fact that the occultation events we are searching for are extremely rare and are typically manifested as slight flux drops for only one or two consecutive time series measurements. We have developed a statistical analysis technique to search the multi-telescope data set for simultaneous flux drops which provides a robust false-positive rejection and calculation of event significance. In this article, we describe in detail this statistical technique and its application to the TAOS data set. C1 [Lehner, M. J.; Zhang, Z. -W.; Wang, J. -H.; King, S. -K.; Lee, T.; Wang, S. -Y.; Wen, C. -Y.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Lehner, M. J.; Bianco, F. B.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Lehner, M. J.; Bianco, F. B.; Protopapas, P.; Alcock, C.; Kim, D. -W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Coehlo, N. K.; Rice, J. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Z. -W.; Wang, J. -H.; Chen, W. P.] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Astron, Jhongli 320, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. [Bianco, F. B.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Bianco, F. B.] Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope Network Inc, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. [Protopapas, P.; Kim, D. -W.] Harvard Univ, Initiat Innovat Comp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Axelrod, T.] Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Byun, Y. -I.; Kim, D. -W.] Yonsei Univ, Dept Astron, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Cook, K. H.; Marshall, S. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [de Pater, I.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marshall, S. L.] Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Schwamb, M. E.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Lehner, MJ (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, POB 23-141, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM mlehner@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw RI Lee, Typhoon/N-8347-2013; OI Lehner, Matthew/0000-0003-4077-0985 FU National Science Foundation [AS-88-TP-A02, DMS-0636667, AST-0501681, NNG04G113G]; National Central University [NSC 96-2112-M-008-024-MY3] FX This work was supported in part by the thematic research program AS-88-TP-A02 at Academia Sinica. N. K. C.'s work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant DMS-0636667. Work at the Harvard College Observatory was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant AST-0501681 and by NASA under grant NNG04G113G. The work at National Central University was supported by the grant NSC 96-2112-M-008-024-MY3. J. A. R.'s work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant AST-00507254. S. L. M.'s work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract W-7405-Eng-48 and by Stanford Linear Accelerator Center under Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. Y. I. B. acknowledges the support of National Research Foundation of Korea through Grant 2009-0075376. K. H. C.'s work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract W-7405-Eng-48 and in part under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 122 IS 894 BP 959 EP 975 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 634EG UT WOS:000280561700010 ER PT J AU Rithidech, KN Reungpatthanaphong, P Honikel, L Rusek, A Simon, SR AF Rithidech, Kanokporn Noy . Reungpatthanaphong, Paiboon Honikel, Louise Rusek, Adam Simon, Sanford R. TI Dose-rate effects of protons on in vivo activation of nuclear factor-kappa B and cytokines in mouse bone marrow cells SO RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR PARTICLE EVENTS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; IONIZING-RADIATION; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; MICRONUCLEUS FORMATION; GENOMIC INSTABILITY; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; DNA-DAMAGE AB The objective of this study was to determine the kinetics of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation and cytokine expression in bone marrow (BM) cells of exposed mice as a function of the dose rate of protons. The cytokines included in this study are pro-inflammatory [i.e., tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1 beta), and IL-6] and anti-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-4 and IL-10). We gave male BALB/cJ mice a whole-body exposure to 0 (sham-controls) or 1.0 Gy of 100 MeV protons, delivered at 5 or 10 mGy min(-1), the dose and dose rates found during solar particle events in space. As a reference radiation, groups of mice were exposed to 0 (sham-controls) or 1 Gy of (137)Cs gamma rays (10 mGy min(-1)). After irradiation, BM cells were collected at 1.5, 3, 24 h, and 1 month for analyses (five mice per treatment group per harvest time). The results indicated that the in vivo time course of effects induced by a single dose of 1 Gy of 100 MeV protons or (137)Cs gamma rays, delivered at 10 mGy min(-1), was similar. Although statistically significant levels of NF-kappa B activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines in BM cells of exposed mice when compared to those in the corresponding sham controls (Student's t-test, p < 0.05 or < 0.01) were induced by either dose rate, these levels varied over time for each protein. Further, only a dose rate of 5 mGy min(-1) induced significant levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The results indicate dose-rate effects of protons. C1 [Rithidech, Kanokporn Noy .; Reungpatthanaphong, Paiboon; Honikel, Louise; Simon, Sanford R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pathol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Rusek, Adam] Brookhaven Natl Lab, NASA Res Lab, Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rithidech, KN (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pathol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM krithidech@notes.sunysb.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX07AP88G] FX We thank Dr. Peter Guida and his team for logistic support, MaryAnn Petry and her BLAF staff for their assistance in animal handling. We also thank Dr. Michael Sivertz for dosimetry support. This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Grant #NNX07AP88G. NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0301-634X J9 RADIAT ENVIRON BIOPH JI Radiat. Environ. Biophys. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 49 IS 3 BP 405 EP 419 DI 10.1007/s00411-010-0295-z PG 15 WC Biology; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 628QT UT WOS:000280136400016 PM 20508943 ER PT J AU Moscariello, M Sutherland, B AF Moscariello, Mario Sutherland, Betsy TI Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based system for studying clustered DNA damages SO RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRAND-BREAK; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IONIZING-RADIATION; EXCISION-REPAIR; CELL-CYCLE; BIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; RECOMBINATION; SITES; LESIONS; YEAST AB DNA-damaging agents can induce clustered lesions or multiply damaged sites (MDSs) on the same or opposing DNA strands. In the latter, attempts to repair MDS can generate closely opposed single-strand break intermediates that may convert non-lethal or mutagenic base damage into double-strand breaks (DSBs). We constructed a diploid S. cerevisiae yeast strain with a chromosomal context targeted by integrative DNA fragments carrying different damages to determine whether closely opposed base damages are converted to DSBs following the outcomes of the homologous recombination repair pathway. As a model of MDS, we studied clustered uracil DNA damages with a known location and a defined distance separating the lesions. The system we describe might well be extended to assessing the repair of MDSs with different compositions, and to most of the complex DNA lesions induced by physical and chemical agents. C1 [Moscariello, Mario] Univ Klinikum Essen, Inst Med Strahlenbiol, D-45147 Essen, Germany. [Moscariello, Mario; Sutherland, Betsy] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Moscariello, M (reprint author), Univ Klinikum Essen, Inst Med Strahlenbiol, Inst Grp 1,Virchowstr 171, D-45147 Essen, Germany. EM mario.moscariello@uk-essen.de FU Exploration Systems Mission Directorate of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNJ07HC731]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy [DOE: BO-089] FX This research was supported by a Human Research Program of the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NNJ07HC731) and Low Radiation Dose Program of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy (Grant DOE: BO-089) to BMS. The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. S. Tafrov for helpful suggestions, and J. Jardine and W. Abele for technical support. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0301-634X J9 RADIAT ENVIRON BIOPH JI Radiat. Environ. Biophys. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 49 IS 3 BP 447 EP 456 DI 10.1007/s00411-010-0303-3 PG 10 WC Biology; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 628QT UT WOS:000280136400020 PM 20552213 ER PT J AU Keszenman, DJ Sutherland, BM AF Keszenman, Deborah J. Sutherland, Betsy M. TI Yields of Clustered DNA Damage Induced by Charged-Particle Radiations of Similar Kinetic Energy per Nucleon: LET Dependence in Different DNA Microenvironments SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; RELATIVE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS; HUMAN HEMATOPOIETIC-CELLS; ACCELERATED HEAVY-IONS; BASE-EXCISION-REPAIR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI FPG; IONIZING-RADIATION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY AB To determine the linear energy transfer (LET) dependence of the biological effects of densely ionizing radiation in relation to changes in the ionization density along the track, we measured the yields and spectrum of clustered DNA damages induced by charged particles of different atomic number but similar kinetic energy per nucleon in different DNA microenvironments. Yeast DNA embedded in agarose in solutions of different free radical scavenging capacity was irradiated with 1 GeV protons, 1 GeV/nucleon oxygen ions, 980 MeV/nucleon titanium ions or 968 MeV/nucleon iron ions. The frequencies of double-strand breaks (DSBs), abasic sites and oxypurine clusters were quantified. The total DNA damage yields per absorbed dose induced in non-radioquenching solution decreased with LET, with minor variations in radioquenching conditions being detected. However, the total damage yields per particle fluence increased with LET in both conditions, indicating a higher efficiency per particle to induce clustered DNA damages. The yields of DSBs and non-DSB clusters as well as the damage spectra varied with LET and DNA milieu, suggesting the involvement of more than one mechanism in the formation of the different types of clustered damages. (C) 2010 by Radiation Research Society C1 [Keszenman, Deborah J.; Sutherland, Betsy M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Keszenman, DJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, 50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM keszenman@bnl.gov FU NASA [NNJ07HC731]; DOE [DEAC 02-98CH10886 (BO-086)]; NSBRI FX We thank Dr. John Sutherland, Denise Monteleone and John Trunk for use of ImageSystem, Jim Jardine and William Abele for their technical assistance, and Paula Bennett for her very helpful discussions. We also thank Dr. Carl Anderson for his critical reading of the manuscript, Drs. Adam Rusek, Michael Sivertz and I Hung Chiang (NSRL Physics) for dosimetry and untiring help, and Keith Thompson for statistical analysis of the data. This research was supported by Human Research Program of the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate of NASA to BMS (NNJ07HC731, Low Radiation Dose Program of DOE [DEAC 02-98CH10886 (BO-086)], and the Human Research Program of the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate of NASA to BMS, and NSBRI (PI, A. Gewirtz; Co-PI, BMS). NR 50 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 174 IS 2 BP 238 EP 250 DI 10.1667/RR2093.1 PG 13 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 639OM UT WOS:000280984100012 PM 20681790 ER PT J AU Halzen, F Klein, SR AF Halzen, Francis Klein, Spencer R. TI Invited Review Article: IceCube: An instrument for neutrino astronomy SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Review ID HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS; GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; COSMIC-RAYS; ANTARCTIC ICE; GLACIAL ICE; SOUTH-POLE; DETECTOR; AMANDA; DEEP; TELESCOPE AB Neutrino astronomy beyond the Sun was first imagined in the late 1950s; by the 1970s, it was realized that kilometer-scale neutrino detectors were required. The first such instrument, IceCube, is near completion and taking data. The IceCube project transforms 1 km(3) of deep and ultratransparent Antarctic ice into a particle detector. A total of 5160 optical sensors is embedded into a gigaton of Antarctic ice to detect the Cherenkov light emitted by secondary particles produced when neutrinos interact with nuclei in the ice. Each optical sensor is a complete data acquisition system including a phototube, digitization electronics, control and trigger systems, and light-emitting diodes for calibration. The light patterns reveal the type (flavor) of neutrino interaction and the energy and direction of the neutrino, making neutrino astronomy possible. The scientific missions of IceCube include such varied tasks as the search for sources of cosmic rays, the observation of galactic supernova explosions, the search for dark matter, and the study of the neutrinos themselves. These reach energies well beyond those produced with accelerator beams. The outline of this review is as follows: neutrino astronomy and kilometer-scale detectors, high-energy neutrino telescopes: methodologies of neutrino detection, IceCube hardware, high-energy neutrino telescopes: beyond astronomy, and future projects. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3480478] C1 [Halzen, Francis] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Klein, Spencer R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Klein, Spencer R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Halzen, F (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. FU National Science Foundation [0653266, OPP-0236449, PHY-0354776]; Department of Energy [DE-AC-76SF-00098] FX We thank our IceCube collaborators for numerous discussions on neutrino physics. We thank Evelyn Malkus and Kim Krieger for helping with graphics and proofreading and Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez for the event displays in Fig. 22. This work was funded in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. 0653266, OPP-0236449, and PHY-0354776 and by the Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC-76SF-00098. NR 141 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 81 IS 8 AR 081101 DI 10.1063/1.3480478 PG 24 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 651DZ UT WOS:000281906100001 PM 20815596 ER PT J AU Suggit, M Kimminau, G Hawreliak, J Remington, B Park, N Wark, J AF Suggit, Matthew Kimminau, Giles Hawreliak, James Remington, Bruce Park, Nigel Wark, Justin TI Nanosecond x-ray Laue diffraction apparatus suitable for laser shock compression experiments SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITION; SILICON; CRYSTALS AB We have used nanosecond bursts of x-rays emitted from a laser-produced plasma, comprised of a mixture of mid-Z elements, to produce a quasiwhite-light spectrum suitable for performing Laue diffraction from single crystals. The laser-produced plasma emits x-rays ranging in energy from 3 to in excess of 10 keV, and is sufficiently bright for single shot nanosecond diffraction patterns to be recorded. The geometry is suitable for the study of laser-shocked crystals, and single-shot diffraction patterns from both unshocked and shocked silicon crystals are presented. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3455211] C1 [Suggit, Matthew; Kimminau, Giles; Wark, Justin] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Hawreliak, James; Remington, Bruce] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Park, Nigel] AWE, Mat Modelling Grp, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. RP Suggit, M (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM matthew.suggit@physics.ox.ac.uk FU LLNL [B566832]; LLNL LDRD [09-SI-010] FX The authors would like to thank the Target Fabrication group at the Central Laser Facility for producing the mixed metal foil. M. S. is grateful for support from AWE, Aldermaston and to Andrew Higginbotham for helpful discussions. G. K. is grateful for partial support from LLNL under Sub-contract No. B566832. We would also like to acknowledge LLNL LDRD Grant No. 09-SI-010 for partial support. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 81 IS 8 AR 083902 DI 10.1063/1.3455211 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 651DZ UT WOS:000281906100019 PM 20815613 ER PT J AU Whaley, JA McDaniel, AH El Gabaly, F Farrow, RL Grass, ME Hussain, Z Liu, Z Linne, MA Bluhm, H McCarty, KF AF Whaley, Josh A. McDaniel, Anthony H. El Gabaly, Farid Farrow, Roger L. Grass, Michael E. Hussain, Zahid Liu, Zhi Linne, Mark A. Bluhm, Hendrik McCarty, Kevin F. TI Note: Fixture for characterizing electrochemical devices in-operando in traditional vacuum systems SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SITU; SPECTROSCOPY AB We describe a fixture that allows electrochemical devices to be studied under electrical bias in the type of vacuum systems commonly used in surface science. Three spring-loaded probes provide independent contacts for device operation and the characterization in vacuum or under in situ conditions with reactive gases. We document the robustness of the electrical contacts over large temperature changes and their reliability for conventional electrochemical measurements such as impedance spectroscopy. The optical access provided to the device enables the analysis by many techniques, as we demonstrate using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to measure local electrical potentials on a solid-oxide electrolyte device operating at high temperature in near-ambient pressure. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3479384] C1 [Whaley, Josh A.; McDaniel, Anthony H.; El Gabaly, Farid; Farrow, Roger L.; Linne, Mark A.; McCarty, Kevin F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Grass, Michael E.; Hussain, Zahid; Liu, Zhi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bluhm, Hendrik] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Whaley, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI McCarty, Kevin/F-9368-2012; Liu, Zhi/B-3642-2009 OI McCarty, Kevin/0000-0002-8601-079X; Liu, Zhi/0000-0002-8973-6561 FU U.S. Department of Energy through the Sandia Laboratory [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy through the Sandia Laboratory Directed Research and Development program under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 81 IS 8 AR 086104 DI 10.1063/1.3479384 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 651DZ UT WOS:000281906100039 PM 20815633 ER PT J AU Berry, KE Waghray, S Doudna, JA AF Berry, Katherine E. Waghray, Shruti Doudna, Jennifer A. TI The HCV IRES pseudoknot positions the initiation codon on the 40S ribosomal subunit SO RNA-A PUBLICATION OF THE RNA SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hepatitis C virus (HCV); internal ribosome entry site (IRES); pseudoknot; RNA structure; translation initiation; initiation codon ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; SWINE-FEVER VIRUS; 5' NONTRANSLATED REGIONS; TRANSLATION INITIATION; ENTRY SITE; INTERNAL INITIATION; RNA PSEUDOKNOT; MESSENGER-RNA; 80S RIBOSOME; DOMAIN-II AB The hepatitis C virus (HCV) genomic RNA contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in its 5' untranslated region, the structure of which is essential for viral protein translation. The IRES includes a predicted pseudoknot interaction near the AUG start codon, but the results of previous studies of its structure have been conflicting. Using mutational analysis coupled with activity and functional assays, we verified the importance of pseudoknot base pairings for IRES-mediated translation and, using 35 mutants, conducted a comprehensive study of the structural tolerance and functional contributions of the pseudoknot. Ribosomal toeprinting experiments show that the entirety of the pseudoknot element positions the initiation codon in the mRNA binding cleft of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Optimal spacing between the pseudoknot and the start site AUG resembles that between the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and the initiation codon in bacterial mRNAs. Finally, we validated the HCV IRES pseudoknot as a potential drug target using antisense 2'-OMe oligonucleotides. C1 [Berry, Katherine E.; Waghray, Shruti; Doudna, Jennifer A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Doudna, Jennifer A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Doudna, Jennifer A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Doudna, Jennifer A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Doudna, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM doudna@berkeley.edu FU National Institutes of Health FX We thank N. Husain for assistance with cloning, and W. Berry, C. Fraser, and members of the Doudna laboratory for helpful discussions and comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a Program project grant from the National Institutes of Health and a research gift generously provided by Gilead, Inc. ( to J.A.D.). NR 39 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1355-8382 J9 RNA JI RNA-Publ. RNA Soc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1559 EP 1569 DI 10.1261/rna.2197210 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 624XJ UT WOS:000279855200011 PM 20584896 ER PT J AU Bruno, G Efremov, AM Brown, DW AF Bruno, Giovanni Efremov, Alexander M. Brown, Donald W. TI Evidence for and calculation of micro-strain in porous synthetic cordierite SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Cordierite; Micro-strain; Neutron diffraction; Coefficient of thermal expansion ID THERMAL-EXPANSION; ANISOTROPY AB Following a preceding work on cordicrite thermal expansion, high temperature neutron diffraction has allowed observation of lattice strain with temperature in extruded porous cordierite in the form of a rod. The temperature dependence of the grain micro-stress in the rod was determined from neutron diffraction data (by comparison with powder data) and from the macroscopic thermal expansion (by the integrity factor model). The two methods are in good agreement. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bruno, Giovanni] Corning SAS, Mat, CETC, F-77210 Avon, France. [Efremov, Alexander M.] Corning OOO, Modeling & Simulat, CSC, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Brown, Donald W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bruno, G (reprint author), Corning SAS, Mat, CETC, 7 Bis,Ave Valvins, F-77210 Avon, France. EM brunog@corning.com RI Bruno, Giovanni/E-2817-2013 NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 63 IS 3 BP 285 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.04.008 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 615HS UT WOS:000279126000007 ER PT J AU Li, N Wang, J Huang, JY Misra, A Zhang, X AF Li, Nan Wang, J. Huang, J. Y. Misra, A. Zhang, X. TI In situ TEM observations of room temperature dislocation climb at interfaces in nanolayered Al/Nb composites SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE in situ TEM; Dislocations; Multi layers; Climb ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; NANOCRYSTALLINE ALUMINUM; ATOMISTIC SIMULATIONS; METALLIC MULTILAYERS; FORMATION MECHANISM; WEAK INTERFACES; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; AL; DEFORMATION; SCALE AB Using in situ nanoindentation, we investigated dislocation interface interactions in Al/Nb multilayers. Preferential storage of dislocations at interfaces, as opposed to within layers, was observed. Recovery of dislocations was observed to occur through climb in the interfaces. The rapid climb of dislocations is ascribed to high vacancy diffusivity and vacancy concentration in the interfaces. The vacancy formation energy at interfaces, 0.12 eV, as estimated from the experimentally measured climb rates, was found to be significantly lower than in the bulk. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Li, Nan; Wang, J.; Misra, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Li, Nan; Zhang, X.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Huang, J. Y.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wangj6@lanl.gov; zhangx@tamu.edu RI Li, Nan /F-8459-2010; Huang, Jianyu/C-5183-2008; Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012; Zhang, Xinghang/H-6764-2013; Wang, Jian/F-2669-2012 OI Li, Nan /0000-0002-8248-9027; Zhang, Xinghang/0000-0002-8380-8667; Wang, Jian/0000-0001-5130-300X FU US Army Research Office Materials Science Division [W911NF-09-1-0223]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Research at Texas A&M University is funded by the US Army Research Office Materials Science Division under contract No. W911NF-09-1-0223. X.Z. also acknowledges access to the Department of Energy Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies through a user program. Research at LANL is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. J.H. of the Sandia National Laboratory, operated by Sandia Corp., a Lockheed-Martin Company, acknowledges support from the Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. The authors acknowledge discussions with Prof. John P. Hirth. NR 36 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 5 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 63 IS 4 BP 363 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.04.005 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 620JP UT WOS:000279496000003 ER PT J AU Caballero, FG Miller, MK Clarke, AJ Garcia-Mateo, C AF Caballero, F. G. Miller, M. K. Clarke, A. J. Garcia-Mateo, C. TI Examination of carbon partitioning into austenite during tempering of bainite SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Bainitic steels; Tempering; Atom probe tomography; Carbon partitioning ID FERRITE PLATES; STEEL; TRANSFORMATION; MARTENSITE AB The redistribution of carbon after tempering of a novel nanocrystalline bainitic steel consisting of a mixture of supersaturated ferrite and retained austenite has been analyzed by atom probe tomography. No direct evidence supporting the additional carbon enrichment of austenite beyond that initially achieved during the bainite heat treatment was obtained during subsequent tempering of this high carbon, high silicon steel. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Caballero, F. G.; Garcia-Mateo, C.] CSIC, CENIM, Dept Met Phys, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Miller, M. K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Clarke, A. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Caballero, FG (reprint author), CSIC, CENIM, Dept Met Phys, Avda Gregorio del Amo 8, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM fgc@cenim.csic.es RI CABALLERO, FRANCISCA/A-4292-2008; Garcia-Mateo, Carlos/A-7752-2008; OI Garcia-Mateo, Carlos/0000-0002-4773-5077; Caballero, Francisca/0000-0002-5548-7659 FU Research Fund for Coal and Steel [RFSR-CT-2008-00022]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [MAT2007 - 63873]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center; National Science Foundation Industry/University Cooperative Research Center at the Colorado School of Mines; Inter-American Materials Collaboration Program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Research Fund for Coal and Steel and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for funding this research under the contracts RFSR-CT-2008-00022 and MAT2007 - 63873, respectively. Research at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory SHaRE User Facility was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. A.J. Clarke gratefully acknowledges support from Los Alamos National Security, LLC, operator of the Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract number DE-AC52-06NA25396 with the U.S. Department of Energy and the Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center, a National Science Foundation Industry/University Cooperative Research Center at the Colorado School of Mines and the Inter-American Materials Collaboration Program. NR 17 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 63 IS 4 BP 442 EP 445 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.04.049 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 620JP UT WOS:000279496000023 ER PT J AU Mueller, AD Anselmetti, FS Ariztegui, D Brenner, M Hodell, DA Curtis, JH Escobar, J Gilli, A Grzesik, DA Guilderson, TP Kutterolf, S Plotze, M AF Mueller, Andreas D. Anselmetti, Flavio S. Ariztegui, Daniel Brenner, Mark Hodell, David A. Curtis, Jason H. Escobar, Jaime Gilli, Adrian Grzesik, Dustin A. Guilderson, Thomas P. Kutterolf, Steffen Ploetze, Michael TI Late Quaternary palaeoenvironment of northern Guatemala: evidence from deep drill cores and seismic stratigraphy of Lake Peten Itza SO SEDIMENTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Guatemala; lake level changes; lake sediments; palaeoclimatology; Peten Itza; seismic stratigraphy ID LOWLAND CENTRAL-AMERICA; MAYA LOWLANDS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ANCIENT MAYA; SOIL-EROSION; HOLOCENE; RECORD; PLEISTOCENE; ATLANTIC AB Long sediment cores were collected in spring 2006 from Lake Peten Itza, northern Guatemala, in water depths ranging from 30 to 150 m, as part of an International Continental Scientific Drilling Program project. The sediment records from deep water consist mainly of alternating clay, gypsum and carbonate units and, in at least two drill sites, extend back > 200 kyr. Most of the lithostratigraphic units are traceable throughout the basin along seismic reflections that serve as seismic stratigraphic boundaries and suggest that the lithostratigraphy can be used to infer regional palaeoenvironmental changes. A revised seismic stratigraphy was established on the basis of integrated lithological and seismic reflection data from the basin. From ca 200 to ca 85 ka, sediments are dominated by carbonate-clay silt, often interbedded with sandy turbidites, indicating a sediment regime dominated by detrital sedimentation in a relatively humid climate. At ca 85 ka, an exposure horizon consisting of gravels, coarse sand and terrestrial gastropods marks a lake lowstand or partial basin desiccation, indicating dry climate conditions. From ca 85 to ca 48 ka, transgressive carbonate-clay sediments, overlain by deep-water clays, suggest a lake level rise and subsequent stabilization at high stage. From ca 48 ka to present, the lithology is characterized by alternating clay and gypsum units. Gypsum deposition correlates with Heinrich Events (i.e. dry climate), whereas clay units coincide with more humid interstadials. C1 [Mueller, Andreas D.; Gilli, Adrian] ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Anselmetti, Flavio S.] Eawag Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dept Surface Waters, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Ariztegui, Daniel] Univ Geneva, Sect Earth & Environm Sci, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland. [Brenner, Mark; Curtis, Jason H.; Escobar, Jaime; Grzesik, Dustin A.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Brenner, Mark; Curtis, Jason H.; Escobar, Jaime; Grzesik, Dustin A.] Univ Florida, LUECI, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hodell, David A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. [Guilderson, Thomas P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kutterolf, Steffen] IfM Geomar, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Ploetze, Michael] ETH, ClayLab, Inst Geotech Engn, Swiss Fed Inst Technol,Geol Inst, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Mueller, AD (reprint author), ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM andreas.mueller@erdw.ethz.ch RI Mueller, Andreas/D-6272-2013; OI Mueller, Andreas/0000-0003-3513-5776; Gilli, Adrian/0000-0003-4193-2157; Kutterolf, Steffen/0000-0002-0645-3399 FU US National Science Foundation [ATM-0502030, ATM-0502126]; International Continental Scientific Drilling Program; Swiss National Science Foundation and the ETH Research [TH-1/04-1]; U.S. Department of Energy; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX We thank the many people who assisted us with field work on the Lake Peten Itza Scientific Drilling Project: Gabriela Alfaro, Jacobo Blijdenstein, Cornelia Bronnimann, Kristina Brady, Mark Bush, Emmanuel Chapron, Erin Endsley, Christina Gallup, Valerie Gamble, Stephanie Girardclos, Robert Hofmann, Gerald Islebe, Jennifer Mays, Melisa Orozco, Anders Noren, Liseth Perez, Silja Ramirez and Florian Thevenon. We are also grateful to the numerous agencies and individuals in Guatemala who provided assistance to the project including: Universidad del Valle, Universidad San Carlos, Ministerio de Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Areas Protegidas, Instituto de Antropologia e Historia, Autoridad Para el Manejo y Desarrollo Sostenible de la Cuenca del Lago Peten-Itza, Wildlife Conservation Society, Alex Arrivillaga, Cathy Lopez, Margaret Dix, Michael Dix, Margarita Palmieri, David, Rosita, & Kelsey Kuhn, and the staff at La Casa de Don David, Lico Godoy, Tony Ortiz, Franz Sperisen, Luis Toruno and Julian Tesucun. We also thank our many collaborators from University of Florida, University of Minnesota (Minneapolis/Duluth), Geoforschungszentrum (Potsdam), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (Zurich), Universitede Geneve, the personnel of DOSECC (Drilling, Observation and Sampling of the Earth's Continental Crust), and Ruedi Baumann for help taking the X-rays, Florence Sylvestre for help determining diatoms as well as Irene Brunner (Eawag) for geochemical analyses. The cores are archived at LacCore (National Lacustrine Core Repository), Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities and we thank Kristina Brady, Amy Myrbo and Anders Noren for their assistance in core description and curation. This project was funded by grants from the US National Science Foundation (ATM-0502030 and ATM-0502126), the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program, the Swiss National Science Foundation and the ETH Research Grant TH-1/04-1. Radiocarbon analyses were performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. NR 46 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0037-0746 J9 SEDIMENTOLOGY JI Sedimentology PD AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1220 EP 1245 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2009.01144.x PG 26 WC Geology SC Geology GA 623TR UT WOS:000279767900004 ER PT J AU Lin, YZ Wohlberg, B Guo, HB AF Lin, Youzuo Wohlberg, Brendt Guo, Hongbin TI UPRE method for total variation parameter selection SO SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Parameter selection; Total variation regularization; Large scale problem; Inverse problem ID GENERALIZED CROSS-VALIDATION; POSED PROBLEMS; REGULARIZATION; ALGORITHMS AB Total variation (TV) regularization is a popular method for solving a wide variety of inverse problems in image processing. In order to optimize the reconstructed image, it is important to choose a good regularization parameter. The unbiased predictive risk estimator (UPRE) has been shown to give a good estimate of this parameter for Tikhonov regularization. In this paper we propose an extension of the UPRE method to the TV problem. Since direct computation of the extended UPRE is impractical in the case of inverse problems such as deblurring, due to the large scale of the associated linear problem, we also propose a method which provides a good approximation of this large scale problem, while significantly reducing computational requirements. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lin, Youzuo; Guo, Hongbin] Arizona State Univ, Sch Math & Stat Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Wohlberg, Brendt] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lin, YZ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Math & Stat Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM youzuo.lin@asu.edu; brendt@lanl.gov; hguo1@asu.edu RI Wohlberg, Brendt/M-7764-2015 OI Wohlberg, Brendt/0000-0002-4767-1843 FU U.S. Department of Energy FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD Program. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-1684 J9 SIGNAL PROCESS JI Signal Process. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 90 IS 8 BP 2546 EP 2551 DI 10.1016/j.sigpro.2010.02.025 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 603VE UT WOS:000278235400021 ER PT J AU Trcka, M Hensen, JLM Wetter, M AF Trcka, Marija Hensen, Jan L. M. Wetter, Michael TI Co-simulation for performance prediction of integrated building and HVAC systems - An analysis of solution characteristics using a two-body system SO SIMULATION MODELLING PRACTICE AND THEORY LA English DT Article DE Co-simulation; Building system performance simulation; Integrated building simulation AB Integrated performance simulation of buildings and heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems can help in reducing energy consumption and increasing occupant comfort. However, no single building performance simulation (BPS) tool offers sufficient capabilities and flexibilities to analyze integrated building systems and to enable rapid prototyping of innovative building and system technologies. One way to alleviate this problem is to use co-simulation to integrate different BPS tools. Co-simulation approach represents a particular case of simulation scenario where at least two simulators solve coupled differential-algebraic systems of equations and exchange data that couples these equations during the time integration. This article analyzes how co-simulation influences consistency, stability and accuracy of the numerical approximation to the solution. Consistency and zero-stability are studied for a general class of the problem, while a detailed consistency and absolute stability analysis is given for a simple two-body problem. Since the accuracy of the numerical approximation to the solution is reduced in co-simulation, the article concludes by discussing ways for how to improve accuracy. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Trcka, Marija; Hensen, Jan L. M.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Wetter, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Simulat Res Grp,Bldg Technol Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Trcka, M (reprint author), Eindhoven Univ Technol, POB 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. EM m.trcka@tue.nl RI Hensen, Jan/J-6100-2013 OI Hensen, Jan/0000-0002-7528-4234 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This research was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Building Technologies of the US Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-190X J9 SIMUL MODEL PRACT TH JI Simul. Model. Pract. Theory PD AUG PY 2010 VL 18 IS 7 BP 957 EP 970 DI 10.1016/j.simpat.2010.02.011 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 616TN UT WOS:000279232800003 ER PT J AU Han, MG Zhu, YM Sasaki, K Kato, T Fisher, CAJ Hirayama, T AF Han, Myung-Geun Zhu, Yimei Sasaki, Katsuhiro Kato, Takeharu Fisher, Craig A. J. Hirayama, Tsukasa TI Direct measurement of electron beam induced currents in p-type silicon SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Transmission electron microscopy; EBIC; Carrier transport; Semiconductor ID STEADY-STATE; MICROSCOPY AB A new method for measuring electron beam induced currents (EBICs) in p-type silicon using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) with a high-precision tungsten probe is presented. Current-voltage (I-V) curves obtained under various electron-beam illumination conditions are found to depend strongly on the current density of the incoming electron beam and the relative distance of the beam from the point of probe contact, consistent with a buildup of excess electrons around the contact. This setup provides a new experimental approach for studying minority carrier transport in semiconductors on the nanometer scale. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Han, Myung-Geun; Zhu, Yimei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Han, Myung-Geun; Kato, Takeharu; Fisher, Craig A. J.; Hirayama, Tsukasa] Japan Fine Ceram Ctr, Nanostruct Res Lab, Atsuta Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4568587, Japan. [Sasaki, Katsuhiro] Nagoya Univ, Dept Quantum Engn, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. RP Han, MG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 480, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mghan@bnl.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 54 IS 8 BP 777 EP 780 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2010.03.008 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 614TW UT WOS:000279083700006 ER PT J AU Jin, QL Duggan, R Dasa, SSK Li, F Chen, LH AF Jin, Qiaoling Duggan, Ryan Dasa, Siva S. K. Li, Fei Chen, Liaohai TI Random Mitotic Activities Across Human Embryonic Stem Cell Colonies SO STEM CELLS AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SELF-RENEWAL; DIFFERENTIATION; PLURIPOTENCY; LINES; MAINTENANCE; FIBROBLASTS; EXPRESSION; CULTURE; PROTEIN; MARKER AB A systemic and quantitative study was performed to examine whether different levels of mitotic activities, assessed by the percentage of S-phase cells at any given time point, existed at different physical regions of human embryonic stem (hES) cell colonies at 2, 4, 6 days after cell passaging. Mitotically active cells were identified by the positive incorporation of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) within their newly synthesized DNA. Our data indicated that mitotically active cells were often distributed as clusters randomly across the colonies within the examined growth period, presumably resulting from local deposition of newly divided cells. This latter notion was further demonstrated by the confined growth of enhanced green florescence protein (EGFP) expressing cells amongst non-GFP expressing cells. Furthermore, the overall percentage of mitotically active cells remained constantly at about 50% throughout the 6-day culture period, indicating mitotic activities of hES cell cultures were time-independent under current growth conditions. C1 [Jin, Qiaoling; Dasa, Siva S. K.; Chen, Liaohai] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Duggan, Ryan] Univ Chicago Flow Cytometry Facil, Chicago, IL USA. [Li, Fei] Univ Illinois, Dept Pharmacol, Chicago, IL USA. RP Jin, QL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. EM qjin@anl.gov; lhchen@anl.gov FU NIH [R01 NS047719] FX This work was supported by NIH (Grant R01 NS047719). We are greatly thankful for the plasmid pYPL2 from Dr. Yiping Liu at University of Wisconsin. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1547-3287 J9 STEM CELLS DEV JI Stem Cells Dev. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 19 IS 8 BP 1241 EP 1248 DI 10.1089/scd.2009.0324 PG 8 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Transplantation SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Transplantation GA 641WV UT WOS:000281163000012 PM 19842916 ER PT J AU Ye, M Meyer, PD Lin, YF Neuman, SP AF Ye, Ming Meyer, Philip D. Lin, Yu-Feng Neuman, Shlomo P. TI Quantification of model uncertainty in environmental modeling SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ye, Ming] Florida State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Meyer, Philip D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Lin, Yu-Feng] Univ Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Neuman, Shlomo P.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Ye, M (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM mye@fsu.edu RI Ye, Ming/A-5964-2008; OI Lin, Yu-Feng/0000-0001-6454-0901 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-3240 J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 24 IS 6 SI SI BP 807 EP 808 DI 10.1007/s00477-010-0377-0 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA 621SX UT WOS:000279605300001 ER PT J AU Diks, CGH Vrugt, JA AF Diks, Cees G. H. Vrugt, Jasper A. TI Comparison of point forecast accuracy of model averaging methods in hydrologic applications SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Bates-Granger weights; Bayesian model averaging; Granger-Ramanathan weights; Mallows model averaging; Streamflow forecasting; Tensiometric pressure head ID OPTIMIZATION; UNCERTAINTY; SIMULATION; RUNOFF AB Multi-model averaging is currently receiving a surge of attention in the atmospheric, hydrologic, and statistical literature to explicitly handle conceptual model uncertainty in the analysis of environmental systems and derive predictive distributions of model output. Such density forecasts are necessary to help analyze which parts of the model are well resolved, and which parts are subject to considerable uncertainty. Yet, accurate point predictors are still desired in many practical applications. In this paper, we compare a suite of different model averaging techniques by their ability to improve forecast accuracy of environmental systems. We compare equal weights averaging (EWA), Bates-Granger model averaging (BGA), averaging using Akaike's information criterion (AICA), and Bayes' Information Criterion (BICA), Bayesian model averaging (BMA), Mallows model averaging (MMA), and Granger-Ramanathan averaging (GRA) for two different hydrologic systems involving water flow through a 1950 km(2) watershed and 5 m deep vadose zone. Averaging methods with weights restricted to the multi-dimensional simplex (positive weights summing up to one) are shown to have considerably larger forecast errors than approaches with unconstrained weights. Whereas various sophisticated model averaging approaches have recently emerged in the literature, our results convincingly demonstrate the advantages of GRA for hydrologic applications. This method achieves similar performance as MMA and BMA, but is much simpler to implement and use, and computationally much less demanding. C1 [Diks, Cees G. H.] Univ Amsterdam, Fac Econ & Business, Ctr Nonlinear Dynam Econ & Finance CenDEF, NL-1018 WB Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Vrugt, Jasper A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Vrugt, Jasper A.] Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam IBED, NL-1018 WV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Vrugt, Jasper A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Henry Samueli Sch Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Diks, CGH (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Fac Econ & Business, Ctr Nonlinear Dynam Econ & Finance CenDEF, Roetersstr 11, NL-1018 WB Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM C.G.H.Diks@uva.nl; jasper@uci.edu RI Vrugt, Jasper/C-3660-2008 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory FX The second author is supported by a J. Robert Oppenheimer Fellowship from the Los Alamos National Laboratory Postdoctoral Program. The authors gratefully acknowledge Thomas Wohling, Lincoln Ventures Ltd., Ruakura Resears Center, Hamilton, New Zealand, for kindly providing the tensiometric pressure head data. NR 40 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 6 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-3240 J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 24 IS 6 SI SI BP 809 EP 820 DI 10.1007/s00477-010-0378-z PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA 621SX UT WOS:000279605300002 ER PT J AU Morales-Casique, E Neuman, SP Vesselinov, VV AF Morales-Casique, Eric Neuman, Shlomo P. Vesselinov, Velimir V. TI Maximum likelihood Bayesian averaging of airflow models in unsaturated fractured tuff using Occam and variance windows SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian model averaging; Airflow; Inverse modelling; Maximum likelihood ID 3-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL INVERSION; CROSS-HOLE TESTS; UNCERTAINTY; PARAMETERS; SIMULATION; AQUIFER AB We use log permeability and porosity data obtained from single-hole pneumatic packer tests in six boreholes drilled into unsaturated fractured tuff near Superior, Arizona, to postulate, calibrate and compare five alternative variogram models (exponential, exponential with linear drift, power, truncated power based on exponential modes, and truncated power based on Gaussian modes) of these parameters based on four model selection criteria (AIC, AICc, BIC and KIC). Relying primarily on KIC and cross-validation we select the first three of these variogram models and use them to parameterize log air permeability and porosity across the site via kriging in terms of their values at selected pilot points and at some single-hole measurement locations. For each of the three variogram models we estimate log air permeabilities and porosities at the pilot points by calibrating a finite volume pressure simulator against two cross-hole pressure data sets from sixteen boreholes at the site. The traditional Occam's window approach in conjunction with AIC, AICc, BIC and KIC assigns a posterior probability of nearly 1 to the power model. A recently proposed variance window approach does the same when applied in conjunction with AIC, AICc, BIC but spreads the posterior probability more evenly among the three models when used in conjunction with KIC. We compare the abilities of individual models and MLBMA, based on both Occam and variance windows, to predict space-time pressure variations observed during two cross-hole tests other than those employed for calibration. Individual models with the largest posterior probabilities turned out to be the worst or second worst predictors of pressure in both validation cases. Some individual models predicted pressures more accurately than did MLBMA. MLBMA was far superior to any of the individual models in one validation test and second to last in the other validation test in terms of predictive coverage and log scores. C1 [Morales-Casique, Eric] Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, Dept Earth Sci, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Neuman, Shlomo P.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Vesselinov, Velimir V.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Morales-Casique, E (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, Dept Earth Sci, POB 80021, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. EM morales@geo.uu.nl RI Morales-Casique, Eric/D-1565-2011; Vesselinov, Velimir/P-4724-2016 OI Morales-Casique, Eric/0000-0001-8481-0251; Vesselinov, Velimir/0000-0002-6222-0530 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-0407123]; U.S. Department of Energy through a contract with Vanderbilt University under the Consortium for Risk Evaluation FX This work was supported jointly by U.S. National Science Foundation Grant EAR-0407123 and the U.S. Department of Energy through a contract with Vanderbilt University under the Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation (CRESP) III. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-3240 EI 1436-3259 J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 24 IS 6 SI SI BP 863 EP 880 DI 10.1007/s00477-010-0383-2 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA 621SX UT WOS:000279605300006 ER PT J AU Faybishenko, B AF Faybishenko, Boris TI Fuzzy-probabilistic calculations of water-balance uncertainty SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Water balance; Uncertainty; Fuzzy-probabilistic approach; Fuzzy calculations ID HANFORD SITE; VADOSE ZONE; MODEL; MANAGEMENT; RECHARGE; FUSION AB Hydrogeological systems are often characterized by imprecise, vague, inconsistent, incomplete, or subjective information, which may limit the application of conventional stochastic methods in predicting hydrogeologic conditions and associated uncertainty. Instead, predictions and uncertainty analysis can be made using uncertain input parameters expressed as probability boxes, intervals, and fuzzy numbers. The objective of this paper is to present the theory for, and a case study as an application of, the fuzzy-probabilistic approach, combining probability and possibility theory for simulating soil water balance and assessing associated uncertainty in the components of a simple water-balance equation. The application of this approach is demonstrated using calculations with the RAMAS Risk Calc code, to assess the propagation of uncertainty in calculating potential evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration, and infiltration-in a case study at the Hanford site, Washington, USA. Propagation of uncertainty into the results of water-balance calculations was evaluated by changing the types of models of uncertainty incorporated into various input parameters. The results of these fuzzy-probabilistic calculations are compared to the conventional Monte Carlo simulation approach and estimates from field observations at the Hanford site. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Faybishenko, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bafaybishenko@lbl.gov RI Faybishenko, Boris/G-3363-2015 OI Faybishenko, Boris/0000-0003-0085-8499 FU LBNL; DOE Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative; Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Remediation Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Critical and constructive comments of two anonymous reviewers, Stefan Finsterle of LBNL and Ming Ye of Florida State University are very much appreciated. Scott Ferson of Applied Biomathematics, the developer of the RAMAS Risk Calc code, provided a number of publications related to this software. This work was partially supported by the LBNL Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program, the Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NEAMS) program within the DOE Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative, and the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Remediation Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-3240 J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 24 IS 6 SI SI BP 939 EP 952 DI 10.1007/s00477-010-0379-y PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA 621SX UT WOS:000279605300011 ER PT J AU Chen, Z Maroni, VA Miller, DJ Li, X Rupich, MW Feenstra, R AF Chen, Z. Maroni, V. A. Miller, D. J. Li, X. Rupich, M. W. Feenstra, R. TI Examination of through-thickness/through-time phase evolution during an MOD-type REBCO precursor conversion using Raman microscopy SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METALORGANIC DEPOSITION; YBCO FILMS; MICROSTRUCTURE; RABITS AB Through-thickness/through-time composition analyses were made on REBa(2)Cu(3)O(6+x) (REBCO) films prepared from metal-organic deposited (MOD) precursors on a RABiTS (rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrate) template. YDy(0.5)Ba(2)Cu(3)O(6+x) films were fabricated either by a single precursor coating or by two separate, equivalent precursor coatings with an intermediate decomposition. Specimens were quenched at selected times along a heat treatment profile that simulated conditions used by American Superconductor, then examined by Raman microscopy along mechanically milled slopes through the REBCO films. Upon reaching the reaction temperature T(R), the precursor initially transforms into a (Y, Dy)(2)Cu(2)O(5), CuO, Cu(2)O, and RE-Ba-F-O phase mix, and this is followed shortly by substrate level REBCO formation that propagates upwards through time. Our results indicate that (1) the single layer (SL) and double layer (DL) films (both similar to 1.2 mu m thick) react to completion at about the same rate and arrive at a similar final composition and (2) some residual Ba-Cu-O phases persist near the top of the fully reacted films. The performance of the SL film was moderately better than that of the DL film, seemingly due to better through-thickness REBCO texture as determined using x-ray diffraction. C1 [Chen, Z.; Maroni, V. A.; Miller, D. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Li, X.; Rupich, M. W.] Amer Superconductor Corp, Devens, MA 01434 USA. [Feenstra, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chen, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zchen@anl.gov RI Chen, Zhijun/D-2871-2009 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Advanced Cables and Conductors Argonne National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Advanced Cables and Conductors Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX Research done at the Argonne National Laboratory and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Advanced Cables and Conductors, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 at the Argonne National Laboratory and under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The Raman spectroscopy measurements were made at the Argonne Center for Nanoscale Materials which is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Some of this research was carried out in the Electron Microscopy Center at Argonne, which is also supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 23 IS 8 AR 085006 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/23/8/085006 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 625DH UT WOS:000279873600008 ER PT J AU Somorjai, GA Li, YM AF Somorjai, Gabor A. Li, Yimin TI Selective Nanocatalysis of Organic Transformation by Metals: Concepts, Model Systems, and Instruments SO TOPICS IN CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Catalytic selectivity; Colloid nanoparticles; Oxide metal interfaces ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; PT(111) SINGLE-CRYSTAL; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; PYRROLE HYDROGENATION; CO OXIDATION; PLATINUM NANOCRYSTALS; RECOVERABLE CATALYSTS; STRUCTURE SENSITIVITY AB Monodispersed transition metal (Pt, Rh, Pd) nanoparticles (NP) in the 0.8-15 nm range have been synthesized and are being used to probe catalytic selectivity in multipath organic transformation reactions. For NP systems, the turnover rates and product distributions depend on their size, shape, oxidation states, and their composition in case of bimetallic NP systems. Dendrimer-supported platinum and rhodium NPs of less than 2 nm diameter usually have high oxidation states and can be utilized for catalytic cyclization and hydroformylation reactions which previously were produced only by homogeneous catalysis. Transition metal nanoparticles in metal core (Pt, Co)--inorganic shell (SiO(2)) structure exhibit exceptional thermal stability and are well-suited to perform catalytic reactions at high temperatures (> 400 A degrees C). Instruments developed in our laboratory permit the atomic and molecular level study of NPs under reaction conditions (SFG, ambient pressure XPS and high pressure STM). These studies indicate continuous restructuring of the metal substrate and the adsorbate molecules, changes of oxidation states with NP size and surface composition variations of bimetallic NPs with changes of reactant molecules. The facile rearrangement of NP catalysts required for catalytic turnover makes nanoparticle systems (heterogeneous, homogeneous and enzyme) excellent catalysts and provides opportunities to develop hybrid heterogeneous-homogeneous, heterogeneous-enzyme and homogeneous-enzyme catalyst systems. C1 [Somorjai, Gabor A.; Li, Yimin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Somorjai, Gabor A.; Li, Yimin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Somorjai@berkeley.edu RI Li, Yimin/F-5817-2012; Li, Yimin/F-5821-2012 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-A02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-A02-05CH11231. NR 68 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 49 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1022-5528 J9 TOP CATAL JI Top. Catal. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 53 IS 13-14 BP 832 EP 847 DI 10.1007/s11244-010-9511-y PG 16 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 614VT UT WOS:000279088600002 ER PT J AU de Jonge, N Poirier-Demers, N Demers, H Peckys, DB Drouin, D AF de Jonge, Niels Poirier-Demers, Nicolas Demers, Hendrix Peckys, Diana B. Drouin, Dominique TI Nanometer-resolution electron microscopy through micrometers-thick water layers SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Scanning transmission electron microscopy; Gold nanoparticle; Water; Spatial resolution; Electron probe broadening; Elastic scattering; Monte Carlo simulation; Eukaryotic cell; Solid:liquid interface ID SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; SPECIMENS; MOLECULES; CELLS; TOMOGRAPHY; SCATTERING; GROWTH; STEM AB Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) was used to image gold nanoparticles on top of and below saline water layers of several micrometers thickness. The smallest gold nanoparticles studied had diameters of 1.4 nm and were visible for a liquid thickness of up to 3.3 mu m. The imaging of gold nanoparticles below several micrometers of liquid was limited by broadening of the electron probe caused by scattering of the electron beam in the liquid. The experimental data corresponded to analytical models of the resolution and of the electron probe broadening as function of the liquid thickness. The results were also compared with Monte Carlo simulations of the STEM imaging on modeled specimens of similar geometry and composition as used for the experiments. Applications of STEM imaging in liquid can be found in cell biology, e.g., to study tagged proteins in whole eukaryotic cells in liquid and in materials science to study the interaction of solid:liquid interfaces at the nanoscale. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [de Jonge, Niels] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [de Jonge, Niels; Peckys, Diana B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Poirier-Demers, Nicolas; Demers, Hendrix; Drouin, Dominique] Univ Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Peckys, Diana B.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP de Jonge, N (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM niels.de.jonge@vanderbilt.edu RI Demers, Hendrix/E-9352-2011; de Jonge, Niels/B-5677-2008; Peckys, Diana/B-4642-2015 FU Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; NIH [R01-GM081801] FX The authors thank J. Bentley, D.C. Joy, T.E. McKnight, P. Mazur, D.W. Piston, Protochips Inc. (NC), and Hummingbird Scientific (WA). Research conducted at the Shared Research Equipment user facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory sponsored by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy. Research supported by Vanderbilt University Medical Center (for NJ), and by NIH grant R01-GM081801 (to NJ, NPD, and HD). NR 28 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD AUG PY 2010 VL 110 IS 9 BP 1114 EP 1119 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2010.04.001 PG 6 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 645PM UT WOS:000281475700002 PM 20542380 ER PT J AU Newman, BD Breshears, DD Gard, MO AF Newman, Brent D. Breshears, David D. Gard, Marvin O. TI Evapotranspiration Partitioning in a Semiarid Woodland: Ecohydrologic Heterogeneity and Connectivity of Vegetation Patches SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLAND; CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; UNSATURATED ZONE; WATER-MOVEMENT; SOIL-MOISTURE; DRY SOILS; GRASSLAND/FOREST CONTINUUM; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; SUMMER PRECIPITATION; SPATIAL-PATTERN AB Partitioning evapotranspiration into its evaporation and transpiration components is critical for understanding ecohydrologic processes in drylands. Existing partitioning estimates, however, have not adequately accounted for the heterogeneity associated with woody plant canopy patches and intercanopy patches so characteristic of dryland ecosystems. We measured water contents, stable isotopes (delta(2)H and delta(18)O), Cl(-), and NO(3)(-) from core samples collected during an intense drought in canopy and intercanopy patches in a semiarid, pinon-juniper [Pinus edulis Engelm.-Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.] woodland in northern New Mexico to assess patch-scale heterogeneity and evapotranspiration partitioning. Soil zone residencetimes based on Cl(-) ranged from 6 to 37 yr, highlighting the long time scale of percolation in these woodlands. The average NO(3)(-) concentration was nearly seventimes lower in canopy patches, indicating substantial biogeochemical heterogeneity. Average delta(2)H values from shallow soil (<0.1 m) were 11 to 17% lower in canopy patches, suggesting lower soil evaporation losses compared with intercanopy patches; however, significantly larger Cl(-) inventories in canopy patches indicate up to four to sixtimes more total evapotranspiration. Taken together, lower evaporation and greater evapotranspiration suggest that canopy patches have substantially larger transpiration rates and lower evaporation/transpiration ratios than intercanopy patches. Our results support a basic but untested conceptual model of patch connectivity where woody plants utilize substantial amounts of intercanopy water that has been redistributed from intercanopy to canopy patches via hydraulic gradients created by root uptake-a finding not generally modeled but potentially relevant to globally extensive patchy-structured drylands. C1 [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Dep Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Newman, Brent D.; Gard, Marvin O.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Newman, BD (reprint author), IAEA, Isotope Hydrol Sect, POB 100,Wagrammer Str 5, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. EM b.newman@iaea.org FU Los Alamos National Laboratory; NSF [NSF EAR-0724958]; DOE NICCR (Western Region) [DE-FCO2-O6ER64159]; Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station FX We thank Andy Campbell, Dale Counce, Sean French, Mel Garcia, Emily Kluk, Andi Kron, Darin J. Law, J. Leo Martinez, Johnny Salazar, and Tracy Schofield for their work and contributions. We also thank Associate Editor Ron Ryel and two anonymous reviewers for their comments. This research was supported by the Material Disposal Area G Performance Assessment at Los Alamos National Laboratory. DDB was supported by the NSF Critical Zone Observatory (NSF EAR-0724958), DOE NICCR (Western Region; DE-FCO2-O6ER64159), and Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 66 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 6 U2 53 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 9 IS 3 BP 561 EP 572 DI 10.2136/vzj2009.0035 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 678FE UT WOS:000284058700006 ER PT J AU Wang, L Wu, JQ Hull, LC Schafer, AL AF Wang, Li Wu, Joan Q. Hull, Laurence C. Schafer, Annette L. TI Modeling Reactive Transport of Strontium-90 in a Heterogeneous, Variably Saturated Subsurface SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STRONTIUM DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS; VADOSE ZONE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SURFICIAL SEDIMENT; IDAHO; ADSORPTION; SITE; FLOW AB Sodium-bearing waste (SBW) containing high concentration of Sr-90 was accidentally released to the vadose zone at the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, in 1972. To investigate the transport and fate of the 90Sr through this 137-m-thick, heterogeneous, variably saturated subsurface, we conducted a two-dimensional numerical modeling using TOUGHREACT under different assumed scenarios (low permeability of an entire interbed or just its surface) for the formation of perched water whose presence reflects the unique characteristics of the geologic materials and stratification at the study site. The results showed that different mechanisms could lead to different flow geometries. The assumption of low permeability for the entire interbed led to the largest saturated zone area and the longest water traveltime (55 vs. 43 or 44 yr in other scenarios) from the SBW leakage to the ground-water table. Simulated water traveltime from different locations on the land surface to the groundwater aquifer varied from <30 to >80 yr. The results also indicated that different mechanisms may lead to differences in the peak and traveltime of a small mobile fraction of Sr. The effective distribution coefficient and retardation factor for Sr2+ would change more than an order of magnitude for the same material during the 200-yr simulation period because of large changes in the concentrations of Sr2+ and competing ions. Understanding the migration rate of the mobile Sr2+ is necessary for designing long-term monitoring programs to detect it. C1 [Wang, Li; Wu, Joan Q.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Multiphase Environm Res, Dep Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hull, Laurence C.; Schafer, Annette L.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Wang, L (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Ctr Multiphase Environm Res, Dep Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM liwang@wsu.edu FU Inland Northwest Research Alliance; Washington State University FX This research was partially funded by the Inland Northwest Research Alliance and Washington State University. We thank Dr. Karsten Pruess, Dr. Tianfu Xu, and Dr. Jerry Fairley for their valuable comments and suggestions on using TOUGHREACT, Dr. Markus Flury for the clarifications of several key issues on vadose zone water flow and solute transport, Dr. Hanxue Qiu and Mr. Limin Yang for their helpful discussions during this study, and Mr. Roger Nelson for his technical support in scientific computing. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 9 IS 3 BP 670 EP 685 DI 10.2136/vzj2009.0096 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 678FE UT WOS:000284058700016 ER PT J AU Zhong, LR Szecsody, JE Zhang, F Mattigod, SV AF Zhong, Lirong Szecsody, Jim E. Zhang, Fred Mattigod, Shas V. TI Foam Delivery of Amendments for Vadose Zone Remediation: Propagation Performance in Unsaturated Sediments SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED OIL-RECOVERY; POROUS-MEDIA; SURFACTANT FOAM; CONTAMINATED SOIL; FLOW; MICROMODEL; PRESSURE; MOBILITY; SWEEP; SIZE AB Foam delivery of remedial amendments is potentially useful for vadose zone remediation because aqueous amendments are delivered while a low water content is maintained in the treated zones. The transport behavior of foam in the vadose zone has not been well studied. Benchtop-scale column tests were conducted to investigate foam transport, foaming gas and liquid propagation, pressure buildup and distribution, the influence of foam quality and sediment permeability on foam injection pressure, and liquid uptake and distribution during foam flow in unsaturated sediments. Results indicated that under unsaturated conditions, the foaming gas front traveled much faster than the foam front where bubble rupture was significant. A liquid front was formed ahead of the foam flow front. The accumulated liquid in this front was mainly composed of the water injected with the foam. The foam injection pressure was primarily attributed to the resistance to foam flow by the sediment but not to the movement of the water ahead of the foam front. The foam had a high effective viscosity compared with water. A near-linear pressure distribution within the foam-occupied column section was observed. At a fixed injection rate, higher foam quality resulted in lower injection pressure. Higher permeability sediments did not necessarily have a lower foam injection pressure because other factors, such as the foam injection rate, foam bubble diameter, and sediment pore size, also influenced the pressure. In the foam flushed region, the liquid uptake and water content distribution in the sediment was negligibly affected by the initial water content and the foam injection rate within the ranges tested in this study. The implications of these findings to field remediation application were considered. C1 [Zhong, Lirong; Szecsody, Jim E.; Zhang, Fred; Mattigod, Shas V.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Zhong, LR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM lirong.zhong@pnl.gov OI Zhang, Fred/0000-0001-8676-6426 FU USDOE's Environment Management (EM); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Laboratory FX Support for this research was provided by the USDOE's Environment Management (EM) EM-32 program and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Laboratory-Directed Research and Development program. Support for this research from Dr. D.M. Wellman and Dr. E.M. Pierce at PNNL is highly appreciated. The PNNL is operated by Battelle for the USDOE. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 9 IS 3 BP 757 EP 767 DI 10.2136/vzj2010.0007 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 678FE UT WOS:000284058700023 ER PT J AU Badireddy, AR Chellam, S Gassman, PL Engelhard, MH Lea, AS Rosso, KM AF Badireddy, Appala R. Chellam, Shankararaman Gassman, Paul L. Engelhard, Mark H. Lea, Alan S. Rosso, Kevin M. TI Role of extracellular polymeric substances in bioflocculation of activated sludge microorganisms under glucose-controlled conditions SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Extracellular polymeric substances; Wastewater treatment; Activated sludge; Biofilms ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; BACTERIAL ADHESION; FTIR-SPECTROSCOPY; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SURFACE; EXOPOLYMERS; FLOCS AB Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secreted by suspended cultures of microorganisms from an activated sludge plant in the presence of glucose were characterized in detail using colorimetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. EPS produced by the multi-species community were similar to literature reports of pure cultures in terms of functionalities with respect to C and O but differed subtly in terms of N and P. Hence, it appears that EPS produced by different microorganisms maybe homologous in major chemical constituents but may differ in minor components such as lipids and phosphodiesters. The role of specific EPS constituents on microbial aggregation was also determined. The weak tendency of microorganisms to bioflocculate during the exponential growth phase was attributed to electrostatic repulsion when EPS concentration was low and acidic in nature (higher fraction of uronic acids to total EPS) as well as reduced polymer bridging. However, during the stationary phase, polymeric interactions overwhelmed electrostatic interactions (lower fraction of uronic acids to total EPS) resulting in improved bioflocculation. More specifically, microorganisms appeared to aggregate in the presence of protein secondary structures including aggregated strands, beta-sheets, alpha- and 3-turn helical structures. Bioflocculation was also favored by increasing O-acetylated carbohydrates and overall (C) under bar-(O,N) and O=(C) under bar -OH + O=(C) under bar -OR functionalities. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Badireddy, Appala R.; Chellam, Shankararaman] Univ Houston, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Chellam, Shankararaman] Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Gassman, Paul L.; Engelhard, Mark H.; Lea, Alan S.; Rosso, Kevin M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chellam, S (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM chellam@uh.edu RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; OI Lea, Alan/0000-0002-4232-1553; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0134301]; Texas Hazardous Waste Research Center; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX We appreciate the assistance of Mr. Gurdip Hyare, Managing Engineer of the City of Houston's Wastewater Operations Branch during activated sludge sampling. This research has been funded by grants from the National Science Foundation CAREER Program (CBET-0134301) and the Texas Hazardous Waste Research Center. A portion of the research was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The contents do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the sponsors nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 53 TC 77 Z9 85 U1 13 U2 88 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 44 IS 15 BP 4505 EP 4516 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2010.06.024 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 642AX UT WOS:000281176200019 PM 20619438 ER PT J AU Rest, J AF Rest, J. TI An analytical study of gas-bubble nucleation mechanisms in uranium-alloy nuclear fuel at high temperature SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FISSION-GAS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; RE-SOLUTION; IRRADIATION; GROWTH; ATOMS; UO2 AB A multi-atom gas-bubble nucleation mechanism in uranium-alloy nuclear fuel operating in the high-temperature equilibrium gamma phase is proposed based on interpretation of measured intragranular bubble-size distribution data This model is contrasted with the conventional two-atom nucleation mechanism within the context of a mechanistic calculation of the fission-gas bubble-size distribution The results of the analysis enable the calculation of safety margins for unrestrained fuel swelling These safety margins contain an uncertainty primarily tied to uncertainties in the values of the volume and Xe diffusion coefficients (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rest, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU US Department of Energy, Office of Global Threat Reduction, National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) [DE-AC-02-06CH11357] FX Work supported by US Department of Energy, Office of Global Threat Reduction, National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), under Contract DE-AC-02-06CH11357 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUL 31 PY 2010 VL 402 IS 2-3 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.05.022 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 633UP UT WOS:000280532500013 ER PT J AU Colvin, J Monine, MI Gutenkunst, RN Hlavacek, WS Von Hoff, DD Posner, RG AF Colvin, Joshua Monine, Michael I. Gutenkunst, Ryan N. Hlavacek, William S. Von Hoff, Daniel D. Posner, Richard G. TI RuleMonkey: software for stochastic simulation of rule-based models SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID FC-EPSILON-RI; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; COMBINATORIAL COMPLEXITY; BIOCHEMICAL NETWORKS; EARLY EVENTS; SYSTEMS; REDUCTION; PROTEINS; PATHWAY; SPACE AB Background: The system-level dynamics of many molecular interactions, particularly protein-protein interactions, can be conveniently represented using reaction rules, which can be specified using model-specification languages, such as the BioNetGen language (BNGL). A set of rules implicitly defines a (bio)chemical reaction network. The reaction network implied by a set of rules is often very large, and as a result, generation of the network implied by rules tends to be computationally expensive. Moreover, the cost of many commonly used methods for simulating network dynamics is a function of network size. Together these factors have limited application of the rule-based modeling approach. Recently, several methods for simulating rule-based models have been developed that avoid the expensive step of network generation. The cost of these "network-free" simulation methods is independent of the number of reactions implied by rules. Software implementing such methods is now needed for the simulation and analysis of rule-based models of biochemical systems. Results: Here, we present a software tool called RuleMonkey, which implements a network-free method for simulation of rule-based models that is similar to Gillespie's method. The method is suitable for rule-based models that can be encoded in BNGL, including models with rules that have global application conditions, such as rules for intramolecular association reactions. In addition, the method is rejection free, unlike other network-free methods that introduce null events, i.e., steps in the simulation procedure that do not change the state of the reaction system being simulated. We verify that RuleMonkey produces correct simulation results, and we compare its performance against DYNSTOC, another BNGL-compliant tool for network-free simulation of rule-based models. We also compare RuleMonkey against problem-specific codes implementing network-free simulation methods. Conclusions: RuleMonkey enables the simulation of rule-based models for which the underlying reaction networks are large. It is typically faster than DYNSTOC for benchmark problems that we have examined. RuleMonkey is freely available as a stand-alone application http://public.tgen.org/rulemonkey. It is also available as a simulation engine within GetBonNie, a web-based environment for building, analyzing and sharing rule-based models. C1 [Colvin, Joshua; Von Hoff, Daniel D.; Posner, Richard G.] Translat Genom Res Inst, Clin Translat Res Div, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA. [Monine, Michael I.; Gutenkunst, Ryan N.; Hlavacek, William S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Monine, Michael I.; Gutenkunst, Ryan N.; Hlavacek, William S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hlavacek, William S.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Posner, Richard G.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Posner, RG (reprint author), Translat Genom Res Inst, Clin Translat Res Div, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA. EM rposner@tgen.org OI Hlavacek, William/0000-0003-4383-8711 FU National Institutes of Health [AI35997, CA109552, NS042262, GM076570]; Arizona Biomedical Research Commission; DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We thank J. Yang for helpful discussions and B. Hu for integrating RuleMonkey into GetBonNie. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants AI35997, CA109552, NS042262, GM076570; DOE contract DE-AC52-06NA25396; and the Arizona Biomedical Research Commission. NR 52 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD JUL 30 PY 2010 VL 11 AR 404 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-11-404 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 645HG UT WOS:000281442500001 PM 20673321 ER PT J AU Susac, A Ilmoniemi, RJ Pihko, E Ranken, D Supek, S AF Susac, Ana Ilmoniemi, Risto J. Pihko, Elina Ranken, Doug Supek, Selma TI Early cortical responses are sensitive to changes in face stimuli SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Magnetoencephalography (MEG); Spatiotemporal source localization; Face recognition; Oddball paradigm; M100 ID EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; VISUAL ODDBALL TASK; OCCIPITOTEMPORAL CORTEX; EXTRASTRIATE CORTEX; SOURCE LOCALIZATION; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; TEMPORAL DYNAMICS; CHANGE-BLINDNESS; BRAIN RESPONSES; INVERTED FACES AB Face-related processing has been demonstrated already in the early evoked response around 100 ms after stimulus The aims of this study were to explore these early responses both at sensor and cortical source level and to explore to what extent they might be modulated by a change in face stimulus Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings, a visual oddball paradigm, and a semiautomated spatiotemporal source localization method were used to investigate cortical responses to changes in face stimuli Upright and inverted faces were presented in an oddball paradigm with four conditions; standards and deviants differing in emotion or identity The task in all conditions was silent counting of the target face with glasses Deviant face stimuli elicited larger MEG responses at about 100 ms than standard ones did but only for upright faces Spatiotemporal source localization up to 140 ms after stimulus revealed activation of parietal and temporal sources in addition to occipital ones, all of which demonstrated differences in locations and dynamics for standards, deviants, and targets Peak latencies of the identified cortical sources were shorter for deviants than standards, again only for upright faces Our results showed differences in cortical responses to standards and deviants that were more pronounced for upright than for inverted faces, suggesting early detection of face-related changes in visual stimulation The observed effect provides new evidence for the face sensitivity of the early neuromagnetic response around 100 ms (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Susac, Ana; Supek, Selma] Univ Zagreb, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. [Ilmoniemi, Risto J.] Aalto Univ, Dept Biomed Engn & Computat Sci, Espoo, Finland. [Ilmoniemi, Risto J.; Pihko, Elina] Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Uusimaa HUSLAB, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Ilmoniemi, Risto J.; Pihko, Elina] Univ Helsinki, Hosp Dist Helsinki, BioMag Lab, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Pihko, Elina] Aalto Univ, Low Temp Lab, Brain Res Unit, Espoo, Finland. [Ranken, Doug] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Susac, A (reprint author), Univ Zagreb, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Bijenicka 32, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. RI Ilmoniemi, Risto/E-9704-2012; Ranken, Douglas/J-4305-2012; Pihko, Elina/J-6026-2012 OI Ilmoniemi, Risto/0000-0002-3340-2618; FU Croatian Ministry of Science, Education, and Sport [199-1081870-1252]; National Foundation for Science, Higher Education and Technological Development of the Republic of Croatia; Centre for International Mobility, Finland FX This work was supported by the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education, and Sport (grant 199-1081870-1252), National Foundation for Science, Higher Education and Technological Development of the Republic of Croatia; and the Centre for International Mobility, Finland. We thank Jussi Nurminen for his technical assistance NR 53 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD JUL 30 PY 2010 VL 1346 BP 155 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.05.049 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 636PB UT WOS:000280749200015 PM 20510886 ER PT J AU Adhikari, S Ai, JH Hebert, KR Ho, KM Wang, CZ AF Adhikari, Saikat Ai, Jiahe Hebert, Kurt R. Ho, K. M. Wang, C. Z. TI Hydrogen in aluminum during alkaline corrosion SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen absorption; Aluminum; Corrosion; Hydrogen chemical potential; Hydrogen diffusion ID PALLADIUM; PERMEATION; DIFFUSION; HYDRIDE; METALS; SYSTEM; ADSORPTION; ELECTRODE; PH AB The thermodynamic state of hydrogen in aluminum during alkaline corrosion was investigated, using a two-compartment hydrogen permeation cell with an Al/Pd bilayer membrane. The open-circuit potential of the Pd layer in a pH 7.0 buffer solution was monitored to sense the hydrogen chemical potential, pH. At pH 12.5-13.5, the measurements established a minimum pH of 0.55 eV relative to the ideal gas reference, equivalent to a H(2) gas pressure of 5.7 GPa. Statistical mechanics calculations show that vacancy-hydrogen defects are stable in Al at this condition. A dissolution mechanism was proposed in which H at very high pH is produced by oxidation of interfacial aluminum hydride. The mechanism explains the observed rapid accumulation of H in the metal by extensive formation of vacancy-hydrogen defects. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Adhikari, Saikat; Ai, Jiahe; Hebert, Kurt R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ho, K. M.; Wang, C. Z.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ho, K. M.; Wang, C. Z.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hebert, KR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM krhebert@iastate.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0605957] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through grant DMR-0605957. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD JUL 30 PY 2010 VL 55 IS 19 BP 5326 EP 5331 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.04.076 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 627DG UT WOS:000280018800007 ER PT J AU Brain, DA Baker, AH Briggs, J Eastwood, JP Halekas, JS Phan, TD AF Brain, D. A. Baker, A. H. Briggs, J. Eastwood, J. P. Halekas, J. S. Phan, T. -D. TI Episodic detachment of Martian crustal magnetic fields leading to bulk atmospheric plasma escape SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND; FLUX ROPES; MARS; VENUS; RECONNECTION; IONOSPHERE; CLOUDS AB We present an analysis of magnetic field and supra-thermal electron measurements from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft that reveals isolated magnetic structures filled with Martian atmospheric plasma located downstream from strong crustal magnetic fields with respect to the flowing solar wind. The structures are characterized by magnetic field enhancements and rotations characteristic of magnetic flux ropes, and characteristic ionospheric electron energy distributions with angular distributions distinct from surrounding regions. These observations indicate that significant amounts of atmosphere are intermittently being carried away from Mars by a bulk removal process: the top portions of crustal field loops are stretched through interaction with the solar wind and detach via magnetic reconnection. This process occurs frequently and may account for as much as 10% of the total present-day ion escape from Mars. Citation: Brain, D. A., A. H. Baker, J. Briggs, J. P. Eastwood, J. S. Halekas, and T.-D. Phan (2010), Episodic detachment of Martian crustal magnetic fields leading to bulk atmospheric plasma escape, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L14108, doi:10.1029/2010GL043916. C1 [Brain, D. A.; Briggs, J.; Halekas, J. S.; Phan, T. -D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Baker, A. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Eastwood, J. P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. RP Brain, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM brain@ssl.berkeley.edu; abaker@llnl.gov; jbriggs@ssl.berkeley.edu; jonathan.eastwood@imperial.ac.uk; jazzman@ssl.berkeley.edu; phan@ssl.berkeley.edu OI Halekas, Jasper/0000-0001-5258-6128 FU NASA [NNX08AK95G]; U.S. Department of Energy [AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-JRNL-413528)]; STFC FX D.B., J.E, and J.H. were supported by NASA grant NNX08AK95G. The work of A. B. was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-JRNL-413528). J.E. is supported by an STFC Advanced Fellowship at ICL. NR 19 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 30 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L14108 DI 10.1029/2010GL043916 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 634MC UT WOS:000280585100006 ER PT J AU Nemeth, K Challacombe, M Van Veenendaal, M AF Nemeth, Karoly Challacombe, Matt Van Veenendaal, Michel TI The Choice of Internal Coordinates in Complex Chemical Systems SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE geometry optimization; curvilinear internal coordinates ID GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION; MOLECULAR GEOMETRIES; EQUILIBRIUM GEOMETRIES; ITERATIVE SUBSPACE; DIRECT INVERSION; FORCE-CONSTANTS; DYNAMICS; ALGORITHM AB This article presents several considerations for the appropriate choice of internal coordinates in various complex chemical systems. The appropriate and black box recognition of internal coordinates is of fundamental importance for the extension of internal coordinate algorithms to all fields where previously Cartesian coordinates were the preferred means of geometry manipulations. Such fields range from local and global geometry optimizations to molecular dynamics as applied to a wide variety of chemical systems. We present a robust algorithm that is capable to quickly determine the appropriate choice of internal coordinates in a wide range of atomic arrangements. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 51: 2078-2086, 2010 C1 [Nemeth, Karoly; Van Veenendaal, Michel] No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Nemeth, Karoly; Van Veenendaal, Michel] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Challacombe, Matt] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nemeth, K (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM nemeth@anl.gov RI Nemeth, Karoly/L-7806-2014 OI Nemeth, Karoly/0000-0001-8366-1397 NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD JUL 30 PY 2010 VL 31 IS 10 BP 2078 EP 2086 DI 10.1002/jcc.21494 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 620QF UT WOS:000279513700014 PM 20087903 ER PT J AU Briggs, MS Fishman, GJ Connaughton, V Bhat, PN Paciesas, WS Preece, RD Wilson-Hodge, C Chaplin, VL Kippen, RM von Kienlin, A Meegan, CA Bissaldi, E Dwyer, JR Smith, DM Holzworth, RH Grove, JE Chekhtman, A AF Briggs, M. S. Fishman, G. J. Connaughton, V. Bhat, P. N. Paciesas, W. S. Preece, R. D. Wilson-Hodge, C. Chaplin, V. L. Kippen, R. M. von Kienlin, A. Meegan, C. A. Bissaldi, E. Dwyer, J. R. Smith, D. M. Holzworth, R. H. Grove, J. E. Chekhtman, A. TI First results on terrestrial gamma ray flashes from the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BREAKDOWN; SPACE; SPRITES; AIR AB The Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope detected 12 intense terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) during its first year of observation. Typical maximum energies for most of the TGFs are similar to 30 MeV, with one TGF having a 38 MeV photon; two of the TGFs are softer and longer than the others. After correcting for instrumental effects, a representative bright TGF is found to have a fluence of similar to 0.7 photons cm (2). Pulses are either symmetrical or have faster risetimes than fall times; they are well fit with Gaussian or lognormal functions. The fastest risetime observed was 7 mu s, constraining the source radius to be less than about 2 km from the velocity of light. TGFs with multiple pulses separated in time have been known since their discovery; the GBM sample also includes clear cases of partially overlapping pulses. Four TGFs are associated with lightning locations from the World Wide Lightning Location Network. With the several mu s absolute time accuracy of GBM, the time order can be confidently identified: one TGF occurred before the lightning, two were simultaneous, and one TGF occurred after the lightning. C1 [Briggs, M. S.; Connaughton, V.; Bhat, P. N.; Paciesas, W. S.; Preece, R. D.; Chaplin, V. L.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Fishman, G. J.; Wilson-Hodge, C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Sci Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Paciesas, W. S.; Preece, R. D.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [von Kienlin, A.; Bissaldi, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Meegan, C. A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Dwyer, J. R.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Smith, D. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Holzworth, R. H.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kippen, R. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Grove, J. E.; Chekhtman, A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chekhtman, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Briggs, MS (reprint author), Univ Alabama, CSPAR, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM michael.briggs@nasa.gov; jerry.fishman@nasa.gov; mkippen@lanl.gov; azk@mpe.mpg.de; jdwyer@fit.edu; dsmith@scipp.ucsc.edu; bobholz@ess.washington.edu; eric.grove@nrl.navy.mil RI Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; OI Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335 FU NASA, United States; DRL, Germany; NSF [ATM 0607885] FX The Fermi GBM Collaboration acknowledges the support of NASA in the United States and DRL in Germany. This work was supported in part by NSF grant ATM 0607885. The authors wish to thank the World Wide Lightning Location Network, a collaboration among over 40 universities and institutions, for providing the lightning location data used in this paper. NR 39 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 30 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A07323 DI 10.1029/2009JA015242 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 634NQ UT WOS:000280590200004 ER PT J AU Uguz, AK Massoudi, M AF Uguz, A. Kerem Massoudi, Mehrdad TI Heat transfer and Couette flow of a chemically reacting non-linear fluid SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE non-Newtonian fluids; variable viscosity; viscous dissipation; chemically thinning fluid or chemically thickening fluid; Couette flow ID VISCOUS DISSIPATION; GRANULAR-MATERIALS; GLOBAL STABILITY; 2ND-GRADE FLUID; CONVECTION; RADIATION; VECTOR AB In this paper we study the flow and heat transfer in a chemically reacting non-linear fluid between two long horizontal parallel flat plates that are at different temperatures. The top plate is sheared, whereas the bottom plate is fixed. The fluid is modeled as a generalized power-law fluid whose viscosity is also assumed to be a function of the concentration. The effects of radiation are neglected. The equations are made dimensionless and the boundary value problem is solved numerically; the velocity and temperature profiles are obtained for various dimensionless numbers. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Massoudi, Mehrdad] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Uguz, A. Kerem] Bogazici Univ, Dept Chem Engn, TR-34342 Istanbul, Turkey. RP Massoudi, M (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POb 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM massoudi@netl.doe.gov NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0170-4214 J9 MATH METHOD APPL SCI JI Math. Meth. Appl. Sci. PD JUL 30 PY 2010 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1331 EP 1341 DI 10.1002/mma.1250 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 627MK UT WOS:000280043600006 ER PT J AU Watanabe, H Ogawa, K Lane, GJ Dracoulis, GD Byrne, AP Nieminen, P Kondev, FG Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Lauritsen, T Seweryniak, D Zhu, S Chowdhury, P AF Watanabe, H. Ogawa, K. Lane, G. J. Dracoulis, G. D. Byrne, A. P. Nieminen, P. Kondev, F. G. Carpenter, M. P. Janssens, R. V. F. Lauritsen, T. Seweryniak, D. Zhu, S. Chowdhury, P. TI MULTI-QUASIPARTICLE ISOMERS INVOLVING PROTON-PARTICLE AND NEUTRON-HOLE CONFIGURATIONS IN I-131 AND I-133 SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Forefronts of Researches in Exotic Nuclear Structures CY MAR 01-04, 2010 CL Tokamachi, JAPAN DE High spin; isomer; shell-model AB The nuclei I-131 and I-133 have been populated in multi-nucleon transfer reactions between Xe-136 ions and various targets, and their structure investigated by time-correlated gamma-ray coincidence spectroscopy and the measurement of gamma-ray angular correlations. A 19/2(-) isomer at 1918 keV, with a half-life of 24(1) mu s, has been identified in I-131, as well as nanosecond isomers with J(pi) = 23/2(+) in both isotopes. A T-1/2 = 25(3) ns isomer at 4308 keV in I-131 is suggested to have J(pi) = (31/2(-), 33/2(-)) and is primarily attributed to the coupling of an odd proton in the d(5/2) or g(7/2) orbit with the (pi(2))(0)+(nu h(11/2)(-3)d(3/2)(-1))(15)-configuration in Te-130, responsible for the 15(-) isomer in that nucleus. The observed level properties are compared with predictions of a shell-model calculation. C1 [Watanabe, H.; Ogawa, K.] RIKEN, Nishina Ctr, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Lane, G. J.; Dracoulis, G. D.; Byrne, A. P.; Nieminen, P.] Australian Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Kondev, F. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Carpenter, M. P.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Lauritsen, T.; Seweryniak, D.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chowdhury, P.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Watanabe, H (reprint author), RIKEN, Nishina Ctr, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. RI Lane, Gregory/A-7570-2011; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; OI Lane, Gregory/0000-0003-2244-182X; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Byrne, Aidan/0000-0002-7096-6455 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-7323 J9 MOD PHYS LETT A JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A PD JUL 30 PY 2010 VL 25 IS 21-23 SI SI BP 1800 EP 1803 DI 10.1142/S0217732310000368 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 627OU UT WOS:000280050200016 ER PT J AU Freer, M Ashwood, NI Curtis, N Malcolm, J Munoz-Britton, T Wheldon, C Ziman, VA Carter, J Fujita, H Usman, I Buthelezi, Z Fortsch, SV Neveling, R Perez, SM Smit, FD Fearick, RW Papka, P Swartz, JA Brown, S Catford, WN Wilson, G Bardayan, D Pain, SD Chipps, K Grzywacz-Jones, K Soic, N Achouri, NL AF Freer, M. Ashwood, N. I. Curtis, N. Malcolm, J. Munoz-Britton, T. Wheldon, C. Ziman, V. A. Carter, J. Fujita, H. Usman, I. Buthelezi, Z. Foertsch, S. V. Neveling, R. Perez, S. M. Smit, F. D. Fearick, R. W. Papka, P. Swartz, J. A. Brown, S. Catford, W. N. Wilson, G. Bardayan, D. Pain, S. D. Chipps, K. Grzywacz-Jones, K. Soic, N. Achouri, N. L. TI CLUSTER STATES IN C-12 AND C-14 SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Forefronts of Researches in Exotic Nuclear Structures CY MAR 01-04, 2010 CL Tokamachi, JAPAN DE Structure of C-12 and C-14; cluster states ID ELECTRON SCATTERING; ALPHA; MODEL; O-16 AB The cluster structure of C-12 is explored and recent measurements of proton inelastic scattering, suggesting a 2(+) state close to 9.6 MeV are presented. Resonant scattering studies of Be-10+He-4 used to populate resonances in C-14 are briefly discussed. C1 [Freer, M.; Ashwood, N. I.; Curtis, N.; Malcolm, J.; Munoz-Britton, T.; Wheldon, C.; Ziman, V. A.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Carter, J.; Fujita, H.; Usman, I.] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Buthelezi, Z.; Foertsch, S. V.; Neveling, R.; Perez, S. M.; Smit, F. D.] iThemba LABS, ZA-7129 Somerset W, South Africa. [Fearick, R. W.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Phys, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Papka, P.; Swartz, J. A.] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Phys, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Brown, S.; Catford, W. N.; Wilson, G.] Univ Surrey, Sch Elect & Phys Sci, Surrey GU2 7XH, England. [Bardayan, D.; Pain, S. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chipps, K.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Grzywacz-Jones, K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Soic, N.] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. [Achouri, N. L.] CNRS, IN2P3, ENSICAEN, LPC, F-14050 Caen, France. [Achouri, N. L.] Univ Caen, F-14050 Caen, France. RP Freer, M (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RI Jones, Katherine/B-8487-2011; Pain, Steven/E-1188-2011; Soic, Neven/J-3911-2012; Wheldon, Carl/F-9203-2013; Freer, Martin/F-9379-2013; OI Jones, Katherine/0000-0001-7335-1379; Pain, Steven/0000-0003-3081-688X; Chipps, Kelly/0000-0003-3050-1298 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-7323 J9 MOD PHYS LETT A JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A PD JUL 30 PY 2010 VL 25 IS 21-23 SI SI BP 1833 EP 1837 DI 10.1142/S0217732310000435 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 627OU UT WOS:000280050200023 ER PT J AU Bentley, MA Paterson, I Brown, JR Taylor, MJ Diget, CA Adrich, P Bazin, D Cook, JM Gade, A Glasmacher, T McDaniel, S Ratkiewicz, A Siwek, K Weisshaar, D Pritychencko, B Lenzi, SM AF Bentley, M. A. Paterson, I. Brown, J. R. Taylor, M. J. Diget, C. Aa. Adrich, P. Bazin, D. Cook, J. M. Gade, A. Glasmacher, T. McDaniel, S. Ratkiewicz, A. Siwek, K. Weisshaar, D. Pritychencko, B. Lenzi, S. M. TI ISOBARIC ANALOGUE STATES STUDIED IN MIRRORED FRAGMENTATION AND KNOCKOUT REACTIONS SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Forefronts of Researches in Exotic Nuclear Structures CY MAR 01-04, 2010 CL Tokamachi, JAPAN DE Isospin symmetry; shell model; gamma-ray spectroscopy ID SYMMETRY; SHELL AB A Gamma-ray spectroscopic study of excited states of isobaric multiplets has been performed in recent years, with a view to gaining a quantitative understanding of energy differences between excited states in terms of a range of Coulomb and other isospin breaking phenomena. Recently, the experimental programme has been augmented by a study of isobaric analogue states of mirror nuclei populated in mirrored fragmentation reactions. In this presentation, recent results on the T=3/2 analogue states in the T(z) = +/- 3/2 mirror pair (53)Ni/(53)Mn will be summarised. In this work, further strong evidence is found for the need to include an anomalous isospin-breaking two-body matrix element for angular-momentum couplings of J=2, in addition the expected Coulomb contribution, in order to account for the experimental data. C1 [Bentley, M. A.; Paterson, I.; Brown, J. R.; Taylor, M. J.; Diget, C. Aa.] Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Adrich, P.; Bazin, D.; Cook, J. M.; Gade, A.; Glasmacher, T.; McDaniel, S.; Ratkiewicz, A.; Siwek, K.; Weisshaar, D.] Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Pritychencko, B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Lenzi, S. M.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. [Lenzi, S. M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. RP Bentley, MA (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. EM mab503@york.ac.uk RI Lenzi, Silvia/I-6750-2012; Glasmacher, Thomas/H-9673-2014; Taylor, Michael/N-1725-2015; Diget, Christian Aaen/D-8063-2016 OI Glasmacher, Thomas/0000-0001-9436-2448; Taylor, Michael/0000-0002-8718-3684; Diget, Christian Aaen/0000-0002-9778-8759 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-7323 J9 MOD PHYS LETT A JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A PD JUL 30 PY 2010 VL 25 IS 21-23 SI SI BP 1891 EP 1894 DI 10.1142/S0217732310000575 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 627OU UT WOS:000280050200037 ER PT J AU Duguet, T Lesinski, T Hebeler, K Schwenk, A AF Duguet, T. Lesinski, T. Hebeler, K. Schwenk, A. TI LOWEST-ORDER CONTRIBUTIONS OF CHIRAL THREE-NUCLEON INTERACTIONS TO PAIRING PROPERTIES OF NUCLEAR GROUND STATES SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Forefronts of Researches in Exotic Nuclear Structures CY MAR 01-04, 2010 CL Tokamachi, JAPAN AB We perform a systematic study of the odd-even mass staggering generated using a pairing interaction computed at first order in low-momentum interactions. Building on previous work including the (nuclear plus Coulomb) two-nucleon interaction only, we focus here on the first-order contribution from chiral three-nucleon forces. We observe a significant repulsive effect from the three-nucleon interaction. The combined contribution from two-and three-nucleon interactions accounts for approximately 70% of the experimental pairing gaps. This leaves room for higher-order contributions to the pairing kernel and the normal self-energy that need to be computed consistently. C1 [Duguet, T.] CEA, Ctr Saclay, IRFU Serv Phys Nucl, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Duguet, T.] Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Duguet, T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lesinski, T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Lesinski, T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hebeler, K.; Schwenk, A.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Schwenk, A.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch GmbH, ExtreMe Matter Inst EMMI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Schwenk, A.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Duguet, T (reprint author), CEA, Ctr Saclay, IRFU Serv Phys Nucl, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM thomas.duguet@cea.fr; tlesinsk@utk.edu; hebeler@triumf.ca; schwenk@physik.tu-darmstadt.de NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-7323 EI 1793-6632 J9 MOD PHYS LETT A JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A PD JUL 30 PY 2010 VL 25 IS 21-23 SI SI BP 1989 EP 1992 DI 10.1142/S0217732310000812 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 627OU UT WOS:000280050200061 ER PT J AU Taylor, MJ Bentley, MA Brown, J Wadsworth, R Kent, PE Lister, CJ Seweryniak, D Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Zhu, S Lauritsen, T Anderson, LL Johansson, E Garrett, PE AF Taylor, M. J. Bentley, M. A. Brown, J. Wadsworth, R. Kent, P. E. Lister, C. J. Seweryniak, D. Carpenter, M. P. Janssens, R. V. F. Zhu, S. Lauritsen, T. Anderson, L-L Johansson, E. Garrett, P. E. TI FIRST gamma-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND ISOSPIN SYMMETRY STUDY OF THE N = Z-2 NUCLEUS V-44 SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Forefronts of Researches in Exotic Nuclear Structures CY MAR 01-04, 2010 CL Tokamachi, JAPAN DE Isospin symmetry; gamma-ray spectroscopy; mirror nuclei ID STATES AB Excited states in the T-z = -1 nucleus V-44 have been observed for the first time. The states have been identified through recoil-gamma-gamma coincidences and comparison with analogue states in the mirror nucleus Sc-44. Mirror energy differences have been extracted and compared to state-of-the-art fp shell-model calculations which include charge symmetry breaking forces. C1 [Taylor, M. J.; Bentley, M. A.; Brown, J.; Wadsworth, R.; Kent, P. E.] Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Lister, C. J.; Seweryniak, D.; Carpenter, M. P.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Zhu, S.; Lauritsen, T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Anderson, L-L; Johansson, E.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Garrett, P. E.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada. RP Taylor, MJ (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. EM mjt502@york.ac.uk RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; Taylor, Michael/N-1725-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Taylor, Michael/0000-0002-8718-3684 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-7323 J9 MOD PHYS LETT A JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A PD JUL 30 PY 2010 VL 25 IS 21-23 SI SI BP 2028 EP 2029 DI 10.1142/S0217732310000988 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 627OU UT WOS:000280050200078 ER PT J AU Biedermann, LB Tung, RC Raman, A Reifenberger, RG Yazdanpanah, MM Cohn, RW AF Biedermann, Laura B. Tung, Ryan C. Raman, Arvind Reifenberger, Ronald G. Yazdanpanah, Mehdi M. Cohn, Robert W. TI Characterization of silver-gallium nanowires for force and mass sensing applications SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NANOMECHANICAL CANTILEVER ARRAY; SYSTEMS; LIMITS; NOISE AB We investigate the mechanical properties of cantilevered silver-gallium (Ag2Ga) nanowires using laser Doppler vibrometry. From measurements of the resonant frequencies and associated operating deflection shapes, we demonstrate that these Ag2Ga nanowires behave as ideal Euler-Bernoulli beams. Furthermore, radial asymmetries in these nanowires are detected through high resolution measurements of the vibration spectra. These crystalline nanowires possess many ideal characteristics for nanoscale force and mass sensing, including small spring constants (as low as 10(-4) N m(-1)), high frequency bandwidth with resonance frequencies in the 0.02-10 MHz range, small suspended mass (picograms), and relatively high Q-factors (similar to 2-50) under ambient conditions. We evaluate the utility of Ag2Ga nanowires for nanocantilever applications, including ultrasmall mass and high frequency bandwidth piconewton force detection. C1 [Biedermann, Laura B.; Reifenberger, Ronald G.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Biedermann, Laura B.; Tung, Ryan C.; Raman, Arvind; Reifenberger, Ronald G.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Tung, Ryan C.; Raman, Arvind] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Yazdanpanah, Mehdi M.; Cohn, Robert W.] Univ Louisville, Nanotechnol Ctr, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Yazdanpanah, Mehdi M.; Cohn, Robert W.] Univ Louisville, Electroopt Res Inst, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Yazdanpanah, Mehdi M.] NaugaNeedles LLC, Louisville, KY USA. RP Biedermann, LB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM lbieder@sandia.gov FU Kentucky Science and Technology Corporation; NaugaNeedles LLC; Sandia National Laboratories; Kentucky Commercialization Fund FX The authors acknowledge helpful discussions with S Howell during the course of this work. The Kentucky Science and Technology Corporation supported MY and RC through a Kentucky Commercialization Fund grant and NaugaNeedles LLC through an ICC Concept Pool award. LB was supported by a Purdue Excellence in Science and Engineering Fellowship from Sandia National Laboratories. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 18 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JUL 30 PY 2010 VL 21 IS 30 AR 305701 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/21/30/305701 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 622DG UT WOS:000279638900014 PM 20603542 ER PT J AU Zhao, HB Zhang, YY Bradford, PD Zhou, QA Jia, QX Yuan, FG Zhu, YT AF Zhao, Haibo Zhang, Yingying Bradford, Philip D. Zhou, Qian Jia, Quanxi Yuan, Fuh-Gwo Zhu, Yuntian TI Carbon nanotube yarn strain sensors SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIBERS; COMPOSITES AB Carbon nanotube (CNT) based sensors are often fabricated by dispersi