FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Hossain, MA Saeed, MA Fronczek, FR Wong, BM Dey, KR Mendy, JS Gibson, D AF Hossain, Md. Alamgir Saeed, Musabbir A. Fronczek, Frank R. Wong, Bryan M. Dey, Kalpana R. Mendy, John S. Gibson, Don TI Charge-Assisted Encapsulation of Two Chlorides by a Hexaprotonated Azamacrocycle SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; POLYAMMONIUM MACROCYCLES; ANION-BINDING; NONCOVALENT INTERACTIONS; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; COMPLEXES; RECEPTOR; HOST; NUCLEOTIDES; RECOGNITION AB A chloride complex of a hexaprotonated azamacrocycle has been isolated, and its structure has been determined by X-ray crystallography showing two encapsulated chloride anions in the cavity. The two internal guests are coordinated at two binding sites on the opposite side of the macrocycle through trigonal recognition by hydrogen-bonding interactions. The other four chlorides are located outside the cavity, each with a single hydrogen bond from secondary amines. Ab initio calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) suggest that the encapsulation of two chlorides inside the cavity leads to a significant charge transfer from the anions to the protonated amines. C1 [Hossain, Md. Alamgir; Saeed, Musabbir A.; Dey, Kalpana R.; Mendy, John S.; Gibson, Don] Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. [Fronczek, Frank R.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Wong, Bryan M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Chem Mat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hossain, MA (reprint author), Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. EM alamgir@chem.jsums.edu RI Wong, Bryan/B-1663-2009 OI Wong, Bryan/0000-0002-3477-8043 FU National Center for Research Resources [G12RR013459]; National Science Foundation [CHE-0821357]; Louisiana Board of Regents [LEQSF (1999-2000)-ENH-TR-13] FX The project described was supported by Grant No. G12RR013459 from the National Center for Research Resources'. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under CHE-0821357. Purchase of the diffractometer was made possible by Grant No. LEQSF (1999-2000)-ENH-TR-13, administered by the Louisiana Board of Regents. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD APR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1478 EP 1481 DI 10.1021/cg100110f PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 577OV UT WOS:000276234500008 PM 20495667 ER PT J AU Saeed, MA Wong, BM Fronczek, FR Venkatraman, R Hossain, MA AF Saeed, Musabbir A. Wong, Bryan M. Fronczek, Frank R. Venkatraman, Ramaiyer Hossain, Md. Alamgir TI Formation of an Amine-Water Cyclic Pentamer: A New Type of Water Cluster in a Polyazacryptand SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID PROTON-TRANSFER; NONCOVALENT INTERACTIONS; SUPRAMOLECULAR COMPLEX; PROTEIN TETRABRACHION; DENSITY FUNCTIONALS; SOLID-STATE; ICE; MOLECULES; (H2O)(N); CRYPTAND AB Structural analysis of an adduct of a thiophene-based cryptand with tosylic acid shows the formation of a hybrid amine-water cyclic pentamer composed of four water molecules and one protonated amine in the charged hydrophobic cavity. The bulky tosylate groups remain outside the cavity, making the ligand favorable for hosting water molecules. Ab initio calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) confirm that the hybrid amine-water pentamer is stabilized inside the hydrophobic cavity of the cryptand. C1 [Saeed, Musabbir A.; Venkatraman, Ramaiyer; Hossain, Md. Alamgir] Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Jackson, MS 39212 USA. [Wong, Bryan M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Chem Mat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Fronczek, Frank R.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Hossain, MA (reprint author), Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Jackson, MS 39212 USA. EM alamgir@chem.jsums.edu RI Wong, Bryan/B-1663-2009 OI Wong, Bryan/0000-0002-3477-8043 FU National Center for Research Resources [G12RR013459]; National Science Foundation [CHE-0821357]; Louisiana Board of Regents [LEQSF (1999-2000)-ENH-TR-13] FX The project described was supported by Grant Number G12RR013459 from the National Center for Research Resources. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under CHE-0821357. Purchase or the diffractometer was made possible by Grant No. LEQSF (1999-2000)-ENH-TR-13, administered by the Louisiana Board of Regents. NR 43 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 EI 1528-7505 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD APR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1486 EP 1488 DI 10.1021/cg100161a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 577OV UT WOS:000276234500010 PM 20495666 ER PT J AU Vega-Sanchez, ME Ronald, PC AF Vega-Sanchez, Miguel E. Ronald, Pamela C. TI Genetic and biotechnological approaches for biofuel crop improvement SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SEED OIL CONTENT; JATROPHA-CURCAS; DOWN-REGULATION; GLUCURONOXYLAN BIOSYNTHESIS; LIGNIN MODIFICATION; OVER-EXPRESSION; GENOME SEQUENCE; CELL-WALLS; PLANT; ARABIDOPSIS AB Research and development efforts for biofuel production are targeted at converting plant biomass into renewable liquid fuels. Major obstacles for biofuel production include lack of biofuel crop domestication, low oil yields from crop plants as well as recalcitrance of lignocellulose to chemical and enzymatic breakdown. Researchers are expanding the genetic and genomic resources available for crop improvement, elucidating lipid metabolism to facilitate manipulation of fatty acid biosynthetic pathways and studying how plant cell walls are synthesized and assembled. This knowledge will be used to produce the next generation of biofuel crops by increasing fatty acid content and by optimizing the hydrolysis of plant cell walls to release fermentable sugars. C1 [Vega-Sanchez, Miguel E.; Ronald, Pamela C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Vega-Sanchez, Miguel E.; Ronald, Pamela C.] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Feedstocks Div, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. RP Ronald, PC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pcronald@ucdavis.edu RI Vega-Sanchez, Miguel/K-3072-2012 OI Vega-Sanchez, Miguel/0000-0003-0128-2743 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We would like to thank Laura Bartley, Josh Heazlewood and Rebecca Bart for useful comments provided on the draft of this manuscript. This work was part of the DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute (http://www.jbei.org) supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, through contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 57 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 31 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 21 IS 2 BP 218 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.02.002 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 604UD UT WOS:000278303100015 PM 20181473 ER PT J AU Wuichet, K Cantwell, BJ Zhulin, IB AF Wuichet, Kristin Cantwell, Brian J. Zhulin, Igor B. TI Evolution and phyletic distribution of two-component signal transduction systems SO CURRENT OPINION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATORS; HISTIDINE PROTEIN-KINASE; WHOLE-GENOME ANALYSIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MULTISTEP PHOSPHORELAY; FUNGAL PATHOGENS; ASP PHOSPHORELAY; GENE-EXPRESSION; FIXL PROTEIN; PROKARYOTES AB Two-component signal transduction systems are abundant in prokaryotes. They enable cells to adjust multiple cellular functions in response to changing environmental conditions. These systems are also found, although in much smaller numbers, in lower eukaryotes and plants, where they appear to control a few very specific functions. Two-component systems have evolved in Bacteria from much simpler one-component systems bringing about the benefit of extracellular versus intracellular sensing. We review reports establishing the origins of two-component systems and documenting their occurrence in major lineages of Life. C1 [Wuichet, Kristin; Cantwell, Brian J.; Zhulin, Igor B.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Zhulin, Igor B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhulin, IB (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ijouline@utk.edu RI Zhulin, Igor/A-2308-2012 OI Zhulin, Igor/0000-0002-6708-5323 FU NIH [GM072285]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science FX This work was supported by NIH grant GM072285 and funds from the BioEnergy Science Center which is supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science. NR 56 TC 77 Z9 83 U1 8 U2 32 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5274 J9 CURR OPIN MICROBIOL JI Curr. Opin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 13 IS 2 BP 219 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.mib.2009.12.011 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 588KZ UT WOS:000277070100015 PM 20133179 ER PT J AU Albrecht, SS Kuklina, EV Bansil, P Jamieson, D Whiteman, MK Kourtis, AP Posner, SF Callaghan, WM AF Albrecht, Sandra S. Kuklina, Elena V. Bansil, Pooja Jamieson, Denise Whiteman, Maura K. Kourtis, Athena P. Posner, Samuel F. Callaghan, William M. TI Diabetes Trends Among Delivery Hospitalizations in the US, 1994-2004 SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID DISCHARGE DATA; MELLITUS; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; DIAGNOSIS; WOMEN AB OBJECTIVE - To examine trends in the prevalence of diabetes among delivery hospitalizations in the U.S. and to describe the characteristics of these hospitalizations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Hospital discharge data from 1994 through 2004 were obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Diagnosis codes were selected for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and unspecified diabetes. Rates of delivery hospitalization with diabetes were calculated per 100 deliveries. RESULTS - Overall, an estimated 1,863,746 hospital delivery discharges contained a diabetes diagnosis, corresponding to a rate of 4.3 per 100 deliveries over the 11-year period. GDM accounted for the largest proportion of delivery hospitalizations with diabetes (84.7%), followed by type 1 (7%), type 2 (4.7%), and unspecified diabetes (3.6%). From 1994 to 2004, the rates for all diabetes. GDM, type 1 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes significantly increased overall and within each age-group (15-24, 25-34, and >= 35 years) (P < 0.05). The largest percent increase for all ages was among type 2 diabetes (367%). By age-group, the greatest percent increases for each diabetes type were among the two younger groups. Significant predictors of diabetes at delivery included age >= 35 years vs. 15-24 years (odds ratio 4.80 [95% CI 4.72-4.891), urban versus rural location (1.14 [1.1.1-1.17]), and Medicaid/Medicare versus other payment sources (1.29 [1.26-1.32]). CONCLUSIONS - Given the increasing prevalence of diabetes among delivery hospitalizations, particularly among younger women, it will be important to monitor trends in the pregnant population and target strategies to minimize risk for maternal/Fetal complications. C1 [Albrecht, Sandra S.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Bansil, Pooja] CONRAD, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kuklina, Elena V.] Quantell, Mchenry, MD USA. [Jamieson, Denise; Whiteman, Maura K.; Kourtis, Athena P.; Posner, Samuel F.; Callaghan, William M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Albrecht, SS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM ssalb@umich.edu RI Whiteman, Matthew/C-6079-2009; OI Whiteman, Matthew/0000-0002-6583-6779; Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 26 TC 91 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD APR PY 2010 VL 33 IS 4 BP 768 EP 773 DI 10.2337/dc09-1801 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 584ZI UT WOS:000276793200018 PM 20067968 ER PT J AU Salvadori, MC Araujo, WWR Teixeira, FS Cattani, M Pasquarelli, A Oks, EM Brown, IG AF Salvadori, M. C. Araujo, W. W. R. Teixeira, F. S. Cattani, M. Pasquarelli, A. Oks, E. M. Brown, I. G. TI Termination of diamond surfaces with hydrogen, oxygen and fluorine using a small, simple plasma gun SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Diamond; CVD; Surface terminations; Plasma bombardment; Ion bombardment ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CARBON COMPOSITE FILMS; POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; FORCE MICROSCOPY; NANOCRYSTALLINE; FUNCTIONALIZATION; ELECTRON; GROWTH; IONS; GAS AB We have formed and characterized polycrystalline diamond films with surfaces having hydrogen terminations, oxygen terminations, or fluorine terminations, using a small, simple and novel plasma gun to bombard the diamond surface, formed by plasma assisted CVD in a prior step, with ions of the wanted terminating species. The potential differences between surface regions with different terminations were measured by Kelvin Force Microscopy (KFM). The highest potential occurred for oxygen termination regions and the lowest for fluorine. The potential difference between regions with oxygen terminations and hydrogen terminations was about 80 mV, and between regions with hydrogen terminations and fluorine terminations about 150 mV. Regions with different terminations were identified and imaged using the secondary electron signal provided by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). since this signal presents contrast for surfaces with different electrical properties. The wettability of the surfaces with different terminations was evaluated, measuring contact angles. The sample with oxygen termination was the most hydrophilic, with a contact angle of 75 degrees. hydrogen-terminated regions with 83 degrees, and fluorine regions 93 degrees, the most hydrophobic sample. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Salvadori, M. C.; Araujo, W. W. R.; Cattani, M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Teixeira, F. S.] Univ Sao Paulo, Polytech Sch, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Pasquarelli, A.] Univ Ulm, Dept Electron Devices & Circuits, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Oks, E. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. [Brown, I. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salvadori, MC (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys, CP 66318, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM mcsalva@if.usp.br RI Salvadori, Maria Cecilia/A-9379-2013; Teixeira, Fernanda/A-9395-2013; Cattani, Mauro/N-9749-2013; Oks, Efim/A-9409-2014 OI Oks, Efim/0000-0002-9323-0686 FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Brazil FX This work was supported by the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Brazil. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 EI 1879-0062 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD APR PY 2010 VL 19 IS 4 BP 324 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2010.01.002 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 576FP UT WOS:000276130000010 ER PT J AU Bouhenni, RA Vora, GJ Biffinger, JC Shirodkar, S Brockman, K Ray, R Wu, P Johnson, BJ Biddle, EM Marshall, MJ Fitzgerald, LA Little, BJ Fredrickson, JK Beliaev, AS Ringeisen, BR Saffarini, DA AF Bouhenni, Rachida A. Vora, Gary J. Biffinger, Justin C. Shirodkar, Sheetal Brockman, Ken Ray, Ricky Wu, Peter Johnson, Brandy J. Biddle, Eulandria M. Marshall, Matthew J. Fitzgerald, Lisa A. Little, Brenda J. Fredrickson, Jim K. Beliaev, Alexander S. Ringeisen, Bradley R. Saffarini, Daad A. TI The Role of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Outer Surface Structures in Extracellular Electron Transfer SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Shewanella oneidensis MR-1; Current production; Electron transfer; Nanofilaments; Riboflavin; Fuel cells ID MICROBIAL FUEL-CELL; METAL-REDUCING BACTERIUM; II SECRETION SYSTEM; GEOBACTER-SULFURREDUCENS; ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION; MEMBRANE CYTOCHROMES; PUTREFACIENS MR-1; IV PREPILIN; KLEBSIELLA-OXYTOCA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB The ability of the metal reducer Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 to generate electricity in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) depends on the activity of a predicted type IV prepilin peptidase; PilD. Analysis of an S. oneidensis MR-1 pilD mutant indicated that it was deficient in pili production (Msh and type IV) and type II secretion (T2S). The requirement for T2S in metal reduction has been previously identified, but the role of pili remains largely unexplored. To define the role of type IV or Msh pili in electron transfer, mutants that lack one or both pilus biogenesis systems were generated and analyzed; a mutant that lacked flagella was also constructed and tested. All mutants were able to reduce insoluble Fe(III) and to generate current in MFCs, in contrast to the T2S mutant that is deficient in both processes. Our results show that loss of metal reduction in a PilD mutant is due to a T2S deficiency, and therefore the absence of c cytochromes from the outer surface of cells, and not the loss of pili or flagella. Furthermore, MR-1 mutants deficient in type IV pili or flagella generated more current than the wild type, even though extracellular riboflavin levels were similar in all strains. This enhanced current generating ability is in contrast to a mutant that lacks the outer membrane c cytochromes, MtrC and OmcA. This mutant generated significantly less current than the wild type in an MFC and was unable to reduce Fe(III). These results indicated that although nanofilaments and soluble mediators may play a role in electron transfer, surface exposure of outer membrane c cytochromes was the determining factor in extracellular electron transfer in S. oneidensis MR-1. C1 [Biffinger, Justin C.; Wu, Peter; Fitzgerald, Lisa A.; Ringeisen, Bradley R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bouhenni, Rachida A.; Shirodkar, Sheetal; Brockman, Ken; Biddle, Eulandria M.; Saffarini, Daad A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Vora, Gary J.; Johnson, Brandy J.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ray, Ricky; Little, Brenda J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, John C Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Marshall, Matthew J.; Fredrickson, Jim K.; Beliaev, Alexander S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Bouhenni, Rachida A.] Summa Hlth Syst, Akron, OH 44304 USA. RP Ringeisen, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bradley.ringeisen@nrl.navy.mil; daads@uwm.edu RI Johnson, Brandy/B-3462-2008; Beliaev, Alexander/E-8798-2016; OI Johnson, Brandy/0000-0002-3637-0631; Beliaev, Alexander/0000-0002-6766-4632; Vora, Gary/0000-0002-0657-8597 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research; Shewanella Federation consortium; Environmental Remediation Sciences Program (ERSP); W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory; OBER; Office of Naval Research [61153N]; NSF [0723002]; DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; National Research Council FX We thank Mark McBride for helpful comments and critical reading of the manuscript. This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research under the Genomics: GTL Program via the Shewanella Federation consortium, the Environmental Remediation Sciences Program (ERSP), by EMSL Scientific Grand Challenge Project at the W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by OBER and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Office of Naval Research through NRL PE#61153N, and by NSF instrument acquisition Grant CHE#0723002. Battelle Memorial Institute operates Northwest National Laboratory for the DOE under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. We thank the National Research Council for L.A.F. Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 50 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 53 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 EI 1521-4109 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD APR PY 2010 VL 22 IS 7-8 BP 856 EP 864 DI 10.1002/elan.200880006 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 590VC UT WOS:000277255400016 ER PT J AU Aaron, D Tsouris, C Hamilton, CY Borole, AP AF Aaron, Doug Tsouris, Costas Hamilton, Choo Y. Borole, Abhijeet P. TI Assessment of the Effects of Flow Rate and Ionic Strength on the Performance of an Air-Cathode Microbial Fuel Cell Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy SO ENERGIES LA English DT Article DE biofuel cell; internal resistances; electrogenic; anode impedance; capacitance ID INTERNAL RESISTANCE; ELECTRICITY-GENERATION; CONFIGURATION; ANODE; EIS; PH AB Impedance changes of the anode, cathode and solution were examined for an air-cathode microbial fuel cell (MFC) under varying conditions. An MFC inoculated with a pre-enriched microbial culture resulted in a startup time of less than ten days. Over this period, the anode impedance decreased below the cathode impedance, suggesting a cathode-limited power output. Increasing the anode flow rate did not impact the anode impedance significantly, but it decreased the cathode impedance by 65%. Increasing the anode-medium ionic strength also decreased the cathode impedance. These impedance results provide insight into electron and proton transport mechanisms and can be used to improve MFC performance. C1 [Borole, Abhijeet P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, BioSci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Aaron, Doug; Tsouris, Costas] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Tsouris, Costas] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hamilton, Choo Y.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Borole, AP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, BioSci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM doug.aaron@gatech.edu; tsourisc@ornl.gov; chamilto@utk.edu; borolea@ornl.gov RI Borole, AP/F-3933-2011; Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016; OI Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027; Borole, Abhijeet/0000-0001-8423-811X FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); U.S. Department of Energy [DE AC05-00OR22725]; American Chemical Society, Green Chemistry Initiative FX This research was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE AC05-00OR22725 and by the American Chemical Society, Petroleum Research Fund, Green Chemistry Initiative through a grant to Georgia Institute of Technology. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 32 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL-MDPI PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1073 J9 ENERGIES JI Energies PD APR PY 2010 VL 3 IS 4 BP 592 EP 606 DI 10.3390/en3040592 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 588XP UT WOS:000277108300001 ER PT J AU Cappers, P Goldman, C Kathan, D AF Cappers, Peter Goldman, Charles Kathan, David TI Demand response in US electricity markets: Empirical evidence SO ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Demand response; Public policy; Empirical analysis; Wholesale electricity markets AB Empirical evidence concerning demand response (DR) resources is needed in order to establish baseline conditions, develop standardized methods to assess DR availability and performance, and to build confidence among policymakers, utilities, system operators, and stakeholders that DR resources do offer a viable, cost-effective alternative to supply-side investments. This paper summarizes the existing contribution of DR resources in U.S. electric power markets. In 2008, customers enrolled in existing wholesale and retail DR programs were capable of providing similar to 38,000 MW of potential peak load reductions in the United States. Participants in organized wholesale market DR programs, though, have historically overestimated their likely performance during declared curtailments events, but appear to be getting better as they and their agents gain experience. In places with less developed organized wholesale market DR programs, utilities are learning how to create more flexible DR resources by adapting legacy load management programs to fit into existing wholesale market constructs. Overall, the development of open and organized wholesale markets coupled with direct policy support by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission has facilitated new entry by curtailment service providers, which has likely expanded the demand response industry and led to product and service innovation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cappers, Peter; Goldman, Charles] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kathan, David] Fed Energy Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20426 USA. RP Cappers, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pacappers@lbl.gov RI Quezada, George/I-1106-2012 OI Quezada, George/0000-0002-4060-6109 NR 22 TC 122 Z9 128 U1 17 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD APR PY 2010 VL 35 IS 4 SI SI BP 1526 EP 1535 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2009.06.029 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 590IF UT WOS:000277218100003 ER PT J AU Wang, JH Bloyd, CN Hu, ZG Tan, ZF AF Wang, Jianhui Bloyd, Cary N. Hu, Zhaoguang Tan, Zhongfu TI Demand response in China SO ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Demand response; Demand-side management; China ID ELECTRICITY SUPPLY INDUSTRY; HONG-KONG AB The escalating demand for electricity in China has caused an electricity shortage in the past several years. This paper discusses the role of demand response (DR) as an integral component in alleviating the problem and coping with this shortfall. It reviews current experience with DR programs, analyzes China's situation and makes suggestions for DR implementation. Although China's DR programs offer high potential to succeed, they require substantial efforts in resolving such key issues as the programs' funding mechanisms, pricing, and relationship with electricity industry reform. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wang, Jianhui] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bloyd, Cary N.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hu, Zhaoguang] State Power Econ Res Inst, Beijing 100761, Peoples R China. [Tan, Zhongfu] N China Elect Power Univ, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China. RP Wang, JH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jianhui.wang@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy. [E-AC-02-06CH11357] FX The authors want to thank C.K. Woo and L Greening for their valuable comments. Any errors or mistakes are the authors'. The work of Jianhui Wang was supported by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under Contract No. E-AC-02-06CH11357 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 11 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD APR PY 2010 VL 35 IS 4 SI SI BP 1592 EP 1597 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2009.06.020 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 590IF UT WOS:000277218100011 ER PT J AU Conklin, JC Szybist, JP AF Conklin, James C. Szybist, James P. TI A highly efficient six-stroke internal combustion engine cycle with water injection for in-cylinder exhaust heat recovery SO ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Engine efficiency; Six-stroke cycle; Water injection; Steam cycle AB A concept adding two strokes to the Otto or Diesel engine cycle to increase fuel efficiency is presented here. It can be thought of as a four-stroke Otto or Diesel cycle followed by a two-stroke heat recovery steam cycle. A partial exhaust event coupled with water injection adds an additional power stroke. Waste heat from two sources is effectively converted into usable work: engine coolant and exhaust gas. An ideal thermodynamics model of the exhaust gas compression, water injection and expansion was used to investigate this modification. By changing the exhaust valve closing timing during the exhaust stroke, the optimum amount of exhaust can be recompressed, maximizing the net mean effective pressure of the steam expansion stroke (MEP(steam)). The valve closing timing for maximum MEP(steam) is limited by either 1 bar or the dew point temperature of the expansion gas/moisture mixture when the exhaust valve opens. The range of MEP(steam) calculated for the geometry of a conventional gasoline engine and is from 0.75 to 2.5 bars. Typical combustion mean effective pressures (MEP(combustion)) Of naturally aspirated gasoline engines are up to 10 bar, thus this concept has the potential to significantly increase the engine efficiency and fuel economy. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Conklin, James C.; Szybist, James P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Szybist, JP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM szybistjp@ornl.gov RI lee, yunzhu/G-1723-2011 NR 11 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD APR PY 2010 VL 35 IS 4 SI SI BP 1658 EP 1664 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2009.12.012 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 590IF UT WOS:000277218100018 ER PT J AU Gao, ZM AF Gao, Zhiming TI The Impact of thermostatic expansion valve heating on the performance of air-source heat pumps in heating mode SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Heat pump; Energy saving; Thermal comfort; Thermostatic expansion valve ID PRESSURE-DROP AB This paper discusses the strategy of improving the efficiency of air-source heat pumps by adding a small amount of heat to the sensor of the thermostatic expansion valve (TXV). TXV heating retards the closing of the valve and boosts energy efficiency in heating mode. Test results demonstrate that appropriate TXV heating achieves an improvement in coefficient of performance (COP) and thermal comfort. The required heating power is no more than 40 W and the additional equipment cost is less than $20 at manufacturer cost (2006). Thus, the strategy of TXV heating is both technologically practical and low cost. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gao, ZM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS6472, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Gao, Zhiming/0000-0002-7139-7995 FU ORAU/ORISE FX This work was performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), which is managed by UT-Battelle LLC. The work was also sponsored by ORAU/ORISE. The authors are grateful to Dr. C Keith Rice and Dr. Jim Conklin, at ORNL, who contributed very helpful suggestions and insights to this effort. Thanks also to Erica Atkin for technical editing and assistance in preparing this paper. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD APR PY 2010 VL 51 IS 4 BP 732 EP 739 DI 10.1016/j.enconman.2009.10.030 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 562ZV UT WOS:000275095800014 ER PT J AU Rassat, SD Aardahl, CL Autrey, T Smith, RS AF Rassat, Scot D. Aardahl, Christopher L. Autrey, Tom Smith, R. Scott TI Thermal Stability of Ammonia Borane: A Case Study for Exothermic Hydrogen Storage Materials SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID N-H COMPOUNDS; CATALYZED DEHYDROGENATION; DECOMPOSITION; RELEASE; H3NBH3; NMR AB A model to determine the thermal stability of chemical hydrogen storage materials was developed to predict the stability of ammonia borane at 50-60 degrees C, the extreme range of environmental temperatures for hydrogen storage materials in PEM fuel cell applications. Experimental data from differential scanning calorimetry measurements between 70 and 85 degrees C were used to develop isothermal and adiabatic reactivity models that could be extrapolated down to temperatures of interest. Results of the analysis show that solid ammonia borane is metastable in the 50-60 degrees C range, having stability against appreciable reaction on the order of a week at 60 degrees C and months at 50 degrees C. An adiabatic analysis is the most extreme case, and stability of many days under such extreme conditions indicates that solid ammonia borane may be suited to most hydrogen storage applications. This type of analysis is also applicable to other candidate hydrogen storage materials. C1 [Rassat, Scot D.; Aardahl, Christopher L.; Autrey, Tom; Smith, R. Scott] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rassat, SD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sd.rassat@pnl.gov RI Smith, Scott/G-2310-2015 OI Smith, Scott/0000-0002-7145-1963 NR 31 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 BP 2596 EP 2606 DI 10.1021/ef901430a PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 581YZ UT WOS:000276563300051 ER PT J AU Greene, DL AF Greene, David L. TI Measuring energy security: Can the United States achieve oil independence? SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE Oil dependence; Energy security; Energy metrics AB Stochastic simulation of the direct economic costs of oil dependence in an uncertain future is proposed as a useful metric of oil dependence. The market failure from which these costs arise is imperfect competition in the world oil market, chiefly as a consequence of the use of market power by the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) cartel. Oil dependence costs can be substantial. It is estimated that oil dependence costs to the US economy in 2008 will exceed $500 billion. Other costs, such as military expenditures or foreign policy constraints are deemed to be largely derivative of the actual or potential economic costs of oil dependence. The use of quantifiable economic costs as a security metric leads to a measurable definition of oil independence, or oil security, which can be used to test the ability of specific policies to achieve oil independence in an uncertain future. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Greene, DL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM dlgreene@ornl.gov NR 32 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD APR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1614 EP 1621 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.01.041 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 603ZM UT WOS:000278247000003 ER PT J AU FrantzDale, B Plimpton, SJ Shephard, MS AF FrantzDale, Benjamin Plimpton, Steven J. Shephard, Mark S. TI Software components for parallel multiscale simulation: an example with LAMMPS SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE Atomistic to continuum coupling; LAMMPS; Software design; Molecular dynamics; Multiscale computation AB Multiscale simulation is a promising approach for addressing a variety of real-world engineering problems. Various mathematical approaches have been proposed to link single-scale models of physics into multiscale models. In order to be effective, new multiscale simulation algorithms must be implemented which use partial results provided by single-scale software. This work considers aspects of software design for interfacing to existing single-scale simulation code to perform multiscale simulations on a parallel machine. As a practical example, we extended the large-scale atomistic/molecular massively parallel simulator (LAMMPS) atomistic simulation software to facilitate its efficient use as a component of parallel multiscale-simulation software. This required new library interface functions to LAMMPS that side-stepped its dependence on files for input and output and provided efficient access to LAMMPS's internal state. As a result, we were able to take advantage of LAMMPS's single-scale performance without adding any multiscale-specific code to LAMMPS itself. We illustrate the use of LAMMPS as a component in three different modes: as a stand-alone application called by a multiscale code, as a parallel library invoked by a serial multiscale code, and as a parallel library invoked by a parallel multiscale code. We conclude that it is possible to efficiently re-use existing single-scale simulation software as a component in multiscale-simulation software. C1 [FrantzDale, Benjamin; Shephard, Mark S.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Res Ctr Comp Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Plimpton, Steven J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP FrantzDale, B (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Res Ctr Comp Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM bfrantz@scorec.rpi.edu; sjplimpton@sandia.gov; mark@scorec.rpi.edu FU DOD (ARMY) [W911QX-06-6-0048] FX The enhancements to LAMMPS described in this paper are part of the general open-source release, available for download from http://lammps.sandia.gov/. This work is supported by in part by a SBIR project from the DOD (ARMY) to Simmetrix Inc. and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute entitled "The Multiscale Application Suite" (project number W911QX-06-6-0048). NR 7 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PD APR PY 2010 VL 26 IS 2 BP 205 EP 211 DI 10.1007/s00366-009-0156-z PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 573YI UT WOS:000275953000011 ER PT J AU Samara, F Wyrzykowska, B Tabor, D Touati, D Gullett, BK AF Samara, Fatin Wyrzykowska, Barbara Tabor, Dennis Touati, Dahman Gullett, Brian K. TI Toxicity comparison of chlorinated and brominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in industrial source samples by HRGC/HRMS and enzyme immunoassay SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE PBDDs/Fs; PCDDs/Fs; PBCDDs/Fs; CALUX; EIA; HRGC/HRMS ID EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; MICRO-EROD; CALUX; ASSAY; INDUCTION; BIOASSAY; PCBS; SOIL; GAS AB Limited information is available on the applicability of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/furan (PCDD/F) toxicity assays to their brominated counterparts: polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBDDs/Fs). We estimated the toxicity of mixtures of chlorinated, brominated, and mixed bromochloro-dioxins and -furan (PBCDDs/Fs) laboratory standards using a chemically-activated luciferase gene expression cell bioassay (CALUX). The relative effects potency (REP) values obtained were comparable to the World Health Organization (WHO) toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) and in agreement with the concept of additive congener toxicity of mixtures of dioxins and furans. Enzyme immunoassay (EIA)-based toxic equivalents (TEQs), however, showed overestimation for PCDDs/Fs (0-4 orders of magnitudes higher) and underestimation for PBDDs/Fs (0-1 orders of magnitude lower) when compared to high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS)-based TEQ calculation (using WHO TEFs) in samples from an industrial source line. No correlation was found between the EIA and the HRGC/HRMS data, which could be attributed to differences in homologue-specific cross-reactivity responses, sample matrix type, and presence of other compounds competing for antibody binding in the immunoassay. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Samara, Fatin; Wyrzykowska, Barbara; Tabor, Dennis; Gullett, Brian K.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab E305 01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wyrzykowska, Barbara] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ Res, Postdoctoral Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Touati, Dahman] ARCADIS US Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Gullett, BK (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab E305 01, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM gullett.brian@epa.gov NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD APR PY 2010 VL 36 IS 3 BP 247 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2009.12.005 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 568RH UT WOS:000275539700003 PM 20110126 ER PT J AU Keating, EH Fessenden, J Kanjorski, N Koning, DJ Pawar, R AF Keating, Elizabeth H. Fessenden, Julianna Kanjorski, Nancy Koning, Daniel J. Pawar, Rajesh TI The impact of CO2 on shallow groundwater chemistry: observations at a natural analog site and implications for carbon sequestration SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Aqueous geochemistry; Ground water contamination; Risk assessment ID DISSOLUTION KINETICS; NEW-MEXICO; ROCK INTERACTIONS; MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; VALLES CALDERA; 25-DEGREES-C; BICARBONATE; VESUVIUS; DIOXIDE; AQUIFER AB In a natural analog study of risks associated with carbon sequestration, impacts of CO2 on shallow groundwater quality have been measured in a sandstone aquifer in New Mexico, USA. Despite relatively high levels of dissolved CO2, originating from depth and producing geysering at one well, pH depression and consequent trace element mobility are relatively minor effects due to the buffering capacity of the aquifer. However, local contamination due to influx of brackish waters in a subset of wells is significant. Geochemical modeling of major ion concentrations suggests that high alkalinity and carbonate mineral dissolution buffers pH changes due to CO2 influx. Analysis of trends in dissolved trace elements, chloride, and CO2 reveal no evidence of in situ trace element mobilization. There is clear evidence, however, that As, U, and Pb are locally co-transported into the aquifer with CO2-rich brackish water. This study illustrates the role that local geochemical conditions will play in determining the effectiveness of monitoring strategies for CO2 leakage. For example, if buffering is significant, pH monitoring may not effectively detect CO2 leakage. This study also highlights potential complications that CO2 carrier fluids, such as brackish waters, pose in monitoring impacts of geologic sequestration. C1 [Keating, Elizabeth H.; Fessenden, Julianna; Pawar, Rajesh] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kanjorski, Nancy] Geosci Consultants, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Koning, Daniel J.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, New Mexico Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Keating, EH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, MS T003, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ekeating@lanl.gov FU US DOE FX This work was supported by the US DOE through the Zero Emission Research Technology (ZERT) project. We thank Jim Roberts for access to his wells and to all the other residents of Chimayo for allowing us to sample their water. We thank Toti Larson, Emily Kluk, Mike Rearick, and George Perkins for their laboratory analyses and discussions on data interpretation. We also gained invaluable insight from discussions with Bill Carey and Dennis Newell. Andi Kron assisted with illustrations. We appreciate thoughtful discussion with June Fabryka-Martin and the manuscript was greatly improved by the comments from one anonymous reviewer. NR 46 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 60 IS 3 BP 521 EP 536 DI 10.1007/s12665-009-0192-4 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 582YJ UT WOS:000276637100007 ER PT J AU Maltrud, M Bryan, F Peacock, S AF Maltrud, Mathew Bryan, Frank Peacock, Synte TI Boundary impulse response functions in a century-long eddying global ocean simulation SO ENVIRONMENTAL FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Modeling; Ocean circulation; Tracers; Timescales ID TRANSIT-TIME DISTRIBUTIONS; MODEL; AGE; TRANSPORT; TEMPERATURE; TRACER; WATER; LAYER AB Results are presented from a century-long 1/10A degrees global ocean simulation that included a suite of age-related passive tracers. In particular, an ensemble of five global Boundary Impulse Response functions (BIRs, which are statistically related to the more fundamental Transit Time Distributions, TTDs) was included to quantify the character of the TTD when mesoscale eddies are explicitly simulated rather than parameterized. We also seek to characterize the level of variability in water mass ventilation timescales arising from eddy motions. The statistics of the BIR timeseries are described, and it is shown that the greatest variability occurs at early times, followed by a remarkable conformity between ensemble members at longer timescales. The statistics of the first moment of the BIRs are presented, and the upper-ocean spatial distribution of the standard deviation of the first moment of the BIRs discussed. It is shown that variations in the BIR first moment with respect to the ensemble average are typically only a few percent, and that the variability slightly decreases with increasing ensemble size, implying that only a few ensemble members may be necessary for a reasonable estimate of the TTD. The completeness of the estimated TTD, i.e., the degree to which the century long BIRs capture the range of global ocean ventilation timescales is discussed, and the potential for extrapolation of the BIR to longer times is briefly explored. Several regional BIRs were also simulated in order to quantify the relative abundance of fluid parcels that originate in specific geographical locations. C1 [Maltrud, Mathew] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bryan, Frank; Peacock, Synte] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Maltrud, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM maltrud@lanl.gov RI Bryan, Frank/I-1309-2016 OI Bryan, Frank/0000-0003-1672-8330 FU Department of Energy Office of Science Climate Change Prediction Program; National Science Foundation; National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory; INCITE program; National Center for Atmospheric Research Computational and Information Systems Laboratory FX M. M. was supported by the Department of Energy Office of Science Climate Change Prediction Program. Participation of F. B. and S. P. was supported by the National Science Foundation by its sponsorship of the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The simulation was performed at the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory with computer time awarded under the INCITE program, and at the National Center for Atmospheric Research Computational and Information Systems Laboratory. NR 26 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-7419 J9 ENVIRON FLUID MECH JI Environ. Fluid Mech. PD APR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1-2 BP 275 EP 295 DI 10.1007/s10652-009-9154-3 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA 551HN UT WOS:000274197800016 ER PT J AU Newmark, RL Friedmann, SJ Carroll, SA AF Newmark, Robin L. Friedmann, Samuel J. Carroll, Susan A. TI Water Challenges for Geologic Carbon Capture and Sequestration SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbon capture and sequestration; Groundwater resources ID STORAGE; CO2 AB Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) has been proposed as a means to dramatically reduce greenhouse gas emissions with the continued use of fossil fuels. For geologic sequestration, the carbon dioxide is captured from large point sources (e.g., power plants or other industrial sources), transported to the injection site and injected into deep geological formations for storage. This will produce new water challenges, such as the amount of water used in energy resource development and utilization and the "capture penalty" for water use. At depth, brine displacement within formations, storage reservoir pressure increases resulting from injection, and leakage are potential concerns. Potential impacts range from increasing water demand for capture to contamination of groundwater through leakage or brine displacement. Understanding these potential impacts and the conditions under which they arise informs the design and implementation of appropriate monitoring and controls, important both for assurance of environmental safety and for accounting purposes. Potential benefits also exist, such as co-production and treatment of water to both offset reservoir pressure increase and to provide local water for beneficial use. C1 [Newmark, Robin L.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Friedmann, Samuel J.; Carroll, Susan A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Newmark, RL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, MS 1713,1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM robin.newmark@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, nor any of their employees makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. We acknowledge three anonymous reviewers for their meaningful suggestions. NR 47 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2010 VL 45 IS 4 BP 651 EP 661 DI 10.1007/s00267-010-9434-1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 583EE UT WOS:000276655100001 PM 20127328 ER PT J AU Mayali, X Palenik, B Burton, RS AF Mayali, Xavier Palenik, Brian Burton, Ronald S. TI Dynamics of marine bacterial and phytoplankton populations using multiplex liquid bead array technology SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAY; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; CLONE LIBRARIES; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; DIATOM BLOOM; OREGON COAST; TIME-SERIES; MICROORGANISMS AB Heterotrophic bacteria and phytoplankton dominate the biomass and play major roles in the biogeochemical cycles of the surface ocean. Here, we designed and tested a fast, high-throughput and multiplexed hybridization-based assay to detect populations of marine heterotrophic bacteria and phytoplankton based on their small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. The assay is based on established liquid bead array technology, an approach that is gaining acceptance in biomedical research but remains underutilized in ecology. End-labelled PCR products are hybridized to taxon-specific oligonucleotide probes attached to fluorescently coded beads followed by flow cytometric detection. We used ribosomal DNA environmental clone libraries (a total of 450 clones) and cultured isolates to design and test 26 bacterial and 10 eukaryotic probes specific to various ribotypes and genera of heterotrophic bacteria and eukaryotic phytoplankton. Pure environmental clones or cultures were used as controls and demonstrated specificity of the probes to their target taxa. The quantitative nature of the assay was demonstrated by a significant relationship between the number of target molecules and fluorescence signal. Clone library sequencing and bead array fluorescence from the same sample provided consistent results. We then applied the assay to a 37-day time series of coastal surface seawater samples from the Southern California Bight to examine the temporal dynamics of microbial communities on the scale of days to weeks. As expected, several bacterial phylotypes were positively correlated with total bacterial abundances and chlorophyll a concentrations, but others were negatively correlated. Bacterial taxa belonging to the same broad taxonomic groups did not necessarily correlate with one another, confirming recent results suggesting that inferring ecological role from broad taxonomic identity may not always be accurate. C1 [Mayali, Xavier; Palenik, Brian; Burton, Ronald S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Mayali, X (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mayali1@llnl.gov RI Burton, Ron/F-7694-2010 FU National Science Foundation FX We thank M. Latz and M. Hildebrand for protist cultures and P. Huh, C. Tat and A. Yamamoto for assistance in the laboratory. We are grateful for insightful discussions with V. Tai, E. Brodie and R. Mueller. This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation to R.S.B. and B.P. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 12 IS 4 BP 975 EP 989 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.02142.x PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 587XO UT WOS:000277029900012 PM 20105218 ER PT J AU Moran, KK Jastrow, JD AF Moran, Kelly K. Jastrow, Julie D. TI Elevated carbon dioxide does not offset loss of soil carbon from a corn-soybean agroecosystem SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Facing the Future CY APR 02-04, 2008 CL Rhinelander, WI SP Aspen FACE, SoyFACE, SFB 607 DE Carbon dioxide; Soil carbon; Soil organic matter; Soil aggregate; Agroecosystem ID ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS; CO2 ENRICHMENT FACE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; LONG-TERM; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; POPLAR PLANTATION; TILLAGE PRACTICES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CROP YIELD; SEQUESTRATION AB The potential for storing additional C in U.S. Corn Belt soils - to offset rising atmospheric [CO(2)] - is large. Long-term cultivation has depleted substantial soil organic matter (SUM) stocks that once existed in the region's native ecosystems. In central Illinois, free-air CO(2) enrichment technology was used to investigate the effects of elevated [CO(2)] on SUM pools in a conservation tilled corn-soybean rotation. After 5 and 6 y of CO(2) enrichment, we investigated the distribution of C and N among soil fractions with varying ability to protect SUM from rapid decomposition. None of the isolated C or N pools, or bulk-soil C or N, was affected by CO(2) treatment. However, the site has lost soil C and N. largely from unprotected pools, regardless of CO(2) treatment since the experiment began. These findings suggest management practices have affected soil C and N stocks and dynamics more than the increased inputs from CO(2)-stimulated photosynthesis. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Moran, Kelly K.; Jastrow, Julie D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Moran, KK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM moran@anl.gov; jdjastrow@anl.gov NR 69 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD APR PY 2010 VL 158 IS 4 SI SI BP 1088 EP 1094 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.07.005 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 579OX UT WOS:000276382400019 PM 19631429 ER PT J AU Cutting, RS Coker, VS Telling, ND Kimber, RL Pearce, CI Ellis, BL Lawson, RS Van der Laan, G Pattrick, RAD Vaughan, DJ Arenholz, E Lloyd, JR AF Cutting, Richard S. Coker, Victoria S. Telling, Neil D. Kimber, Richard L. Pearce, Carolyn I. Ellis, Beverly L. Lawson, Richard S. Van der Laan, Gerrit Pattrick, Richard A. D. Vaughan, David J. Arenholz, Elke Lloyd, Jonathan R. TI Optimizing Cr(VI) and Tc(VII) Remediation through Nanoscale Biomineral Engineering SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 2P ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; SYNTHETIC SCHWERTMANNITE; GEOBACTER-SULFURREDUCENS; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; CHROMATE REMOVAL; IRON-OXIDES; FE-II; REDUCTION; CHROMIUM; MAGNETITE AB The influence of Fe(III) starting material on the ability of magnetically recoverable biogenic magnetites produced by Geobacter sulfurreducens to retain metal oxyanion contaminants has been investigated. The reduction/removal of aqueous Cr(VI) was used to probe the reactivity of the biomagnetites. Nanomagnetites produced by the bacterial reduction of schwertmannite powder were more efficient at reducing Cr(VI) than either ferrihydrite "gel"-derived biomagnetite or commercial nanoscale Fe(3)O(4). Examination of post-exposure magnetite surfaces indicated both Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were present. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) studies at the Fe L(2,3)-edge showed that the amount of Fe(III) "gained" by Cr(VI) reduction could not be entirely accounted for by "lost" Fe(II). Cr L(2,3)-edge XMCD spectra found Cr(III) replaced similar to 14%-20% of octahedral Fe in both biogenic magnetites, producing a layer resembling CrFe(2)O(4). However, schwertmannite-derived biomagnetite was associated with approximately twice as much Cr as ferrihydrite-derived magnetite. Column studies using a gamma-camera to image a (99)mTc(VII) radiotracer were performed to visualize the relative performances of biogenic magnetites at removing aqueous metal oxyanion contaminants. Again, schwertmannite-derived biomagnetite proved capable of retaining more (similar to 20%) (99m)Tc(VII) than ferrihydrite-derived biomagnetite, confirming that the production of biomagnetite can be fine-tuned for efficient environmental remediation through careful selection of the Fe(III) mineral substrate supplied to Fe(III)reducing bacteria. C1 [Cutting, Richard S.; Coker, Victoria S.; Telling, Neil D.; Kimber, Richard L.; Pearce, Carolyn I.; Van der Laan, Gerrit; Pattrick, Richard A. D.; Vaughan, David J.; Lloyd, Jonathan R.] Univ Manchester, Williamson Res Ctr Mol Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Cutting, Richard S.; Coker, Victoria S.; Telling, Neil D.; Kimber, Richard L.; Pearce, Carolyn I.; Van der Laan, Gerrit; Pattrick, Richard A. D.; Arenholz, Elke; Lloyd, Jonathan R.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Ellis, Beverly L.; Lawson, Richard S.] Manchester Royal Infirm, Dept Nucl Med, Manchester M13 9WL, Lancs, England. [Telling, Neil D.; Van der Laan, Gerrit] Diamond Light Source, Magnet Spect Grp, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England. [Arenholz, Elke] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Cutting, RS (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Williamson Res Ctr Mol Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM richard.cutting@manchester.ac.uk RI Coker, Victoria/B-4181-2012; van der Laan, Gerrit/Q-1662-2015 OI van der Laan, Gerrit/0000-0001-6852-2495 FU EPSRC [EP/D058767/1]; BBSRC [BB/E004601/1]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The support of EPSRC and BBSRC in funding this research is gratefully acknowledged via grants EP/D058767/1 and BB/E004601/1. Special thanks are due to Dr. Paul Wincott and Ms. Catherine Davies for advice and assistance with aspects of the work and to Dr. Joyce McBeth for her assistance with Tc column studies. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 54 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 8 U2 52 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 7 BP 2577 EP 2584 DI 10.1021/es902119u PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 574MN UT WOS:000275993700055 PM 20196588 ER PT J AU Borole, AP Aaron, D Hamilton, CY Tsouris, C AF Borole, Abhijeet P. Aaron, Doug Hamilton, Choo Y. Tsouris, Costas TI Understanding Long-Term Changes in Microbial Fuel Cell Performance Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL RESISTANCE; CATHODE; ANODE; PH; CHALLENGES; LOSSES; EIS AB Changes in the anode, cathode, and solution/membrane impedances during enrichment of an anode microbial consortium were measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The consortium was enriched in a compact, flow-through porous electrode chamber coupled to an air-cathode. The anode impedance initially decreased from 296.1 to 36.3 Omega in the first 43 days indicating exoelectrogenic biofilm formation. The external load on the MFC was decreased in a stepwise manner to allow further enrichment. MFC operation at a final load of 50 Omega decreased the anode impedance to 1.4 Omega, with a corresponding cathode and membrane/solution impedance of 12.1 and 3.0 Omega, respectively. An analysis of the capacitive element suggested that most of the three-dimensional anode surface was participating in the bioelectrochemical reaction. The power density of the air-cathode MFC stabilized after 3 months of operation and stayed at 422 +/- 42 mW/m(2) (33 W/m(3)) for the next 3 months. The normalized anode impedance for the MFC was 0.017 k Omega cm(2), a 28-fold reduction over that reported previously. This study demonstrates a unique ability of biological systems to reduce the electron transfer resistance in MFCs, and their potential for stable energy production over extended periods of time. C1 [Borole, Abhijeet P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, BioSci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tsouris, Costas] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Aaron, Doug] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Hamilton, Choo Y.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Borole, AP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, BioSci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM borolea@ornl.gov RI Borole, AP/F-3933-2011; Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016; OI Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027; Borole, Abhijeet/0000-0001-8423-811X FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); U.S. Department of Energy [DE AC05-00OR22725]; American Chemical Society; Petroleum Research Fund; Green Chemistry Initiative FX This research was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE AC05-00OR22725 and by the American Chemical Society, Petroleum Research Fund, Green Chemistry Initiative through a grant to Georgia Institute of Technology. NR 29 TC 61 Z9 67 U1 6 U2 71 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 7 BP 2740 EP 2744 DI 10.1021/es9032937 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 574MN UT WOS:000275993700079 PM 20222678 ER PT J AU VanEngelen, MR Field, EK Gerlach, R Lee, BD Apel, WA Peyton, BM AF VanEngelen, Michael R. Field, Erin K. Gerlach, Robin Lee, Brady D. Apel, William A. Peyton, Brent M. TI UO22+ SPECIATION DETERMINES URANIUM TOXICITY AND BIOACCUMULATION IN AN ENVIRONMENTAL PSEUDOMONAS SP ISOLATE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Uranium; Low-level waste; Speciation; Toxicity; Bioaccumulation ID WASTE DISPOSAL SITES; ALGA CHLORELLA SP.; HEAVY-METALS; GREEN-ALGA; WATER; ACCUMULATION; ADSORPTION; REDUCTION; COMPLEXES; BACTERIA AB In the present study, experiments were performed to investigate how representative cellulosic breakdown products, when serving as growth substrates under aerobic conditions, affect hexavalent uranyl cation (UO22+) toxicity and bioaccumulation within a Pseudomonas sp. isolate (designated isolate A). Isolate A taken from the Cold Test Pit South (CTPS) region of the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID, USA. The INL houses low-level uranium-contaminated cellulosic material and understanding how this material, and specifically its breakdown products, affect U-bacterial interactions is important for understanding UO22+ fate and mobility. Toxicity was modeled using a generalized Monod expression. Butyrate, dextrose, ethanol, and lactate served as growth substrates. The potential contribution of bicarbonate species present in high concentrations was also investigated and compared with toxicity and bioaccumulation patterns seen in low-bicarbonate conditions. Isolate A was significantly more sensitive to UO22+ and accumulated significantly more UO22+ in low-bicarbonate concentrations. In addition, UO22+ growth inhibition and bioaccumulation varied depending on the growth substrate. In the presence of high bicarbonate concentrations, sensitivity to UO22+ inhibition was greatly mitigated, and did not vary between the four substrates tested. The extent of UO22+ accumulation was also diminished. The observed patterns were related to UO22+ aqueous complexation, as predicted by MINTEQ (ver. 2.52) (Easton, PA, USA). In the low bicarbonate medium, the presence of positively charged and unstable UO22+-hydroxide complexes explained both the greater sensitivity of isolate A to UO22+, and the ability of isolate A to accumulate significant amounts of UO22+. The exclusive presence of negatively charged and stable UO22+-carbonate complexes in the high hi-carbonate medium explained the diminished sensitivity of isolate A to UO22+ toxicity, and limited ability of isolate A to accumulate UO22+. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:763-769. (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [VanEngelen, Michael R.; Gerlach, Robin; Peyton, Brent M.] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [VanEngelen, Michael R.; Field, Erin K.; Gerlach, Robin; Peyton, Brent M.] Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Field, Erin K.] Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Lee, Brady D.; Apel, William A.] Idaho Natl Lab, Biol Syst Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Peyton, BM (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM bpeyton@coe.montana.edu RI Gerlach, Robin/A-9474-2012; Peyton, Brent/G-5247-2015 OI Peyton, Brent/0000-0003-0033-0651 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-FG02-06ER64206]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC07-051D14517] FX The authors at Montana State University gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Environmental Remediation Science Program (ERSP) contract DE-FG02-06ER64206. The INL portion of the work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for the Office of Science, ERSP, under DOE-NE Idaho Operations Office contract number DE-AC07-051D14517. Laboratory facilities and support were provided by the Chemical and Biological Engineering Department and the Center for Biofilm Engineering at Montana State University. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2010 VL 29 IS 4 BP 763 EP 769 DI 10.1002/etc.126 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 582NI UT WOS:000276604100002 PM 20821504 ER PT J AU Swaminathan, S Ziebert, F Aranson, IS Karpeev, D AF Swaminathan, S. Ziebert, F. Aranson, I. S. Karpeev, D. TI Patterns and intrinsic fluctuations in semi-dilute motor-filament systems SO EPL LA English DT Article ID SELF-ORGANIZATION; MOLECULAR MOTORS; MICROTUBULES; GELS AB We perform Brownian dynamics simulations of molecular motor-induced ordering and structure formations in semi-dilute cytoskeletal. lament solutions. In contrast to the previously studied dilute case where binary. lament interactions prevail, the semi-dilute regime is characterized by multiple motor-mediated interactions. Moreover, the forces and torques exerted by motors on. laments are intrinsically fluctuating quantities. We incorporate the influences of thermal and motor fluctuations into our model as additive and multiplicative noises, respectively. Numerical simulations reveal that. lament bundles and vortices emerge from a disordered initial state. Subsequent analysis of motor noise effects reveals: i) Pattern formation is very robust against fluctuations in motor force; ii) bundle formation is associated with a significant reduction of the motor fluctuation contributions; iii) the time scale of vortex formation and coalescence decreases with increases in motor noise amplitude. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2010 C1 [Swaminathan, S.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. [Swaminathan, S.; Aranson, I. S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ziebert, F.] ESPCI, UMR CNRS Gulliver 7083, F-75231 Paris, France. [Karpeev, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Swaminathan, S (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci, 2220 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. EM sumanthswaminathan2010@u.northwestern.edu RI Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DEAC02-06CH11357]; Northwestern University Nonequilibrium Research Center (NERC) [DE-SC0000989]; German Science Foundation (DFG) FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, under the Contract No. DEAC02-06CH11357. This paper was revised and redrafted with funding from the Northwestern University Nonequilibrium Research Center (NERC) - Award No. DE-SC0000989 - with the advisement of MONICA OLVERA DE LA CRUZ. FZ acknowledges funding by the German Science Foundation (DFG). NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD APR PY 2010 VL 90 IS 2 AR 28001 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/90/28001 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 615FK UT WOS:000279119000032 ER PT J AU Theodoly, O Checco, A Muller, P AF Theodoly, O. Checco, A. Muller, P. TI Charged diblock copolymers at interfaces: Micelle dissociation upon compression SO EPL LA English DT Article ID AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; AIR/WATER INTERFACE; POLYELECTROLYTE BRUSHES; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; SURFACE MICELLE; FIELD THEORY; MONOLAYERS; AGGREGATION; SIMULATIONS; OXIDE) AB We use grazing incidence X-ray scattering to study the surface micellization of charged amphiphilic diblock copolymers poly(styrene-block-acrylic acid) at the air-water interface. Scattering interference peaks are consistent with the formation of hexagonally packed micelles. The remarkable increase of inter-micelle distance upon compression is explained by a dissociation of micelles into a brush. Hence, surface micelles reorganize, whereas micelles of the same copolymers in solutions are "frozen". We show indeed that the energetic cost of unimer extraction from micelles is much lower for surface than for solution. Finally, a model combining electrostatic interactions and micelle/brush equilibrium explains surface pressure vs. area without free parameters. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2010 C1 [Theodoly, O.; Muller, P.] CNRS, UMR 166, Complex Fluids Lab, Bristol, PA 19007 USA. [Theodoly, O.] CNRS, INSERM, U600, Lab Adhes & Inflammat,UMR 6212, F-13009 Marseille, France. [Theodoly, O.] Aix Marseille Univ, Fac Sci Med Pharm, F-13000 Marseille, France. [Checco, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Muller, P.] Univ Strasbourg, Inst Charles Sadron, CNRS, UPR 22, F-67034 Strasbourg 2, France. RP Theodoly, O (reprint author), CNRS, UMR 166, Complex Fluids Lab, 350 George Patterson Blvd, Bristol, PA 19007 USA. EM pierre.muller@ics-cnrs.unistra.fr RI Muller, Pierre/D-2352-2010; theodoly, olivier/P-5402-2016 OI Muller, Pierre/0000-0002-5779-9146; FU Rhodia Inc.; U.S. Department of Energy, the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors acknowledge valuable discussions with C. Marques and B. OCKO. The work was supported by Rhodia Inc. and, for the part performed at Brookhaven National Laboratory, by the U.S. Department of Energy, the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under award DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD APR PY 2010 VL 90 IS 2 AR 28004 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/90/28004 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 615FK UT WOS:000279119000035 ER PT J AU Radakovits, R Jinkerson, RE Darzins, A Posewitz, MC AF Radakovits, Randor Jinkerson, Robert E. Darzins, Al Posewitz, Matthew C. TI Genetic Engineering of Algae for Enhanced Biofuel Production SO EUKARYOTIC CELL LA English DT Review ID DIATOM PHAEODACTYLUM-TRICORNUTUM; ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; ACID BETA-OXIDATION; CHLOROPHYLL ANTENNA SIZE; SEED OIL CONTENT; STABLE NUCLEAR TRANSFORMATION; CARRIER PROTEIN THIOESTERASE; BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER; CYANIDIOSCHYZON-MEROLAE 10D AB There are currently intensive global research efforts aimed at increasing and modifying the accumulation of lipids, alcohols, hydrocarbons, polysaccharides, and other energy storage compounds in photosynthetic organisms, yeast, and bacteria through genetic engineering. Many improvements have been realized, including increased lipid and carbohydrate production, improved H(2) yields, and the diversion of central metabolic intermediates into fungible biofuels. Photosynthetic microorganisms are attracting considerable interest within these efforts due to their relatively high photosynthetic conversion efficiencies, diverse metabolic capabilities, superior growth rates, and ability to store or secrete energy-rich hydrocarbons. Relative to cyanobacteria, eukaryotic microalgae possess several unique metabolic attributes of relevance to biofuel production, including the accumulation of significant quantities of triacylglycerol; the synthesis of storage starch (amylopectin and amylose), which is similar to that found in higher plants; and the ability to efficiently couple photosynthetic electron transport to H(2) production. Although the application of genetic engineering to improve energy production phenotypes in eukaryotic microalgae is in its infancy, significant advances in the development of genetic manipulation tools have recently been achieved with microalgal model systems and are being used to manipulate central carbon metabolism in these organisms. It is likely that many of these advances can be extended to industrially relevant organisms. This review is focused on potential avenues of genetic engineering that may be undertaken in order to improve microalgae as a biofuel platform for the production of biohydrogen, starch-derived alcohols, diesel fuel surrogates, and/or alkanes. C1 [Radakovits, Randor; Jinkerson, Robert E.; Posewitz, Matthew C.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Darzins, Al] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Posewitz, MC (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM mposewit@mines.edu RI James, Gabriel/F-7739-2011 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-05-1-0365]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy FX We acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant FA9550-05-1-0365 and the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, GTL program, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 216 TC 377 Z9 398 U1 44 U2 444 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1535-9778 J9 EUKARYOT CELL JI Eukaryot. Cell PD APR PY 2010 VL 9 IS 4 BP 486 EP 501 DI 10.1128/EC.00364-09 PG 16 WC Microbiology; Mycology SC Microbiology; Mycology GA 579KR UT WOS:000276369600002 PM 20139239 ER PT J AU Morelhao, SL Coelho, PG Honnicke, MG AF Morelhao, Sergio L. Coelho, Paulo G. Honnicke, Marcelo G. TI Synchrotron X-ray imaging via ultra-small-angle scattering: principles of quantitative analysis and application in studying bone integration to synthetic grafting materials SO EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL WITH BIOPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Synchrotron; Ultra-small-angle scattering; Bone; Grafting material; In vivo ID RADIOGRAPHY AB Optimized experimental conditions for extracting accurate information at subpixel length scales from analyzer-based X-ray imaging were obtained and applied to investigate bone regeneration by means of synthetic beta-TCP grafting materials in a rat calvaria model. The results showed a 30% growth in the particulate size due to bone ongrowth/ingrowth within the critical size defect over a 1-month healing period. C1 [Coelho, Paulo G.] NYU, Dept Biomat & Biomimet, New York, NY 10012 USA. [Morelhao, Sergio L.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-01498 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Honnicke, Marcelo G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS II, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Coelho, PG (reprint author), NYU, Dept Biomat & Biomimet, New York, NY 10012 USA. EM morelhao@if.usp.br; pgcoelho@nyu.edu; mhonnicke@bnl.gov RI Morelhao, Sergio L./G-2947-2012; Honnicke, Marcelo/I-8624-2012 OI Morelhao, Sergio L./0000-0003-1643-0948; FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; NIH [R01 AR48292] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Z. Zhong for valuable discussions and Dean Connor Jr. for the expert technical assistance. Research was supported by the Brazilian agency FAPESP and CNPq. Use of the X15A beamline was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886 and by NIH grant R01 AR48292. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7571 J9 EUR BIOPHYS J BIOPHY JI Eur. Biophys. J. Biophys. Lett. PD APR PY 2010 VL 39 IS 5 BP 861 EP 865 DI 10.1007/s00249-009-0541-y PG 5 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 576FR UT WOS:000276130200011 PM 19784835 ER PT J AU Signorini, C Pierroutsakou, D Martin, B Mazzocco, M Glodariu, T Bonetti, R Guglielmetti, A La Commara, M Romoli, M Sandoli, M Vardaci, E Esbensen, H Farinon, F Molini, P Parascandolo, C Soramel, F Sidortchuk, S Stroe, L AF Signorini, C. Pierroutsakou, D. Martin, B. Mazzocco, M. Glodariu, T. Bonetti, R. Guglielmetti, A. La Commara, M. Romoli, M. Sandoli, M. Vardaci, E. Esbensen, H. Farinon, F. Molini, P. Parascandolo, C. Soramel, F. Sidortchuk, S. Stroe, L. TI Interaction of F-17 with a Pb-208 target below the Coulomb barrier SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC-SCATTERING; HALO NUCLEI; FUSION; THRESHOLD; ENERGIES; SYSTEM; BREAKUP; BEAMS AB The interaction of loosely bound (S-p = 600 keV) F-17 ions with a Pb-208 target was studied at E-lab = 86MeV, below the Coulomb barrier, by measuring the differential cross-section for the quasielastic scattering and the cross-section for the exclusive breakup process F-17 -> O-16 + p. The small reaction and exclusive breakup cross-sections confirm the small reactivity of this system, even at low energy, and indicates that the F-17 small binding energy plays a minor role in the reaction dynamics. C1 [Signorini, C.; Mazzocco, M.; Molini, P.; Soramel, F.] Dept Phys, I-35129 Padua, Italy. [Signorini, C.; Mazzocco, M.; Molini, P.; Soramel, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35129 Padua, Italy. [Pierroutsakou, D.; Romoli, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [Martin, B.; La Commara, M.; Sandoli, M.; Vardaci, E.; Parascandolo, C.] Dept Phys Sci, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [Glodariu, T.; Stroe, L.] NIPNE, Magurele 077125, Romania. [Bonetti, R.; Guglielmetti, A.] Dept Phys, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Bonetti, R.; Guglielmetti, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Esbensen, H.] ANL Phys Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Farinon, F.] GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Sidortchuk, S.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, FLNR, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Signorini, C (reprint author), Dept Phys, Via Marzolo 8, I-35129 Padua, Italy. EM signorini@pd.infn.it RI Glodariu, Tudor/F-6676-2011; Mazzocco, Marco/J-4393-2012; Stroe, Lucian/A-3290-2009 OI Stroe, Lucian/0000-0002-9306-3937 FU CNCSIS-UEFISCSU; EURONS program; US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH113457]; [181/2007]; [PNCDI-2-ID 363] FX T. G. and L. S. acknowledge a partial financial support in the frame of the contract 181/2007, PNCDI-2-ID 363, CNCSIS-UEFISCSU. The support in the frame of the EURONS program is also gratefully acknowledged. H. E is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under the Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH113457. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD APR PY 2010 VL 44 IS 1 BP 63 EP 69 DI 10.1140/epja/i2010-10934-x PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 580HM UT WOS:000276438700007 ER PT J AU Huang, F Sibirtsev, A Haidenbauer, J Krewald, S Meissner, UG AF Huang, F. Sibirtsev, A. Haidenbauer, J. Krewald, S. Meissner, U. -G. TI Backward pion-nucleon scattering SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID P ELASTIC-SCATTERING; 10 GEV-C; LARGE-ANGLE SCATTERING; COMPLEX REGGE-POLES; POLARIZATION PARAMETER; BARYON-EXCHANGE; CHARGE-EXCHANGE; NEGATIVE PIONS; CROSS-SECTION; HIGH ENERGIES AB A global analysis of the world data on differential cross-sections and polarization asymmetries of backward pion-nucleon scattering for invariant collision energies above 3 GeV is performed in a Regge model. Including the N alpha, N(gamma), Delta(delta) and Delta(beta) trajectories, we reproduce both angular distributions and polarization data for small values of the Mandelstam variable u, in contrast to previous analyses. The model amplitude is used to obtain evidence for baryon resonances with mass below 3 GeV. Our analysis suggests a G(39)-resonance with a mass of 2.83 GeV as member of the Delta(beta)-trajectory from the corresponding Chew-Frautschi plot. C1 [Huang, F.] Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sibirtsev, A.; Meissner, U. -G.] Univ Bonn, Helmholtz Inst Strahlen & Kernphys Theorie, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Sibirtsev, A.; Meissner, U. -G.] Univ Bonn, Bethe Ctr Theoret Phys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Sibirtsev, A.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Excited Baryon Anal Ctr, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Haidenbauer, J.; Krewald, S.; Meissner, U. -G.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Haidenbauer, J.; Krewald, S.; Meissner, U. -G.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich Ctr Hadron Phys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Haidenbauer, J.; Krewald, S.; Meissner, U. -G.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Adv Simulat, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Huang, F (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM j.haidenbauer@fz-juelich.de RI Huang, Fei/C-4081-2013; OI Huang, Fei/0000-0002-6258-7455; Krewald, Siegfried/0000-0002-8596-8429 NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD APR PY 2010 VL 44 IS 1 BP 81 EP 92 DI 10.1140/epja/i2010-10930-2 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 580HM UT WOS:000276438700010 ER PT J AU Li, HF Su, Y Chatterji, T Nefedov, A Persson, J Meuffels, P Xiao, Y Vaknin, D Bruckel, T AF Li, H. -F. Su, Y. Chatterji, Tapan Nefedov, A. Persson, J. Meuffels, P. Xiao, Y. Vaknin, D. Brueckel, Th. TI Soft X-ray resonant scattering study of single-crystal LaSr2Mn2O7 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID CHARGE; DIFFRACTION; MANGANITES; INTERPLAY; SPIN AB Soft X-ray resonant scattering studies at the Mn L-II,L- III- and the La M-IV,M- V- edges of single-crystal LaSr2Mn2O7 are reported. At low temperatures, below T-N a parts per thousand 160 K, energy scans with a fixed momentum transfer at the A-type antiferromagnetic (0 0 1) reflection around the Mn L-II,L- III-edges with incident linear sigma and pi polarizations show strong resonant enhancements. The splitting of the energy spectra around the Mn L-II,L- III-edges may indicate the presence of a mixed valence state, e.g., Mn3+/Mn4+. The relative intensities of the resonance and the clear shoulder-feature as well as the strong incident sigma and pi polarization dependences strongly indicate its complex electronic origin. Unexpected enhancement of the charge Bragg (0 0 2) reflection at the La M-IV,M- V-edges with sigma polarization has been observed up to 300 K, with an anomaly appearing around the orbital-ordering transition temperature, T-OO a parts per thousand 220 K, suggesting a strong coupling (competition) between them. C1 [Li, H. -F.; Su, Y.; Chatterji, Tapan; Persson, J.; Meuffels, P.; Xiao, Y.; Brueckel, Th.] Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Chatterji, Tapan] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Nefedov, A.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys Festkorperphys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Li, H. -F.; Vaknin, D.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Li, H. -F.; Vaknin, D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Li, HF (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM h.f.li@hotmail.com RI Li, Haifeng/F-9743-2013; Bruckel, Thomas/J-2968-2013; Xiao, Yinguo/N-9069-2015; Vaknin, David/B-3302-2009; OI Bruckel, Thomas/0000-0003-1378-0416; Vaknin, David/0000-0002-0899-9248; Chatterji, Tapan/0000-0002-2303-8904 FU BMBF [O3ZA6BC2] FX We are grateful for the excellent technical support from BESSY-II, Germany. This work was partially supported by the BMBF under contract No. O3ZA6BC2. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6028 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD APR PY 2010 VL 74 IS 4 BP 457 EP 461 DI 10.1140/epjb/e2010-00117-3 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 586IK UT WOS:000276900000005 ER PT J AU De Roeck, A Ellis, J Grojean, C Heinemeyer, S Jakobs, K Weiglein, G Wells, J Azuelos, G Dawson, S Gripaios, B Han, T Hewett, J Lancaster, M Mariotti, C Moortgat, F Moortgat-Pick, G Polesello, G Riemann, S Schumacher, M Assamagan, K Bechtle, P Carena, M Chachamis, G Chen, KF De Curtis, S Desch, K Dittmar, M Dreiner, H Duhrssen, M Foster, B Frandsen, MT Giammanco, A Godbole, R Gopalakrishna, S Govoni, P Gunion, J Hollik, W Hou, WS Isidori, G Juste, A Kalinowski, J Korytov, A Kou, E Kraml, S Krawczyk, M Martin, A Milstead, D Morton-Thurtle, V Moenig, K Mele, B Ozcan, E Pieri, M Plehn, T Reina, L Richter-Was, E Rizzo, T Rolbiecki, K Sannino, F Schram, M Smillie, J Sultansoy, S Tattersall, J Uwer, P Webber, B Wienemann, P AF De Roeck, A. Ellis, J. Grojean, C. Heinemeyer, S. Jakobs, K. Weiglein, G. Wells, J. Azuelos, G. Dawson, S. Gripaios, B. Han, T. Hewett, J. Lancaster, M. Mariotti, C. Moortgat, F. Moortgat-Pick, G. Polesello, G. Riemann, S. Schumacher, M. Assamagan, K. Bechtle, P. Carena, M. Chachamis, G. Chen, K. F. De Curtis, S. Desch, K. Dittmar, M. Dreiner, H. Duehrssen, M. Foster, B. Frandsen, M. T. Giammanco, A. Godbole, R. Gopalakrishna, S. Govoni, P. Gunion, J. Hollik, W. Hou, W. S. Isidori, G. Juste, A. Kalinowski, J. Korytov, A. Kou, E. Kraml, S. Krawczyk, M. Martin, A. Milstead, D. Morton-Thurtle, V. Moenig, K. Mele, B. Ozcan, E. Pieri, M. Plehn, T. Reina, L. Richter-Was, E. Rizzo, T. Rolbiecki, K. Sannino, F. Schram, M. Smillie, J. Sultansoy, S. Tattersall, J. Uwer, P. Webber, B. Wienemann, P. TI From the LHC to future colliders SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Review ID LARGE HADRON COLLIDER; ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING; HIGGS-BOSON PRODUCTION; EFFECTIVE-FIELD THEORY; ULTRA HEAVY FERMIONS; LINEAR COLLIDER; STANDARD-MODEL; CERN LHC; TAU-POLARIZATION; NEUTRINO MASSES AB Discoveries at the LHC will soon set the physics agenda for future colliders. This report of a CERN Theory Institute includes the summaries of Working Groups that reviewed the physics goals and prospects of LHC running with 10 to 300 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity, of the proposed sLHC luminosity upgrade, of the ILC, of CLIC, of the LHeC and of a muon collider. The four Working Groups considered possible scenarios for the first 10 fb(-1) of data at the LHC in which (i) a state with properties that are compatible with a Higgs boson is discovered, (ii) no such state is discovered either because the Higgs properties are such that it is difficult to detect or because no Higgs boson exists, (iii) a missing-energy signal beyond the Standard Model is discovered as in some supersymmetric models, and (iv) some other exotic signature of new physics is discovered. In the contexts of these scenarios, the Working Groups reviewed the capabilities of the future colliders to study in more detail whatever new physics may be discovered by the LHC. Their reports provide the particle physics community with some tools for reviewing the scientific priorities for future colliders after the LHC produces its first harvest of new physics from multi-TeV collisions. C1 [De Roeck, A.; Ellis, J.; Grojean, C.; Wells, J.; Gripaios, B.; Dittmar, M.] CERN, Dept Phys, Geneva, Switzerland. [De Roeck, A.] Univ Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. [Grojean, C.] CEA, Saclay, France. [Heinemeyer, S.] CSIC UC, Inst Fis Cantabria, Santander, Spain. [Jakobs, K.; Duehrssen, M.] Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, Freiburg, Germany. [Weiglein, G.; Moortgat-Pick, G.; Morton-Thurtle, V.; Rolbiecki, K.; Smillie, J.; Tattersall, J.] Univ Durham, IPPP, Durham, England. [Azuelos, G.] Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Azuelos, G.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Dawson, S.; Assamagan, K.; Gopalakrishna, S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Han, T.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hewett, J.; Rizzo, T.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Lancaster, M.; Ozcan, E.] UCL, London, England. [Mariotti, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Moortgat, F.] ETH Honggerberg, Dept Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Polesello, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Moenig, K.] DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. [Riemann, S.; Bechtle, P.] DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. [Carena, M.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Chachamis, G.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland. [Chen, K. F.; Hou, W. S.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei, Taiwan. [De Curtis, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, Florence, Italy. [De Curtis, S.] Univ Florence, Dept Phys, I-50121 Florence, Italy. [Desch, K.; Dreiner, H.; Wienemann, P.] Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Dreiner, H.] Univ Bonn, Bethe Ctr Theoret Phys, Bonn, Germany. [Frandsen, M. T.; Sannino, F.] Univ So Denmark, Origins CP3, Odense, Denmark. [Frandsen, M. T.] Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Oxford, England. [Giammanco, A.] Catholic Univ Louvain, CP3, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Godbole, R.] Indian Inst Sci, Ctr High Energy Phys, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Govoni, P.] INFN Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. [Govoni, P.] Univ Milan, Milan, Italy. [Gunion, J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA USA. [Hollik, W.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Werner Heisenberg Inst, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Isidori, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Kalinowski, J.; Krawczyk, M.] Univ Warsaw, Dept Phys, Warsaw, Poland. [Korytov, A.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Kou, E.] Univ Paris 11, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, Orsay, France. [Kraml, S.] UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS, LPSC, IN2P3, Grenoble, France. [Martin, A.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, Sloane Lab, New Haven, CT USA. [Milstead, D.] Stockholms Univ, Stockholm, Sweden. [Mele, B.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, Rome, Italy. [Mele, B.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. [Pieri, M.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Plehn, T.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. [Reina, L.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Richter-Was, E.] Jagellonian Univ, Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Richter-Was, E.] IFJ PAN, Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Schram, M.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Sultansoy, S.] TOBB Univ Econ & Technol, Div Phys, Ankara, Turkey. [Uwer, P.] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Berlin, Germany. [Webber, B.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Foster, B.] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. RP De Roeck, A (reprint author), CERN, Dept Phys, Geneva, Switzerland. EM christophe.grojean@cern.ch RI Krawczyk, Maria/B-3184-2012; Govoni, Pietro/K-9619-2016; Rolbiecki, Krzysztof/A-5402-2017; Chachamis, Grigorios/B-3351-2017; Juste, Aurelio/I-2531-2015; OI Sannino, Francesco/0000-0003-2361-5326; grojean, christophe/0000-0002-7196-7361; Govoni, Pietro/0000-0002-0227-1301; Rolbiecki, Krzysztof/0000-0002-9645-9670; Chachamis, Grigorios/0000-0003-0347-0879; Mele, Barbara/0000-0002-9912-442X; Lancaster, Mark/0000-0002-8872-7292; Webber, Bryan/0000-0001-7474-0990; Juste, Aurelio/0000-0002-1558-3291; Dawson, Sally/0000-0002-5598-695X; Han, Tao/0000-0002-5543-0716 FU CERN TH unit; 'MassTeV' ERC [226371]; European Community [MRTN-CT-2006-035505, MRTN-CT-2006-035657]; DOE [DE-FGO2-96-ER40956]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515]; Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK FX The CERN TH Institute has been funded by the CERN TH unit and by 'MassTeV' ERC advanced grant 226371. This work has been supported in part by the European Community's Marie-Curie Research Training Network under contract MRTN-CT-2006-035505 'Tools and Precision Calculations for Physics Discoveries at Colliders' (HEPTOOLS) and MRTN-CT-2006-035657 'Understanding the Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and the Origin of Mass using the First Data of ATLAS' (ARTEMIS). This work was supported in part by the DOE under Task TeV of contract DE-FGO2-96-ER40956. J.H. and T.R. were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. M.L. was supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK. NR 287 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD APR PY 2010 VL 66 IS 3-4 BP 525 EP 583 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1244-3 PG 59 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 580VZ UT WOS:000276479900015 ER PT J AU Song, B Antoun, BR Nie, X Chen, W AF Song, B. Antoun, B. R. Nie, X. Chen, W. TI High-rate Characterization of 304L Stainless Steel at Elevated Temperatures for Recrystallization Investigation SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB); Elevated temperature; 304L stainless steel; Dynamic response; Recrystallization ID HOPKINSON PRESSURE BAR; STRAIN RATE; SHPB; SPECIMENS; FLOW AB An integrated experimental technique was developed for high-rate mechanical characterization of 304L stainless steel at elevated temperatures by using a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). A sandwich structure consisting of two platens and the specimen in between was heated before mechanical loading while the bars were maintained at room temperature to eliminate the temperature gradient effect on the wave propagation in the bars. Upon contacting the cold bars, temperature gradients form in the platens, leaving the temperature in specimen constant and uniform. Pulse shaping techniques were employed to maintain constant strain-rate deformation and dynamic stress equilibrium in the specimen. Dynamic compressive stress-strain curves at elevated temperatures for the 304L stainless steel were obtained. To relate recrystallization to impact loading, a momentum trapping system was employed to apply a single loading on the specimen during one dynamic experiment. We also controlled the quenching time to study its effect on recrystallization. C1 [Song, B.; Antoun, B. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Nie, X.; Chen, W.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Chen, W.] Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Song, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM bsong@sandia.gov RI Song, Bo/D-3945-2011 FU Sandia National Laboratories; Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Company; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-91AL85000] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Chul Jin Syn for his assistance in dynamic experiments. This work was performed at Purdue University and supported by Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-91AL85000. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD APR PY 2010 VL 50 IS 4 BP 553 EP 560 DI 10.1007/s11340-009-9253-6 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 568TY UT WOS:000275547000013 ER PT J AU Berman, HM Westbrook, J Gabanyi, M Tao, YP Shah, R Schwede, T Arnold, K Kiefer, F Bordoli, L Adams, P Carter, L Minor, W LaBaer, J AF Berman, Helen M. Westbrook, John Gabanyi, Margaret Tao, Yi-Ping Shah, Raship Schwede, Torsten Arnold, Konstantin Kiefer, Florian Bordoli, Lorenza Adams, Paul Carter, Lester Minor, Wladek LaBaer, Joshua TI HOW TO USE THE PSI STRUCTURAL GENOMICS KNOWLEDGEBASE TO ENABLE RESEARCH SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Berman, Helen M.; Westbrook, John; Gabanyi, Margaret; Tao, Yi-Ping; Shah, Raship] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Schwede, Torsten; Arnold, Konstantin; Kiefer, Florian; Bordoli, Lorenza] Univ Basel, Swiss Inst Bioinformat, Basel, Switzerland. [Adams, Paul; Carter, Lester] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Minor, Wladek] Univ Virginia, Dept Mol Physiol & Biol Phys, Charlottesville, VA USA. [LaBaer, Joshua] Arizone State Univ, Biodesign Inst, Tempe, AZ USA. RI Minor, Wladek/F-3096-2014; Carter, Lester/G-6561-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V28IW UT WOS:000208675506688 ER PT J AU Borgaro, J Liu, L Hooker, J Tonge, P AF Borgaro, Janine Liu, Li Hooker, Jacob Tonge, Peter TI The Use of Short lived Isotopes for Exploring Drug Binding Partners of Isoniazid in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Borgaro, Janine; Liu, Li; Tonge, Peter] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Hooker, Jacob] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V28IW UT WOS:000208675504192 ER PT J AU Cheng, KC Clark, DP Thomas, GK Canada, B Peckins, S Cheng, AM Barno, E Copper, J Tatiparthi, A Sledz, T Canfield, V Xiao, XH deCarlo, F La Riviere, P Liu, YX Wang, JZ Amsterdam, A Hopkins, N AF Cheng, Keith C. Clark, Darin P. Thomas, Georgia K. Canada, Brian Peckins, Steven Cheng, Anthony M. Barno, Eileen Copper, Jean Tatiparthi, Arun Sledz, Timothy Canfield, Victor Xiao, Xianghui deCarlo, Francesco La Riviere, Patrick Liu, Yanxi Wang, James Z. Amsterdam, Adam Hopkins, Nancy TI Morphogenetic Profiles in Micron Length Scales for Genetics and Systems Biology SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cheng, Keith C.; Canfield, Victor] Penn State Coll Med, Hershey, PA USA. [Clark, Darin P.; Peckins, Steven; Barno, Eileen; Copper, Jean] Penn State Coll Med, Jake Gittlen Canc Res Fdn, Hershey, PA USA. [Thomas, Georgia K.] Penn State Coll Med, Cell & Mol Biol Grad Program, Hershey, PA USA. [Canada, Brian] Penn State Univ, Grad Program Bioinformat & Genom, Hershey, PA USA. [Cheng, Anthony M.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Tatiparthi, Arun; Sledz, Timothy] Microphoton, Allentown, PA USA. [Xiao, Xianghui; deCarlo, Francesco] Argonne Natl Labs, Argonne, IL USA. [La Riviere, Patrick] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Liu, Yanxi; Wang, James Z.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Amsterdam, Adam; Hopkins, Nancy] MIT, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V28IW UT WOS:000208675506758 ER PT J AU Cong, Y Baker, ML Jakana, J Woolford, D Miller, EJ Reissmann, S Kumar, RN Redding-Johanson, AM Batth, TS Mukhopadhyay, A Ludtke, SJ Frydman, J Chiu, W AF Cong, Yao Baker, Matthew L. Jakana, Joanita Woolford, David Miller, Erik J. Reissmann, Stefanie Kumar, Ramya N. Redding-Johanson, Alyssa M. Batth, Tanveer S. Mukhopadhyay, Aindrila Ludtke, Steven J. Frydman, Judith Chiu, Wah TI 4.0 angstrom Resolution Cryo-EM Structure of the Mammalian Chaperonin TRiC/CCT Reveals its Unique Subunit Arrangement SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cong, Yao; Baker, Matthew L.; Jakana, Joanita; Woolford, David; Ludtke, Steven J.; Chiu, Wah] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Miller, Erik J.; Reissmann, Stefanie; Kumar, Ramya N.; Frydman, Judith] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Redding-Johanson, Alyssa M.; Batth, Tanveer S.; Mukhopadhyay, Aindrila] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V28IW UT WOS:000208675504142 ER PT J AU DeJongh, M Poel, NB Best, AA Henry, CS AF DeJongh, Matthew Poel, Nathan B. Best, Aaron A. Henry, Christopher S. TI Comparative analysis of genome-scale metabolic models for Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma parvum, and Mycoplasma hominis reveals novel routes through the Pentose Phosphate Pathway SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [DeJongh, Matthew; Poel, Nathan B.; Best, Aaron A.] Hope Coll, Holland, MI 49423 USA. [Henry, Christopher S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V28IW UT WOS:000208675500615 ER PT J AU Devkota, S Wang, YW Antonopoulos, D Chang, E AF Devkota, Suzanne Wang, Yunwei Antonopoulos, Dion Chang, Eugene TI Diets high in saturated fat increase intestinal inflammation associated with IBD via alterations in the microbiota SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Devkota, Suzanne] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Devkota, Suzanne; Wang, Yunwei; Chang, Eugene] Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Gastroenterol Sect, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Antonopoulos, Dion] Argonne Natl Lab, Inst Genom & Syst Biol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V28IW UT WOS:000208675501772 ER PT J AU Finney, L Wolford, J Jin, QL Chishti, Y Ward, J Vogt, S Chen, LH AF Finney, Lydia Wolford, Janet Jin, Qiaoling Chishti, Yasmin Ward, Jesse Vogt, Stefan Chen, Liaohai TI ELEMENTAL IMAGING OF HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Finney, Lydia; Ward, Jesse; Vogt, Stefan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Lemont, IL USA. [Finney, Lydia] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Biosci Div, Lemont, IL USA. [Wolford, Janet; Jin, Qiaoling; Chishti, Yasmin; Chen, Liaohai] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Lemont, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V28IW UT WOS:000208675507568 ER PT J AU Fowler, JS Wang, GJ Volkow, ND AF Fowler, Joanna S. Wang, Gene-Jack Volkow, Nora D. TI Imaging Brain Chemistry in Diseases of Addiction SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fowler, Joanna S.; Wang, Gene-Jack] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Volkow, Nora D.] NIDA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V28IW UT WOS:000208675500198 ER PT J AU Garrod, MG Miller, JW Calvert, CC Buchholz, BA Green, R Johnson, HA Allen, LH AF Garrod, Marjorie G. Miller, Joshua W. Calvert, Christopher C. Buchholz, Bruce A. Green, Ralph Johnson, Heidi A. Allen, Lindsay H. TI In vivo enrichment of chicken eggs with 14C-B12 for determining vitamin B12 bioavailability in humans SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Garrod, Marjorie G.; Allen, Lindsay H.] USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. [Miller, Joshua W.; Green, Ralph] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med Pathol & Lab Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Calvert, Christopher C.; Allen, Lindsay H.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Johnson, Heidi A.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Buchholz, Bruce A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V28IW UT WOS:000208675506594 ER PT J AU Greenlee, KJ Eubanks, H Kirkton, SD Lee, WK AF Greenlee, Kendra J. Eubanks, Haleigh Kirkton, Scott D. Lee, Wah-Keat TI Effects of body size and development on the hypoxia response of the caterpillar, Manduca sexta SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Greenlee, Kendra J.] N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Eubanks, Haleigh] Mississippi Valley State Univ, Itta Bena, MS USA. [Kirkton, Scott D.] Union Coll, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. [Lee, Wah-Keat] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V28IW UT WOS:000208675504499 ER PT J AU Grese, LN Stanley, C Rowe, E O'Neill, H Berthelier, V AF Grese, Laura Nicole Stanley, Christopher Rowe, Erica O'Neill, Hugh Berthelier, Valerie TI Investigating the structural flexibility of intrinsically disordered proteins SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Grese, Laura Nicole] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [Grese, Laura Nicole; Stanley, Christopher; Rowe, Erica] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [O'Neill, Hugh] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Struct & Mol Biol, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Rowe, Erica; Berthelier, Valerie] Univ Tennessee, Med Ctr, Grad Sch Med, Knoxville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V28IW UT WOS:000208675501893 ER PT J AU Hammel, M AF Hammel, Michal TI Ku and DNA-PK dynamic conformations and assembly regulate DNA binding and the initial NHEJ complex SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hammel, Michal] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V28IW UT WOS:000208675503100 ER PT J AU Hugenholtz, P AF Hugenholtz, Philip TI Is the future of metagenomics, genomics? SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hugenholtz, Philip] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V28IW UT WOS:000208675501849 ER PT J AU Joachimiak, A AF Joachimiak, Andrzej TI Metagenomics - the next structural frontier SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Struct Genom, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V28IW UT WOS:000208675507059 ER PT J AU Lang, W Majka, J Owen, B Klugland, A Bjoras, M McMurray, CT AF Lang, Walter Majka, Jerzy Owen, Barbara Klugland, Arne Bjoras, Magnar McMurray, Cynthia T. TI Cause and consequences of genome instability in Huntington's Disease SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lang, Walter; Majka, Jerzy; Owen, Barbara; McMurray, Cynthia T.] Lawrence Berkeley Labs, Life Sci Div, Berkeley, CA USA. [Klugland, Arne; Bjoras, Magnar] Univ Oslo, Natl Hosp, Inst Med Microbiol, Dept Mol Biol, Oslo, Norway. [McMurray, Cynthia T.] Mayo Clin, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Rochester, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V28IW UT WOS:000208675504214 ER PT J AU Liu, L Hooker, JM Fowler, JS Tonge, PJ AF Liu, Li Hooker, Jacob M. Fowler, Joanna S. Tonge, Peter J. TI Imaging the Distribution of Carbon-11 Labeled Rifampicin, Isoniazid and Pyrazinamide in Baboons using PET SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Liu, Li; Tonge, Peter J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Hooker, Jacob M.; Fowler, Joanna S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V28IW UT WOS:000208675506596 ER PT J AU Lucks, JB Qi, LS Mutalik, V Arkin, AP AF Lucks, Julius Beau Qi, Lei S. Mutalik, Vivek Arkin, Adam P. TI Engineering mRNA structural regulation of transcription using an RNA-sensing riboregulator SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lucks, Julius Beau; Qi, Lei S.; Arkin, Adam P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lucks, Julius Beau] Miller Inst Basic Res Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Mutalik, Vivek] Joint Bioenergy Inst, Emeryville, CA USA. [Arkin, Adam P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008; Lucks, Julius/L-2801-2016 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V28IW UT WOS:000208675502151 ER PT J AU Makowska-Grzyska, MM Zhang, RG Peterson, SN Joachimiak, A AF Makowska-Grzyska, Magdalena Maria Zhang, Rongguang Peterson, Scott N. Joachimiak, Andrzej TI Crystal Structure of FolD Bifunctional Protein, a Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/Cyclohydrolase from Campylobacter jejuni SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Makowska-Grzyska, Magdalena Maria; Joachimiak, Andrzej] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Zhang, Rongguang; Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Peterson, Scott N.] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V28IW UT WOS:000208675507347 ER PT J AU Rubin, EM AF Rubin, Edward M. TI Genomic approaches for enhancer identification SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rubin, Edward M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genome Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V28IW UT WOS:000208675501700 ER PT J AU Talley, TT Park, JF Wu, J Ho, KY Sankaran, B Taylor, P AF Talley, Todd T. Park, John F. Wu, Joshua Ho, Kwok-Yiu Sankaran, Banumathi Taylor, Palmer TI Crystallographic comparison of nicotinic ligands in complex with the acetylcholine binding protein SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Talley, Todd T.; Park, John F.; Wu, Joshua; Ho, Kwok-Yiu; Taylor, Palmer] Univ Calif San Diego, Skaggs Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Sankaran, Banumathi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley Ctr Struct Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V28IW UT WOS:000208675505310 ER PT J AU Tan, KM Tesar, C Wilton, R Keigher, L Babnigg, G Joachimiak, A AF Tan, Kemin Tesar, Christine Wilton, Rosemarie Keigher, Laura Babnigg, Gyorgy Joachimiak, Andrzej TI Novel alpha-glucosidase from Human Gut Microbiome-substrate specificity and switch. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tan, Kemin; Tesar, Christine; Wilton, Rosemarie; Keigher, Laura; Babnigg, Gyorgy; Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V28IW UT WOS:000208675506704 ER PT J AU Tonge, PJ Ende, CA Knudson, S Luckner, S Reddy, BG England, K Liu, L Borgaro, J Liu, NN Pan, P Lu, H Li, HJ Fowler, J Kisker, C Slayden, RA Hooker, J AF Tonge, Peter J. Ende, Christopher Am Knudson, Suan Luckner, Sylvia Reddy, B. Gopal England, Kathleen Liu, Li Borgaro, Janine Liu, Nina Pan, Pan Lu, Hao Li, Huei-Jiun Fowler, Joanna Kisker, Caroline Slayden, Richard A. Hooker, Jacob TI Slow Onset Inhibitors of Bacterial Fatty Acid Biosynthesis: Residence Time, In Vivo Activity and In Vivo Imaging SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tonge, Peter J.; Ende, Christopher Am; Reddy, B. Gopal; Liu, Li; Borgaro, Janine; Liu, Nina; Pan, Pan; Lu, Hao; Li, Huei-Jiun] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Knudson, Suan; England, Kathleen; Slayden, Richard A.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Luckner, Sylvia; Kisker, Caroline] Univ Wurzburg, Rudolf Virchow Ctr Biomed Res, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany. [Fowler, Joanna; Hooker, Jacob] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Slayden, Richard/O-8626-2016 OI Slayden, Richard/0000-0001-6857-7277 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V28IW UT WOS:000208675500178 ER PT J AU Roper, CD Clegg, TB Dunham, JD Mendez, AJ Tornow, W Walter, RL AF Roper, C. D. Clegg, T. B. Dunham, J. D. Mendez, A. J. Tornow, W. Walter, R. L. TI Improved Results for the H-2(d, n)(3) He Transverse Vector Polarization- Transfer Coefficient K-y(y)' (0 degrees) at Low Energies SO FEW-BODY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID ION-SOURCE; NEUTRON POLARIZATION; DOUBLE-SCATTERING; BEAM; D(D,N)HE-3 AB Measurements of the H-2(d, n)(3) He transverse vector polarization-transfer coefficient K-y(y)' at 0 degrees. are reported for 29 outgoing neutron energies between 3.94 and 8.47MeV. Our new results determine K-y(y)' (0 degrees) more accurately than previous data, especially for neutron energies below 5MeV. Low-energy data for this reaction are important both as a high-intensity source of highly polarized neutrons for nuclear physics studies with polarized neutron beams, and as a test of the emerging theoretical descriptions of the four-body system, where recently substantial progress has been made. C1 [Roper, C. D.; Dunham, J. D.; Tornow, W.; Walter, R. L.] Duke Univ, Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Clegg, T. B.; Mendez, A. J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, TUNL, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Mendez, A. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tornow, W (reprint author), Duke Univ, Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Dept Phys, POB 90308, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM tornow@tunl.duke.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-FG02-97ER41033, DE-FG02-97ER41041] FX This research was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics under Grants No. DE-FG02-97ER41033 and DE-FG02-97ER41041. The authors acknowledge A. S. Crowell's contributions to this work. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7963 J9 FEW-BODY SYST JI Few-Body Syst. PD APR PY 2010 VL 47 IS 3 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1007/s00601-009-0080-1 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 577XH UT WOS:000276256800004 ER PT J AU Park, S Do, H Jeong, JH Namkung, W Cho, MH Park, H Bae, YS Yang, HL Ellis, R Wilson, JR Hosea, J AF Park, S. Do, H. Jeong, J. H. Namkung, W. Cho, M. H. Park, H. Bae, Y. S. Yang, H. L. Ellis, R. Wilson, J. R. Hosea, J. TI Development status of KSTAR 5 GHz LHCD system SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE KSTAR LHCD; Klystron; LH launcher; KSTAR initial LHCD ID LOWER HYBRID FREQUENCY; DESIGN AB A steady-state lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) system is under development for advanced tokamak experiments of the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) device. The KSTAR 5 GHz steady-state LHCD system is being designed to couple an input power of 2 MW for 300 s generated by four 5 GHz klystrons. For the development of this system, there are two critical issues. One is the development of a 5 GHz CW klystron for the RF source of the system. The other is the design of a steady-state LH launcher with active water cooling. In this paper, the current status of the development and design for the KSTAR steady-state LHCD system is described. For the LHCD system, aiming at a basic experimental study of 5 GHz LH wave propagation and operational experience with an LHCD system, the installation of an initial LHCD system with a capacity of 0.5 MW for 2s is scheduled in 2010 using a 5 GHz prototype klystron and an un-cooled 1 MW launcher. The design and progress for the initial LHCD system are also presented. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bae, Y. S.; Yang, H. L.] Natl Fus Res Inst, Taejon 305333, South Korea. [Park, S.; Do, H.; Jeong, J. H.; Namkung, W.; Cho, M. H.; Park, H.] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Ellis, R.; Wilson, J. R.; Hosea, J.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Bae, YS (reprint author), Natl Fus Res Inst, Taejon 305333, South Korea. EM ysbae@nfri.re.kr FU Ministry of Education, Science and Technology FX This work is supported by Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD APR PY 2010 VL 85 IS 2 BP 197 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2009.12.004 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 595WK UT WOS:000277644100007 ER PT J AU Dragojlovic, Z Raffray, AR Najmabadi, F Kessel, C Waganer, L El-Guebaly, L Bromberg, L AF Dragojlovic, Zoran Raffray, A. Rene Najmabadi, Farrokh Kessel, Charles Waganer, Lester El-Guebaly, Laila Bromberg, Leslie TI An advanced computational algorithm for systems analysis of tokamak power plants SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE ARIES; Systems code; Economic analysis; Cost of electricity; Fusion power plants ID ARIES-AT; THRESHOLD DATABASE; DESIGN POINT; NEUTRONICS; SELECTION; ENERGY AB A new computational algorithm for tokamak power plant system analysis is being developed for the ARIES project. The objective of this algorithm is to explore the most influential parameters in the physical, technological and economic trade space related to the developmental transition from experimental facilities to viable commercial power plants. This endeavor is being pursued as a new approach to tokamak systems studies, which examines an expansive, multi-dimensional trade space as opposed to traditional sensitivity analyses about a baseline design point. The new ARIES systems code consists of adaptable modules which are built from a custom-made software toolbox using object-oriented programming. The physics module captures the current tokamak physics knowledge database including modeling of the most-current proposed burning plasma experiment design (FIRE). The engineering model accurately reflects the intent and design detail of the power core elements including accurate and adjustable 3D tokamak geometry and complete modeling of all the power core and ancillary systems. Existing physics and engineering models reflect both near-term as well as advanced technology solutions that have higher performance potential. To fully assess the impact of the range of physics and engineering implementations, the plant cost accounts have been revised to reflect a more functional cost structure, supported by an updated set of costing algorithms for the direct, indirect, and financial cost accounts. All of these features have been validated against the existing ARIES-AT baseline case. The present results demonstrate visualization techniques that provide an insight into trade space assessment of attractive steady-state tokamaks for commercial use. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dragojlovic, Zoran; Raffray, A. Rene; Najmabadi, Farrokh] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kessel, Charles] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [El-Guebaly, Laila] Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI USA. [Bromberg, Leslie] MIT, Ctr Plasma Fus, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Dragojlovic, Z (reprint author), 1800 S Maple St,Apartment 214, Escondido, CA 92025 USA. EM zoran@fusion.ucsd.edu FU United States Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy [DE-FC03-95ER54299] FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy DE-FC03-95ER54299. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 EI 1873-7196 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD APR PY 2010 VL 85 IS 2 BP 243 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2010.02.015 PG 23 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 595WK UT WOS:000277644100013 ER PT J AU Shapiro, MA Kowalski, EJ Sirigiri, JR Tax, DS Temkin, RJ Bigelow, TS Caughman, JB Rasmussen, DA AF Shapiro, M. A. Kowalski, E. J. Sirigiri, J. R. Tax, D. S. Temkin, R. J. Bigelow, T. S. Caughman, J. B. Rasmussen, D. A. TI LOSS ESTIMATE FOR ITER ECH TRANSMISSION LINE INCLUDING MULTIMODE PROPAGATION SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ITER; electron cyclotron heating; transmission line ID CORRUGATED WAVE-GUIDE; SYSTEM; COMPONENTS; LAUNCHER; DESIGN AB The ITER electron cyclotron heating (ECH) transmission lines (TLs) are 63.5-mm-diam corrugated waveguides that will each carry 1 MW of power at 170 GHz. The TL is defined here as the corrugated wave guide system connecting the gyrotron mirror optics unit (MO U) to the entrance of the ECH launcher and includes miter bends and other corrugated wave guide components. The losses on the ITER TL have been calculated for four possible cases corresponding to having HE(11) mode purity at the input of the TL of 100, 97, 90, and 80%. The losses due to coupling, ohmic, and mode conversion loss are evaluated in detail using a numerical code and analytical approaches. Estimates of the calorimetric loss on the line show that the output power is reduced by about 5, +/- 1% because of ohmic loss in each of the four cases. Estimates of the mode conversion loss show that the fraction of output power in the HE(11) mode is similar to 3% smaller than the fraction of input power in the HE(11) mode. High output mode purity therefore can be achieved only with significantly higher input mode purity. Combining both ohmic and mode conversion loss, the efficiency of the TL from the gyrotron MOU to the ECH launcher can be roughly estimated in theory as 92% times the fraction of input power in the HE(11) mode. C1 [Shapiro, M. A.; Kowalski, E. J.; Sirigiri, J. R.; Tax, D. S.; Temkin, R. J.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Bigelow, T. S.; Caughman, J. B.; Rasmussen, D. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US ITER Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shapiro, MA (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM shapiro@psfc.mit.edu RI Sirigiri, Jagadishwar/E-6070-2011; Caughman, John/R-4889-2016 OI Caughman, John/0000-0002-0609-1164 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences; U.S. ITER FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, and by the U.S. ITER Project managed by Battelle/Oak Ridge National Laboratory. NR 24 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 57 IS 3 BP 196 EP 207 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 587TL UT WOS:000277015800002 ER PT J AU Young, KM AF Young, Kenneth M. TI AN ASSESSMENT OF THE PENETRATIONS IN THE FIRST WALL REQUIRED FOR PLASMA MEASUREMENTS FOR CONTROL OF AN ADVANCED TOKAMAK PLASMA DEMO SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plasma diagnostics; tokamaks; demonstration fusion reactor ID ARIES-AT AB A demonstration tokamak is an essential next step toward a magnetic fusion based reactor. One based on advanced tokamak plasmas is especially appealing because of its relative compactness. However, many plasma measurements will be required to provide the necessary signals to feed to ancillary systems to protect the device and control the plasma. This technical note addresses the question of how much intrusion into the blanket system will be required to allow the measurements needed to provide the information required for plasma control. All diagnostics will require, at least, the same shielding designs as planned for ITER, while having the capability to maintain their calibration through very long pulses. Much work is required to define better the measurement needs and the quantity and quality of the measurements that will have to be made, and how they can be integrated into the other tokamak structures. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Young, KM (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM kyoung@pppl.gov NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 57 IS 3 BP 298 EP 304 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 587TL UT WOS:000277015800008 ER PT J AU Ghose, SK Waychunas, GA Trainor, TP Eng, PJ AF Ghose, Sanjit K. Waychunas, Glenn A. Trainor, Thomas P. Eng, Peter J. TI Hydrated goethite (alpha-FeOOH) (100) interface structure: Ordered water and surface functional groups SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; INTRINSIC PROTON AFFINITY; X-RAY-SCATTERING; BOND-VALENCE; MINERAL SURFACES; ARSENATE ADSORPTION; METAL (HYDR)OXIDES; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; OXIDE SURFACES; HEMATITE 0001 AB Goethite(alpha-FeOOH), in abundant and highly reactive iron oxyhydroxide mineral, has been the Subject of numerous studies of environmental interface reactivity. However, such studies have been hampered by the lack of experimental constraints oil aqueous interface structure, and especially of the surface water molecular arrangements. Structural information of this type is crucial because reactivity is dictated by the nature of the Surface functional groups and the structure or distribution of water and electrolyte at the solid-solution interface. In this study we have investigated the goethite (1 0 0) surface using surface diffraction techniques, and have determined the relaxed surface structure, the surface functional groups, and the three dimensional nature of two distinct sorbed water layers. The crystal truncation rod (CTR) results show that the interface structure consists of a double hydroxyl, double water terminated interface with significant atom relaxations. Further, the double hydroxyl terminated surface dominates with ail 89% contribution having a chiral subdomain structure oil the (1 0 0) cleavage faces. The proposed interface stoichiometry is ((H2O)-(H2O)-OH2-OH-Fe-O-O-Fe-R) with two types of terminal hydroxyls; a bidentate (B-type) hydroxo group and a monodentate (A-type) aquo group. Using the bond-valence approach the protonation states of the terminal hydroxyls are predicted to be OH type (bidentate hydroxyl with oxygen Coupled to two Fe3+ ions) and OH, type (monodentate hydroxyl with oxygen tied to only one Fe3+). A double layer three dimensional ordered water structure at the interface was determined from refinement of fits to the experimental data. Application of bond-valence constraints to the terminal hydroxyls with appropriate rotation of the water dipole moments allowed a plausible dipole orientation model as predicted. The structural results are discussed in terms of protonation and H-bonding at the interface, and the results provide an ideal basis for testing theoretical predictions of characteristic surface properties Such as pK(a), sorption equilibria, and surface water permittivity. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ghose, Sanjit K.; Eng, Peter J.] Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Ghose, Sanjit K.; Waychunas, Glenn A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Trainor, Thomas P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Eng, Peter J.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Ghose, SK (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Mineral Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM sghose@bnl.gov FU NSF-NIRT [NSF-0404400]; NSF-EMSI [NSF-0431425]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation - Earth Sciences [EAR-0622171]; Department of Energy - Geosciences [DE-FG02-94ER14466]; DOE, Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciencies, Office of Energy Research [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors thank Lahsen Assoufid, Sarah Petitto, Kunaljeet Tanwar, Jeffry G. Catalano and Joseph Pluth, for their help at different stages of the work. Our thanks also go to Prof. Gordon E. Brown Jr. for his useful and insightful discussion. We also appreciate and thank four anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor K. Rosso for their constructive comments and suggestions. This research was supported by NSF-NIRT (NSF-0404400) and NSF-EMSI (NSF-0431425) Grants and the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The measurements are done at GeoSoilEnviroCARS (Sector 13) of the Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. GeoSoilEnviroCARS is supported by the National Science Foundation - Earth Sciences EAR-0622171 and Department of Energy - Geosciences DE-FG02-94ER14466. Use of the APS was supported by DOE, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciencies, Office of Energy Research, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 60 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 75 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 74 IS 7 BP 1943 EP 1953 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2009.12.015 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 564OP UT WOS:000275225200001 ER PT J AU Modrak, RT Arrowsmith, SJ Anderson, DN AF Modrak, Ryan T. Arrowsmith, Stephen J. Anderson, Dale N. TI A Bayesian framework for infrasound location SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Probability distributions; Seismic monitoring and test-ban treaty verification; Statistical seismology ID ARRAYS; ATMOSPHERE; EXPLOSION; WAVES AB We develop a framework for location of infrasound events using backazimuth and infrasonic arrival times from multiple arrays. Bayesian infrasonic source location (BISL) developed here estimates event location and associated credibility regions. BISL accounts for unknown source-to-array path or phase by formulating infrasonic group velocity as random. Differences between observed and predicted source-to-array traveltimes are partitioned into two additive Gaussian sources, measurement error and model error, the second of which accounts for the unknown influence of wind and temperature on path. By applying the technique to both synthetic tests and ground-truth events, we highlight the complementary nature of back azimuths and arrival times for estimating well-constrained event locations. BISL is an extension to methods developed earlier by Arrowsmith et al. that provided simple bounds on location using a grid-search technique. C1 [Modrak, Ryan T.; Arrowsmith, Stephen J.; Anderson, Dale N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Modrak, RT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES 17, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sarrowsmith@gmail.com FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA24596] FX We thank Prof Jeannot Trampert and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. The authors acknowledge the support of Ms Leslie A. Casey and the National Nuclear Security Administration Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development for funding this work. This work was completed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-06NA24596. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD APR PY 2010 VL 181 IS 1 BP 399 EP 405 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04499.x PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 573BV UT WOS:000275884300026 ER PT J AU Bingham, PA Connelly, AJ Hand, RJ Hyatt, NC Northrup, PA Mori, RA Glatzel, P Kavcic, M Zitnik, M Bucar, K Edge, R AF Bingham, P. A. Connelly, A. J. Hand, R. J. Hyatt, N. C. Northrup, P. A. Mori, R. Alonso Glatzel, P. Kavcic, M. Zitnik, M. Bucar, K. Edge, R. TI A multi-spectroscopic investigation of sulphur speciation in silicate glasses and slags SO GLASS TECHNOLOGY-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GLASS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PART A LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; ELECTROMOTIVE-FORCE SERIES; BOROSILICATE MELT; OXIDATION-STATE; AMBER GLASS; XANES SPECTROSCOPY; REDOX COUPLES; PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE AB Sulphur K-edge x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), sulphur K(alpha) and K(beta) high resolution x-ray emission spectroscopies (XES), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optical absorption spectroscopies have been used to study the speciation of sulphur in a range of soda-lime-silica glasses and silicate slags. Several inorganic standards with known sulphur oxidation states and structural environments have also been analysed. Results confirm that the average oxidation state of sulphur in glasses decreases, as expected, in the order (colourless>light olive>dark olive>light amber>dark amber). This behaviour is consistent with decreasing S(6+)/Sigma S ratio, which has been quantified by linear combination fitting of XES S K spectra, and with analysed sulphur contents which exhibit a characteristic relationship with oxygen partial pressure, pO(2). A combination of S(6+), S(5+), S(4+) and more reduced sulphur species has been detected in olive and amber glasses. The S(4+) and S(5+) species are most evident in olive-coloured glasses produced under moderately reducing conditions that coincide with minimum sulphur solubilities. The reduced form of sulphur, present in all reduced glasses, is interpreted as being present as S(2-) on the basis of XANES, XES, EPR and optical measurements. An alternative interpretation of the data is that there is a continuum of less strongly reduced species, primarily S(+) and S(2+); this interpretation has less merit. In this paper we show that the established relationship that describes sulphur redox may in terms of S(6+) and S(2-), and which states that only these two species co-exist over a narrow, moderately reducing range of pO(2), does not fully describe the behaviour of S in the industrial, non-equilibrated glasses studied. Hence this relationship requires slight modification for non-equilibrated systems to explain the existence of intermediate sulphur oxidation states such as S' and S(5+), particularly within the intermediate pO(2) range that corresponds with sulphur solubility minima. C1 [Bingham, P. A.; Connelly, A. J.; Hand, R. J.; Hyatt, N. C.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Engn, Immobilisat Sci Lab, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. [Northrup, P. A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Mori, R. Alonso; Glatzel, P.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Beamline ID 26, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Kavcic, M.; Zitnik, M.; Bucar, K.] Jozef Stefan Inst, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Edge, R.] Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Bingham, PA (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Engn, Immobilisat Sci Lab, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. EM p.a.bingham@sheffield.ac.uk RI alonso-mori, roberto/G-2638-2013; Bingham, Paul/E-8214-2014; Glatzel, Pieter/E-9958-2010; OI alonso-mori, roberto/0000-0002-5357-0934; Bingham, Paul/0000-0001-6017-0798; Glatzel, Pieter/0000-0001-6532-8144; Hyatt, Neil/0000-0002-2491-3897 FU UKs Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); Society of Glass Technology; Royal Academy of Engineering; Worshipful Company of Armourers and Brasiers; Calumite Ltd; ESRF; NSLS FX PAB, AJC, RJH and NCH acknowledge the UKs Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) for funding this research and Calumite Ltd for supplying samples of blast furnace slag. PAB acknowledges with thanks the Society of Glass Technology, the Royal Academy of Engineering, the Worshipful Company of Armourers and Brasiers and Calumite Ltd for international travel grants. AJC acknowledges with thanks the Worshipful Company of Armourers and Brasiers for an international travel grant. Finally, we acknowledge the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility and the National Synchrotron Light Source for provision of synchrotron radiation facilities and we would like to thank the ESRF and NSLS support groups and X15B and ID26 staff. NR 98 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU SOC GLASS TECHNOLOGY PI SHEFFIELD PA UNIT 9, TWELVE O CLOCK COURT, 21 ATTERCLIFFE RD, SHEFFIELD S4 7WW, S YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1753-3546 J9 GLASS TECHNOL-PART A JI Glass Technol.-Eur. J. Glass Sci. Technol. Part A PD APR PY 2010 VL 51 IS 2 BP 63 EP 80 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 612AU UT WOS:000278869400003 ER PT J AU Bozell, JJ Petersen, GR AF Bozell, Joseph J. Petersen, Gene R. TI Technology development for the production of biobased products from biorefinery carbohydrates-the US Department of Energy's "Top 10" revisited SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID SUCCINIC ACID PRODUCTION; VIBRIO-FURNISSII M1; ION-EXCHANGE-RESIN; CLOSTRIDIUM-BUTYRICUM VPI-3266; LIQUID-PHASE DEHYDRATION; RARE SUGAR XYLITOL; LEVULINIC ACID; RENEWABLE RESOURCES; BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTION; GLYCEROL CARBONATE AB A biorefinery that supplements its manufacture of low value biofuels with high value biobased chemicals can enable efforts to reduce nonrenewable fuel consumption while simultaneously providing the necessary financial incentive to stimulate expansion of the biorefining industry. However, the choice of appropriate products for addition to the biorefinery's portfolio is challenged by a lack of broad-based conversion technology coupled with a plethora of potential targets. In 2004, the US Department of Energy (DOE) addressed these challenges by describing a selection process for chemical products that combined identification of a small group of compounds derived from biorefinery carbohydrates with the research and technology needs required for their production. The intent of the report was to catalyze research efforts to synthesize multiple members of this group, or, ideally, structures not yet on the list. In the six years since DOE's original report, considerable progress has been made in the use of carbohydrates as starting materials for chemical production. This review presents an updated evaluation of potential target structures using similar selection methodology, and an overview of the technology developments that led to the inclusion of a given compound. The list provides a dynamic guide to technology development that could realize commercial success through the proper integration of biofuels with biobased products. C1 [Bozell, Joseph J.] Univ Tennessee, Forest Prod Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Petersen, Gene R.] US DOE, Golden Field Off, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bozell, JJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Forest Prod Ctr, 2506 Jacob Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jbozell@utk.edu; gene.petersen@go.doe.gov NR 181 TC 1099 Z9 1119 U1 82 U2 579 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PD APR PY 2010 VL 12 IS 4 BP 539 EP 554 DI 10.1039/b922014c PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 587ES UT WOS:000276973200001 ER PT J AU Heldebrant, DJ Koech, PK Ang, MTC Liang, C Rainbolt, JE Yonkera, CR Jessop, PG AF Heldebrant, David J. Koech, Phillip K. Ang, M. Trisha C. Liang, Chen Rainbolt, James E. Yonkera, Clement R. Jessop, Philip G. TI Reversible zwitterionic liquids, the reaction of alkanol guanidines, alkanol amidines, and diamines with CO2 SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; CONSTRUCTION; TEMPERATURE; ACTIVATION; MIXTURES; POLYMERS; SOLVENTS; RELEASE; DBU AB Alkanolamidines, alkanolguanidines and diamines each react with CO2 to form reversible zwitterionic liquids. CO2 is chemically bound to the alcohol on alkanolamidines and alkanolguanidines as zwitterionic alkylcarbonates, while CO2 is chemically bound on diamines as zwitterionic carbamates. All three classes of zwitterionic liquids could be reverted to their non-ionic forms by thermally stripping the CO2 at temperatures near 50 degrees C, while one derivative was found to irreversibly form a cyclic carbonate. C1 [Heldebrant, David J.; Koech, Phillip K.; Rainbolt, James E.; Yonkera, Clement R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ang, M. Trisha C.; Liang, Chen; Jessop, Philip G.] Queens Univ, Dept Chem, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Heldebrant, DJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM david.heldebrant@pnl.gov OI Koech, Phillip/0000-0003-2996-0593 FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Directed Research and Development; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); CFI/OIT; Canada Research Chairs FX DJH, PKK and CRY gratefully acknowledge internal funding from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Directed Research and Development. PNNL is proudly operated by Battelle for the U. S. Department of Energy. PGJ, TA, and CL thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), CFI/OIT, and the Canada Research Chairs program for funding the research, the equipment, and PGJ's salary, respectively. The authors thank Dr Rui Zhang for the high resolution mass spec. (HRMS) analysis and Dr Ruiyao Wang for the X-ray crystallography. NR 27 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 10 U2 107 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PD APR PY 2010 VL 12 IS 4 BP 713 EP 721 DI 10.1039/b924790d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 587ES UT WOS:000276973200027 ER PT J AU Halevy, I Haroush, S Eisen, Y Silberman, I Moreno, D Hen, A Winterrose, ML Ghose, S Chen, ZQ AF Halevy, Itzhak Haroush, Shlomo Eisen, Yosef Silberman, Ido Moreno, Dany Hen, Amir Winterrose, Mike L. Ghose, Sanjit Chen, Zhiqiang TI Crystallographic and magnetic structure of HAVAR under high-pressure using diamond anvil cell (DAC) SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Joint International Conference on Hyperfine Interactions (HFI) / International Symposium on Nuclear Quadrupole Interactions (NQI) CY SEP 12-17, 2010 CL CERN, Geneva, SWITZERLAND HO CERN DE HAVAR; Crystallographic structure; Magnetic properties; High-pressure; Diamond anvil cell (DAC) AB Annealed (H1) and cold-rolled (H2) HAVAR has been studied using high-pressure synchrotron X-ray diffraction. A structural phase transformation was discovered at similar to 13 GPa at ambient temperature, transforming from m -3 m (S.G. 225) to P 63/mmc (S.G. 194) symmetry. The transition was not reversible on pressure release. The low-pressure cubic phase was found to be more compressible than the high-pressure hexagonal phase. Conventional Mossbauer and NFS shows that the HAVAR is not magnetic at room temperature and no splitting is observed. The SQUID indicates a huge difference in the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility between the cold Rolled HAVAR compared to the annealed HAVAR. C1 [Halevy, Itzhak] Nucl Res Ctr Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel. [Halevy, Itzhak; Winterrose, Mike L.] CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Haroush, Shlomo] NRC Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel. [Haroush, Shlomo; Eisen, Yosef; Silberman, Ido; Moreno, Dany] Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel. [Hen, Amir] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Nucl Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Ghose, Sanjit; Chen, Zhiqiang] Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Halevy, I (reprint author), Nucl Res Ctr Negev, POB 9001, Beer Sheva, Israel. EM halevyi@caltech.edu NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PD APR PY 2010 VL 197 IS 1-3 BP 135 EP 141 DI 10.1007/s10751-010-0222-3 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 068IU UT WOS:000313360900024 ER PT J AU Smith, KA AF Smith, Kandler A. TI Electrochemical Control of Lithium-Ion Batteries SO IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; INSERTION CELL; LEAD-ACID; SYSTEMS; STATE; SIMULATION; STRESS; CHARGE; MODEL C1 US DOE, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Smith, KA (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. EM kandler.smith@nrel.gov NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1066-033X J9 IEEE CONTR SYST MAG JI IEEE Control Syst. Mag. PD APR PY 2010 VL 30 IS 2 BP 18 EP 25 DI 10.1109/MCS.2010.935882 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 601LS UT WOS:000278061600005 ER PT J AU Theiler, J Scovel, C Wohlberg, B Foy, BR AF Theiler, James Scovel, Clint Wohlberg, Brendt Foy, Bernard R. TI Elliptically Contoured Distributions for Anomalous Change Detection in Hyperspectral Imagery SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Adaptive signal detection; algorithms; covariance matrices; data-model ellipsoids; Gaussian distributions; image analysis; pattern recognition; remote sensing ID IMAGING DATA AB We derive a class of algorithms for detecting anomalous changes in hyperspectral image pairs by modeling the data with elliptically contoured (EC) distributions. These algorithms are generalizations of well-known detectors that are obtained when the EC function is Gaussian. The performance of these EC-based anomalous change detectors is assessed on real data using both real and simulated changes. In these experiments, the EC-based detectors substantially outperform their Gaussian counterparts. C1 [Theiler, James; Scovel, Clint; Wohlberg, Brendt; Foy, Bernard R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Theiler, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Wohlberg, Brendt/M-7764-2015 OI Wohlberg, Brendt/0000-0002-4767-1843 FU Los Alamos Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program FX This work was supported by the Los Alamos Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD APR PY 2010 VL 7 IS 2 BP 271 EP 275 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2009.2032565 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 583NF UT WOS:000276683000010 ER PT J AU Chartrand, R Baraniuk, RG Eldar, YC Figueiredo, MAT Tanner, J AF Chartrand, Rick Baraniuk, Richard G. Eldar, Yonina C. Figueiredo, Mario A. T. Tanner, Jared TI Introduction to the Issue on Compressive Sensing SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Chartrand, Rick] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Baraniuk, Richard G.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Eldar, Yonina C.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Figueiredo, Mario A. T.] Inst Super Tecn, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. [Tanner, Jared] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Chartrand, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM rickc@lanl.gov; richb@rice.edu; yonina@ee.technion.ac.il; mario.figueiredo@lx.it.pt; jared.tanner@ed.ac.uk RI Figueiredo, Mario/C-5428-2008; OI Figueiredo, Mario/0000-0002-0970-7745; Chartrand, Rick/0000-0003-3256-2238 NR 0 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1932-4553 J9 IEEE J-STSP JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process. PD APR PY 2010 VL 4 IS 2 BP 241 EP 243 DI 10.1109/JSTSP.2010.2043892 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 570JI UT WOS:000275669900001 ER PT J AU Fischer, P Im, MY AF Fischer, Peter Im, Mi-Young TI Imaging Nanoscale Magnetic Structures With Polarized Soft X-Ray Photons SO IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Magnetic domain imaging; magnetophotonics; picosecond phenomena; synchrotron sources; time-resolved imaging; ultrafast; X-ray imaging; X-ray optics ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; DYNAMICS; NICKEL; NANOSTRUCTURES; EXCITATION AB Imaging nanoscale magnetic structures and their fast dynamics is scientifically interesting and technologically of highest relevance. The combination of circularly polarized soft X-ray photons, which provide a strong X-ray magnetic circular dichroism effect at characteristic X-ray absorption edges, with a high-resolution soft X-ray microscope utilizing Fresnel zone plate optics allows, in a unique way, the study of the stochastical behavior in the magnetization reversal process of thin films and the ultrafast dynamics of magnetic vortices and domain walls in confined ferromagnetic structures. Future sources of femtosecond-short and highly intense soft X-ray photon pulses hold the promise of magnetic imaging down to fundamental magnetic length and time scales. C1 [Fischer, Peter; Im, Mi-Young] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fischer, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM PJFischer@lbl.gov RI MSD, Nanomag/F-6438-2012; Fischer, Peter/A-3020-2010 OI Fischer, Peter/0000-0002-9824-9343 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division of the U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division of the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1943-0655 J9 IEEE PHOTONICS J JI IEEE Photonics J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 2 IS 2 BP 260 EP 264 DI 10.1109/JPHOT.2010.2043666 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 691BZ UT WOS:000285056600024 ER PT J AU Close, S AF Close, Sigrid TI Space Invaders SO IEEE SPECTRUM LA English DT Article C1 [Close, Sigrid] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9235 J9 IEEE SPECTRUM JI IEEE Spectr. PD APR PY 2010 VL 47 IS 4 BP 38 EP 43 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 574NC UT WOS:000275995700017 ER PT J AU Young, WF Holloway, CL Koepke, G Camell, D Becquet, Y Remley, KA AF Young, William F. Holloway, Christopher L. Koepke, Galen Camell, Dennis Becquet, Yann Remley, Kate A. TI Radio-Wave Propagation Into Large Building Structures-Part 1: CW Signal Attenuation and Variability SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Emergency responder communications; large building radio frequency propagation; radio-frequency propagation measurements ID MHZ AB We report on our investigation into radio communications problems faced by emergency responders in disaster situations. A fundamental challenge to communications into and out of large buildings is the strong attenuation of radio signals caused by losses and scattering in the building materials and structure. Another challenge is the large signal variability that occurs throughout these large structures. We designed experiments in various large building structures in an effort to quantify continuous wave (CW) radio-signal attenuation and variability throughout twelve large structures. We carried radio frequency transmitters throughout these structures and placed receiving systems outside the structures. The transmitters were tuned to frequencies near public safety, cell phone bands, as well as ISM and wireless LAN bands. This report summarizes the experiments, performed in twelve large building structures. We describe the experiments, detail the measurement system, show primary results of the data we collected, and discuss some of the interesting propagation effects we observed. C1 [Young, William F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Holloway, Christopher L.; Koepke, Galen; Camell, Dennis; Becquet, Yann; Remley, Kate A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Young, WF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wfyoung@sandia.gov; holloway@boulder.nist.gov FU U. S. Department of Justice, Community-Oriented Police Services through the NIST Public-Safety Communications Research Laboratory FX This work was supported in part by the U. S. Department of Justice, Community-Oriented Police Services through the NIST Public-Safety Communications Research Laboratory. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD APR PY 2010 VL 58 IS 4 BP 1279 EP 1289 DI 10.1109/TAP.2010.2041142 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 579YX UT WOS:000276414500029 ER PT J AU Bryan, MT Fry, PW Schrefl, T Gibbs, MRJ Allwood, DA Im, MY Fischer, P AF Bryan, Matthew T. Fry, Paul W. Schrefl, Thomas Gibbs, Mike R. J. Allwood, Dan A. Im, Mi-Young Fischer, Peter TI Transverse Field-Induced Nucleation Pad Switching Modes During Domain Wall Injection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE Domain wall injection; nanowires; nucleation pad; switching modes; transverse field ID X-RAY MICROSCOPY; MAGNETIC WIRE; NANOWIRES AB We have used magnetic transmission soft X-ray microscopy (M-TXM) to image in-field magnetization configurations of patterned Ni(80)F(20) domain wall "nucleation pads" with attached planar nanowires. Comparison with micromagnetic simulations suggests that the evolution of magnetic domains in rectangular injection pads depends on the relative orientation of closure domains in the remanent state. The magnetization reversal pathway is altered by the inclusion of transverse magnetic fields. These different modes explain previous results of domain wall injection into nanowires. C1 [Bryan, Matthew T.; Schrefl, Thomas; Gibbs, Mike R. J.; Allwood, Dan A.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Engn, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. [Fry, Paul W.] Univ Sheffield, Nanosci & Technol Ctr, Sheffield S3 7HQ, S Yorkshire, England. [Schrefl, Thomas] St Poelten Univ Appl Sci, A-3100 St Polten, Austria. [Im, Mi-Young; Fischer, Peter] LBNL CXRO, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bryan, MT (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Engn, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. EM m.t.bryan@shef.ac.uk RI MSD, Nanomag/F-6438-2012; Fischer, Peter/A-3020-2010 OI Fischer, Peter/0000-0002-9824-9343 FU EPSRC [GR/T02959/01, EP/D056683/1]; EPSRC DTA; U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was supported by EPSRC under Grants GR/T02959/01 and EP/D056683/1, by a EPSRC DTA studentship, and by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD APR PY 2010 VL 46 IS 4 BP 963 EP 967 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2034848 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 572TG UT WOS:000275855400001 ER PT J AU Zhang, K Kwok, JT AF Zhang, Kai Kwok, James T. TI Simplifying Mixture Models Through Function Approximation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE Clustering; mixture models; support vector machine (SVM) testing ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; DENSITY-ESTIMATION; MEAN SHIFT; ALGORITHM; RECOGNITION; TRACKING AB The finite mixture model is widely used in various statistical learning problems. However, the model obtained may contain a large number of components, making it inefficient in practical applications. In this paper, we propose to simplify the mixture model by minimizing an upper bound of the approximation error between the original and the simplified model, under the use of the distance measure. This is achieved by first grouping similar components together and then performing local fitting through function approximation. The simplified model obtained can then be used as a replacement of the original model to speed up various algorithms involving mixture models during training (e. g., Bayesian filtering, belief propagation) and testing [e.g., kernel density estimation, support vector machine (SVM) testing]. Encouraging results are observed in the experiments on density estimation, clustering-based image segmentation, and simplification of SVM decision functions. C1 [Zhang, Kai] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kwok, James T.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, K (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kai_zhang@lbl.gov; jamesk@cse.ust.hk FU Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region [615209] FX This work was supported in part by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region under Grant 615209. NR 45 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9227 EI 1941-0093 J9 IEEE T NEURAL NETWOR JI IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. PD APR PY 2010 VL 21 IS 4 BP 644 EP 658 DI 10.1109/TNN.2010.2040835 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 577XJ UT WOS:000276257000009 ER PT J AU Dhawan, S Baker, O Chen, H Khanna, R Kierstead, J Lanni, F Lynn, D Musso, C Rescia, S Smith, H Tipton, P Weber, M AF Dhawan, S. Baker, O. Chen, H. Khanna, R. Kierstead, J. Lanni, F. Lynn, D. Musso, C. Rescia, S. Smith, H. Tipton, P. Weber, M. TI Commercial Buck Converters and Custom Coil Development for the Atlas Inner Detector Upgrade SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference CY MAY 10-15, 2009 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, NPSS DE DC-DC power conversion; MOSFETs; noise; radiation effects AB A new generation of higher gain commercial buck converters built using advanced short channel CMOS processes has the potential to operate in the Atlas Inner Detector at the Super Large Hadron Collider (sLHC). This approach would inherently be more efficient than the existing practice of locating the power conversion external to the detector. The converters must operate in a large magnetic field and be able to survive both high doses of ionizing radiation and large neutron fluences. The presence of a large magnetic field necessitates the use of an air core inductor which is developed and discussed here. Noise measurements will be made to investigate the effect of the high frequency switching of the buck converter on the sensitive front end electronics. Radiation hardness of selected buck converters and mosfets will also be reported. C1 [Dhawan, S.; Baker, O.; Smith, H.; Tipton, P.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Chen, H.; Kierstead, J.; Lanni, F.; Lynn, D.; Rescia, S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Khanna, R.] Natl Semicond Corp, Richardson, TX 75002 USA. [Musso, C.] NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Weber, M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Dept Phys, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Dhawan, S (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. EM satish.dhawan@yale.edu; oliver.baker@yale.edu; chc@bnl.gov; ramesh.khanna@nsc.com; kirstead@bnl.gov; francesco.lanni@bnl.gov; dlynn@bnl.gov; cm102@nyu.edu; rescia@bnl.gov; hunter.smith@yale.edu; paul.tipton@yale.edu; m.m.weber@rl.ac.uk RI Rescia, Sergio/D-8604-2011 OI Rescia, Sergio/0000-0003-2411-8903 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 57 IS 2 BP 456 EP 462 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2039876 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 583LY UT WOS:000276678900011 ER PT J AU Xiao, BJ Ji, ZS Shen, B Li, GM Wang, HZ Wang, F Yuan, QP Yang, F Sun, XY Luo, JR Wang, Y Wu, YC Zhang, RR Luo, ZP Dang, N Li, S Zhou, ZY Wang, P Humphreys, DA Walker, ML Hyatt, A Leuer, JA Welander, A Johnson, RD Penaflor, BG Piglowski, DA Mueller, D AF Xiao, B. J. Ji, Z. S. Shen, B. Li, G. M. Wang, H. Z. Wang, F. Yuan, Q. P. Yang, F. Sun, X. Y. Luo, J. R. Wang, Y. Wu, Y. C. Zhang, R. R. Luo, Z. P. Dang, N. Li, S. Zhou, Z. Y. Wang, P. Humphreys, D. A. Walker, M. L. Hyatt, A. Leuer, J. A. Welander, A. Johnson, R. D. Penaflor, B. G. Piglowski, D. A. Mueller, D. TI Current Status of EAST Plasma Control and Data Acquisition SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time Conference CY MAY 10-15, 2009 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, NPSS DE EAST tokomak; data acquisition; plasma control ID CONTROL-SYSTEM; RECONSTRUCTION; TOKAMAKS AB This paper briefly outlines the current status of CODAC system of the EAST tokamak. Integrated central system has been working for synchronizing all the subsystems and responsible for the integral safety protection by interlock. Data acquisition system has been established for the discharge with duration up to 100 seconds. Various data visualization tools such as EASTVIEWER to view the flux surfaces, RTSCOPE to view plasma boundary and CCD image in real-time, WEBSCOPE to view the diagnostic data via a web browser and EASTVOD to view and search plasma discharge image at different time, haven developed for EAST operation. Plasma control system is inherited from DIII-D, and has been matured to a stage to feedback control the EAST plasma shape, density and current in real time. C1 [Xiao, B. J.; Ji, Z. S.; Shen, B.; Li, G. M.; Wang, H. Z.; Wang, F.; Yuan, Q. P.; Yang, F.; Sun, X. Y.; Luo, J. R.; Wang, Y.; Wu, Y. C.; Zhang, R. R.; Luo, Z. P.; Dang, N.; Li, S.; Zhou, Z. Y.; Wang, P.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei, Peoples R China. [Humphreys, D. A.; Walker, M. L.; Hyatt, A.; Leuer, J. A.; Welander, A.; Johnson, R. D.; Penaflor, B. G.; Piglowski, D. A.] Gen Atom Co, DIII Natl Fus Facil D, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Mueller, D.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Xiao, BJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei, Peoples R China. EM bjxiao@ipp.ac.cn RI Xiao, Bingjia/A-1681-2017; OI Xiao, Bingjia/0000-0001-8692-2636; Walker, Michael/0000-0002-4341-994X NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 57 IS 2 BP 510 EP 514 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2042067 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 583LY UT WOS:000276678900020 ER PT J AU Deptuch, G Christian, D Hoff, J Lipton, R Shenai, A Trimpl, M Yarema, R Zimmerman, T AF Deptuch, Grzegorz Christian, David Hoff, James Lipton, Ronald Shenai, Alpana Trimpl, Marcel Yarema, Raymond Zimmerman, Tom TI A Vertically Integrated Pixel Readout Device for the Vertex Detector at the International Linear Collider SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 3D-IC; CMOS; FDSOI; pixel detector; SOI; sparsified readout; TSV AB Tracking and vertexing in future High-Energy Physics (HEP) experiments involves construction of detectors composed of up to a few billions of channels. Readout electronics must record the position and time of each measurement with the highest achievable precision. This paper reviews a prototype of the first 3D readout chip for HEP, designed for a vertex detector at the International Linear Collider. The prototype features 20 x 20 mu m(2) pixels, laid out in an array of 64 x 64 elements and was fabricated in a 3-tier 0.18 mu m Fully Depleted SOI CMOS process at MIT-Lincoln Laboratory. The tests showed correct functional operation of the structure. The chip performs a zero-suppressed readout. C1 [Deptuch, Grzegorz; Hoff, James; Shenai, Alpana; Trimpl, Marcel; Yarema, Raymond; Zimmerman, Tom] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Particle Phys Div, ASIC Microelect Grp Elect Engn, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Christian, David; Lipton, Ronald] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Particle Phys Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Deptuch, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Particle Phys Div, ASIC Microelect Grp Elect Engn, BP 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM deptuch@ieee.org; dcc@fnal.go; jhoff@fnal.gov; lipton@fnal.gov; shenai@fnal.gov; trimpl@fnal.gov; yarema@fnal.gov; zimmerman@fnal.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; DARPA FX Manuscript received October 05, 2009; revised November 27, 2009 and January 18, 2010. Current version published April 14, 2010. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy.; The authors would like to acknowledge the valuable contributions of M. Turqueti and R. Rivera from the Computing Division of FERMILAB for the development of the data acquisition system and help in tests of the VIP1 chip. Thanks go to MIT-LL, particularly to B. Tyrrell, for fruitful discussions and for revealing details of the 3D-IC integration and FDSOI process. We would like to thank A. Dyer from the ASIC testing group of FERMILAB for his dedicated and excellent technician support. The VIP1 chip was designed and fabricated in MIT Lincoln Laboratory's 3D-IC process, funded under the DARPA Advanced Microelectronics Technology Development Program managed by Dr. D. Radack. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 57 IS 2 BP 880 EP 890 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2042301 PN 2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 583MA UT WOS:000276679200020 ER PT J AU Salacka, JS Bacrania, MK AF Salacka, Joanna S. Bacrania, Minesh K. TI A Comprehensive Technique for Determining the Intrinsic Light Yield of Scintillators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gamma-ray detection; light yield; scintillator ID OUTPUT AB Precise knowledge of the intrinsic light yield of scintillating materials is important for characterizing, optimizing, and simulating scintillating detectors for radiation detection applications. We present here a comprehensive method for determining the intrinsic light yield of scintillating materials. By maintaining complete control over all aspects of photodetector response measurement, and through the use of a novel method for direct measurement of the light collection efficiency of the scintillator, we have successfully demonstrated that our technique allows for new levels of precision and understanding in the measurement of the intrinsic light yield of scintillating materials. C1 [Salacka, Joanna S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Biomed Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Salacka, Joanna S.; Bacrania, Minesh K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Safeguards Sci & Technol Grp N1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Salacka, JS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Biomed Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mi-nesh@lanl.gov FU LANL Laboratory Directed Research and Development [LA-UR 09-05486] FX Manuscript received September 29, 2009; revised January 18, 2010. Current version published April 14, 2010. This work was supported by LANL Laboratory Directed Research and Development funds (LA-UR 09-05486). NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 57 IS 2 BP 901 EP 909 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2043117 PN 2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 583MA UT WOS:000276679200022 ER PT J AU Bolotnikov, AE Babalola, S Camarda, GS Cui, YG Egarievwe, SU Hawrami, R Hossain, A Yang, G James, RB AF Bolotnikov, Aleksey E. Babalola, Stephen Camarda, Giuseppe S. Cui, Yonggang Egarievwe, Stephen U. Hawrami, R. Hossain, Anwar Yang, Ge James, Ralph B. TI Te Inclusions in CZT Detectors: New Method for Correcting Their Adverse Effects SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CdZnTe; crystal defects; radiation detectors ID CDZNTE RADIATION DETECTORS; DEFECTS; GROWTH AB Both Te inclusions and point defects can trap the charge carriers generated by ionizing particles in CdZnTe (CZT) detectors. The amount of charge trapped by point defects is proportional to the carriers' drift time and can be corrected electronically. In the case of Te inclusions, the charge loss depends upon their random locations with respect to the electron cloud. Consequently, inclusions introduce fluctuations in the charge signals, which cannot be easily corrected. In this paper, we describe direct measurements of the cumulative effect of Te inclusions and its influence on the response of CZT detectors of different thicknesses and different sizes and concentrations of Te inclusions. We also discuss a means of partially correcting their adverse effects. C1 [Bolotnikov, Aleksey E.; Camarda, Giuseppe S.; Cui, Yonggang; Hossain, Anwar; Yang, Ge; James, Ralph B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. [Babalola, Stephen] Fisk Univ, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Babalola, Stephen] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Egarievwe, Stephen U.] Alabama A&M Univ, Normal, AL 35752 USA. [Hawrami, R.] Radiat Monitoring Devices Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. RP Bolotnikov, AE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. EM bolotnik@bnl.gov; oluseyi.s.ba-balola@vanderbilt.edu; camarda@bnl.gov; ycui@bnl.gov; segarievwe@bnl.gov; rhawrami@bnl.gov; hos-sain@bnl.gov; gyang@bnl.gov; rjames@bnl.gov RI Yang, Ge/G-1354-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development [NA-22]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH1-886] FX Manuscript received October 19, 2009; revised December 02, 2009 and January 12, 2010. Current version published April 14, 2010. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development, NA-22 and Defense Threat Reduction Agency. The manuscript was authored by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract DE-AC02-98CH1-886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 13 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 57 IS 2 BP 910 EP 919 DI 10.1109/TNS.2010.2042617 PN 2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 583MA UT WOS:000276679200023 ER PT J AU Wu, QS Zhu, MX Gu, Y Rao, NSV AF Wu, Qishi Zhu, Mengxia Gu, Yi Rao, Nageswara S. V. TI System Design and Algorithmic Development for Computational Steering in Distributed Environments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Distributed computing; computational steering; remote visualization; performance modeling AB Supporting visualization pipelines over wide-area networks is critical to enabling large-scale scientific applications that require visual feedback to interactively steer online computations. We propose a remote computational steering system that employs analytical models to estimate the cost of computing and communication components and optimizes the overall system performance in distributed environments with heterogeneous resources. We formulate and categorize the visualization pipeline configuration problems for maximum frame rate into three classes according to the constraints on node reuse or resource sharing, namely no, contiguous, and arbitrary reuse. We prove all three problems to be NP-complete and present heuristic approaches based on a dynamic programming strategy. The superior performance of the proposed solution is demonstrated with extensive simulation results in comparison with existing algorithms and is further evidenced by experimental results collected on a prototype implementation deployed over the Internet. C1 [Wu, Qishi; Gu, Yi] Univ Memphis, Dept Comp Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Zhu, Mengxia] So Illinois Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Rao, Nageswara S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wu, QS (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Comp Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM qishiwu@memphis.edu; mzhu@cs.siu.edu; yigu@memphis.edu; raons@ornl.gov OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 FU US National Science Foundation [CNS-0721980]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; US Department of Energy [PO 4000056349]; University of Memphis; Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. [PO 6400006042] FX The authors would like to thank Anne Benoit and Yves Robert at ENS Lyon for their help with the NP-completeness proof. The authors would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that considerably improved the quality of this paper. This research is sponsored by the US National Science Foundation under Grant No. CNS-0721980 and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, under Contract No. PO 4000056349 with the University of Memphis and Contract No. PO 6400006042 with Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1045-9219 EI 1558-2183 J9 IEEE T PARALL DISTR JI IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. PD APR PY 2010 VL 21 IS 4 BP 438 EP 451 DI 10.1109/TPDS.2009.81 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 559BH UT WOS:000274794200003 ER PT J AU Bott, SC Chittenden, JP Coverdale, CA Giuliani, JL AF Bott, Simon C. Chittenden, Jeremy P. Coverdale, Christine A. Giuliani, John L. TI Special Issue on Z-Pinch Plasmas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bott, Simon C.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Chittenden, Jeremy P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BW, England. [Coverdale, Christine A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Giuliani, John L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bott, SC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 4 SI SI BP 526 EP 528 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2043761 PN 1 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 581NV UT WOS:000276531600001 ER PT J AU Jennings, CA Chittenden, JP Cuneo, ME Stygar, WA Ampleford, DJ Waisman, EM Jones, M Savage, ME LeChien, KR Wagoner, TC AF Jennings, Chris A. Chittenden, Jeremy P. Cuneo, Michael E. Stygar, W. A. Ampleford, David J. Waisman, E. M. Jones, M. Savage, M. E. LeChien, K. R. Wagoner, T. C. TI Circuit Model for Driving Three-Dimensional Resistive MHD Wire Array Z-Pinch Calculations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st American-Physics-Society-Division-of-Plasma-Physics Meeting CY NOV 02-06, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Phys Soc Div Plasma Phys DE Convolute; current loss; electron flow; Z-pinch ID IN-CELL SIMULATIONS; FLOW; ACCELERATOR AB Compact tungsten wire array Z-pinches imploded on the Z generator at Sandia National Laboratories have proven to be a powerful reproducible X-ray source. Wire arrays have also been used in dynamic hohlraum radiation flow experiments and as an intense K-shell source, while the generator has been used extensively for isentropic compression experiments. A problem shared by all these applications is current loss, preventing the similar to 20-MA drive current from being reliably coupled to the load. This potentially degrades performance, while uncertainties in how this loss is described limit our predictive capability. We present details of a transmission line equivalent circuit model of the Z generator for use in driving 3-D resistive MHD simulations of wire array loads. We describe how power delivery to these loads is affected by multiple current losses and demonstrate how these may be calculated or reconstructed from available electrical data for inclusion in the circuit model. We then demonstrate how the circuit model and MHD load calculation may be combined to infer an additional current loss that has not been directly diagnosed for wire arrays. C1 [Jennings, Chris A.; Cuneo, Michael E.; Stygar, W. A.; Ampleford, David J.; Waisman, E. M.; Jones, M.; Savage, M. E.; LeChien, K. R.; Wagoner, T. C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. [Chittenden, Jeremy P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Plasma Phys Grp, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Jennings, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. EM cjennin@sandia.gov; j.chittenden@imperial.ac.uk; mecuneo@sandia.gov; damplef@sandia.gov; emwaism@sandia.gov; micjone@sandia.gov; mesavag@sandia.gov; krlechi@sandia.gov; tcwagon@sandia.gov NR 25 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 4 SI SI BP 529 EP 539 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2042971 PN 1 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 581NV UT WOS:000276531600002 ER PT J AU Coverdale, CA LePell, PD Deeney, C Beutler, DE Jones, SC Chantler, G Greenwoll, J Chittenden, JP Bateson, T Dudley, KJ Cuneo, ME AF Coverdale, Christine A. LePell, P. David Deeney, Christopher Beutler, David E. Jones, Scott C. Chantler, Gary Greenwoll, J. Chittenden, J. P. Bateson, T. Dudley, K. J. Cuneo, Michael E. TI Investigations of Azimuthal Uniformity, Radial Extrapolation, and View-Factor Corrections for Yield Measurements of K-Shell X-Ray Sources at the Z Accelerator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Division-of-Plasma-Physics of the American-Physics-Society CY NOV 02-06, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys DE K-shell radiation; plasma measurements; plasma pinch; X-ray measurements ID Z-PINCH; IMPLOSIONS; PHYSICS; NUMBER AB Z-pinch experiments at pulsed-power facilities generally field a wide range of diagnostics, designed to make measurements and study the relevant physics during all phases of the Z-pinch. Optical and X-ray images are collected to study ablation, implosion, and the stagnated pinch; yield and power measurements are made at various photon energies; and time-integrated and time-resolved spectroscopies are recorded to infer plasma conditions before, during, and after stagnation. Typically, diagnostics fielded are dispersed azimuthally around the Z-pinch and at varying distances relative to the Z-pinch. The data are then analyzed and interpreted as a single entity to provide detailed information about a particular process or physics effect. Correlation of the results of the individual diagnostics in this fashion assumes that each diagnostic would measure the same result regardless of its azimuthal or radial location. Assessments of diagnostics to measure K-shell yield at the Z accelerator, which are fielded at varying azimuthal locations and radial distances, are presented. These measurements illustrate that the K-shell emission is azimuthally uniform for titanium, stainless-steel, and copper wire arrays and that the standard correction for radial distance is valid. The importance of view-factor corrections is also discussed. C1 [Coverdale, Christine A.; Beutler, David E.; Jones, Scott C.; Greenwoll, J.; Cuneo, Michael E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [LePell, P. David] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Deeney, Christopher] Natl Nucl Secur Adm, Dept Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Chantler, Gary] Lmata Govt Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. [Chittenden, J. P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. [Bateson, T.; Dudley, K. J.] Atom Weap Estab, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, England. RP Coverdale, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM cacover@sandia.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 4 SI SI BP 589 EP 597 DI 10.1109/TPS.2009.2038782 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 581NV UT WOS:000276531600009 ER PT J AU Dasgupta, A Giuliani, JL Davis, J Clark, RW Coverdale, CA Jones, B Ampleford, DJ AF Dasgupta, Arati Giuliani, John L. Davis, Jack Clark, Robert W. Coverdale, Christine A. Jones, Brent Ampleford, David J. TI Time-Integrated Synthetic X-Ray Spectroscopy for Stainless Steel Wire Array Z-Pinches SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st American-Physics-Society-Division-of-Plasma-Physics Meeting CY NOV 02-06, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Phys Soc Div Plasma Phys DE Dielectronic recombination (DR); plasma diagnostics; X-ray spectra; Z-pinch ID DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION; IONIZATION; SELENIUM; PLASMAS; IMPACT AB We have used a collisional-radiative spectroscopic model to generate a stainless steel (SS) atomic model to analyze the implosion dynamics of an array of SS wires on the Z and/or refurbished Z accelerator at the U. S. Sandia National Laboratories. This approach combines the completeness of highly averaged Rydberg state models with the accuracy of detailed models for all important excited states. Our atomic model includes a very large number of levels and atomic structure data, as well as excitation, ionization, and recombination level coupling. We have investigated the ionization dynamics and generated K-and L-shell spectra using the conditions in the Z accelerator, as calculated by a 1-D nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) radiation hydrodynamics model. This investigation using more detailed and accurate atomic models supersedes earlier spectroscopic simulation of K-shell SS spectra to analyze spectra on the Z accelerator. The non-LTE populations are obtained by generating the detailed atomic data for Fe, Ni, and Cr, and Mn ions, the constituents of SS. Analysis of our spectra using self-consistently generated data from the flexible atomic code shows excellent agreement with experimental data of shots Z581 and Z1860. We have also included level-specific dielectronic recombination from H-to He-like ions and inner-shell excitation rates from excited states of He-like ions in our atomic model and investigated the Ly(alpha) satellite lines that are useful for diagnosing Doppler broadening in a Z-pinch plasma at stagnation. C1 [Dasgupta, Arati; Giuliani, John L.; Davis, Jack] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Clark, Robert W.] Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Coverdale, Christine A.; Jones, Brent; Ampleford, David J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dasgupta, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Arati.Dasgupta@nrl.navy.mil; john.giuliani@nrl.navy.mil; jack.davis@nrl.navy.mil; robert.clark@nrl.navy.mil; cacover@sandia.gov; bmjones@sandia.gov; damplef@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 4 SI SI BP 598 EP 605 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2040841 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 581NV UT WOS:000276531600010 ER PT J AU Thornhill, JW Giuliani, JL Dasgupta, A Apruzese, JP Davis, J Chong, YK Jennings, CA Ampleford, DA Jones, B Coverdale, CA Jones, MC Cuneo, ME Stygar, WA AF Thornhill, J. Ward Giuliani, John L. Dasgupta, Arati Apruzese, John P. Davis, Jack Chong, Young K. Jennings, Christopher A. Ampleford, Dave A. Jones, Brent Coverdale, Christine A. Jones, M. C. Cuneo, Michael E. Stygar, W. A. TI Two-Dimensional Radiation MHD K-Shell Modeling of Stainless-Steel Double-Wire-Array Experiments on the Refurbished Z Machine SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st American-Physics-Society-Division-of-Plasma-Physics Meeting CY NOV 02-06, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Phys Soc Div Plasma Phys DE K-shell radiation; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); plasma pinch; X-ray production ID Z-PINCH IMPLOSIONS; ATOMIC-NUMBER; Z-ACCELERATOR; SIMULATIONS; INSTABILITY; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; PHYSICS; PLASMA; POWER AB Two-dimensional (r, z) magnetohydrodynamic simulations with nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium ionization and radiation transport are used to investigate the K-shell radiation output from doubly nested large-diameter (> 60 mm) stainless-steel arrays fielded on the refurbished Z pulsed-power generator. The effects of the initial density perturbations, wire ablation rate, and current loss near the load on the total power, K-shell power, and K-shell yield are examined. The broad mass distribution produced by wire ablation largely overcomes the deleterious impact on the K-shell power and yield of 2-D instability growth. On the other hand, the possible current losses in the final feed section lead to substantial reductions in K-shell yield. Following a survey of runs, the parameters for the perturbation level, ablation rate, and current loss are chosen to benchmark the simulations against existing 65-mm-diameter radiation data. The model is then used to predict the K-shell properties of larger diameter (70 mm) arrays to be imploded on the Z generator. C1 [Thornhill, J. Ward; Giuliani, John L.; Dasgupta, Arati; Apruzese, John P.; Davis, Jack; Chong, Young K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jennings, Christopher A.; Ampleford, Dave A.; Jones, Brent; Coverdale, Christine A.; Jones, M. C.; Cuneo, Michael E.; Stygar, W. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. RP Thornhill, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 4 SI SI BP 606 EP 617 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2041473 PN 1 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 581NV UT WOS:000276531600011 ER PT J AU Moses, EI AF Moses, E. I. TI The National Ignition Facility and the National Ignition Campaign SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE High-energy-density (HED) science; inertial confinement fusion (ICF); inertial fusion energy (IFE); laser IFE; National Ignition Campaign (NIC); National Ignition Facility (NIF) AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF), the world's largest and most powerful laser system for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and experiments studying high-energy-density (HED) science, is now operational at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). NIF construction was certified by the Department of Energy as complete on March 27, 2009. NIF, a 192-beam Nd:glass laser facility, will ultimately produce 1.8 MJ 500 TW of 351-nm third-harmonic ultraviolet light. On March 10, 2009, a total of 192-beam energy of 1.1 MJ was demonstrated; this is approximately 30 times more energy than ever produced in an ICF laser system. The principal goal of NIF is to achieve ignition of a deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel capsule and provide access to HED physics regimes needed for experiments related to national security, fusion energy, and broader frontier scientific exploration. NIF experiments in support of indirect-drive ignition began in August 2009. These first experiments represent the next phase of the National Ignition Campaign (NIC). The NIC is a national effort to achieve fusion ignition and is coordinated through a detailed execution plan that includes science, technology, and equipment. The equipment required for ignition experiments includes diagnostics, a cryogenic target manipulator, and user optics. Participants in this effort include LLNL, General Atomics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratory, and the University of Rochester Laboratory for Energetics. The primary goal for NIC is to have all of the equipment operational, integrated into the facility, and ready to begin a credible ignition campaign in 2010. With NIF now operational, the long-sought goal of achieving self-sustained nuclear fusion and energy gain in the laboratory is much closer to realization. Successful demonstration of ignition and net energy gain on NIF will be a major step toward demonstrating the feasibility of inertial fusion energy (IFE) and will likely focus the world's attention on the possibility of an ICF energy option. NIF experiments to demonstrate ignition and gain will use central-hot-spot (CHS) ignition, where a spherical fuel capsule is simultaneously compressed and ignited. The scientific basis for CHS has been intensively developed. Achieving ignition with CHS will open the door for other advanced concepts, such as the use of high-yield pulses of visible wavelength rather than ultraviolet and fast-ignition concepts. Moreover, NIF will have important scientific applications in such diverse fields as astrophysics, nuclear physics, and materials science. The NIC will develop the full set of capabilities required to operate NIF as a major national and international user facility. A solicitation for NIF frontier science experiments is planned for summer 2009. This paper summarizes the design, performance, and status of NIF and plans for the NIF ignition experimental program. A brief summary of the overall NIF experimental program is also presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94450 USA. RP Moses, EI (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94450 USA. NR 14 TC 30 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 28 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 4 SI SI BP 684 EP 689 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2042466 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 581OC UT WOS:000276532400002 ER PT J AU Sethian, JD Colombant, DG Giuliani, JL Lehmberg, RH Myers, MC Obenschain, SP Schmitt, AJ Weaver, J Wolford, MF Hegeler, F Friedman, M Robson, AE Bayramian, A Caird, J Ebbers, C Latkowski, J Hogan, W Meier, WR Perkins, LJ Schaffers, K Kahlik, SA Schoonover, K Sadowski, D Boehm, K Carlson, L Pulsifer, J Najmabadi, F Raffray, AR Tillack, MS Kulcinski, G Blanchard, JP Heltemes, T Ibrahim, A Marriott, E Moses, G Radell, R Sawan, M Santarius, J Sviatoslavsky, G Zenobia, S Ghoniem, NM Sharafat, S El-Awady, J Hu, Q Duty, C Leonard, K Romanoski, G Snead, LL Zinkle, SJ Gentile, C Parsells, W Prinksi, C Kozub, T Dodson, T Rose, DV Renk, T Olson, C Alexander, N Bozek, A Flint, G Goodin, DT Hund, J Paguio, R Petzoldt, RW Schroen, DG Sheliak, J Bernat, T Bittner, D Karnes, J Petta, N Streit, J Geller, D Hoffer, JK McGeoch, MW Glidden, SC Sanders, H Weidenheimer, D Morton, D Smith, ID Bobecia, M Harding, D Lehecka, T Gilliam, SB Gidcumb, SM Forsythe, D Parikh, NR O'Dell, S Gorensek, M AF Sethian, J. D. Colombant, D. G. Giuliani, J. L., Jr. Lehmberg, R. H. Myers, M. C. Obenschain, S. P. Schmitt, A. J. Weaver, J. Wolford, M. F. Hegeler, F. Friedman, M. Robson, A. E. Bayramian, A. Caird, J. Ebbers, C. Latkowski, J. Hogan, W. Meier, W. R. Perkins, L. J. Schaffers, K. Kahlik, S. Abdel Schoonover, K. Sadowski, D. Boehm, K. Carlson, L. Pulsifer, J. Najmabadi, F. Raffray, A. R. Tillack, M. S. Kulcinski, G. Blanchard, J. P. Heltemes, T. Ibrahim, A. Marriott, E. Moses, G. Radell, R. Sawan, M. Santarius, J. Sviatoslavsky, G. Zenobia, S. Ghoniem, N. M. Sharafat, S. El-Awady, J. Hu, Q. Duty, C. Leonard, K. Romanoski, G. Snead, L. L. Zinkle, S. J. Gentile, C. Parsells, W. Prinksi, C. Kozub, T. Dodson, T. Rose, D. V. Renk, T. Olson, C. Alexander, N. Bozek, A. Flint, G. Goodin, D. T. Hund, J. Paguio, R. Petzoldt, R. W. Schroen, D. G. Sheliak, J. Bernat, T. Bittner, D. Karnes, J. Petta, N. Streit, J. Geller, D. Hoffer, J. K. McGeoch, M. W. Glidden, S. C. Sanders, H. Weidenheimer, D. Morton, D. Smith, I. D. Bobecia, M. Harding, D. Lehecka, T. Gilliam, S. B. Gidcumb, S. M. Forsythe, D. Parikh, N. R. O'Dell, S. Gorensek, M. TI The Science and Technologies for Fusion Energy With Lasers and Direct-Drive Targets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE Fusion power generation; fusion reactors; laser amplifiers; laser fusion; magnetic fields; nanotechnology; optical tracking ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; HELIUM IMPLANTED TUNGSTEN; HIGH AVERAGE POWER; DRY WALL CHAMBERS; MAGNETIC INTERVENTION; IFE CONDITIONS; PLANT; GAS; REACTOR; DESIGN AB We are carrying out a multidisciplinary multi-institutional program to develop the scientific and technical basis for inertial fusion energy (IFE) based on laser drivers and direct-drive targets. The key components are developed as an integrated system, linking the science, technology, and final application of a 1000-MWe pure-fusion power plant. The science and technologies developed here are flexible enough to be applied to other size systems. The scientific justification for this work is a family of target designs (simulations) that show that direct drive has the potential to provide the high gains needed for a pure-fusion power plant. Two competing lasers are under development: the diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPPSL) and the electron-beam-pumped krypton fluoride (KrF) gas laser. This paper will present the current state of the art in the target designs and lasers, as well as the other IFE technologies required for energy, including final optics (grazing incidence and dielectrics), chambers, and target fabrication, injection, and tracking technologies. All of these are applicable to both laser systems and to other laser IFE-based concepts. However, in some of the higher performance target designs, the DPPSL will require more energy to reach the same yield as with the KrF laser. C1 [Sethian, J. D.; Colombant, D. G.; Giuliani, J. L., Jr.; Lehmberg, R. H.; Myers, M. C.; Obenschain, S. P.; Schmitt, A. J.; Weaver, J.; Wolford, M. F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hegeler, F.; Friedman, M.; Robson, A. E.] Commonwealth Technol Inc, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. [Bayramian, A.; Caird, J.; Ebbers, C.; Latkowski, J.; Hogan, W.; Meier, W. R.; Perkins, L. J.; Schaffers, K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kahlik, S. Abdel; Schoonover, K.; Sadowski, D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Boehm, K.; Carlson, L.; Pulsifer, J.; Najmabadi, F.; Raffray, A. R.; Tillack, M. S.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kulcinski, G.; Blanchard, J. P.; Heltemes, T.; Ibrahim, A.; Marriott, E.; Moses, G.; Radell, R.; Sawan, M.; Santarius, J.; Sviatoslavsky, G.; Zenobia, S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ghoniem, N. M.; Sharafat, S.; El-Awady, J.; Hu, Q.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Duty, C.; Leonard, K.; Romanoski, G.; Snead, L. L.; Zinkle, S. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gentile, C.; Parsells, W.; Prinksi, C.; Kozub, T.; Dodson, T.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Rose, D. V.] Voss Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Renk, T.; Olson, C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Alexander, N.; Bozek, A.; Flint, G.; Goodin, D. T.; Hund, J.; Paguio, R.; Petzoldt, R. W.; Schroen, D. G.; Sheliak, J.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Bernat, T.; Bittner, D.; Karnes, J.; Petta, N.; Streit, J.] Schafer Corp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Geller, D.; Hoffer, J. K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Glidden, S. C.; Sanders, H.] Appl Pulsed Power Inc, Freeville, NY 13068 USA. [McGeoch, M. W.] PLEX Corp, Brookline, MA 02146 USA. [Weidenheimer, D.; Morton, D.; Smith, I. D.] L3 Pulse Sci Inc, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. [Bobecia, M.; Harding, D.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Lehecka, T.] Penn State Electroopt Ctr, State Coll, PA 16229 USA. [Gilliam, S. B.; Gidcumb, S. M.; Forsythe, D.; Parikh, N. R.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Gorensek, M.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [O'Dell, S.] Plasma Proc Inc, Huntsville, AL 35811 USA. RP Sethian, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI El-Awady, Jaafar/A-8020-2010; Gorensek, Maximilian/B-5298-2012; El-Awady, Jaafar/E-8551-2010; Wolford, Matthew/D-5834-2013; Romanoski, Glenn/E-5703-2017; OI El-Awady, Jaafar/0000-0002-5715-2481; Wolford, Matthew/0000-0002-8624-1336; Romanoski, Glenn/0000-0002-6874-5071; Gorensek, Maximilian/0000-0002-4322-9062; Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915; Geller, Drew/0000-0001-8046-8495; Karnes, John/0000-0002-2917-8406 NR 80 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 44 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 4 SI SI BP 690 EP 703 DI 10.1109/TPS.2009.2037629 PN 2 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 581OC UT WOS:000276532400003 ER PT J AU Mazarakis, MG Fowler, WE LeChien, KL Long, FW Matzen, MK McDaniel, DH McKee, RG Olson, CL Porter, JL Rogowski, ST Struve, KW Stygar, WA Woodworth, JR Kim, AA Sinebryukhov, VA Gilgenbach, RM Gomez, MR French, DM Lau, YY Zier, JC VanDevalde, DM Sharpe, RA Ward, K AF Mazarakis, Michael G. Fowler, William E. LeChien, K. L. Long, Finis W. Matzen, M. Keith McDaniel, D. H. McKee, R. G. Olson, C. L. Porter, J. L. Rogowski, S. T. Struve, Kenneth W. Stygar, W. A. Woodworth, Joe R. Kim, Alexander A. Sinebryukhov, Vadim A. Gilgenbach, Ronald M. Gomez, M. R. French, D. M. Lau, Y. Y. Zier, Jacob C. VanDevalde, D. M. Sharpe, R. A. Ward, K. TI High-Current Linear Transformer Driver Development at Sandia National Laboratories SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE Accelerators; high-current devices; linear transformer drivers (LTDs); pulsed power AB Most of the modern high-current high-voltage pulsed power generators require several stages of pulse conditioning (pulse forming) to convert the multimicrosecond pulses of the Marx generator output to the 40-300-ns pulses required by a number of applications including X-ray radiography, pulsed high-current linear accelerators, Z-pinch, isentropic compression, and inertial fusion energy drivers. This makes the devices large, cumbersome to operate, and expensive. Sandia, in collaboration with a number of other institutions, is developing a new paradigm in pulsed power technology: the linear transformer driver (LTD) technology. This technological approach can provide very compact devices that can deliver very fast high-current and high-voltage pulses. The output pulse rise time and width can be easily tailored to the specific application needs. Trains of a large number of high-current pulses can be produced with variable interpulse separation from nanoseconds to milliseconds. Most importantly, these devices can be rep-rated to frequencies only limited by the capacitor specifications (usually 10 Hz). Their footprint, as compared with current day pulsed power accelerators, is considerably smaller since LTD do not require large oil and deionized water tanks. This makes them ideally suited for applications that require portability. In this paper, we present Sandia National Laboratories' broad spectrum of developmental effort to design construct and extensively validate the LTD pulsed power technology. C1 [Mazarakis, Michael G.; Fowler, William E.; LeChien, K. L.; Long, Finis W.; Matzen, M. Keith; McDaniel, D. H.; McKee, R. G.; Olson, C. L.; Porter, J. L.; Rogowski, S. T.; Struve, Kenneth W.; Stygar, W. A.; Woodworth, Joe R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Gilgenbach, Ronald M.; Gomez, M. R.; French, D. M.; Lau, Y. Y.; Zier, Jacob C.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [VanDevalde, D. M.] EG&G, Albuquerque, NM 87107 USA. [Sharpe, R. A.; Ward, K.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Kim, Alexander A.; Sinebryukhov, Vadim A.] Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. RP Mazarakis, MG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mgmazar@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 36 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 4 SI SI BP 704 EP 713 DI 10.1109/TPS.2009.2035318 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 581OC UT WOS:000276532400004 ER PT J AU Tang, V Adams, ML Rusnak, B AF Tang, V. Adams, M. L. Rusnak, B. TI Dense Plasma Focus Z-Pinches for High-Gradient Particle Acceleration SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE Accelerators; neutron sources; particle beams; plasma applications; plasma focus; plasma pinch; plasma sheaths ID NEUTRON-PRODUCTION; ION-ACCELERATION; ENERGY-SPECTRA; BEAM; ELECTRON; DEVICE; DISCHARGES; EMISSION; PERSPECTIVES; MECHANISM AB The final Z-pinch stage of a dense plasma focus (DPF) could be used as a simple, compact, and potentially rugged plasma-based high-gradient accelerator with fields at the 100-MV/m level. In this paper, we review previously published experimental beam data that indicate the feasibility of such a DPF-based accelerator, qualitatively discuss the physical acceleration processes in terms of the induced voltages, and as a starting point, examine the DPF acceleration potential by numerically applying a self-consistent DPF system model that includes the induced voltage from both macroscopic and instability-driven plasma dynamics. Applications to the remote detection of high explosives and a multistaged acceleration concept are briefly discussed. C1 [Tang, V.; Adams, M. L.; Rusnak, B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tang, V (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM tang23@llnl.gov NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 4 SI SI BP 719 EP 727 DI 10.1109/TPS.2009.2037504 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 581OC UT WOS:000276532400006 ER PT J AU Webb, TJ Hahn, KD Johnston, MD Oliver, BV Welch, DR AF Webb, Timothy J. Hahn, Kelly D. Johnston, Mark D. Oliver, Bryan V. Welch, Dale R. TI Energy and Current Density Measurements of RITS-6 Large-Area Diode Electron Beam SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Beam diagnostics; depth-dose measurements; induction voltage adders; intense relativistic electron beams AB The depth-dose measurements of Radiographic Integrated Test Stand-6 large-area diode electron beam operating at approximately 10-MV peak voltage suggest a 10 +/- 0.5-MeV equivalent monoenergetic electron beam. The unfolded electron spectrum reveals electrons > 1 MeV above the peak magnetically insulated transmission line voltage. The 1-D slices of the beam spatial profile obtained in the depth-dose measurements observe greater than 20% nonuniformity in the beam current density. The time-resolved measurements of the beam current density profile using images of beam-generated Cerenkov light show 2-D nonuniformities in the beam current density that change slowly during the 60-ns pulse, which do not depend strongly on the cathode surface condition. C1 [Webb, Timothy J.; Hahn, Kelly D.; Johnston, Mark D.; Oliver, Bryan V.] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Radiog Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Webb, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Radiog Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tjwebb@sandia.gov; kdhahn@sandia.gov; mdjohn@sandia.gov; bvolive@sandia.gov; dalew@vosssci.com FU Sandia [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX First published March 4, 2010; current version published April 9, 2010. This work was supported by Sandia, which is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U. S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 4 BP 923 EP 932 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2042306 PN 4 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 581ON UT WOS:000276533600004 ER PT J AU Kotulski, JD Coats, RS Pasik, MF Ulrickson, M AF Kotulski, Joseph D. Coats, Rebecca S. Pasik, Michael F. Ulrickson, Michael TI Electromagnetic Analysis of Forces and Torques on the Baseline and Enhanced ITER Shield Modules due to Plasma Disruption SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Eddy-current analysis; electromagnetic-force computation; ITER AB An electromagnetic analysis is performed on the ITER shield modules under different plasma-disruption scenarios using the OPERA-3d software. The models considered include the baseline design as provided by the International Organization and an enhanced design that includes the more realistic geometrical features of a shield module. The modeling procedure is explained, electromagnetic torques are presented, and results of the modeling are discussed. C1 [Kotulski, Joseph D.; Coats, Rebecca S.; Pasik, Michael F.; Ulrickson, Michael] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kotulski, JD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jdkotul@sandia.gov NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1047 EP 1051 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2041364 PN 4 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 581ON UT WOS:000276533600023 ER PT J AU Diamant, KD Pollard, JE Raitses, Y Fisch, NJ AF Diamant, Kevin D. Pollard, James E. Raitses, Yevgeny Fisch, Nathaniel J. TI Ionization, Plume Properties, and Performance of Cylindrical Hall Thrusters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Charge state; Hall thruster; ion flux; performance; plume AB It is shown experimentally that the cylindrical Hall thruster (CHT) produces a highly ionized plasma flow with mass utilization efficiencies greater than 100% due to generation of multicharged ions. For the CHT employing geometries with and without a short annular section, used to enhance ionization, plume divergence reductions of approximately 25% were demonstrated by running a cathode-keeper discharge along with the main cathode-anode discharge. Thruster anode efficiencies varied from approximately 15% to 35% over input powers from 70 to 220 W. A 2-A keeper discharge resulted in an approximately 20% increase in anode specific impulse for both geometries, and the specific impulse for the case of no annular section was, on average, 13% higher than that with the annular section. The multicharged ion fraction increased with keeper current, and the quantity of channel erosion products in the plume was correlated with that of multicharged ions. C1 [Diamant, Kevin D.; Pollard, James E.] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Raitses, Yevgeny; Fisch, Nathaniel J.] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Diamant, KD (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. EM kevin.d.diamant@aero.org; james.e.pollard@aero.org; yraitses@pppl.gov; fisch@princeton.edu FU Aerospace Corporation FX First published March 18, 2010; current version published April 9, 2010. This work was supported by The Aerospace Corporation's Independent Research and Development Program. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1052 EP 1057 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2042623 PN 4 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 581ON UT WOS:000276533600024 ER PT J AU Brislawn, CM AF Brislawn, Christopher M. TI Group Lifting Structures for Multirate Filter Banks I: Uniqueness of Lifting Factorizations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Filter bank; group; lifting; linear phase filter; polyphase; unique factorization; wavelet ID PRODUCT GROUP-APPROACH; SYMMETRIC-EXTENSION; WAVELET TRANSFORMS; CONSTRUCTION; SCHEME; DESIGN; SIGNAL; BASES AB Group lifting structures are introduced to provide an algebraic framework for studying lifting factorizations of two-channel perfect reconstruction finite-impulse-response (FIR) filter banks. The lifting factorizations generated by a group lifting structure are characterized by Abelian groups of lower and upper triangular lifting matrices, an Abelian group of unimodular gain scaling matrices, and a set of base filter banks. Examples of group lifting structures are given for linear phase lifting factorizations of the two nontrivial classes of two-channel linear phase FIR filter banks, the whole-and half-sample symmetric classes, including both the reversible and irreversible cases. This covers the lifting specifications for whole-sample symmetric filter banks in Parts 1 and 2 of the ISO/IEC JPEG 2000 still image coding standard. The theory is used to address the uniqueness of lifting factorizations. With no constraints on the lifting process, it is shown that lifting factorizations are highly nonunique. When certain hypotheses developed in the paper are satisfied, however, lifting factorizations generated by a group lifting structure are shown to be unique. A companion paper applies the uniqueness results proven in this paper to the linear phase group lifting structures for whole-and half-sample symmetric filter banks. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brislawn, CM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM brislawn@lanl.gov RI Zhang, Wenjun/G-2958-2011 FU Los Alamos Laboratory-Directed Research & Development Program; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work was supported by the Los Alamos Laboratory-Directed Research & Development Program. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD APR PY 2010 VL 58 IS 4 BP 2068 EP 2077 DI 10.1109/TSP.2009.2039816 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 566LD UT WOS:000275370800011 ER PT J AU Brislawn, CM AF Brislawn, Christopher M. TI Group Lifting Structures for Multirate Filter Banks II: Linear Phase Filter Banks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Filter bank; group; lifting; linear phase filter; polyphase; unique factorization; wavelet AB The theory of group lifting structures is applied to linear phase lifting factorizations for the two nontrivial classes of two-channel linear phase perfect reconstruction filter banks, the whole- and half-sample symmetric classes. Group lifting structures defined for the reversible and irreversible classes of whole- and half-sample symmetric filter banks are shown to satisfy the hypotheses of the uniqueness theorem for group lifting structures. It follows that linear phase group lifting factorizations of whole- and half-sample symmetric filter banks are therefore independent of the factorization methods used to construct them. These results cover the specification of whole- sample symmetric filter banks in the ISO/IEC JPEG 2000 image coding standard. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brislawn, CM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM brislawn@lanl.gov RI Zhang, Wenjun/G-2958-2011 FU Los Alamos Laboratory-Directed Research & Development Program; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work was supported by the Los Alamos Laboratory-Directed Research & Development Program. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD APR PY 2010 VL 58 IS 4 BP 2078 EP 2087 DI 10.1109/TSP.2009.2039818 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 566LD UT WOS:000275370800012 ER PT J AU Still, KR Gardner, DE Snyder, R Anderson, TJ Honeyman, JO Timchalk, C AF Still, Kenneth R. Gardner, Donald E. Snyder, Robert Anderson, Thomas J. Honeyman, James O. Timchalk, Charles TI Development of occupational exposure limits for the Hanford tank farms SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Production of plutonium for the United States' nuclear weapons program from the 1940s to the 1980s generated 53 million gallons of radioactive chemical waste, which is stored in 177 underground tanks at the Hanford site in southeastern Washington State. Recent attempts to begin the retrieval and treatment of these wastes require moving the waste to more modern tanks and result in potential exposure of the workers to unfamiliar odors emanating from headspace in the tanks. Given the unknown risks involved, workers were placed on supplied air respiratory protection. CH2MHILL, the managers of the Hanford site tank farms, asked an Independent Toxicology Panel (ITP) to assist them in issues relating to an industrial hygiene and risk assessment problem. The ITP was called upon to help determine the risk of exposure to vapors from the tanks, and in general develop a strategy for solution of the problem. This paper presents the methods used to determine the chemicals of potential concern (COPCs) and the resultant development of screening values and Acceptable Occupational Exposure Limits (AOELs) for these COPCs. A total of 1826 chemicals were inventoried and evaluated. Over 1500 chemicals were identified in the waste tanks headspaces and more than 600 of these were assigned screening values; 72 of these compounds were recommended for AOEL development. Included in this list of 72 were 57 COPCs identified by the ITP and of these 47 were subsequently assigned AOELs. An exhaustive exposure assessment strategy was developed by the CH2MHILL industrial hygiene department to evaluate these COPCs. 1 s(-1) G '' increases faster than G', yet not in any proportion to the omega. C1 [Cao, Yutong; Liu, Zhaofeng; Gao, Xianghua; Yu, Junrong; Hu, Zuming] Donghua Univ, State Key Lab Modificat Chem Fibers & Polymer Mat, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China. [Liang, Ziqi] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Cao, YT (reprint author), Donghua Univ, State Key Lab Modificat Chem Fibers & Polymer Mat, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China. EM caoyt@hotmail.com; lzf@dhu.edu.cn RI Liang, Ziqi/G-9312-2011 FU Industrial Technology Development Foundation of National Development and Reform Commission of China FX We are grateful for valuable discussions with Zhusheng Zhou, Qingji Wu, Xingsheng Zhu. This work was supported by Industrial Technology Development Foundation of National Development and Reform Commission of China. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 15 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-0067 J9 INT J MOL SCI JI Int. J. Mol. Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 11 IS 4 BP 1352 EP 1364 DI 10.3390/ijms11041352 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 589BP UT WOS:000277119800009 PM 20480024 ER PT J AU Nixon, ME Cazacu, O Lebensohn, RA AF Nixon, Michael E. Cazacu, Oana Lebensohn, Ricardo A. TI Anisotropic response of high-purity alpha-titanium: Experimental characterization and constitutive modeling SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE Twinning; alpha-Titanium; Tension-compression asymmetry; Orthotropic elasto-plastic model; Finite element ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; HEXAGONAL MATERIALS; PLASTIC ANISOTROPY; TEXTURE EVOLUTION; YIELD CRITERION; STRAIN-RATE; DEFORMATION; TI-6AL-4V; ALLOY; MAGNESIUM AB This paper presents a comprehensive experimental and theoretical investigation of the deformation behavior of high-purity, polycrystalline alpha-titanium under quasi-static conditions at room temperature. The initial material in this study was a cross-rolled plate with a strong basal texture. To quantify the plastic anisotropy and the tension-compression asymmetry of this material, monotonic tensile and compressive tests were conducted, on samples cut along different directions of the plate. A new anisotropic elastic/plastic model was developed to describe the quasi-static macroscopic response of the aggregate. Key in its formulation is the use of an anisotropic yield criterion that captures strength-differential effects and an anisotropic hardening rule that accounts for texture evolution associated to twinning. A very good agreement between FE simulations using the model developed and uniaxial data was obtained. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cazacu, Oana] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, REEF, Shalimar, FL 32539 USA. [Nixon, Michael E.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Lebensohn, Ricardo A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cazacu, O (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, REEF, 1350 N Posquito Rd, Shalimar, FL 32539 USA. EM nixon@eglin.af.mil; cazacu@reef.ufl.edu; lebenso@lanl.gov RI Lebensohn, Ricardo/A-2494-2008; Cazacu, Oana/L-4635-2016 OI Lebensohn, Ricardo/0000-0002-3152-9105; Cazacu, Oana/0000-0002-2499-9096 FU US Air Force [FA 8651-05-1-0005] FX The texture measurements reported in this paper were conducted at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) by Dr. Sven Vogel, whose help and input are gratefully acknowledged. O. Cazacu gratefully acknowledges the partial support for this work provided by US Air Force, Grant FA 8651-05-1-0005. NR 36 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PD APR PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 BP 516 EP 532 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2009.08.007 PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 578BK UT WOS:000276268200004 ER PT J AU Mathias, SA Tsang, CF van Reeuwijk, M AF Mathias, Simon A. Tsang, Chin-Fu van Reeuwijk, Maarten TI Investigation of hydromechanical processes during cyclic extraction recovery testing of a deformable rock fracture SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INJECTION; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; FIELD C1 [Mathias, Simon A.] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, England. [Tsang, Chin-Fu] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tsang, Chin-Fu] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London, England. [van Reeuwijk, Maarten] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, London, England. RP Mathias, SA (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, England. EM s.a.mathias@durham.ac.uk RI Mathias, Simon/B-6038-2008; van Reeuwijk, Maarten/C-2708-2008; OI Mathias, Simon/0000-0003-3054-9056; van Reeuwijk, Maarten/0000-0003-4840-5050 FU WorleyParsons EcoNomicsTM FX This project was funded by the WorleyParsons EcoNomicsTM initiative. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 47 IS 3 BP 517 EP 522 DI 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2009.12.008 PG 6 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 571VL UT WOS:000275783900018 ER PT J AU Wang, M Wang, JK Li, ZX AF Wang, M. Wang, J. K. Li, Z. X. TI A lattice Boltzmann algorithm for fluid-solid conjugate heat transfer (vol 46, pg 228, 2007) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES LA English DT Correction C1 [Wang, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wang, M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Wang, J. K.; Li, Z. X.] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Wang, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS T003, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM moralwang@jhu.edu NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1290-0729 J9 INT J THERM SCI JI Int. J. Therm. Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 49 IS 4 BP 740 EP 740 DI 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2009.11.003 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 561JE UT WOS:000274971400014 ER PT J AU Belnap, CP Pan, C VerBerkmoes, NC Power, ME Samatova, NF Carver, RL Hettich, RL Banfield, JF AF Belnap, Christopher P. Pan, Chongle VerBerkmoes, Nathan C. Power, Mary E. Samatova, Nagiza F. Carver, Rudolf L. Hettich, Robert L. Banfield, Jillian F. TI Cultivation and quantitative proteomic analyses of acidophilic microbial communities SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE proteomics; acid mine drainage; biofilm ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; TARGETED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; SP-NOV; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN; MICROORGANISMS; IRON; LEPTOSPIRILLUM; EXPRESSION AB Acid mine drainage (AMD), an extreme environment characterized by low pH and high metal concentrations, can support dense acidophilic microbial biofilm communities that rely on chemoautotrophic production based on iron oxidation. Field determined production rates indicate that, despite the extreme conditions, these communities are sufficiently well adapted to their habitats to achieve primary production rates comparable to those of microbial communities occurring in some non-extreme environments. To enable laboratory studies of growth, production and ecology of AMD microbial communities, a culturing system was designed to reproduce natural biofilms, including organisms recalcitrant to cultivation. A comprehensive metabolic labeling-based quantitative proteomic analysis was used to verify that natural and laboratory communities were comparable at the functional level. Results confirmed that the composition and core metabolic activities of laboratory-grown communities were similar to a natural community, including the presence of active, low abundance bacteria and archaea that have not yet been isolated. However, laboratory growth rates were slow compared with natural communities, and this correlated with increased abundance of stress response proteins for the dominant bacteria in laboratory communities. Modification of cultivation conditions reduced the abundance of stress response proteins and increased laboratory community growth rates. The research presented here represents the first description of the application of a metabolic labeling-based quantitative proteomic analysis at the community level and resulted in a model microbial community system ideal for testing physiological and ecological hypotheses. The ISME Journal (2010) 4, 520-530; doi:10.1038/ismej.2009.139; published online 24 December 2009 C1 [Banfield, Jillian F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Microbiol Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Belnap, Christopher P.; Banfield, Jillian F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Microbiol Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pan, Chongle; VerBerkmoes, Nathan C.; Hettich, Robert L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Power, Mary E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Samatova, Nagiza F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Carver, Rudolf L.] Iron Mt Superfund Facil, Redding, CA USA. RP Banfield, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Microbiol Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jbanfield@berkeley.edu RI Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016 OI Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X FU US Department of Energy Genomics; NSF; NASA Astrobiology Institute FX Mr Ted Arman (President, Iron Mountain Mines) and Dr Richard Sugarek are thanked for site access and other assistance. We also thank Mike Zach, Andy Thompson and Becca Ryals for technical assistance. Vincent Denef and Paul Wilmes are thanked for helpful discussions. This research was supported by the US Department of Energy Genomics: GTL and ASCR programs, the NSF Biocomplexity Program and the NASA Astrobiology Institute. NR 50 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1751-7362 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 4 IS 4 BP 520 EP 530 DI 10.1038/ismej.2009.139 PG 11 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 572RS UT WOS:000275851100007 PM 20033068 ER PT J AU Boyce, BL Huang, JY Miller, DC Kennedy, MS AF Boyce, B. L. Huang, J. Y. Miller, D. C. Kennedy, M. S. TI Deformation and failure of small-scale structures SO JOM LA English DT Editorial Material ID NANOWIRES C1 [Boyce, B. L.; Huang, J. Y.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Kennedy, M. S.] Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. RP Boyce, BL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Huang, Jianyu/C-5183-2008; Boyce, Brad/H-5045-2012 OI Boyce, Brad/0000-0001-5994-1743 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD APR PY 2010 VL 62 IS 4 BP 62 EP 63 DI 10.1007/s11837-010-0061-3 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 584RL UT WOS:000276770100011 ER PT J AU Lewis, ER AF Lewis, Ernie R. TI Comment on "Measurements of the temperature dependent diffusion coefficient of nanoparticles in the range of 295-600 K at atmospheric pressure" by VY Rudyak, SN Dubtsov, AM Baklanov SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Diffusion coefficient temperature dependence; Nanoparticles; Ultra-fine aerosol particles; CMD correlation ID SLIP CORRECTION MEASUREMENTS; SPHERICAL-PARTICLES; MOBILITY; MOTION AB In a recent paper in this journal, Rudyak, Dubtsov, and Baklanov (2009) presented results of measurements of the penetration of nanoparticles with diameters from 3.5 to 84 nm at temperatures from similar to 300 to 600 K through a set of wire screens, from which they inferred diffusion coefficients. They argued that the formulation typically used for C. the Cunningham correction that accounts for non-continuum effects on the diffusion of nanoparticles, is not valid for temperatures greater than similar to 300 K, and they proposed a modification of this formulation which depends on both temperature and particle size. It is shown here that this modification produces unphysical results in that it yields negative values of the momentum accommodation coefficient. A likely reason for their results is that they used a polydisperse size distribution, for which the main contribution to the measured penetration would be from particles at sizes far from those attributed to them. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lewis, ER (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Div Atmospher Sci, Bldg 815E, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM elewis@bnl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 41 IS 4 BP 418 EP 425 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2010.02.001 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 590HH UT WOS:000277215600009 ER PT J AU Chapman, KW Chupas, PJ Halder, GJ Hriljac, JA Kurtz, C Greve, BK Ruschman, CJ Wilkinson, AP AF Chapman, Karena W. Chupas, Peter J. Halder, Gregory J. Hriljac, Joseph A. Kurtz, Charles Greve, Benjamin K. Ruschman, Chad J. Wilkinson, Angus P. TI Optimizing high-pressure pair distribution function measurements in diamond anvil cells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID REFRACTIVE LENSES; IN-SITU; BATIO3; RANGE; TEMPERATURE; DIFFRACTION; MECHANISM; EQUATION; DETECTOR; STATE AB Pair distribution function (PDF) methods have great potential for the study of diverse high-pressure phenomena. However, the measurement of high-quality, high-resolution X-ray PDF data (to Q(max) > 20 angstrom(-1)) remains a technical challenge. An optimized approach to measuring high-pressure total scattering data for samples contained within a diamond anvil cell (DAC) is presented here. This method takes into account the coupled influences of instrument parameters (photon energy, detector type and positioning, beam size/shape, focusing), pressure-cell parameters (target pressure range, DAC type, diamonds, pressure-transmitting media, backing plates, pressure calibration) and data reduction on the resulting PDF. The efficacy of our approach is demonstrated by the high-quality, high-pressure PDFs obtained for representative materials spanning strongly and weakly scattering systems, and crystalline and amorphous samples. These are the highest-resolution high-pressure PDFs reported to date and include those for alpha-alumina (to Q(max) = 20 angstrom(-1)), BaTiO(3) (to Q(max) = 30 angstrom(-1)) and pressure-amorphized zeolite (to Q(max) = 20 angstrom(-1)). C1 [Chapman, Karena W.; Chupas, Peter J.; Kurtz, Charles] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hriljac, Joseph A.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Chem, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Halder, Gregory J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Greve, Benjamin K.; Ruschman, Chad J.; Wilkinson, Angus P.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Chapman, KW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chapmank@aps.anl.gov; chupas@anl.gov RI Wilkinson, Angus/C-3408-2008; Kurtz, Chalres/G-1037-2011; Chapman, Karena/G-5424-2012; Halder, Gregory/C-5357-2013 OI Wilkinson, Angus/0000-0003-2904-400X; Kurtz, Chalres/0000-0003-2606-0864; FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSF [EAR-0622171, DMR-0605671, DMR-0905842]; DOE-Geosciences [DE-FG02-94ER14466] FX Work performed at Argonne National Laboratory and use of the Advanced Photon Source were supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Gasket preparation and ruby fluorescence measurements used the GSECARS facility (Sector 13), Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. GSECARS is supported by the NSF-Earth Sciences (EAR-0622171) and DOE-Geosciences (DE-FG02-94ER14466). APW is grateful for financial support from the NSF under grant Nos. DMR-0605671 and DMR-0905842. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2010 VL 43 BP 297 EP 307 DI 10.1107/S0021889810002050 PN 2 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 567GN UT WOS:000275432600013 ER PT J AU Brayshaw, SK Knight, JW Raithby, PR Savarese, TL Schiffers, S Teat, SJ Warren, JE Warren, MR AF Brayshaw, Simon K. Knight, Jason W. Raithby, Paul R. Savarese, Teresa L. Schiffers, Stefanie Teat, Simon J. Warren, John E. Warren, Mark R. TI Photocrystallography - design and methodology for the use of a light-emitting diode device SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SUPRAMOLECULAR SOLIDS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; EXCITED-STATE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; EXCITATION; COMPLEXES; ISOMER AB With the increase in interest in photocrystallographic experiments, the use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) provides an alternative, low-budget light source (by comparison to lasers) and allows photocrystallographic experiments to be carried out readily. Here the design of an LED array device suitable for use in single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments is reported, and the experimental methodology used for determining the structures of metastable species is described. C1 [Brayshaw, Simon K.; Raithby, Paul R.; Savarese, Teresa L.; Schiffers, Stefanie; Warren, John E.; Warren, Mark R.] Univ Bath, Dept Chem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Knight, Jason W.; Teat, Simon J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94721 USA. [Warren, John E.] STFC Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. RP Raithby, PR (reprint author), Univ Bath, Dept Chem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. EM p.r.raithby@bath.ac.uk RI Warren, John/B-5219-2008; Raithby, Paul/N-7997-2014 OI Warren, John/0000-0002-8755-7981; Raithby, Paul/0000-0002-2944-0662 FU EPSRC; STFC; Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; States of Jersey FX We are grateful to the EPSRC and STFC for funding and for the award of beamtime. The Advanced Light Source is also acknowledged for granting beamtime, which is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. PRR is grateful to the EPSRC for the award of a senior fellowship and SS and MRW for the award of studentships. TLS is grateful to the States of Jersey for the award of a studentship. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2010 VL 43 BP 337 EP 340 DI 10.1107/S0021889810004759 PN 2 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 567GN UT WOS:000275432600017 ER PT J AU Niu, SJ Jia, XC Sang, JR Liu, XL Lu, CS Liu, YG AF Niu, Shengjie Jia, Xingcan Sang, Jianren Liu, Xiaoli Lu, Chunsong Liu, Yangang TI Distributions of Raindrop Sizes and Fall Velocities in a Semiarid Plateau Climate: Convective versus Stratiform Rains SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WALDVOGEL RAINFALL DISDROMETER; TERMINAL VELOCITIES; DROP SIZE; PRECIPITATION; RADAR; SPECTRA; HYDROMETEORS; SIMULATIONS; CLOUDS; SCHEME AB Joint size and fall velocity distributions of raindrops were measured with a Particle Size and Velocity (PARSIVEL) precipitation particle disdrometer in a field experiment conducted during July and August 2007 at a semiarid continental site located in Guyuan, Ningxia Province, China (36 degrees N, 106 degrees 16'E). Data from both stratiform and convective clouds are analyzed. Comparison of the observed raindrop size distributions shows that the increase of convective rain rates arises from the increases of both drop concentration and drop diameter while the increase of the rain rate in the stratiform clouds is mainly due to the increase of median and large drop concentration. Another striking contrast between the stratiform and convective rains is that the size distributions from the stratiform (convective) rains tend to narrow (broaden) with increasing rain rates. Statistical analysis of the distribution pattern shows that the observed size distributions from both rain types can be well described by the gamma distribution. Examination of the raindrop fall velocity reveals that the difference in air density leads to a systematic change in the drop fall velocity while organized air motions (updrafts and downdrafts), turbulence, drop breakup, and coalescence likely cause the large spread of drop fall velocity, along with additional systematic deviation from terminal velocity at certain raindrop diameters. Small (large) drops tend to have superterminal (subterminal) velocities statistically, with the positive deviation from the terminal velocity of small drops being much larger than the negative deviation of large drops. C1 [Niu, Shengjie; Jia, Xingcan; Liu, Xiaoli; Lu, Chunsong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Sch Atmospher Phys, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Sang, Jianren] Ningxia Inst Meteorol Sci, Ningxia, Peoples R China. [Liu, Yangang] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Niu, SJ (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Sch Atmospher Phys, Nanjing, Peoples R China. EM niusj@nuist.edu.cn RI Liu, Yangang/H-6154-2011; Lu, Chunsong/F-2645-2013; Lu, Chunsong/K-7124-2013 OI Lu, Chunsong/0000-0002-8967-0371 FU Chinese National Science Foundation [40537034]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2006BAC12B00-01-01-07]; U.S. Department of Energy FX This study is mainly supported by the Chinese National Science Foundation under Grant 40537034-"Observational Study on Rainfall Physical Processes and Seeding Effect of Stratiform Cloud''-and by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under Grant 2006BAC12B00-01-01-07-"Critical Technology and Equipment Development in Weather Modification.'' Author Y. Liu is supported by the ARM Program of the U.S. Department of Energy. The authors thank Drs. Mitchell at DRI and Heymsfield at NCAR for their stimulating suggestions. The authors also thank their colleagues at the Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics and Environment of the China Meteorological Administration and Ningxia Institute of Meteorological Science for their support during the field experiment. NR 48 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 49 IS 4 BP 632 EP 645 DI 10.1175/2009JAMC2208.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 594KU UT WOS:000277537400006 ER PT J AU Ahart, M Mao, HK Cohen, RE Hemley, RJ Samara, GA Bing, YH Ye, ZG Kojima, S AF Ahart, Muhtar Mao, Ho-kwang Cohen, R. E. Hemley, Russell J. Samara, George A. Bing, Yonghong Ye, Zuo-Guang Kojima, Seiji TI Pressure effects on relaxor ferroelectricity in disordered Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O-3 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PHASE-TRANSITION; BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; BEHAVIOR; PEROVSKITES; CROSSOVER; ORDER; MODE AB High-pressure Brillouin and Raman scattering spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction measurements were carried out on disordered Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O-3, considered to be a model system for phase transitions in relaxor ferroelectrics and related materials. The observed pressure-dependent Raman spectra are unusual, with the relaxor state distinguished by broad Raman bands. Raman spectra as a function of pressure reveal a new peak at 370 cm(-1), with two peaks near 550 cm(-1) merge above 2-3 GPa, indicating a structural phase transition in this pressure range consistent with earlier dielectric measurements. A significant softening in the longitudinal acoustic mode is observed by Brillouin scattering. Both the temperature and pressure dependencies of the linewidth reveal that the longitudinal acoustic mode softening arises from electrostrictive coupling between polar nanoregions and acoustic modes. X-ray diffraction indicates that the pressure-volume compression curve changes near 2 GPa. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3369278] C1 [Ahart, Muhtar; Mao, Ho-kwang; Cohen, R. E.; Hemley, Russell J.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Samara, George A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87175 USA. [Bing, Yonghong; Ye, Zuo-Guang] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Bing, Yonghong; Ye, Zuo-Guang] Simon Fraser Univ, LABS 4D, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Kojima, Seiji] Univ Tsukuba, Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. RP Ahart, M (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM maihaiti@ciw.edu RI Cohen, Ronald/B-3784-2010; Kojima, Seiji/L-9006-2016 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-5871-2359; Kojima, Seiji/0000-0003-1933-9269 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-02-1-0506, N00014-06-10166, N00014-07-1-0451]; Carnegie/DOE Alliance Center (CDAC) [DE-FC03-03NA00144]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; MEXT, Japan [16204032] FX We thank S. Gramsch and E. L. Venturini for useful discussions, and R. Yang for help with x-ray diffraction experiments. This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research under Grants N00014-02-1-0506, N00014-06-10166, and N00014-07-1-0451 and the Carnegie/DOE Alliance Center (CDAC) under Grant DE-FC03-03NA00144. The work at Sandia National Laboratory was supported U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. This research also was supported in part by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), 2005, Grant No. 16204032, and by the 21st Century COE program under MEXT, Japan. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 7 AR 074110 DI 10.1063/1.3369278 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 585AA UT WOS:000276795400069 ER PT J AU Cheng, J Chen, S Vianco, PT Li, JCM AF Cheng, Jing Chen, Samuel Vianco, Paul T. Li, James C. M. TI Quantitative analysis for hillocks grown from electroplated Sn film SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUS WHISKER GROWTH; THIN TIN FILMS; IMPRESSION CREEP; ELECTROMIGRATION; DIFFUSION; TRACER; CU AB Tin (Sn) films of 1 mu m thick and 2-3 mu m grain size were electroplated over a silicon (Si) wafer. The wafer was first deposited with an adhesion layer of chromium (Cr) followed by a nickel (Ni) using the evaporation technique. A special fixture was used to apply a biaxial compressive stress to the Sn film. After exposing the sample to 160 degrees C under vacuum for seven days, large hillocks were observed having dimensions of 10-30 mu m in diameter and 30-150 mu m in length. The hillock density was approximately seven per square mm. A quantitative method was developed using surface mapping and MATLAB (TM) to estimate the volume of hillocks per unit area of the Sn film and thus, to relate that volume to the local compressive stress. The rate of growth was modeled as a flow of Sn atoms along the Sn/Ni interface under the applied pressure gradient. Reasonable viscosity and self-diffusivity were calculated, which suggested that Sn/Ni interface diffusion was potentially the mechanism for hillock growth. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3359658] C1 [Cheng, Jing; Li, James C. M.] Univ Rochester, Mat Sci Program, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Chen, Samuel] Eastman Kodak Co, Rochester, NY 14559 USA. [Vianco, Paul T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cheng, J (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Mat Sci Program, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM jicheng@me.rochester.edu FU Sandia National Laboratory [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This research was supported by Sandia National Laboratory through the efforts of Dr. Paul T. Vianco under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. We acknowledge with thanks the Eastman Kodak Co. for the use of FIB facility through Dr. Samuel Chen. We also appreciate Steven Stoker of EKC for assistance and careful preparation of the TEM samples. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 7 AR 074902 DI 10.1063/1.3359658 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 585AA UT WOS:000276795400093 ER PT J AU Franco, A Zapf, VS Barbeta, VB Jardim, RF AF Franco, A., Jr. Zapf, V. S. Barbeta, V. B. Jardim, R. F. TI Spin-wave fluctuations in ferrimagnetic MgxFe3-xO4 nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; CURIE-TEMPERATURE; MAGNESIUM FERRITE; PARTICLES; NICKEL; FERROFLUID; DEPENDENCE; MOSSBAUER; PRESSURE; CLUSTERS AB We have performed a systematic study of the magnetic properties of a series of ferrimagnetic nanoparticles of MgxFe3-xO4 (0.8 <= x <= 1.5) prepared by the combustion reaction method. The magnetization data can be well fitted by Bloch's law with T-3/2. Bloch's constant B determined from the fitting procedure was found to increase with Mg content x from similar to 3.09 X 10(-5) K-3/2 for x = 0.8 to 6.27 X 10(-5) K-3/2 for x=1.5. The exchange integral J(AB) and the spin-wave stiffness constant D of MgxFe3-xO4 nanoparticles were also determined as similar to 0.842 and 0.574 meV and 296 and 202 meV angstrom(2) for specimens with x=0.8 and 1.5, respectively. These results are discussed in terms of cation redistribution among A and B sites on these nanostructured spinel ferrites. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3359709] C1 [Franco, A., Jr.] Univ Fed Goias, Inst Fis, BR-74001970 Goiania, Go, Brazil. [Zapf, V. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Barbeta, V. B.] Ctr Univ FEI, Dept Fis, BR-09850901 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Jardim, R. F.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Franco, A (reprint author), Univ Fed Goias, Inst Fis, CP 131, BR-74001970 Goiania, Go, Brazil. EM franco@if.ufg.br RI Barbeta, Vagner/F-2488-2010; Zapf, Vivien/K-5645-2013; Nanotecnologias, Inct/I-2407-2013; Jardim, Renato/J-8068-2014; Franco Jr, Adolfo/L-3515-2014 OI Barbeta, Vagner/0000-0001-8023-7080; Zapf, Vivien/0000-0002-8375-4515; Jardim, Renato/0000-0002-2000-0257; Franco Jr, Adolfo/0000-0001-6428-6640 FU FUNAPE-UFG; CNPq [308706/2007-2]; NSF; DOE; State of Florida; FAPESP FX We are grateful for the financial support provided by the Brazilian agencies FUNAPE-UFG and CNPq. Work at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory at Los Alamos National Laboratory was supported by NSF, the DOE, and the State of Florida. Work at the Universidade de Sao Paulo was supported by the Brazilian agencies FAPESP and CNPq. One of us (R.F.J.) is a CNPq fellow under Grant No. 308706/2007-2. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 7 AR 073904 DI 10.1063/1.3359709 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 585AA UT WOS:000276795400047 ER PT J AU Mendelev, MI Kramer, MJ AF Mendelev, M. I. Kramer, M. J. TI Reliability of methods of computer simulation of structure of amorphous alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REVERSE MONTE-CARLO; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; LIQUID; SOLIDS; RMC; CU AB We took a model created by the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with a semiempirical potential as a target system and explored how its amorphous structure and a few other properties depend on the simulation method. We found that if the cooling rate is too high, 10(13)-10(14) K/s, the system has no time to adjust its structure to the change in temperature/density. Since this cooling corresponds to a typical ab initio MD simulation, this brings into doubt that an equilibrium glass structure can be obtained using ab initio MD simulation. We also used the target partial pair correlation functions (PPCFs) to explore a possibility to create the atomic models from diffraction data alone. We were able to create models with the PPCFs, which nearly coincided with the target ones. Nevertheless, we found that the potential energy of the quenched states and the distribution of the Voronoi polyhedra in the models created from PPCFs were different than the target quantities. This study shows that reverse Monte Carlo technique used to analyze the diffraction data can result in a considerably more disordered structure than the target structure. c 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3359710] C1 [Mendelev, M. I.; Kramer, M. J.] Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Mendelev, MI (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mendelev@ameslab.gov FU Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 7 AR 073505 DI 10.1063/1.3359710 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 585AA UT WOS:000276795400019 ER PT J AU Sundaram, VM Soni, A Russo, RE Wen, SB AF Sundaram, Vijay M. Soni, Alok Russo, Richard E. Wen, Sy-Bor TI Analysis of nanopatterning through near field effects with femtosecond and nanosecond lasers on semiconducting and metallic targets SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; DIFFRACTION LIMIT; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES; PROBES; SCALE AB A systematic study was conducted to understand the size and shape of nanopatterns generated on selected semiconducting (Si and Ge) and metallic (Cr, Cu, and Ag) targets under different laser pulse durations, laser energies, and number of laser pulses. Based on the experimental results, femtosecond laser pulses, compared with nanosecond laser pulses, provide lower damage thresholds to the targets but higher damage thresholds to the near field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) probes at the wavelength (similar to 400-410 nm) studied. Furthermore, the resulting nanopatterns showed a significant dependence on the optical properties (i.e., absorption coefficient and surface reflectivity) of the target material. By comparing the obtained experimental results, we conclude that the optical energy transport from the NSOM probe to the target dominates the pattern generation when femtosecond laser is applied to the NSOM system. When nanosecond laser is applied, both the thermal and optical energy transported from the NSOM probe to the targets attribute to the obtained morphology of nanopatterns on different targets under the experimental conditions studied. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3366713] C1 [Sundaram, Vijay M.; Soni, Alok; Wen, Sy-Bor] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Russo, Richard E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wen, SB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM syborwen@tamu.edu FU National Science Foundation [CBET 0845794]; Texas Engineering Experiment Station (TEES) and Texas AM University FX This work is supported by National Science Foundation (Grant No. CBET 0845794) and the startup fund provided by the Texas Engineering Experiment Station (TEES) and Texas A&M University. The authors are also pleased to acknowledge helpful discussions and support from Xianglei Mao and Vasileia Zormpa at LBNL; Ralph Greif at UC Berkeley; Dave Diercks at University of North Texas. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 7 AR 074305 DI 10.1063/1.3366713 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 585AA UT WOS:000276795400074 ER PT J AU Sani, RK Rastogi, G Moberly, JG Dohnalkova, A Ginn, TR Spycher, N Shende, RV Peyton, BM AF Sani, Rajesh K. Rastogi, Gurdeep Moberly, James G. Dohnalkova, Alice Ginn, Timothy R. Spycher, Nicolas Shende, Rajesh V. Peyton, Brent M. TI The toxicity of lead to Desulfovibrio desulfuricans G20 in the presence of goethite and quartz SO JOURNAL OF BASIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heavy metals; Iron minerals; Sulfate-reducing bacteria; Pb-toxicity ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; HEAVY-METALS; IRON SULFIDES; REDUCTION; COPPER; SUBSURFACE; RESISTANCE; SURFACES; HEMATITE; URANIUM AB An aqueous mixture of goethite, quartz, and lead chloride (PbCl(2)) was treated with the sulfate-reducing bacterium, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans G20 (D. desulfuricans G20), in a medium specifically designed to assess metal toxicity. In the presence of 26 mu M of soluble Pb, together with the goethite and quartz, D. desulfuricans G20 grew after a lag time of 5 days compared to 2 days in Pb-, goethite-, and quartz-free treatments. In the absence of goethite and quartz, however, with 26 mu M soluble Pb, no measurable growth was observed. Results showed that D. desulfuricans G20 first removed Pb from solutions then growth began resulting in black precipitates of Pb and iron sulfides. Transmission electron microscopic analyses of thin sections of D. desulfuricans G20 treated with 10 mu M PbCl(2) in goethite- and quartz-free treatment showed the presence of a dense deposit of lead sulfide precipitates both in the periplasm and cytoplasm. However, thin sections of D. desulfuricans G20 treated with goethite, quartz, and PbCl(2) (26 mu M soluble Pb) showed the presence of a dense deposit of iron sulfide precipitates both in the periplasm and cytoplasm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, selected area electron diffraction patterns, or X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed the structure of precipitated Pb inside the cell as galena (PbS) in goethite- and quartz-free treatments, and iron sulfides in treatments with goethite, quartz, and PbCl(2). Overall results suggest that even at the same soluble Pb concentration (26 mu M), in the presence of goethite and quartz, apparent Pb toxicity to D. desulfuricans G20 decreased significantly. Further, accumulation of lead/iron sulfides inside D. desulfuricans G20 cells depended on the presence of goethite and quartz. C1 [Sani, Rajesh K.; Rastogi, Gurdeep; Shende, Rajesh V.] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Moberly, James G.; Peyton, Brent M.] Montana State Univ, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Dohnalkova, Alice] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ginn, Timothy R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Spycher, Nicolas] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Dept Geochem, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Sani, RK (reprint author), S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. EM Rajesh.Sani@sdsmt.edu RI Spycher, Nicolas/E-6899-2010; Peyton, Brent/G-5247-2015; OI Peyton, Brent/0000-0003-0033-0651; Moberly, James/0000-0003-0950-0952 FU Natural and Accelerated Bioremediation Research program; Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG03-98ER62630/A001, DE-FG03-01ER63270, DE-FG02-07-ER-64366]; National Science Foundation [0628258]; South Dakota Governors 2010 seed grant program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Natural and Accelerated Bioremediation Research program (now known as Environmental Remediation Science Program, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy (Grants #DE-FG03-98ER62630/A001, #DE-FG03-01ER63270, and #DE-FG02-07-ER-64366) and National Science Foundation Grant No. 0628258. In addition, Rajesh Sani acknowledges funding through the South Dakota Governors 2010 seed grant program. The HR-TEM imaging and analyses were performed at the W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility operated by Battelle for the U.S. DOE, located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, WA. We also thank the anonymous reviewers whose critiques were instrumental in improving the quality of our manuscript. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0233-111X J9 J BASIC MICROB JI J. Basic Microbiol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 50 IS 2 BP 160 EP 170 DI 10.1002/jobm.200900239 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 590FO UT WOS:000277210300006 PM 20082378 ER PT J AU Xu, YQ McArthur, DL Alger, JR Etchepare, M Hovda, DA Glenn, TC Huang, SC Dinov, I Vespa, PM AF Xu, Yueqiao McArthur, David L. Alger, Jeffry R. Etchepare, Maria Hovda, David A. Glenn, Thomas C. Huang, Sungcheng Dinov, Ivo Vespa, Paul M. TI Early nonischemic oxidative metabolic dysfunction leads to chronic brain atrophy in traumatic brain injury SO JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE atrophy; metabolism; MRI; positron emission tomography; traumatic brain injury ID IRREVERSIBLE TISSUE-DAMAGE; ISCHEMIC-INJURY; HEAD-INJURY; CHILDREN; MODERATE; CRISIS; MRI; MICRODIALYSIS; VOLUME; SCALE AB Chronic brain atrophy after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a well-known phenomenon, the causes of which are unknown. Early nonischemic reduction in oxidative metabolism is regionally associated with chronic brain atrophy after TBI. A total of 32 patients with moderate-to-severe TBI prospectively underwent positron emission tomography (PET) and volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within the first week and at 6 months after injury. Regional lobar assessments comprised oxidative metabolism and glucose metabolism. Acute MRI showed a preponderance of hemorrhagic lesions with few irreversible ischemic lesions. Global and regional chronic brain atrophy occurred in all patients by 6 months, with the temporal and frontal lobes exhibiting the most atrophy compared with the occipital lobe. Global and regional reduction in cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO(2)), cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and cerebral metabolic rate of glucose were observed. The extent of metabolic dysfunction was correlated with the total hemorrhage burden on initial MRI (r = 0.62, P = 0.01). The extent of regional brain atrophy correlated best with CMRO2 and CBF. Lobar values of OEF were not in the ischemic range and did not correlate with chronic brain atrophy. Chronic brain atrophy is regionally specific and associated with regional reductions in oxidative brain metabolism in the absence of irreversible ischemia. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism (2010) 30, 883-894; doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2009.263; published online 23 December 2009 C1 [Vespa, Paul M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Neurosurg, David Geffen Sch Med, Ronald Reagan UCLA Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Alger, Jeffry R.; Vespa, Paul M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Neurol, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Huang, Sungcheng] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Huang, Sungcheng] Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE Ctr Mol Med, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Xu, Yueqiao] Capital Med Univ, Dept Neurosurg, Xuanwu Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Vespa, PM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Neurosurg, David Geffen Sch Med, Ronald Reagan UCLA Med Ctr, 757 Westwood Blvd,Room RR 6236A, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM PVespa@mednet.ucla.edu RI McArthur, David/E-6442-2013; OI McArthur, David/0000-0003-3385-1314; Dinov, Ivo/0000-0003-3825-4375 FU California State Neurotrauma Initiative; [NS049471]; [NS02089] FX The research was supported by Grant nos NS049471, NS02089, and the California State Neurotrauma Initiative. NR 36 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0271-678X J9 J CEREBR BLOOD F MET JI J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. PD APR PY 2010 VL 30 IS 4 BP 883 EP 894 DI 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.263 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Hematology; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Hematology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 577BZ UT WOS:000276197200023 PM 20029449 ER PT J AU Theisen, K Smit, B Haranczyk, M AF Theisen, Kevin Smit, Berend Haranczyk, Maciej TI Chemical Hieroglyphs: Abstract Depiction of Complex Void Space Topology of Nanoporous Materials SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; MOLECULAR SIMULATIONS; SHAPE SELECTIVITY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; RIBBON MODELS; ZEOLITES; ADSORPTION; SEPARATION; DIFFUSION; MIXTURES AB In general, most porous materials are so complex that structural information cannot be easily observed with 3D visualization tools. To address this problem, we have developed a special abstract 2D representation to depict all important topological features and geometrical parameters. Our approach involves reducing these structures based on symmetry and perceived building blocks to a compressed, graph representation that allows for quick structure analysis, classification, and comparison. C1 [Haranczyk, Maciej] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Theisen, Kevin; Smit, Berend] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Smit, Berend] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Haranczyk, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 50F-1650, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mharanczyk@lbl.gov RI Smit, Berend/B-7580-2009; EFRC, CGS/I-6680-2012; Haranczyk, Maciej/A-6380-2014; Stangl, Kristin/D-1502-2015 OI Smit, Berend/0000-0003-4653-8562; Haranczyk, Maciej/0000-0001-7146-9568; FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-ACO2-05CH11231]; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research [CSNEW918]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001015] FX We would like to thank Prof. Vladislav Blatov and Prof. Davide Proserpio for provision of the zeolite structures contained in IZA database in a format suitable for the TOPOS package as well as their invaluable help regarding its use. M.H. is a 2008 Seaborg Fellow at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. This research was supported in part (to M.H.) by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-ACO2-05CH11231. This work was also supported in part (to M.H.) jointly by DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences and the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research through SciDAC project #CSNEW918 entitled "Knowledge guided screening tools for identification of porous materials for CO2 separations". K.T. and B.S. were supported as part of the Center for Gas Separations Relevant to Clean Energy Technologies, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001015. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9596 J9 J CHEM INF MODEL JI J. Chem Inf. Model. PD APR PY 2010 VL 50 IS 4 BP 461 EP 469 DI 10.1021/ci900451v PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 586MX UT WOS:000276915200001 PM 20218697 ER PT J AU Chu, YZ Xu, Q Guo, H AF Chu, Yuzhuo Xu, Qin Guo, Hong TI Understanding Energetic Origins of Product Specificity of SET8 from QM/MM Free Energy Simulations: What Causes the Stop of Methyl Addition during Histone Lysine Methylation? SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID METHYLTRANSFERASE SET7/9; CATALYTIC MECHANISM; DYNAMICS; CHROMATIN; INSIGHTS AB Biological consequences of histone lysine methylation depend on the methylation states of the lysine residues on the tails of histone proteins that are methylated by protein lysine methyltransferases (PKMTs). Therefore, the ability of PKMTs to direct specific degrees of methylation (i.e., product specificity) is an important property for regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression. Here, the free energy simulations based on quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) potentials are performed for the first, second. and third methyl transfers from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the epsilon-amino group of the target lysine/methyl lysine in SET8, one of the important PKMTs. The key questions addressed in this paper include the energetic origin of the product specificity and the reasons for the change of he product specificity as a result of the replacement of Tyr334 by Phe. The free energy barriers for the three methyl transfers in SET8 as well as in the mutant obtained from the simulations are found to be well correlated with the experimental observations on the product specificity of SET8 and the change of product specificity as a result of the mutation. The results support the suggestion that the differential free energy barriers for the methyl transfers may determine, at least in part, how the epigenetic marks of lysine methylation are written by the enzymes. Furthermore, the stability of a water molecule to be located at the active site is examined under different conditions using the free energy simulations, and its role in controlling the product specificity is discussed. The QM/MM molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are also performed on the reactant complexes of the first, second, and third methyl transfers. The results show that the information on the ability of the reactant complexes to form the reactive configurations for the methyl transfers may be used as useful indicators in the prediction of product specificity for PKMIs. C1 [Chu, Yuzhuo; Xu, Qin; Guo, Hong] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Guo, Hong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Biophys Mol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guo, H (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM hguo1@utk.edu RI Guo, Hong/E-6357-2010; Xu, Qin/O-7310-2015 OI Xu, Qin/0000-0002-8346-9431 FU National Science Foundation [0817940] FX We thank Dr. Hao-Bo Guo, Mr. Mauricio Valenzuela, and Professors Xiaodong Cheng and Jeremy C. Smith for useful discussions and Martin Karplus for a gift of the CHARMM program. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant number: 0817940 to HG.). We are also grateful for the computer time from Indiana University Tera Grid Resource. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 EI 1549-9626 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD APR PY 2010 VL 6 IS 4 BP 1380 EP 1389 DI 10.1021/ct9006458 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 581XE UT WOS:000276558100036 ER PT J AU Glass, DC Krishnan, M Nutt, DR Smith, JC AF Glass, Dennis C. Krishnan, Marimuthu Nutt, David R. Smith, Jeremy C. TI Temperature Dependence of Protein Dynamics Simulated with Three Different Water Models SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING EXPERIMENTS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; GLASS-TRANSITION; LIQUID WATER; HYDRATION WATER; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; BIOLOGICAL WATER; TRANSLATIONAL DIFFUSION; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; MAGNETIC-RELAXATION AB The effect of variation of the water model on the tempera lure dependence of protein and hydration water dynamics is examined by performing molecular dynamics simulations of myoglobin with the TIP3P, TIP4P, and TIP5P water models and tie CHARMM protein force field at temperatures between 20 and 300 K. The atomic mean-square displacements, solvent reorientational relaxation times, pair angular correlations between surface water molecules, and time-averaged structures of the protein are all found to be similar, and the protein dynamical transition is described almost indistinguishably for the three water potentials. The results provide evidence that for some purposes changing the water model in protein simulations without a loss of accuracy may be possible. C1 [Glass, Dennis C.; Krishnan, Marimuthu; Smith, Jeremy C.] Univ Tennessee, ORNL, Ctr Biophys Mol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Nutt, David R.] Univ Reading, Dept Chem, Reading RG6 6AD, Berks, England. RP Smith, JC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, ORNL, Ctr Biophys Mol, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM smithjc@ornl.gov RI smith, jeremy/B-7287-2012; Krishnan, Marimuthu/A-6443-2012 OI smith, jeremy/0000-0002-2978-3227; FU U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was funded by a U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory Directed Research and Development grant. NR 126 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD APR PY 2010 VL 6 IS 4 BP 1390 EP 1400 DI 10.1021/ct9006508 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 581XE UT WOS:000276558100037 ER PT J AU Kucharik, M Garimella, RV Schofield, SP Shashkov, MJ AF Kucharik, Milan Garimella, Rao V. Schofield, Samuel P. Shashkov, Mikhail J. TI A comparative study of interface reconstruction methods for multi-material ALE simulations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Interface reconstruction; Moment-of-fluid method; Compressible flow ID EULERIAN HYDROCODES; ALGORITHMS; VOLUME; HYDRODYNAMICS; COMPUTATIONS; TRACKING; FLOW AB In this paper we compare the performance of different methods for reconstructing interfaces in multi-material compressible flow simulations The methods compared are a material-order-dependent Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) method, a material-order-independent VOF method based on power diagram partitioning of cells and the Moment-of-Fluid method (MOF). We demonstrate that the MOF method provides the most accurate tracking of interfaces, followed by the VOF method with the right material ordering The material-order-independent VOF method performs somewhat worse than the above two while the solutions with VOF using the wrong material order are considerably worse (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kucharik, Milan] Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn, CR-11519 Prague, Czech Republic. [Kucharik, Milan; Garimella, Rao V.; Schofield, Samuel P.; Shashkov, Mikhail J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kucharik, M (reprint author), Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn, Brehova 7,Praha1, CR-11519 Prague, Czech Republic. OI Garimella, Rao/0000-0002-3812-2105 FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; DOE Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC); DOE Office of Science ASCR Program; Czech Ministry of Education [MSM 6840770022]; Czech Grant Agency [P201/10/P086] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 and Supported by the DOE Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) program. The authors acknowledge the partial support of the DOE Office of Science ASCR Program The first author was Supported in part by the Czech Ministry of Education Grant MSM 6840770022, and the Czech Grant Agency project P201/10/P086. NR 33 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 229 IS 7 BP 2432 EP 2452 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2009.07.009 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 560UI UT WOS:000274928300002 ER PT J AU Werth, CJ Zhang, CY Brusseau, ML Oostrom, M Baumann, T AF Werth, Charles J. Zhang, Changyong Brusseau, Mark L. Oostrom, Mart Baumann, Thomas TI A review of non-invasive imaging methods and applications in contaminant hydrogeology research SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Review DE Review; Imaging; Non-invasive; Contaminant hydrogeology ID X-RAY MICROTOMOGRAPHY; NONAQUEOUS-PHASE LIQUID; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; PARTICLE TRACKING VELOCIMETRY; ORGANIC IMMISCIBLE-LIQUID; SYNCHROTRON TOMOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES; LATTICE-BOLTZMANN SIMULATIONS; PORE-SCALE CHARACTERIZATION; SOURCE ZONE ARCHITECTURE AB Contaminant hydrogeological processes occurring in porous media are typically not amenable to direct observation As a result, indirect measurements (eg, contaminant breakthrough at a fixed location) are often used to infer processes occurring at different scales, locations, or times To overcome this limitation, non-invasive imaging methods are increasingly being used in contaminant hydrogeology research. Four of the most common methods, and the subjects of this review, are optical imaging using UV or visible light, dual-energy gamma radiation, X-ray microtomography. and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Non-invasive imaging techniques have provided valuable insights into a variety of complex systems and processes, including porous media characterization. multiphase fluid distribution, fluid flow, solute transport and mixing. colloidal transport and deposition, and reactions In this paper we review the theory underlying these methods, applications of these methods to contaminant hydrogeology research, and methods' advantages and disadvantages As expected, there is no perfect method or tool for non-invasive imaging However, optical methods generally present the least expensive and easiest options for imaging fluid distribution, solute and fluid flow. colloid transport, and reactions in artificial two-dimensional (2D) porous media. Gamma radiation methods present the best opportunity for characterization of fluid distributions in 2D at the Darcy scale X-ray methods present the highest resolution and flexibility for three-dimensional (3D) natural porous media characterization. and 3D characterization of fluid distributions in natural porous media And MRI presents the best option for 3D characterization of fluid distribution, fluid flow, colloid transport, and reaction in artificial porous media. Obvious deficiencies ripe for method development are the ability to image transient processes such as fluid flow and colloid transport in natural porous media in three dimensions, the ability to image many reactions of environmental interest in artificial and natural porous media, and the ability to image selected processes over a range of scales in artificial and natural porous media. (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Werth, Charles J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Zhang, Changyong] Pacific Northwes Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Brusseau, Mark L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Brusseau, Mark L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Oostrom, Mart] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Baumann, Thomas] Tech Univ Munich, Inst Hydrochem, D-81377 Munich, Germany. RP Werth, CJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Zhang, Changyong/A-8012-2013 FU Humboldt Foundation; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); NIEHS SBRP; Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL); DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX Partial support for CJW was provided by the Humboldt Foundation Partial support for TB was provided by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). Partial support for MLB was provided by the NIEHS SBRP. The contribution by M Oostrom was supported by the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by the DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory PNNL is operated by the Battelle Memorial Institute for the Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 249 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 5 U2 105 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 EI 1873-6009 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 113 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2010.01.001 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 584PZ UT WOS:000276766000001 PM 20163885 ER PT J AU Jackson, CB Servant, G Shaughnessy, G Tait, TMP Taoso, M AF Jackson, C. B. Servant, Geraldine Shaughnessy, Gabe Tait, Tim M. P. Taoso, Marco TI Higgs in space! SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dark matter theory; dark matter experiments; gamma ray experiments; cosmology of theories beyond the SM ID DARK-MATTER; NEUTRALINO ANNIHILATION; GALACTIC-CENTER; 2 PHOTONS; FERMI; MODEL; CANDIDATE; PARTICLE; BOSON; RAYS AB We consider the possibility that the Higgs can be produced in dark matter annihilations, appearing as a line in the spectrum of gamma rays at an energy determined by the masses of the WIMP and the Higgs itself. We argue that this phenomenon occurs generally in models in which the the dark sector has large couplings to the most massive states of the SM and provide a simple example inspired by the Randall-Sundrum vision of dark matter, whose 4d dual corresponds to electroweak symmetry-breaking by strong dynamics which respect global symmetries that guarantee a stable WIMP. The dark matter is a Dirac fermion that couples to a Z' acting as a portal to the Standard Model through its strong coupling to top quarks. Annihilation into light standard model degrees of freedom is suppressed and generates a feeble continuum spectrum of gamma rays. Loops of top quarks mediate annihilation into gamma Z, gamma h, and gamma Z', providing a forest of lines in the spectrum. Such models can be probed by the Fermi/GLAST satellite and ground-based Air Cherenkov telescopes. C1 [Jackson, C. B.; Shaughnessy, Gabe; Tait, Tim M. P.] Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Servant, Geraldine; Taoso, Marco] CERN, Dept Phys, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Shaughnessy, Gabe; Tait, Tim M. P.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Tait, Tim M. P.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Taoso, Marco] Univ Valencia, IFIC, CSIC, Ed Inst, Valencia 46071, Spain. RP Jackson, CB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jackson@hep.anl.gov; geraldine.servant@cern.ch; g-shaughnessy@northwestern.edu; ttait@uci.edu; marco.taoso@ific.uv.es FU Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-91ER40684]; MICINN [FPA2008-00319]; Generalitat Valenciana [PROMETEO/2009/091]; European Council [UNILHC PITN-GA-2009-237920] FX The authors are grateful for inspiration and conversation involving Elliot Bloom, Marco Cirelli, Laura Covi, Abdelhak Djouadi, Michele Doro, Jim Henson, Alejandro Ibarra, Emmanuel Moulin, Simona Murgia, Pasquale Serpico, Jing Shu, and James Wells. We also thank Genevieve Belanger and Sasha Pukhov for helping with MicrOMEGAs. This research is supported by the European Research Council Starting Grant Cosmo@LHC. T. Tait is grateful to the SLAC theory group for their extraordinary generosity during his many visits. Research at Argonne National Laboratory is supported in part by the Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Research at Northwestern University is supported in part by the Department of Energy under contract DE-FG02-91ER40684. The work of M. Taoso is partly supported by the Spanish grants FPA2008-00319 (MICINN) and PROMETEO/2009/091 (Generalitat Valenciana) and the European Council (Contract Number UNILHC PITN-GA-2009-237920). NR 99 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD APR PY 2010 IS 4 AR 004 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2010/04/004 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 596KV UT WOS:000277684600029 ER PT J AU Zepeda-Ruiz, LA Gilmer, GH Walton, CC Hamza, AV Chason, E AF Zepeda-Ruiz, Luis A. Gilmer, George H. Walton, Christopher C. Hamza, Alex V. Chason, Eric TI Surface morphology evolution during sputter deposition of thin films - lattice Monte Carlo simulations SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Amer Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy/14th United States Biennial Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy/6th Inter Workshop on Modeling in Crystal Growth CY AUG 09-14, 2009 CL Lake Geneva, WI SP Amer Assoc Crystal Growth DE Computer simulation; Diffusion; Nucleation; Roughening; Surface structure; Physical vapor deposition process AB The growth of uniform thin films on foreign substrates is impeded by several morphological instabilities. Hill-and-valley structures are formed and enhanced during sputter deposition where surface height perturbations have an opportunity to grow to large amplitudes. We show via kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations that while surface roughness can be partially controlled by changing growth conditions, such as substrate temperature, the diffusion of particles over step edges plays a very important role in determining both surface roughness and the density of the films. Our kMC simulations provide a way to evaluate the strength of surface instabilities during sputter deposition of thin films. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zepeda-Ruiz, Luis A.; Gilmer, George H.; Walton, Christopher C.; Hamza, Alex V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Chason, Eric] Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Zepeda-Ruiz, LA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM zepedaruiz1@llnl.gov NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 312 IS 8 BP 1183 EP 1187 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.12.035 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 588AU UT WOS:000277039100030 ER PT J AU Bizarri, G AF Bizarri, G. TI Scintillation mechanisms of inorganic materials: From crystal characteristics to scintillation properties SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Amer Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy/14th United States Biennial Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy/6th Inter Workshop on Modeling in Crystal Growth CY AUG 09-14, 2009 CL Lake Geneva, WI SP Amer Assoc Crystal Growth DE Characterization; Defects; Computer simulation; Scintillators ID ENERGY AB Finding new inorganic scintillator crystals with better performance for demanding applications, such as high-energy physics, medical imaging, and radiation detection, has been a long-standing challenge. Thanks to an intensive interdisciplinary effort between theoreticians, experimentalists and crystal growers, current scintillator performances are reaching the intrinsic limits imposed by the crystal. However, demand continues for more efficient scintillators with higher light output, better energy resolution and lower cost of production. This article discusses the basic concepts of scintillation in inorganic materials, focusing on how physics can provide pathways to assist in scintillator discovery. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Dept Radiotracer Dev & Med Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bizarri, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Dept Radiotracer Dev & Med Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gabizarri@lbl.gov NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 312 IS 8 BP 1213 EP 1215 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.12.063 PG 3 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 588AU UT WOS:000277039100036 ER PT J AU Cederberg, JG Leonhardt, D Sheng, JJ Li, QM Carroll, MS Han, SM AF Cederberg, Jeffrey G. Leonhardt, Darin Sheng, Josephine J. Li, Qiming Carroll, Malcolm S. Han, Sang M. TI GaAs/Si epitaxial integration utilizing a two-step, selectively grown Ge intermediate layer SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Amer Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy/14th United States Biennial Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy/6th Inter Workshop on Modeling in Crystal Growth CY AUG 09-14, 2009 CL Lake Geneva, WI SP Amer Assoc Crystal Growth DE Metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy; Molecular beam epitaxy; Semiconducting III-V materials; Semiconducting germanium ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ANTIPHASE BOUNDARIES; ATOMIC-RESOLUTION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; BUFFER LAYERS; SI; HETEROEPITAXY; SILICON; ANNIHILATION AB We describe efforts to epitaxially integrate GaAs with Si, using thin, relaxed Ge layers. The Ge films are deposited by molecular beam epitaxy using a self-assembled, selective-area growth technique, where atomic Ge etches an SiO(2) mask layer and then grows from pores extending to the Si substrate. The resulting Ge film coalesces over the SiO(2) mask and is planarized, using H(2)O(2)-based chemical-mechanical polishing. We subsequently deposit a GaAs/AlAs heterostructure on the polished Ge on Si substrate by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. While the initial Ge films were completely relaxed and dislocation-free, they contain a high density of stacking faults that propagate through the GaAs/AlAs heterostructure. These stacking faults create phase domains that appear as non-radiative recombination centers in cathodoluminescence images. Further development of two-step Ge epitaxy with an anneal near the Ge melting point eliminates stacking faults in the Ge, but decomposes the SiO(2) mask allowing threading dislocations to form and propagate through the GaAs/AlAs heterostructure. We discuss our strategy to prevent the loss of the SiO(2) mask and thus reduce threading dislocations. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cederberg, Jeffrey G.; Sheng, Josephine J.; Li, Qiming; Carroll, Malcolm S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Leonhardt, Darin; Han, Sang M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Cederberg, JG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jgceder@sandia.gov NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 312 IS 8 BP 1291 EP 1296 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.10.061 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 588AU UT WOS:000277039100050 ER PT J AU Cederberg, JG Bender, DA Pack, MV Schmitt, RL AF Cederberg, J. G. Bender, D. A. Pack, M. V. Schmitt, R. L. TI Observation of optical bleaching at 1.06 mu m in AlInAs/AlGaInAs multiple quantum wells SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Amer Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy/14th United States Biennial Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy/6th Inter Workshop on Modeling in Crystal Growth CY AUG 09-14, 2009 CL Lake Geneva, WI SP Amer Assoc Crystal Growth DE Metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy; Quantum wells; Semiconducting III-V materials; Nonlinear optical ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; SOLID-STATE LASERS; NONLINEAR SPECTROSCOPY; DEVICE APPLICATIONS; SATURABLE ABSORBER; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; QUALITY ALINAS; CASCADE LASERS; OMVPE GROWTH; SEMICONDUCTORS AB We investigated the growth and optical properties of Al(0.48)In(0.52)As/Al(0.27)Ga(0.21)In(0.52)As multiple quantum wells. Conditions were established for the defect-free growth of Al(0.48)In(0.52)As by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy and multiple-quantum-well saturable absorbers were fabricated. Simulation of X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the interfaces in this system are abrupt without unintentional interface layers. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy proved that structural defects are absent for structures exceeding 6 mu m in thickness. Room temperature photoluminescence displayed a nearly constant linewidth as the number of quantum-well periods is increased, further attesting to the optical quality of these structures. Using transient pump-probe optical techniques, we measured the absorbance bleaching decay of a saturable absorber. These measurements suggested that the bleaching lifetime is over 100 ns, which should be sufficient for Q-switching solid-state lasers. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cederberg, J. G.; Bender, D. A.; Pack, M. V.; Schmitt, R. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cederberg, JG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jgceder@sandia.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 312 IS 8 BP 1375 EP 1378 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.10.065 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 588AU UT WOS:000277039100067 ER PT J AU Buban, JP Ramasse, Q Gipson, B Browning, ND Stahlberg, H AF Buban, James P. Ramasse, Quentin Gipson, Bryant Browning, Nigel D. Stahlberg, Henning TI High-resolution low-dose scanning transmission electron microscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE STEM; low-dose; aberration correction ID CRYOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; CRYSTALS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; LIMITATIONS; CRITERION; SPECIMENS; LATTICE; IMAGES; MODEL AB During the past two decades instrumentation in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has pushed toward higher intensity electron probes to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of recorded images. While this is suitable for robust specimens, biological specimens require a much reduced electron dose for high-resolution imaging. We describe here protocols for low-dose STEM image recording with a conventional field-emission gun STEM, while maintaining the high-resolution capability of the instrument. Our findings show that a combination of reduced pixel dwell time and reduced gun current can achieve radiation doses comparable to low-dose TEM. C1 [Buban, James P.; Gipson, Bryant; Stahlberg, Henning] Univ Calif Davis, Coll Biol Sci, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ramasse, Quentin] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Browning, Nigel D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Browning, Nigel D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Browning, Nigel D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat Earth & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Buban, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Coll Biol Sci, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM james.buban@gmail.com RI Stahlberg, Henning/H-1868-2011; OI Stahlberg, Henning/0000-0002-1185-4592; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X FU University of Tokyo [JEM-2100F/Cs] FX We thank Professor Yuichi Ikuhara at the University of Tokyo for permission to use the JEOL JEM-2100F/Cs. We also thank Ken Downing and Bob Glaeser for fruitful discussions. NR 31 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 29 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0744 J9 J ELECTRON MICROSC JI J. Electron Microsc. PD APR PY 2010 VL 59 IS 2 BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1093/jmicro/dfp052 PG 10 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 581MM UT WOS:000276527700002 PM 19915208 ER PT J AU Som, S Aggarwal, SK El-Hannouny, EM Longman, DE AF Som, S. Aggarwal, S. K. El-Hannouny, E. M. Longman, D. E. TI Investigation of Nozzle Flow and Cavitation Characteristics in a Diesel Injector SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID STRESS; LIQUID AB Cavitation and turbulence inside a diesel injector play a critical role in primary spray breakup and development processes. The study of cavitation in realistic injectors is challenging, both theoretically and experimentally, since the associated two-phase flow field is turbulent and highly complex, characterized by large pressure gradients and small orifice geometries. We report herein a computational investigation of the internal nozzle flow and cavitation characteristics in a diesel injector. A mixture based model in FLUENT V6.2 software is employed for simulations. In addition, a new criterion for cavitation inception based on the total stress is implemented, and its effectiveness in predicting cavitation is evaluated. Results indicate that under realistic diesel engine conditions, cavitation patterns inside the orifice are influenced by the new cavitation criterion. Simulations are validated using the available two-phase nozzle flow data and the rate of injection measurements at various injection pressures (800-1600 bar) from the present study. The computational model is then used to characterize the effects of important injector parameters on the internal nozzle flow and cavitation behavior, as well as on flow properties at the nozzle exit. The parameters include injection pressure, needle lift position, and fuel type. The propensity of cavitation for different on-fleet diesel fuels is compared with that for n-dodecane, a diesel fuel surrogate. Results indicate that the cavitation characteristics of n-dodecane are significantly different from those of the other three fuels investigated. The effect of needle movement on cavitation is investigated by performing simulations at different needle lift positions. Cavitation patterns are seen to shift dramatically as the needle lift position is changed during an injection event. The region of significant cavitation shifts from top of the orifice to bottom of the orifice as the needle position is changed from fully open (0.275 mm) to nearly closed (0.1 mm), and this behavior can be attributed to the effect of needle position on flow patterns upstream of the orifice. The results demonstrate the capability of the cavitation model to predict cavitating nozzle flows in realistic diesel injectors and provide boundary conditions, in terms of vapor fraction, velocity, and turbulence parameters at the nozzle exit, which can be coupled with the primary breakup simulation. [DOI: 10.1115/1.3203146] C1 [Som, S.; Aggarwal, S. K.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [El-Hannouny, E. M.; Longman, D. E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Som, S (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, 842 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM ssom1@uic.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Vehicle Technology [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work has been supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Vehicle Technology under the management of Gurpreet Singh. Many useful discussions with Dr. Chris Powell and Dr. Alan Kastengren at Argonne National Laboratory are greatly appreciated. The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 43 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 29 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2010 VL 132 IS 4 AR 042802 DI 10.1115/1.3203146 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 549AL UT WOS:000274013000016 ER PT J AU Nguyen, TD Yeager, JD Bahr, DF Adams, DP Moody, NR AF Nguyen, Thao D. Yeager, J. D. Bahr, D. F. Adams, D. P. Moody, N. R. TI Nanoindentation of Compliant Substrate Systems: Effects of Geometry and Compliance SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE bending; finite element analysis; nanoindentation; plates (structures); substrates; thin films; Young's modulus ID SPHERICAL NANO-INDENTATION; COATED SYSTEMS; LAYERED SYSTEM; HARD FILMS AB Nanoindentation is widely used to characterize the mechanical and interfacial properties of thin film systems. However, the effects of substrate compliance on the indentation response of compliant substrate systems are not well understood. This paper investigates the effects of the large compliance mismatch between the film and the substrate and of the film thickness for model systems using nanoindentation tests, finite element simulations, and an analytical model based on a classical plate-bending solution. The results showed that for displacements less than the film thickness and for ratio of the substrate to film modulus less than 100. The indentation force-displacement response exhibits a linear relationship that can be predicted accurately by the linear plate-bending model. The effective stiffness depends linearly on the film thickness and also on the substrate and film moduli. For larger displacements, the indentation response exhibits the scaling relationship of the nonlinear plate-bending model. C1 [Nguyen, Thao D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Yeager, J. D.; Bahr, D. F.] Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Adams, D. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Moody, N. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nguyen, TD (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM vicky.nguyen@jhu.edu RI Nguyen, Thao/A-3391-2010; Bahr, David/A-6521-2012; OI Nguyen, Thao/0000-0002-0312-1583; Bahr, David/0000-0003-2893-967X; Yeager, John/0000-0002-3121-6053 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy [DE-ACO4-94AL85000] FX This work was funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Co., for the United States Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-ACO4-94AL85000. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2010 VL 132 IS 2 AR 021001 DI 10.1115/1.4000230 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 569HC UT WOS:000275586200001 ER PT J AU Johnson, EL Clabough, TS Caudill, CC Keefer, ML Peery, CA Richmond, MC AF Johnson, E. L. Clabough, T. S. Caudill, C. C. Keefer, M. L. Peery, C. A. Richmond, M. C. TI Migration depths of adult steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss in relation to dissolved gas supersaturation in a regulated river system SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behaviour; data storage tags; gas bubble disease; hydrostatic compensation ID SUMMER CHINOOK SALMON; BUBBLE TRAUMA SIGNS; COLUMBIA RIVER; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; SNAKE RIVERS; WATER; DOWNSTREAM; RATES; FISH; MORTALITY AB Adult steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss tagged with archival transmitters primarily migrated through a large river corridor at depths > 2 m interspersed with frequent but short (< 5 min) periods closer to the surface. The recorded swimming depths and behaviours probably provided adequate hydrostatic compensation for the supersaturated dissolved gas conditions encountered and probably limited development of gas bubble disease (GBD). Results parallel those from a concurrent adult Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha study, except O. mykiss experienced greater seasonal variability and were more likely to have depth uncompensated supersaturation exposure in some dam tailraces, perhaps explaining the higher incidence of GBD in this species. C1 [Johnson, E. L.; Clabough, T. S.; Caudill, C. C.; Keefer, M. L.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Peery, C. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fishery Resource Off, Ahsahka, ID 83520 USA. [Richmond, M. C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Johnson, EL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM ejohnson@uidaho.edu RI Richmond, Marshall/D-3915-2013; Caudill, Christopher/M-7906-2014 OI Richmond, Marshall/0000-0003-0111-1485; FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX Many people provided time and assistance during the course of this study. We thank K. Tolotti, M. Jepson, S. Lee, R. Ringe, C. Boggs, T. Goniea, M. Heinrich, B. High, D. Joosten, M. Morasch, T. Dick and B. Winans at the University of Idaho for helping with field operations and collection and processing telemetry data. A. Matter and B. Burke, National Marine Fisheries Service, helped with data management and analysis. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers provided funding for this study. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1520 EP 1528 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02578.x PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 587OM UT WOS:000277002100020 PM 20537031 ER PT J AU Han, J Papalambros, PY AF Han, Jeongwoo Papalambros, Panos Y. TI Optimal Design of Hybrid Electric Fuel Cell Vehicles Under Uncertainty and Enterprise Considerations SO JOURNAL OF FUEL CELL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INSERTION CELL; OPTIMIZATION; SYSTEMS AB Hybrid electric fuel cell vehicles are studied using a system perspective that explores the tradeoffs among fuel economy, acceleration, and other vehicle attributes. Design decisions are derived from an enterprise decision-making model that seeks to maximize profit. Uncertainties stemming from manufacturing variability, customer preferences, and market response to fuel price fluctuations are also included. The system is hierarchically partitioned into three levels that comprise enterprise, powertrain, fuel cell, and battery subsystem models. Analytical target cascading, a decomposition-based multidisciplinary design optimization strategy, is used to solve the resulting problem. Results indicate a strong interaction between enterprise and engineering considerations, and a significant impact of uncertainty on the optimal system design. [DOI: 10.1115/1.3179762] C1 [Han, Jeongwoo] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Papalambros, Panos Y.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Han, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 362, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jhan@anl.gov FU Automotive Research Center; U. S. Army Center of Excellence in Modeling and Simulation of Ground Vehicle Systems at the University of Michigan; NSF [DMI-0503737] FX This work was partially supported by the Automotive Research Center, a U. S. Army Center of Excellence in Modeling and Simulation of Ground Vehicle Systems at the University of Michigan, and NSF Grant No. DMI-0503737. This support is gratefully acknowledged. The results and opinions expressed here are solely those of the authors. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1550-624X J9 J FUEL CELL SCI TECH JI J. Fuel Cell Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 7 IS 2 AR 021020 DI 10.1115/1.3179762 PG 9 GA 549AN UT WOS:000274013200020 ER PT J AU Wang, HL Teeter, G Turner, JA AF Wang, Heli Teeter, Glenn Turner, John A. TI Plasma Nitrided Type 349 Stainless Steel for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Bipolar Plate-Part I: Nitrided in Nitrogen Plasma SO JOURNAL OF FUEL CELL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plasma nitridation; bipolar plate; PEMFC; stainless steel; corrosion ID CORROSION-RESISTANCE; PITTING CORROSION; PASSIVE FILMS; SURFACE; ALLOYS; XPS; BEHAVIOR; 316L; TEMPERATURE; MOLYBDENUM AB An austenite 349 stainless steel was nitrided via nitrogen plasma. Glancing angle X-ray diffraction patterns suggest that the nitrided layer is amorphous. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicated that the plasma nitridation process produced bulk-type nitrides in the surface layer. In general, the nitrided layer was composed of iron oxide in the outer layer and chromium oxide in the inner layers. Contaminations of vanadium and tin were detected in the as-grown nitrided layer; these dissolved away after polarization. The influence of these contaminants on the corrosion resistance of the nitrided layer in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) environments is not considered significant. The nitrided sample had a much higher contact resistance than the bare one and the contact resistance increased with the nitriding time. The high interfacial contact resistance values can be related to the thicker oxide film after plasma nitridation. The corrosion resistances obtained for the 1 h nitrided and bare stainless steels in simulated PEMFC environments were similar. The outmost nitrided layer dissolved after polarization in the PEMFC environments leaving a passive film (modified with nitrides), similar to that of bare stainless steel under the same conditions. The passive film thickness was 3.7 nm for nitrided steel in PEMFC cathode environment and 4.2 nm for nitrided steel in PEMFC anode environment. [DOI: 10.1115/1.3178555] C1 [Wang, Heli; Teeter, Glenn; Turner, John A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wang, HL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM heli.wang@nrel.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy FX The authors thank Mr. James Halliday from J&L Specialty Steel, Inc., now part of Allegheny Ludlum Corp., for the stainless steel samples. Dr. Ping Liu is acknowledged for assisting the plasma nitridation process. This work was supported by the Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technologies Program of the U. S. Department of Energy. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1550-624X EI 1551-6989 J9 J FUEL CELL SCI TECH JI J. Fuel Cell Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 7 IS 2 AR 021018 DI 10.1115/1.3178555 PG 7 GA 549AN UT WOS:000274013200018 ER PT J AU Wang, HL Teeter, G Turner, JA AF Wang, Heli Teeter, Glenn Turner, John A. TI Plasma Nitrided Type 349 Stainless Steel for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Bipolar Plate-Part II: Nitrided in Ammonia Plasma SO JOURNAL OF FUEL CELL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plasma nitridation; bipolar plate; PEMFC; stainless steel; corrosion ID PASSIVE FILMS; BEHAVIOR; XPS; 316L AB Austenitic 349 stainless steel was nitrided in an NH(3) plasma. A low interfacial contact resistance was obtained with the nitrided steel. Glancing angle X-ray diffraction suggests that the nitrided layer is very thin and possibly amorphous. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies show that the nitrided layer is composed of mixed oxides and nitrides of Fe(3+) and Cr(3+). Contaminations of V and Sn were also observed, though their influence on the as-nitrided surface conductivity is not clear. The nitrided samples were investigated in a simulated polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) environment, and showed excellent corrosion resistance. The XPS depth profile indicated that the passive film, which formed on the plasma-nitrided steel in the PEMFC anode environment, is composed of mixed oxides and nitrides, in which chromium oxide/nitride dominates the surface chemistry. No V or Sn was detected on the surface after the polarization tests. For the PEMFC bipolar plate application, nitridation in NH(3) plasma is a promising surface treatment approach, though more research is needed to investigate the influence of the plasma density and substrate bias on the surface conductivity and performance of the nitrided steel in PEMFC environments. [DOI: 10.1115/1.3178640] C1 [Wang, Heli; Teeter, Glenn; Turner, John A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wang, HL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM heli.wang@nrel.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy FX The authors wish to thank Mr. James Halliday of J & L Specialty Steel, Inc., which is now part of Allegheny Ludlum Corp., for the stainless steels samples. Dr. Ping Liu is acknowledged for assisting in the plasma-nitridation process. This work was supported by the Hydrogen Program of the U. S. Department of Energy. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1550-624X J9 J FUEL CELL SCI TECH JI J. Fuel Cell Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 7 IS 2 AR 021019 DI 10.1115/1.3178640 PG 6 GA 549AN UT WOS:000274013200019 ER PT J AU Welling, DT Ridley, AJ AF Welling, D. T. Ridley, A. J. TI Exploring sources of magnetospheric plasma using multispecies MHD SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; SHEET ION COMPOSITION; SOLAR-WIND CONTROL; ART. NO. 1151; GEOTAIL OBSERVATIONS; EARTHS MAGNETOTAIL; POLAR; MODEL; IMF; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS AB A persistent, unresolved problem in terrestrial magnetospheric physics is determining the dominant source and associated entry mechanism for plasma in the Earth's magnetosphere. This study uses the multispecies MHD code, Block Adaptive Tree Solar Wind Roe-Type Upwind Scheme (BATS-R-US), to investigate this issue. Two proton species, ionospheric origin and solar wind origin, are defined in the system and the evolution of each population is followed under different idealized solar wind conditions. It is found that during southward oriented interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), the dominant source is ionospheric plasma entering deep down tail through reconnecting field lines. During northward IMF, the dominant source is solar wind plasma entering through the flanks of the magnetosphere. This two-mode behavior is tested through data-model comparisons of real world simulations. Comparisons of model results against Los Alamos National Laboratory Magnetospheric Plasma Analyzer density, pressure, and inferred oxygen content support the conclusions of the idealized results. C1 [Welling, D. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ridley, A. J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Welling, DT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dwelling@lanl.gov RI Ridley, Aaron/F-3943-2011; Welling, Daniel/C-1970-2013 OI Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534; FU NSF [ATM 0325332, NNH07AG24I, ATM0703210] FX The authors acknowledge the use of data from the ACE satellite MAG and SWEPAM instruments provided by NASA GSFC Space Physics Data Facility. LANL MPA data provided by Michelle Thomsen as well as data expertise provided by Michael Liemohn and Michelle Thomsen are greatly appreciated. These inputs were crucial to this study. This work was supported by NSF grants ATM 0325332 and NNH07AG24I and NSF grant ATM0703210. NR 51 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A04201 DI 10.1029/2009JA014596 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 578TN UT WOS:000276318700001 ER PT J AU Akhmedov, EK Kopp, J AF Akhmedov, Evgeny Kh. Kopp, Joachim TI Neutrino oscillations: quantum mechanics vs. quantum field theory SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Neutrino Physics; Solar and Atmospheric Neutrinos ID COHERENCE AB A consistent description of neutrino oscillations requires either the quantum-mechanical (QM) wave packet approach or a quantum field theoretic (QFT) treatment. We compare these two approaches to neutrino oscillations and discuss the correspondence between them. In particular, we derive expressions for the QM neutrino wave packets from QFT and relate the free parameters of the QM framework, in particular the effective momentum uncertainty of the neutrino state, to the more fundamental parameters of the QFT approach. We include in our discussion the possibilities that some of the neutrino's interaction partners are not detected, that the neutrino is produced in the decay of an unstable parent particle, and that the overlap of the wave packets of the particles involved in the neutrino production (or detection) process is not maximal. Finally, we demonstrate how the properly normalized oscillation probabilities can be obtained in the QFT framework without an ad hoc normalization procedure employed in the QM approach. C1 [Akhmedov, Evgeny Kh.; Kopp, Joachim] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. [Akhmedov, Evgeny Kh.] Natl Res Ctr, Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Kopp, Joachim] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Akhmedov, EK (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Postfach 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. EM akhmedov@mpi-hd.mpg.de; jkopp@fnal.gov RI Kopp, Joachim/B-5866-2013 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX The authors are grateful to Fedor Bezrukov and Alexei Smirnov for very useful discussions. Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the US Department of Energy. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD APR PY 2010 IS 4 AR 008 DI 10.1007/JHEP04(2010)008 PG 41 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 593PZ UT WOS:000277473100062 ER PT J AU Bustamante, M Gago, AM Pena-Garay, C AF Bustamante, M. Gago, A. M. Pena-Garay, C. TI Energy-independent new physics in the flavour ratios of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Beyond Standard Model; Neutrino Physics; Discrete and Finite Symmetries ID OSCILLATIONS AB We have studied the consequences of breaking the CPT symmetry in the neutrino sector, using the expected high-energy neutrino flux from distant cosmological sources such as active galaxies. For this purpose we have assumed three different hypotheses for the neutrino production model, characterised by the flavour fluxes at production phi(0)(e) : phi(0)(mu) : phi(0)(tau) = 1 : 2 : 0, 0 : 1 : 0, and 1 : 0 : 0, and studied the theoretical and experimental expectations for the muon-neutrino flux at Earth, phi(mu), and for the flavour ratios at Earth, R = phi(mu)/phi(e) and S = phi(tau)/phi(mu). CPT violation (CPTV) has been implemented by adding an energy-independent term to the standard neutrino oscillation Hamiltonian. This introduces three new mixing angles, two new eigenvalues and three new phases, all of which have currently unknown values. We have varied the new mixing angles and eigenvalues within certain bounds, together with the parameters associated to pure standard oscillations. Our results indicate that, for the models 1 : 2 : 0 and 0 : 1 : 0, it might be possible to find large deviations of phi(mu), R, and S between the cases without and with CPTV, provided the CPTV eigenvalues lie within 10(-29) - 10(-27) GeV, or above. Moreover, if CPTV exists, there are certain values of R and S that can be accounted for by up to three production models. If no CPTV were observed, we could set limits on the CPTV eigenvalues of the same order. Detection prospects calculated using IceCube suggest that for the models 1 : 2 : 0 and 0 : 1 : 0, the modifications due to CPTV are larger and more clearly separable from the standard-oscillations predictions. We conclude that IceCube is potentially able to detect CPTV but that, depending on the values of the CPTV parameters, there could be a mis-determination of the neutrino production model. C1 [Bustamante, M.; Gago, A. M.] Univ Catolica Peru, Secc Fis, Dept Ciencias, Lima, Peru. [Bustamante, M.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Pena-Garay, C.] CSIC UVEG, Inst Fis Corpuscular, Ctr Mixto, Valencia 46071, Spain. RP Bustamante, M (reprint author), Univ Catolica Peru, Secc Fis, Dept Ciencias, Apartado 1761, Lima, Peru. EM mbustamante@pucp.edu.pe; agago@pucp.edu.pe; carlos.penya@ific.uv.es OI Bustamante, Mauricio/0000-0001-6923-0865 FU Direccion Academica de Investigacion of the Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru [DAI-4075, DAI-L009]; High Energy Latinamerican-European Network FX This work was supported by grants from the Direccion Academica de Investigacion of the Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru (projects DAI-4075 and DAI-L009 [LUCET]) and by a High Energy Latinamerican-European Network (HELEN) STT grant. MB acknowledges the hospitality of IFIC during the development of this work. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD APR PY 2010 IS 4 AR 066 DI 10.1007/JHEP04(2010)066 PG 28 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 593PZ UT WOS:000277473100004 ER PT J AU Davoudiasl, H Perez, G AF Davoudiasl, Hooman Perez, Gilad TI The INTEGRAL/SPI 511 keV signal from hidden valleys in type Ia and core collapse supernova explosions SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Cosmology of Theories beyond the SM; Technicolor and Composite Models ID POSITRON-ANNIHILATION RADIATION; E(+)E(-) COLLISIONS; DARK-MATTER; ENERGY; DIMENSIONS; EMISSION; BARYOGENESIS; NEUTRINOS; COLLIDERS; PHOTON AB We examine under what circumstances the INTEGRAL/SPI 511 keV signal can originate from decays of MeV-scale composite states produced by: (A) thermonuclear (type Ia) or (B) core collapse supernovae (SNe). The requisite dynamical properties that would account for the observed data are quite distinct, for cases (A) and (B). We determine these requirements in simple hidden valley models, where the escape fraction problem is naturally addressed, due to the long lifetime of the new composite states. A novel feature of scenario (A) is that the dynamics of type Ia SNe, standard candles for cosmological measurements, might be affected by our mechanism. In case (A), the mass of the state mediating between the hidden sector and the SM e(+)e(-) could be a few hundred GeV and within the reach of a 500GeV e(+)e(-) linear collider. We also note that kinetic mixing of the photon with a light vector state may provide an interesting alternate mediation mechanism in this case. Scenarios based on case (B) are challenged by the need for a mechanism to transport some of the produced positrons toward the Galactic bulge, due to the inferred distribution of core collapse sources. The mass of the mediator in case (B) is typically hundreds of TeV, leading to long-lived particles that could, under certain circumstances, include a viable dark matter candidate. The appearance of long-lived particles in typical models leads to cosmological constraints and we address how a consistent cosmic history may be achieved. C1 [Davoudiasl, Hooman] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Perez, Gilad] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys & Astrophys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Davoudiasl, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hooman@bnl.gov; Gilad.Perez@weizmann.ac.il FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Israel Science Foundation [1087/09]; EU; IRG; Peter & Patricia Gruber Award FX We thank M. Strassler for many helpful early discussions, collaboration on topics that led to this project, and comments on a draft version of the present paper. We also thank K. Blum, A. Gal-Yam, U. Karshon, C. Lunardini and T. McElmurry for conversations and comments. The work of H. D. is supported by the United States Department of Energy under Grant Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. G. P. is supported by the Israel Science Foundation ( grant # 1087/09), EU-FP7 Marie Curie, IRG fellowship and the Peter & Patricia Gruber Award. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD APR PY 2010 IS 4 AR 058 DI 10.1007/JHEP04(2010)058 PG 16 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 593PZ UT WOS:000277473100012 ER PT J AU Dobrescu, BA Lykken, JD AF Dobrescu, Bogdan A. Lykken, Joseph D. TI Semileptonic decays of the standard Higgs boson SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Higgs Physics; Standard Model ID PHYSICS; LHC AB The Higgs boson decay into a pair of real or virtual W bosons, with one of them decaying leptonically, is predicted within the Standard Model to have the largest branching fraction of all Higgs decays that involve an isolated electron or muon, for M-h > 120GeV. We compute analytically the fully-differential width for this h(0) -> lvjj decay at tree level, and then explore some multi-dimensional cuts that preserve the region of large signal. Future searches for semileptonic decays at the Tevatron and LHC, employing fully-differential information as outlined here, may be essential for ruling out or in the Higgs boson and for characterizing a Higgs signal. C1 [Dobrescu, Bogdan A.; Lykken, Joseph D.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Dobrescu, BA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM bdob@fnal.gov; lykken@fnal.gov FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX We would like to thank Alvaro De Rujula, Estia Eichten, Patrick Fox, Tao Han, Robert Harr, Maurizio Pierini, Chris Rogan, Maria Spiropulu, Zack Sullivan, and especially Jan Winter for stimulating discussions. Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract DE-AC02- 07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD APR PY 2010 IS 4 AR 083 DI 10.1007/JHEP04(2010)083 PG 15 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 593PP UT WOS:000277471900047 ER PT J AU Gallicchio, J Mahbubani, R AF Gallicchio, Jason Mahbubani, Rakhi TI Inflation on the brane with vanishing gravity SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Large Extra Dimensions; Field Theories in Higher Dimensions; Cosmology of Theories beyond the SM ID MASS-SPECTRUM; COSMOLOGY; DYNAMICS; SUPERGRAVITY; DIMENSIONS; FLATNESS; UNIVERSE; HORIZON; SPACE AB Many existing models of brane inflation suffer from a steep irreducible gravitational potential between the branes that causes inflation to end too early. Inspired by the fact that point masses in 2+1 D exert no gravitational force, we propose a novel unwarped and non-supersymmetric setup for inflation, consisting of 3-branes in two extra dimensions compactified on a sphere. The size of the sphere is stabilized by a combination of a bulk cosmological constant and a magnetic flux. Computing the 4D effective potential between probe branes in this background, we find a non-zero contribution only from exchange of level-1 KK modes of the graviton and radion. For antipodal pairs of branes the contribution from these modes is absent; we can thus eliminate entirely the troublesome gravitational contribution to the inflationary potential. C1 [Gallicchio, Jason] Harvard Univ, Jefferson Phys Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mahbubani, Rakhi] CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Mahbubani, Rakhi] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Gallicchio, J (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Jefferson Phys Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jason@physics.harvard.edu; rakhi@cern.ch NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD APR PY 2010 IS 4 AR 068 DI 10.1007/JHEP04(2010)068 PG 19 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 593PZ UT WOS:000277473100002 ER PT J AU Konar, P Kong, K Matchev, KT Park, M AF Konar, Partha Kong, Kyoungchul Matchev, Konstantin T. Park, Myeonghun TI Dark matter particle spectroscopy at the LHC: generalizing M-T2 to asymmetric event topologies SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Supersymmetry Phenomenology ID UNIVERSAL EXTRA DIMENSIONS; HADRON COLLIDERS; MASS DETERMINATION; SUPERSYMMETRY; PARITY; MODEL; SPIN AB We consider SUSY-like missing energy events at hadron colliders and critically examine the common assumption that the missing energy is the result of two identical missing particles. In order to experimentally test this hypothesis, we generalize the subsystem M-T2 variable to the case of asymmetric event topologies, where the two SUSY decay chains terminate in different "children" particles. In this more general approach, the endpoint M-T2(max) of the M-T2 distribution now gives the mass (M) over tildep((M) over tilde ((a))(c),(M) over tilde ((b))(c)) of the parent particles as a function of two input children masses (M) over tilde ((a))(c) and (M) over tilde ((b))(c) . We propose two methods for an independent determination of the individual children masses M-c((a)) and M-c((b)). (M) over tildep((M) over tilde ((a))(c),(M) over tilde ((b))(c)) . As we show in several examples, quite often there is a special point along that ridge which marks the true values of the children masses. Our results allow collider experiments to probe a multi-component dark matter sector directly and without any theoretical prejudice. C1 [Konar, Partha; Matchev, Konstantin T.; Park, Myeonghun] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kong, Kyoungchul] SLAC, Dept Theoret Phys, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Konar, P (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM konar@phys.ufl.edu; kckong@slac.stanford.edu; matchev@phys.ufl.edu; ishaed@phys.ufl.edu OI Konar, Partha/0000-0001-8796-1688 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-97ER41029]; DOE [DE-AC02-76SF00515] FX We are grateful to A. J. Barr, B. Gripaios, C. G. Lester, and L. Pape for their insightful and stimulating comments. All authors would like to thank the Fermilab Theoretical Physics Department for warm hospitality and support at various stages during the completion of this work. This work is supported in part by a US Department of Energy grant DE-FG02-97ER41029. KK is supported in part by the DOE under contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. NR 115 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD APR PY 2010 IS 4 AR 086 DI 10.1007/JHEP04(2010)086 PG 50 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 593PP UT WOS:000277471900044 ER PT J AU Kong, K Park, SC Rizzo, TG AF Kong, Kyoungchul Park, Seong Chan Rizzo, Thomas G. TI Collider phenomenology with Split-UED SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Phenomenology of Large extra dimensions; Phenomenology of Field Theories in Higher Dimensions ID DIMENSIONS; HIERARCHY; PARTICLE AB We investigate the collider implications of Split Universal Extra Dimensions. The non-vanishing fermion mass in the bulk, which is consistent with the KK-parity, largely modifies the phenomenology of Minimal Universal Exta Dimensions. We scrutinize the behavior of couplings and study the discovery reach of the Tevatron and the LHC for level-2 Kaluza-Klein modes in the dilepton channel, which would indicates the presence of the extra dimensions. Observation of large event rates for dilepton resonances can result from a nontrivial fermion mass profile along the extra dimensions, which, in turn, may corroborate an extra dimensional explanation for the observation of the positron excess in cosmic rays. C1 [Kong, Kyoungchul; Rizzo, Thomas G.] SLAC, Dept Theoret Phys, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Park, Seong Chan] Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Chiba 2778568, Japan. RP Kong, K (reprint author), SLAC, Dept Theoret Phys, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kckong@slac.stanford.edu; seongchan.park@ipmu.jp; rizzo@slac.stanford.edu FU World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI initiative); MEXT; JSPS [21740172]; DOE [DE-AC02-76SF00515] FX We thank J. Shu and K. Wang for discussions on the forward-backward asymmetry and also thank C. Csaki, J. Heinonen and J. Hubisz for helpful discussion. S. Park is supported by the World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI initiative) by MEXT and also supported by the Grant-in-Aid for scientific research (Young Scientists (B) 21740172) from JSPS, Japan. K. Kong and T. G. Rizzo are supported in part by the DOE under contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD APR PY 2010 IS 4 AR 081 DI 10.1007/JHEP04(2010)081 PG 23 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 593PP UT WOS:000277471900049 ER PT J AU Lai, HL Huston, J Mrenna, S Nadolsky, PM Stump, D Tung, WK Yuan, CP AF Lai, Hung-Liang Huston, Joey Mrenna, Stephen Nadolsky, Pavel M. Stump, Daniel Tung, Wu-Ki Yuan, C. -P. TI Parton distributions for event generators SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE QCD Phenomenology AB In this paper, conventional global QCD analysis is generalized to produce parton distribution functions (PDFs) optimized for use with event generators at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This optimization is accomplished by complementing usual constraints on the PDFs from the existing hard-scattering experimental data with those needed to reproduce cross sections for key scattering processes at the LHC, as predicted by the best available theory, in the joint input to the global analysis. With the optimized PDFs, predictions obtained by event generators at a given order in the QCD coupling strength reproduce the representative LHC cross sections computed at one higher order. In the present study, the optimized PDFs for leading-order event generators were developed. Several optimization strategies and resulting candidate PDF sets (labeled as CT09MCS, CT09MC1 and CT09MC2) are compared with those from other approaches. C1 [Lai, Hung-Liang] Taipei Municipal Univ Educ, Taipei, Taiwan. [Huston, Joey; Stump, Daniel; Tung, Wu-Ki; Yuan, C. -P.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Mrenna, Stephen] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Nadolsky, Pavel M.] So Methodist Univ, Dept Phys, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Tung, Wu-Ki] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Lai, HL (reprint author), Taipei Municipal Univ Educ, Taipei, Taiwan. EM laihungl@gmail.com; huston@msu.edu; mrenna@fnal.gov; nadolsky@physics.smu.edu; pumplin@pa.msu.edu; stump@pa.msu.edu; yuan@pa.msu.edu OI Mrenna, Stephen/0000-0001-8731-160X FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER41299]; Fermilab Research Alliance, LLC [DE-AC02-76CH11359]; United States Department of Energy; U.S. National Science Foundation [PHY-0555545, PHY-0855561, PHY-0757758, PHY-0705862]; National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC-98-2112-M-133-002-MY3]; Lightner-Sams Foundation FX We would like to thank Albert de Roeck, Hannes Jung, Judith Katzy, Peter Skands, Torbjorn Sjostrand, Markus Warzinsky, and participants of the PDF4LHC meetings for useful discussions. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under grant DE-FG02-04ER41299; by the Fermilab Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract DE-AC02-76CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy; by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant numbers PHY-0555545, PHY-0855561, and PHY-0757758; by the National Science Council of Taiwan under grant No. NSC-98-2112-M-133-002-MY3; by LHC Theory Initiative Travel Fellowship awarded by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant PHY-0705862; and by Lightner-Sams Foundation. C.-P. Y. would also like to thank the hospitality of National Center for Theoretical Sciences in Taiwan and Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, in China, where part of this work was done. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD APR PY 2010 IS 4 AR 035 DI 10.1007/JHEP04(2010)035 PG 29 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 593PZ UT WOS:000277473100035 ER PT J AU Low, I Rattazzi, R Vichi, A AF Low, Ian Rattazzi, Riccardo Vichi, Alessandro TI Theoretical constraints on the Higgs effective couplings SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Higgs Physics; Beyond Standard Model; Technicolor and Composite Models ID ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING; PHENOMENOLOGICAL LAGRANGIANS; BOSON PRODUCTION; MODEL; PHYSICS; LHC AB We derive constraints on the sign of couplings in an effective Higgs Lagrangian using prime principles such as the naturalness principle, global symmetries, and unitarity. Specifically, we study four dimension-six operators, O-H, O-y, O-g, and O-gamma, which contribute to the production and decay of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), among other things. Assuming the Higgs is a fundamental scalar, we find: 1) the coefficient of O-H is positive except when there are triplet scalars, resulting in a reduction in the Higgs on-shell coupling from their standard model (SM) expectations if no other operators contribute, 2) the linear combination of O-H and O-y controlling the overall Higgs coupling to fermion is always reduced, 3) the sign of O-g induced by a new colored fermion is such that it interferes destructively with the SM top contribution in the gluon fusion production of the Higgs, if the new fermion cancels the top quadratic divergence in the Higgs mass, and 4) the correlation between naturalness and the sign of O-gamma is similar to that of O-g, when there is a new set of heavy electroweak gauge bosons. Next considering a composite scalar for the Higgs, we find the reduction in the on-shell Higgs couplings persists. If further assuming a collective breaking mechanism as in little Higgs theories, the coefficient of O-H remains positive even in the presence of triplet scalars. In the end, we conclude that the gluon fusion production of the Higgs boson is reduced from the SM rate in all composite Higgs models. Our study suggests a wealth of information could be revealed by precise measurements of the Higgs couplings, providing strong motivations for both improving on measurements at the LHC and building a precision machine such as the linear collider. C1 [Low, Ian] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Low, Ian] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Rattazzi, Riccardo; Vichi, Alessandro] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Theorie Phenomenes Phys, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Low, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ilow@anl.gov; riccardo.rattazzi@epfl.ch; alessandro.vichi@epfl.ch OI Rattazzi, Riccardo/0000-0003-0276-017X FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Swiss National Science Foundation [200021-116372] FX This work is supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under grant DE-AC02-06CH11357 and by the Swiss National Science Foundation under contract No. 200021-116372. We acknowledge the hospitality of theory groups at CERN, EPFL Lausanne, and Northwestern University during the completion of this work. I. L. also acknowledges the hospitality of the Aspen Center for Physics where part of this work was completed. NR 58 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD APR PY 2010 IS 4 AR 126 DI 10.1007/JHEP04(2010)126 PG 40 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 593PP UT WOS:000277471900006 ER PT J AU Yu, Q Sharma, A Sen, J AF Yu, Qing Sharma, Archna Sen, Jyoti TI T Cell Factor-1 Initiates T Helper 2 Fate by Inducing GATA-3 and Repressing IFNgamma SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yu, Qing; Sharma, Archna; Sen, Jyoti] NIA, Immunol Lab, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Yu, Qing] ORAU ORISE, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 EI 1550-6606 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 184 SU 1 MA 99.8 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA V44OM UT WOS:000209758303024 ER PT J AU Fessing, MY Gdula, MR Mardaryev, AN Sharov, AA Sharova, TY Gordon, KB Kohwi-Shigematsu, T Botchkarev, VA AF Fessing, M. Y. Gdula, M. R. Mardaryev, A. N. Sharov, A. A. Sharova, T. Y. Gordon, K. B. Kohwi-Shigematsu, T. Botchkarev, V. A. TI Genome organiser and special AT-rich binding protein Satb1 controls the establishing tissue-specific chromatin organization during development of the epidermis SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Investigative-Dermatology CY MAY 05-08, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Soc Investigat Dermatol C1 [Fessing, M. Y.; Gdula, M. R.; Mardaryev, A. N.; Gordon, K. B.; Botchkarev, V. A.] Univ Bradford, Ctr Skin Sci, Bradford BD7 1DP, W Yorkshire, England. [Sharov, A. A.; Sharova, T. Y.; Botchkarev, V. A.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Kohwi-Shigematsu, T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 130 SU 1 MA 634 BP S106 EP S106 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 580ND UT WOS:000276455100633 ER PT J AU Manson, JL Schlueter, JA McDonald, RD Singleton, J AF Manson, J. L. Schlueter, J. A. McDonald, R. D. Singleton, J. TI Crystal Structure and Antiferromagnetic Ordering of Quasi-2D [Cu(HF2)(pyz)(2)]TaF6 (pyz=pyrazine) SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Research in High Magnetic Fields (RHMF 2009) CY JUL 22-25, 2009 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP Hist Ctr Dresden DE Antiferromagnet; Low-dimensional AB The crystal structure of the title compound was determined by X-ray diffraction at 90 and 295 K. Copper(II) ions are coordinated to four bridging pyz ligands to form square layers in the ab-plane. Bridging HF2- ligands join the layers together along the c-axis to afford a tetragonal, three-dimensional (3D) framework that contains TaF6- anions in every cavity. At 295 K, the pyz rings lie exactly perpendicular to the layers and cooling to 90 K induces a canting of those rings. Magnetically, the compound exhibits 2D antiferromagnetic correlations within the 2D layers with an exchange interaction of -13.1(1) K. Weak interlayer interactions, as mediated by Cu-F-H-F-Cu, leads to long-range magnetic order below 4.2 K. Pulsed-field magnetization data at 0.5 K show a concave curvature with increasing B and reveal a saturation magnetization at 35.4 T. C1 [Manson, J. L.] Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Cheney, WA 99037 USA. [Schlueter, J. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [McDonald, R. D.; Singleton, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Manson, JL (reprint author), Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Cheney, WA 99037 USA. EM jmanson@ewu.edu RI McDonald, Ross/H-3783-2013; OI McDonald, Ross/0000-0002-0188-1087; Mcdonald, Ross/0000-0002-5819-4739 NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD APR PY 2010 VL 159 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 19 DI 10.1007/s10909-009-0079-5 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 567AT UT WOS:000275415400005 ER PT J AU Cizmar, E Ozerov, M Skourski, Y Zvyagin, SA Schlueter, JA Manson, JL Wosnitza, J AF Cizmar, E. Ozerov, M. Skourski, Y. Zvyagin, S. A. Schlueter, J. A. Manson, J. L. Wosnitza, J. TI High-Field Magnetization Study of [Cu(pyz)(2)(HF2)]PF6: An S=1/2 Quasi-two-dimensional Heisenberg Magnet SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Research in High Magnetic Fields (RHMF 2009) CY JUL 22-25, 2009 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP Hist Ctr Dresden DE Two-dimensional; Pulsed magnetic field; Magnetization ID SQUARE LATTICE; ANTIFERROMAGNETS; METASTABILITY AB We report on pulsed-field magnetization studies of the quasi-two-dimensional spin system [Cu(pyz)(2)(HF2)]PF6. The magnetization saturates at B-C(ab) = 37.5 T and B-C(c) = 33.8 T for in-plane and out-of-plane orientations of the applied magnetic field, respectively. In addition, the angular dependence of the g-factor studied by electron-spin resonance reveals orbital overlap in the ab plane suggesting a quasi-two-dimensional square-lattice network of Cu spins. It is argued that the high-field behavior is governed by the two-dimensional nature of the spin correlations due to the large anisotropy of the exchange couplings. C1 [Cizmar, E.; Ozerov, M.; Skourski, Y.; Zvyagin, S. A.; Wosnitza, J.] FZ Dresden Rossendorf, Dresden High Magnet Field Lab, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. [Cizmar, E.] Safarik Univ, Ctr Low Temp Phys, Kosice 04154, Slovakia. [Cizmar, E.] IEP SAS, Kosice 04154, Slovakia. [Schlueter, J. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Manson, J. L.] Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. RP Cizmar, E (reprint author), FZ Dresden Rossendorf, Dresden High Magnet Field Lab, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. EM erik.cizmar@upjs.sk RI Zvyagin, Sergei/H-8389-2014; Cizmar, Erik/R-9171-2016 OI Cizmar, Erik/0000-0001-6289-110X NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD APR PY 2010 VL 159 IS 1-2 BP 92 EP 95 DI 10.1007/s10909-009-0093-7 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 567AT UT WOS:000275415400023 ER PT J AU Gomez, V Kappen, HJ Chertkov, M AF Gomez, Vicenc Kappen, Hilbert J. Chertkov, Michael TI Approximate Inference on Planar Graphs using Loop Calculus and Belief Propagation SO JOURNAL OF MACHINE LEARNING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE belief propagation; loop calculus; approximate inference; partition function; planar graphs; Ising model ID STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; LATTICE; DIMERS; MODELS AB We introduce novel results for approximate inference on planar graphical models using the loop calculus framework. The loop calculus (Chertkov and Chernyak, 2006a) allows to express the exact partition function of a graphical model as a finite sum of terms that can be evaluated once the belief propagation (BP) solution is known. In general, full summation over all correction terms is intractable. We develop an algorithm for the approach presented in Chertkov et al. (2008) which represents an efficient truncation scheme on planar graphs and a new representation of the series in terms of Pfaffians of matrices. We analyze the performance of the algorithm for models with binary variables and pairwise interactions on grids and other planar graphs. We study in detail both the loop series and the equivalent Pfaffian series and show that the first term of the Pfaffian series for the general, intractable planar model, can provide very accurate approximations. The algorithm outperforms previous truncation schemes of the loop series and is competitive with other state of the art methods for approximate inference. C1 [Gomez, Vicenc; Kappen, Hilbert J.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Biophys, NL-6525 EZ Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Chertkov, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chertkov, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gomez, V (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Biophys, NL-6525 EZ Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM V.GOMEZ@SCIENCE.RU.NL; B.KAPPEN@SCIENCE.RU.NL; CHERTKOV@LANL.GOV RI Kappen, Hilbert/D-1921-2010; Kappen, H.J./L-4425-2015; Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015; Gomez, Vicenc/D-1984-2009 OI Gomez, Vicenc/0000-0001-5146-7645 FU Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs [BSIK03024]; U.S. Department of Energy at LANL [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We acknowledge J. M. Mooij, A. Windsor and A. Globerson for providing their software, V. Y. Chernyak, J. K. Johnson and N. Schraudolph for interesting discussions and anonymous reviewers for valuable suggestions. This research is part of the Interactive Collaborative Information Systems (ICIS) project, supported by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, grant BSIK03024. The work at LANL was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at LANL under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MICROTOME PUBL PI BROOKLINE PA 31 GIBBS ST, BROOKLINE, MA 02446 USA SN 1532-4435 J9 J MACH LEARN RES JI J. Mach. Learn. Res. PD APR PY 2010 VL 11 BP 1273 EP 1296 PG 24 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 658VZ UT WOS:000282521500003 ER PT J AU Wang, RL Wang, GJ Goldstein, RZ Caparelli, EC Volkow, ND Fowler, JS Tomasi, D AF Wang, Ruiliang Wang, Gene-Jack Goldstein, Rita Z. Caparelli, Elisabeth C. Volkow, Nora D. Fowler, Joanna S. Tomasi, Dardo TI Induced Magnetic Force in Human Heads Exposed to 4 T MRI SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING LA English DT Article DE magnetic resonance imaging; magnetic gradient field; induced magnetic force; MRI safety; phase mapping; ROI analysis; susceptibility-weighted MR pulse sequence ID PHASE REFERENCE; FIELD; VERTIGO; BRAIN; TASTE; TESLA AB Purpose: To map the distribution of the magnetic force induced in the human head during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 4 T for a large group of healthy volunteers. Materials and Methods: The magnetic field distribution in the head of 100 men and 18 women was mapped using phase mapping techniques. Statistical parametric mapping methods using a family-wise error (EWE) corrected threshold P < 0.05 and region-of-interest analyses were used to assess the significance of the results. Results: Eyeballs, orbitofrontal and temporal cortices, subcallosal gyrus, anterior cingulate, midbrain, and brain-stem (pons) are the brain regions most susceptible to magnetic force. The strength of the magnetic force density in the head was lower than 11.5 +/- 5.3 N/m(3) (right eyeball). The strength of the magnetic force density induced in occipital cortex varied linearly with the x-rotation (pitch) angle. Conclusion: We found that the induced magnetic force is highly significant in the eyeballs, orbitofrontal and temporal cortices. subcallosal gyrus, anterior cingulate as well as midbrain and brainstem (pons), regardless of subjects' age or gender. The maximum induced magnetic force was 6 x 10(5) times weaker than the gravitational force: thus. biological effects of the magnetic force during imaging are not expected to be significant. C1 [Wang, Ruiliang; Wang, Gene-Jack; Goldstein, Rita Z.; Caparelli, Elisabeth C.; Fowler, Joanna S.; Tomasi, Dardo] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Caparelli, Elisabeth C.] SUNY Stony Brook, SCAN Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Volkow, Nora D.; Tomasi, Dardo] NIAAA, Bethesda, MD USA. [Volkow, Nora D.] NIDA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Wang, RL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 555A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rlwang@bnl.gov RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015 FU Intramural NIH HHS [ZIA AA000550-06] NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1053-1807 J9 J MAGN RESON IMAGING JI J. Magn. Reson. Imaging PD APR PY 2010 VL 31 IS 4 BP 815 EP 820 DI 10.1002/jmri.22125 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 578WU UT WOS:000276328200005 PM 20373424 ER PT J AU Ferrari, L Matteucci, G Schofield, MA Beleggia, M Zhu, YM AF Ferrari, Loris Matteucci, Giorgio Schofield, Marvin A. Beleggia, Marco Zhu, Yimei TI Near-Curie magnetic anomaly at the Ni/C interface observed by electron holography SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Electron holography; Curie temperature; Nickel film; Surface anisotropy; Spin-reorientation transition ID PERPENDICULAR ANISOTROPY; NICKEL; TRANSITION; FILMS AB We analyze with electron holography carried out in a transmission electron microscope the near-Curie behavior of magnetism at the edge of a Nickel thin film coated with Carbon. In-situ experiments with finely controlled variations of the sample temperature reveal an anomaly in the ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transition when the film temperature is a few degrees above the nominal Curie point. We interpret the anomaly as a strain-induced spin reorientation transition triggered by the differential thermal expansion of Carbon and Nickel. We present a model that quantitatively reproduces the main features of the observed signal. The model is developed in terms of ananisotropic, temperature dependent exchange coupling between the Nickel moments at the Carbon interface that favors their vertical alignment at low temperatures. (C) 2009 Elseviern B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ferrari, Loris; Matteucci, Giorgio] Univ Bologna, Dept Phys, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Schofield, Marvin A.; Beleggia, Marco; Zhu, Yimei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Beleggia, M (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Ctr Electron Nanoscopy, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. EM mb@cen.dtu.dk OI Beleggia, Marco/0000-0002-2888-1888 FU US Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We gratefully acknowledge F. Boscherini and L. Pasquini for additional X-ray analysis of our samples, and L. Del Bianco for simulating discussions. Financial support was provided by the US Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD APR PY 2010 VL 322 IS 7 BP 858 EP 865 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2009.11.017 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 544QC UT WOS:000273672700020 ER PT J AU Han, WQ Su, D Murphy, M Ward, M Sham, TK Wu, LJ Zhu, YM Hu, YF Aoki, T AF Han, Wei-Qiang Su, Dong Murphy, Michael Ward, Matthew Sham, Tsun-Kong Wu, Lijun Zhu, Yimei Hu, Yongfeng Aoki, Toshihiro TI Microstructure and electronic behavior of PtPd@Pt core-shell nanowires SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; OXYGEN-REDUCTION; X-RAY; METAL NANOSTRUCTURES; SURFACE SEGREGATION; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; POROUS SILICON; PD; NANOPARTICLES; PLATINUM AB PtPd@Pt core-shell ultrathin nanowires were prepared using a one-step phase-transfer approach. The diameters of the nanowires range from 2 to 3 nm, and their lengths are up to hundreds of nanometers. Line scanning electron energy loss spectra showed that PtPd bimetallic nanowires have a core-shell structure, with a PtPd alloy core and a Pt monolayer shell. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra reveal that a strong Pt-Pd interaction exists in this nanowire system in that there is PtPd alloying and/or interfacial interaction. Extended x-ray absorption fine structures (EXAFS) further confirms the PtPd@Pt core-shell structure. The bimetallic nanowires were determined to be face-centered cubic structures. The long-chain organic molecules of n-dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide and octadecylamine, used as surfactants during synthesis, were clearly observed using aberration-corrected TEM operated at 80 KV. The interaction of Pt and surfactants was also revealed by EXAFS. C1 [Han, Wei-Qiang; Su, Dong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Murphy, Michael; Ward, Matthew; Sham, Tsun-Kong] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Wu, Lijun; Zhu, Yimei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Hu, Yongfeng] Univ Saskatchewan, Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. [Aoki, Toshihiro] JEOL USA Inc, Peabody, MA 01961 USA. RP Han, WQ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM whan@bnl.gov RI Han, WQ/E-2818-2013; Aoki, Toshihiro/I-4852-2015; Su, Dong/A-8233-2013 OI Su, Dong/0000-0002-1921-6683 FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSERC; NRC; CIHR; University of Saskatchewan; CRC; CFI; OIT FX This work is supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. Research at APS was supported by the U.S. DOE, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. C.L.S. is supported by NSERC, NRC, CIHR, and University of Saskatchewan. Work at UWO is supported by NSERC, CRC, CFI, and OIT. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 37 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD APR PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 711 EP 717 DI 10.1557/JMR.2010.0090 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 578GW UT WOS:000276282600016 ER PT J AU McDonald, JP Rodriguez, MA Jones, ED Adams, DP AF McDonald, Joel P. Rodriguez, Mark A. Jones, Eric D., Jr. Adams, David P. TI Rare-earth transition-metal intermetallic compounds produced via self-propagating, high-temperature synthesis SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID REACTIVE MULTILAYER FOILS; COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; SCANDIUM; HEAT; YAG; YTTRIUM; SYSTEM AB Several binary intermetallic compounds-each containing a rare-earth (RE) element paired with a transition metal (TM)-were prepared by self-propagating, high-temperature synthesis (SHS). Thin multilayers, composed of alternating Sc or Y (RE element) and Ag, Cu, or Au (TM), were first deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering. Once the initially distinct layers were stimulated and caused to mix, exothermic reactions propagated to completion. X-ray diffraction revealed that Sc/Au, Sc/Cu, Y/Au, and Y/Cu multilayers react in vacuum to form single-phase, cubic B2 structures. Multi layers containing Ag and a RE metal formed cubic B2 (RE)Ag and a minority (RE)Ag-2 phase. The influence of an oxygen-containing environment on the reaction dynamics and the formation of phase were investigated, providing evidence for the participation of secondary combustion reactions during metal-metal SHS. High-speed photography demonstrated reaction propagation speeds that ranged from 0.1-40.0 m/s (dependent on material system and foil design). Both steady and spin-like reaction modes were observed. C1 [McDonald, Joel P.; Rodriguez, Mark A.; Jones, Eric D., Jr.; Adams, David P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McDonald, JP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jpmcdon@sandia.gov FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development grant at Sandia National Laboratories; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We gratefully acknowledge funding for this work obtained through a Laboratory Directed Research and Development grant at Sandia National Laboratories. In addition, we thank W. Wallace for Auger electron spectroscopy and analysis. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 61 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD APR PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 718 EP 727 DI 10.1557/JMR.2010.0091 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 578GW UT WOS:000276282600017 ER PT J AU Boyle, TJ Lambert, TN Pratt, HD Lu, P Griego, JJM Bush, N Chavez, CA Welk, M AF Boyle, Timothy J. Lambert, Timothy N. Pratt, Harry D., III Lu, Ping Griego, James J. M. Bush, Nancy Chavez, Carlos A. Welk, Margaret TI Morphological and phase dependence of nanotitania materials generated under extreme pH conditions for large scale production of TiO2 nanowires (basic) and nanosquares or nanrods (acidic) SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS; PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; TITANATE NANOTUBES; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; METAL-OXIDES; NANOPARTICLES; ANATASE; NANOMATERIALS; SHAPE AB The effect that the phase of the starting nanoseed titania (TiO2), the pH of the solvent solution, and the processing methodology employed have on the properties of the resultant TiO2 nanomaterials were explored. This led to the development of a new process to produce large-scale, phase pure, thin nanowires of TiO2 at high pH and nanosquares at low pH. Anatase, rutile, and Degussa P25(TM) TiO2 nanoparticle starting materials (or nanoseeds) were processed in strongly basic (10 M KOH) and strongly acidic (conc. HX, where X = Cl, Br, I) solutions using solvothermal (SOLVO) and solution precipitation (SPPT) methodologies. Under basic SOLVO conditions, the nanoseeds were converted to H2Ti2O5 center dot H2O nanowires. The SPPT basic conditions also produced the same phased nanowires for the rutile and anatase nanoseeds, while the Degussa nanomaterial yielded mixed phased [anatase:rutile (9:1)] nanowires. The SPPT method was found to produce substantially thinner nanowires in comparison to the SOLVO route, with comparable surface areas but the strong basic media led to etching of the glassware yielding HK3Ti4O4(SiO4)(3)center dot 4H(2)O nanorods. Hybridization of these two processing routes led to the use of Nalgene(TM) bottle as the reaction flask termed the hybrid (HYBR) route, yielding even thinner H2Ti2O5 center dot H2O nanowires on a large-scale. Switching to a concentrated halide acid (HX, where X = Cl, Br, I) system, SOLVO, SPPT, and HYBR routes were investigated. The resultant TEM images revealed that the rutile starting material yielded short rods, whereas the anatase seeds formed square or faceted materials. C1 [Boyle, Timothy J.; Pratt, Harry D., III; Griego, James J. M.; Bush, Nancy] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Lambert, Timothy N.; Chavez, Carlos A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Mat Devices & Energy Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Lu, Ping] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Mat Characterizat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Welk, Margaret] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Fuels & Energy Transit, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Boyle, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM tjboyle@Sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Material Sciences and Engineering [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Sandia National Laboratories FX For support of this research, the authors thank the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Material Sciences and Engineering and the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 EI 1573-4803 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 45 IS 7 BP 1744 EP 1759 DI 10.1007/s10853-009-4148-6 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 550AA UT WOS:000274096400005 ER PT J AU Kane, SR Ashby, PD Pruitt, LA AF Kane, Sheryl R. Ashby, Paul D. Pruitt, Lisa A. TI Microscale wear behavior and crosslinking of PEG-like coatings for total hip replacements SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT POLYETHYLENE; TOTAL JOINT REPLACEMENTS; PERIPROSTHETIC OSTEOLYSIS; ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; POLYMER; DEBRIS; ARTHROPLASTY; HYDROGELS AB The predominant cause of late-state failure of total hip replacements is wear-mediated osteolysis caused by wear particles that originate from the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) acetabular cup surface. One strategy for reducing wear particle formation from UHMWPE is to modify the surface with a hydrophilic coating to increase lubrication from synovial fluid. This study focuses on the wear behavior of hydrophilic coatings similar to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The coatings were produced by plasma-polymerizing tetraglyme on UHMWPE in a chamber heated to 40A degrees C or 50A degrees C. Both temperatures yielded coatings with PEG-like chemistry and increased hydrophilicity relative to uncoated UHMWPE; however, the 40A degrees C coatings were significantly more resistant to damage induced by atomic force microscopy nanoscratching. The 40A degrees C coatings exhibited only one damage mode (delamination) and often showed no signs of damage after repeated scratching. In contrast, the 50A degrees C coatings exhibited three damage modes (roughening, thinning, and delamination), and always showed visible signs of damage after no more than two scratches. The greater wear resistance of the 40A degrees C coatings could not be explained by coating chemistry or hydrophilicity, but it corresponded to an approximately 26-32% greater degree of crosslinking relative to the 50A degrees C surfaces, suggesting that crosslinking should be a significant design consideration for hydrophilic coatings used for total hip replacements and other wear-dependent applications. C1 [Kane, Sheryl R.; Pruitt, Lisa A.] UC San Francisco, Joint Grad Grp Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kane, Sheryl R.; Pruitt, Lisa A.] UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ashby, Paul D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pruitt, LA (reprint author), UC San Francisco, Joint Grad Grp Bioengn, 5134 Etcheverry Hall,MC 1740, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lpruitt@me.berkeley.edu FU NSF [CMS 0505272]; UCSF; American Association of University Women; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NIH [EB-002027] FX This work was supported by the NSF (grant # CMS 0505272 and a Graduate Research Fellowship), a Sigma Xi Grant-in-Aid of Research, a UCSF Graduate Student Research Award, and the American Association of University Women. AFM work at the Molecular Foundry was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract # DE-AC02-05CH11231. XPS was performed at the University of Washington NESAC/BIO facility, supported by NIH grant # EB-002027. In addition, the authors would like to acknowledge Kyriakos Komvopoulos for his tribology expertise, Stephanie Uhlich and Amy Walters for their contributions to the contact angle experiments, and Stephen Kaplan and 4th State Inc. for assistance with and use of their plasma equipment. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4530 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER M JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Med. PD APR PY 2010 VL 21 IS 4 BP 1037 EP 1045 DI 10.1007/s10856-009-3935-6 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 578EF UT WOS:000276275600001 PM 20091104 ER PT J AU Wataha, JC Hobbs, DT Wong, JJ Dogan, S Zhang, H Chung, KH Elvington, MC AF Wataha, John C. Hobbs, David T. Wong, Jacqueline J. Dogan, Sami Zhang, Hai Chung, K. -H. Elvington, Mark C. TI Titanates deliver metal ions to human monocytes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Amorphous peroxotitantes (APT) are insoluble titanium-based particles that bind a variety of metal compounds with high affinity; these particles could be sequestered locally in a solid phase to deliver metal-based drugs. Previous studies have confirmed the 'biodelivery' of metals from metal-APT complexes to fibroblasts, but not monocytes. Our goal in the current study was to use monocytic cytokine secretion to assess delivery of gold or platinum-based compounds from APT to human THP1 monocytes. Cytokine secretion was not triggered by APT alone or metal-APT complexes. In monocytes activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), APT alone enhanced or suppressed IL1 beta or IL6 secretion, yet TNF alpha secretion was unaffected. Complexes of APT and Au(III) or cis-platin altered LPS-activated IL6 or IL1 beta secretion most, TNF alpha least. Our results suggest that the APT deliver metals to monocytes. C1 [Wataha, John C.; Wong, Jacqueline J.; Dogan, Sami; Zhang, Hai; Chung, K. -H.] Univ Washington, Sch Dent, Dept Restorat Dent, Seattle, WA 98197 USA. [Hobbs, David T.; Elvington, Mark C.] Savannah River Nucl Solut LLC, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Wataha, JC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Dent, Dept Restorat Dent, D770 Hlth Sci Bldg,1959 NE Pacific St,Box 357456, Seattle, WA 98197 USA. EM jwataha@gmail.com FU University of Washington; Savannah River National Laboratory LDRD FX The authors thank the University of Washington and the Savannah River National Laboratory LDRD Program for their support of our work. The authors also sincerely thank Ms. Petra Lockwood for her excellent technical help with the assays. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4530 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER M JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Med. PD APR PY 2010 VL 21 IS 4 BP 1289 EP 1295 DI 10.1007/s10856-009-3941-8 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 578EF UT WOS:000276275600028 PM 19941042 ER PT J AU Wu, JW Liu, XB AF Wu, Junwei Liu, Xingbo TI Recent Development of SOFC Metallic Interconnect SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC); Interconnect; Spinel; Coating ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; FERRITIC STAINLESS-STEEL; CHROMIUM-CONTAINING ALLOY; MN-CO ALLOYS; OXIDATION RESISTANCE; THERMAL-EXPANSION; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SPINEL COATINGS; BASE ALLOYS; TEMPERATURE AB Interest in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) stems from their higher efficiencies and lower levels of emitted pollutants, compared to traditional power production methods. Interconnects are a critical part in SOFC stacks, which connect cells in series electrically, and also separate air-or oxygen at the cathode side from fuel at the anode side. Therefore, the requirements of interconnects are the most demanding, i.e., to maintain high electrical conductivity, good stability in both reducing and oxidizing atmospheres, and close coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) match and good compatibility with other SOFC ceramic components. The paper reviewed the interconnect materials, and coatings for metallic interconnect materials. C1 [Wu, Junwei; Liu, Xingbo] W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Wu, Junwei; Liu, Xingbo] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Wu, Junwei] Univ Town, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Shenzhen Grad Sch, Harbin Inst Technol, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China. RP Liu, XB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM xingbo.liu@mail.wvu.edu FU RDS [DE-AC26- 04NT41817] FX This technical effort was performed in support of the National Energy Technology Laboratory's on-going research in solid oxide fuel cell Under the RDS contract DE-AC26- 04NT41817. The authors appreciate technical contributions from Drs. Christopher Johnson, Randall Gemmen, and Kirk Gerdes at NETL. NR 71 TC 93 Z9 100 U1 10 U2 97 PU JOURNAL MATER SCI TECHNOL PI SHENYANG PA 72 WENHUA RD, SHENYANG 110015, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1005-0302 J9 J MATER SCI TECHNOL JI J. Mater. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 BP 293 EP 305 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 596PT UT WOS:000277698000002 ER PT J AU Williams, JD Sun, P Sweatt, WC Ellis, AR AF Williams, John D. Sun, Po Sweatt, William C. Ellis, A. R. TI Metallic-tilted woodpile photonic crystals in the midinfrared SO JOURNAL OF MICRO-NANOLITHOGRAPHY MEMS AND MOEMS LA English DT Article DE 3-D photonic crystal; photonic bandgap; wood pile; tilted wood pile ID BAND-GAPS; TEMPLATES AB We demonstrate a large area production of 3-D woodpile metallic photonic crystals using deep x-ray lithography and subsequent electroforming. These structures represent the (110) orientation of the (001) woodpile structures most commonly presented in the literature. This approach requires no alignment and is capable of generating a 3 unit cell thick photonic crystal in a simple three step process flow. Tilted woodpiles demonstrate band characteristics very similar to those observed from (001) woodpiles. Reflectivity tests show a band edge around 4 mu m and good comparison well with numerical simulations. (C) 2010 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3427162] C1 [Williams, John D.; Sun, Po] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Sweatt, William C.; Ellis, A. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Williams, JD (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM williams@eng.uah.edu FU United States Department of Energy [DEAC04-94AL 85000]; Office of the Vice President of Research for UAHuntsville FX The authors would like to thank the Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices (CAMD) at Louisiana State University, and especially Zhong-Geng Ling for his work exposing these structures. Device fabrication and testing was completed under Williams at Sandia National Laboratories, a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DEAC04-94AL 85000. Modeling and simulation were completed at UAHuntsville and funded by the Office of the Vice President of Research for UAHuntsville. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1932-5150 J9 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEM JI J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS PD APR-JUN PY 2010 VL 9 IS 2 AR 023011 DI 10.1117/1.3427162 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 629TK UT WOS:000280222400012 ER PT J AU James, CD McClain, J Pohl, KR Reuel, N Achyuthan, KE Bourdon, CJ Rahimian, K Galambos, PC Ludwig, G Derzon, MS AF James, Conrad D. McClain, Jaime Pohl, Kenneth R. Reuel, Nigel Achyuthan, Komandoor E. Bourdon, Christopher J. Rahimian, Kamyar Galambos, Paul C. Ludwig, George Derzon, Mark S. TI High-efficiency magnetic particle focusing using dielectrophoresis and magnetophoresis in a microfluidic device SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID PATHOGEN DETECTION; ON-CHIP; SEPARATION; INSTRUMENTS; SIMULANTS; CHANNELS; AGENTS; ELISA; FOOD AB We describe a novel technique that utilizes simultaneous implementation of dielectrophoresis (DEP) and magnetophoresis (MAP) to focus magnetic particles into streams for optical analysis of biological samples. This technique does not require sheath flow and utilizes a novel interdigitated electrode array chip that yields multiple streams of flowing magnetic particles in single-file columns. The MAP force placed particles in close proximity to the microelectrodes where they were subjected to a strong DEP force that generated the particle focusing effect. Particle focusing efficiency was improved using this combination DEP-MAP technique compared to DEP alone: particle stream widths were reduced similar to 47% and stream width variability was reduced 80% for focused streams of 8.5 mu m diameter magnetic particles. 3 mu m diameter magnetic particles were strongly focused with DEP-MAP (similar to 4 mu m wide streams with sub-mu m variability in stream width) while DEP alone provided minimal focusing. Additional components of a prototype detection system were also demonstrated including an integrated magnetic pelleting component, a hand-held MHz frequency signal generator and a bench-top near-confocal microscope for optical analysis of flowing particles. Preliminary testing of a sandwich assay performed on the surface of magnetic particles showed 50 ppb detection levels of a surrogate biotoxin (ovalbumin) in a raw milk sample. C1 [James, Conrad D.; McClain, Jaime; Pohl, Kenneth R.; Achyuthan, Komandoor E.; Bourdon, Christopher J.; Rahimian, Kamyar; Galambos, Paul C.; Derzon, Mark S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Reuel, Nigel] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Ludwig, George] USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP James, CD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM cdjame@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors thank Vickie Peck, Matthew Hopkins, James Cullor and Paul Rossitto for useful discussions, and Darin Graf, Cody Washburn, Patty Sawyer and John Anderson for device fabrication and experimental support. This work was funded by Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research and Development program. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD APR PY 2010 VL 20 IS 4 AR 045015 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/20/4/045015 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 572OG UT WOS:000275841800016 ER PT J AU Saraf, LV AF Saraf, Laxmikant V. TI Site-specific Pt deposition and etching on electrically and thermally isolated SiO2 micro-disk surfaces SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID BEAM INDUCED DEPOSITION; ELECTROPOLISHING SILICON; ION; FABRICATION; PLATINUM; SENSOR AB Electrically and thermally isolated surfaces are crucial for improving the detection sensitivity of microelectronic sensors. The site-specific in situ growth of Pt nano-rods on thermally and electrically isolated SiO2 micro-disks using wet chemical etching and a focused ion/electron dual beam (FIB-SEM) is demonstrated. Fabrication of an array of micro-cavities on top of a micro-disk is also demonstrated. The FIB source is utilized to fabricate through-holes in the micro-disks. Due to the amorphous nature of SiO2 micro-disks, the Ga implantation possibly modifies through-hole sidewall surface chemistry rather than affecting its transport properties. Some sensor design concepts based on micro-fabrication of SiO2 micro-disks utilizing thermally and electrically isolated surfaces are discussed from the viewpoint of applications in photonics and bio-sensing. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Saraf, LV (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD APR PY 2010 VL 20 IS 4 AR 045031 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/20/4/045031 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 572OG UT WOS:000275841800032 ER PT J AU Hause, ML Hall, GE Sears, TJ AF Hause, Michael L. Hall, Gregory E. Sears, Trevor J. TI Sub-Doppler laser absorption spectroscopy of the A(2)Pi <- X-2 Sigma(+) (1, 0) band of CN: Measurement of the N-14 hyperfine parameters in A(2)Pi CN (vol 253, pg 122, 2009) SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Correction C1 [Hause, Michael L.; Hall, Gregory E.; Sears, Trevor J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sears, TJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gehall@bnl.gov; sears@bnl.gov RI Hall, Gregory/D-4883-2013; Sears, Trevor/B-5990-2013 OI Hall, Gregory/0000-0002-8534-9783; Sears, Trevor/0000-0002-5559-0154 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD APR PY 2010 VL 260 IS 2 BP 138 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2010.01.005 PG 1 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 587IH UT WOS:000276983600009 ER PT J AU Xiao, Z Camino, FE AF Xiao, Z. Camino, F. E. TI An Effective Switching-Off Mechanism for High-Performance Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors SO JOURNAL OF NANOELECTRONICS AND OPTOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs); Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors (CNTFETs); Junction Field-Effect Transistors (JFETs) ID ALIGNED ARRAYS; SINGLE; ELECTRONICS; NETWORKS; SENSORS AB We report an effective switching-off mechanism for the fabrication of high-performance carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) formed by ultra-purified single-walled carbon nano-tubes (SWCNTs) with p-type Sb(2)Te(3) semiconductor as the source and drain contact material and a narrow platinum gate entirely defined inside the source and drain contact region. CNTFETs show drain-source current (I(Ds)) as a function of drain-source voltage (V(DS)) and gate voltage (V(GS)) of similar characteristics to a p-channel junction field-effect transistor (JFET). CNTFETs are normally on, and they can be effectively switched off with applying a positive gate voltage. By localizing the gate action primarily on the SWCNTs, away from the source and drain contacts, we could clearly interpret the beneficial effect of semiconducting contacts on the performance of CNTFETs. The proposed device is novel and could be a solution to the switching-off problem in CNTFETs. C1 [Xiao, Z.] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Camino, F. E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Xiao, Z (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Normal, AL 35762 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Security Agency [H98230-07-1-0113]; National Science Foundation [EPS-0814103] FX Research carried out in part at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886; The research is supported by National Security Agency under Grant No. H98230-07-1-0113 and National Science Foundation under Grant No. EPS-0814103. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1555-130X J9 J NANOELECTRON OPTOE JI J. Nanoelectron. Optoelectron. PD APR PY 2010 VL 5 IS 1 BP 26 EP 29 DI 10.1166/jno.2010.1058 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 631QH UT WOS:000280362200004 ER PT J AU Armstead, WM Ganguly, K Kiessling, JW Riley, J Chen, XH Smith, DH Stein, SC Higazi, AAR Cines, DB Bdeir, K Zaitsev, S Muzykantov, VR AF Armstead, William M. Ganguly, Kumkum Kiessling, J. W. Riley, John Chen, Xiao-Han Smith, Douglas H. Stein, Sherman C. Higazi, Abd A. R. Cines, Douglas B. Bdeir, Khalil Zaitsev, Sergei Muzykantov, Vladimir R. TI Signaling, delivery and age as emerging issues in the benefit/risk ratio outcome of tPA For treatment of CNS ischemic disorders SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE cerebral ischemia; neurovascular unit; pediatric; signaling; stroke; tissue plasminogen activator ID TISSUE-PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; FOCAL CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; RECEPTOR-RELATED PROTEIN; ARTERY OCCLUSION; ERK MAPK; PROPHYLACTIC FIBRINOLYSIS; NMDA CEREBROVASODILATION; DEPENDENT IMPAIRMENT; NEUROVASCULAR UNIT AB Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. While tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) remains the only FDA-approved treatment for ischemic stroke, clinical use of tPA has been constrained to roughly 3% of eligible patients because of the danger of intracranial hemorrhage and a narrow 3 h time window for safe administration. Basic science studies indicate that tPA enhances excitotoxic neuronal cell death. In this review, the beneficial and deleterious effects of tPA in ischemic brain are discussed along with emphasis on development of new approaches toward treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke. In particular, roles of tPA-induced signaling and a novel delivery system for tPA administration based on tPA coupling to carrier red blood cells will be considered as therapeutic modalities for increasing tPA benefit/risk ratio. The concept of the neurovascular unit will be discussed in the context of dynamic relationships between tPA-induced changes in cerebral hemodynamics and histopathologic outcome of CNS ischemia. Additionally, the role of age will be considered since thrombolytic therapy is being increasingly used in the pediatric population, but there are few basic science studies of CNS injury in pediatric animals. C1 [Armstead, William M.; Kiessling, J. W.; Riley, John] Univ Penn, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Armstead, William M.; Zaitsev, Sergei; Muzykantov, Vladimir R.] Univ Penn, Dept Pharmacol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Ganguly, Kumkum] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Chen, Xiao-Han; Smith, Douglas H.; Stein, Sherman C.] Univ Penn, Dept Neurosurg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Higazi, Abd A. R.; Cines, Douglas B.; Bdeir, Khalil] Univ Penn, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Higazi, Abd A. R.] Hadassah Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Biochem, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. [Higazi, Abd A. R.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Med Sch, IL-91010 Jerusalem, Israel. [Zaitsev, Sergei; Muzykantov, Vladimir R.] Univ Penn, Inst Environm Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Muzykantov, Vladimir R.] Univ Penn, Inst Translat Med & Therapeut, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Armstead, WM (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, 3620 Hamilton Walk,JM3, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM armsteaw@uphs.upenn.edu RI smith, douglas/A-1321-2007 FU National Institutes of Health [NS53410, HD57355, HL76406, CA83121, HL76206, HL07971, HL81864, HL77760, HL82545, HL66442, HL090697]; University of Pennsylvania Research Foundation; University of Pennsylvania Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics; Israeli Science Foundation FX There are no declared conflicts of interest. This research was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, NS53410 and HD57355 (WMA), HL76406, CA83121, HL76206, HL07971, and HL81864 (DBC), HL77760 and HL82545 (AARH), HL66442 and HL090697 (VRM), the University of Pennsylvania Research Foundation (WMA and VRM), the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (DBC), and the Israeli Science Foundation (AARH). NR 86 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD APR PY 2010 VL 113 IS 2 BP 303 EP 312 DI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06613.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 570KJ UT WOS:000275674100002 PM 20405577 ER PT J AU Lamb, J Chandra, D Coleman, M Sharma, A Cathey, WN Paglieri, SN Wermer, JR Bowman, RC Lynch, FE AF Lamb, Joshua Chandra, Dhanesh Coleman, Michael Sharma, Archana Cathey, William N. Paglieri, Stephen N. Wermer, Joseph R. Bowman, Robert C., Jr. Lynch, Franklin E. TI Low and high-pressure hydriding of V-0.5at.%C SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN PERMEATION CHARACTERISTICS; TRITIUM EXTRACTION; BREEDER-BLANKET; LIQUID LITHIUM; METAL-HYDRIDES; VANADIUM; PALLADIUM; MEMBRANES; SYSTEM; DIFFUSION AB The low-pressure hydriding characteristics of V-0.5at.%C alloy were determined in this study. There are several prior reports on the pressure-composition-temperature (p-c-T) isotherms and stability of the low-pressure vanadium hydride phases (V(2)H or beta(1)), and of vanadium alloyed with transition elements, but there are no reports on the hydrides of V-C alloys. The thermodynamic properties of the vanadium did not change significantly with the addition of carbon. In addition to low-pressure studies on V-0.5at.%C, we also performed high-pressure studies on V(2)H <-> VH <-> VH(2) (beta(1) <-> beta(2) <-> gamma) hydrides, including thermal cycling (778 cycles) between the beta and gamma phases. Thermal cycling between VH <-> VH(2) increased the pressure hysteresis. The effects of thermal cycling (4000 cycles) on the absorption and desorption isotherms of V-0.5at.%C and on the H/M ratios for the beta(1)-, beta(2)- and gamma-phase hydrides are also presented. There was minimal decrepitation (pulverization) of the alloy; decrepitation of the V-0.5at.%C alloy was dramatically less than that of pure vanadium. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lamb, Joshua; Chandra, Dhanesh; Coleman, Michael; Sharma, Archana; Cathey, William N.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Paglieri, Stephen N.] TDA Res Inc, Wheat Ridge, CO 80033 USA. [Wermer, Joseph R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bowman, Robert C., Jr.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lynch, Franklin E.] HCI, Littleton, CO 80125 USA. RP Chandra, D (reprint author), Univ Nevada, MS 388, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM dchandra@unr.edu OI Bowman, Robert/0000-0002-2114-1713 FU US DOE; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX We acknowledge Dr. Wen Ming Chien for assistance with plotting some of the figures, and Dr. Raja Chellappa, Dr. John D. Wright, and Jan Graves for proofreading the manuscript. This work was funded in part by the US DOE and was partially performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology under contract with the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The authors are also grateful for assistance by the DOE Metal Hydride Center of Excellence. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 399 IS 1 BP 55 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.01.002 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 591VR UT WOS:000277333700007 ER PT J AU Fair, JM Hanelt, B Burnett, K AF Fair, Jeanne M. Hanelt, Ben Burnett, Kassidy TI Horsehair Worms (Gordius robustus) in Nests of the Western Bluebird (Sialia mexicana): Evidence for Anti-Predator Avoidance? SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHYLUM-NEMATOMORPHA; PREDATION; HAIRWORMS; CRICKETS AB Hairworms (Nematomorpha: Gordiida) are internal parasites that alter the behavior of their terrestrial insect host, forcing it to enter the water to reach its reproductive habitat. After reproduction of the free-living adults, the larvae encyst in aquatic insects and are retained upon metamorphosis of the insect into an adult fly. This paratenic host links the aquatic and terrestrial environments after its consumption by omnivorous or predatory insects. Therefore, hairworms are usually only associated with invertebrates, and few reports discuss hairworm interactions with vertebrate species. Here, we report on the finding of horsehair worms in nests of a cavity-nesting bird species in Los Alamos County, New Mexico. From 2004 to 2008, 7 nests within nest boxes occupied by the western bluebird (Sialia mexicana) contained 8 hairworms that were identified as Gordius robustus. All of the nest boxes with worms were less than 100 m from stagnant or low-flowing streams. The most likely explanation for the presence of the worms in the nests is that worms engaged in anti-predator avoidance after their insect hosts were collected and before digestion by nestling birds. C1 [Fair, Jeanne M.; Burnett, Kassidy] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hanelt, Ben] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Fair, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jmfair@lanl.gov FU Los Alamos National Security, LLC, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We thank the following people for excellence in the field: C. Hathcock, D. Keller, L. Maestas, E. Powell, R. Robinson, and S. Sherwood. We are grateful to Orrin Myers for establishing the avian nest box monitoring network. This research was funded by the Environmental Restoration Program through Los Alamos National Security, LLC, operator of the Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Finally, we would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 96 IS 2 BP 429 EP 430 DI 10.1645/GE-2313.1 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 610ZS UT WOS:000278780600026 PM 19954262 ER PT J AU Kose, ME Long, H Kim, K Graf, P Ginley, D AF Kose, Muhammet E. Long, Hai Kim, Kwiseon Graf, Peter Ginley, David TI Charge Transport Simulations in Conjugated Dendrimers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; VIBRATIONAL REORGANIZATION ENERGY; ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS; THIOPHENE DENDRIMERS; HOLE MOBILITIES; ELECTRON; GENERATION; PARAMETERS; OLIGOMERS; RUBRENE AB We present here a theoretical methodology that exploits quantum mechanical calculations, Molecular mechanics calculations, and Monte Carlo simulations to predict the time-of-flight measurement mobilities in films of phenyl-cored conjugated thiophene dendrimers. Our aim is to reveal structure-property relationships in amorphous films of organic pi-conjugated materials. The simulations show that both hole and electron mobilities increase with the size of dendrimer, and that the former is larger than latter in all dendrimers. Internal reorganization energies are inversely correlated with the mobilities. Our simulations also indicate that dendrimers have small density of states for energetic disorder (<60 meV), and both hole and electron mobilities possess weak electric field dependence. We examine the influence of external reorganization energy as well as the possible trap sites oil charge transport in these materials. C1 [Kose, Muhammet E.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Mol Biol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Long, Hai; Kim, Kwiseon; Graf, Peter; Ginley, David] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kose, ME (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Mol Biol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM muhammet.kose@ndsu.edu RI Kose, Muhammet/C-7167-2012; Long, Hai/C-5838-2015 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08G028308] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC36-08G028308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. M.E.K. thanks Brian A. Gregg for his valuable discussions. NR 41 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 12 BP 4388 EP 4393 DI 10.1021/jp911051u PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 572TH UT WOS:000275855500045 PM 20218594 ER PT J AU Black, JK Tracy, LE Roche, CP Henry, PJ Pesavento, JB Adalsteinsson, T AF Black, Jeremy K. Tracy, Lauren E. Roche, Conor P. Henry, Paul J. Pesavento, Joseph B. Adalsteinsson, Thorsteinn TI Phase Transitions of Hexadecane in Poly(alkyl methacrylate) Core-Shell Microcapsules SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID IN-WATER EMULSIONS; MINIEMULSION POLYMERIZATION; CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS; MEDIATED NUCLEATION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; LIQUID DROPLETS; SURFACE-TENSION; CALORIMETRY; SILICA; NANOCAPSULES AB Microcapsules containing subfemtoliter Volumes of n-hexadecane (HD) within a 4-40 nm thick shell of poly(alkyl methacrylates) were prepared. The size of the HD drop was varied between 50 and 140 nm. The alkyl substituents on the methacrylate monomer were varied to alter the surface tension between the HD and the polymer shell in order to investigate the effects of surface tension on the freezing point of the HD. The size dependence of the Supercooling as predicted by the G-T equation was not observed in our systems. An effect oil the magnitude of supercooling with variation in the side chains was observed, where freezing the HD in capsules with bulkier side chains requires a greater magnitude of supercooling. This is in agreement with the increased hydrophobic character of the polymers and also correlates with the decrease in glass transition temperature of the polymer. We also observed aging of the capsules, which could be accelerated by heating. C1 [Black, Jeremy K.; Tracy, Lauren E.; Roche, Conor P.; Henry, Paul J.; Adalsteinsson, Thorsteinn] Santa Clara Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. [Adalsteinsson, Thorsteinn] Santa Clara Univ, Ctr Nanostruct, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. [Pesavento, Joseph B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Adalsteinsson, T (reprint author), Santa Clara Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. EM tadalsteinsson@scu.edu FU Santa Clara University Faculty Development Office [0057]; Claire Luce Booth [DEAN1121] FX The authors thank Santa Clara University for financial support for this work. J.K.B. was supported by a grant from Santa Clara University Faculty Development Office "EIBM#0057". Lauren Tracy was supported by The Claire Luce Booth fellowship "DEAN1121". GPC analysis of samples was done by Polymer Laboratories Inc. Trials in using SEM to image the capsules were done at the Center for Nanostructures at Santa Clara University by the group members in the Adalsteinsson group. The authors also thank Professor J. Gilbert at Santa Clara University for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 12 BP 4130 EP 4137 DI 10.1021/jp9080355 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 572TK UT WOS:000275855800003 PM 20205375 ER PT J AU Liu, HB Sale, KL Holmes, BM Simmons, BA Singh, S AF Liu, Hanbin Sale, Kenneth L. Holmes, Bradley M. Simmons, Blake A. Singh, Seema TI Understanding the Interactions of Cellulose with Ionic Liquids: A Molecular Dynamics Study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID 1-N-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM CHLORIDE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; FORCE-FIELD; BASIS-SETS; DISSOLUTION; MODEL; PRETREATMENT; SOLVENT AB Ionic liquids (ILs) have recently been demonstrated to be highly effective solvents for the dissolution of cellulose and lignocellulosic biomass. To date, there is no definitive rationale for selecting ionic liquids that are capable of dissolving these biopolymers. In this work, an all-atom force field for the IL 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [C2mim][OAc] was developed and the behavior of cellulose in this IL was examined using molecular dynamics simulations of a series of (1-4) linked beta-D-glucose oligomers with a degree of polymerization n = 5, 6, 10, and 20. Molecular dynamics Simulations were also carried out on cellulose oligomers in two common solvents, water and methanol, which are known to precipitate cellulose from IL solutions, to determine the extent and energetics of the interactions between these solvents and the cellulosic oligomers. Thermodynamic properties, Such as density and Solubility, as well as the two-body solute-solvent interaction energy terms, were calculated. The structural and dynamic behavior of solutions was analyzed and the conformations of cellulose oligomers were compared in ionic liquid and water mixtures. It was found that the interaction energy between the polysaccharide chain and the IL was stronger than that for either water or methanol. In addition to the anion acetate forming strong hydrogen bonds with hydroxyl groups of the cellulose, some of the cations were found to be in close contact with the polysaccharides through hydrophobic interactions. These results Support the concept that the cation may play a significant role in the dissolution of cellulose by [C2mim][OAc]. It is also observed that the preferred beta-(1,4)-glycosidic linkage conformation of the cellulose wits altered when dissolved in [C2mim][OAc] as compared to that found in crystalline cellulose dispersed in water. To Our knowledge, this report is the first theoretical Study that addresses the key factors in cellulose dissolution using all ionic liquid. C1 [Liu, Hanbin; Sale, Kenneth L.; Holmes, Bradley M.; Simmons, Blake A.; Singh, Seema] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Deconstruct Div, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. [Liu, Hanbin; Holmes, Bradley M.; Simmons, Blake A.; Singh, Seema] Sandia Natl Labs, Biomass Sci & Convers Technol Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Sale, Kenneth L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Biosyst Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Singh, S (reprint author), Joint BioEnergy Inst, Deconstruct Div, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. EM seesing@sandia.gov OI Simmons, Blake/0000-0002-1332-1810 FU U.S. of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was part of the DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute (http://www.jbci.org) supported by the U.S. of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, through contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the U.S. Department of Energy. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC). We are grateful for Prof. Harvey Blanch's guidance, stimulating discussions and proof reading the manuscript. We thank Drs. Paul Adams, Gang Cheng and Anthe George for their assistance on this project. NR 62 TC 158 Z9 165 U1 12 U2 157 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 12 BP 4293 EP 4301 DI 10.1021/jp9117437 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 572TK UT WOS:000275855800025 PM 20218725 ER PT J AU Laskin, J Wang, P Hadjar, O AF Laskin, Julia Wang, Peng Hadjar, Omar TI Soft-Landing of Co-III(salen)(+) and Mn-III(salen)(+) on Self-Assembled Monolayer Surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID TRAP MASS-SPECTROMETER; SUPPORTED GOLD CLUSTERS; METAL-SALEN COMPLEXES; PEPTIDE IONS; POLYATOMIC IONS; COVALENT IMMOBILIZATION; DESORPTION-KINETICS; SANDWICH CLUSTERS; CHARGE REDUCTION; SPECTROSCOPY AB Soft-landing of mass-selected Co-III(salen)(+) and Mn-III(salen)(+) complexes [salon = N,N'-ethylenebis(salicylide-neaminato)] was performed using self-assembled monolayer surfaces of alkanethiol (HSAM) and fluorinated alkanethiol (FSAM) oil gold as targets. Physical processes associated with ion deposition were studied using tithe-resolved in situ secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) in a specially designed Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR MS). We demonstrate charge retention by a significant fraction of precursor ions on the FSAM and complete neutralisation on the HSAM Surface. Our results indicate efficient electron transfer froth gold to the deposited species for the HSAM surface and inefficient, if ally, electron transfer oil the FSAM Surface. Formation of abundant cluster ions observed in SIMS spectra is attributed to gas-phase reactions ill the SIMS plume. Detailed analysis allowed us to extract the kinetics of both ionic and neutral complexes trapped on the FSAM Surface. The results indicate that neutralisation on this surface most likely takes place on the defect sites. C1 [Laskin, Julia; Wang, Peng; Hadjar, Omar] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Laskin, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Julia.Laskin@pnl.gov RI Laskin, Julia/H-9974-2012 OI Laskin, Julia/0000-0002-4533-9644 FU Chemical Sciences Division; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); U.S. DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) FX This work was supported by the grant from the Chemical Sciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The work was performed at the W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by the U.S. DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by Battelle for the U.S. DOE. NR 61 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 12 BP 5305 EP 5311 DI 10.1021/jp904384q PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 572TI UT WOS:000275855600005 ER PT J AU Cannon, WR Rawlins, MM AF Cannon, William R. Rawlins, Mitchell M. TI Physicochemical/Thermodynamic Framework for the Interpretation of Peptide Tandem Mass Spectra SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROMETRY DATA; PREDICTION; PROTEOMICS; LIBRARIES; MODEL AB The interpretation of tandem mass spectra of peptides from collision-induced dissociation is discussed from the perspective of a multinomial data analysis problem and from the perspective of statistical mechanics. Both approaches use the same statistical likelihood function, but the free energy differs from the statistical likelihood by a term that additionally accounts for the sire of the system. In addition, it is shown that the statistical likelihood is equivalent to the information theory entropy when scaled appropriately. The likelihood function provides et physically and chemically principled wily to incorporate intensity information into the interpretation of tandem mass spectra. As a result, we demonstrate that incorporating the intensity information in this manner leads to an increased identification rate for database searches find allows for the simultaneous use of spectral libraries with standard database searching. The use of spectral libraries further increases the identification rate relative to database searching by 25-32%. Furthermore, the convergence of statistical and physical perspectives enables the future use of predictive modeling and simulation to inform the peptide identification process. C1 [Cannon, William R.; Rawlins, Mitchell M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biol & Bioinformat Grp, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cannon, WR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biol & Bioinformat Grp, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM william.cannon@pnl.gov RI Cannon, William/K-8411-2014 OI Cannon, William/0000-0003-3789-7889 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research [47901, 54976]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research [54976]; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX This work was supported through the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research tinder Contracts No. 47901 and 54976 and the Office of Biological and Environmental Research tinder Contract No. 54976. We thank researchers in the laboratory of Richard Smith at PNNL who generated the data sets herein, its well as Dr. Smith, for providing the data. A portion of the research was performed at the Environmental Molecular Scienecs Laboratory, it national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Battelle for the U.S. DOE tinder Contract No. DE-AC06-76L01830. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 12 BP 5360 EP 5366 DI 10.1021/jp905049d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 572TI UT WOS:000275855600012 ER PT J AU Zhou, C Jones, JC Trionfi, A Hsu, JWP Walker, AV AF Zhou, Chuanzhen Jones, Jason C. Trionfi, Aaron Hsu, Julia W. P. Walker, Amy V. TI Electron Beam-Induced Damage of Alkanethiolate Self-Assembled Monolayers Adsorbed on GaAs (001): A Static SIMS Investigation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SURFACE COVERAGE MEASUREMENTS; BARE SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACES; NEAR-FIELD PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY; DIP-PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY; CHAIN-LENGTH; UV PHOTOOXIDATION; HOMOLOGOUS SERIES; RADIATION-DAMAGE; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN AB We have investigated the reaction pathways involved in the electron-beam-induced damage of -CH(3), -OH, and -COOH terminated alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) adsorbed on GaAs (001) using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Upon electron beam exposure, the monolayers dehydrogenate, leading to the formation of C=C bonds, cross-links, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We also observe C-S bond scission. The data suggest that the electron beats damage is not uniform along the alkanethiol backbone. Upon electron beats exposure, we observe the loss of CO(2) and H(2)O From the -COOH and -OH terminated SAMs, respectively, indicating that the terminal groups decompose. Although the SAM degradation mechanism is similar to that previously reported for alkanethiolate SAMs adsorbed oil metals, there are some important differences. First, the electron close required to form C=C bonds and PAHs is much smaller than for SAMs adsorbed on metals. Second, although we observe C-S bond scission, we do not observe As-S or Ga-S bond scission and there is no desorption of S, or S-containing, fragments from the surface. We discuss the implications of these studies on the optimization of the experimental conditions for electron bears lithography using SAM resists on semiconductors. C1 [Zhou, Chuanzhen; Walker, Amy V.] Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Zhou, Chuanzhen; Walker, Amy V.] Washington Univ, Ctr Mat Innovat, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Jones, Jason C.; Trionfi, Aaron; Hsu, Julia W. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Walker, AV (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 800 W Campbell Rd,RL 10, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. EM amy.walker@utdallas.edu RI zhou, chuanzhen/E-8773-2010; Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 FU National Science Foundation FX A.V.W. acknowledges the financial support of a National Science Foundation Grant. A.V.W. would also like to thank Kevin Moeller and Mike Gross for many useful discussions. This work was performed in part at the U.S. Department of Energy, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, at Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy tinder Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 67 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 12 BP 5400 EP 5409 DI 10.1021/jp905612p PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 572TI UT WOS:000275855600016 ER PT J AU Morrow, CP Kubicki, JD Mueller, KT Cole, DR AF Morrow, Christin P. Kubicki, James D. Mueller, Karl T. Cole, David R. TI Description of Mg2+ Release from Forsterite Using Ab Initio Methods SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID DISSOLUTION RATES; OLIVINE DISSOLUTION; QUARTZ DISSOLUTION; KINETICS; COORDINATION; MINERALS; DENSITY; MECHANISMS; SURFACE; PH AB Molecular clusters representative of protonated, neutral, and deprotonated sites on a forsterite (Mg2SiO4) surface were employed to facilitate examination of Mg-O-hr bond-breaking via density functional theory (DFT) calculations with the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) methodology. Hydrolysis reactions of the molecular clusters with a H2O molecule yielded barrier heights of 21, 54, and 39 kJ/mol for protonated, neutral,;and deprotonated sites in the as-phase, respectively, and the rate constants calculated using these barrier heights were 5.7 x 10(8), 2.7 x 10(4), and 2.2 x 10(6) s(-1), respectively. Aqueous-phase calculations on the gas-phase Structures were also performed, and the barrier heights were 33, 40, and 21 kJ/mol for the protonated, neutral, and deprotonated models. Rate constants were 4.3 x 10(6), 6.1 x 10(5), and 6.0 x 10(8) s(-1). For models energy-minimized in the aqueous-phase, the barrier heights were 37, 44, and 40 kJ/mol, and the rate constants were 1.7 x 10(6), 3.0 x 10(4), and 9.9 x 10(5) s(-1), respectively. These differences highlight the importance of modeling Structures with inclusion of solvent effects. Rates of Mg2+ release from the forsterite surface were predicted using these rate constants and models of the reactive site density and the H+ or OH- surface speciation. These calculations are consistent with a more rapid rate of Mg2+ release under acidic conditions even though the activation energy barriers are equivalent within computational uncertainty. A comparison of these results to previous data shows that the predicted rates are much faster than experimentally measured Mg2+ release rates, suggesting that breaking the Mg-O-hr bond is a rapid process which is a component of Mg2+ release from the Surface consistent with previous experimental observation of preferential Mg2+ leaching from forsterite. A dissolution mechanism involving polymerization and hydrolysis of Si-O-br-Si linkages is discussed that is consistent with the discrepancy between Mg2+ release rates and dissolution rates of forsterite. C1 [Kubicki, James D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kubicki, James D.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Morrow, Christin P.; Mueller, Karl T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Cole, David R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kubicki, JD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM kubicki@geose.psu.edu RI Mueller, Karl/A-3637-2010; Kubicki, James/I-1843-2012 OI Kubicki, James/0000-0002-9277-9044 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0431328, CHE-0535656]; U.S. Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research (BER); U.S. Department of Energy [FWP ERKCC72, DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The authors thank Michael C. Davis and Rebecca L. Sanders of PSU for meaningful discussions. The calculations in this work were performed using the Linux cluster maintained by the Research Computing and Cyberinfrastructure (RCC) group (http://gcars.aset.psu.edu/) at The Pennsylvania State University. This material is based upon work Supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CHE-0431328 (the Center for Environmental Kinetics Analysis, an NSF-DOE environmental molecular sciences institute) and the U.S. Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research (BER), and the ChemxSeer project is sponsored by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CHE-0535656. DRC is supported from the U.S. Department of Energy through 'Structure and Dynamics of Earth Materials, Interfaces, and Reactions' (FWP ERKCC72) under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 to Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 12 BP 5417 EP 5428 DI 10.1021/jp9057719 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 572TI UT WOS:000275855600018 ER PT J AU Zubarev, DY Robertson, N Domin, D McClean, J Wang, JH Lester, WA Whitesides, R You, XQ Frenklach, M AF Zubarev, Dmitry Yu. Robertson, Neil Domin, Dominik McClean, Jarrod Wang, Jinhua Lester, William A., Jr. Whitesides, Russell You, Xiaoqing Frenklach, Michael TI Local Electronic Structure and Stability of Pentacene Oxyradicals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; INDUCED MAGNETIC-FIELD; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; CORRELATION-ENERGY; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; AROMATICITY; DENSITY; OXIDATION; SURFACE AB A series of pentacene oxyradicals is studied as a model of an oxidized graphene edge. The relative stability of the oxyradical species formed is rationalized on the basis of the concept of local aromaticity. It is found that qualitative and quantitative measures of delocalized bonding show consistently that formation of the pi-aromatic fragments associated with different reference pi-aromatic systems explain trends in Gibbs free energies and relative energies. As a result, a chemically intuitive model based on aromaticity can explain the relative stability of the oxyradicals in a way that uniquely appeals to chemists' knowledge of structure and reactivity. C1 [Zubarev, Dmitry Yu.; Domin, Dominik; McClean, Jarrod; Wang, Jinhua; Lester, William A., Jr.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Kenneth S Pitzer Ctr Theoret Chem, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Domin, Dominik; Lester, William A., Jr.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Whitesides, Russell; Frenklach, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Robertson, Neil; Whitesides, Russell; You, Xiaoqing; Frenklach, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, Jinhua] Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Superhard Mat, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China. RP Lester, WA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Kenneth S Pitzer Ctr Theoret Chem, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM walester@lbl.gov RI You, Xiaoqing/B-1240-2015 FU Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Science, Geosciences and Biosciences Division of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76F00098]; US Army Corps of Engineers, Humphreys Engineering Center Support Activity [W912HQ-07-C-0044]; National Science Foundation [NSF CHE-0809969]; China Scholarship Council FX R.W., D.D., W.A.L., and M.F. were supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Science, Geosciences and Biosciences Division of the US Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC03-76F00098. N.R., X.Y., and M.F. were Supported by the US Army Corps of Engineers, Humphreys Engineering Center Support Activity, Under Contract No. W912HQ-07-C-0044. D.Y.Z. was Supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF CHE-0809969. J.W. is a UC Berkeley visitor Supported by a stipend from the China Scholarship Council. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 12 BP 5429 EP 5437 DI 10.1021/jp9058615 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 572TI UT WOS:000275855600019 ER PT J AU Jiang, H Jordan, KD AF Jiang, H. Jordan, K. D. TI Comparison of the Properties of Xenon, Methane, and Carbon Dioxide Hydrates from Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics Simulations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CO2 CLATHRATE HYDRATE; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; STRUCTURE-I; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; AB-INITIO; LATTICE; DISTORTION; WATER AB Molecular dynamics simulations are used to characterize the hydrates of Xe, methane, and CO(2), allowing for a systematic comparison of the structural and dynamical properties for these three hydrates. Although the host-guest interaction energy for the T = 0 K structures is most attractive in the case of Xe, other structural and dynamical properties from the simulations indicate that, in fact, host-guest coupling is most important for the CO(2) hydrate. Specifically, the host lattice of CO(2) hydrate expands more with increasing temperature than do the lattices of the xenon anti methane hydrates, and the translational and rotational dynamics of the water molecules are predicted to be most perturbed in the CO(2) hydrate. The simulations predict that the CO(2) and xenon hydrates have lower speed of sound values and lower themal conductivities than methane hydrate or the empty lattice. C1 [Jordan, K. D.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Jordan, KD (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA USA. EM jordan@pitt.edu RI JIANG, HAO/C-3672-2008 OI JIANG, HAO/0000-0002-4363-0112 FU National Energy Technology Laboratory [DE-AC26-04NT41817, 41817.606.08.102] FX This technical effort is part of the National Energy Technology Laboratory's ongoing research in gas hydrates under Contract No. DE-AC26-04NT41817, subtask 41817.606.08.102. The calculations were carried out on computers in the University of Pittsburgh's Center for molecular and Materials Simulations. NR 70 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 12 BP 5555 EP 5564 DI 10.1021/jp9063406 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 572TI UT WOS:000275855600033 ER PT J AU Tamam, L Pontoni, D Hofmann, T Ocko, BM Reichert, H Deutsch, M AF Tamam, Lilach Pontoni, Diego Hofmann, Tommy Ocko, Benjamin M. Reichert, Harald Deutsch, Moshe TI Atomic-Scale Structure of a Liquid Metal-Insulator Interface SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; VAPOR INTERFACES; SURFACE-TENSION; MERCURY; ALLOYS; ADSORPTION; PROFILE; FILMS; AL; CU AB The structure of the liquid Hg/sapphire interface was measured with angstrom-scale resolution by high-energy X-ray reflectivity. The atomic Hg layering found at the interface is less pronounced than at the Hg/vapor interface, showing a twice-shorter decay length with depth, and a weaker peak/valley density contrast. We also find a near-interface, 8 +/- 3 angstrom thick layer, the density of which, although depth-varying, is enhanced, on average, by 10 +/- 5% relative to the bulk. The enhancement is assigned to a 0.13 +/- 0.05 e/atom charge transfer from the Hg to the substrate, somewhat less than theory. The unexplained anomalous temperature dependence previously reported for the mercury/vapor density profile is absent here, implying a nonstructural origin for the anomaly. C1 [Tamam, Lilach; Deutsch, Moshe] Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Tamam, Lilach; Deutsch, Moshe] Bar Ilan Univ, Inst Nanotechnol & Adv Mat, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Pontoni, Diego; Reichert, Harald] ESRF, Grenoble, France. [Hofmann, Tommy; Ocko, Benjamin M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, New York, NY 11973 USA. [Reichert, Harald] Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Deutsch, M (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. EM deutsch@mail.biu.ac.il FU US-Israel Binational Science Foundation, Jerusalem; DOE [DE-AC02-76CH0016] FX This work was supported by the US-Israel Binational Science Foundation, Jerusalem (M.D.). Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is supported by DOE Contract DE-AC02-76CH0016. We thank ESRF for beamtime at ID15A. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 1 IS 7 BP 1041 EP 1045 DI 10.1021/jz1000209 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 588BN UT WOS:000277041300005 ER PT J AU Amirav, L Alivisatos, AP AF Amirav, Lilac Alivisatos, A. Paul TI Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production with Tunable Nanorod Heterostructures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE GROWTH; SEEDED GROWTH; METAL TIPS; SEMICONDUCTOR; NANOCRYSTALS; SUSPENSIONS; EVOLUTION; WATER AB We report the design of a multicomponent nanoheterostructure aimed at photocatalytic production of hydrogen. The system is composed of a platinum-tipped cadmium sulfide rod with an embedded cadmium selenide seed. In such structures, holes are three-dimensionally confined to. the cadmium selenide, whereas the delocalized electrons are transferred to the metal tip. Consequently, the electrons are now separated from the holes over three different components and by a tunable physical length. The seeded rod metal tip samples studied here facilitate efficient long-lasting charge carrier separation and minimize back reaction of intermediates. By tuning the nanorod heterostructure length and the seed size, we were able to significantly increase the activity for hydrogen production compared to that of unseeded rods. This structure was found to be highly active for hydrogen production, with an apparent quantum yield of 20% at 450 nm, and was active under orange light illumination and demonstrated improved stability compared to CdS rods without a CdSe seed. C1 [Alivisatos, A. Paul] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alivisatos, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alivis@berkeley.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Center for Electron Microscopy at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Weizmann Institute of Science FX This work was funded by the Helios Solar Energy Research Center, which is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors acknowledge support of the National Center for Electron Microscopy at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for the use of their microscope facilities. L.A. thanks the Weizmann Institute of Science Postdoctoral Award Program for Advancing Women in Science for partial financial support. NR 16 TC 308 Z9 309 U1 16 U2 237 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 1 IS 7 BP 1051 EP 1054 DI 10.1021/jz100075c PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 588BN UT WOS:000277041300007 ER PT J AU Stengle, G McEnerney, J Robson, R AF Stengle, Gilbert McEnerney, James Robson, Robert TI Convex polarities over ordered fields SO JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED ALGEBRA LA English DT Article AB We use tools and methods from real algebraic geometry (spaces of ultrafilters, elimination of quantifiers) to formulate a theory of convexity in K(N) over an arbitrary ordered field. By defining certain ideal points (which can be viewed as generalizations of recession cones) we obtain a generalized notion of polar set. These satisfy a form of polar duality that applies to general convex sets and does not reduce to classical duality if K is the field of real numbers. As an application we give a partial classification of total orderings of Artinian local rings and two applications to ordinary convex geometry over the real numbers. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McEnerney, James] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Robson, Robert] Oregon State Univ, Dept Math, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Stengle, Gilbert] Lehigh Univ, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Stengle, Gilbert] Univ Complutense Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP McEnerney, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM gas0@lehigh.edu; mcenerney1@llnl.gov; robby@ORST.EDU FU Spanish Ministry of Education [DGES SAB 1995-0592] FX The third author was partially supported by Spanish Ministry of Education DGES SAB 1995-0592. We thank Murray Schechter and Charles Delzell for discussions and valuable criticism. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-4049 J9 J PURE APPL ALGEBRA JI J. Pure Appl. Algebr. PD APR PY 2010 VL 214 IS 4 BP 370 EP 379 DI 10.1016/j.jpaa.2009.06.006 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 539IX UT WOS:000273248700006 ER PT J AU Monroe, EM Pan, R Anderson-Cook, CM Montgomery, DC Borror, CM AF Monroe, Eric M. Pan, Rong Anderson-Cook, Christine M. Montgomery, Douglas C. Borror, Connie M. TI Sensitivity Analysis of Optimal Designs for Accelerated Life Testing SO JOURNAL OF QUALITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Design of Experiments; Reliability Testing; Robustness; UC-Optimality; Use Condition AB In experimental testing, it is desirable to select combinations of input factors that yield optimal results given an objective specified by a practitioner. Often this objective involves minimizing the uncertainty in a parameter or prediction estimate. To determine the experimental design to achieve such an objective, it is necessary to understand the relationship between the testing variables and the response. Alphabetic optimal designs are commonly used in such applications based largely on the ease of their construction with advanced statistical software. However, many publications cite concerns with the overall robustness of such designs to small departures in parameter estimates. This paper examines the issue of model parameter sensitivity to the selection of an accelerated life test based on the UC-optimality criterion, minimizing of the prediction variance at the usage condition, using a generalized linear model framework. We will examine the trade-off implications of choice of experimental design, sample size, and censoring. C1 [Monroe, Eric M.] Intel Corp, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. [Pan, Rong; Montgomery, Douglas C.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Anderson-Cook, Christine M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Borror, Connie M.] Arizona State Univ, Glendale, AZ 85306 USA. RP Monroe, EM (reprint author), Intel Corp, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. EM eric.m.monroe@intel.com; rong.pan@asu.edu; c-and-cook@lanl.gov; doug.montgomery@asu.edu; conni@asu.edu FU NSF [CMMI-0654417, CMMI-0928746] FX The authors would like to thank the editor and the two anonymous referees for their helpful comments and suggestions that have strengthened this paper. We acknowledge the support of NSF grants CMMI-0654417 and CMMI-0928746. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA 600 N PLANKINTON AVE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53203 USA SN 0022-4065 J9 J QUAL TECHNOL JI J. Qual. Technol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 42 IS 2 BP 121 EP 135 PG 15 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 576DY UT WOS:000276125700002 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, G. L. TI Equilibrium-constant expressions for aqueous plutonium SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Plutonium; Disproportionation; Equilibrium constants; Hydrolysis AB Equilibrium-constant expressions for Pu disproportionation reactions traditionally contain three or four terms representing the concentrations or fractions of the oxidation states. The expressions can be rewritten so that one of the oxidation states is replaced by a term containing the oxidation number of the plutonium. Experimental estimations of the numerical values of the constants can then be checked in several ways. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E502, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gsilver@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD APR PY 2010 VL 284 IS 1 BP 175 EP 177 DI 10.1007/s10967-010-0458-z PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 571JV UT WOS:000275749000026 ER PT J AU Lin, G Tartakovsky, AM AF Lin, G. Tartakovsky, A. M. TI Numerical Studies of Three-dimensional Stochastic Darcy's Equation and Stochastic Advection-Diffusion-Dispersion Equation SO JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Probabilistic collocation method; Sparse grids; Porous media; Polynomial chaos ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; KARHUNEN-LOEVE EXPANSION; MONOMIAL CUBATURE RULES; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; ORTHOGONAL POLYNOMIALS; SOBOLEV SPACES; SPARSE GRIDS; COMPILATION; EFFICIENT AB Solute transport in randomly heterogeneous porous media is commonly described by stochastic flow and advection-dispersion equations with a random hydraulic conductivity field. The statistical distribution of conductivity of engineered and naturally occurring porous material can vary, depending on its origin. We describe solutions of a three-dimensional stochastic advection-dispersion equation using a probabilistic collocation method (PCM) on sparse grids for several distributions of hydraulic conductivity. Three random distributions of log hydraulic conductivity are considered: uniform, Gaussian, and truncated Gaussian (beta). Log hydraulic conductivity is represented by a Karhunen-LoSve (K-L) decomposition as a second-order random process with an exponential covariance function. The convergence of PCM has been demonstrated. It appears that the accuracy in both the mean and the standard deviation of PCM solutions can be improved by using the Jacobi-chaos representing the truncated Gaussian distribution rather than the Hermite-chaos for the Gaussian distribution. The effect of type of distribution and parameters such as the variance and correlation length of log hydraulic conductivity and dispersion coefficient on leading moments of the advection velocity and solute concentration was investigated. C1 [Lin, G.; Tartakovsky, A. M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lin, G (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,Box 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM guang.lin@pnl.gov RI Lin, Guang/D-1376-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work was supported by the Advanced Scientific Computing Research Program of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. Computations were performed using the computational resources of the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0885-7474 EI 1573-7691 J9 J SCI COMPUT JI J. Sci. Comput. PD APR PY 2010 VL 43 IS 1 BP 92 EP 117 DI 10.1007/s10915-010-9346-5 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 561EZ UT WOS:000274960000005 ER PT J AU Tang, M Holliday, KS Jiang, C Valdez, JA Uberuaga, BP Dickerson, PO Dickerson, RM Wang, Y Czerwinski, KR Sickafus, KE AF Tang, M. Holliday, K. S. Jiang, C. Valdez, J. A. Uberuaga, B. P. Dickerson, P. O. Dickerson, R. M. Wang, Y. Czerwinski, K. R. Sickafus, K. E. TI Order-to-disorder phase transformation in ion irradiated uranium-bearing delta-phase oxides RE6U1O12 (RE=Y, Gd, Ho, Yb, and Lu) SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Uranate; Irradiation damage effects; Phase transformation; TEM; XRD AB Polycrystalline uranium-bearing compounds Y6U1O12, Gd6U1O12, Ho6U1O12, Yb6U1O12, and Lu6U1O12 samples were irradiated with various ions species (300 keV Kr++, 400 keV Ne++, and 100 keV He+) at cryogenic temperature (similar to 100 K), and the microstructures were examined following irradiation using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The pristine samples are characterized by an ordered, fluorite derivative structure, known as the delta phase. This structure possesses rhombohedral symmetry. Amorphization was not observed in any of the irradiated samples, even at the highest dose similar to 65 dpa (displacement per atom). On the other hand, some of these compounds experienced an order-to-disorder (O-D) phase transformation, from an ordered rhombohedral to a disordered fluorite structure, at ion doses between 2.5 and 65 dpa, depending on ion irradiation species. Factors influencing the irradiation-induced O-D transformation tendencies of these compounds are discussed in terms of density functional theory calculations of the O-D transformation energies. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Tang, M.; Jiang, C.; Valdez, J. A.; Uberuaga, B. P.; Dickerson, P. O.; Dickerson, R. M.; Wang, Y.; Sickafus, K. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Holliday, K. S.; Czerwinski, K. R.] Univ Nevada, Radiochem Grp, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Tang, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mail Stop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mtang@lanl.gov RI Jiang, Chao/A-2546-2011; Dickerson, Robert/C-9237-2013 FU Seaborg Institute for Transactinium Science, Los Alamos National Laboratory; US Department of Energy. Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering FX This work was sponsored by the Seaborg Institute for Transactinium Science, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the US Department of Energy. Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD APR PY 2010 VL 183 IS 4 BP 844 EP 848 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2010.01.020 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 583EA UT WOS:000276654700012 ER PT J AU Liu, P Yin, GP Shao, YY AF Liu, Peng Yin, Ge-Ping Shao, Yu-Yan TI High electrochemical activity of Pt/C cathode modified with NH4HCO3 for direct methanol fuel cell SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Baltic Conference on Electrochemistry CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2008 CL Tartu, ESTONIA DE Direct methanol fuel cell; Catalyst-coated membrane; Electrochemical surface area; Pore-forming agent ID CATALYST LAYER; MEA FABRICATION; PERFORMANCE; ELECTRODE; DMFC; OXIDATION; ANODE; ELECTROOXIDATION; NANOPARTICLES; DEPOSITION AB The electrochemical activity of Pt/C cathode for direct methanol fuel cell was improved by introducing NH4HCO3 to the catalyst layer as the pore-forming agent during preparation process of catalyst-coated membrane. SEM analysis revealed that NH4HCO3 contributed to the formation of additional porosity and the dispersion of the catalyst particles. The modified catalyst layer promoted the electrochemical and mass transport processes. It was suggested that the optimal weight ratio of the catalyst to NH4HCO3 was 2:3. As a result, the single cell exhibited a 21% increment in the peak power density at 50 A degrees C, with a highest electrochemical surface area of 446 cm(2) mg (Pt) (-1) . However, an extremely high content of NH4HCO3 yielded discontinuous pathways for the electron transfer in the catalyst layer. C1 [Liu, Peng; Yin, Ge-Ping] Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Chem Engn & Technol, Harbin 150006, Peoples R China. [Shao, Yu-Yan] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yin, GP (reprint author), Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Chem Engn & Technol, Harbin 150006, Peoples R China. EM yingphit@hit.edu.cn RI Shao, Yuyan/A-9911-2008 OI Shao, Yuyan/0000-0001-5735-2670 FU Natural Science Foundation of China [50872027]; Coslight International Group FX The authors are grateful to the financial supports from Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50872027) and Coslight International Group. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-8488 EI 1433-0768 J9 J SOLID STATE ELECTR JI J. Solid State Electrochem. PD APR PY 2010 VL 14 IS 4 BP 633 EP 636 DI 10.1007/s10008-009-0826-1 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 545RI UT WOS:000273753700017 ER PT J AU Ba, X Rafailovich, M Meng, YZ Pernodet, N Wirick, S Furedi-Milhofer, H Qin, YX DiMasi, E AF Ba, Xiaolan Rafailovich, Miriam Meng, Yizhi Pernodet, Nadine Wirick, Sue Fueredi-Milhofer, Helga Qin, Yi-Xian DiMasi, Elaine TI Complementary effects of multi-protein components on biomineralization in vitro SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Extracellular matrix; Fibronectin; Elastin; Biomineralization; Hydroxyapatite ID EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE; CALCIFICATION; FIBRONECTIN; BONE; FIBRILLOGENESIS; MICROSCOPY; CARTILAGE; COLLAGEN; GROWTH AB The extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of mixed protein fibers whose precise composition affects biomineralization. New methods are needed to probe the interactions of these proteins with calcium phosphate mineral and with each other. Here we follow calcium phosphate mineralization on protein fibers self-assembled in vitro from solutions of fibronectin, elastin and their mixture. We probe the surface morphology and mechanical properties of the protein fibers during the early stages. The development of mineral crystals on the protein matrices is also investigated. In physiological mineralization solution, the elastic modulus of the fibers in the fibronectin-elastin mixture increases to a greater extent than that of the fibers from either pure protein. In the presence of fibronectin, longer exposure in the mineral solution leads to the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate particles templated along the self-assembled fibers, while elastin fibers only collect calcium without any mineral observed during early stage. TEM images confirm that small needle-shape crystals are confined inside elastin fibers which suppress the release of mineral outside the fibers during late stage, while hydroxyapatite crystals form when fibronectin is present. These results demonstrate complementary actions of the two ECM proteins fibronectin and elastin to collect cations and template mineral, respectively. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ba, Xiaolan; Rafailovich, Miriam; Meng, Yizhi; Pernodet, Nadine] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Wirick, Sue] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Fueredi-Milhofer, Helga] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Chem, Jerusalem, Israel. [Qin, Yi-Xian] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [DiMasi, Elaine] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rafailovich, M (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM mrafailovich@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Meng, Yizhi/B-1233-2008 FU NSF-MRSEC Program [DMR0606387]; Brookhaven National Laboratory-Stony Brook University Seed Grand Program; NIH [R01 AR52379, R01 AR49286]; USDOE [DE-ACO2-98CH10886] FX This work is supported by NSF-MRSEC Program (DMR0606387), the Brookhaven National Laboratory-Stony Brook University Seed Grand Program and NIH program (R01 AR52379 and R01 AR49286). Research carried out in part at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials and National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported under USDOE Contract DE-ACO2-98CH10886. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 170 IS 1 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2009.12.018 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 578XH UT WOS:000276329600010 PM 20035875 ER PT J AU Shatsky, M Hall, RJ Nogales, E Malik, J Brenner, SE AF Shatsky, Maxim Hall, Richard J. Nogales, Eva Malik, Jitendra Brenner, Steven E. TI Automated multi-model reconstruction from single-particle electron microscopy data SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heterogeneous reconstruction; Heterogeneous data; Multi-model reconstruction ID RNA-POLYMERASE-II; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; IMAGE SEGMENTATION; ELONGATION COMPLEX; STRUCTURAL BASIS; CLASSIFICATION; RESOLUTION; MACROMOLECULES; FLEXIBILITY; CRYOMICROSCOPY AB Biological macromolecules can adopt multiple conformational and compositional states due to structural flexibility and alternative subunit assemblies. This structural heterogeneity poses a major challenge in the study of macromolecular structure using single-particle electron microscopy. We propose a fully automated, unsupervised method for the three-dimensional reconstruction of multiple structural models from heterogeneous data. As a starting reference, our method employs an initial structure that does not account for any heterogeneity. Then, a multi-stage clustering is used to create multiple models representative of the heterogeneity within the sample. The multi-stage clustering combines an existing approach based on Multivariate Statistical Analysis to perform clustering within individual Euler angles, and a newly developed approach to sort out class averages from individual Euler angles into homogeneous groups. Structural models are computed from individual clusters. The whole data classification is further refined using an iterative multi-model projection-matching approach. We tested our method on one synthetic and three distinct experimental datasets. The tests include the cases where a macromolecular complex exhibits structural flexibility and cases where a molecule is found in ligand-bound and unbound states. We propose the use of our approach as an efficient way to reconstruct distinct multiple models from heterogeneous data. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Shatsky, Maxim; Brenner, Steven E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shatsky, Maxim; Brenner, Steven E.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shatsky, Maxim; Hall, Richard J.; Nogales, Eva; Brenner, Steven E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Inst QB3, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nogales, Eva] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nogales, Eva] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Malik, Jitendra] Univ Calif Berkeley, Elect Engn & Comp Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shatsky, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, 461 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM maxshats@compbio.berkeley.edu RI Brenner, Steven/A-8729-2008 OI Brenner, Steven/0000-0001-7559-6185 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Institutes of Health NIGMS [R01 GM63072]; Human Frontiers Science Program [RPG0039] FX We thank Andres Leschziner for providing the Klenow fragment models, Patricia Grob for providing the hRNAPII data, Bunpote Sidirechadilok for the eIF3-IRES data, Joachim Frank for providing the ribosome data, Elena Orlova for providing results of the Double MSA method, and Sjors Scheres for providing results of the ML3D program. This work was supported in part by US Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 awarded to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (SEB, MS), by Grant R01 GM63072 from the National Institutes of Health NIGMS (EN), and Grant RPG0039 from the Human Frontiers Science Program (EN). NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 170 IS 1 BP 98 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2010.01.007 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 578XH UT WOS:000276329600012 PM 20085819 ER PT J AU Moussavi, F Heitz, G Amat, F Comolli, LR Koller, D Horowitz, M AF Moussavi, Farshid Heitz, Geremy Amat, Fernando Comolli, Luis R. Koller, Daphne Horowitz, Mark TI 3D segmentation of cell boundaries from whole cell cryogenic electron tomography volumes SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Electron tomography; Biomedical image processing; Segmentation; Object detection; Computer vision; Probabilistic inference ID IMAGE SEGMENTATION; MOLECULAR-ORGANIZATION; EFFICIENT ALGORITHM; OBJECT DETECTION; MICROSCOPY; SHAPE; RECONSTRUCTION; TRANSFORM; FIELDS AB Cryogenic electron tomography (cryo-ET) has gained increasing interest in recent years due to its ability to image whole cells and subcellular structures in 3D at nanometer resolution in their native environment. However, due to dose restrictions and the inability to acquire high tilt angle images, the reconstructed volumes are noisy and have missing information. Thus, features are unreliable, and precision extraction of the cell boundary is difficult, manual and time intensive. This paper presents an efficient recursive algorithm called BLASTED (Boundary Localization using Adaptive Shape and Texture Discovery) to automatically extract the cell boundary using a conditional random field (CRF) framework in which boundary points and shape are jointly inferred. The algorithm learns the texture of the boundary region progressively, and uses a global shape model and shape-dependent features to propose candidate boundary points on a slice of the membrane. It then updates the shape of that slice by accepting the appropriate candidate points using local spatial clustering, the global shape model, and trained boosted texture classifiers. The BLASTED algorithm segmented the cell membrane over an average of 93% of the length of the cell in 19 difficult cryo-ET datasets. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Koller, Daphne; Horowitz, Mark] Stanford Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Moussavi, Farshid; Heitz, Geremy; Amat, Fernando; Horowitz, Mark] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Comolli, Luis R.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Koller, D (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM koller@cs.stanford.edu; horowitz@stanford.edu NR 54 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 170 IS 1 BP 134 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2009.12.015 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 578XH UT WOS:000276329600016 PM 20035877 ER PT J AU Bussmann-Holder, A Keller, H de Leon, JM Simon, A Bishop, AR Muller, KA AF Bussmann-Holder, A. Keller, H. Mustre de Leon, J. Simon, A. Bishop, A. R. Mueller, K. A. TI Testing Polaron Coherence and the Pairing Symmetry in Cuprate Superconductors by Local Probe Methods SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM LA English DT Letter DE Superconductivity; Lattice effects; Polarons ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; T-C; AXIAL OXYGEN; LATTICE FLUCTUATIONS; YBA2CU3O7; ORIGIN; INHOMOGENEITIES; PLANE; STATE; PHASE AB A variety of local structural probes have demonstrated that local lattice distortions take place in cuprates, which correlate with the onset of the pseudogap phase (PG) and superconductivity (SC). We show here that these lattice responses can be a consequence of polaron formation, local coherence in the pseudogap phase, and global coherence in the superconducting phase. In addition, we demonstrate that the results are consistent with a complex s+d wave order parameter in the SC phase. C1 [Bussmann-Holder, A.; Simon, A.] Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Keller, H.; Mueller, K. A.] Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Mustre de Leon, J.] CINVESTAV, Dept Fis, Merida 97310, Yucatan, Mexico. [Bishop, A. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bussmann-Holder, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM a.bussmann-holder@fkf.mpg.de NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1939 J9 J SUPERCOND NOV MAGN JI J. Supercond. Nov. Magn PD APR PY 2010 VL 23 IS 3 BP 295 EP 299 DI 10.1007/s10948-010-0751-7 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 561BM UT WOS:000274950100001 ER PT J AU Clayhold, JA Pelleg, O Ingram, DC Bollinger, AT Logvenov, G Rench, DW Kerns, BM Schroer, MD Sundling, RJ Bozovic, I AF Clayhold, J. A. Pelleg, O. Ingram, D. C. Bollinger, A. T. Logvenov, G. Rench, D. W. Kerns, B. M. Schroer, M. D. Sundling, R. J. Bozovic, I. TI Constraints on Models of Electrical Transport in Optimally Doped La2-x Sr (x) CuO4 from Measurements of Radiation-Induced Defect Resistance SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM LA English DT Article DE Electrical transport; Resistivity; Cuprate superconductor; High temperature superconductor; LSCO; Normal state; Ion damage ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; SCATTERING AB Precise measurements of the temperature dependence of additional resistivity caused by defect scattering were used to constrain models of carrier transport in La1.84Sr0.16CuO4. Where previous magnetotransport studies have delineated two distinct scattering processes, proportional to T and T (2), respectively, the new defect scattering results suggest strongly that the two processes act as parallel conductance channels. C1 [Clayhold, J. A.; Rench, D. W.; Kerns, B. M.; Schroer, M. D.] Miami Univ, Dept Phys, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Pelleg, O.; Bollinger, A. T.; Logvenov, G.; Bozovic, I.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Ingram, D. C.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Sundling, R. J.] ZenSoft Inc, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Clayhold, JA (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Phys, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM clayhoja@muohio.edu RI Schroer, Michael/D-5978-2012; OI Schroer, Michael/0000-0003-1583-3200; Sundling, Robert/0000-0002-1380-5321 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1939 J9 J SUPERCOND NOV MAGN JI J. Supercond. Nov. Magn PD APR PY 2010 VL 23 IS 3 BP 339 EP 342 DI 10.1007/s10948-009-0580-8 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 561BM UT WOS:000274950100009 ER PT J AU Bussmann-Holder, A Simon, A Keller, H Bishop, AR AF Bussmann-Holder, A. Simon, A. Keller, H. Bishop, A. R. TI Superconductivity in Fe and As Based Compounds: A Bridge Between MgB2 and Cuprates SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM LA English DT Article DE Multiband superconductivity; FeAs based compounds ID SMFEASO0.8F0.2 AB By interpreting various experimental data for the new high temperature FeAs type superconductors in terms of lattice mediated multigap superconductivity, it is shown that these systems strongly resemble MgB2, however, with the distinction that local polaronic lattice effects exist. This fact establishes a connection to cuprate high temperature superconductors where polaron formation is essential for the pseudogap phase and the unconventional isotope effects observed there. However, similarly to MgB2 and in contrast to cuprates, the two superconducting gaps in the Fe-As based materials are isotropic s-wave gaps. C1 [Bussmann-Holder, A.; Simon, A.] Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Keller, H.] Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bishop, A. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bussmann-Holder, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM a.bussmann-holder@fkf.mpg.de NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1939 J9 J SUPERCOND NOV MAGN JI J. Supercond. Nov. Magn PD APR PY 2010 VL 23 IS 3 BP 365 EP 369 DI 10.1007/s10948-009-0586-2 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 561BM UT WOS:000274950100013 ER PT J AU Stojanovic, D Orlovic, A Glisic, SB Markovic, S Radmilovic, V Uskokovic, PS Aleksic, R AF Stojanovic, D. Orlovic, A. Glisic, S. B. Markovic, S. Radmilovic, V. Uskokovic, P. S. Aleksic, R. TI Preparation of MEMO silane-coated SiO2 nanoparticles under high pressure of carbon dioxide and ethanol SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE Supercritical coating; Nanoparticles; Silanization; Supercritical mixture of carbon dioxide and ethanol; Nanocomposite ID SUPERCRITICAL CO2; SILICA SURFACES; COUPLING AGENT; PHASE; ORGANOSILANES; ADSORPTION; STATE AB The objective of this study is to investigate and compare methods of nanosilica coating with gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy (MEMO) silane using supercritical carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide-ethanol mixture. Characterization of grafted silane coupling agent on the nanosilica surface was performed by the infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The d(50) value and particle size distribution were determined by laser particle size analyzer (PSA). The operating parameters of silanization process at 40 degrees C, such as the silica/silane weight ratio, the presence of ethanol, and the pressure, were found to be important for the successful coating of silica particles with minimum agglomeration. The results indicate that presence of ethanol in high-pressure carbon dioxide plays an important role in achieving successful deagglomeration of coated nanoparticles. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that dispersion of the silica particles in the PMMA matrix and interfacial adhesion between silica particles and polymer matrix were enhanced, when silica nanoparticles treated with silane under high pressure of carbon dioxide and ethanol were used for the nanocomposite preparation. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stojanovic, D.; Orlovic, A.; Glisic, S. B.; Uskokovic, P. S.; Aleksic, R.] Univ Belgrade, Fac Technol & Met, Belgrade 11120, Serbia. [Markovic, S.] Serbian Acad Arts & Sci, Inst Tech Sci, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. [Radmilovic, V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Orlovic, A (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Fac Technol & Met, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade 11120, Serbia. EM orlovic@tmf.bg.ac.rs RI Markovic, Smilja/B-7192-2009; Glisic, Sandra/F-7028-2011 OI Markovic, Smilja/0000-0002-9264-4406; Glisic, Sandra/0000-0002-0209-2258 FU Ministry of Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia [142006]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia for the financial support through the project 142006. Electron microscopy characterization was performed at the National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, supported by the Director. Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0896-8446 J9 J SUPERCRIT FLUID JI J. Supercrit. Fluids PD APR PY 2010 VL 52 IS 3 BP 276 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.supflu.2010.02.004 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 588HA UT WOS:000277058200005 ER PT J AU Manzi, NJ Chitnis, PV Holt, RG Roy, RA Cleveland, RO Riemer, B Wendel, M AF Manzi, Nicholas J. Chitnis, Parag V. Holt, R. Glynn Roy, Ronald A. Cleveland, Robin O. Riemer, Bernie Wendel, Mark TI Detecting cavitation in mercury exposed to a high-energy pulsed proton beam SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE acoustic emission; bubbles; cavitation; mercury (metal); proton effects; reverberation; shock waves ID SOLID BOUNDARIES; LITHOTRIPTER; BUBBLES; COLLAPSE; SURFACE; TARGET; ESWL AB The Oak Ridge National Laboratory Spallation Neutron Source employs a high-energy pulsed proton beam incident on a mercury target to generate short bursts of neutrons. Absorption of the proton beam produces rapid heating of the mercury, resulting in the formation of acoustic shock waves and the nucleation of cavitation bubbles. The subsequent collapse of these cavitation bubbles promote erosion of the steel target walls. Preliminary measurements using two passive cavitation detectors (megahertz-frequency focused and unfocused piezoelectric transducers) installed in a mercury test target to monitor cavitation generated by proton beams with charges ranging from 0.041 to 4.1 mu C will be reported on. Cavitation was initially detected for a beam charge of 0.082 mu C by the presence of an acoustic emission approximately 250 mu s after arrival of the incident proton beam. This emission was consistent with an inertial cavitation collapse of a bubble with an estimated maximum bubble radius of 0.19 mm, based on collapse time. The peak pressure in the mercury for the initiation of cavitation was predicted to be 0.6 MPa. For a beam charge of 0.41 mu C and higher, the lifetimes of the bubbles exceeded the reverberation time of the chamber (similar to 300 mu s), and distinct windows of cavitation activity were detected, a phenomenon that likely resulted from the interaction of the reverberation in the chamber and the cavitation bubbles. C1 [Manzi, Nicholas J.; Chitnis, Parag V.; Holt, R. Glynn; Roy, Ronald A.; Cleveland, Robin O.] Boston Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Riemer, Bernie; Wendel, Mark] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Manzi, NJ (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 110 Cummington St, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM nmanzi@bu.edu RI Holt, Ray/G-5677-2010; Cleveland, Robin/G-9468-2013; OI Riemer, Bernard/0000-0002-6922-3056; Roy, Ronald/0000-0001-6394-5667 FU ORNL Spallation Neutron Source; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by the ORNL Spallation Neutron Source, which is managed by University of Tennessee (UT)-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy. The authors would like to thank the LANL and ORNL staffs, in particular, David Felde (ORNL), for technical help with the experiments. This work has benefited from the use of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, a facility funded by the U. S. Department of Energy. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2010 VL 127 IS 4 BP 2231 EP 2239 DI 10.1121/1.3353095 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 580DC UT WOS:000276426100027 PM 20370004 ER PT J AU Gordon, T Shyam, A Lara-Curzio, E AF Gordon, Tim Shyam, Amit Lara-Curzio, Edgar TI The Relationship Between Microstructure and Fracture Toughness for Fibrous Materials for Diesel Particulate Filters SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BODIES AB The Mode I fracture toughness of fibrous SiC and mullite materials with 60%-70% porosity was determined under ambient conditions using the double-torsion test method. The fracture toughness values obtained were 0.27 and 0.34 MPa center dot m1/2 for fibrous SiC and mullite, respectively. These fibrous ceramics exhibit greater fracture resistance than porous monolithic ceramics with similar levels of porosity. A higher degree of cross-linking between the fibers led to further improvement in the fracture characteristics of the fibrous material. The differences in fracture behavior can be explained by the microstructural differences between these two classes of materials. The combination of high porosity and high fracture toughness for fibrous materials makes them ideal candidates for applications in diesel particulate filtration. C1 [Shyam, Amit; Lara-Curzio, Edgar] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gordon, Tim] GEO2 Technol Inc, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. RP Shyam, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM shyama@ornl.gov RI Gordon, Timothy/H-9497-2013; OI Gordon, Timothy/0000-0002-5128-9532; Shyam, Amit/0000-0002-6722-4709 FU U. S. Department of Energy FX The research at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Temperature Materials Laboratory was sponsored by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Program. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD APR PY 2010 VL 93 IS 4 BP 1120 EP 1126 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03524.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 577TK UT WOS:000276246700040 ER PT J AU Laskin, J Yang, ZB Ng, CMD Chu, IK AF Laskin, Julia Yang, Zhibo Ng, C. M. Dominic Chu, Ivan K. TI Fragmentation of alpha-Radical Cations of Arginine-Containing Peptides SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTRON-CAPTURE DISSOCIATION; COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; GAS-PHASE; DETACHMENT DISSOCIATION; PROTON-TRANSFER; COMPLEXES; IONS; GENERATION; BACKBONE AB Fragmentation pathways of peptide radical cations, M-H, with well-defined initial location of the radical site were explored using collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments. Peptide radical cations were produced by gas-phase fragmentation of Con(III)(salen)-peptide complexes [salen = N,N'-ethylenebis (salicylideneiminato)]. Subsequent hydrogen abstraction from the beta-carbon of the side-chain followed by C alpha-C beta bond cleavage results in the loss of a neutral side chain and formation of an a-radical cation with the radical site localized on the a-carbon of the backbone. Similar CID spectra dominated by radical-driven dissociation products were obtained for a number of arginine-containing a-radicals, suggesting that for these systems radical migration precedes fragmentation. In contrast, proton-driven fragmentation dominates CID spectra of a-radicals produced via the loss of the arginine side chain. Radicaldriven fragmentation of large M(+). peptide radical cations is dominated by side-chain losses, formation of even-electron a-ions and odd-electron x-ions resulting from C alpha-C bond cleavages, formation of odd-electron z-ions, and loss of the N-terminal residue. In contrast, charge-driven fragmentation produces even-electron y-ions and odd-electron b-ions. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2010, 21, 511-521) (C) 2010 American Society for Mass Spectrometry C1 [Laskin, Julia; Yang, Zhibo] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ng, C. M. Dominic; Chu, Ivan K.] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Chem, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Laskin, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, POB 999,K-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Julia.Laskin@pnl.gov RI Yang, Zhibo/E-4088-2010; Laskin, Julia/H-9974-2012 OI Laskin, Julia/0000-0002-4533-9644 FU US DOE; University of Hong Kong FX The authors acknowledge partial support for this study by a grant from the Chemical Sciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US DOE and partially by the University of Hong Kong and Hong Kong Research Grant Council, Special Administrative Region, China (project nos. 7018/06P and 7012/08P). The research described in this manuscript was performed at the W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy. I.K.C. acknowledges participation in the PNNL Interfacial and Condensed Phase Summer Research Institute. NR 60 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD APR PY 2010 VL 21 IS 4 BP 511 EP 521 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.12.021 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 584XX UT WOS:000276788700003 PM 20138543 ER PT J AU Park, J Babzien, M Kusche, K Yakimenko, V AF Park, J. Babzien, M. Kusche, K. Yakimenko, V. TI Experimentally Reducing the Dilution of the Beam Emittance Caused by Misalignments in a Photoinjector SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Photoinjector; Emittance dilution; rf deflection force; Misalignments; Electron beam ID DESIGN AB A major issue in generating a high-brightness electron beam is preserving the beam's emittance. Here, we discuss one possible source of diluting emittance, viz., misalignment of the rf kick. The status of alignments due to the deflection force of the accelerating field affects the emittance of a high-brightness electron beam from a photoinjector. An electron beam misaligned with the axis of the accelerating field experiences an emittance growth caused by a defection that is proportional to the electric field's strength in the cavity with the extent of the misalignment. Misalignments of the beam's axis induce different deflections on each particle in the beam, resulting in an energy spread, and, consequently, diluting the beam's emittance. If such a dilution is to be reduced, all components of the photoinjector must be aligned carefully. We measured the emittance dilution and compared the findings with those from our PARMELA. simulation; there was good agreement between them. We demonstrated a significant reduction in the degradation of the emittance as misalignments in the system were rectified. C1 [Park, J.; Babzien, M.; Kusche, K.; Yakimenko, V.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Park, J.] Adv Energy Syst Inc, Medford, NY 11763 USA. RP Park, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM Jangho_park@mail.aesys.net FU US Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy. The authors are grateful to the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) staff for their assistance and support. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD APR PY 2010 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1074 EP 1078 DI 10.3938/jkps.56.1074 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 584VZ UT WOS:000276783000007 ER PT J AU Wang, H Wu, PD Tome, CN Huang, Y AF Wang, H. Wu, P. D. Tome, C. N. Huang, Y. TI A finite strain elastic-viscoplastic self-consistent model for polycrystalline materials SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE Crystal plasticity; Finite strain; Polycrystalline material; Elastic-viscoplastic material; Self-consistent ID TIME-DEPENDENT CREEP; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC TEXTURE EVOLUTION; SITU NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; MAGNESIUM ALLOY AZ31B; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ZIRCONIUM ALLOYS; VISCOELASTIC POLYCRYSTALS; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; FCC METALS AB A large strain elastic-viscoplastic self-consistent (EVPSC) model for polycrystalline materials is developed. At single crystal level, both the rate sensitive slip and twinning are included as the plastic deformation mechanisms, while elastic anisotropy is accounted for in the elastic moduli. The transition from single crystal plasticity to polycrystal plasticity is based on a completely self-consistent approach. It is shown that the differences in the predicted stress-strain curves and texture evolutions based on the EVPSC and the viscoplastic self-consistent (VPSC) model proposed by Lebensohn and Tome (1993) are negligible at large strains for monotonic loadings. For the deformations involving unloading and strain path changes, the EVPSC predicts a smooth elasto-plastic transition, while the VPSC model gives a discontinuous response due to lack of elastic deformation. It is also demonstrated that the EVPSC model can capture some important experimental features which cannot be simulated by using the VPSC model. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, H.; Wu, P. D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada. [Tome, C. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Huang, Y.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 61208 USA. [Huang, Y.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 61208 USA. RP Wu, PD (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada. EM peidong@mcmaster.ca RI Wang, Huamiao/F-7693-2010; Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013; Huang, Yonggang/B-6998-2009; Wu, Peidong/A-7009-2008 OI Wang, Huamiao/0000-0002-7167-2483; FU NSERC Magnesium Strategic Research Network FX This research was supported by funding from the NSERC Magnesium Strategic Research Network. More information on the Network can be found at www.MagNET.ubc.ca. NR 67 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 5 U2 68 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD APR PY 2010 VL 58 IS 4 BP 594 EP 612 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2010.01.004 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 576TL UT WOS:000276171400010 ER PT J AU Huang, XR Peng, RW AF Huang, Xian-Rong Peng, Ru-Wen TI General mechanism involved in subwavelength optics of conducting microstructures: charge-oscillation-induced light emission and interference SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID EVANESCENT-WAVE MODEL; METALLIC GRATINGS; TRANSMISSION RESONANCES; SURFACE-PLASMONS; HOLE ARRAYS; SLITS; RESONATORS; FIELD AB Interactions between light and conducting microstructures or nanostructures can result in a variety of novel phenomena, but their underlying mechanisms have not been completely understood. From calculations of surface charge density waves on conducting gratings and by comparing them with classical surface plasmons, we revealed a general yet concrete picture regarding the coupling of light to free electron oscillation on structured conducting surfaces that can lead to oscillating subwavelength charge patterns (i.e., structured surface plasmons). New wavelets emitted from these light sources then destructively interfere to form evanescent waves. This principle, usually combined with other mechanisms, is mainly a geometrical effect that can be universally involved in light scattering from all periodic and non-periodic structures containing free electrons. This picture may provide clear guidelines for developing conductor-based nano-optical devices. (c) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Huang, Xian-Rong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Huang, Xian-Rong] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Peng, Ru-Wen] Nanjing Univ, Natl Lab Solid State Microstruct, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. RP Huang, XR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM xiahuang@aps.anl.gov FU National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [10625417, 50672035, 10874068]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MOST) [2004CB619005, 2006CB921804]; Ministry of Education of China (ME) and Jiangsu Province [NCET-05-0440, BK2008012]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DEAC-02-98CH10886, DE-AC-02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant Nos. 10625417, 50672035, and 10874068), the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MOST) (Grant Nos. 2004CB619005 and 2006CB921804), and partly by the Ministry of Education of China (ME) and Jiangsu Province (Grant Nos. NCET-05-0440 and BK2008012). X. R. H was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract Nos. DEAC-02-98CH10886 and DE-AC-02-06CH11357. We thank Yong Q. Cai for helpful discussions. NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD APR PY 2010 VL 27 IS 4 BP 718 EP 729 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 577PM UT WOS:000276236300006 PM 20360814 ER PT J AU Gallis, MA Bond, RB Torczynski, JR AF Gallis, Michael A. Bond, Ryan B. Torczynski, John R. TI Assessment of Collisional-Energy-Based Models for Atmospheric Species Reactions in Hypersonic Flows SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO METHOD; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; DISSOCIATION; EXCHANGE AB A recently proposed set of direct simulation Monte Carlo chemical reaction models, based solely on the collisional energy and the vibrational energy levels of the species involved, is applied to calculate equilibrium and nonequilibrium chemical reaction rates for atmospheric reactions in hypersonic flows. The direct simulation Monte Carlo model predictions are in good agreement with Park's model, several theoretical models, and experimental measurements. Physically plausible modifications to some of the direct simulation Monte Carlo models are presented that improve agreement. The observed agreement provides strong evidence that modeling of chemical reactions based on collisional energy and vibrational energy levels provides an accurate method for predicting equilibrium and nonequilibrium chemical reaction rates. C1 [Gallis, Michael A.; Bond, Ryan B.; Torczynski, John R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gallis, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mail Stop 0346, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was performed at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD APR-JUN PY 2010 VL 24 IS 2 BP 241 EP 253 DI 10.2514/1.46267 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 588TG UT WOS:000277096200002 ER PT J AU Wahl, JH Bolz, CD Wahl, KL AF Wahl, Jon H. Bolz, Cinnamon D. Wahl, Karen L. TI Investigating Solvent Purity Using Comprehensive Gas Chromatography: A Study of Acetones SO LC GC EUROPE LA English DT Article ID GC X GC; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; SOXHLET EXTRACTION AB Broad spectrum chemical analysis of trace level components is a continuing challenge for any analytical chemist. This challenge is further confounded when chemical impurities may be present in common organic solvents or when chemical artifacts may be formed, produced and introduced during an analytical procedure. Minimizing and understanding these chemical artifacts is critical for trace level detection and is crucial for accurate analytical conclusions. Comprehensive gas chromatography is an excellent analytical tool to help address these complex mixture challenges. This work examines the impurities present in a variety of acetone sources using comprehensive gas chromatography. This work highlights the extreme variability possible in solvent sources and hence the importance of understanding the impurities that may confound an analytical method or result. C1 [Wahl, Jon H.; Bolz, Cinnamon D.; Wahl, Karen L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Biol Signature Sci Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wahl, JH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Biol Signature Sci Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. FU United States Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate [AGRHSHDC07X00451] FX Funding for this work was provided through contract AGRHSHDC07X00451 to Pacific Northwest National Laboratory by the United States Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS INC PI WOODLAND HILLS PA 6200 CANOGA AVE, 2ND FLR, WOODLAND HILLS, CA 91367 USA SN 1471-6577 J9 LC GC EUR JI LC GC Eur. PD APR PY 2010 VL 23 IS 4 BP 188 EP + PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 601GI UT WOS:000278045900001 ER PT J AU Hong-Geller, E Valdez, YE Shou, Y Yoshida, TM Marrone, BL Dunbar, JM AF Hong-Geller, E. Valdez, Y. E. Shou, Y. Yoshida, T. M. Marrone, B. L. Dunbar, J. M. TI Evaluation of Bacillus anthracis and Yersinia pestis sample collection from nonporous surfaces by quantitative real-time PCR SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus anthracis; bioforensics; nonporous surfaces; qPCR; sample collection; Yersinia pestis ID ENVIRONMENTAL SURFACES; IMPLANT INFECTIONS; BIOFILM; SPORES; BIOTERRORISM; SURVIVAL; BACTERIA; ADHESION; WARFARE; PLASMID AB Aim: We will validate sample collection methods for recovery of microbial evidence in the event of accidental or intentional release of biological agents into the environment. Methods and Results: We evaluated the sample recovery efficiencies of two collection methods - swabs and wipes - for both nonvirulent and virulent strains of Bacillus anthracis and Yersinia pestis from four types of nonporous surfaces: two hydrophilic surfaces, stainless steel and glass, and two hydrophobic surfaces, vinyl and plastic. Sample recovery was quantified using real-time qPCR to assay for intact DNA signatures. We found no consistent difference in collection efficiency between swabs or wipes. Furthermore, collection efficiency was more surface-dependent for virulent strains than nonvirulent strains. For the two nonvirulent strains, collection efficiency was similar between all four surfaces, albeit B. anthracis Sterne exhibited higher levels of recovery compared to Y. pestis A1122. In contrast, recovery of B. anthracis Ames spores and Y. pestis CO92 from the hydrophilic glass or stainless steel surfaces was generally more efficient compared to collection from the hydrophobic vinyl and plastic surfaces. Conclusions: Our results suggest that surface hydrophobicity may play a role in the strength of pathogen adhesion. The surface-dependent collection efficiencies observed with the virulent strains may arise from strain-specific expression of capsular material or other cell surface receptors that alter cell adhesion to specific surfaces. Significance and Impact of the Study: These findings contribute to the validation of standard bioforensics procedures and emphasize the importance of specific strain and surface interactions in pathogen detection. C1 [Hong-Geller, E.; Valdez, Y. E.; Shou, Y.; Yoshida, T. M.; Marrone, B. L.; Dunbar, J. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hong-Geller, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ehong@lanl.gov OI Yoshida, Thomas/0000-0002-2333-7904 FU Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate FX This work was supported by the Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate. All authors state that there are no conflicts of interest. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 50 IS 4 BP 431 EP 437 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2010.02821.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 566TO UT WOS:000275396300017 PM 20184669 ER PT J AU Tsao, JY Waide, P AF Tsao, Jeffrey Y. Waide, Paul TI The World's Appetite for Light: Empirical Data and Trends Spanning Three Centuries and Six Continents SO LEUKOS LA English DT Article DE Solid-state lighting; Rebound effect; Energy efficiency; Price elasticity; Income elasticity; Global lighting demand ID ENERGY EFFICIENCY AB We have collected and self-consistently analyzed data for per-capita consumption of artificial light, per-capita gross domestic product, and ownership cost of light. The data span a wide range (three centuries, six continents, five lighting technologies, and five orders of magnitude), and are consistent with a linear variation of percapita consumption of light with the ratio between per-capita gross domestic product and ownership cost of light. No empirical evidence is found for a saturation in per-capita consumption of light, even in contemporary developed nations. Finally, we extrapolate to the world in 2005, and find that 0.72 percent ($437B/year) of world gross domestic product and 6.5 percent (29.5 Quads/year) of world primary energy was used to produce 130 Plmh/year of artificial light. C1 [Tsao, Jeffrey Y.] Sandia Natl Labs, Phys Chem & Nano Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Int Energy Agcy, Energy Efficiency & Environm Div, F-75739 Paris 15, France. RP Tsao, JY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Phys Chem & Nano Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jytsao@sandia.gov FU Sandia's Solid-State-Lighting Science Energy Frontier Research Center; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Sandia [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Work at Sandia National Laboratories was supported by Sandia's Solid-State-Lighting Science Energy Frontier Research Center, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU ILLUMINAT ENG SOC NORTH AMER PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL ST, 17TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10005-4001 USA SN 1550-2724 J9 LEUKOS JI Leukos PD APR PY 2010 VL 6 IS 4 BP 259 EP 281 DI 10.1582/LEUKOS.2010.06.04001 PG 23 WC Construction & Building Technology; Optics SC Construction & Building Technology; Optics GA 600WC UT WOS:000278018600002 ER PT J AU Zhang, XH Li, XD Mara, N Zhu, YT Minor, A Huang, R AF Zhang, Xinghang Li, Xiaodong Mara, Nathan Zhu, Yuntian Minor, Andrew Huang, Rui TI "Mechanical Behavior of Nanostructured Materials" SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Zhang, Xinghang] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Li, Xiaodong] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Mara, Nathan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Zhu, Yuntian] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Minor, Andrew] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Minor, Andrew] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Zhang, XH (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM zhangx@tamu.edu RI Huang, Rui/B-1627-2008; Mara, Nathan/J-4509-2014; OI Huang, Rui/0000-0003-0328-3862; Mara, Nathan/0000-0002-9135-4693 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 41A IS 4 BP 777 EP 777 DI 10.1007/s11661-010-0205-7 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 567KI UT WOS:000275445100001 ER PT J AU Lee, Z Radmilovic, V Ahn, B Lavernia, EJ Nutt, SR AF Lee, Zonghoon Radmilovic, Velimir Ahn, Byungmin Lavernia, Enrique J. Nutt, Steven R. TI Tensile Deformation and Fracture Mechanism of Bulk Bimodal Ultrafine-Grained Al-Mg Alloy SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mechanical Behavior of Nanostructured Materials held at the 2009 TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY FEB 15-19, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mech Behav Mat Comm, Structural Mat Div, Nanomech Mat Comm, Mfg & Proc Mat Div, Chem & Phys Mat Comm, Structural Mat & Elect, Magnetic & Photon Mat Div, Hysitron Inc, Allied High Tech Inc, FEI ID BRITTLE MATERIALS; DUCTILITY; MICROSTRUCTURE; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR; METALS; SIZE AB The tensile fractures of ultrafine-grained (UFG) Al-Mg alloy with a bimodal grain size were investigated at the micro- and macroscale using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with focused ion beam (FIB), and optical microscopy. The nanoscale voids and crack behaviors near the tensile fracture surfaces were revealed in various scale ranges and provided the evidence to determine the underlying tensile deformation and fracture mechanisms associated with the bulk bimodal metals. The bimodal grain structures exhibit unusual deformation and fracture mechanisms similar to ductile-phase toughening of brittle materials. The ductile coarse grains in the UFG matrix effectively impede propagation of microcracks, resulting in enhanced ductility and toughness while retaining high strength. In view of the observations collected, we propose a descriptive model for tensile deformation and fracture of bimodal UFG metals. C1 [Radmilovic, Velimir] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NCEM, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ahn, Byungmin; Nutt, Steven R.] Univ So Calif, Dept Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Lavernia, Enrique J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM zhlee@lbl.gov RI Ahn, Byungmin/B-3845-2010; Lee, Zonghoon/G-1474-2011; Lavernia, Enrique/I-6472-2013 OI Ahn, Byungmin/0000-0002-0866-6398; Lee, Zonghoon/0000-0003-3246-4072; Lavernia, Enrique/0000-0003-2124-8964 NR 16 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 41A IS 4 BP 795 EP 801 DI 10.1007/s11661-009-0007-y PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 567KI UT WOS:000275445100004 ER PT J AU Zhang, JN Ma, Z Jiao, J Yin, HF Yan, WF Hagaman, EW Yu, JH Dai, S AF Zhang, Jianan Ma, Zhen Jiao, Jian Yin, Hongfeng Yan, Wenfu Hagaman, Edward W. Yu, Jihong Dai, Sheng TI Surface functionalization of mesoporous silica SBA-15 by liquid-phase grafting of zirconium phosphate SO MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Surface functionalization; Grafting; Mesoporous silica; SBA-15; Zirconium phosphate; Aluminum phosphate; Solid acid ID TITANIUM PHOSPHATE; CATALYTIC-PROPERTIES; SULFATED ZIRCONIA; ACIDIC PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; MESOSTRUCTURED TITANIUM; ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; THERMAL-STABILITY; METAL PHOSPHATES; MCM-41 SILICA AB The introduction of mesoporous silicas in the 1990s has offered new opportunities for the engineering of ordered catalytic nanoreactors, but the acid properties of mesoporous silicas are rather poor. Herein mesoporous silica (SBA-15) surfaces were functionalized by zirconium phosphate via two methods recently developed in our group. Zr(OPr)(4) and POCl(3) were used as appropriate precursors in both methods. The main difference between these methods lies in whether Zr(OPr)(4) is grafted onto SBA-15 first and POCl(3) second (method 1) or the grafting process takes place in one pot, with SBA-15, Zr(OPr)(4), and POCl(3) altogether (method 2). More zirconium phosphate could be grafted by repeating the above procedures. The materials were characterized by ICP-OES, XRD, N(2) adsorption-desorption, TEM, (31)P and (29)Si MAS NMR, and NH(3)-TPD, and their applications in catalytic isopropanol dehydration, cumene cracking, and metalion adsorption were demonstrated. Aluminum phosphate-modified SBA-15 samples could be obtained via these two methods as well. This work enriches the family of metal phosphate-functionalized mesaporous silicas as new solid acid catalysts. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Zhang, Jianan; Ma, Zhen; Jiao, Jian; Yin, Hongfeng; Hagaman, Edward W.; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, Jianan; Yan, Wenfu; Yu, Jihong] Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Inorgan Synth & Preparat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China. RP Ma, Z (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zhen.ma@email.ucr.edu; dais@ornl.gov RI Ma, Zhen/F-1348-2010; yu, jihong/C-1381-2011; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Ma, Zhen/0000-0002-2391-4943; yu, jihong/0000-0003-1991-2942; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; National Natural Science Foundation of China; State Basic Research Project [973]; ORNL Research Associates Program FX S. Dai thanks the Division of Chemical Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. J.H. Yu thanks the grants provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China and the State Basic Research Project (973) of China. This research was also supported by the appointment for Z. Ma, J. Jiao, and H.F. Yin to the ORNL Research Associates Program, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities. NR 71 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-1811 J9 MICROPOR MESOPOR MAT JI Microporous Mesoporous Mat. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 129 IS 1-2 BP 200 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.micromeso.2009.09.016 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 547CK UT WOS:000273862900026 ER PT J AU Leng, YS Lei, YJ Cummings, PT AF Leng, Yongsheng Lei, Yajie Cummings, Peter T. TI Comparative studies on the structure and diffusion dynamics of aqueous and nonpolar liquid films under nanometers confinement SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MOLECULARLY THIN-LAYERS; HYDRATION FORCES; MICA SURFACES; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SOLVATION FORCES; WATER AB Aqueous hydration water confined between two mica surfaces and nonpolar liquid argon confined between two solid crystals have been comparably studied through molecular dynamics simulations. A liquid-vapor molecular ensemble developed in previous studies (Leng 2008 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 20 354017) has been used to investigate the solvation structures and diffusion dynamics of confined films. We find that water always tends to diffuse even under two-layer extreme confinement (D = 0.73 nm), whereas liquid argon undergoes a spontaneous liquid-to-solid phase transition at an appreciable large distance (n = 9 layers) between the two crystal solids. Vacancy diffusion in the solid phase of argon is observed. We attribute this phase transition of argon to the tendency of argon molecules to form a close-packed structure to maximize the cohesion energy contributed from weak van der Waals attractions. C1 [Leng, Yongsheng; Lei, Yajie] George Washington Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Cummings, Peter T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Cummings, Peter T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Nanomat Theory Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Leng, YS (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM leng@gwu.edu RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMMI 0904287]; US Department of Defense (DoD) Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) FX This work is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) CMMI 0904287, the US Department of Defense (DoD) Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC). NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD APR PY 2010 VL 18 IS 3 AR 034007 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/18/3/034007 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 573HD UT WOS:000275898900008 ER PT J AU Lorenz, CD Chandross, M Lane, JMD Grest, GS AF Lorenz, Christian D. Chandross, Michael Lane, J. Matthew D. Grest, Gary S. TI Nanotribology of water confined between hydrophilic alkylsilane self-assembled monolayers SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; FORCE MICROSCOPY; THIN-LAYERS; FILMS; SURFACES; MEMS; VISCOSITY AB We report the results of large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of water confined between alkylsilane Si(OH)(3)(CH(2))(10)COOH self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on an amorphous silica substrate. The structure and dynamics of the confined water are studied for applied pressures ranging from approximately 50 to 400 MPa. The viscosity and microscopic friction of the confined water are determined from steady-state shear simulations. We find that the viscosity of the water increases only slightly compared with bulk water under comparable pressures. There is no evidence of ice-like layers being formed near the COOH end groups of the SAMs. The microscopic friction coefficients could only be calculated at high shear rates due to the low viscosity of the water and are found to decrease with increasing amounts of water, similar to experiment. C1 [Lorenz, Christian D.] Kings Coll London, Dept Phys, Mat & Mol Modeling Grp, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Chandross, Michael; Lane, J. Matthew D.; Grest, Gary S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lorenz, CD (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Dept Phys, Mat & Mol Modeling Grp, London WC2R 2LS, England. EM chris.lorenz@kcl.ac.uk RI Lorenz, Christian/A-6996-2017 OI Lorenz, Christian/0000-0003-1028-4804 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Sandia National Laboratories [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX CL acknowledges the KCL Division of Engineering Start-Up funds for supporting this project. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work was performed in part at the US Department of Energy, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, at Los Alamos National Laboratory (Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396) and Sandia National Laboratories (Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000). NR 55 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 23 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD APR PY 2010 VL 18 IS 3 AR 034005 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/18/3/034005 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 573HD UT WOS:000275898900006 ER PT J AU Bowman, GR Comolli, LR Gaietta, GM Fero, M Hong, SH Jones, Y Lee, JH Downing, KH Ellisman, MH McAdams, HH Shapiro, L AF Bowman, Grant R. Comolli, Luis R. Gaietta, Guido M. Fero, Michael Hong, Sun-Hae Jones, Ying Lee, Julie H. Downing, Kenneth H. Ellisman, Mark H. McAdams, Harley H. Shapiro, Lucy TI Caulobacter PopZ forms a polar subdomain dictating sequential changes in pole composition and function SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL-CELL-CYCLE; CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION; DNA-REPLICATION; REGULATOR CONTROLS; PROTEASE COMPLEX; CRESCENTUS; LOCALIZATION; PROTEINS; DIVISION; GENE AB P>The bacterium Caulobacter crescentus has morphologically and functionally distinct cell poles that undergo sequential changes during the cell cycle. We show that the PopZ oligomeric network forms polar ribosome exclusion zones that change function during cell cycle progression. The parS/ParB chromosomal centromere is tethered to PopZ at one pole prior to the initiation of DNA replication. During polar maturation, the PopZ-centromere tether is broken, and the PopZ zone at that pole then switches function to act as a recruitment factor for the ordered addition of multiple proteins that promote the transformation of the flagellated pole into a stalked pole. Stalked pole assembly, in turn, triggers the initiation of chromosome replication, which signals the formation of a new PopZ zone at the opposite cell pole, where it functions to anchor the newly duplicated centromere that has traversed the long axis of the cell. We propose that pole-specific control of PopZ function co-ordinates polar development and cell cycle progression by enabling independent assembly and tethering activities at the two cell poles. C1 [Bowman, Grant R.; Fero, Michael; McAdams, Harley H.; Shapiro, Lucy] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dev Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Comolli, Luis R.; Downing, Kenneth H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gaietta, Guido M.; Jones, Ying; Lee, Julie H.; Ellisman, Mark H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Res Biol Syst, Natl Ctr Microscopy & Imaging Res, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Ellisman, Mark H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, Dept Code 0608, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Hong, Sun-Hae] Stanford Univ, Sch Humanities & Sci, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Shapiro, L (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dev Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM shapiro@stanford.edu FU National Institute of Health [GM073001, GM51426, GM32506, 5P41RR004050-16, F32GM080008]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER64136] FX We thank Patrick Viollier for kindly providing strains, and also Esteban Toro, Antonio Iniesta and other members of the Shapiro lab for advice and critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by National Institute of Health Grants GM073001 to H.H.M and L.S., GM51426 and GM32506 to L.S., 5P41RR004050-16 to M.H.E. and F32GM080008 to G.B.; and by Department of Energy Grants DE-FG02-05ER64136 to L.S. and H.H.M, and DE-FG02-05ER64136 to M.H.E. NR 44 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 76 IS 1 BP 173 EP 189 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07088.x PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 575AS UT WOS:000276036000013 PM 20149103 ER PT J AU Picraux, ST AF Picraux, S. Tom TI Exploring New Science Through Nanoscale Integration SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Picraux, S. Tom] Natl Nanoscale Sci Res Ctr, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Dept Energy DOE, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Picraux, S. Tom] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Picraux, ST (reprint author), Natl Nanoscale Sci Res Ctr, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Dept Energy DOE, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD APR PY 2010 VL 35 IS 4 BP 262 EP 263 DI 10.1557/mrs2010.542 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 585OH UT WOS:000276835100002 ER PT J AU Guisinger, NP Arnold, MS AF Guisinger, Nathan P. Arnold, Michael S. TI Beyond Silicon: Carbon-Based Nanotechnology SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GRAPHENE; PROSPECTS; DIAMOND AB For more than two decades, scientists and engineers have focused on impending limitations (from high-power densities and heat distribution to device patterning) that constrain the future miniaturization of conventional silicon technology. Thus far, academic and industrial efforts have risen to the challenge and continue to advance planar silicon processing, pushing traditional microtechnology to the nanometer scale. However, insurmountable limitations, both of physical nature and cost, still loom and motivate the research of new nanomaterials and technologies that have the potential to replace and/or enhance conventional silicon systems. As time has progressed, another Group IV element has emerged as a front-runner, looking beyond silicon, in the form of carbon-based nanotechnology. The focus of this issue is to provide a comprehensive look at the state-of-the-art in carbon-based nanomaterials and nanotechnologies and their potential impact on conventional silicon technologies, which are not limited to electronics but also encompass micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems, optoelectronics, and memory. Recent advances in carbon nanotube growth, sorting, and optoelectronics will be discussed, and the relatively new and surging area of graphene research will be introduced. In addition, progress in controlling the growth and properties of ultrananocrystalline and nanocrystalline diamond thin films will be reviewed. These efforts are multidisciplinary, heavily materials focused, and tend to translate information and ideas to other carbon-based studies (e.g., graphene is the building block of carbon nanotubes). C1 [Guisinger, Nathan P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Arnold, Michael S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Arnold, Michael S.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Arnold, Michael S.] UW Madison, Adv Mat Energy & Elect Grp, Madison, WI USA. RP Guisinger, NP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM nguisinger@anl.gov; msarnold@wisc.edu RI Arnold, Michael/L-9112-2015; OI Martel, Richard/0000-0002-9021-4656 NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD APR PY 2010 VL 35 IS 4 BP 273 EP 276 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 585OH UT WOS:000276835100014 ER PT J AU Costes, SV Chiolo, I Pluth, JM Barcellos-Hoff, MH Jakob, B AF Costes, S. V. Chiolo, I. Pluth, J. M. Barcellos-Hoff, M. H. Jakob, B. TI Spatiotemporal characterization of ionizing radiation induced DNA damage foci and their relation to chromatin organization SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ESF-EMBO Symposium on Spatio-Temporal Radiation Biology CY MAY 16-21, 2009 CL St Feliu de Guixols, SPAIN SP European Sci Fdn, European Mol Biol Org, Catalunya Reg, CNRS, CEA, European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Fdn Fourmentin Guilberg, Inst Natl Canc, INSERM, Soc Int Radiobiol Langue Francaise, Synchrotron Soleil, Radiat Biol Melusyn Network DE DSB; gamma H2AX; ATMp; 53BP1; Repair kinetics; Review; Chromatin; Complex damage ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; PHOSPHORYLATED HISTONE H2AX; LOW-LET RADIATION; GAMMA-H2AX FOCI; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; NUCLEAR FOCI; HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN-1; POSITIONAL STABILITY AB DNA damage sensing proteins have been shown to localize to the sites of DNA double strand breaks (DSB) within seconds to minutes following ionizing radiation (IR) exposure, resulting in the formation of microscopically visible nuclear domains referred to as radiation-induced foci (RIF). This review characterizes the spatiotemporal properties of RIF at physiological doses, minutes to hours following exposure to ionizing radiation, and it proposes a model describing RIF formation and resolution as a function of radiation quality and chromatin territories. Discussion is limited to RIF formed by three interrelated proteins ATM (Ataxia telangiectasia mutated), 53BP1 (p53 binding protein 1) and gamma H2AX (phosphorylated variant histone H2AX), with an emphasis on the later. This review discusses the importance of not equating RIF with DSB in all situations and shows how dose and time dependence of RIF frequency is inconsistent with a one to one equivalence. Instead, we propose that RIF mark regions of the chromatin that would serve as scaffolds rigid enough to keep broken DNA from diffusing away, but open enough to allow the repair machinery to access the damage site. We review data indicating clear kinetic and physical differences between RIF emerging from dense and uncondensed regions of the nucleus. We suggest that persistent RIF observed days following exposure to ionizing radiation are nuclear marks of permanent rearrangement of the chromatin architecture. Such chromatin alterations may not always lead to growth arrest as cells have been shown to replicate these in progeny. Thus, heritable persistent RIF spanning over tens of Mbp may reflect persistent changes in the transcriptome of a large progeny of cells. Such model opens the door to a "non-DNA-centric view" of radiation-induced phenotypes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Costes, S. V.; Chiolo, I.; Pluth, J. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Barcellos-Hoff, M. H.] NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Jakob, B.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany. RP Costes, SV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 977R225A, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM svcostes@lbl.gov RI Jakob, Burkhard/D-2047-2013; Costes, Sylvain/D-2522-2013 OI Jakob, Burkhard/0000-0003-2404-377X; Costes, Sylvain/0000-0002-8542-2389 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R21 ES021541]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM086613] NR 75 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD APR-JUN PY 2010 VL 704 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 78 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.mrrev.2009.12.006 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 609CS UT WOS:000278633300011 PM 20060491 ER PT J AU Jiang, N Zhang, YY Liu, Q Cheng, ZH Deng, ZT Du, SX Gao, HJ Beck, MJ Pantelides, ST AF Jiang, N. Zhang, Y. Y. Liu, Q. Cheng, Z. H. Deng, Z. T. Du, S. X. Gao, H. -J. Beck, M. J. Pantelides, S. T. TI Diffusivity Control in Molecule-on-Metal Systems Using Electric Fields SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Molecular electronics; surface diffusivity; surface patterning; selective adsorption ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; AU(111) SURFACE; IRON PHTHALOCYANINE; GROWTH; ATOMS AB The development of methods for controlling the motion and arrangement of molecules adsorbed on a metal surface would provide a powerful tool for the design of molecular electronic devices. Recently, metal phthalocyanines (MPc) have been extensively considered for use in such devices, Here we show that applied electric fields can be used to turn off the diffusivity of iron phthalocyanine (FePc) on Au(111) at fixed temperature, demonstrating a practical and direct method for controlling and potentially patterning FePc layers. Using scanning tunneling microscopy, we show that the diffusivity of FePc on Au(it) is a strong function of temperature and that applied electric fields can be used to retard or enhance molecular diffusion at fixed temperature. Using spin-dependent density-functional calculations, we then explore the origin of this effect, showing that applied fields modify both the molecule surface binding energies and the molecular diffusion barriers through an interaction with the dipolar Fe Au adsorption bond. On the basis of these results FePc on Au(111) is a promising candidate system or the development of adaptive molecular device structures. C1 [Jiang, N.; Zhang, Y. Y.; Liu, Q.; Cheng, Z. H.; Deng, Z. T.; Du, S. X.; Gao, H. -J.; Beck, M. J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Y. Y.; Pantelides, S. T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Pantelides, S. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Beck, M. J.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Gao, HJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, POB 603, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM hjgao@aphy.iphyaccn; pantelides@vanderbilt.edu RI Du, Shixuan/K-7145-2012; cheng, zhihai/F-4005-2011; Zhang, Yu-Yang/F-2078-2011; IoP, Nano Lab/B-9663-2013; cheng, zhihai/B-9526-2014; Jiang, Nan/E-2716-2014 OI Du, Shixuan/0000-0001-9323-1307; Zhang, Yu-Yang/0000-0002-9548-0021; cheng, zhihai/0000-0003-4938-4490; Jiang, Nan/0000-0001-9787-8407 FU Natural Science Foundation or China (NSFC); National 973 and 863 projects or China; CAS; Shanghai Super-computer Center; U.S. Department of Energy [DEFG0203ER46096]; McMinn Endowment at Vanderbilt University FX This work was supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation or China (NSFC), National 973 and 863 projects or China, CAS, the Shanghai Super-computer Center, the U.S. Department of Energy Grant DEFG0203ER46096, and the McMinn Endowment at Vanderbilt University. NR 32 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1184 EP 1188 DI 10.1021/nl903473p PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 581WU UT WOS:000276557100016 PM 20178372 ER PT J AU Splendiani, A Sun, L Zhang, YB Li, TS Kim, J Chim, CY Galli, G Wang, F AF Splendiani, Andrea Sun, Liang Zhang, Yuanbo Li, Tianshu Kim, Jonghwan Chim, Chi-Yung Galli, Giulia Wang, Feng TI Emerging Photoluminescence in Monolayer MoS2 SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Photoluminescence; two-dimensional materials; metal dichalcogenide ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; NANOCRYSTALS; CRYSTALS; GRAPHENE; SILICON; RAMAN; WSE2 AB Novel physical phenomena can emerge in low-dimensional nanomaterials. Bulk MoS2, a prototypical metal dichalcogenide, is an indirect bandgap semiconductor with negligible photoluminescence. When the MoS2 crystal is thinned to monolayer, however, a strong photoluminescence emerges, indicating an indirect to direct bandgap transition in this d-electron system. This observation shows that quantum confinement in layered d-electron materials like MoS2 provides new opportunities for engineering the electronic structure of matter at the nanoscale. C1 [Splendiani, Andrea; Sun, Liang; Zhang, Yuanbo; Kim, Jonghwan; Chim, Chi-Yung; Wang, Feng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Splendiani, Andrea] Scuola Galileiana Studi Super Padova, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Li, Tianshu; Galli, Giulia] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wang, Feng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fengwang76@berkeley.edu RI Li, Tianshu/H-6336-2011; wang, Feng/I-5727-2015 OI Li, Tianshu/0000-0002-0529-543X; FU National Science Foundation; Sloan fellowship; DOE-BES [DE-FG02-06ER46262]; Miller fellowship; Scuola Galileiana di Studi Superiori di Padova; EAR FX We thank Professor Ron Shen for helpful discussion and Professor Xiang Zhang for the AFM measurements. The work was supported by a National Science Foundation CAREER award and a Sloan fellowship (F.W.) and by DOE-BES Grant DE-FG02-06ER46262 (G.G. and T.L.). Y.Z. is supported by a Miller fellowship and A.S. acknowledges support from Scuola Galileiana di Studi Superiori di Padova and the EAR. NR 21 TC 2380 Z9 2405 U1 279 U2 1865 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1271 EP 1275 DI 10.1021/nl903868w PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 581WU UT WOS:000276557100031 PM 20229981 ER PT J AU Checco, A Hofmann, T DiMasi, E Black, CT Ocko, BM AF Checco, Antonio Hofmann, Tommy DiMasi, Elaine Black, Charles T. Ocko, Benjamin M. TI Morphology of Air Nanobubbles Trapped at Hydrophobic Nanopatterned Surfaces SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Hydrophobicity; nanopatterned surface; nanobubble; X-ray scattering ID WATER; INTEGRATION AB The details of air nanobubble trapping at the interface between water and a nanostructured hydrophobic silicon surface are investigated using X-ray scattering and contact angle measurements. Large-area silicon surfaces containing hexagonally packed, 20 nm wide hydrophobic cavities provide ideal model surfaces for studying the morphology of air nanobubbles trapped inside cavities and its dependence on the cavity depth. Transmission small-angle X-ray scattering measurements show stable trapping of air inside the cavities with a partial water penetration of 5-10 nm into the pores, independent of their large depth variation. This behavior is explained by consideration of capillary effects and the cavity geometry. For parabolic cavities, the liquid can reach a thermodynamically stable configuration-a nearly planar nanobubble meniscus-by partially penetrating into the pores. This microscopic information correlates very well with the macroscopic surface wetting behavior. C1 [Checco, Antonio; Hofmann, Tommy; Ocko, Benjamin M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [DiMasi, Elaine] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Black, Charles T.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Checco, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM checco@bnl.gov RI 骆, 庆群/C-3671-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy, the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; IBM T. J. Watson Research Center (Yorktown Heights, New York) FX Work at Brookhaven National Laboratory is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under award DE-AC02-98CH10886. The authors appreciate support from the IBM T. J. Watson Research Center (Yorktown Heights, New York), and specifically the expertise of Y. Zhang in preparing the nanostructured silicon surfaces. The authors also acknowledge the contributions of J. Muniz and O. Gang during the early stages of the project. NR 24 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1354 EP 1358 DI 10.1021/nl9042246 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 581WU UT WOS:000276557100046 PM 20180525 ER PT J AU Williams, SS Retterer, S Lopez, R Ruiz, R Samulski, ET DeSimone, JM AF Williams, Stuart S. Retterer, Scott Lopez, Rene Ruiz, Ricardo Samulski, Edward T. DeSimone, Joseph M. TI High-Resolution PFPE-based Molding Techniques for Nanofabrication of High-Pattern Density, Sub-20 nm Features: A Fundamental Materials Approach SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Soft lithography; molding; replica molding; nanofabrication; PRINT; perfluoropolyether ID SOFT LITHOGRAPHY; IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; COMPOSITE STAMPS; ASPECT-RATIO; MONODISPERSE; FABRICATION; PARTICLES; CHEMISTRY; FIDELITY; REPLICA AB Several perfluoropolyether (PFPE)-based elastomers for high-resolution replica molding applications are explored. The modulus of the elastomeric materials was increased through synthetic and additive approaches while maintaining relatively low surface tension values (<25 mN/m). Using large area (>4 in.(2)) master templates, we experimentally show the relationship between mold resolution and material properties such as modulus and surface tension for materials used in this study. A composite mold approach was used to form flexible molds out of stiff, high modulus materials that allow for replication of sub-20 nm post structures. Sub-100 nm line grating master templates, formed using e-beam lithography, were used to determine the experimental stability of the molding materials. It was observed that as the feature spacing decreased. high modulus PFPE tetramethacrylate (TMA) composite molds were able to effectively replicate the nanograting structures without cracking or tear-out defects that typically occur with high modulus elastomers. C1 [Williams, Stuart S.; Samulski, Edward T.; DeSimone, Joseph M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Lopez, Rene] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [DeSimone, Joseph M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Retterer, Scott] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ruiz, Ricardo] San Jose Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95135 USA. RP DeSimone, JM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM desimone@unc.edu RI Retterer, Scott/A-5256-2011; Lopez, Rene/G-3734-2014; OI Retterer, Scott/0000-0001-8534-1979; Lopez, Rene/0000-0001-6274-066X; Ruiz, Ricardo/0000-0002-1698-4281 FU National Science Foundation [CMS-0507151]; UNC EFRC; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001011]; Office of Naval Research; Liquidia Technologies; Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was partially supported by the STC program of the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. CMS-0507151, the UNC EFRC: Solar Fuels and Next Generation Photovoltaics, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001011, the Office of Naval Research, Liquidia Technologies, and the William R. Kenan, Jr., Distinguished Professorship. We thank Hitachi for providing the silicon master template shown in Figure 2. A portion of this research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 35 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 5 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1421 EP 1428 DI 10.1021/nl100326q PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 581WU UT WOS:000276557100058 PM 20178369 ER PT J AU Gao, HF Poulsen, DA Ma, BW Unruh, DA Zhao, XY Millstone, JE Frechet, JMJ AF Gao, Haifeng Poulsen, Daniel A. Ma, Biwu Unruh, David A. Zhao, Xiaoyong Millstone, Jill E. Frechet, Jean M. J. TI Site Isolation of Emitters within Cross-Linked Polymer Nanoparticles for White Electroluminescence SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Site-isolation; energy transfer; encapsulated chromophore; nanoparticle; OLED ID LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; IRIDIUM COMPLEXES; SINGLE; DIODES; CHROMOPHORES; EMISSION AB The use of cross-linked polymer nanoparticles was explored to achieve site isolation of different emitters within a single emissive layer in an electroluminescent device. Encapsulation of the iridium emitters within the polymer nanoparticles led to the desired effect with minimal energy transfer from high bandgap chromophores to lower bandgap ones. The nanoparticles were easily dispersed in organic solvent for film casting while preserving particle shape. They behave as light emitting "inks", enabling the tuning of electroluminescence through simple changes in the ratios of nanoparticles in the emissive film. C1 [Gao, Haifeng; Poulsen, Daniel A.; Unruh, David A.; Zhao, Xiaoyong; Millstone, Jill E.; Frechet, Jean M. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gao, Haifeng; Poulsen, Daniel A.; Ma, Biwu; Frechet, Jean M. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM frechet@berkeley.edu RI Gao, Haifeng/C-3286-2008; Ma, Biwu/B-6943-2012; Gao, Haifeng/D-1610-2016; OI Millstone, Jill/0000-0002-9499-5744; Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Analytical portions of this work were performed at the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. NR 18 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1440 EP 1444 DI 10.1021/nl100347p PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 581WU UT WOS:000276557100061 PM 20297766 ER PT J AU Akey, A Lu, CG Yang, L Herman, IP AF Akey, Austin Lu, Chenguang Yang, Lin Herman, Irving P. TI Formation of Thick, Large-Area Nanoparticle Superlattices in Lithographically Defined Geometries SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticles; superlattice; self assembly; microfluidics; ordered array ID NANOCRYSTAL SUPERLATTICES; MONODISPERSE NANOCRYSTALS; BINARY SUPERLATTICES; SELF-ORGANIZATION; CDSE; CRYSTALLIZATION; CRYSTALS; LATTICE; PBSE AB Superlattices of colloidal nanocrystals hold the promise of new nanomaterials with tunable properties. The positioning and size of these structures are often poorly controlled after self-assembly from the solution phase, making studies of their properties difficult. We report the fabrication of similar to 100 layer thick, three-dimensional superlattices on a substrate with controlled lateral placement. This novel fabrication technique generates long-range order over the micrometer scale and controlled placement by employing lithographic patterning and microfluidic flow. C1 [Akey, Austin; Lu, Chenguang; Herman, Irving P.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Yang, Lin] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Herman, IP (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. RI Lu, Chenguang/G-6850-2011; Yang, Lin/D-5872-2013 OI Yang, Lin/0000-0003-1057-9194 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0213574]; NSF [CHE-0641523]; New York State Office of Science, Technology, and Academic Research (NYSTAR); U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors thank Stephen O'Brien for use of his synthesis facilities. This work was supported primarily by the MRSEC program of the National Science Foundation (DMR-0213574), the NSEC program of the NSF (CHE-0641523), and by the New York State Office of Science, Technology, and Academic Research (NYSTAR). Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1517 EP 1521 DI 10.1021/nl100129t PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 581WU UT WOS:000276557100075 PM 20356099 ER PT J AU Thundat, T AF Thundat, Thomas TI DNA SEQUENCING Read with quantum mechanics SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT News Item C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Thundat, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM thundattg@ornl.gov NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 5 IS 4 BP 246 EP 247 DI 10.1038/nnano.2010.72 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 580PE UT WOS:000276460600006 PM 20376071 ER PT J AU Brown, RS Harnish, RA Carter, KM Boyd, JW Deters, KA Eppard, MB AF Brown, Richard S. Harnish, Ryan A. Carter, Kathleen M. Boyd, James W. Deters, Katherine A. Eppard, M. Brad TI An Evaluation of the Maximum Tag Burden for Implantation of Acoustic Transmitters in Juvenile Chinook Salmon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC SALMON; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; PREDATOR AVOIDANCE; COLUMBIA RIVERS; SURVIVAL; TROUT; SMOLTS; GROWTH; WILD AB A substantial percentage of the Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. and steelhead O. mykiss smolts that emigrate to the ocean each year are smaller than 110 mm (fork length). However, relatively few researchers have implanted acoustic transmitters in fish of this size, and none have reported minimum fish lengths below 110 mm for which the tag burden did not negatively influence growth or survival. The influence of a surgically implanted acoustic microtransmitter and a passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag on the growth and survival of hatchery-reared juvenile Chinook salmon was examined over a period of 30 d. Growth and survival were compared between treatment (tagged) and control (untagged) fish within three size-groups (80-89, 90-99, and 100-109 mm). The acoustic microtransmitter and PIT tag implanted in our study had a combined weight of 0.74 g; the combined tag burden for implanted fish ranged from 4.5% to 15.7%. The results indicated that growth and survival among implanted juvenile Chinook salmon were size dependent. Significant differences in growth rate and survival were observed between treatment and control fish in the 80-89-mm group. The survival of implanted fish smaller than 11.1 g (tag burden, >6.7%) and the growth of fish smaller than 9.0 g (tag burden, >8.2%) were negatively affected by the implantation or presence of an acoustic microtransmitter and PIT tag. The results of this study will aid researchers in determining the minimum fish size suitable for use in acoustic telemetry studies that estimate the short-term (30-d) survival and growth of juvenile salmonids. C1 [Brown, Richard S.; Harnish, Ryan A.; Carter, Kathleen M.; Boyd, James W.; Deters, Katherine A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Eppard, M. Brad] US Army Corps Engineers, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Brown, RS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rich.brown@pnl.gov FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This study was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. With appreciation, we acknowledge the technical contributions to the project made by the following people from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory: Brian Bellgraph, Geoffrey McMichael, Jessica Carter, David Geist, Tom Carlson, Abby Welch, Marie Theriault, Garrett McKinney, Jennifer Panther, Katie Ovink, Katie Murray, Gayle Dirkes, Tirell Monter, Ian Welch, Julie Miller, Brooke Sakara, Chris Eilers, Scott Abernethy, Craig McKinstry, and Andrea Currie. We also thank John Skalski of the University of Washington. Our thanks go also to Brad Ryan, Eric Hockersmith, and Michelle Rub of NOAA Fisheries. NR 28 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD APR PY 2010 VL 30 IS 2 BP 499 EP 505 DI 10.1577/M09-038.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 599XP UT WOS:000277947800014 ER PT J AU Nesaraja, CD Geraedts, SD Singh, B AF Nesaraja, Caroline D. Geraedts, Scott D. Singh, Balraj TI Nuclear Data Sheets for A=58 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-RICH ISOTOPES; SHELL-MODEL CALCULATIONS; HIGH-SPIN STATES; INELASTIC ELECTRON-SCATTERING; DOUBLE-CHARGE-EXCHANGE; LOW-LYING STATES; ALPHA-PARTICLE SCATTERING; GAMOW-TELLER STRENGTH; GAMMA-RAY ENERGIES; RELATIVISTIC COULOMB-EXCITATION AB The evaluated spectroscopic data are presented for known nuclides of mass 58 (Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn). Excited state data are nonexistent for Ca-58, Sc-58, and Zn-58; and very scarce for Ti-58 and V-58, with only one tentative level in each case. Except for half lives, no other radioactive decay data are available for the decay of Sc-58 and Ti-58. The radioactive decays of V-58, Cr-58 and Zn-58 are not considered as well established. Superdeformed structures are known in Ni-58 (two bands) and in Cu-58 (one band). Prompt proton decay of high spin states in Ni-58 for eight levels and prompt alpha decay for two states have been identified. In one high spin state decays by prompt proton emission. Very complex high spin structures are now known for Ni-58 from the work by 2009Jo03. C1 [Nesaraja, Caroline D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Nesaraja, Caroline D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Geraedts, Scott D.; Singh, Balraj] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RP Nesaraja, CD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Nesaraja, Caroline/0000-0001-5571-8341 FU Office of Nuclear Physics; Office of Science; Department of Energy of the U.S.A; NSERC of Canada FX Work supported by the Office of Nuclear Physics, Office of Science, Department of Energy of the U.S.A. The work at McMaster was also supported partly by the NSERC of Canada NR 538 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD APR PY 2010 VL 111 IS 4 BP 897 EP 1091 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2010.03.003 PG 195 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 580WG UT WOS:000276480600001 ER PT J AU Browne, E Tuli, JK AF Browne, E. Tuli, J. K. TI Nuclear Data Sheets for A=66 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; LYING COLLECTIVE STATES; NEUTRON-RICH ISOTOPES; MEDIUM-WEIGHT NUCLEI; EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI; HIGH-SPIN STATES; FP-SHELL NUCLEI; PROTON INELASTIC-SCATTERING; ELASTIC ELECTRON-SCATTERING; TARGET EXCITATION-FUNCTIONS AB The evaluators present in this publication spectroscopic data and level schemes from radioactive decay and nuclear reactions studies for all isobars with mass number A=66. The first level scheme of (66)As, from (HI,xn gamma), has been included in this evaluation. C1 [Browne, E.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Browne, E (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 358 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD APR PY 2010 VL 111 IS 4 BP 1093 EP + DI 10.1016/j.nds.2010.03.004 PG 116 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 580WG UT WOS:000276480600002 ER PT J AU Neerdael, B Finsterle, S AF Neerdael, Bernard Finsterle, Stefan TI THE USE OF NUMERICAL MODELS IN SUPPORT OF SITE CHARACTERIZATION AND PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT STUDIES FOR GEOLOGICAL REPOSITORIES SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Modelling; Siting; Characterization; Performance Assessment; Geological Disposal; Repository AB The paper is describing work being developed in the frame of a 5-year IAEA Coordinated Research Programme (CRP) started in late 2005. Participants gained knowledge of modelling methodologies and experience in the development and use of rather sophisticated simulation tools in support of site characterization and performance assessment calculations. These goals were achieved by a coordinated effort, in which the advantages and limitations of numerical models are examined and demonstrated through a comparative analysis of simplified, illustrative test cases. This knowledge and experience should help them address these issues in their own country's nuclear waste program. Coordination efforts during the first three years of the project aimed at enabling this transfer of expertise and maximizing the learning experience of the participants as a group. This was accomplished by identifying common interests of the participants (i.e., Process Modelling and Total System Performance Assessment methodology), and by defining complementary tasks that are solved by the members. Synthesis of all available results by comparative assessments is planned in the coming months. The project will be completed end of 2010. This paper is summarizing activities up to November 2009. C1 [Neerdael, Bernard] IAEA, Vienna Int Ctr, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Finsterle, Stefan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neerdael, B (reprint author), IAEA, Vienna Int Ctr, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. EM bneerdael@gmail.com RI Finsterle, Stefan/A-8360-2009 OI Finsterle, Stefan/0000-0002-4446-9906 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KOREAN NUCLEAR SOC PI DAEJEON PA NUTOPIA BLDG, 342-1 JANGDAE-DONG, DAEJEON, 305-308, SOUTH KOREA SN 1738-5733 J9 NUCL ENG TECHNOL JI Nucl. Eng. Technol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 42 IS 2 BP 145 EP 150 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 596DC UT WOS:000277663400002 ER PT J AU Ahn, JW Canik, JM Soukhanovskii, VA Maingi, R Battaglia, DJ AF Ahn, J. -W. Canik, J. M. Soukhanovskii, V. A. Maingi, R. Battaglia, D. J. TI Modification of divertor heat and particle flux profiles with applied 3D fields in NSTX H-mode plasmas SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID SPHERICAL TORUS EXPERIMENT; MAGNETIC PERTURBATIONS; STABILITY AB Externally imposed non-axisymmetric magnetic perturbations are observed to alter divertor heat and particle flux profiles in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). The divertor profiles are found to have a modest level of multiple local peaks, characteristic of strike point splitting or the 'magnetic lobe' structure, even before the application of the 3D fields in some (but not all) NSTX discharges. This is thought to be due to the intrinsic error fields. The applied 3D fields augmented the intrinsic strike point splitting, making the amplitude of local peaks and valleys larger in the divertor profile and striations at the divertor surface brighter. The measured heat flux profile shows that the radial location and spacing of the striations are qualitatively consistent with a vacuum field tracing calculation. 3D field application did not change the peak divertor heat and particle fluxes at the toroidal location of measurement. Spatial characteristics of the observed patterns are also reported in the paper. C1 [Ahn, J. -W.; Canik, J. M.; Maingi, R.; Battaglia, D. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Soukhanovskii, V. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ahn, JW (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, MS-15, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM jahn@pppl.gov OI Canik, John/0000-0001-6934-6681 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-000R22725, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-AC05-06OR23100] FX The authors are grateful to Dr A. Herrmann for a collaboration through the agreement of using the THEODOR 2D heat flux calculation code. Helpful discussions with Dr J.-K. Park are also appreciated. This work was funded by the US Department of Energy, contract numbers DE-AC05-000R22725, DE-AC52-07NA27344 and DE-AC02-09CH11466. D.J. Battaglia is supported by the US Department of Energy Fusion Energy Postdoctoral Research Program, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education under contract number DE-AC05-06OR23100. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD APR PY 2010 VL 50 IS 4 AR 045010 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/50/4/045010 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 580UI UT WOS:000276475600014 ER PT J AU Hudson, B Evans, TE Osborne, TH Petty, CC Snyder, PB Unterberg, EA AF Hudson, B. Evans, T. E. Osborne, T. H. Petty, C. C. Snyder, P. B. Unterberg, E. A. TI ELM suppression by resonant magnetic perturbation in high-performance, stationary plasmas SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID EDGE LOCALIZED MODES; DIII-D TOKAMAK; DISCHARGES; TRANSPORT; STABILITY; PEDESTAL; DESIGN AB The method of resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) has been shown to suppress edge-localized modes (ELMs) in the high-performance, stationary (or 'hybrid') scenario in the DIII-D tokamak. Calculations of stability to peeling-ballooning (P-B) modes are shown to be consistent with the observed suppression of type-I ELMs, while the ELM suppression, dependence on edge safety factor and density pump-out are similar for hybrids and standard H-mode discharges. However, other small ELMs can appear when the edge safety factor is outside the resonance window or when the H-mode pedestal is perturbed, which are not related to P-B stability. The role of the edge bootstrap current in determining stochastic heat transport during RMP is discussed. C1 [Hudson, B.; Unterberg, E. A.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Evans, T. E.; Osborne, T. H.; Petty, C. C.; Snyder, P. B.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Hudson, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Unterberg, Ezekial/F-5240-2016 OI Unterberg, Ezekial/0000-0003-1353-8865 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC05-06OR23100, DE-FG02-95ER54309] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC05-06OR23100 and DE-FG02-95ER54309. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD APR PY 2010 VL 50 IS 4 AR 045006 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/50/4/045006 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 580UI UT WOS:000276475600010 ER PT J AU In, Y Bogatu, IN Garofalo, AM Jackson, GL Kim, JS La Haye, RJ Lanctot, MJ Marrelli, L Martin, P Okabayashi, M Reimerdes, H Schaffer, MJ Strait, EJ AF In, Y. Bogatu, I. N. Garofalo, A. M. Jackson, G. L. Kim, J. S. La Haye, R. J. Lanctot, M. J. Marrelli, L. Martin, P. Okabayashi, M. Reimerdes, H. Schaffer, M. J. Strait, E. J. TI On the roles of direct feedback and error field correction in stabilizing resistive-wall modes SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID DIII-D; TOKAMAKS; ROTATION; PLASMAS AB Active feedback control in the DIII-D tokamak has fully stabilized the current-driven ideal kink resistive-wall mode (RWM). While complete stabilization is known to require both low frequency error field correction (EFC) and high frequency feedback, unambiguous identification has been made about the distinctive role of each in a fully feedback-stabilized discharge. Specifically, the role of direct RWM feedback, which nullifies the RWM perturbation in a time scale faster than the mode growth time, cannot be replaced by low frequency EFC, which minimizes the lack of axisymmetry of external magnetic fields. C1 [In, Y.; Bogatu, I. N.; Kim, J. S.] FAR TECH Inc, San Diego, CA USA. [Garofalo, A. M.; Jackson, G. L.; La Haye, R. J.; Schaffer, M. J.; Strait, E. J.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Lanctot, M. J.; Reimerdes, H.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Marrelli, L.; Martin, P.] Consorzio RFX, I-35127 Padua, Italy. [Okabayashi, M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP In, Y (reprint author), FAR TECH Inc, 3550 Gen Atom Court,Bldg 15,Suite 155, San Diego, CA USA. RI Marrelli, Lionello/G-4451-2013; Lanctot, Matthew J/O-4979-2016 OI Marrelli, Lionello/0000-0001-5370-080X; Lanctot, Matthew J/0000-0002-7396-3372 FU US Department of Energy SBIR [DE-FG02-06ER84442, DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-FG02-89ER53297] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy SBIR under contracts No DE-FG02-06ER84442, DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC02-09CH11466 and DE-FG02-89ER53297. The authors are grateful to Drs M. Austin and A. Turnbull as well as to the DIII-D team. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD APR PY 2010 VL 50 IS 4 AR 042001 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/50/4/042001 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 580UI UT WOS:000276475600001 ER PT J AU Menard, JE Bell, RE Gates, DA Gerhardt, SP Park, JK Sabbagh, SA Berkery, JW Egan, A Kallman, J Kaye, SM LeBlanc, B Liu, YQ Sontag, A Swanson, D Yuh, H Zhu, W AF Menard, J. E. Bell, R. E. Gates, D. A. Gerhardt, S. P. Park, J. -K. Sabbagh, S. A. Berkery, J. W. Egan, A. Kallman, J. Kaye, S. M. LeBlanc, B. Liu, Y. Q. Sontag, A. Swanson, D. Yuh, H. Zhu, W. CA NSTX Res Team TI Progress in understanding error-field physics in NSTX spherical torus plasmas SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID RESISTIVE WALL MODE; HIGH-BETA PLASMAS; DIII-D; TOKAMAK PLASMAS; STABILIZATION; CONFINEMENT; THRESHOLDS; ROTATION; REGIME; LIMITS AB The low-aspect ratio, low magnetic field and wide range of plasma beta of NSTX plasmas provide new insight into the origins and effects of magnetic field errors. An extensive array of magnetic sensors has been used to analyse error fields, to measure error-field amplification and to detect resistive wall modes (RWMs) in real time. The measured normalized error-field threshold for the onset of locked modes shows a linear scaling with plasma density, a weak to inverse dependence on toroidal field and a positive scaling with magnetic shear. These results extrapolate to a favourable error-field threshold for ITER. For these low-beta locked-mode plasmas, perturbed equilibrium calculations find that the plasma response must be included to explain the empirically determined optimal correction of NSTX error fields. In high-beta NSTX plasmas exceeding the n = 1 no-wall stability limit where the RWM is stabilized by plasma rotation, active suppression of n = 1 amplified error fields and the correction of recently discovered intrinsic n = 3 error fields have led to sustained high rotation and record durations free of low-frequency core MHD activity. For sustained rotational stabilization of the n = 1 RWM, both the rotation threshold and the magnitude of the amplification are important. At fixed normalized dissipation, kinetic damping models predict rotation thresholds for RWM stabilization to scale nearly linearly with particle orbit frequency. Studies for NSTX find that orbit frequencies computed in general geometry can deviate significantly from those computed in the high-aspect ratio and circular plasma cross-section limit, and these differences can strongly influence the predicted RWM stability. The measured and predicted RWM stability is found to be very sensitive to the E x B rotation profile near the plasma edge, and the measured critical rotation for the RWM is approximately a factor of two higher than predicted by the MARS-F code using the semi-kinetic damping model. C1 [Menard, J. E.; Bell, R. E.; Gates, D. A.; Gerhardt, S. P.; Park, J. -K.; Kallman, J.; Kaye, S. M.; LeBlanc, B.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Sabbagh, S. A.; Berkery, J. W.] Columbia Univ, Fu Fdn Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Egan, A.] Univ Penn, Dept Radiat Oncol, Perelman Ctr Adv Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Liu, Y. Q.] Culham Sci Ctr, Culham Ctr Fus Energy, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. [Sontag, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Swanson, D.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Yuh, H.] Nova Photon Inc, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Zhu, W.] Credit Suisse, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Menard, JE (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Berkery, John/B-7930-2011; Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-FG02-99ER54524] FX The authors wish to thank H. Kugel, R. Kaita and other members of the NSTX team who assisted in the application of in-vessel lithium coatings which contributed to the achievement of MHD-free long-pulse plasmas. Special thanks also to D. Mastrovito and C. A. Ludescher-Furth for implementing the real-time mode identification and active feedback control algorithms. This work was supported by the United States Department of Energy under contract numbers DE-AC02-09CH11466 (PPPL) and DE-AC05-00OR22725 (ORNL) and grant number DE-FG02-99ER54524 (Columbia University). NR 55 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD APR PY 2010 VL 50 IS 4 AR 045008 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/50/4/045008 PG 22 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 580UI UT WOS:000276475600012 ER PT J AU Svidzinski, VA Li, H AF Svidzinski, V. A. Li, H. TI Stabilization of ideal pressure gradient driven edge modes during pulsed parallel current drive in reversed field pinch SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID POLOIDAL CURRENT DRIVE; LOCALIZED MODES; CONFINEMENT; FLUCTUATION; DYNAMO AB Significant improvement of plasma confinement in the Madison Symmetric Torus reversed field pinch (RFP) has been routinely achieved by applying an inductive electric field at the plasma boundary in the direction parallel to the equilibrium magnetic field at the plasma edge. An auxiliary edge current is driven by this electric field with the goal of replacing the dynamo-driven current and modifying the parallel current profile to reduce current-driven instabilities. This current-drive technique is called pulsed parallel current drive (PPCD) in RFP. During PPCD plasma fluctuations are reduced everywhere resulting in tokamak-like confinement parameters, while the edge density profile steepens significantly and plasma beta increases. A steep edge plasma pressure profile, a relatively high plasma beta and a strong unfavourable curvature of equilibrium magnetic field near the edge in RFP could excite pressure-driven fluid turbulence near the edge and worsen plasma confinement, opposite to the experimental observations. In this study stability analysis of edge pressure gradient driven ideal modes in standard-like and in PPCD-like plasma equilibria is performed. An ideal magnetohydrodynamic plasma model in cylindrical RFP equilibrium with a step function plasma pressure profile and a vacuum layer between the plasma boundary and the conducting shell is used. Standard-like and PPCD-like plasma equilibria in the model are defined by the direction of the surface current at the plasma-vacuum interface. The results show that while in standard-like equilibrium the edge pressure gradient driven modes are highly unstable in this model, the transition to PPCD-like equilibrium completely stabilizes these modes. The modes stabilization is primarily due to strengthening of magnetic shear at the location of the pressure gradient during the drive and due to the proximity of this location to the conducting wall. This stabilization mechanism is not specific to RFPs, making PPCD a general method of stabilization of the edge pressure gradient driven instabilities which could be applied in other magnetic confinement systems. Application of PPCD to stabilize the edge localized modes in tokamaks is proposed. C1 [Svidzinski, V. A.; Li, H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Svidzinski, VA (reprint author), FAR TECH Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. FU US Department of Energy; LDRD program at the Los Alamos National Laboratory FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy and by the LDRD program at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD APR PY 2010 VL 50 IS 4 AR 045009 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/50/4/045009 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 580UI UT WOS:000276475600013 ER PT J AU Adragna, P Alexa, C Anderson, K Antonaki, A Arabidze, A Batkova, L Batusov, V Beck, HP Kuutmann, EB Biscarat, C Blanchot, G Bogush, A Bohm, C Boldea, V Bosman, M Bromberg, C Budagov, J Burckhart-Chromek, D Caprini, M Caloba, L Calvet, D Carli, T Carvalho, J Cascella, M Castelo, J Castillo, MV Cavalli-Sforza, M Cavasinni, V Cerqueira, AS Clement, C Cobal, M Cogswell, F Constantinescu, S Costanzo, D Corso-Radu, A Cuenca, C Damazio, DO Davidek, T De, K Del Prete, T Di Girolamo, B Dita, S Djobava, T Dobson, M Dotti, A Downing, R Efthymiopoulos, I Eriksson, D Errede, D Errede, S Farbin, A Fassouliotis, D Febbraro, R Fenyuk, A Ferdi, C Ferrer, A Flaminio, V Francis, D Fullana, E Gadomski, S Gameiro, S Garde, V Gellerstedt, K Giakoumopoulou, V Gildemeister, O Gilewsky, V Giokaris, N Gollub, N Gomes, A Gonzalez, V Gorini, B Grenier, P Gris, P Gruwe, M Guarino, V Guicheney, C Gupta, A Haeberli, C Hakobyan, H Haney, M Hellman, S Henriques, A Higon, E Holmgren, S Hurwitz, M Huston, J Iglesias, C Isaev, A Jen-La Plante, I Jon-And, K Joos, M Junk, T Karyukhin, A Kazarov, A Khandanyan, H Khramov, J Khubua, J Kolos, S Korolkov, I Krivkova, P Kulchitsky, Y Kurochkin, Y Kuzhir, P Le Compte, T Lefevre, R Lehmann, G Leitner, R Lembesi, M Lesser, J Li, J Liablin, M Lokajicek, M Lomakin, Y Lupi, A Maidanchik, C Maio, A Makouski, M Maliukov, S Manousakis, A Mapelli, L Marques, C Marroquim, F Martin, F Mazzoni, E Merritt, F Miagkov, A Miller, R Minashvili, I Miralles, L Montarou, G Mosidze, M Myagkov, A Nemecek, S Nessi, M Nodulman, L Nordkvist, B Norniella, O Novakova, J Onofre, A Oreglia, M Pallin, D Pantea, D Petersen, J Pilcher, J Pina, J Pinhao, J Podlyski, F Portell, X Poveda, J Pribyl, L Price, LE Proudfoot, J Ramstedt, M Richards, R Roda, C Romanov, V Rosnet, P Roy, P Ruiz, A Rumiantsev, V Russakovich, N Salto, O Salvachua, B Sanchis, E Sanders, H Santoni, C Saraiva, JG Sarri, F Satsunkevitch, I Says, LP Schlager, G Schlereth, J Seixas, JM Sellden, B Shalanda, N Shevtsov, P Shochet, M Silva, J Da Silva, P Simaitis, V Simonyan, M Sissakian, A Sjolin, J Solans, C Solodkov, A Soloviev, I Solovyanov, O Sosebee, M Spano, F Stanek, R Starchenko, E Starovoitov, P Stavina, P Suk, M Sykora, I Tang, F Tas, P Teuscher, R Tokar, S Topilin, N Torres, J Tremblet, L Tsiareshka, P Tylmad, M Underwood, D Unel, G Usai, G Valero, A Valkar, S Valls, JA Vartapetian, A Vazeille, F Vichou, I Vinogradov, V Vivarelli, I Volpi, M White, A Zaitsev, A Zenine, A Zenis, T AF Adragna, P. Alexa, C. Anderson, K. Antonaki, A. Arabidze, A. Batkova, L. Batusov, V. Beck, H. P. Kuutmann, E. Bergeaas Biscarat, C. Blanchot, G. Bogush, A. Bohm, C. Boldea, V. Bosman, M. Bromberg, C. Budagov, J. Burckhart-Chromek, D. Caprini, M. Caloba, L. Calvet, D. Carli, T. Carvalho, J. Cascella, M. Castelo, J. Castillo, M. V. Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cavasinni, V. Cerqueira, A. S. Clement, C. Cobal, M. Cogswell, F. Constantinescu, S. Costanzo, D. Corso-Radu, A. Cuenca, C. Damazio, D. O. Davidek, T. De, K. Del Prete, T. Di Girolamo, B. Dita, S. Djobava, T. Dobson, M. Dotti, A. Downing, R. Efthymiopoulos, I. Eriksson, D. Errede, D. Errede, S. Farbin, A. Fassouliotis, D. Febbraro, R. Fenyuk, A. Ferdi, C. Ferrer, A. Flaminio, V. Francis, D. Fullana, E. Gadomski, S. Gameiro, S. Garde, V. Gellerstedt, K. Giakoumopoulou, V. Gildemeister, O. Gilewsky, V. Giokaris, N. Gollub, N. Gomes, A. Gonzalez, V. Gorini, B. Grenier, P. Gris, P. Gruwe, M. Guarino, V. Guicheney, C. Gupta, A. Haeberli, C. Hakobyan, H. Haney, M. Hellman, S. Henriques, A. Higon, E. Holmgren, S. Hurwitz, M. Huston, J. Iglesias, C. Isaev, A. Jen-La Plante, I. Jon-And, K. Joos, M. Junk, T. Karyukhin, A. Kazarov, A. Khandanyan, H. Khramov, J. Khubua, J. Kolos, S. Korolkov, I. Krivkova, P. Kulchitsky, Y. Kurochkin, Yu. Kuzhir, P. Le Compte, T. Lefevre, R. Lehmann, G. Leitner, R. Lembesi, M. Lesser, J. Li, J. Liablin, M. Lokajicek, M. Lomakin, Y. Lupi, A. Maidanchik, C. Maio, A. Makouski, M. Maliukov, S. Manousakis, A. Mapelli, L. Marques, C. Marroquim, F. Martin, F. Mazzoni, E. Merritt, F. Miagkov, A. Miller, R. Minashvili, I. Miralles, L. Montarou, G. Mosidze, M. Myagkov, A. Nemecek, S. Nessi, M. Nodulman, L. Nordkvist, B. Norniella, O. Novakova, J. Onofre, A. Oreglia, M. Pallin, D. Pantea, D. Petersen, J. Pilcher, J. Pina, J. Pinhao, J. Podlyski, F. Portell, X. Poveda, J. Pribyl, L. Price, L. E. Proudfoot, J. Ramstedt, M. Richards, R. Roda, C. Romanov, V. Rosnet, P. Roy, P. Ruiz, A. Rumiantsev, V. Russakovich, N. Salto, O. Salvachua, B. Sanchis, E. Sanders, H. Santoni, C. Saraiva, J. G. Sarri, F. Satsunkevitch, I. Says, L. -P. Schlager, G. Schlereth, J. Seixas, J. M. Sellden, B. Shalanda, N. Shevtsov, P. Shochet, M. Silva, J. Da Silva, P. Simaitis, V. Simonyan, M. Sissakian, A. Sjolin, J. Solans, C. Solodkov, A. Soloviev, I. Solovyanov, O. Sosebee, M. Spano, F. Stanek, R. Starchenko, E. Starovoitov, P. Stavina, P. Suk, M. Sykora, I. Tang, F. Tas, P. Teuscher, R. Tokar, S. Topilin, N. Torres, J. Tremblet, L. Tsiareshka, P. Tylmad, M. Underwood, D. Unel, G. Usai, G. Valero, A. Valkar, S. Valls, J. A. Vartapetian, A. Vazeille, F. Vichou, I. Vinogradov, V. Vivarelli, I. Volpi, M. White, A. Zaitsev, A. Zenine, A. Zenis, T. TI Measurement of pion and proton response and longitudinal shower profiles up to 20 nuclear interaction lengths with the ATLAS Tile calorimeter SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Calorimeter; Test-beam; ATLAS; Monte Carlo simulation; GEANT4; Hadronic shower development; Pion-proton response; Longitudinal shower profile for hadrons ID HADRON CALORIMETRY; CASCADE; PHOTON AB The response of pions and protons in the energy range of 20-180 GeV, produced at CERN's SPS H8 test-beam line in the ATLAS iron-scintillator Tile hadron calorimeter, has been measured. The test-beam configuration allowed the measurement of the longitudinal shower development for pions and protons up to 20 nuclear interaction lengths. It was found that pions penetrate deeper in the calorimeter than protons. However, protons induce showers that are wider laterally to the direction of the impinging particle. Including the measured total energy response, the pion-to-proton energy ratio and the resolution, all observations are consistent with a higher electromagnetic energy fraction in pion-induced showers. The data are compared with GEANT4 simulations using several hadronic physics lists. The measured longitudinal shower profiles are described by an analytical shower parametrization within an accuracy of 5-10%. The amount of energy leaking out behind the calorimeter is determined and parametrized as a function of the beam energy and the calorimeter depth. This allows for a leakage correction of test-beam results in the standard projective geometry. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hakobyan, H.; Simonyan, M.] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. [Adragna, P.; Cascella, M.; Cavasinni, V.; Costanzo, D.; Del Prete, T.; Dotti, A.; Flaminio, V.; Lupi, A.; Mazzoni, E.; Roda, C.; Sarri, F.; Usai, G.; Vivarelli, I.] Univ Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Adragna, P.; Cascella, M.; Cavasinni, V.; Costanzo, D.; Del Prete, T.; Dotti, A.; Flaminio, V.; Lupi, A.; Mazzoni, E.; Roda, C.; Sarri, F.; Usai, G.; Vivarelli, I.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Pisa, Italy. [Alexa, C.; Boldea, V.; Caprini, M.; Constantinescu, S.; Dita, S.; Pantea, D.] Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest, Romania. [Anderson, K.; Gupta, A.; Hurwitz, M.; Jen-La Plante, I.; Merritt, F.; Oreglia, M.; Pilcher, J.; Sanders, H.; Shochet, M.; Tang, F.; Teuscher, R.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Antonaki, A.; Arabidze, A.; Fassouliotis, D.; Giakoumopoulou, V.; Giokaris, N.; Lembesi, M.; Manousakis, A.] Univ Athens, Athens, Greece. [Batkova, L.; Stavina, P.; Sykora, I.; Tokar, S.; Zenis, T.] Comenius Univ, Bratislava, Slovakia. [Batusov, V.; Budagov, J.; Khramov, J.; Khubua, J.; Kulchitsky, Y.; Liablin, M.; Lomakin, Y.; Maliukov, S.; Minashvili, I.; Romanov, V.; Russakovich, N.; Sissakian, A.; Topilin, N.; Tsiareshka, P.; Vinogradov, V.] JINR, Dubna, Russia. [Beck, H. P.; Gadomski, S.; Haeberli, C.] Univ Bern, High Energy Phys Lab, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Kuutmann, E. Bergeaas; Bohm, C.; Clement, C.; Eriksson, D.; Gellerstedt, K.; Hellman, S.; Holmgren, S.; Jon-And, K.; Lesser, J.; Nordkvist, B.; Ramstedt, M.; Sellden, B.; Sjolin, J.; Tylmad, M.] Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Biscarat, C.; Calvet, D.; Febbraro, R.; Ferdi, C.; Garde, V.; Grenier, P.; Gris, P.; Guicheney, C.; Lefevre, R.; Martin, F.; Montarou, G.; Pallin, D.; Podlyski, F.; Rosnet, P.; Roy, P.; Santoni, C.; Says, L. -P.; Vazeille, F.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, LPC Clermont Ferrand, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Bosman, M.; Cavalli-Sforza, M.; Iglesias, C.; Korolkov, I.; Miralles, L.; Norniella, O.; Portell, X.; Salto, O.; Volpi, M.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Bogush, A.; Kulchitsky, Y.; Kurochkin, Yu.; Satsunkevitch, I.; Tsiareshka, P.] Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Minsk, Byelarus. [Bromberg, C.; Huston, J.; Miller, R.; Richards, R.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Blanchot, G.; Burckhart-Chromek, D.; Carli, T.; Cobal, M.; Corso-Radu, A.; Davidek, T.; Di Girolamo, B.; Dobson, M.; Efthymiopoulos, I.; Francis, D.; Gameiro, S.; Gildemeister, O.; Gollub, N.; Gorini, B.; Grenier, P.; Gruwe, M.; Henriques, A.; Joos, M.; Lehmann, G.; Mapelli, L.; Martin, F.; Nessi, M.; Petersen, J.; Pribyl, L.; Schlager, G.; Tremblet, L.; Unel, G.] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Caloba, L.; Cerqueira, A. S.; Damazio, D. O.; Maidanchik, C.; Marroquim, F.; Seixas, J. M.; Da Silva, P.] COPPE EE UFRJ, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Carvalho, J.; Pinhao, J.] Univ Coimbra, LIP, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal. [Carvalho, J.; Pinhao, J.] Univ Coimbra, FCTUC, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal. [Castelo, J.; Castillo, M. V.; Cuenca, C.; Ferrer, A.; Fullana, E.; Gonzalez, V.; Higon, E.; Poveda, J.; Ruiz, A.; Salvachua, B.; Sanchis, E.; Solans, C.; Torres, J.; Valero, A.; Valls, J. A.] Univ Valencia, Ctr Mixto, IFIC, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. [Cogswell, F.; Downing, R.; Errede, D.; Errede, S.; Haney, M.; Junk, T.; Khandanyan, H.; Simaitis, V.; Vichou, I.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gomes, A.; Maio, A.; Marques, C.; Pina, J.; Saraiva, J. G.; Silva, J.] Univ Lisbon, LIP, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Gomes, A.; Maio, A.; Marques, C.; Pina, J.; Saraiva, J. G.; Silva, J.] Univ Lisbon, FCUL, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Davidek, T.; Krivkova, P.; Leitner, R.; Novakova, J.; Suk, M.; Tas, P.; Valkar, S.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Bromberg, C.; Huston, J.; Miller, R.; Richards, R.] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Djobava, T.; Khubua, J.; Mosidze, M.] Tbilisi State Univ, HEPI, GE-380086 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Fenyuk, A.; Isaev, A.; Karyukhin, A.; Makouski, M.; Miagkov, A.; Myagkov, A.; Shalanda, N.; Solodkov, A.; Solovyanov, O.; Starchenko, E.; Zaitsev, A.; Zenine, A.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Gilewsky, V.; Kuzhir, P.; Rumiantsev, V.; Shevtsov, P.; Starovoitov, P.] Natl Ctr Particles & High Energy Phys, Minsk, Byelarus. [Guarino, V.; Le Compte, T.; Nodulman, L.; Price, L. E.; Proudfoot, J.; Schlereth, J.; Stanek, R.; Underwood, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kazarov, A.; Kolos, S.; Soloviev, I.] PNPI, Gatchina, Russia. [Lokajicek, M.; Nemecek, S.; Pribyl, L.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Onofre, A.] Univ Catolica Figueira Foz, Figueira Foz, Portugal. [Unel, G.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Spano, F.] Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. RP Simonyan, M (reprint author), Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. EM Margar.Simonyan@cern.ch RI Lokajicek, Milos/G-7800-2014; Bosman, Martine/J-9917-2014; Alexa, Calin/F-6345-2010; Nemecek, Stanislav/C-3487-2012; Ferrer, Antonio/H-2942-2015; Torres, Jose/H-3231-2015; Kuzhir, Polina/H-8653-2012; Gonzalez Millan, Vicente/J-3023-2012; Cascella, Michele/B-6156-2013; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Pina, Joao /C-4391-2012; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Nemecek, Stanislav/G-5931-2014; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Carvalho, Joao/M-4060-2013; Fullana Torregrosa, Esteban/A-7305-2016; SANCHIS, ENRIQUE/J-7348-2016; Solodkov, Alexander/B-8623-2017; Zaitsev, Alexandre/B-8989-2017; Karyukhin, Andrey/J-3904-2014; OI Bosman, Martine/0000-0002-7290-643X; Ferrer, Antonio/0000-0003-0532-711X; Torres, Jose/0000-0002-1525-1828; Kuzhir, Polina/0000-0003-3689-0837; Gonzalez Millan, Vicente/0000-0001-6014-2586; Cascella, Michele/0000-0003-2091-2501; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Pina, Joao /0000-0001-8959-5044; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Carvalho, Joao/0000-0002-3015-7821; Fullana Torregrosa, Esteban/0000-0003-3082-621X; SANCHIS, ENRIQUE/0000-0002-9689-9131; Solodkov, Alexander/0000-0002-2737-8674; Zaitsev, Alexandre/0000-0002-4961-8368; Maio, Amelia/0000-0001-9099-0009; Karyukhin, Andrey/0000-0001-9087-4315; Gomes, Agostinho/0000-0002-5940-9893; Mendes Saraiva, Joao Gentil/0000-0002-7006-0864; Beck, Hans Peter/0000-0001-7212-1096; IGLESIAS FERNANDEZ, CARLOS ANGEL/0000-0002-1755-2712 NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 615 IS 2 BP 158 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.01.037 PG 24 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 578NG UT WOS:000276299900002 ER PT J AU Robertson, D Baker, J Bowers, M Collon, P Heise, J Keeter, K Schmitt, C Tatar, E Taylor, C Lu, W AF Robertson, D. Baker, J. Bowers, M. Collon, P. Heise, J. Keeter, K. Schmitt, C. Tatar, E. Taylor, C. Lu, W. TI Ultra-low measurements of K-40 for SNO+ utilizing accelerator mass spectrometry - Proof of principle SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 14-19, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP CEDAD, Univ Salento, CIRCE, Second Univ Naples, INNOVA, LABEC, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Abdul Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys DE AMS; SNO; MANTIS; Neutrino; Background counting AB To increase sensitivity, experiments studying rare processes such as neutrino and dark matter interactions are forced underground to achieve the ultra-low levels of radioactive background they require. In conjunction with this, Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) can be used to help select the ultra-high purity and low background required for detector materials. One project interested in such techniques is SNO+ (Sudbury Neutrino Observatory), which proposes modifying the existing SNO detector set-up to study low-energy solar neutrinos as well as other neutrino properties via double-beta decay using a liquid scintillator called linear alkylbenzene (LAB). Due to the lower energy threshold of the proposed set-up, the present materials need to be re-evaluated for K-40 concentrations. Ultra-pure copper cathodes and sample materials to be used in the new detector system were prepared at Idaho State University and Idaho National Laboratory. These materials are being tested for levels of K-40 at the Notre Dame AMS facility. Proof of principle and results from the first set of measurements are discussed in this paper. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Robertson, D.; Bowers, M.; Collon, P.; Schmitt, C.; Lu, W.] Univ Notre Dame, Nucl Sci Lab, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Baker, J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Heise, J.] Queens Univ, Dept Phys, Kingston, ON KL7 3N6, Canada. [Keeter, K.; Tatar, E.; Taylor, C.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Phys, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Robertson, D (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Nucl Sci Lab, 124 Nieuwland Sci Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM drobert4@nd.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR PY 2010 VL 268 IS 7-8 BP 718 EP 721 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2009.10.013 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 593NI UT WOS:000277462300009 ER PT J AU Rood, DH Hall, S Guilderson, TP Finkel, RC Brown, TA AF Rood, Dylan H. Hall, Sarah Guilderson, Thomas P. Finkel, Robert C. Brown, Thomas A. TI Challenges and opportunities in high-precision Be-10 measurements at CAMS SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 14-19, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP CEDAD, Univ Salento, CIRCE, Second Univ Naples, INNOVA, LABEC, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Abdul Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys DE AMS; Ion source; Efficiency; Beryllium-10 ID ION-SOURCE; CAMS/LLNL AB We determined the overall efficiency for Be-10 of the high-intensity LLNL modified Middleton cesium sputter source in combination with the CAMS FN mass spectrometer. BeO- ionization efficiency is >3%. Charge exchange efficiency including transmission through the tandem for 7.5 MeV Be+3 is similar to 34%, resulting in a total system efficiency of just over 1%. At this efficiency and with very low backgrounds, we estimate our detection limit to be similar to 1000 Be-10 atoms. Cathodes prepared with only similar to 80 mu g of Be-9 show only an similar to 33% reduction in Be-9 beam current compared to a sample with similar to 200 mu g. These same samples, prepared from 07KNSTD1032 standard material, contained 1 x 10(7) and 5 x 10(6) Be-10 atoms and exhibited similar ionization and total system efficiency. These results demonstrate the feasibility of pursuing applications that require precise measurement of samples with low Be-10 concentrations and/or small sample size. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rood, Dylan H.; Guilderson, Thomas P.; Brown, Thomas A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Rood, Dylan H.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hall, Sarah] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Guilderson, Thomas P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Guilderson, Thomas P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Finkel, Robert C.] CEREGE, F-13545 Aix En Provence 4, France. [Finkel, Robert C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rood, DH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rood5@llnl.gov NR 5 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR PY 2010 VL 268 IS 7-8 BP 730 EP 732 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2009.10.016 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 593NI UT WOS:000277462300012 ER PT J AU Buchholz, BA Biegalski, SR Whitney, SM Tumey, SJ Weaver, CJ AF Buchholz, Bruce A. Biegalski, Steven R. Whitney, Scott M. Tumey, Scott J. Weaver, C. Jordan TI Basis for developing samarium AMS for fuel cycle analysis SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 14-19, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP CEDAD, Univ Salento, CIRCE, Second Univ Naples, INNOVA, LABEC, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Abdul Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys DE Nuclear fuel cycle; Fission products; Sm-146; AMS; Samarium; ORIGEN ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NUCLEAR-FUELS; SEPARATION; LANTHANIDE; EXTRACTION; SMH2-SMH3; NEODYMIUM; SYSTEMS; BONDS; CA-41 AB Modeling of nuclear reactor fuel burnup indicates that the production of samarium isotopes can vary significantly with reactor type and fuel cycle. The isotopic concentrations of Sm-146, Sm-149, and Sm-151 are potential signatures of fuel reprocessing, if analytical techniques can overcome the inherent challenges of lanthanide chemistry, isobaric interferences, and mass/charge interferences. We review the current limitations in measurement of the target samarium isotopes and describe potential approaches for developing Sm-AMS. AMS sample form and preparation chemistry will be discussed as well as possible spectrometer operating conditions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Buchholz, Bruce A.; Tumey, Scott J.] LLNL, CAMS L397, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Biegalski, Steven R.; Whitney, Scott M.; Weaver, C. Jordan] Univ Texas Austin, Nucl Engn Teaching Lab, Austin, TX 78741 USA. RP Buchholz, BA (reprint author), LLNL, CAMS L397, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM bbuchholz@llnl.gov RI Buchholz, Bruce/G-1356-2011 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR PY 2010 VL 268 IS 7-8 BP 773 EP 775 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2009.10.027 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 593NI UT WOS:000277462300023 ER PT J AU Galindo-Uribarri, A Havener, CC Lewis, TL Liu, Y AF Galindo-Uribarri, A. Havener, C. C. Lewis, T. L. Liu, Y. TI Selective isobar suppression for accelerator mass spectrometry and radioactive ion-beam science SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 14-19, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP CEDAD, Univ Salento, CIRCE, Second Univ Naples, INNOVA, LABEC, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Abdul Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys DE Photodetachment; Isobar suppression; RF quadrupole ion guide ID NEGATIVE-IONS; FISSION FRAGMENTS AB A new method of selective isobar suppression by photodetachment in a radio-frequency quadrupole ion cooler is being developed at HRIBF with a twofold purpose: (1) increasing the AMS sensitivity for certain isotopes of interest and (2) purifying radioactive ion beams for nuclear science. The potential of suppressing the S-36 contaminants in a Cl-36 beam using this method has been explored with stable S- and Cl- ions and a Nd:YLF laser. In the study, the laser beam was directed along the experiment's beam line and through a RF quadrupole ion cooler. Negative S-32 and Cl-35 ions produced by a Cs sputter ion source were focused into the ion cooler where they were slowed by collisions with He buffer gas; this increased the interaction time between the negative-ion beam and the laser beam. As a result, suppression of S- by a factor of 3000 was obtained with about 2.5W average laser power in the cooler while no reduction in Cl- current was observed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Galindo-Uribarri, A.; Havener, C. C.; Liu, Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Galindo-Uribarri, A.; Lewis, T. L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Galindo-Uribarri, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008,MS 6368, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM uribarri@ornl.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR PY 2010 VL 268 IS 7-8 BP 834 EP 838 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2009.10.043 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 593NI UT WOS:000277462300039 ER PT J AU Merchel, S Benedetti, L Bourles, DL Braucher, R Dewald, A Faestermann, T Finkel, RC Korschinek, G Masarik, J Poutivtsev, M Rochette, P Rugel, G Zell, KO AF Merchel, S. Benedetti, L. Bourles, D. L. Braucher, R. Dewald, A. Faestermann, T. Finkel, R. C. Korschinek, G. Masarik, J. Poutivtsev, M. Rochette, P. Rugel, G. Zell, K. -O. TI A multi-radionuclide approach for in situ produced terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides: Be-10, Al-26, Cl-36 and Ca-41 from carbonate rocks SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 14-19, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP CEDAD, Univ Salento, CIRCE, Second Univ Naples, INNOVA, LABEC, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Abdul Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys DE Accelerator mass spectrometry; Terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides (TCN); Cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating AB In contrary to siliceous environments, there is a severe lack of cosmogenic nuclides, that can be used for in situ dating of calcareous environments. Thus, we have investigated other nuclides than Cl-36 as possible dating tools by cross-calibration. Cosmogenic Be-10 is highly contaminated with atmospheric Be-10 and cannot be removed quantitatively, even by a very sophisticated chemical cleaning procedure. Only working on clay-free calcite provides correct Be-10 data, giving a 2.7 times higher production rate of Be-10 from CaCO3 than from SiO2. Though, the production rate of Al-26 is only similar to 4.6% (CaCO3 relative to SiO2), Al-26 can be easily determined in calcite, as the low intrinsic Al-27 concentration yields to nearly as high Al-26/Al-27 as within corresponding quartz. The measurement of Ca-41, mainly produced via thermal-neutron-capture, is hindered by very low Ca-41/Ca:<5 x 10(-15). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Merchel, S.] Forschungszentrum Dresden Rossendorf, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. [Merchel, S.; Benedetti, L.; Bourles, D. L.; Braucher, R.; Finkel, R. C.; Rochette, P.] Univ Aix Marseille, CNRS IRD, CEREGE, F-13545 Aix En Provence, France. [Dewald, A.; Zell, K. -O.] Univ Cologne, Inst Kernphys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. [Faestermann, T.; Korschinek, G.; Poutivtsev, M.; Rugel, G.] Tech Univ Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Finkel, R. C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CAMS, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Finkel, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Masarik, J.] Comenius Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia. RP Merchel, S (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Dresden Rossendorf, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. EM s.merchel@fzd.de RI Dewald, Alfred/O-5810-2015; OI Faestermann, Thomas/0000-0002-6603-8787; Bourles, Didier/0000-0001-5991-6126; Braucher, Regis/0000-0002-4637-4302 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR PY 2010 VL 268 IS 7-8 BP 1179 EP 1184 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2009.10.128 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 593NI UT WOS:000277462300123 ER PT J AU Welten, KC Caffee, MW Hillegonds, DJ Masarik, J Nishiizumi, K AF Welten, K. C. Caffee, M. W. Hillegonds, D. J. Masarik, J. Nishiizumi, K. TI Identifying large chondrites using cosmogenic radionuclides SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 14-19, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP CEDAD, Univ Salento, CIRCE, Second Univ Naples, INNOVA, LABEC, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Abdul Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys DE Cosmogenic radionuclides; Chondrites; Production rates; Pre-atmospheric size; Model calculations ID FRONTIER MOUNTAIN; EXPOSURE HISTORY; NUCLIDES; METEORITES; BE-10 AB We measured the concentrations of the cosmogenic radionuclides Be-10, Al-26, Cl-36 and Ca-41 in the metal and stone fractions of three large chondrite showers to determine their pre-atmospheric size. Large chondrites are characterized by substantial contributions of neutron-capture Ca-41 in the stone fraction (up to similar to 2 dpm/gCa), low radionuclide concentrations in the metal fraction and high Be-10(stone)/Be-10(metal) ratios. Based on the measured concentrations in comparison with calculated cosmogenic nuclide depth profiles, using a semi-empirical and a purely physical model, we conclude that these objects had pre-atmospheric radii ranging from similar to 80 cm to >3 m. We conclude that the semi-empirical model is more reliable for spallogenic production rates in large objects, while the purely physical model is more reliable for neutron-capture products. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Caffee, M. W.] Purdue Univ, PRIME Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Welten, K. C.; Nishiizumi, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hillegonds, D. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Masarik, J.] Comenius Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, Bratislava, Slovakia. RP Caffee, MW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, PRIME Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM mcaffee@purdue.edu RI Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015 OI Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR PY 2010 VL 268 IS 7-8 BP 1185 EP 1188 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2009.10.129 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 593NI UT WOS:000277462300124 ER PT J AU Cornett, RJ Fabryka-Martin, J Cramer, JJ Andrew, HR Koslowsky, VT AF Cornett, R. J. Fabryka-Martin, J. Cramer, J. J. Andrew, H. R. Koslowsky, V. T. TI Cl-36 production and mobility in the Cigar Lake uranium deposit SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 14-19, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP CEDAD, Univ Salento, CIRCE, Second Univ Naples, INNOVA, LABEC, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Abdul Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys DE Chlorine-36; Cl-36; Uranium deposit; Hydrogeology; Neutron activation ID NORTHERN SASKATCHEWAN; CHALK-RIVER AB Can accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) studies validate risk assessments of the long-term behaviour of contaminants such as radionuclides? AMS measurements on samples from the 1.3 billion-year-old Cigar Lake uranium ore deposit provide one approach to address this question. In Cigar Lake, elevated concentrations of uranium enhance the in situ neutron flux that produces Cl-36 and other radionuclides. We calculated the production of Cl-36 using a Monte Carlo neutron transport code. We then tested for the loss of Cl-36 from ore samples collected from an 8 m stratigraphic section through the deposit by comparing the predicted values (assuming equilibrium between production and decay) with the concentrations measured by AMS. The Cl-36:Cl atom ratios within the ore were more than two orders of magnitude higher than in the surrounding host rock and ranged from 4 to 64 x 10(-12). The Cl-36 concentrations in the ore, rock, clay and fracture infilling minerals all agree with the values predicted by the Monte Carlo simulations. We conclude that Cl-36 has very limited mobility. Even in matrix adjacent to more permeable fractures, there is no evidence that the measured isotopic ratios deviate significantly from the predicted values. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cornett, R. J.; Cramer, J. J.] Hlth Canada, Radiat Protect Bur, Ottawa, ON K0A 1T0, Canada. [Fabryka-Martin, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Sci & Waste Technol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Andrew, H. R.; Koslowsky, V. T.] Bubble Technol Ind, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. RP Cornett, RJ (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Radiat Protect Bur, 775 Brookfield Rd,AL 6302A, Ottawa, ON K0A 1T0, Canada. EM jack_cornett@hc-sc.gc.ca NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR PY 2010 VL 268 IS 7-8 BP 1189 EP 1192 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2009.10.130 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 593NI UT WOS:000277462300125 ER PT J AU Links, J Palmblad, M Ognibene, T Turteltaub, K Bench, G AF Links, Jennifer Palmblad, Magnus Ognibene, Ted Turteltaub, Ken Bench, Graham TI Quantitative metabolism using AMS: Choosing a labeled precursor SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 14-19, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP CEDAD, Univ Salento, CIRCE, Second Univ Naples, INNOVA, LABEC, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Abdul Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys DE AMS; Biology; Cell labeling; Glucose; HPLC; Metabolism; NAD; Yeast ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DNA ADDUCT FORMATION; BIOCHEMICAL SAMPLES; MEIQX; PHIP; QUANTIFICATION; RODENT; TISSUE; C-14 AB Biological radioisotope studies suffer from a lack of sensitive measurement techniques and therefore traditionally require large amounts of labeled material to produce a measurable signal. Such quantities of materials are often significantly higher than naturally-occurring levels preventing these studies from replicating physiological conditions. AMS affords the sensitivity necessary to perform biological radioisotope studies with low levels of labeled material that preserve physiological conditions. The choice of labeled material can substantially affect the ease of interpretation and comprehensiveness of these studies. Here, the benefits and limitations of whole-cell labeling with C-14-glucose and targeted pathway labeling with C-14-nicotinic acid are discussed and compared. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Links, Jennifer; Ognibene, Ted; Turteltaub, Ken; Bench, Graham] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry L397, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Palmblad, Magnus] Leiden Univ, Dept Parasitol, Leiden, Netherlands. RP Bench, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry L397, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM bench1@llnl.gov RI Palmblad, Magnus/B-8649-2016 OI Palmblad, Magnus/0000-0002-5865-8994 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR013461, P41 RR013461-11]; NIGMS NIH HHS [P41 GM103483] NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR PY 2010 VL 268 IS 7-8 BP 1309 EP 1312 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2009.10.160 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 593NI UT WOS:000277462300155 PM 20368758 ER PT J AU Buchholz, BA Haack, KW Sporty, JL Buckpitt, AR Morin, D AF Buchholz, Bruce A. Haack, Kurt W. Sporty, Jennifer L. Buckpitt, Alan R. Morin, Dexter TI Free flow electrophoresis separation and AMS quantitation of C-14-naphthalene-protein adducts SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 14-19, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP CEDAD, Univ Salento, CIRCE, Second Univ Naples, INNOVA, LABEC, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Abdul Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys DE Free flow electrophoresis; FEE; AMS; Protein separation ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; BIOCHEMICAL SAMPLES; HUMAN URINE; NAPHTHALENE; METABOLITES; EXPOSURE; RATS; C-14; GRAPHITE AB Naphthalene is a volatile aromatic hydrocarbon to which humans are exposed from a variety of sources including mobile air sources and cigarette smoke. Naphthalene produces dose-(concentration)dependent injury to airway epithelial cells of murine lung which is observed at concentrations well below the current occupational exposure standard. Toxicity is dependent upon the cytochrome P450 mediated metabolic activation of the parent substrate to unstable metabolites which become bound covalently to tissue proteins. Nearly 70 proteins have been identified as forming adducts with reactive naphthalene metabolites using in vitro systems but very little work has been conducted in vivo because reasonably large amounts (100 mu Ci) of (14C) labeled parent compound must be administered to generate detectable adduct levels on storage phosphor screens following separation of labeled proteins by 2D gel electrophoresis. The work described here was done to provide proof of concept that protein separation by free flow electrophoresis followed by AMS detection of protein fractions containing protein bound reactive metabolites would provide adducted protein profiles in animals dosed with trace quantities of labeled naphthalene. Mice were administered 200 mg/kg naphthalene intraperitoneally at a calculated specific activity of 2 DPM/nmol (1 pCi/nmol) and respiratory epithelial tissue was obtained by lysis lavage 4 h post injection. Free flow electrophoresis (FFE) separates proteins in the liquid phase over a large pH range (2.5-11.5) using low molecular weight acids and bases to modify the pH. The apparatus separates fractions into standard 96-well plates that can be used in other protein analysis techniques. The buffers of the fractions have very high carbon content, however, and need to be dialyzed to yield buffers compatible with C-14-AMS. We describe the processing techniques required to couple FFE to AMS for quantitation of protein adducts. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Buchholz, Bruce A.; Haack, Kurt W.; Sporty, Jennifer L.] LLNL, Ctr AMS, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Buckpitt, Alan R.; Morin, Dexter] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Mol Biosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Buchholz, BA (reprint author), LLNL, Ctr AMS, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM bbuchholz@llnl.gov RI Buchholz, Bruce/G-1356-2011 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR013461, P41 RR013461-10]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES004699, P42 ES004699-23S49004]; NIGMS NIH HHS [P41 GM103483] NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR PY 2010 VL 268 IS 7-8 BP 1324 EP 1327 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2009.10.164 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 593NI UT WOS:000277462300159 PM 20454606 ER PT J AU Xi, WZ Seidel, J Kakareka, JW Pohida, TJ Milenic, DE Proffitt, J Majewski, S Weisenberger, AG Green, MV Choyke, PL AF Xi, Wenze Seidel, Jurgen Kakareka, John W. Pohida, Thomas J. Milenic, Diane E. Proffitt, James Majewski, Stan Weisenberger, Andrew G. Green, Michael V. Choyke, Peter L. TI MONICA: a compact, portable dual gamma camera system for mouse whole-body imaging SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MONICA; Small animal imaging; Cancer drug development; Mouse whole-body imaging; Miniature gamma cameras; Single photon imaging AB Introduction: We describe a compact, portable dual-gamma camera system (named "MONICA" for MObile Nuclear Imaging CAmeras) for visualizing and analyzing the whole-body biodistribution of putative diagnostic and therapeutic single photon emitting radiotracers in animals the size of mice. Methods: Two identical, miniature pixelated Na(TI) gamma cameras were fabricated and installed "looking up" through the tabletop of a compact portable cart. Mice are placed directly on the tabletop for imaging. Camera imaging performance was evaluated with phantoms and field performance was evaluated in a weeklong In-111 imaging study performed in a mouse tumor xenograft model. Results: Tc-99m performance measurements, using a photopeak energy window of 140 keV +/- 10%, yielded the following results: spatial resolution (FWHM at 1 cm), 2.2 mm; sensitivity, 149 cps (counts per seconds)/MBq (5.5 cps/mu Ci); energy resolution (FWHM, full width at half maximum). 10.8%; count rate linearity (count rate vs. activity), r(2)=0.99 for 0-185 MBq (0-5 mCi) in the field of view (FOV); spatial uniformity, <3% count rate variation across the FOV. Tumor and whole-body distributions of the In-111 agent were well visualized in all animals in 5-min images acquired throughout the 168-h study period. Conclusion: Performance measurements indicate that MONICA is well suited to whole-body single photon mouse imaging. The field study suggests that inter-device communications and user-oriented interfaces included in the MONICA design facilitate use of the system in practice. We believe that MONICA may be particularly useful early in the (cancer) drug development cycle where basic whole-body biodistribution data can direct future development of the agent under study and where logistical factors, e.g., limited imaging space, portability and, potentially, cost are important. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Xi, Wenze; Seidel, Jurgen; Green, Michael V.; Choyke, Peter L.] Natl Canc Inst, Mol Imaging Program, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Xi, Wenze; Seidel, Jurgen; Green, Michael V.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Frederick, MD USA. [Kakareka, John W.; Pohida, Thomas J.] NIH, Signal Proc & Instrumentat Sect, Div Computat Biosci, Ctr Informat Technol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Milenic, Diane E.] Natl Canc Inst, Radioimmune & Inorgan Chem Sect, Radiat Oncol Branch, Ctr Canc Res,NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Proffitt, James] Adapt IO Technol, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Majewski, Stan] W Virginia Univ, Dept Radiol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Weisenberger, Andrew G.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Radiat Detectors & Imaging Grp, Newport News, VA USA. RP Choyke, PL (reprint author), Natl Canc Inst, Mol Imaging Program, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM pchoyke@mail.nih.gov OI Kakareka, John/0000-0003-0072-0035 FU National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health [HHSN261200800001E] FX Financial support: This project has been funded in whole or in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under contract HHSN261200800001E. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0969-8051 J9 NUCL MED BIOL JI Nucl. Med. Biol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 37 IS 3 BP 245 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2009.12.003 PG 9 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 581VB UT WOS:000276551800002 PM 20346864 ER PT J AU Millener, DJ AF Millener, D. J. TI Shell-model structure of light hypernuclei SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Tokai, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Global COE Program, J PARC Ctr, Japan Soc Promot Sci, RIKEN, Nishina Ctr Accelerator Based Sci DE Hypernuclei; Shell-model ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; P-SHELL; NUCLEI AB The status of shell-model calculations that include both Lambda and Sigma configurations with p-shell cores to interpret gamma-ray transitions in (7)(Lambda)Li, (9)(Lambda)Be, (10)(Lambda)B, (12)(Lambda)C, (15)(Lambda)N, and (16)(Lambda)O observed with the Hyperball array of Ge detectors is discussed with an emphasis on new data for (12)(Lambda)C and (11)(Lambda)B from KEK E566. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Millener, DJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM millener@bnl.gov NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 835 IS 1-4 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2010.01.169 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 584RO UT WOS:000276770500003 ER PT J AU Cusanno, F Acha, A Bydzovsky, P Chang, CC Cisbani, E De Jager, CW De Leo, R Frullani, S Garibaldi, F Higinbotham, DW Iodice, M LeRose, JJ Markowitz, P Marrone, S Sotona, M Urciuoli, GM AF Cusanno, F. Acha, A. Bydzovsky, P. Chang, C. C. Cisbani, E. De Jager, C. W. De Leo, R. Frullani, S. Garibaldi, F. Higinbotham, D. W. Iodice, M. LeRose, J. J. Markowitz, P. Marrone, S. Sotona, M. Urciuoli, G. M. CA Hall A Collaboration TI Update of High Resolution (e, e ' K+) Hypernuclear Spectroscopy at Jefferson Lab's Hall A SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Tokai, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Global COE Program, J PARC Ctr, Japan Soc Promot Sci, RIKEN, Nishina Ctr Accelerator Based Sci DE Hypernuclei; Electroproduction reactions ID STRANGENESS AB Updated results of the experiment E94-107 hypernuclear spectroscopy in Hall A of the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab), are presented. The experiment provides high resolution spectra of excitation energy for B-12(Lambda), N-16(Lambda), and Li-9(Lambda) hypernuclei obtained by electroproduction of strangeness. A new theoretical calculation for B-12(Lambda), final results for N-16(Lambda), and discussion of the preliminary results of Li-9(Lambda) are reported. C1 [Cisbani, E.; Frullani, S.; Garibaldi, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, Gr Sanita Coll, Rome, Italy. [Acha, A.; Markowitz, P.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 32306 USA. [Bydzovsky, P.; Sotona, M.] Inst Nucl Phys, Rez Near Prague, Czech Republic. [Chang, C. C.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD, Czech Republic. [Cisbani, E.; Frullani, S.; Garibaldi, F.] Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [De Jager, C. W.; Higinbotham, D. W.; LeRose, J. J.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [De Leo, R.; Marrone, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [De Leo, R.; Marrone, S.] Dipartimento Fis, Bari, Italy. [Iodice, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tre, Rome, Italy. RP Cusanno, F (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept & Excellence Cluster Universe E12, D-8046 Garching, Germany. EM cusanno@jlab.org RI Higinbotham, Douglas/J-9394-2014; Cisbani, Evaristo/C-9249-2011; Bydzovsky, Petr/G-8600-2014 OI Higinbotham, Douglas/0000-0003-2758-6526; Cisbani, Evaristo/0000-0002-6774-8473; NR 8 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 835 IS 1-4 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2010.01.185 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 584RO UT WOS:000276770500019 ER PT J AU Gubler, P Jido, D Kojo, T Nishikawa, T Oka, M AF Gubler, Philipp Jido, Daisuke Kojo, Toru Nishikawa, Tetsuo Oka, Makoto TI S=+1 pentaquarks in QCD sum rules SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Tokai, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Global COE Program, J PARC Ctr, Japan Soc Promot Sci, RIKEN, Nishina Ctr Accelerator Based Sci DE QCD sum rules; Pentaquark baryons ID RESONANCE AB We study pentaquark states with strangeness S = +1 and 1 J(pi) = 0(1)/(+/-)(2), 1(1)/(+/-)(2), 0(3)/(+/-)(2), 1(3)/(+/-)(2) within the QCD sum rule technique. In order to obtain reliable results with this method, it is indispensable to establish a valid Borel window, where the operator product expansion (OPE) converges and the presumed ground state pole dominates the sum rules. By constructing the sum rules from the difference of two carefully chosen independent correlators and calculating the OPE up to dimension 14, such a Borel window can be established. This then leads to our main conclusion that the state with qantum numbers 0(3)/(+)(2) appears to be the most probable candidate for the experimentally observed Theta(+)(1540). Furthermore, states with 0(1)/(+)(2), 1(1)/(-)(2), 0(3)/(+)(2), are also obtained at slightly higher mass regions. C1 [Gubler, Philipp; Oka, Makoto] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Jido, Daisuke] Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Kojo, Toru] Brookhaven Natl Lab, RBRC, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Nishikawa, Tetsuo] Ryotokuji Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Chiba 2798567, Japan. RP Gubler, P (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, H-27, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. RI Gubler, Philipp/E-3094-2015 OI Gubler, Philipp/0000-0002-0991-8462 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 835 IS 1-4 BP 342 EP 345 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2010.01.214 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 584RO UT WOS:000276770500049 ER PT J AU Ikeda, Y Kamano, H Sato, T AF Ikeda, Yoichi Kamano, Hiroyuki Sato, Toru TI On the resonance energy of the strange dibaryon SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Tokai, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Global COE Program, J PARC Ctr, Japan Soc Promot Sci, RIKEN, Nishina Ctr Accelerator Based Sci DE Many-body scattering and Faddeev equation; Kaon-baryon interactions AB The three-body resonance energies of the strange dibaryon are studied with the (K) over bar NN - pi YN coupled-channels Faddeev equations. Our resonance energies are compared with those of an effective potential approach (EPA), where a coupling to the pi YN channel is simulated by an effective (K) over barN potential, and the spectator momentum in the pi YN Green function is neglected. About a 30% reduction of the binding energies due to neglecting the spectator momentum in the pi YN Green's function is observed. C1 [Ikeda, Yoichi] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Ikeda, Yoichi] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Cem Res, Nishina Ctr Accelerator Based Sci, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Kamano, Hiroyuki] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Sato, Toru] Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. RP Ikeda, Y (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 835 IS 1-4 BP 386 EP 389 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2010.01.225 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 584RO UT WOS:000276770500060 ER PT J AU Fensin, ML Hendricks, JS Anghaie, S AF Fensin, Michael L. Hendricks, John S. Anghaie, Samim TI THE ENHANCEMENTS AND TESTING FOR THE MCNPX 2.6.0 DEPLETION CAPABILITY SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants (ICAPP) CY JUN 08-12, 2008 CL Anaheim, CA DE burnup; MCNPX; depletion ID SYSTEM; CODE AB Monte Carlo-linked depletion methods have gained recent interest due to the ability to model complex three-dimensional geometries using continuous-energy cross sections. The integration of CINDER90 into the MCNPX Monte Carlo radiation transport code provides a completely self-contained Monte Carlo-linked depletion capability in a single Monte Carlo code that is compatible with most nuclear criticality (KCODE) particle tracking features in MCNPX. MCNPX depletion tracks all necessary reaction rates and follows as many isotopes as cross-section data permit. The objective of this work is (a) describe the MCNPX depletion methodology dating from the original linking of MONTEBURNS and MCNP to the first public release of the integrated capability (MCNPX 2.6.B, June 2006) that has been reported previously, (b) further detail the many new depletion capability enhancements since then leading to the present Radiation Safety Information Computational Center (RSICC) release, MCNPX 2.6.0, (c) report calculation results for the H. B. Robinson benchmark, and (d) detail new features available in MCNPX 2.7.A. Each version of MCNPX depletion starting from MCNPX 2.6.A leading to the official RSICC release of MCNPX 2.6.0 and the new beta release MCNPX 2.7.A included significant upgrades that addressed key issues from earlier versions. This paper details these key issues and the approach utilized to address the issues as enhancements for MCNPX 2.6.0. The MCNPX 2.6.0 depletion capability enhancements include (a) allowing the modeling of as large a system as computer memory capacity permits; (b) tracking every fission product available in ENDF/B VII.0; (c) enabling depletion in repeated structures geometries such as repeated arrays of fuel pins; (d) including metastable isotopes in burnup; and (e) manually changing the concentrations of any isotope during any time step by specified atom fraction, weight fraction, atom density, or gram density. These enhancements allow better detail to model the true system physics as well as to improve the robustness of the capability. H. B. Robinson benchmark calculations were completed to assess the validity of nuclide predictability of MCNPX 2.6.0. The results show comparisons of key actinide and fission products as compared to experiment and the SCALE-4 SAS2H sequence 27-group cross-section library (27BURNUPLIB) results. MCNPX 2.6.0 depletion results are within 4% of the experimental results for most major actinides. Two major depletion enhancements are available in the MCNPX 2.7.A beta release: improved 63-group flux querying and parallelization of the burnup interface routines in multiprocessor mode. Fixing the energy group querying routine does correctly tally the energy flux for use with isotopes not containing transport cross sections; however, results show <1% change in nuclide prediction for the benchmark test case. MCNPX 2.7.A parallelizes the depletion interface routines and running of CINDER90 so that different burnable regions of a given depletion system can be preprocessed, burned, and postprocessed on separate slave processors. The parallelization involves minimal communication between processors anti therefore leads to significant computational performance enhancement. The combination of new enhancements and testing of the MCNPX 2.6.0 depletion computational system make this capability a valuable Monte Carlo-linked depletion tool. Additional testing and feature enhancements are under development to further improve the usefulness of the computational tool. C1 [Fensin, Michael L.; Hendricks, John S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MCNPX Code Dev Grp D 5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fensin, Michael L.; Anghaie, Samim] Univ Florida, Dept Nucl & Radiol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Fensin, ML (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MCNPX Code Dev Grp D 5, N-4,X-3,MS E540, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mfensin@lanl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Nuclear Energy; Global Nuclear Energy Partnership Program FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, Global Nuclear Energy Partnership Program. The authors acknowledge G. McKinney, M. Miller, P. Santi, and S. Tobin from LANL for their guidance and suggestions in the methodology development of the capability enhancements. The authors also thank T. Marcille from LANL and B. Ade from Purdue University for their help in generating the ENDF/B VIL.0 cross sections used in the H. B. Robinson benchmark calculations. The authors further acknowledge H. Trellue, S. Holloway, and W. B. Wilson from LANL and G. Zimmerman for their support in the development of CINDER90. Finally, the authors thank C. Whitmer from Whitmer Consulting, LLC, for identifying the bug regarding the energy structure for the 63-group flux calculation. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 EI 1943-7471 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 170 IS 1 BP 68 EP 79 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 573OW UT WOS:000275924900007 ER PT J AU Triplett, BS Anghaie, S White, MC AF Triplett, Brian S. Anghaie, Samim White, Morgan C. TI DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATED TESTING SYSTEM FOR VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION OF NUCLEAR DATA AND SIMULATION CODE SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants (ICAPP) CY JUN 08-12, 2008 CL Anaheim, CA DE verification and validation; automation; nuclear data ID ENDF/B-VII.0 AB Verification and validation (V&V) of nuclear data are critical to the accuracy of both stochastic and deterministic particle transport codes. To effectively test a set of nuclear data, the data must be applied to a wide variety of transport problems. Performing this task in a timely, efficient manner is tedious. The nuclear data team at Los Alamos National Laboratory in collaboration with the University of Florida has developed a methodology to automate the process of nuclear data V&V This automated V&V process can efficiently test a number of data libraries using well-defined benchmark experiments, such as those in the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiment Project. The process is implemented through an integrated set of Python scripts. Material and geometry data are read from an existing medium or given directly by the user to generate a benchmark experiment template file. The user specifies the choice of benchmark, templates, codes, and libraries to form a V&V project. The Python scripts automatically generate input decks for multiple transport codes, run and monitor individual jobs, and parse the relevant output. The output can then be used to generate reports directly or can be stored in a database for later analysis. This methodology eases the burden on the user by reducing the amount of time and effort required for obtaining and compiling calculation results. The resource savings by using this automated methodology could potentially be an enabling technology for more sophisticated data studies, such as nuclear data uncertainty quantification. Once deployed, this tool will allow the nuclear data community to more thoroughly test data libraries leading to higher-fidelity data in the future. C1 [Triplett, Brian S.; Anghaie, Samim] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [White, Morgan C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Triplett, BS (reprint author), Univ Florida, POB 116502, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM triplett@ufl.edu FU nuclear data team at LANL FX The authors would like to thank the nuclear data team at LANL for their support and funding of this project. Aside from the listed authors, other individuals who made a significant contribution include K. Triplett, A. Herring, D. Coombs, D. Pimental, R. Little, C. Sommer, and J. Hopkins. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 EI 1943-7471 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 170 IS 1 BP 80 EP 89 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 573OW UT WOS:000275924900008 ER PT J AU Alexandrov, BS Gelev, V Yoo, SW Alexandrov, LB Fukuyo, Y Bishop, AR Rasmussen, KO Usheva, A AF Alexandrov, Boian S. Gelev, Vladimir Yoo, Sang Wook Alexandrov, Ludmil B. Fukuyo, Yayoi Bishop, Alan R. Rasmussen, Kim O. Usheva, Anny TI DNA dynamics play a role as a basal transcription factor in the positioning and regulation of gene transcription initiation SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RNA-POLYMERASE-II; THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE PROMOTER; CORE PROMOTER; BINDING; MODEL; DENATURATION; STACKING; ELEMENT; YY1 AB We assess the role of DNA breathing dynamics as a determinant of promoter strength and transcription start site (TSS) location. We compare DNA Langevin dynamic profiles of representative gene promoters, calculated with the extended non-linear PBD model of DNA with experimental data on transcription factor binding and transcriptional activity. Our results demonstrate that DNA dynamic activity at the TSS can be suppressed by mutations that do not affect basal transcription factor binding-DNA contacts. We use this effect to establish the separate contributions of transcription factor binding and DNA dynamics to transcriptional activity. Our results argue against a purely 'transcription factor-centric' view of transcription initiation, suggesting that both DNA dynamics and transcription factor binding are necessary conditions for transcription initiation. C1 [Gelev, Vladimir; Yoo, Sang Wook; Alexandrov, Ludmil B.; Fukuyo, Yayoi; Usheva, Anny] Harvard Univ, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Alexandrov, Boian S.; Bishop, Alan R.; Rasmussen, Kim O.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Alexandrov, Boian S.; Bishop, Alan R.; Rasmussen, Kim O.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Usheva, A (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM ausheva@bidmc.harvard.edu RI Rasmussen, Kim/B-5464-2009; Alexandrov, Boian/D-2488-2010; Alexandrov, Ludmil/B-6582-2014 OI Rasmussen, Kim/0000-0002-4029-4723; Alexandrov, Boian/0000-0001-8636-4603; Alexandrov, Ludmil/0000-0003-3596-4515 FU National Institutes of Health [GM073911]; US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX National Institutes of Health (GM073911 to A. U.); National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory (Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396). Funding for open access charge: DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 29 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD APR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1790 EP 1795 DI 10.1093/nar/gkp1084 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 578PB UT WOS:000276304600012 PM 20019064 ER PT J AU Mulligan, EA Hatchwell, E McCorkle, SR Dunn, JJ AF Mulligan, Elizabeth A. Hatchwell, Eli McCorkle, Sean R. Dunn, John J. TI Differential binding of Escherichia coli McrA protein to DNA sequences that contain the dinucleotide m5CpG SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CPG BINDING; METHYLATED DNA; CYTOSINE METHYLATION; MAMMALIAN DNA; SRA DOMAIN; RESTRICTION; ISLANDS; K-12; 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE; 5-METHYLCYTOSINE AB The Escherichia coli McrA protein, a putative C(5)-methylcytosine/C(5)-hydroxyl methylcytosine-specific nuclease, binds DNA with symmetrically methylated HpaII sequences (Cm5CGG), but its precise recognition sequence remains undefined. To determine McrA's binding specificity, we cloned and expressed recombinant McrA with a C-terminal StrepII tag (rMcrA-S) to facilitate protein purification and affinity capture of human DNA fragments with m5C residues. Sequence analysis of a subset of these fragments and electrophoretic mobility shift assays with model methylated and unmethylated oligonucleotides suggest that N(Y > R) m5CGR is the canonical binding site for rMcrA-S. In addition to binding HpaII-methylated double-stranded DNA, rMcrA-S binds DNA containing a single, hemimethylated HpaII site; however, it does not bind if A, C, T or U is placed across from the m5C residue, but does if I is opposite the m5C. These results provide the first systematic analysis of McrA's in vitro binding specificity. C1 [McCorkle, Sean R.; Dunn, John J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Mulligan, Elizabeth A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Hatchwell, Eli] SUNY Stony Brook, Genom Core Facil, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Dunn, JJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jdunn@bnl.gov FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Award at Brookhaven National Laboratory; Low Dose Radiation Research Program of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research program of the US Department of Energy; National Institutes of Health [U01-AI56480]; U. S. Department of Energy and National Institutes of Health [U01-AI56480] FX Laboratory Directed Research and Development Award at Brookhaven National Laboratory; the Low Dose Radiation Research Program of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research program of the US Department of Energy; and by the National Institutes of Health (grant U01-AI56480 to J. J. D.). Funding for open access charge: Office of Biological and Environmental Research program of the U. S. Department of Energy and National Institutes of Health (grant U01-AI56480 to J. J. D.). NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD APR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1997 EP 2005 DI 10.1093/nar/gkp1120 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 578PB UT WOS:000276304600029 PM 20015968 ER PT J AU Falgout, RD AF Falgout, Robert D. TI Multigrid methods SO NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material DE multigrid; algebraic multigrid AB This special issue contains papers from the Fourteenth Copper Mountain Conference on Multigrid Methods, held in the Colorado Rocky Mountains on March 22-27, 2009. The papers address a variety of applications and cover a breadth of topics, ranging from theory to high-performance computing. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Falgout, RD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rfalgout@llnl.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1070-5325 J9 NUMER LINEAR ALGEBR JI Numer. Linear Algebr. Appl. PD APR PY 2010 VL 17 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 175 EP 178 DI 10.1002/nla.712 PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 581VK UT WOS:000276552800001 ER PT J AU Yang, UM AF Yang, Ulrike Meier TI On long-range interpolation operators for aggressive coarsening SO NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE algebraic muligrid; long-range interpolation; aggressive coarsening; parallel computing ID ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS AB Algebraic multigrid (AMG) is a very efficient scalable preconditioner for solving sparse linear systems on unstructured grids. Currently, AMG solvers with good numerical scalability can still have larger than desired complexities, whereas variants with very low complexities exhibit decreased numerical scalability, which presents a problem for future high-performance computers with millions of cores and decreased memory per core. It is therefore necessary to design more sophisticated interpolation operators to improve numerical scalability while preserving low memory usage. Two new long-range interpolation operators to be used in combination with aggressive coarsening are presented. Their convergence and performance are examined and compared with multipass interpolation, the interpolation currently most commonly used with aggressive coarsening, and a higher complexity AMG variant. While the new interpolation operators require a more complex setup, leading to larger setup times, they exhibit better convergence than multipass interpolation, often resulting in better solve times. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Yang, UM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Box 808,L-560, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM umyang@llnl.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1070-5325 J9 NUMER LINEAR ALGEBR JI Numer. Linear Algebr. Appl. PD APR PY 2010 VL 17 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 453 EP 472 DI 10.1002/nla.689 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 581VK UT WOS:000276552800016 ER PT J AU Baker, AH Kolev, TV Yang, UM AF Baker, A. H. Kolev, Tz. V. Yang, U. M. TI Improving algebraic multigrid interpolation operators for linear elasticity problems SO NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE algebraic multigrid; linear elasticity; rigid body mode interpolation ID AMG AB Linear systems arising from discretizations of systems of partial differential equations can be challenging for algebraic multigrid (AMG), as the design of AMG relies on assumptions based on the near-nullspace properties of scalar diffusion problems. For elasticity applications, the near-nullspace of the operator includes the so-called rigid body modes (RBMs), which are not adequately represented by the classical AMG interpolation operators. In this paper we investigate several approaches for improving AMG convergence on linear elasticity problems by explicitly incorporating the near-nullspace modes in the range of the interpolation. In particular, we propose two new methods for extending any initial AMG interpolation operator to exactly fit the RBMs based on the introduction of additional coarse degrees of freedom at each node. Though the methodology is general and can be used to fit any set of near-nullspace vectors, we focus on the RBMs of linear elasticity in this paper. The new methods can be incorporated easily into existing AMG codes, do not require matrix inversions, and do not assume an aggregation approach or a finite element framework. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the new interpolation operators on several 2D and 3D elasticity problems. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Baker, A. H.; Kolev, Tz. V.; Yang, U. M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Baker, AH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Box 808 L-560, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM abaker@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-JRNL-412928)] FX Contract/grant sponsor: U.S. Department of Energy; contract/grant number: DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-JRNL-412928) NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1070-5325 J9 NUMER LINEAR ALGEBR JI Numer. Linear Algebr. Appl. PD APR PY 2010 VL 17 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 495 EP 517 DI 10.1002/nla.688 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 581VK UT WOS:000276552800018 ER PT J AU Dendy, JE Moulton, JD AF Dendy, J. E., Jr. Moulton, J. D. TI Black Box Multigrid with coarsening by a factor of three SO NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE multigrid; algebraic multigrid; variational coarsening ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; SMOOTHED AGGREGATION; ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS; COEFFICIENTS; CONVERGENCE; MESHES AB Black Box Multigrid (BoxMG) is a robust variational multigrid solver for diffusion equations on logically structured grids. BoxMG standardly uses coarsening by a factor of two. It handles cell-centered discretizations on logically rectangular grids by treating the cell-centers as the unknowns to be coarsened. Such a strategy does not preserve the cell structure. That is, coarse-grid cells are not the union of fine-grid cells. In some applications, such as local grid refinement, it is desirable that the cell structure be preserved. In this paper, we develop a method that employs coarsening by a factor of three. It is a natural generalization of standard BoxMG, using operator-induced interpolation (which approximately preserves the continuity of the normal flux), restriction as the transpose of interpolation, and Galerkin coarsening. In addition, we introduce a new colored block Gauss Seidel scheme that is motivated by the form of the interpolation operator, dubbed 'pattern' relaxation. We present numerical results that demonstrate robustness of this method with respect to discontinuous diffusion coefficients, boundary conditions, and grid dimension. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Moulton, J. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moulton, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS-B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM moulton@lanl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; DOE Office of Science Advanced Computing Research (ASCR) FX Contract grant/sponsor: U.S. Department of Energy; contract grant/number: DE-AC52-06NA25396; This work was funded by the Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under contracts DE-AC52-06NA25396 and the DOE Office of Science Advanced Computing Research (ASCR) program in Applied Mathematical Sciences. The authors thank the referees for their constructive comments that improved this paper. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1070-5325 EI 1099-1506 J9 NUMER LINEAR ALGEBR JI Numer. Linear Algebr. Appl. PD APR PY 2010 VL 17 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 577 EP 598 DI 10.1002/nla.705 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 581VK UT WOS:000276552800022 ER PT J AU Creanga, AA Johnson, TF Graitcer, SB Hartman, LK Al-Samarrai, T Schwarz, AG Chu, SY Sackoff, JE Jamieson, DJ Fine, AD Shapiro-Mendoza, CK Jones, LE Uyeki, TM Balter, S Bish, CL Finelli, L Honein, MA AF Creanga, Andreea A. Johnson, Tamisha F. Graitcer, Samuel B. Hartman, Laura K. Al-Samarrai, Teeb Schwarz, Aviva G. Chu, Susan Y. Sackoff, Judith E. Jamieson, Denise J. Fine, Anne D. Shapiro-Mendoza, Carrie K. Jones, Lucretia E. Uyeki, Timothy M. Balter, Sharon Bish, Connie L. Finelli, Lyn Honein, Margaret A. TI Severity of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection in Pregnant Women SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES ACIP; CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS; EMERGING INFECTIONS; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; A(H1N1); RECOMMENDATIONS; PREVENTION; HUMANS; IMPACT AB OBJECTIVE: To examine 2009 H1N1 influenza illness severity and the effect of antiviral treatment on the severity of illness among pregnant women. METHODS: We abstracted medical records from hospitalized pregnant (n = 62) and nonpregnant (n = 74) women with laboratory-confirmed 2009 H1N1 influenza in New York City, May through June 2009. We compared characteristics of pregnant and nonpregnant women and of severe and moderate influenza illness among pregnant women, with severe defined as illness resulting in intensive care admission or death. RESULTS: The 2009 H1N1 hospitalization rate was significantly higher among pregnant than nonpregnant women (55.3 compared with 7.7 per 100,000 population). Eight pregnant (including two deaths) and 16 nonpregnant (including four deaths) cases were severe. Pregnant women represented 6.4% of hospitalized cases and 4.3% of deaths caused by 2009 H1N1 influenza. Only 1 in 30 (3.3%) pregnant women who received oseltamivir treatment within 2 days of symptom onset had severe illness compared with 3 of 14 (21.4%) and four of nine (44.4%) pregnant women who started treatment 3-4 days and 5 days or more after symptom onset, respectively (P = .002 for trend). Severe and moderate 2009 H1N1 influenza illness occurred in all pregnancy trimesters, but most women (54.8%) were in the third trimester. Twenty-two women delivered during their influenza hospitalization, and severe neonatal outcomes (neonatal intensive care unit admission or death) occurred among five of six (83.3%) women with severe illness compared with 2 of 16 (12.5%) women with moderate illness (P = .004). CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight the potential for severe illness and adverse neonatal outcomes among pregnant 2009 H1N1 influenza-infected women and suggest the benefit of early oseltamivir treatment. (Obstet Gynecol 2010; 115: 717-26) C1 [Creanga, Andreea A.] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Creanga, AA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM acreanga@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 143 Z9 152 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 115 IS 4 BP 717 EP 726 DI 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181d57947 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 580QH UT WOS:000276463700007 PM 20308830 ER PT J AU Winne, CT Willson, JD Gibbons, JW AF Winne, Christopher T. Willson, John D. Gibbons, J. Whitfield TI Drought survival and reproduction impose contrasting selection pressures on maximum body size and sexual size dimorphism in a snake, Seminatrix pygaea SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Cost of reproduction; Natural selection; Prey abundance; Sexual selection; Tradeoffs ID FREE-RANGING PYTHONS; EVAPORATIVE WATER-LOSS; EUROPEAN GRASS SNAKES; MALE MATING SUCCESS; BLACK SWAMP SNAKE; NERODIA-SIPEDON; MARINE IGUANAS; NORTHERN WATERSNAKES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ISOLATED WETLAND AB The causes and consequences of body size and sexual size dimorphism (SSD) have been central questions in evolutionary ecology. Two, often opposing selective forces are suspected to act on body size in animals: survival selection and reproductive (fecundity and sexual) selection. We have recently identified a system where a small aquatic snake species (Seminatrix pygaea) is capable of surviving severe droughts by aestivating within dried, isolated wetlands. We tested the hypothesis that the lack of aquatic prey during severe droughts would impose significant survivorship pressures on S. pygaea, and that the largest individuals, particularly females, would be most adversely affected by resource limitation. Our findings suggest that both sexes experience selection against large body size during severe drought when prey resources are limited, as nearly all S. pygaea are absent from the largest size classes and maximum body size and SSD are dramatically reduced following drought. Conversely, strong positive correlations between maternal body size and reproductive success in S. pygaea suggest that females experience fecundity selection for large size during non-drought years. Collectively, our study emphasizes the dynamic interplay between selection pressures that act on body size and supports theoretical predictions about the relationship between body size and survivorship in ectotherms under conditions of resource limitation. C1 [Winne, Christopher T.; Willson, John D.; Gibbons, J. Whitfield] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Winne, CT (reprint author), 8901 Verona Trail, Austin, TX 78749 USA. EM ctwinne@gmail.com FU University of Georgia Animal Care and Use Committee [A2003-10024]; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources [56-2003]; US Department of Energy [DE-FC09-07SR22506] FX We thank Luke Fedewa for field assistance. Richard Seigel and Ray Loraine graciously provided population data from the 1980s. Brian Todd provided insightful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. All procedures used in the study were approved by the University of Georgia Animal Care and Use Committee (no. A2003-10024) and by the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (collection permits no. 56-2003). This research was supported in part by the US Department of Energy through Financial Assistance Award no. DE-FC09-07SR22506 to the University of Georgia Research Foundation. This study complies with the current laws of the United States of America. NR 68 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 8 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD APR PY 2010 VL 162 IS 4 BP 913 EP 922 DI 10.1007/s00442-009-1513-8 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 571KB UT WOS:000275749600010 PM 19967417 ER PT J AU Langland, GT Yannone, SM Langland, RA Nakao, A Guan, YH Long, SBT Vonguyen, L Chen, DJ Gray, JW Chen, FQ AF Langland, Gregory T. Yannone, Steven M. Langland, Rachel A. Nakao, Aki Guan, Yinghui Long, Sydney B. T. Vonguyen, Lien Chen, David J. Gray, Joe W. Chen, Fanqing TI Radiosensitivity profiles from a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines exhibiting genetic alterations in p53 and disparate DNA-dependent protein kinase activities SO ONCOLOGY REPORTS LA English DT Article DE ovarian cancer; non-homologous end joining; p53; p21; DNA-PK; DNA-PKcs; Ku; Ku70; Ku80; XRCC4; Ligase IV; radioresistance; radiosensitivity; apoptosis; double-strand break repair; microarray; comparative genomic hybridization ID EXPRESSION; THERAPY; CARCINOMA; RADIATION; NECK; HEAD AB The variability of radiation responses in ovarian tumors and tumor-derived cell lines is poorly understood. Since both DNA repair capacity and p53 Status call significantly alter radiation sensitivity, we evaluated these factors along with radiation sensitivity in a panel of sporadic human ovarian carcinoma cell lines. We observed a gradation of radiation sensitivity among these sixteen lines, with a five-fold difference in the LD(50) between the most radiosensitive and the most radioresistant cells. The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is essential for the repair of radiation induced DNA double-strand breaks in human somatic cells. Therefore, we measured gene copy number, expression levels, protein abundance, genomic Copy and kinase activity for DNA-PK in all Of Our cell lines. While there were detectable differences in DNA-PK between the cell lines, there was no clear correlation with any of these differences and radiation sensitivity. In contrast, p53 function as determined by two independent methods, correlated well with radiation sensitivity, indicating p53 Mutant ovarian cancer cells are typically radioresistant relative to p53 wild-type lines. These data suggest that the activity of regulatory molecules Such as p53 may be better indicators of radiation sensitivity than DNA repair enzymes such as DNA-PK in ovarian cancer. C1 [Langland, Gregory T.; Yannone, Steven M.; Guan, Yinghui; Long, Sydney B. T.; Vonguyen, Lien; Gray, Joe W.; Chen, Fanqing] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gray, Joe W.; Chen, Fanqing] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Gray, Joe W.; Chen, Fanqing] Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Comprehens Canc, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Langland, Rachel A.; Nakao, Aki] Roche Mol Syst, Dept Pharmacogenet, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA. [Chen, David J.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Radiat Oncol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Langland, GT (reprint author), Del Mar Coll, Dept Nat Sci, 101 Baldwin Blvd,GS 244, Corpus Christi, TX 78404 USA. EM glangland@delmar.edu RI Yannone, Steven/G-1927-2011 FU NIH [IF32GM071229-01, CA 112970]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [NSFC-30828010, R1CA95393-01]; Zhejiang California Nanosystem Institute; DOD Breast Cancer Research Program [BC061995]; DOD [BCRP BC045345]; UCSF; University of California/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX We Would like to thank Ms. Nancy Patten and Sim Truong for their expert technical assistance. This work was supported by NIH IF32GM071229-01 awarded to G. Langland and the National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC-30828010, the Zhejiang California Nanosystem Institute, DOD Breast Cancer Research Program Grant BC061995, NIH Grant R1CA95393-01, DOD BCRP BC045345 grant, UCSF Prostate Cancer SPORE award and NIH P50 Grant CA 112970 awarded to either J.W. Gray or F. Chen. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy, at the University of California/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPANDIDOS PUBL LTD PI ATHENS PA POB 18179, ATHENS, 116 10, GREECE SN 1021-335X J9 ONCOL REP JI Oncol. Rep. PD APR PY 2010 VL 23 IS 4 BP 1021 EP 1026 DI 10.3892/or_00000728 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 572BS UT WOS:000275802000018 PM 20204287 ER PT J AU Lee, AWM Williams, BS Kumar, S Hu, Q Reno, JL AF Lee, Alan Wei Min Williams, Benjamin S. Kumar, Sushil Hu, Qing Reno, John L. TI Tunable terahertz quantum cascade lasers with external gratings SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METAL WAVE-GUIDES; HIGH-POWER AB We demonstrate a frequency tunable external cavity terahertz quantum cascade laser using an abutted antireflection-coated silicon lens to reduce facet reflection and as a beam-forming element, with an external grating providing frequency selective optical feedback. Angle tuning of the grating allows a single longitudinal mode of the laser ridge to be selected, resulting in discontinuous tuning over a 165 GHz range around a center frequency of 4.4 THz. Another device exhibited 145 GHz of total tuning with 9 GHz of continuous tuning near the longitudinal modes of the laser. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Lee, Alan Wei Min; Kumar, Sushil; Hu, Qing] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Lee, Alan Wei Min; Kumar, Sushil; Hu, Qing] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Reno, John L.] Sandia Natl Labs, CINT, Dept 1132, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lee, AWM (reprint author), MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM awmlee@mit.edu RI Williams, Benjamin/B-4494-2013 OI Williams, Benjamin/0000-0002-6241-8336 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF); United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and National Science Foundation (NSF). Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 13 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 7 BP 910 EP 912 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 578QP UT WOS:000276309300006 PM 20364166 ER PT J AU Schutze, M Tortorelli, PF Wright, IG AF Schuetze, M. Tortorelli, P. F. Wright, I. G. TI Development of a Comprehensive Oxide Scale Failure Diagram SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE Mechanical failure; Oxide scales; Fracture; Spalling; Delamination; Iron oxides; Critical strain ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; GROWTH TEMPERATURE; 2.25CR-1MO STEEL; OXIDATION; NICKEL; 900-DEGREES-C; BEHAVIOR; CRACKING; ALLOY AB This paper describes a new approach towards the development of a comprehensive oxide scale failure diagram (OSFD) that delineates the mechanical limits of scales for the different types of failure mechanisms. While former diagrams of a similar type were based on relating the critical strain to scale failure to oxide scale thickness, the new approach replaces scale thickness with a comprehensive operational parameter omega(o) that summarizes in a multi-level treatment all contributing factors, e.g. physical defect size, interface roughness, scale thickness, Young's modulus, fracture toughness, etc., that influence failure strain. While this approach should ideally be based on a comprehensive treatment of omega(o) using fully implemented coding, further considerations based on the identification of "low-impact" and "high-impact" parameters lead to a simplified OSFD where only the physical defect size is needed. This simplified approach can be used to assess the strain tolerance of oxide scales in industrial operation once the particular diagram has been established from laboratory data. C1 [Schuetze, M.] DECHEMA eV, Karl Winnacker Inst, D-60061 Frankfurt, Germany. [Tortorelli, P. F.; Wright, I. G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schutze, M (reprint author), DECHEMA eV, Karl Winnacker Inst, D-60061 Frankfurt, Germany. EM schuetze@dechema.de RI Tortorelli, Peter/E-2433-2011 FU EPRI, Palo Alto [1013666] FX The work was financially supported by EPRI, Palo Alto, in the Program on Technology Innovation: Oxide Growth and Exfoliation on Alloys Exposed to Steam as part of project no. 1013666 which is gratefully acknowledged. NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 18 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0030-770X J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD APR PY 2010 VL 73 IS 3-4 BP 389 EP 418 DI 10.1007/s11085-009-9185-7 PG 30 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 561BQ UT WOS:000274950700003 ER PT J AU Bedewi, A El Anany, G El Mofty, M Kretlow, A Park, S Miller, LM AF El Bedewi, Ahmed El Anany, Galal El Mofty, Medhat Kretlow, Ariane Park, Simone Miller, Lisa M. TI The use of synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy in the assessment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma vs. pityriasis lichenoides chronica SO PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE infrared microspectroscopy; mycosis fungoides; pityriasis lichenoides chronica; synchrotron and nucleic acids ID MYCOSIS-FUNGOIDES; SPECTROSCOPY AB Background The diagnosis of cutaneous lymphomas remains a challenge for both the clinician and dermatopathologist. Objectives To differentiate between frank malignant and premalignant lymphocytes within the skin. Methods This study was performed on 20 patients with a mean age of 50 years. They were divided into two groups: mycosis fungoides (MF) (stage IA, IB and IIA) and pityriasis lichenoides chronica (PLC). Immunophenotyping using antibodies CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20 and CD30 was performed. Synchrotron Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (S-FTIRM) was performed on cell nuclei to assess chemical differences between MF and PLC cases as a potential complementary screening tool. Dermal spectra of both MF and PLC were compared using principal components analysis (PCA) of the S-FTIRM data. Results All PLC spectra was clustered together. However, the MF spectra formed two clusters, one that grouped with the PLC and the other grouped separately. Moreover, protein and nucleic acids showed highly significant differences between MF (IIA and IB), MF (IA) and PLC. Conclusions The malignant transformation within lymphocytes was identifiable through the spectroscopic analysis of protein, RNA and DNA with S-FTIRM, making it a promising tool for classifying the progression of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. C1 [El Bedewi, Ahmed] NRRCT Dermatol, Cairo 11211, Egypt. [El Bedewi, Ahmed; Kretlow, Ariane; Park, Simone; Miller, Lisa M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [El Anany, Galal; El Mofty, Medhat] Cairo Univ, Dept Dermatol, Fac Med, Cairo, Egypt. RP Bedewi, A (reprint author), NRRCT Dermatol, 4 Hishmat St, Cairo 11211, Egypt. EM aelbedewi@gmail.com FU DOE Cooperative Research Program; United States Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was funded in part by the DOE Cooperative Research Program to SESAME. The NSLS is supported by the United States Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0905-4383 J9 PHOTODERMATOL PHOTO JI Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. PD APR PY 2010 VL 26 IS 2 BP 93 EP 97 PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 570BS UT WOS:000275647200007 ER PT J AU Yang, L Zu, XT Gao, F Peng, SM Heinisch, HL Long, XG Kurtz, RJ AF Yang, L. Zu, X. T. Gao, F. Peng, S. M. Heinisch, H. L. Long, X. G. Kurtz, R. J. TI Dynamic interactions of helium-vacancy clusters with edge dislocations in alpha-Fe SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE Molecular dynamic; Edge dislocation; He-vacancy cluster; alpha-Fe ID DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; IRON; METALS; HE AB The effects of He-vacancy (He-V) clusters on the mobility of an a/2 < 111 > {110} edge dislocation in alpha-Fe are investigated by atomic simulation with empirical potentials at 0 K. A number of small He(n)V(m) (n/m 0-4) clusters initially placed at the same position on the slip plane are comparatively studied. The results show that the interaction of He-V clusters with edge dislocations depends on not only the helium-to-vacancy (He/V) ratio, but also the cluster size. The small He-V clusters with low He/V ratios have a small effect on the dislocation mobility, but the larger clusters with higher He/V ratios significantly increase the critical resolved shear stress for dislocation glide. One of interesting results is that the He-V clusters almost stay at their original positions, and do not move along with the dislocation. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, L.; Zu, X. T.] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. [Gao, F.; Heinisch, H. L.; Kurtz, R. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Peng, S. M.; Long, X. G.] China Acad Engn Phys, Inst Nucl Phys & Chem, Mianyang 621900, Peoples R China. RP Yang, L (reprint author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. EM yanglilkd@yahoo.com.cn RI Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China-NSAF [10976007]; US Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Science [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX L. Yang and X.T. Zu are grateful for the support by National Natural Science Foundation of China-NSAF (Grant No: 10976007). F. Gao, H.L. Heinisch and Rj. Kurtz are grateful for the support by the US Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Science, under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 405 IS 7 BP 1754 EP 1758 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2010.01.034 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 570TF UT WOS:000275700200017 ER PT J AU Choi, YY Hong, J Hong, S Song, H Cheong, DS No, K AF Choi, Yoon-Young Hong, Jongin Hong, Seungbum Song, Hanwook Cheong, Deok-Soo No, Kwangsoo TI Nanoscale piezoresponse of 70 nm poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoro-ethylene) films annealed at different temperatures SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI-RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; dielectrics; thin films; polymers ID FLUORIDE TRIFLUOROETHYLENE COPOLYMER; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR; THIN-FILMS; VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE; CRYSTALLINE; POLYMER; DEPENDENCE; MEMORY AB In order to characterize the piezoelectric properties of 70 nm thick poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene), P(VDF-TrFE), films grown by a spin-coating technique, both nanoscale manipulation and polarization switching were studied using piezoresponse force Microscopy (PFM). We varied the annealing, temperature from 75 degrees C to 145 degrees C and achieved a high-quality 70 nm P(VDF-TrFE) film annealed at the temperature of 95 degrees C. Ferroelecrtic domains and their properties were confirmed using X-ray diffraction, grazing incidence reflection absorption Fourier, Transform Infrared (GIRA-FTIR) and PFM analysis. The ferroelectric domains in the film were homogeneously switchable below 5 V with a remnant d(33) of 14.9 pm/V. This offers out rationale for a promise in energy harvesting and switchability would be good for plastic electronics. (C) 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Hong, Jongin] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Choi, Yoon-Young; No, Kwangsoo] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Hong, Seungbum] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Song, Hanwook] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Grp Stand & Basis Metrol, Taejon 305340, South Korea. [Cheong, Deok-Soo] Dankook Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea. RP Hong, J (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM hong.jongin@gmail.com; ksno@kaist.ac.kr RI No, Kwangsoo/G-4891-2010; No, Kwangsoo/C-1983-2011; Hong, Jongin/B-4504-2009; Hong, Seungbum/B-7708-2009 OI Hong, Jongin/0000-0002-2891-5785; Hong, Seungbum/0000-0002-2667-1983 FU MEST in Korea; KOSEF [R01-2007-000-10953-0]; NRF in Korea [2009-0082289]; EEWS Research Project of the office of KAIST EEWS Initiative [EEWS-2009-1090048]; Argonne National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the MEST in Korea (project 'Brain Korea 21'), the KOSEF grant (No. R01-2007-000-10953-0), the Converging Research Center Program through the NRF in Korea (2009-0082289) and EEWS Research Project of the office of KAIST EEWS Initiative (No. EEWS-2009-1090048). SH acknowledges financial support by Argonne National Laboratory (Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357). NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1862-6254 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI-R JI Phys. Status Solidi-Rapid Res. Lett. PD APR PY 2010 VL 4 IS 3-4 BP 94 EP 96 DI 10.1002/pssr.201004009 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 590JP UT WOS:000277222000021 ER PT J AU Leefer, N Cingoz, A Gerber-Siff, B Sharma, A Torgerson, JR Budker, D AF Leefer, N. Cingoez, A. Gerber-Siff, B. Sharma, Arijit Torgerson, J. R. Budker, D. TI Transverse laser cooling of a thermal atomic beam of dysprosium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; STATES; NM AB A thermal atomic beam of dysprosium atoms is cooled using the 4f(10)6s(2)(J = 8) -> 4f(10)6s6p(J = 9) transition at 421 nm. The cooling is done via a standing light wave orthogonal to the atomic beam. Efficient transverse cooling to the Doppler limit is demonstrated for all observable isotopes of dysprosium. Branching ratios to metastable states are demonstrated to be < 5 x 10(-4). A scheme for enhancement of the nonzero-nuclear-spin-isotope cooling and a method for direct identification of possible trap states are proposed. C1 [Leefer, N.; Cingoez, A.; Budker, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gerber-Siff, B.] Swarthmore Coll, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. [Sharma, Arijit] Raman Res Inst, Bangalore 560080, Karnataka, India. [Torgerson, J. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Budker, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Leefer, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM naleefer@berkeley.edu; budker@berkeley.edu RI SHARMA, ARIJIT/L-4614-2016; Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI SHARMA, ARIJIT/0000-0002-2143-0574; Leefer, Nathan/0000-0002-4940-8432; Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 FU Foundational Questions Institute; UC Berkeley Committee on Research; NSF/DST [PHY-0425916] FX The authors acknowledge the contributions of V. Flambaum and V. Dzuba for the theoretical calculations of branching ratios and H. Muller for comments on the manuscript. We thank A. Skliar of Raicol Crystals Ltd. for extensive technical advice regarding the PPKTP crystal. This work has been supported by the Foundational Questions Institute (fqxi.org), the UC Berkeley Committee on Research, and NSF/DST Grant No. PHY-0425916 for US-India cooperative research. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 043427 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.81.043427 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 590LJ UT WOS:000277227300143 ER PT J AU Marti, GE Olf, R Vogt, E Ottl, A Stamper-Kurn, DM AF Marti, G. Edward Olf, Ryan Vogt, Enrico Oettl, Anton Stamper-Kurn, Dan M. TI Two-element Zeeman slower for rubidium and lithium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-BEAM; TRAP; GAS AB We demonstrate a two-element oven and Zeeman slower that produce simultaneous and overlapped slow beams of rubidium and lithium. The slower uses a three-stage design with a long, low-acceleration middle stage for decelerating rubidium situated between two short, high-acceleration stages for aggressive deceleration of lithium. This design is appropriate for producing high fluxes of atoms with a large mass ratio in a simple, robust setup. C1 [Marti, G. Edward; Olf, Ryan; Vogt, Enrico; Oettl, Anton; Stamper-Kurn, Dan M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stamper-Kurn, Dan M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Marti, GE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Stamper-Kurn, Dan/B-5442-2015 OI Stamper-Kurn, Dan/0000-0002-4845-5835 FU Defense Advanced Research Project Agency [49467-PHDRP]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-09-1-0020]; Hertz Foundation; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science FX We thank P.J. Daniels, J. Guzman, and X. Wu for assistance in the early stages of this work. This work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (Grant No. 49467-PHDRP) and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (Contract No. HDTRA1-09-1-0020). GEM acknowledges support from the Hertz Foundation, EV from Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, AO from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and DMSK from the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 043424 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.81.043424 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 590LJ UT WOS:000277227300140 ER PT J AU Pabst, S Ho, PJ Santra, R AF Pabst, Stefan Ho, Phay J. Santra, Robin TI Computational studies of x-ray scattering from three-dimensionally-aligned asymmetric-top molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID INTENSE LASER FIELDS; DIFFRACTION MICROSCOPY; PHASE RETRIEVAL; NONADIABATIC ALIGNMENT; MANIPULATING MOLECULES; NONPERIODIC OBJECTS; ALIGNING MOLECULES; WAVE-PACKETS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; RECONSTRUCTION AB We theoretically and numerically analyze x-ray scattering from asymmetric-top molecules three-dimensionally aligned using elliptically polarized laser light. A rigid-rotor model is assumed. The principal axes of the polarizability tensor are assumed to coincide with the principal axes of the moment of inertia tensor. Several symmetries in the Hamiltonian are identified and exploited to enhance the efficiency of solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation for each rotational state initially populated in a thermal ensemble. Using a phase-retrieval algorithm, the feasibility of structure reconstruction from a quasiadiabatically aligned sample is illustrated for the organic molecule naphthalene. The spatial resolution achievable strongly depends on the laser parameters, the initial rotational temperature, and the x-ray pulse duration. We demonstrate that for a laser peak intensity of 5 TW/cm(2), a laser pulse duration of 100 ps, a rotational temperature of 10 mK, and an x-ray pulse duration of 1 ps, the molecular structure may be probed at a resolution of 1 angstrom. C1 [Pabst, Stefan; Ho, Phay J.; Santra, Robin] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pabst, Stefan] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Santra, Robin] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Santra, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Pabst, Stefan/J-6541-2013; Santra, Robin/E-8332-2014 OI Pabst, Stefan/0000-0003-1134-4629; Santra, Robin/0000-0002-1442-9815 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank Cassandra Hunt for helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 120 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 043425 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.81.043425 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 590LJ UT WOS:000277227300141 ER PT J AU Sakhel, AR Dubois, JL Sakhel, RR AF Sakhel, Asaad R. Dubois, Jonathan L. Sakhel, Roger R. TI Tunneling of a few strongly repulsive hard-sphere bosons in an optical lattice with tight external harmonic confinement: A quantum Monte Carlo investigation in continuous space SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ULTRACOLD ATOMS; MOTT-INSULATOR; SUPERFLUID; TRANSITION; DYNAMICS AB The effect of strongly repulsive interactions on the tunneling amplitude of hard-sphere (HS) bosons confined in a simple cubic optical lattice plus tight external harmonic confinement in continuous space is investigated. The quantum variational Monte Carlo (VMC) and the variational path integral (VPI) Monte Carlo techniques are used at zero temperature. The effects of the lattice spacing on the tunneling amplitude are also considered. The occupancies of the lattice sites as a function of the repulsion between the bosons are further revealed. Our chief result is that for a small number of bosons (N = 8) the overlap of the wave functions in neighboring wells practically does not change with an increase of the repulsive interactions and changes only minimally for a larger number of particles (N = 40). The tunneling amplitude rises with a reduction in the lattice spacing. In addition, the occupancy of the center of the trap decreases in favor of a rise in the occupancy of the lattice sites at the edges of the trap with increasing HS repulsion. Further, it was found that the energy per particle at certain optical-lattice barrier heights is insensitive to the number of particles and variations in the HS diameter of the bosons. In order to support our results, we compare the VMC results with corresponding VPI results. C1 [Sakhel, Asaad R.] Al Balqa Appl Univ, Fac Engn Technol, Dept Basic Sci, Amman 11134, Jordan. [Dubois, Jonathan L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Sakhel, Roger R.] Al Isra Univ, Dept Basic Sci, Fac Sci & Informat Technol, Amman 11622, Jordan. RP Sakhel, AR (reprint author), Al Balqa Appl Univ, Fac Engn Technol, Dept Basic Sci, Amman 11134, Jordan. OI Sakhel, Asaad/0000-0002-8999-0615; DuBois, Jonathan/0000-0003-3154-4273 NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 043603 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.81.043603 PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 590LJ UT WOS:000277227300148 ER PT J AU Semenov, SK Schoffler, MS Titze, J Petridis, N Jahnke, T Cole, K Schmidt, LPH Czasch, A Akoury, D Jagutzki, O Williams, JB Osipov, T Lee, S Prior, MH Belkacem, A Landers, AL Schmidt-Bocking, H Weber, T Cherepkov, NA Dorner, R AF Semenov, S. K. Schoeffler, M. S. Titze, J. Petridis, N. Jahnke, T. Cole, K. Schmidt, L. Ph H. Czasch, A. Akoury, D. Jagutzki, O. Williams, J. B. Osipov, T. Lee, S. Prior, M. H. Belkacem, A. Landers, A. L. Schmidt-Boecking, H. Weber, Th Cherepkov, N. A. Doerner, R. TI Auger decay of 1 sigma(g) and 1 sigma(u) hole states of the N-2 molecule: Disentangling decay routes from coincidence measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID 2-STEP DOUBLE PHOTOIONIZATION; VIBRATIONALLY RESOLVED PHOTOIONIZATION; COMPLETE FRAGMENTATION-PATTERN; K-SHELL PHOTOIONIZATION; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; MOMENTUM SPECTROSCOPY; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; RECOIL-ION; ELECTRON; PHOTOELECTRON AB Results of the most sophisticated measurements in coincidence with the angular-resolved K-shell photoelectrons and Auger electrons and with two atomic ions produced by dissociation of N-2 molecule are analyzed. Detection of photoelectrons at certain angles makes it possible to separate the Auger decay processes of the 1 sigma g and 1 sigma(u) core-hole states. The Auger electron angular distributions for each of these hole states are measured as a function of the kinetic-energy release of two atomic ions and are compared with the corresponding theoretical angular distributions. From that comparison one can disentangle the contributions of different repulsive doubly charged molecular ion states to the Auger decay. Different kinetic-energy-release values are directly related to the different internuclear distances. In this way one can trace experimentally the behavior of the potential energy curves of dicationic final states inside the Frank-Condon region. Presentation of the Auger-electron angular distributions as a function of kinetic-energy release of two atomic ions opens a new dimension in the study of Auger decay. C1 [Semenov, S. K.; Cherepkov, N. A.] State Univ Aerosp Instrumentat, St Petersburg 190000, Russia. [Schoeffler, M. S.; Titze, J.; Petridis, N.; Jahnke, T.; Cole, K.; Schmidt, L. Ph H.; Czasch, A.; Akoury, D.; Jagutzki, O.; Schmidt-Boecking, H.; Cherepkov, N. A.; Doerner, R.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Akoury, D.; Osipov, T.; Lee, S.; Prior, M. H.; Belkacem, A.; Weber, Th] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Williams, J. B.; Landers, A. L.] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Semenov, SK (reprint author), State Univ Aerosp Instrumentat, St Petersburg 190000, Russia. RI Doerner, Reinhard/A-5340-2008; Landers, Allen/C-1213-2013; Weber, Thorsten/K-2586-2013; Schoeffler, Markus/B-6261-2008 OI Doerner, Reinhard/0000-0002-3728-4268; Weber, Thorsten/0000-0003-3756-2704; Schoeffler, Markus/0000-0001-9214-6848 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098, DE-FG02-07ER46357]; RFBR [09-03-00781-a] FX We acknowledge outstanding support by the staff of the Advanced Lights Source, in particular by Hendrik Bluhm and Tolek Tyliszczak. The work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and by the office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences of the US Department of Energy, under Contract Nos. DE-AC03-76SF00098 and DE-FG02-07ER46357. N.A.C. acknowledges the financial support of Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through a Mercator professorship. S.K.S. and N.A.C. acknowledge the hospitality of Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main and the financial support of RFBR (Grant No. 09-03-00781-a). NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 043426 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.81.043426 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 590LJ UT WOS:000277227300142 ER PT J AU Ticknor, C AF Ticknor, Christopher TI Quasi-two-dimensional dipolar scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULES; ATOMS; GAS AB We study two-body dipolar scattering with one dimension of confinement. We include the effects of confinement by expanding this degree of freedom in harmonic oscillator states. We then study the properties of the resulting multichannel system. We study the adiabatic curves as a function of D/l, the ratio of the dipolar and confinement length scales. There is no dipolar barrier for this system when D/l < 0.34. We also study the WKB tunneling probability as a function of D/l and scattering energy. This can be used to estimate the character of the scattering. C1 [Ticknor, Christopher] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ticknor, Christopher] Swinburne Univ Technol, ARC Ctr Excellence Quantum Atom Opt, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Ticknor, Christopher] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Atom Opt & Ultrafast Spect, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. RP Ticknor, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Ticknor, Christopher/B-8651-2014 FU Australian Research Council; NSF; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory FX The author thanks S. Rittenhouse, S. Ronen, and E. Kuznetsova for discussions and gratefully acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council and partial support from NSF through ITAMP at Harvard University and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 042708 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.81.042708 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 590LJ UT WOS:000277227300103 ER PT J AU Arman, B Luo, SN Germann, TC Cagin, T AF Arman, Bedri Luo, Sheng-Nian Germann, Timothy C. Cagin, Tahir TI Dynamic response of Cu46Zr54 metallic glass to high-strain-rate shock loading: Plasticity, spall, and atomic-level structures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; WAVE RESPONSE; SIMULATIONS; STRENGTH; COMPRESSION; FAILURE; PACKING AB We investigate dynamic response of Cu46Zr54 metallic glass under adiabatic planar shock wave loading (one-dimensional strain) with molecular dynamics simulations, including Hugoniot (shock) states, shock-induced plasticity, and spallation. The Hugoniot states are obtained up to 60 GPa along with the von Mises shear flow strengths, and the dynamic spall strengths, at different strain rates and temperatures. The spall strengths likely represent the limiting values achievable in experiments such as laser ablation. For the steady shock states, a clear elastic-plastic transition is identified (e.g., in the shock velocity-particle velocity curve), and the shear strength shows strain softening. However, the elastic-plastic transition across the shock front displays transient stress overshoot (hardening) above the Hugoniot elastic limit followed by a relatively sluggish relaxation to the steady shock state, and the plastic shock front steepens with increasing shock strength. The local von Mises shear strain analysis is used to characterize local deformation, and the Voronoi tessellation analysis, the corresponding local structures at various stages of shock, release, tension and spallation. The plasticity in this glass, manifested as localized shear transformation zones, is of local structure rather than thermal origin, and void nucleation occurs preferentially at the highly shear-deformed regions. The Voronoi and shear strain analyses show that the atoms with different local structures are of different shear resistances that lead to shear localization (e.g., the atoms indexed with < 0,0,12,0 > are most shear-resistant, and those with < 0,2,8,1 > are highly prone to shear flow). The dynamic changes in local structures are consistent with the observed deformation dynamics. C1 [Arman, Bedri; Luo, Sheng-Nian; Germann, Timothy C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Arman, Bedri; Cagin, Tahir] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Arman, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sluo@lanl.gov; Tahir.Cagin@chemail.tamu.edu RI Luo, Sheng-Nian /D-2257-2010; OI Luo, Sheng-Nian /0000-0002-7538-0541; Germann, Timothy/0000-0002-6813-238X FU Laboratory Directed Research Development programs at LANL; LLC [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We have benefited from discussion with S. Valone. This work has been supported by the Laboratory Directed Research Development programs at LANL. LANL is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 70 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 51 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 14 AR 144201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.144201 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590FN UT WOS:000277210200059 ER PT J AU Baek, SH Graf, MJ Balatsky, AV Bauer, ED Cooley, C Smith, JL Curro, NJ AF Baek, S. -H. Graf, M. J. Balatsky, A. V. Bauer, E. D. Cooley, C. Smith, J. L. Curro, N. J. TI Antiferromagnetic patches and hidden order in URu2Si2 by impurity doping SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTOR URU2SI2; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MAGNETIC ORDER; SPIN; EXCITATIONS; FIELD AB We report the use of impurities to probe the hidden order parameter of the strongly correlated metal URu2Si2 below the transition temperature T-0 similar to 17.5 K. The nature of this order parameter has eluded researchers for more than two decades but is accompanied by the development of a partial gap in the single-particle density of states that can be detected through measurements of the electronic specific heat and nuclear-spin-lattice relaxation rate. We find that impurities in the hidden order phase give rise to local patches of antiferromagnetism. An analysis of the coupling between the antiferromagnetism and the hidden order reveals that the former is not a competing order parameter but rather a parasitic effect of the latter. C1 [Baek, S. -H.; Graf, M. J.; Balatsky, A. V.; Bauer, E. D.; Cooley, C.; Smith, J. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Curro, N. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Baek, SH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Baek, Seung-Ho/F-4733-2011; Curro, Nicholas/D-3413-2009; OI Baek, Seung-Ho/0000-0002-0059-8255; Curro, Nicholas/0000-0001-7829-0237; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We thank J.D. Thompson, J.A. Mydosh, P. Oppeneer, P. Coleman, and J.C Davis for stimulating discussions. Work at Los Alamos National Laboratory was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 13 AR 132404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.132404 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590ES UT WOS:000277207900012 ER PT J AU Berkowitz, AE Hong, JI McCall, SK Shipton, E Chan, KT Leo, T Smith, DJ AF Berkowitz, A. E. Hong, J. -I. McCall, S. K. Shipton, E. Chan, K. T. Leo, T. Smith, D. J. TI Refining the exchange anisotropy paradigm: Magnetic and microstructural heterogeneity at the Permalloy-CoO interface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BIAS; MECHANISMS; VISCOSITY; FILMS; MODEL AB More than 50 years of extensive research into exchange anisotropy in ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic bilayers has not produced a convincing explanation for any given system of its principal manifestations, namely, a shift of the hysteresis loop along the field axis (exchange bias) and enhanced coercivity. We have examined this issue in the prototypical polycrystalline Permalloy-CoO bilayer system with samples whose Permalloy thicknesses ranged from 1 to 25 nm. The heterogeneous magnetic and chemical microstructure of the similar to 1-nm-thick interfacial region is responsible for the observed exchange bias and coercivity, and for their dependence on Permalloy thickness and on temperature. Approximately 75% of the interfacial moment is produced by magnetically hard particles which are exchange coupled to the CoO and are responsible for exchange bias and coercivity by virtue of their exchange coupling to the Permalloy. The remainder of the interfacial moment is produced by a magnetically soft phase that exhibits no exchange bias. The thickness dependence of the exchange bias agrees with the prediction of a random-field model in which the exchange coupling of the distributed hard particles provides a random field operating on the Permalloy. The coercivity is determined by the switching of the hard interfacial particles coupled to the Permalloy; it has a remarkably linear temperature dependence which can be explained by a simple thermal fluctuation model. The exchange bias exhibits the same temperature dependence as the CoO uncompensated spins and these uncompensated spins are on the interfacial {111} planes of the [111]-textured CoO. Finally, the kinetics of the chemical reactions responsible for the interfacial heterogeneity can contribute to the latent period during which the exchange bias can be substantially reversed by applying a field antiparallel to the cooling field. C1 [Berkowitz, A. E.; Shipton, E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, Ctr Magnet Recording Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hong, J. -I.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [McCall, S. K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Leo, T.; Smith, D. J.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Berkowitz, AE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, Ctr Magnet Recording Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM aberk@ucsd.edu RI HONG, JUNG-IL/B-8566-2008; McCall, Scott/G-1733-2014 OI HONG, JUNG-IL/0000-0001-7301-6693; McCall, Scott/0000-0002-7979-4944 FU U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA2734] FX We appreciate useful discussions with F. E. Spada and E. E. Fullerton. Work performed at LLNL was under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA2734. We acknowledge the use of facilities at the John M. Cowley Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy at Arizona State University. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 13 AR 134404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.134404 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590ES UT WOS:000277207900039 ER PT J AU Bernstein, N Feldman, JL Singh, DJ AF Bernstein, N. Feldman, J. L. Singh, D. J. TI Calculations of dynamical properties of skutterudites: Thermal conductivity, thermal expansivity, and atomic mean-square displacement SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LATTICE-DYNAMICS; FILLED SKUTTERUDITES; THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS; REFLECTION SPECTRA; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; LOW-TEMPERATURES; MODEL; COSB3; ANTIMONIDES; CRYSTALS AB While the thermal conductivity of the filled skutterudites has been of great interest it had not been calculated within a microscopic theory. Here a central force, Guggenheim-McGlashen, model with parameters largely extracted from first-principles calculations and from spectroscopic data, specific to LaFe(4)Sb(12) or CoSb(3), is employed in a Green-Kubo/molecular dynamics calculation of thermal conductivity as a function of temperature. We find that the thermal conductivity of a filled solid is more than a factor of two lower than that of an unfilled solid, assuming the "framework" interatomic force parameters are the same between filled and unfilled solids, and that this decrease is almost entirely due to the cubic anharmonic interaction between filling and framework atoms. In addition, partially as a test of our models, we calculate thermal expansivity and isotropic atomic mean-square displacements using both molecular dynamics and lattice dynamics methods. These quantities are in reasonable agreement with experiment, increasing our confidence in the anharmonic parameters of our models. We also find an anomalously large filling-atom mode Gruneisen parameter that is apparently observed for a filled skutterudite and is observed in a clathrate. C1 [Bernstein, N.; Feldman, J. L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Feldman, J. L.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Singh, D. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bernstein, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 FU DOE; EERE Vehicle Technologies Propulsion Materials Program; S3TEC EFRC; ONR; NRL FX Work at ORNL was supported by DOE, EERE Vehicle Technologies Propulsion Materials Program and the S3TEC EFRC. Work at NRL was supported by ONR and NRL. J. L. F. is grateful to R. Vienois for valuable communication, and to colleagues at the Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, especially R. E. Cohen and R. J. Hemley for stimulating discussions. D. J. S. thanks A. Henry for helpful discussions. NR 64 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 13 AR 134301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.134301 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590ES UT WOS:000277207900031 ER PT J AU Chen, B Gleason, AE Yan, JY Koski, KJ Clark, S Jeanloz, R AF Chen, Bin Gleason, A. E. Yan, J. Y. Koski, K. J. Clark, Simon Jeanloz, Raymond TI Elasticity, strength, and refractive index of argon at high pressures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SOLID ARGON; BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; GPA; CALIBRATION; GAUGE; NACL; CELL AB High-pressure Brillouin spectroscopy of polycrystalline argon, measured using two scattering angles (180 degrees and 70 degrees), determines the isotropic elastic moduli, shear strength, equation of state, and refractive index of face-centered-cubic argon from 1.3 to 30 GPa at room temperature. The index of refraction n= 1.33-1.67 over this pressure range. An Eulerian finite-strain analysis (Birch-Murnaghan equation of state) yields an isothermal bulk modulus and pressure derivative K(T)= 15.1(+/- 1.1) GPa and K(T)' = 5.4(+/- 0.3) at 2 GPa. The resulting equation of state agrees well with previous x-ray diffraction measurements, illustrating the suitability of high-pressure Brillouin scattering for characterizing the elasticity and strength of polycrystalline materials. C1 [Chen, Bin; Yan, J. Y.; Clark, Simon] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Koski, K. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bchen@lbl.gov FU Consortium for Materials Properties Research in Earth Sciences (COMPRES); National Science Foundation; Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Financial support for this work was provided by the Consortium for Materials Properties Research in Earth Sciences (COMPRES), the National Science Foundation and Department of Energy, including funding for A. E. Gleason (Carnegie/DOE Alliance Center for High Pressure Science and Technology) and support for the Advanced Light Source (DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231). The diamond cells used in our study were constructed by G. Rose (Princeton University). We are grateful for assistance from T. Duffy, F. Jiang, and Z. Mao (Princeton University), S. Speziale (German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam), and J. Knight (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory). We thank Selva Raju for helpful discussions and H. Shimizu for prereview reading. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 14 AR 144110 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.144110 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590FN UT WOS:000277210200040 ER PT J AU Clem, JR AF Clem, John R. TI Josephson junctions in thin and narrow rectangular superconducting strips SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NONLOCAL INTERACTION AB I consider a Josephson junction crossing the middle of a thin rectangular superconducting strip of length L and width W subjected to a perpendicular magnetic induction B. I calculate the spatial dependence of the gauge-invariant phase difference across the junction and the resulting B dependence of the critical current I(c)(B). C1 [Clem, John R.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Clem, John R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Clem, JR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. FU Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX I thank J. E. Sadleir and V. G. Kogan for stimulating discussions. My work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 14 AR 144515 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.144515 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590FN UT WOS:000277210200111 ER PT J AU Del Genio, CI Bassler, KE Korzhenevskii, AL Barabash, RI Trenkler, J Reiter, GF Moss, SC AF Del Genio, Charo I. Bassler, Kevin E. Korzhenevskii, Aleksandr L. Barabash, Rozaliya I. Trenkler, Johann Reiter, George F. Moss, Simon C. TI Depth-dependent ordering, two-length-scale phenomena, and crossover behavior in a crystal featuring a skin layer with defects SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 2 LENGTH SCALES; X-RAY-SCATTERING; CRITICAL FLUCTUATIONS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SRTIO3; ORIGIN; V2H; HOLMIUM AB Structural defects in a crystal are responsible for the "two-length-scale" behavior in which a sharp central peak is superimposed over a broad peak in critical diffuse x-ray scattering. We have previously measured the scaling behavior of the central peak by scattering from a near-surface region of a V(2)H crystal, which has a first-order transition in the bulk. As the temperature is lowered toward the critical temperature, a crossover in critical behavior is seen, with the temperature range nearest to the critical point being characterized by mean-field exponents. Near the transition, a small two-phase coexistence region is observed. The values of transition and crossover temperatures decay with depth. An explanation of these experimental results is here proposed by means of a theory in which edge dislocations in the near-surface region occur in walls oriented in the two directions normal to the surface. The strain caused by the dislocation lines causes the ordering in the crystal to occur as growth of roughly cylindrically shaped regions. After the regions have reached a certain size, the crossover in the critical behavior occurs, and mean-field behavior prevails. At a still lower temperature, the rest of the material between the cylindrical regions orders via a weak first-order transition. C1 [Del Genio, Charo I.; Bassler, Kevin E.; Reiter, George F.; Moss, Simon C.] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Del Genio, Charo I.; Bassler, Kevin E.; Moss, Simon C.] Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Korzhenevskii, Aleksandr L.] Inst Problems Mech Engn, St Petersburg 199178, Russia. [Barabash, Rozaliya I.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Trenkler, Johann] Carl Zeiss SMT AG, Lithog Opt Div, D-73447 Oberkochen, Germany. RP Del Genio, CI (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, 617 Sci & Res 1, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RI Del Genio, Charo/F-7249-2010 OI Del Genio, Charo/0000-0001-9958-017X FU NSF [DMR-0406323, DMR-0908286]; Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH); U.S. Department of Energy FX This work is supported by the NSF through Grants No. DMR-0406323 and No. DMR-0908286 (K.E.B. and C.I.D.G.). K.E.B., C.I.D.G. and S.C.M. also acknowledge support by the Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH). R.I.B. is supported by the Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Science, U.S. Department of Energy. We gratefully acknowledge M.E. Fisher for his valuable comments and discussions. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 14 AR 144111 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.144111 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590FN UT WOS:000277210200041 ER PT J AU Du, MH Singh, DJ AF Du, Mao-Hua Singh, David J. TI Enhanced Born charge and proximity to ferroelectricity in thallium halides SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; RADIATION DETECTOR; PEROVSKITE OXIDES; BROMIDE; TLBR; PERFORMANCE; CRYSTALS; POLYMORPHISM; PURIFICATION; DISPERSION AB Electronic-structure and lattice-dynamics calculations on thallium halides show that the Born effective charges in these compounds are more than twice larger than the nominal ionic charges. This is a result of cross-band-gap hybridization between Tl p and halogen-p states. The large Born charges cause giant splitting between longitudinal and transverse-optic phonon modes, bringing the lattice close to ferroelectric instability. Our calculations indeed show that cubic TlBr develops ferroelectric instabilities upon lattice expansion starting at 2%. It is remarkable that the apparently ionic thallium halides with a simple cubic CsCl structure and large differences in electronegativity between cations and anions can be very close to ferroelectricity. This can lead to effective screening of defects and impurities that would otherwise be strong carrier traps and may therefore contribute to the relatively good carrier transport properties in TlBr radiation detectors. C1 [Du, Mao-Hua; Singh, David J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div & Ctr Radiat Detect Mat & Syst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Du, MH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div & Ctr Radiat Detect Mat & Syst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Du, Mao-Hua/B-2108-2010; Singh, David/I-2416-2012 OI Du, Mao-Hua/0000-0001-8796-167X; FU U.S. DOE Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development [NA22] FX We are grateful for the helpful discussions with Zane W. Bell and Lynn A. Boatner. This work was supported by the U.S. DOE Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development (NA22). NR 31 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 14 AR 144114 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.144114 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590FN UT WOS:000277210200044 ER PT J AU Farrow, CL Ruan, CY Billinge, SJL AF Farrow, Christopher L. Ruan, Chong-Yu Billinge, Simon J. L. TI Quantitative nanoparticle structures from electron crystallography data SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PAIR DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; LEAST-SQUARES REFINEMENT; X-RAY; ULTRAFAST DIFFRACTION; MOLECULAR STRUCTURES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; DYNAMICS; SIZE; NANOCRYSTALLOGRAPHY; POLYCRYSTALLINE AB We describe the quantitative refinement of nanoparticle structures from gold nanoparticles probed by electron diffraction in the ultrafast electron crystallography (UEC) geometry. We establish the equivalence between the modified radial distribution function employed in UEC and the atomic pair distribution function (PDF) used in x-ray and neutron powder-diffraction analysis. By leveraging PDF refinement techniques, we demonstrate that UEC data are of sufficient quality to differentiate between cuboctahedral, decahedral, and icosahedral nanoparticle models for the ground-state (dark) structures of the gold nanoparticles. Furthermore, we identify the signatures of systematic errors that may occur during data reduction and show that atomic positions refined from UEC are robust to these errors. This work serves as a foundation for reliable quantitative structural analysis of time-resolved laser-excited nanoparticle states. C1 [Farrow, Christopher L.; Billinge, Simon J. L.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Ruan, Chong-Yu] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Billinge, Simon J. L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Farrow, CL (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM sb2896@columbia.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DMR-0703940] FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through Grant No. DMR-0703940. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 13 AR 134104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.134104 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590ES UT WOS:000277207900020 ER PT J AU Fernandes, RM Pratt, DK Tian, W Zarestky, J Kreyssig, A Nandi, S Kim, MG Thaler, A Ni, N Canfield, PC McQueeney, RJ Schmalian, J Goldman, AI AF Fernandes, Rafael M. Pratt, Daniel K. Tian, Wei Zarestky, Jerel Kreyssig, Andreas Nandi, Shibabrata Kim, Min Gyu Thaler, Alex Ni, Ni Canfield, Paul C. McQueeney, Robert J. Schmalian, Joerg Goldman, Alan I. TI Unconventional pairing in the iron arsenide superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; SYMMETRY; PNICTIDES; STATE AB We use magnetic long-range order as a tool to probe the Cooper-pair wave function in the iron arsenide superconductors. We show theoretically that antiferromagnetism and superconductivity can coexist in these materials only if Cooper pairs form an unconventional, sign-changing state. The observation of coexistence in Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2 then demonstrates unconventional pairing in this material. The detailed agreement between theory and neutron-diffraction experiments, in particular, for the unusual behavior of the magnetic order below T-c, demonstrates the robustness of our conclusions. Our findings strongly suggest that superconductivity is unconventional in all members of the iron arsenide family. C1 [Fernandes, Rafael M.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fernandes, RM (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rafaelmf@ameslab.gov RI Schmalian, Joerg/H-2313-2011; Kim, Min Gyu/B-8637-2012; Fernandes, Rafael/E-9273-2010; Tian, Wei/C-8604-2013; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Thaler, Alexander/J-5741-2014; McQueeney, Robert/A-2864-2016 OI Kim, Min Gyu/0000-0001-7676-454X; Tian, Wei/0000-0001-7735-3187; Thaler, Alexander/0000-0001-5066-8904; McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602 FU U.S. DOE, Office of BES, DMSE; Iowa State University [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX We thank Alfred Kracher for performing the WDS measurements and Sergey Bud'ko for assistance with the thermodynamic and transport measurements. This work was supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of BES, DMSE. Ames Laboratory is operated for the U.S. DOE by Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 34 TC 133 Z9 133 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 14 AR 140501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.140501 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590FN UT WOS:000277210200020 ER PT J AU Ganesh, P Cockayne, E Ahart, M Cohen, RE Burton, B Hemley, RJ Ren, Y Yang, WG Ye, ZG AF Ganesh, P. Cockayne, E. Ahart, M. Cohen, R. E. Burton, B. Hemley, Russell J. Ren, Yang Yang, Wenge Ye, Z. -G. TI Origin of diffuse scattering in relaxor ferroelectrics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PEROVSKITES; BEHAVIOR; ORDER AB High-pressure and variable temperature single-crystal synchrotron x-ray measurements combined with first principles based molecular-dynamics simulations were used to study diffuse scattering in the relaxor ferroelectric system PbSc1/2Nb1/2O3. Constant temperature experiments show a pressure-induced transition to the relaxor phase, in which butterfly- and rod-shaped diffuse scattering occurs around the {h00} and {hh0} Bragg spots. Simulations qualitatively reproduce the observed diffuse scattering features as well as their pressure-temperature behavior and show that they arise from polarization correlations between chemically ordered regions, which in previous simulations were shown to behave as polar nanoregions. Simulations also exhibit radial diffuse scattering [elongated toward and away from Q=(000)] that persists even in the paraelectric phase; consistent with previous neutron experiments on PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3. C1 [Ganesh, P.; Ahart, M.; Cohen, R. E.; Hemley, Russell J.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Cockayne, E.; Burton, B.] NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ren, Yang; Yang, Wenge] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ye, Z. -G.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Ye, Z. -G.] Simon Fraser Univ, LABS 4D, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Ganesh, P (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RI Ganesh, Panchapakesan/E-3435-2012; Yang, Wenge/H-2740-2012; Ganesh, Panchapakesan/L-5571-2013; Cohen, Ronald/B-3784-2010 OI Ganesh, Panchapakesan/0000-0002-7170-2902; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-5871-2359 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-1-0451, N00014-02-1-0506]; Carnegie/Department of Energy Alliance Center (CDAC) [DE-FC0303NA00144]; (U.S.) Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors thank S. Gramsch and E. Venturini for their useful discussions. This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research under Grants No. N00014-07-1-0451 and No. N00014-02-1-0506 and the Carnegie/Department of Energy Alliance Center (CDAC, Grant No. DE-FC0303NA00144). Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the (U.S.) Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 27 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 14 AR 144102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.144102 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590FN UT WOS:000277210200032 ER PT J AU Hiraka, H Hayashi, Y Wakimoto, S Takeda, M Kakurai, K Adachi, T Koike, Y Yamada, I Miyazaki, M Hiraishi, M Takeshita, S Kohda, A Kadono, R Tranquada, JM Yamada, K AF Hiraka, H. Hayashi, Y. Wakimoto, S. Takeda, M. Kakurai, K. Adachi, T. Koike, Y. Yamada, I. Miyazaki, M. Hiraishi, M. Takeshita, S. Kohda, A. Kadono, R. Tranquada, J. M. Yamada, K. TI Incommensurate spin correlations induced by magnetic Fe ions substituted into overdoped Bi1.75Pb0.35Sr1.90CuO6+z SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; DOPED LA2-XSR(X)CUO4; LA2-XSRXCUO4; EXCITATIONS; MODULATION; SCATTERING; DYNAMICS; STATE; PHASE AB Spin correlations in the overdoped region of Bi1.75Pb0.35Sr1.90CuO6+z have been explored with Fe-doped single crystals characterized by neutron scattering, muon-spin-rotation spectroscopy, and magnetic-susceptibility measurements. Static incommensurate spin correlations induced by the Fe spins are revealed by elastic neutron scattering. The resultant incommensurability delta is unexpectedly large (similar to 0.2 r.l.u.), as compared with delta similar to 1/8 in overdoped superconductor La2-xSrxCuO4. Intriguingly, the large delta in this overdoped region is close to the hole concentration p. This result is reminiscent of the delta approximate to p trend observed in underdoped La2-xSrxCuO4; however, it is inconsistent with the saturation of delta in the latter compound in the overdoped regime. While our findings in Fe-doped Bi1.75Pb0.35Sr1.90CuO6+z support the commonality of incommensurate spin correlations in high-T-c cuprate superconductors, they also suggest that the magnetic response might be dominated by a distinct mechanism in the overdoped region. C1 [Hiraka, H.; Hayashi, Y.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Wakimoto, S.; Takeda, M.; Kakurai, K.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Quantum Beam Sci Directorate, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Adachi, T.; Koike, Y.] Tohoku Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Yamada, I.] Ehime Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. [Miyazaki, M.; Hiraishi, M.; Kohda, A.; Kadono, R.] Grad Univ Adv Studies, Dept Mat Struct Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Takeshita, S.; Kohda, A.; Kadono, R.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Inst Mat Struct Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 30050801, Japan. [Tranquada, J. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Yamada, K.] Tohoku Univ, Adv Inst Mat Res, WPI Res Ctr, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Hiraka, H (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RI Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009; Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857 FU MEXT [19540358, 19340090]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-AC0-298CH110886] FX We are grateful to K. Kudo, H. Kobayashi, D. Matsumura, and T. Sato for their helpful discussions. We also thank K. Nemoto and M. Sakurai for their assistance in the neutron-scattering and crystal-growth experiments, respectively. This study was carried out under the Common-Use Facility Program of JAEA, and the Quantum Beam Technology Program of JST. The study performed at Tohoku University was supported by a Grant-In-Aid for Science Research C (Grant No. 19540358) and B (Grant No. 19340090) from the MEXT. J.M.T. is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, under Contract No. DE-AC0-298CH110886. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 14 AR 144501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.144501 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590FN UT WOS:000277210200097 ER PT J AU Holcomb, MB Martin, LW Scholl, A He, Q Yu, P Yang, CH Yang, SY Glans, PA Valvidares, M Huijben, M Kortright, JB Guo, J Chu, YH Ramesh, R AF Holcomb, M. B. Martin, L. W. Scholl, A. He, Q. Yu, P. Yang, C. -H. Yang, S. Y. Glans, P. -A. Valvidares, M. Huijben, M. Kortright, J. B. Guo, J. Chu, Y. -H. Ramesh, R. TI Probing the evolution of antiferromagnetism in multiferroics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC POLARIZATION; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURES; LINEAR DICHROISM; FIELD CONTROL; BIFEO3 FILMS; FERROMAGNETISM; TEMPERATURE; MANGANITES; DEPENDENCE; TRANSITION AB This study delineates the evolution of magnetic order in epitaxial films of the room-temperature multiferroic BiFeO(3) system. Using angle-and temperature-dependent dichroic measurements and spectromicroscopy, we have observed that the antiferromagnetic order in the model multiferroic BiFeO(3) evolves systematically as a function of thickness and strain. Lattice-mismatch-induced strain is found to break the easy-plane magnetic symmetry of the bulk and leads to an easy axis of magnetization which can be controlled through strain. Understanding the evolution of magnetic structure and how to manipulate the magnetism in this model multiferroic has significant implications for utilization of such magnetoelectric materials in future applications. C1 [Holcomb, M. B.; He, Q.; Yu, P.; Yang, C. -H.; Yang, S. Y.; Chu, Y. -H.; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Holcomb, M. B.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Martin, L. W.; Valvidares, M.; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Martin, L. W.] Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Scholl, A.; Glans, P. -A.; Kortright, J. B.; Guo, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Huijben, M.] Univ Twente, MESA Inst Nanotechnol, Fac Sci & Technol, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Chu, Y. -H.] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan. [Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Holcomb, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mikel.holcomb@mail.wvu.edu RI Valvidares, Secundino /M-4979-2016; Ying-Hao, Chu/A-4204-2008; He, Qing/E-3202-2010; YANG, CHAN-HO/C-2079-2011; Martin, Lane/H-2409-2011; MSD, Nanomag/F-6438-2012; Yu, Pu/F-1594-2014; Scholl, Andreas/K-4876-2012; Glans, Per-Anders/G-8674-2016; OI Valvidares, Secundino /0000-0003-4895-8114; Ying-Hao, Chu/0000-0002-3435-9084; Martin, Lane/0000-0003-1889-2513; Holcomb, Mikel/0000-0003-2111-3410 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science Division of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Korea Research Foundation Grant (MOEHRD) [KRF-2006-214-C00020]; National Science Council, R.O.C. [NSC 98-2119-M-009-016] FX This work has been supported by the Director, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science Division of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. C. H. Y. was supported by a Korea Research Foundation Grant (MOEHRD) (KRF-2006-214-C00020). Y. H. C. would like to acknowledge the support of the National Science Council, R.O.C., under Contract No. NSC 98-2119-M-009-016. NR 34 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 6 U2 56 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 13 AR 134406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.134406 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590ES UT WOS:000277207900041 ER PT J AU Klepeis, JHP Cynn, H Evans, WJ Rudd, RE Yang, LH Liermann, HP Yang, WG AF Klepeis, Jae-Hyun Park Cynn, Hyunchae Evans, William J. Rudd, Robert E. Yang, Lin H. Liermann, Hans Peter Yang, Wenge TI Diamond anvil cell measurement of high-pressure yield strength of vanadium using in situ thickness determination SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; FLOW-STRESS; POLYCRYSTALS; DEFORMATION; DYNAMICS; METALS; MGO AB The pressure dependence of the quasistatic yield strength of vanadium in polycrystalline foils and powders has been measured up to 90 GPa at room temperature using an implementation of a nonhydrostatic diamond-anvil cell technique, an extension of the technique of Meade and Jeanloz [C. Meade and R. Jeanloz, J. Geophys. Res. 93, 3261 (1988)]. A feature present in this work is the use of an in situ determination of the sample thickness and pressure profile using synchrotron x-ray techniques, allowing a determination of the strength at each point across the sample. Following an initial increase in the strength with pressure, a decrease in the strength of vanadium was observed starting at similar to 40-50 GPa. The softening of the yield strength of vanadium at high pressure is quite surprising and unusual, following the trend of an unusual softening of the shear modulus associated with a subtle phase transition from body-centered-cubic-to-rhombohedral structure in a recent x-ray diffraction experiment. C1 [Klepeis, Jae-Hyun Park; Cynn, Hyunchae; Evans, William J.; Rudd, Robert E.; Yang, Lin H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Liermann, Hans Peter; Yang, Wenge] Argonne Natl Lab, HP CAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Klepeis, JHP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU DOE-BES [DE-AC0206CH11357]; DOE-NNSA (CDAC); NSF; W. M. Keck Foundation; Laboratory Directed Research and Development program office at LLNL [08-ERD-035]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC5207-NA27344] FX We would like to thank Guoyin Shen and Olga Shebanova for experimental assistance at HP-CAT, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL. Further thanks go to Jeff Florando and Samuel Weir for useful discussions. Portions of this work were performed at HPCAT (Sector 16), Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. Use of the HPCAT facility was supported by DOE-BES, DOE-NNSA (CDAC), NSF, and the W. M. Keck Foundation. Use of the APS was supported by DOE-BES, under Contract No. DE-AC0206CH11357. This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program office (Project No. 08-ERD-035) at LLNL and performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC5207-NA27344. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 13 AR 134107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.134107 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590ES UT WOS:000277207900023 ER PT J AU Kreyssig, A Kim, MG Nandi, S Pratt, DK Tian, W Zarestky, JL Ni, N Thaler, A Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC McQueeney, RJ Goldman, AI AF Kreyssig, A. Kim, M. G. Nandi, S. Pratt, D. K. Tian, W. Zarestky, J. L. Ni, N. Thaler, A. Bud'ko, S. L. Canfield, P. C. McQueeney, R. J. Goldman, A. I. TI Suppression of antiferromagnetic order and orthorhombic distortion in superconducting Ba(Fe0.961Rh0.039)(2)As-2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB Neutron-diffraction and high-resolution x-ray diffraction studies find that, similar to the closely related underdoped Ba(Fe1-xCox)(2)As-2 superconducting compounds, Ba(Fe0.961Rh0.039)(2)As-2 shows strong evidence of competition and coexistence between superconductivity and antiferromagnetic order below the superconducting transition, T-c=14 K. The transition temperatures for both the magnetic order and orthorhombic distortion are in excellent agreement with those inferred from resistivity measurements, and both order parameters manifest a distinct decrease in magnitude below T-c. These data suggest that the strong interaction between magnetism and superconductivity is a general feature of electron-doped Ba(Fe1-xTMx)(2)As-2 superconductors (TM=transition metal). C1 [Kreyssig, A.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kreyssig, A (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Kim, Min Gyu/B-8637-2012; Tian, Wei/C-8604-2013; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Thaler, Alexander/J-5741-2014; McQueeney, Robert/A-2864-2016 OI Kim, Min Gyu/0000-0001-7676-454X; Tian, Wei/0000-0001-7735-3187; Thaler, Alexander/0000-0001-5066-8904; McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Scientific User Facilities Division FX We thank A. Kracher for performing the WDS measurements. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. The research was performed at the Ames Laboratory. Ames Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. Work at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Scientific User Facilities Division. NR 23 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 13 AR 134512 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.134512 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590ES UT WOS:000277207900087 ER PT J AU Lazarevic, N Popovic, ZV Hu, RW Petrovic, C AF Lazarevic, N. Popovic, Z. V. Hu, Rongwei Petrovic, C. TI Evidence for electron-phonon interaction in Fe1-xMxSb2 (M=Co and Cr; 0 <= x <= 0.5) single crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING AB We have measured polarized Raman scattering spectra of the Fe1-xCoxSb2 and Fe1-xCrxSb2 (0 <= x <= 0.5) single crystals in the temperature range between 15 and 300 K. The highest energy B-1g symmetry mode shows significant line asymmetry due to phonon-mode coupling-width electronic background. The coupling constant achieves the highest value at about 40 K and after that it remains temperature independent. Origin of additional mode broadening is pure anharmonic. Below 40 K the coupling is drastically reduced, in agreement with transport properties measurements. Alloying of FeSb2 with Co and Cr produces the B-1g mode narrowing, i.e., weakening of the electron-phonon interaction. In the case of A(g) symmetry modes we have found a significant mode mixing. C1 [Lazarevic, N.; Popovic, Z. V.] Inst Phys, Ctr Solid State Phys & New Mat, Belgrade 11080, Serbia. [Hu, Rongwei; Petrovic, C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lazarevic, N (reprint author), Inst Phys, Ctr Solid State Phys & New Mat, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade 11080, Serbia. RI Lazarevic, Nenad/C-3254-2012; Hu, Rongwei/E-7128-2012; Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009 OI Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881 FU Serbian Ministry of Science and Technological Development [141047]; Brookhaven Science Associates [DE-Ac02-98CH10886] FX We have the pleasure to thank Zorana Dohcevic-Mitrovic for helpful discussion. This work was supported by the Serbian Ministry of Science and Technological Development under Project No. 141047. Part of this work was carried out at the Brookhaven National Laboratory which is operated for the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy by Brookhaven Science Associates (Grant No. DE-Ac02-98CH10886). NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 14 AR 144302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.144302 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590FN UT WOS:000277210200063 ER PT J AU Littlewood, PB Mihaila, B Albers, RC AF Littlewood, P. B. Mihaila, B. Albers, R. C. TI Electron-phonon coupling in semimetals in a high magnetic field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOSTRICTION; BISMUTH AB We consider the effect of electron-phonon coupling in semimetals in high magnetic fields with regard to elastic modes that can lead to a redistribution of carriers between pockets. We show that in a clean three-dimensional system, at each Landau-level crossing, this leads to a discontinuity in the magnetostriction, and a divergent contribution to the elastic modulus. We estimate the magnitude of this effect in the group V semimetal bismuth. C1 [Littlewood, P. B.] Univ Cambridge, Condensed Matter Theory Grp, Cavevdish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Mihaila, B.; Albers, R. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Littlewood, PB (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Condensed Matter Theory Grp, Cavevdish Lab, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. RI Littlewood, Peter/B-7746-2008; Mihaila, Bogdan/D-8795-2013 OI Mihaila, Bogdan/0000-0002-1489-8814 FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); Los Alamos National Laboratory under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy FX P. B. L. thanks Los Alamos National Laboratory and the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory for hospitality during this work. We are grateful to S. Riggs for discussions and for the sight of preliminary data. The authors gratefully acknowledge useful conversations with D. L. Smith. This work was supported in part by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and the Los Alamos National Laboratory under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 14 AR 144421 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.144421 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590FN UT WOS:000277210200085 ER PT J AU Louca, D Horigane, K Llobet, A Arita, R Ji, S Katayama, N Konbu, S Nakamura, K Koo, TY Tong, P Yamada, K AF Louca, Despina Horigane, K. Llobet, A. Arita, R. Ji, S. Katayama, N. Konbu, S. Nakamura, K. Koo, T. -Y. Tong, P. Yamada, K. TI Local atomic structure of superconducting FeSe1-xTex SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID IRON; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SMFEASO1-XFX; ORDER AB The isovalent substitution of Te for Se in the superconducting alpha-FeSe raises T-C where the average chalcogen-Fe bond angle decreases and the chalcogen-Fe distance increases. Locally, however, the Se and Te ions do not share the same site and have two distinct z coordinates, in contrast to what is presumed in the P4/nmm symmetry. The local bond angle between the chalcogens and Fe increases with the substitution, consistent with the rise in T-C, the Fe-Te bonds become shorter than in the binary FeTe, while the Fe-Se bonds stay the same as in the binary. Ab initio calculations based on spin density functional theory yielded an optimized structure with distinct z coordinates for Se and Te, in addition to a stronger hybridization of Te with Fe. C1 [Louca, Despina; Ji, S.; Katayama, N.; Tong, P.] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Horigane, K.] Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Llobet, A.; Yamada, K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Arita, R.; Konbu, S.; Nakamura, K.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. [Arita, R.; Nakamura, K.] TRIP, JST, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1020075, Japan. [Koo, T. -Y.] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang Accelerator Lab, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Louca, D (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RI Ji, Sungdae/G-3808-2010; Horigane, Kazumasa/B-7763-2010; Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009; Tong, Peng/B-6783-2011; Llobet, Anna/B-1672-2010; Arita, Ryotaro/D-5965-2012 OI Ji, Sungdae/0000-0001-6736-3103; Arita, Ryotaro/0000-0001-5725-072X FU U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science [DE-FG02-01ER45927] FX We thank Z. Tesanovic and M. Norman for helpful discussions. This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science under Grant No. DE-FG02-01ER45927 and the Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by the Los Alamos National Security LLC. NR 34 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 37 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 13 AR 134524 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.134524 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590ES UT WOS:000277207900099 ER PT J AU Ovsyannikov, SV Polian, A Munsch, P Chervin, JC Le Marchand, G Aselage, TL AF Ovsyannikov, Sergey V. Polian, Alain Munsch, Pascal Chervin, Jean-Claude Le Marchand, Gilles Aselage, Terrence L. TI Raman spectroscopy of B12As2 and B12P2 up to 120 GPa: Evidence for structural distortion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE PROPERTIES; BORON-CARBIDE; SOLID BORON; DIAMOND AB We report results of Raman spectroscopy studies on single crystals of B12P2 and B12As2 under pressure to 120 GPa at 300 K. In the 75-85 GPa range in both compounds several additional modes appear while several other split. These results evidence a transition to a distorted structure with a strong deformation of the icosahedra. The Raman spectra measured at ambient down from 120 GPa show that this transformation is reversible. C1 [Ovsyannikov, Sergey V.; Polian, Alain; Munsch, Pascal; Chervin, Jean-Claude; Le Marchand, Gilles] Univ Paris 06, Inst Mineral & Phys Milieux Condenses, CNRS, F-75015 Paris, France. [Ovsyannikov, Sergey V.] Russian Acad Sci, Urals Div, Inst Met Phys, High Pressure Grp, Ekaterinburg 620041, Russia. [Aselage, Terrence L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ovsyannikov, SV (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Inst Mineral & Phys Milieux Condenses, CNRS, 140 Rue Lourmel, F-75015 Paris, France. EM sergey2503@gmail.com RI Ovsyannikov, Sergey/J-7802-2012; Polian, Alain/E-1555-2017 OI Ovsyannikov, Sergey/0000-0003-1027-0998; Polian, Alain/0000-0003-2261-9114 FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [07-08-00338]; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL8500] FX One of us, S.V.O., acknowledges the financial support from the "Mairie de Paris" and from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 07-08-00338). Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Co., for the United States Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL8500. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 14 AR 140103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.140103 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590FN UT WOS:000277210200003 ER PT J AU Pratt, DK Kreyssig, A Nandi, S Ni, N Thaler, A Lumsden, MD Tian, W Zarestky, JL Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC Goldman, AI McQueeney, RJ AF Pratt, D. K. Kreyssig, A. Nandi, S. Ni, N. Thaler, A. Lumsden, M. D. Tian, W. Zarestky, J. L. Bud'ko, S. L. Canfield, P. C. Goldman, A. I. McQueeney, R. J. TI Dispersion of the superconducting spin resonance in underdoped and antiferromagnetic BaFe2As2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID T-C; UPD2AL3 AB Inelastic neutron-scattering measurements have been performed on underdoped Ba(Fe1-xCox)(2)As-2 (x=4.7%) where superconductivity and long-range antiferromagnetic (AFM) order coexist. The magnetic spectrum found in the normal state is strongly damped and develops into a magnetic resonance feature below T-c that has appreciable dispersion along c axis with a bandwidth of 3-4 meV. This is in contrast to the optimally doped x=8.0% composition, with no long-range AFM order, where the resonance exhibits a much weaker dispersion. [see M. D. Lumsden et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 107005 (2009).] The results suggest that the resonance dispersion arises from interlayer spin correlations present in the AFM ordered state. C1 [Pratt, D. K.; Kreyssig, A.; Nandi, S.; Ni, N.; Thaler, A.; Tian, W.; Zarestky, J. L.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.; Goldman, A. I.; McQueeney, R. J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Pratt, D. K.; Kreyssig, A.; Nandi, S.; Ni, N.; Thaler, A.; Tian, W.; Zarestky, J. L.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.; Goldman, A. I.; McQueeney, R. J.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lumsden, M. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pratt, DK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Tian, Wei/C-8604-2013; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Thaler, Alexander/J-5741-2014; McQueeney, Robert/A-2864-2016; Lumsden, Mark/F-5366-2012 OI Tian, Wei/0000-0001-7735-3187; Thaler, Alexander/0000-0001-5066-8904; McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602; Lumsden, Mark/0000-0002-5472-9660 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science [DE-AC02 07CH11358]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX The authors would like to thank J. Schmalian, V. P. Antropov, M. R. Norman, R. M. Fernandes, and I. Eremin for valuable comments. Work at the Ames Laboratory is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Contract No. DE-AC02 07CH11358. Work at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 23 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 14 AR 140510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.140510 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590FN UT WOS:000277210200029 ER PT J AU Ratcliff, W Kienzle, PA Lynn, JW Li, SL Dai, PC Chen, GF Wang, NL AF Ratcliff, W. Kienzle, P. A. Lynn, Jeffrey W. Li, Shiliang Dai, Pengcheng Chen, G. F. Wang, N. L. TI Magnetic form factor of SrFe2As2: Neutron diffraction measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED LAGRANGIAN-METHODS; SUPERCONDUCTORS AB Neutron diffraction measurements have been carried out to investigate the magnetic form factor of the parent SrFe2As2 system of the iron-based superconductors. The general feature is that the form factor is approximately isotropic in wave vector, indicating that multiple d orbitals of the iron atoms are occupied as expected based on band theory. Inversion of the diffraction data suggests that there is some elongation of the spin density toward the As atoms. We have also extended the diffraction measurements to investigate a possible jump in the c-axis lattice parameter at the structural phase transition but find no detectable change within the experimental uncertainties. C1 [Ratcliff, W.; Kienzle, P. A.; Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Shiliang; Dai, Pengcheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dai, Pengcheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Li, Shiliang; Dai, Pengcheng; Chen, G. F.; Wang, N. L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Ratcliff, W (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Li, Shiliang/B-9379-2009; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170 FU U.S. DOE, BES, through DOE [DE-FG02-05ER46202]; U.S. DOE, Division of Scientific User Facilities; CAS; 973 Program [2010CB833102] FX The work at UT/ORNL is supported by the U.S. DOE, BES, through DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-05ER46202, and in part by the U.S. DOE, Division of Scientific User Facilities. The work at IOP, CAS is supported by CAS and 973 Program ( Program No. 2010CB833102). NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 14 AR 140502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.140502 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590FN UT WOS:000277210200021 ER PT J AU Reed, EJ AF Reed, Evan J. TI Atomic transformation pathways from terahertz radiation generated by shock-induced phase transformations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; HIGH-PRESSURE; TRANSITION; MECHANISM; WURTZITE; POLARIZATION; ELECTRON; WAVES AB This work shows that detectable terahertz (THz) frequency radiation can be emitted when a wurtzite-structure crystal transforms to a rocksalt structure under shock compression on picosecond time scales. Information about the atomic-scale transformation pathway is contained in the sign of the emitted THz electric field and information about the kinetics is contained in the time dependence. This phenomenon provides an avenue to experimental measurement of microscopic transformation pathways in crystals on the shortest (picosecond) time scales. C1 [Reed, Evan J.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94304 USA. [Reed, Evan J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Reed, EJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94304 USA. EM evanreed@stanford.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The author is grateful for helpful conversations with Michael Armstrong, Aaron Lindenberg, Richard Martin, and Babak Sadiqh. This work was supported by the LLNL LDRD program and performed in part under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 14 AR 144123 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.144123 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590FN UT WOS:000277210200053 ER PT J AU Sasmal, K Lv, B Tang, Z Wei, FY Xue, YY Guloy, AM Chu, CW AF Sasmal, K. Lv, B. Tang, Z. Wei, F. Y. Xue, Y. Y. Guloy, A. M. Chu, C. W. TI Lower critical field, anisotropy, and two-gap features of LiFeAs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANDREEV-REFLECTION SPECTROSCOPY; NODELESS SUPERCONDUCTING GAPS AB The magnetic properties of LiFeAs, as single crystalline and polycrystalline samples, were investigated. The lower critical field deduced from the vortex penetration of two single crystals appears to be almost isotropic with a temperature dependence closer to that of two-gap superconductors. The parameters extracted from the reversible magnetizations of sintered polycrystalline samples are in good agreement with those from the single-crystal data. C1 [Sasmal, K.; Wei, F. Y.; Xue, Y. Y.; Chu, C. W.] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Sasmal, K.; Lv, B.; Tang, Z.; Wei, F. Y.; Xue, Y. Y.; Guloy, A. M.] Univ Houston, TCSUH, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Lv, B.; Tang, Z.; Guloy, A. M.] Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Chu, C. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chu, C. W.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Sasmal, K (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RI Lv, Bing/E-3485-2010 FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; T. L. L. Temple Foundation; John J. and Rebecca Moores Endowment; State of Texas through the Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; NSF [CHE-0616805]; R.A. Welch Foundation FX We thank V. Hadjiev for help in the Raman measurements of the crystals. The work in Houston is supported in part by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the T. L. L. Temple Foundation, the John J. and Rebecca Moores Endowment, and the State of Texas through the Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston; and at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. A. M. G., B.L., and Z.T. acknowledge support from the NSF (Grant No. CHE-0616805) and the R.A. Welch Foundation. NR 28 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 14 AR 144512 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.144512 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590FN UT WOS:000277210200108 ER PT J AU Sebastian, SE Harrison, N Altarawneh, MM Liang, RX Bonn, DA Hardy, WN Lonzarich, GG AF Sebastian, Suchitra E. Harrison, N. Altarawneh, M. M. Liang, Ruixing Bonn, D. A. Hardy, W. N. Lonzarich, G. G. TI Fermi-liquid behavior in an underdoped high-T-c superconductor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INSULATOR; SURFACE; PHYSICS AB We use magnetic quantum oscillations in the underdoped high T-c superconductor YBa2Cu3O6+x (x approximate to 0.56) measured over a broad range of temperatures 100 mK < T < 18 K to extract the form of the distribution function describing the low-lying quasiparticle excitations in high magnetic fields. Despite the proximity of YBa2Cu3O6.56 to a Mott insulating state, various broken symmetry ground states and/or states with different quasiparticle statistics, we find that our experimental results can be understood in terms of quasiparticle excitations obeying Fermi-Dirac statistics as in the Landau-Fermi liquid theory. C1 [Sebastian, Suchitra E.; Lonzarich, G. G.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 OHE, England. [Harrison, N.; Altarawneh, M. M.] LANL, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Liang, Ruixing; Bonn, D. A.; Hardy, W. N.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Liang, Ruixing; Bonn, D. A.; Hardy, W. N.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. RP Sebastian, SE (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 OHE, England. EM suchitra@phy.cam.ac.uk; nharrison@lanl.gov OI Harrison, Neil/0000-0001-5456-7756 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; NSF, Division of Materials Science and Engineering; State of Florida; Royal Society; Trinity College (University of Cambridge) FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, the NSF, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, the State of Florida, the Royal Society, and Trinity College (University of Cambridge). NR 21 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 14 AR 140505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.140505 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590FN UT WOS:000277210200024 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, DP Seshadri, R Hector, AL Llobet, A Proffen, T Fennie, CJ AF Shoemaker, Daniel P. Seshadri, Ram Hector, Andrew L. Llobet, Anna Proffen, Thomas Fennie, Craig J. TI Atomic displacements in the charge ice pyrochlore Bi2Ti2O6O ' studied by neutron total scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS SYMMETRY MEASURES; MAXIMUM-ENTROPY METHOD; ELECTRON-DENSITY-DISTRIBUTION; LOCAL CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; STATISTICAL MECHANICS; DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; INFORMATION THEORY; SPIN ICE; DISORDER AB The oxide pyrochlore Bi2Ti2O6O' is known to be associated with large displacements of Bi and O' atoms from their ideal crystallographic positions. Neutron total scattering, analyzed in both reciprocal and real space, is employed here to understand the nature of these displacements. Rietveld analysis and maximum entropy methods are used to produce an average picture of the structural nonideality. Local structure is modeled via large-box reverse Monte Carlo simulations constrained simultaneously by the Bragg profile and real-space pair distribution function. Direct visualization and statistical analyses of these models show the precise nature of the static Bi and O' displacements. Correlations between neighboring Bi displacements are analyzed using coordinates from the large-box simulations. The framework of continuous symmetry measures has been applied to distributions of O'Bi-4 tetrahedra to examine deviations from ideality. Bi displacements from ideal positions appear correlated over local length scales. The results are consistent with the idea that these nonmagnetic lone-pair containing pyrochlore compounds can be regarded as highly structurally frustrated systems. C1 [Shoemaker, Daniel P.; Seshadri, Ram] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Shoemaker, Daniel P.; Seshadri, Ram] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hector, Andrew L.] Univ Southampton, Sch Chem, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Llobet, Anna; Proffen, Thomas] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fennie, Craig J.] Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Shoemaker, DP (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM dshoe@mrl.ucsb.edu RI Hector, Andrew/B-8344-2009; Llobet, Anna/B-1672-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Seshadri, Ram/C-4205-2013; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009 OI Hector, Andrew/0000-0002-9964-2163; Seshadri, Ram/0000-0001-5858-4027; Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031 FU National Science Foundation [DMR 0449354]; MRSEC [DMR 0520415]; DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We thank M. Pinsky and D. Avnir for providing the CSM script, and we thank K. L. Page, R. L. Withers, M. G. Tucker, and A. L. Goodwin for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the Institute for Multiscale Materials Studies and the National Science Foundation through a Career Award No. DMR 0449354, to R. S. and MRSEC facilities (Grant No. DMR 0520415). Neutron scattering was performed on NPDF at the Lujan Center at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, funded by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC under DOE under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 57 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 14 AR 144113 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.144113 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590FN UT WOS:000277210200043 ER PT J AU Springell, R Langridge, S Wildes, A Wilkins, SB Sanchez-Hanke, C Moore, KT Butterfield, MT Chivall, J Ward, RCC Wells, MR Lander, GH AF Springell, R. Langridge, S. Wildes, A. Wilkins, S. B. Sanchez-Hanke, C. Moore, K. T. Butterfield, M. T. Chivall, J. Ward, R. C. C. Wells, M. R. Lander, G. H. TI Chemical and magnetic structure of uranium/gadolinium multilayers studied by transmission electron microscopy, neutron scattering, and x-ray reflectivity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL EXTERNAL REFLECTION; ROUGHNESS CORRELATIONS; INTERFACIAL ROUGHNESS; DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; DIFFRACTION; SURFACES; SUPERLATTICES; REFLECTOMETRY; SPINTRONICS; INJECTION AB We present a multitechnique approach to study the detailed chemical and magnetic structure of uranium/gadolinium multilayers. At low temperature the saturation magnetization is found to be similar to 60% of that of bulk gadolinium. We address this problem, which is found in many other multilayers and suggest a model that may have wider applications. transmission electron microscopy images indicate a microstructure, consistent with a columnar growth of Gd with crystallites of the order 20 -> 100 angstrom. Off-specular neutron scattering is most strongly visible at saturation field, indicating that Gd moments are not aligned with the applied field. X-ray resonant magnetic scattering provides proof of coupled in-plane length scales for both the structural and the magnetic roughness. A detailed x-ray scattering study of both the specular and off-specular reflectivities has been used to investigate the in-plane structure of the multilayers. We calculate the roughness and transverse correlation cut-off length, xi(x) = 120 +/- 30 angstrom, and present a simple model to determine an average column size of 27 +/- 6 angstrom and a reduction in the magnetic saturation of similar to 40%. C1 [Springell, R.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Springell, R.; Chivall, J.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Langridge, S.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Wildes, A.] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Wilkins, S. B.; Sanchez-Hanke, C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Moore, K. T.; Butterfield, M. T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Ward, R. C. C.; Wells, M. R.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Lander, G. H.] Inst Transuranium Elements, JRC, European Commiss, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Springell, R (reprint author), European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France. EM ross.springell@ucl.ac.uk OI Langridge, Sean/0000-0003-1104-0772 FU ITU; JRC Karlsruhe FX J. Chivall would like to thank the EPSRC, U.K. Our group would like to thank the Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE), U.K. for providing the depleted U target and ITU, JRC Karlsruhe for financial assistance. We also owe our gratitude to R. A. Cowley, W. G. Stirling, and S. W. Zochowski for useful discussions. NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 13 AR 134434 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.134434 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590ES UT WOS:000277207900069 ER PT J AU Stock, C Van Eijck, L Fouquet, P Maccarini, M Gehring, PM Xu, GY Luo, H Zhao, X Li, JF Viehland, D AF Stock, C. Van Eijck, L. Fouquet, P. Maccarini, M. Gehring, P. M. Xu, Guangyong Luo, H. Zhao, X. Li, J. -F. Viehland, D. TI Interplay between static and dynamic polar correlations in relaxor Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; FERROELECTRIC PBMG1/3NB2/3O3; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; CENTRAL-PEAK; BEHAVIOR; SOFT; MODE AB We have characterized the dynamics of the polar nanoregions in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3 through high-resolution neutron-backscattering and spin-echo measurements of the diffuse-scattering cross section. We find that the diffuse-scattering intensity consists of both static and dynamic components. The static component first appears at the Curie temperature Theta similar to 400 K while the dynamic component freezes completely at the temperature T-f similar to 200 K; together, these components account for all of the observed spectral weight contributing to the diffuse-scattering cross section. The integrated intensity of the dynamic component peaks near the temperature at which the frequency-dependent dielectric constant reaches a maximum (T-max) when measured at 1 GHz, i.e., on a time scale of similar to 1 ns. Our neutron-scattering results can thus be directly related to dielectric and infrared measurements of the polar nanoregions. Finally, the global temperature dependence of the diffuse scattering can be understood in terms of just two temperature scales, which is consistent with random-field models. C1 [Stock, C.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Van Eijck, L.; Fouquet, P.; Maccarini, M.] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Gehring, P. M.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Guangyong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Luo, H.; Zhao, X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Ceram, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Li, J. -F.; Viehland, D.] Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Stock, C (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RI Fouquet, Peter/B-5212-2008; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; Zhao, Xiangyong/A-1743-2013; Maccarini, Marco/A-1894-2015; OI Fouquet, Peter/0000-0002-5542-0059; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; Maccarini, Marco/0000-0002-4555-3288; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 NR 52 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 14 AR 144127 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.144127 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590FN UT WOS:000277210200057 ER PT J AU Takagi, S Subedi, A Singh, DJ Cooper, VR AF Takagi, Shigeyuki Subedi, Alaska Singh, David J. Cooper, Valentino R. TI Polar behavior of the double perovskites BiMZnNbO6 (M=Pb and Sr) from density-functional calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MORPHOTROPIC PHASE-BOUNDARY; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; POLARIZATION ROTATION; STABILITY; CERAMICS; PIEZOELECTRICS; INSTABILITIES; ORIGIN; SYSTEM AB The polar behavior of double perovskite BiPbZnNbO6 and BiSrZnNbO6 was investigated using first-principles density-functional calculations within the local-density approximation. These materials have both A-site size disorder and ions with stereochemical activity. We found a strong ferroelectric distortion in both materials. The polarization of the Pb material is >80 mu C/cm(2) along the rhombohedral direction and the Sr-based material is only slightly inferior. The high polarization results mainly from a large off-centering of Bi and the large Born effective charge of Nb, which yields a large contribution to the polarization although the Nb off-centers by a smaller amount. Neither of these materials favors a tetragonal state, and therefore solid solutions with PbTiO3 may show morphotropic phase boundaries. C1 [Takagi, Shigeyuki; Subedi, Alaska; Singh, David J.; Cooper, Valentino R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Takagi, Shigeyuki; Subedi, Alaska] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Takagi, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Cooper, Valentino /A-2070-2012; Takagi, Shigeyuki/D-1301-2013 OI Cooper, Valentino /0000-0001-6714-4410; Takagi, Shigeyuki/0000-0002-8434-7946 FU Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Naval Research FX We are grateful for helpful discussions with M. Fornari and M. H. Du. This work was supported by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (A.S., V.R.C., D.J.S.) and the Office of Naval Research (S.T., D.J.S.). NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 13 AR 134106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.134106 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590ES UT WOS:000277207900022 ER PT J AU Tian, W Christianson, AD Zarestky, JL Jia, S Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC Piccoli, PMB Schultz, AJ AF Tian, W. Christianson, A. D. Zarestky, J. L. Jia, S. Bud'ko, S. L. Canfield, P. C. Piccoli, P. M. B. Schultz, A. J. TI Magnetic order in TbCo2Zn20 and TbFe2Zn20 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CECR2AL20; RH; RU; CO AB We report neutron diffraction studies of TbCo2Zn20 and TbFe2Zn20, two isostructural compounds which exhibit dramatically different magnetic behavior. In the case of TbCo2Zn20, magnetic Bragg peaks corresponding to antiferromagnetic order are observed below T-N approximate to 2.5 K with a propagation vector of (0.5 0.5 0.5). On the other hand, TbFe2Zn20 undergoes a ferromagnetic transition at temperatures as high as 66 K which shows a high sensitivity to sample-to-sample variations. Two samples of TbFe2Zn20 with the same nominal compositions but with substantially different magnetic ordering temperatures (T-c approximate to 51 and 66 K) were measured by single-crystal neutron diffraction. Structural refinements of the neutron diffraction data find no direct signature of atomic site disorder between the two TbFe2Zn20 samples except for subtle differences in the anisotropic thermal parameters. The differences in the anisotropic thermal parameters between the two samples are likely due to very small amounts of disorder. This provides further evidence for the extreme sensitivity of the magnetic properties of TbFe2Zn20 to small sample variations, even small amounts of disorder. C1 [Tian, W.; Zarestky, J. L.; Jia, S.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Tian, W.; Zarestky, J. L.; Jia, S.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Christianson, A. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Piccoli, P. M. B.; Schultz, A. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tian, W (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Tian, Wei/C-8604-2013; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; christianson, andrew/A-3277-2016 OI Tian, Wei/0000-0001-7735-3187; christianson, andrew/0000-0003-3369-5884 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH111358]; Scientific User Facility Division, Office of Basic Energy Science, DOE; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We would like to thank V.O. Garlea for helping with the TbCo2Zn20 magnetic structure refinement. Ames Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH111358. Work at ORNL was supported by the Scientific User Facility Division, Office of Basic Energy Science, DOE. Work at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 14 AR 144409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.144409 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590FN UT WOS:000277210200073 ER PT J AU Wang, XY Daghofer, M Nicholson, A Moreo, A Guidry, M Dagotto, E AF Wang, Xiaoyu Daghofer, Maria Nicholson, Andrew Moreo, Adriana Guidry, Michael Dagotto, Elbio TI Constraints imposed by symmetry on pairing operators for the iron pnictides SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; LAYERED QUATERNARY COMPOUND; PHASE-DIAGRAM; ENERGY-BANDS; BA0.6K0.4FE2AS2; SPECTROSCOPY; INSTABILITY; GAPS AB Considering model Hamiltonians that respect the symmetry properties of the pnictides, it is argued that pairing interactions that couple electrons in different orbitals with an orbital-dependent pairing strength inevitably lead to interband pairing matrix elements, at least in some regions of the Brillouin zone. Such interband pairing has not been considered of relevance in multiorbital systems in previous investigations. It is also observed that if, instead, a purely intraband pairing interaction is postulated, this requires that the pairing operator has the form Delta dagger(k) = f(k)Sigma(alpha)d(k,alpha dagger)(dagger)d(-k,alpha,down arrow)(dagger). where alpha labels the orbitals considered in the model and f(k) arises from the spatial location of the coupled electrons or holes. This means that the gaps at two different Fermi surfaces involving momenta k(F) and k'(F) can only differ by the ratio f(k(F))/f(k'(F)) and that electrons in different orbitals must be subject to the same pairing attraction, thus, requiring fine tuning. These results suggest that previously neglected interband pairing tendencies could actually be of relevance in a microscopic description of the pairing mechanism in the pnictides. C1 [Wang, Xiaoyu; Daghofer, Maria; Nicholson, Andrew; Moreo, Adriana; Guidry, Michael; Dagotto, Elbio] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wang, Xiaoyu; Daghofer, Maria; Nicholson, Andrew; Moreo, Adriana; Guidry, Michael; Dagotto, Elbio] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wang, Xiaoyu] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Elect Commun & Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Daghofer, Maria] IFW Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. RP Wang, XY (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Daghofer, Maria/C-5762-2008 OI Daghofer, Maria/0000-0001-9434-8937 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0706020]; Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; DFG under the Emmy-Noether program FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant No. DMR-0706020 and by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. M. D. acknowledges partial support from the DFG under the Emmy-Noether program. NR 66 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 14 AR 144509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.144509 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590FN UT WOS:000277210200105 ER PT J AU Wee, SH Goyal, A Specht, ED Cantoni, C Zuev, YL Selvamanickam, V Cook, S AF Wee, Sung Hun Goyal, Amit Specht, Eliot D. Cantoni, Claudia Zuev, Yuri L. Selvamanickam, V. Cook, Sy TI Enhanced flux pinning and critical current density via incorporation of self-assembled rare-earth barium tantalate nanocolumns within YBa2Cu3O7-delta films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COLUMNAR DEFECTS; SUPERCONDUCTOR; NANODOTS AB We report rare-earth barium tantalates, Ba2RETaO6 (BRETO, RE=rare earth elements) as promising pinning additives for superior flux pinning in YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) films. BRETO compounds have excellent chemical inertness to and large lattice mismatch with YBCO. This results in phase separation and strain minimization driven self-assembly of BRETO nanocolumns within YBCO films. YBCO+4 vol % Ba2GdTaO6 films show similar T-c to that of an undoped film of similar to 88.3 K, a higher self- field J(c) of 3.8 MA/cm(2) at 77 K, and improved in-field J(c) higher by a factor of 1.5-6 over entire magnetic field and angular ranges. C1 [Wee, Sung Hun; Goyal, Amit; Specht, Eliot D.; Cantoni, Claudia; Zuev, Yuri L.; Cook, Sy] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wee, Sung Hun] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Zuev, Yuri L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Selvamanickam, V.] Univ Houston, Dept Mech Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Wee, SH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009; Cantoni, Claudia/G-3031-2013 OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163; Cantoni, Claudia/0000-0002-9731-2021 FU U.S. DOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability-Advanced Cables and Conductors [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX We would like to thank Cliffard C. Davisson for preparing the YBCO+Ba2RETaO6 targets by powder mixing, compaction, and sintering. A. Goyal would like to thank SuperPower Inc. for providing the Hastelloy substrates with the multilayer configuration of IBAD MgO layer/Homoepitaxial MgO layer/Epitaxial LaMnO3. This research was sponsored by the U.S. DOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability-Advanced Cables and Conductors under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC managing contractor for Oak Ridge National Laboratory. NR 17 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 14 AR 140503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.140503 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590FN UT WOS:000277210200022 ER PT J AU Wei, F Chen, F Sasmal, K Lv, B Tang, ZJ Xue, YY Guloy, AM Chu, CW AF Wei, F. Chen, F. Sasmal, K. Lv, B. Tang, Z. J. Xue, Y. Y. Guloy, A. M. Chu, C. W. TI Evidence for multiple gaps in the specific heat of LiFeAs crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB The zero-field specific heat of LiFeAs was measured on several single crystals selected from a bulk sample. A sharp Delta C(p)/T(c) anomaly approximate to 20 mJ/mole K(2) was observed. The value appears to be between those of SmFeAs(O(0.9)F(0.1)) and (Ba(0.6)K(0.4))Fe(2)As(2) but bears no clear correlation with their Sommerfeld coefficients. The electronic specific heat below T(c) further reveals a two-gap structure with the narrower one only on the order of 0.7 meV. While the results are in rough agreement with the H(c1)(T) previously reported on both LiFeAs and (Ba(0.6)K(0.4))Fe(2)As(2), they are different from the published specific-heat data of a (Ba(0.6)K(0.4))Fe(2)As(2) single crystal. C1 [Wei, F.; Chen, F.; Sasmal, K.; Xue, Y. Y.; Chu, C. W.] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Wei, F.; Chen, F.; Sasmal, K.; Lv, B.; Tang, Z. J.; Xue, Y. Y.; Guloy, A. M.; Chu, C. W.] Univ Houston, TCSUH, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Lv, B.; Tang, Z. J.; Guloy, A. M.] Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Chu, C. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chu, C. W.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Wei, F (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RI Lv, Bing/E-3485-2010 FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; T. L. L. Temple Foundation; John J. and Rebecca Moores Endowment; Robert A. Welch Foundation [E-1297]; State of Texas through the Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX The work in Houston is supported in part by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the T. L. L. Temple Foundation, the John J. and Rebecca Moores Endowment, the Robert A. Welch Foundation (under Grant No. E-1297), and the State of Texas through the Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston; and at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 22 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 13 AR 134527 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.134527 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590ES UT WOS:000277207900102 ER PT J AU Wen, JS Xu, GY Gu, GD Shapiro, SM AF Wen, Jinsheng Xu, Guangyong Gu, Genda Shapiro, S. M. TI Robust charge and magnetic orders under electric field and current in multiferroic LuFe2O4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-BREAKDOWN; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SYSTEM LUFE2O4; DENSITY-WAVE AB We performed elastic neutron-scattering measurements on the charge and magnetically ordered multiferroic material LuFe2O4. An external electric field along the [001] direction with strength up to 20 kV/cm applied at low temperature (similar to 100 K) does not affect either the charge or magnetic structure. At higher temperatures (similar to 360 K), before the transition to three-dimensional charge-ordered state, the resistivity of the sample is low, and an electric current was applied instead. A reduction in the charge and magnetic peak intensities occurs when the sample is cooled under a constant electric current. However, after calibrating the real sample temperature using its own resistance-temperature curve, we show that the actual sample temperature is higher than the thermometer readings, and the "intensity reduction" is entirely due to internal sample heating by the applied current. Our results suggest that the charge and magnetic orders in LuFe2O4 are unaffected by the application of external electric field and current, and previously observed electric-field and current effects can be naturally explained by internal sample heating. C1 [Wen, Jinsheng; Xu, Guangyong; Gu, Genda; Shapiro, S. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Wen, Jinsheng] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Wen, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Wen, Jinsheng/F-4209-2010; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010 OI Wen, Jinsheng/0000-0001-5864-1466; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH20886] FX We thank W. Ratcliff and M. Hucker for helpful discussions. Work at Brookhaven National Laboratory is supported by U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH20886. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 14 AR 144121 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.144121 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590FN UT WOS:000277210200051 ER PT J AU Zheng, JC Frenkel, AI Wu, L Hanson, J Ku, W Bozin, ES Billinge, SJL Zhu, YM AF Zheng, Jin-Cheng Frenkel, A. I. Wu, L. Hanson, J. Ku, W. Bozin, E. S. Billinge, S. J. L. Zhu, Yimei TI Nanoscale disorder and local electronic properties of CaCu3Ti4O12: An integrated study of electron, neutron, and x-ray diffraction, x-ray absorption fine structure, and first-principles calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; CHARGE-TRANSFER; SCATTERING; ORDER; PEROVSKITES; CRYSTALS; ACCURATE; DENSITIES; SPECTRA; GAS AB We report a combined experimental and theoretical study of CaCu3Ti4O12. Based on our experimental observations of nanoscale regions of Ca-Cu antisite defects in part of the structure, we carried out density-functional theory (DFT) calculations that suggest a possible electronic mechanism to explain the gigantic dielectric response in this material. The defects are evident in atomically resolved transmission electron microscopy measurements, with supporting evidence from a quantitative analysis of the electron diffraction and DFT which suggests that such defects are reasonable on energetic grounds. To establish the extent of the defects, bulk average measurements of the local structure were carried out: extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), atomic pair-distribution function analysis of neutron powder-diffraction data, and single-crystal x-ray crystallography. The EXAFS data are consistent with the presence of the nanoclustered defects with an estimate of less than 10% of the sample being disordered while the neutron powder-diffraction experiments place an upper of similar to 5% on the proportion of the sample in the defective state. Because of the difficulty of quantifying nanoscale defects at such low levels, further work will be required to establish that this mechanism is operative in CaCu3Ti4O12 but it presents a nontraditional plausible avenue for understanding colossal dielectric behavior. C1 [Zheng, Jin-Cheng; Wu, L.; Hanson, J.; Ku, W.; Bozin, E. S.; Billinge, S. J. L.; Zhu, Yimei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Frenkel, A. I.] Yeshiva Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Bozin, E. S.; Billinge, S. J. L.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Zhu, YM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM zhu@bnl.gov RI Zheng, JC/G-3383-2010; Frenkel, Anatoly/D-3311-2011; Bozin, Emil/E-4679-2011; Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010 OI Zheng, JC/0000-0002-6292-3236; Frenkel, Anatoly/0000-0002-5451-1207; FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science [DE-FG02-03ER15476, DE-AC02-98CH10886]; DOE-CMSN FX We thank Morrel H. Cohen, David Vanderbilt, Weiguo Yin, and Peter Stephens for stimulating discussions. A. I. F. acknowledges support by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER15476. Work at Brookhaven was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 and DOE-CMSN. NR 67 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 14 AR 144203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.144203 PG 19 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 590FN UT WOS:000277210200061 ER PT J AU Abelev, BI Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alakhverdyants, AV Alekseev, I Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barnby, LS Baumgart, S Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Betancourt, MJ Betts, RR Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Biritz, B Bland, LC Bonner, BE Bouchet, J Braidot, E Brandin, AV Bridgeman, A Bruna, E Bueltmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Catu, O Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, KE Christie, W Chung, P Clarke, RF Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Dash, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG DePhillips, M Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Didenko, L Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Efimov, LG Elhalhuli, E Elnimr, M Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Eun, L Evdokimov, O Fachini, P Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Fersch, RG Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Ganti, MS Garcia-Solis, EJ Geromitsos, A Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YN Gordon, A Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Grube, B Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gupta, N Guryn, W Haag, B Hamed, A Han, LX Harris, JW Hays-Wehle, JP Heinz, M Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffman, AM Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Huo, L Igo, G Iordanova, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jakl, P Jena, C Jin, F Jones, CL Jones, PG Joseph, J Judd, EG Kabana, S Kajimoto, K Kang, K Kapitan, J Kauder, K Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Kikola, DP Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klein, SR Knospe, AG Kocoloski, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Kopytine, M Koralt, I Koroleva, L Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Krus, M Kumar, L Kurnadi, P Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, L Li, N Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, Z Lin, G Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Ma, GL Ma, YG Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mall, OI Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McDonald, D McShane, TS Meschanin, A Milner, R Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mischke, A Mitrovski, MK Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, B Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nattrass, C Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Ng, MJ Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okada, H Okorokov, V Olson, D Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Pile, P Planinic, M Ploskon, MA Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Poskanzer, AM Potukuchi, BVKS Powell, CB Prindle, D Pruneau, C Pruthi, NK Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Redwine, R Reed, R Rehberg, JM Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Sahoo, R Sakai, S Sakrejda, I Sakuma, T Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schuster, TR Seele, J Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shi, SS Shi, XH Sichtermann, EP Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Svirida, DN Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarini, LH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Tian, J Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Tram, VN Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Leeuwen, M van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Wada, M Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wingfield, E Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, Y Xie, W Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, W Xu, Y Xu, Z Xue, L Yang, Y Yepes, P Yip, K Yoo, IK Yue, Q Zawisza, M Zbroszczyk, H Zhan, W Zhang, S Zhang, WM Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhou, J Zhou, W Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y AF Abelev, B. I. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alakhverdyants, A. V. Alekseev, I. Anderson, B. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Barnby, L. S. Baumgart, S. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Betancourt, M. J. Betts, R. R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Biritz, B. Bland, L. C. Bonner, B. E. Bouchet, J. Braidot, E. Brandin, A. V. Bridgeman, A. Bruna, E. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Catu, O. Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, K. E. Christie, W. Chung, P. Clarke, R. F. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Das, D. Dash, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. DePhillips, M. Derevschikov, A. A. de Souza, R. Derradi Didenko, L. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Dunlop, J. C. Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta Efimov, L. G. Elhalhuli, E. Elnimr, M. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Fachini, P. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Fersch, R. G. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Ganti, M. S. Garcia-Solis, E. J. Geromitsos, A. Geurts, F. Ghazikhanian, V. Ghosh, P. Gorbunov, Y. N. Gordon, A. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Grube, B. Guertin, S. M. Gupta, A. Gupta, N. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hamed, A. Han, L. -X. Harris, J. W. Hays-Wehle, J. P. Heinz, M. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffman, A. M. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Huang, H. Z. Humanic, T. J. Huo, L. Igo, G. Iordanova, A. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jakl, P. Jena, C. Jin, F. Jones, C. L. Jones, P. G. Joseph, J. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kajimoto, K. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kauder, K. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kettler, D. Kikola, D. P. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Klein, S. R. Knospe, A. G. Kocoloski, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Kopytine, M. Koralt, I. Koroleva, L. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Krus, M. Kumar, L. Kurnadi, P. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. LaPointe, S. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C. -H. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, L. Li, N. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. Lin, G. Lindenbaum, S. J. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mall, O. I. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Meschanin, A. Milner, R. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mischke, A. Mitrovski, M. K. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, B. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Nandi, B. K. Nattrass, C. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Netrakanti, P. K. Ng, M. J. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Okada, H. Okorokov, V. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perevoztchikov, V. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Ploskon, M. A. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Poskanzer, A. M. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Powell, C. B. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Pruthi, N. K. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Redwine, R. Reed, R. Rehberg, J. M. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Roy, C. Ruan, L. Sahoo, R. Sakai, S. Sakrejda, I. Sakuma, T. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmitz, N. Schuster, T. R. Seele, J. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shi, S. S. Shi, X. H. Sichtermann, E. P. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Sorensen, P. Sowinski, J. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Staszak, D. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Subba, N. L. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Symons, T. J. M. de Toledo, A. Szanto Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarini, L. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Tian, J. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Tram, V. N. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ulery, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Leeuwen, M. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Wada, M. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wingfield, E. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. Xie, W. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, W. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xue, L. Yang, Y. Yepes, P. Yip, K. Yoo, I. -K. Yue, Q. Zawisza, M. Zbroszczyk, H. Zhan, W. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhou, J. Zhou, W. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. CA STAR Collaboration TI Charged and strange hadron elliptic flow in Cu plus Cu collisions at root s(NN)=62.4 and 200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; PHI-MESON PRODUCTION; ANISOTROPIC FLOW; PHASE-TRANSITION; CENTRALITY DEPENDENCE; SIGNATURE; STAR; COLLABORATION AB We present the results of an elliptic flow, v(2), analysis of Cu + Cu collisions recorded with the solenoidal tracker detector (STAR) at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at root s(NN) = 62.4 and 200 GeV. Elliptic flow as a function of transverse momentum, v(2)(p(T)), is reported for different collision centralities for charged hadrons h(+/-) and strangeness-ontaining hadrons K-S(0), Lambda, Xi, and phi in the midrapidity region vertical bar eta vertical bar < 1.0. Significant reduction in systematic uncertainty of the measurement due to nonflow effects has been achieved by correlating particles at midrapidity, vertical bar eta vertical bar < 1.0, with those at forward rapidity, 2.5 < vertical bar eta vertical bar < 4.0. We also present azimuthal correlations in p + p collisions at root s = 200 GeV to help in estimating nonflow effects. To study the system-size dependence of elliptic flow, we present a detailed comparison with previously published results from Au + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. We observe that v(2)(p(T)) of strange hadrons has similar scaling properties as were first observed in Au + Au collisions, that is, (i) at low transverse momenta, p(T) < 2 GeV/c, v(2) scales with transverse kinetic energy, m(T) - m, and (ii) at intermediate p(T), 2 < p(T) < 4 GeV/c, it scales with the number of constituent quarks, n(q.) We have found that ideal hydrodynamic calculations fail to reproduce the centrality dependence of v(2)(p(T)) for K-S(0) and Lambda. Eccentricity scaled v(2) values, v(2)/epsilon, are larger in more central collisions, suggesting stronger collective flow develops in more central collisions. The comparison with Au + Au collisions, which go further in density, shows that v(2)/epsilon depends on the system size, that is, the number of participants N-part. This indicates that the ideal hydrodynamic limit is not reached in Cu + Cu collisions, presumably because the assumption of thermalization is not attained. C1 [Chen, J. Y.; Li, N.; Li, Z.; Liu, F.; Shi, S. S.; Wu, Y.] CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Bridgeman, A.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Barnby, L. S.; Elhalhuli, E.; Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; DePhillips, M.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fachini, P.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Gordon, A.; Guryn, W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W. A.; Ogawa, A.; Okada, H.; Perevoztchikov, V.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Ng, M. J.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Das, D.; Draper, J. E.; Haag, B.; Liu, H.; Mall, O. I.; Reed, R.; Romero, J. L.; Salur, S.; Sangaline, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Biritz, B.; Cendejas, R.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Guertin, S. M.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Kurnadi, P.; Sakai, S.; Staszak, D.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Whitten, C., Jr.; Xu, W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [de Souza, R. Derradi; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Abelev, B. I.; Betts, R. R.; Evdokimov, O.; Garcia-Solis, E. J.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Iordanova, A.; Kauder, K.; Suarez, M. C.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Cherney, M.; Gorbunov, Y. N.; McShane, T. S.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Krus, M.; Pachr, M.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, CZ-11519 Prague, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Chung, P.; Jakl, P.; Kapitan, J.; Kouchpil, V.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.] Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. [Kollegger, T.; Mitrovski, M. K.; Rehberg, J. M.; Schuster, T. R.; Stock, R.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany. [Dash, S.; Jena, C.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Phatak, S. C.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Pujahari, P. R.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Selyuzhenkov, I.; Sowinski, J.; Stevens, J. R.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Alekseev, I.; Koroleva, L.; Morozov, B.; Svirida, D. N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Bhasin, A.; Dogra, S. M.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, N.; Mangotra, L. K.; Potukuchi, B. V. K. S.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Alakhverdyants, A. V.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneev, R.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. [Anderson, B. D.; Bouchet, J.; Joseph, J.; Keane, D.; Kopytine, M.; Margetis, S.; Pandit, Y.; Subba, N. L.; Vanfossen, J. A., Jr.; Zhang, W. M.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Fatemi, R.; Fersch, R. 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[Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.; Timoshenko, S.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Lindenbaum, S. J.] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; van Leeuwen, M.] NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; van Leeuwen, M.] Univ Utrecht, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Chajecki, Z.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bueltmann, S.; Koralt, I.; Plyku, D.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Kumar, L.; Pruthi, N. K.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Eun, L.; Heppelmann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Matulenko, Yu. A.; Meschanin, A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Hirsch, A.; Konzer, J.; Li, X.; Netrakanti, P. K.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Skoby, M. J.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Ulery, J.; Wang, F.; Wang, Q.; Xie, W.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Choi, K. E.; Grube, B.; Lee, C. -H.; Yoo, I. -K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Bonner, B. E.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Liu, J.; Llope, W. J.; McDonald, D.; Roberts, J. B.; Yepes, P.; Zhou, J.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Munhoz, M. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; de Toledo, A. Szanto] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, H. F.; Li, C.; Lu, Y.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Li, X.; Xu, Q. H.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zhou, W.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Cai, X. Z.; Chen, J. H.; Han, L. -X.; Jin, F.; Li, W.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Shi, X. H.; Tian, J.; Xue, L.; Zhang, S.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, Y. H.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. 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[Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Zawisza, M.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.; Kettler, D.; Prindle, D.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bellwied, R.; De Silva, L. C.; Elnimr, M.; LaPointe, S.; Pruneau, C.; Sharma, M.; Tarini, L. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Baumgart, S.; Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Catu, O.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Knospe, A. G.; Lin, G.; Majka, R.; Nattrass, C.; Putschke, J.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Shi, SS (reprint author), CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. EM sss@iopp.ccnu.edu.cn RI Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Xu, Wenqin/H-7553-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Nattrass, Christine/J-6752-2016; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Yoo, In-Kwon/J-6222-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Xue, Liang/F-8077-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Pandit, Yadav/I-2170-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Yang, Yanyun/B-9485-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014 OI Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Xu, Wenqin/0000-0002-5976-4991; Nattrass, Christine/0000-0002-8768-6468; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Xue, Liang/0000-0002-2321-9019; Pandit, Yadav/0000-0003-2809-7943; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Yang, Yanyun/0000-0002-5982-1706; FU US DOE Office of Science; US NSF; Sloan Foundation; DFG; CNRS [CNRS/IN2P3]; STFC; EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM and NWO of the Netherlands; DAE; DST; CSIR of India; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Korea Research Foundation; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; Russian Ministry of Science and Technology; RosAtom of Russia FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science; the US NSF; the Sloan Foundation; the DFG cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe" of Germany; CNRS/IN2P3, STFC and EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM and NWO of the Netherlands; DAE, DST, and CSIR of India; the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; the Korea Research Foundation; the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; the Russian Ministry of Science and Technology; and RosAtom of Russia. NR 70 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 044902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.81.044902 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 590FG UT WOS:000277209500057 ER PT J AU Abelev, BI Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alakhverdyants, AV Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barnby, LS Baumgart, S Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Benedosso, F Betancourt, MJ Betts, RR Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Biritz, B Bland, LC Bonner, BE Bouchet, J Braidot, E Brandin, AV Bridgeman, A Bruna, E Bueltmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Catu, O Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, KE Christie, W Chung, P Chung, SU Clarke, RF Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Dash, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG DePhillips, M Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Didenko, L Djawotho, P Dogra, SM Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Efimov, LG Elhalhuli, E Elnimr, M Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Eun, L Evdokimov, O Fachini, P Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Fersch, RG Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Ganti, MS Garcia-Solis, EJ Geromitsos, A Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gorbunov, YN Gordon, A Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Grube, B Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gupta, N Guryn, W Haag, B Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Han, LX Harris, JW Hays-Wehle, JP Heinz, M Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffman, AM Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Huo, L Igo, G Iordanova, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Jakl, P Jena, C Jin, F Jones, CL Jones, PG Joseph, J Judd, EG Kabana, S Kajimoto, K Kang, K Kapitan, J Kauder, K Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kettler, D Kikola, DP Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klein, SR Knospe, AG Kocoloski, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Kopytine, M Koralt, I Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kouchpil, V Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Krus, M Kumar, L Kurnadi, P Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, CH Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, L Li, N Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, Z Lin, G Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, H Liu, J Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Love, WA Lu, Y Ma, GL Ma, YG Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mall, OI Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McDonald, D McShane, TS Meschanin, A Milner, R Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mischke, A Mitrovski, MK Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nattrass, C Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Ng, MJ Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okada, H Okorokov, V Olson, D Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Phatak, SC Pile, P Planinic, M Ploskon, MA Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Poskanzer, AM Potukuchi, BVKS Powell, CB Prindle, D Pruneau, C Pruthi, NK Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Redwine, R Reed, R Rehberg, JM Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Russcher, MJ Sahoo, R Sakai, S Sakrejda, I Sakuma, T Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schuster, TR Seele, J Seger, J Selyuzhenkov, I Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shi, SS Sichtermann, EP Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Staszak, D Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Subba, NL Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarini, LH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Tian, J Timmins, AR Timoshenko, S Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trainor, TA Tram, VN Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Wada, M Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, X Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wingfield, E Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, Y Xie, W Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, W Xu, Y Xu, Z Xue, L Yang, Y Yepes, P Yip, K Yoo, IK Yue, Q Zawisza, M Zbroszczyk, H Zhan, W Zhang, S Zhang, WM Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhou, J Zhou, W Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y AF Abelev, B. I. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alakhverdyants, A. V. Anderson, B. D. Arkhipkin, D. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Barnby, L. S. Baumgart, S. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Benedosso, F. Betancourt, M. J. Betts, R. R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Biritz, B. Bland, L. C. Bonner, B. E. Bouchet, J. Braidot, E. Brandin, A. V. Bridgeman, A. Bruna, E. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Catu, O. Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chajecki, Z. Chaloupka, P. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Choi, K. E. Christie, W. Chung, P. Chung, S. U. Clarke, R. F. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Das, D. Dash, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. DePhillips, M. Derevschikov, A. A. de Souza, R. Derradi Didenko, L. Djawotho, P. Dogra, S. M. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Dunlop, J. C. Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta Efimov, L. G. Elhalhuli, E. Elnimr, M. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Erazmus, B. Estienne, M. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Fachini, P. Fatemi, R. Fedorisin, J. Fersch, R. G. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fine, V. Fisyak, Y. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Ganti, M. S. Garcia-Solis, E. J. Geromitsos, A. Geurts, F. Ghazikhanian, V. Ghosh, P. Gorbunov, Y. N. Gordon, A. Grebenyuk, O. Grosnick, D. Grube, B. Guertin, S. M. Gupta, A. Gupta, N. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hallman, T. J. Hamed, A. Han, L. -X. Harris, J. W. Hays-Wehle, J. P. Heinz, M. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hjort, E. Hoffman, A. M. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Huang, H. Z. Humanic, T. J. Huo, L. Igo, G. Iordanova, A. Jacobs, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jakl, P. Jena, C. Jin, F. Jones, C. L. Jones, P. G. Joseph, J. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kajimoto, K. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kauder, K. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kettler, D. Kikola, D. P. Kiryluk, J. Kisiel, A. Klein, S. R. Knospe, A. G. Kocoloski, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Kopytine, M. Koralt, I. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kouchpil, V. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Krus, M. Kumar, L. Kurnadi, P. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. LaPointe, S. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, C. -H. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, L. Li, N. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. Lin, G. Lindenbaum, S. J. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Love, W. A. Lu, Y. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mall, O. I. Mangotra, L. K. Manweiler, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. Matulenko, Yu. A. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Meschanin, A. Milner, R. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mischke, A. Mitrovski, M. K. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Nandi, B. K. Nattrass, C. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Netrakanti, P. K. Ng, M. J. Nogach, L. V. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Okada, H. Okorokov, V. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, T. Perevoztchikov, V. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Phatak, S. C. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Ploskon, M. A. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Poskanzer, A. M. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. Powell, C. B. Prindle, D. Pruneau, C. Pruthi, N. K. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Redwine, R. Reed, R. Rehberg, J. M. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Rose, A. Roy, C. Ruan, L. Russcher, M. J. Sahoo, R. Sakai, S. Sakrejda, I. Sakuma, T. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmitz, N. Schuster, T. R. Seele, J. Seger, J. Selyuzhenkov, I. Seyboth, P. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, M. Shi, S. S. Sichtermann, E. P. Simon, F. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Sorensen, P. Sowinski, J. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Staszak, D. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Subba, N. L. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Symons, T. J. M. de Toledo, A. Szanto Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarini, L. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Tian, J. Timmins, A. R. Timoshenko, S. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trainor, T. A. Tram, V. N. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tsai, O. D. Ulery, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Wada, M. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wingfield, E. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. Xie, W. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, W. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xue, L. Yang, Y. Yepes, P. Yip, K. Yoo, I. -K. Yue, Q. Zawisza, M. Zbroszczyk, H. Zhan, W. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhou, J. Zhou, W. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneev, R. Zoulkarneeva, Y. CA STAR Collaboration TI Observation of pi(+)pi(-)pi(+)pi(-) photoproduction in ultraperipheral heavy-ion collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV at the STAR detector SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HELICITY-COUPLING AMPLITUDES; TIME PROJECTION CHAMBER; GAMMA-GAMMA; PHOTON; PHYSICS; MASS; QUARKONIA AB We present a measurement of pi(+)pi(-)pi(+)pi(-) photonuclear production in ultraperipheral Au-Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV from the STAR experiment. The pi(+)pi(-)pi(+)pi(-) final states are observed at low transverse momentum and are accompanied by mutual nuclear excitation of the beam particles. The strong enhancement of the production cross section at low transverse momentum is consistent with coherent photoproduction. The pi(+)pi(-)pi(+)pi(-) invariant mass spectrum of the coherent events exhibits a broad peak around 1540 +/- 40 MeV/c(2) with a width of 570 +/- 60 MeV/c(2), in agreement with the photoproduction data for the rho(0)(1700). We do not observe a corresponding peak in the pi(+)pi(-) final state and measure an upper limit for the ratio of the branching fractions of the rho(0)(1700) to pi(+)pi(-) and pi(+)pi(-)pi(+)pi(-) of 2.5% at 90% confidence level. The ratio of rho(0)(1700) and rho(0)(770) coherent production cross sections is measured to be 13.4 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 4.4(syst.)%. C1 [Betts, R. R.; Evdokimov, O.; Garcia-Solis, E. J.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Iordanova, A.; Kauder, K.; Suarez, M. C.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Bridgeman, A.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Barnby, L. S.; Burton, T. P.; Elhalhuli, E.; Jones, P. G.; Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Christie, W.; Chung, S. U.; Debbe, R. R.; DePhillips, M.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fachini, P.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Gordon, A.; Guryn, W.; Hallman, T. J.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W. A.; Ogawa, A.; Okada, H.; Perevoztchikov, V.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Ng, M. J.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Das, D.; Draper, J. E.; Haag, B.; Liu, H.; Mall, O. I.; Reed, R.; Romero, J. L.; Salur, S.; Sangaline, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Biritz, B.; Cendejas, R.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Guertin, S. M.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Kurnadi, P.; Sakai, S.; Staszak, D.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Whitten, C., Jr.; Xu, W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [de Souza, R. Derradi; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Cherney, M.; Gorbunov, Y. N.; McShane, T. 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[Balewski, J.; Betancourt, M. J.; Corliss, R.; Hays-Wehle, J. P.; Hoffman, A. M.; Jones, C. L.; Kocoloski, A.; Leight, W.; Milner, R.; Redwine, R.; Sakuma, T.; Seele, J.; Surrow, B.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Walker, M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.; Simon, F.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Tarnowsky, T.; Wang, H.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.; Timoshenko, S.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Lindenbaum, S. J.] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Benedosso, F.; Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; Russcher, M. J.] NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Benedosso, F.; Braidot, E.; Mischke, A.; Peitzmann, T.; Russcher, M. J.] Univ Utrecht, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Chajecki, Z.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bueltmann, S.; Koralt, I.; Plyku, D.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Kumar, L.; Pruthi, N. K.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Eun, L.; Heppelmann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Matulenko, Yu. A.; Meschanin, A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Hirsch, A.; Konzer, J.; Li, X.; Netrakanti, P. K.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Skoby, M. J.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Ulery, J.; Wang, F.; Wang, Q.; Xie, W.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Choi, K. E.; Grube, B.; Lee, C. -H.; Yoo, I. -K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Bonner, B. E.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Liu, J.; Llope, W. J.; McDonald, D.; Roberts, J. B.; Yepes, P.; Zhou, J.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Munhoz, M. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; de Toledo, A. Szanto] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, H. F.; Li, C.; Lu, Y.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Li, X.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhou, W.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Cai, X. Z.; Chen, J. H.; Han, L. -X.; Jin, F.; Li, W.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Tian, J.; Xue, L.; Zhang, S.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, Y. H.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Erazmus, B.; Estienne, M.; Geromitsos, A.; Kabana, S.; Roy, C.; Sahoo, R.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Cervantes, M. C.; Clarke, R. F.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Djawotho, P.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Huo, L.; Mioduszewski, S.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Leyva, A. Davila; Hoffmann, G. W.; Kajimoto, K.; Li, L.; Markert, C.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Thein, D.; Wada, M.; Wingfield, E.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Cheng, J.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, X.; Wang, Y.; Yue, Q.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Witt, R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Manweiler, R.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta; Ganti, M. S.; Ghosh, P.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Singaraju, R. N.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Zawisza, M.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.; Kettler, D.; Prindle, D.; Trainor, T. A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bellwied, R.; De Silva, L. C.; Elnimr, M.; LaPointe, S.; Pruneau, C.; Sharma, M.; Tarini, L. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Chen, J. Y.; Li, N.; Li, Z.; Liu, F.; Shi, S. S.; Wu, Y.] CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Baumgart, S.; Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Catu, O.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Knospe, A. G.; Lin, G.; Majka, R.; Nattrass, C.; Putschke, J.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Abelev, BI (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Pandit, Yadav/I-2170-2013; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Yang, Yanyun/B-9485-2014; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Yoo, In-Kwon/J-6222-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Xue, Liang/F-8077-2013; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Xu, Wenqin/H-7553-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Nattrass, Christine/J-6752-2016; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; OI Pandit, Yadav/0000-0003-2809-7943; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Yang, Yanyun/0000-0002-5982-1706; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Xue, Liang/0000-0002-2321-9019; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Xu, Wenqin/0000-0002-5976-4991; Nattrass, Christine/0000-0002-8768-6468; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Mohanty, Bedangadas/0000-0001-9610-2914; Bhasin, Anju/0000-0002-3687-8179 FU US DOE Office of Science; US NSF; Sloan Foundation; DFG; CNRS [CNRS/IN2P3]; STFC; EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; Czech Republic; FOM and NWO of the Netherlands; DAE; CSIR of India; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Korean Research Foundation; Ministry of Science, Education, and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; Russian Ministry of Science and Technology and RosAtom of Russia FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science; the US NSF; the Sloan Foundation; the DFG cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe"; CNRS/IN2P3, STFC, and EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM and NWO of the Netherlands; DAE, DST, and CSIR of India; the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Korean Research Foundation; Ministry of Science, Education, and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; and the Russian Ministry of Science and Technology and RosAtom of Russia. NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 044901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.81.044901 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 590FG UT WOS:000277209500056 ER PT J AU Erikson, L Ruiz, C Ames, F Bricault, P Buchmann, L Chen, AA Chen, J Dare, H Davids, B Davis, C Deibel, CM Dombsky, M Foubister, S Galinski, N Greife, U Hager, U Hussein, A Hutcheon, DA Lassen, J Martin, L Ottewell, DF Ouellet, CV Ruprecht, G Setoodehnia, K Shotter, AC Teigelhofer, A Vockenhuber, C Wrede, C Wallner, A AF Erikson, L. Ruiz, C. Ames, F. Bricault, P. Buchmann, L. Chen, A. A. Chen, J. Dare, H. Davids, B. Davis, C. Deibel, C. M. Dombsky, M. Foubister, S. Galinski, N. Greife, U. Hager, U. Hussein, A. Hutcheon, D. A. Lassen, J. Martin, L. Ottewell, D. F. Ouellet, C. V. Ruprecht, G. Setoodehnia, K. Shotter, A. C. Teigelhoefer, A. Vockenhuber, C. Wrede, C. Wallner, A. TI First direct measurement of the Mg-23(p,gamma)Al-24 reaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID THERMONUCLEAR REACTION-RATE; DRAGON FACILITY; ISAC; CALIBRATION; OPERATION; AL-24 AB The lowest-energy resonance in the Mg-23(p,gamma)Al-24 reaction, which is dominant at classical nova temperatures, has been measured directly for the first time using the DRAGON recoil spectrometer. The experiment used a radioactive Mg-23 beam (mixed within a significantly stronger Na-23 beam) of peak intensity 5 x 10(7) s(-1), at the ISAC facility at TRIUMF. We extract values of E-R = 485.7(-1.8)(+1.3) keV and omega gamma = 38(-15)(+21) meV from our data (all values in the center-of-mass frame unless otherwise stated). In addition, the experiment prompted a recalculation of the Q value for this reaction based on a revision of the Al-24 mass. The effect on the uncertainties in the quantities of ejected Na-22 and Al-26 from oxygen-neon classical novae is discussed. C1 [Erikson, L.; Greife, U.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Ruiz, C.; Ames, F.; Bricault, P.; Buchmann, L.; Davids, B.; Davis, C.; Dombsky, M.; Galinski, N.; Hager, U.; Hutcheon, D. A.; Lassen, J.; Martin, L.; Ottewell, D. F.; Ruprecht, G.; Teigelhoefer, A.; Vockenhuber, C.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Chen, A. A.; Chen, J.; Ouellet, C. V.; Setoodehnia, K.] McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON L8S 481, Canada. [Dare, H.] Univ Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. [Deibel, C. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Deibel, C. M.] Michigan State Univ, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Foubister, S.] Thompson Rivers Univ, Kamloops, BC V2C 5N3, Canada. [Hussein, A.] Univ No British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. [Shotter, A. C.] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Vockenhuber, C.] ETH, Lab Ion Beam Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Wrede, C.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wallner, A.] Univ Vienna, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. RP Erikson, L (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ruiz@triumf.ca RI Wallner, Anton/G-1480-2011; Hager, Ulrike/O-1738-2016 OI Wallner, Anton/0000-0003-2804-3670; FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); National Research Council of Canada (NRC); US DOE Office of Science [DE-FG02-93ER40789] FX The authors acknowledge the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) in carrying out this work. TRIUMF is federally funded through the National Research Council of Canada (NRC). Also acknowledged is support from the US DOE Office of Science Grant No. DE-FG02-93ER40789. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 045808 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.81.045808 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 590FG UT WOS:000277209500089 ER PT J AU Fallon, P Rodriguez-Vieitez, E Macchiavelli, AO Gade, A Tostevin, JA Adrich, P Bazin, D Bowen, M Campbell, CM Clark, RM Cook, JM Cromaz, M Dinca, DC Glasmacher, T Lee, IY McDaniel, S Mueller, WF Prussin, SG Ratkiewicz, A Siwek, K Terry, JR Weisshaar, D Wiedeking, M Yoneda, K Brown, BA Otsuka, T Utsuno, Y AF Fallon, P. Rodriguez-Vieitez, E. Macchiavelli, A. O. Gade, A. Tostevin, J. A. Adrich, P. Bazin, D. Bowen, M. Campbell, C. M. Clark, R. M. Cook, J. M. Cromaz, M. Dinca, D. C. Glasmacher, T. Lee, I. Y. McDaniel, S. Mueller, W. F. Prussin, S. G. Ratkiewicz, A. Siwek, K. Terry, J. R. Weisshaar, D. Wiedeking, M. Yoneda, K. Brown, B. A. Otsuka, T. Utsuno, Y. TI Two-proton knockout from Mg-32: Intruder amplitudes in Ne-30 and implications for the binding of F-29,F-31 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SHELL-MODEL AB gamma-ray decays from excited states in Ne-30 and inclusive and exclusive cross sections were measured in the Be-9(Mg-32, Ne-30 + gamma) X two-proton knockout reaction at incident beam energies of 99.7 and 86.7 MeV/nucleon. Themeasured cross section is suppressed compared to calculations and is indicative of a reduced overlap of initial and final state wave functions in Mg-32 and Ne-30. We interpret this reduction as due to large 4p4h amplitudes present in the Ne-30 ground state wave function, but not Mg-32. Such large intruder components are predicted to help stabilize the heavier fluorine isotopes against neutron emission. C1 [Fallon, P.; Rodriguez-Vieitez, E.; Macchiavelli, A. O.; Clark, R. M.; Cromaz, M.; Lee, I. Y.; Wiedeking, M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rodriguez-Vieitez, E.; Prussin, S. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gade, A.; Adrich, P.; Bazin, D.; Bowen, M.; Campbell, C. M.; Cook, J. M.; Dinca, D. C.; Glasmacher, T.; McDaniel, S.; Mueller, W. F.; Ratkiewicz, A.; Siwek, K.; Terry, J. R.; Weisshaar, D.; Yoneda, K.; Brown, B. A.] Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Gade, A.; Bowen, M.; Campbell, C. M.; Cook, J. M.; Dinca, D. C.; Glasmacher, T.; McDaniel, S.; Ratkiewicz, A.; Siwek, K.; Terry, J. R.; Yoneda, K.; Brown, B. A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Tostevin, J. A.] Univ Surrey, Fac Engn & Phys Sci, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. [Otsuka, T.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Otsuka, T.] RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Utsuno, Y.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RP Fallon, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Campbell, Christopher/B-9429-2008; Gade, Alexandra/A-6850-2008; Glasmacher, Thomas/H-9673-2014; OTSUKA, TAKAHARU/G-5072-2014 OI Gade, Alexandra/0000-0001-8825-0976; Glasmacher, Thomas/0000-0001-9436-2448; FU DOE Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation [PHY-0606007, PHY-0758099]; UK Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/F012012, EP/D003628] FX We gratefully acknowledge the help of the NSCL operations staff. We thank Prof. Hamamoto for illuminating discussions. This work was supported by the DOE Office of Nuclear Physics under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. PHY-0606007 and PHY-0758099, and by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council under Grant Nos. ST/F012012 and EP/D003628. NR 28 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 041302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.81.041302 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 590FG UT WOS:000277209500002 ER PT J AU Kopp, J Merle, A AF Kopp, Joachim Merle, Alexander TI Ultralow Q values for neutrino mass measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID STATE BETA-DECAY; SEARCH; IONS; ENERGIES; ATOMS AB We investigate weak nuclear decays with extremely small kinetic energy release (Q value) and thus extremely good sensitivity to the absolute neutrino mass scale. In particular, we consider decays into excited daughter states, and we show that partial ionization of the parent atom can help to tune Q values to << 1 keV. We discuss several candidate isotopes undergoing beta(+/-), bound state beta, or electron capture decay and come to the conclusion that a neutrino mass measurement using low-Q decays might only be feasible if no ionization is required and if future improvements in isotope production technology, nuclear mass spectroscopy, and atomic structure calculations are possible. Experiments using ions, however, are extremely challenging because of the large number of ions that must be stored. New precision data on nuclear excitation levels could help to identify further isotopes with low-Q decay modes and possibly less challenging requirements. C1 [Kopp, Joachim; Merle, Alexander] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. [Kopp, Joachim] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kopp, J (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Postfach 10 39 80, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. EM jkopp@fnal.gov; amerle@mpi-hd.mpg.de RI Kopp, Joachim/B-5866-2013 FU DFG-SFB TR 27; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX It is a pleasure to thank K. Blaum, F. Bosch, G. Heusser, B. Kayser, M. Lindner, Yu. Litvinov, Yu. Novikov, and M. Weber for useful and inspiring discussions. This work has been supported by the DFG-SFB TR 27 "Neutrinos and Beyond." Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the US Department of Energy. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 045501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.81.045501 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 590FG UT WOS:000277209500080 ER PT J AU Massimi, C Domingo-Pardo, C Vannini, G Audouin, L Guerrero, C Abbondanno, U Aerts, G Alvarez, H Alvarez-Velarde, F Andriamonje, S Andrzejewski, J Assimakopoulos, P Badurek, G Baumann, P Becvar, F Belloni, F Berthoumieux, E Calvino, F Calviani, M Cano-Ott, D Capote, R Carrapico, C Cennini, P Chepel, V Chiaveri, E Colonna, N Cortes, G Couture, A Cox, J Dahlfors, M David, S Dillmann, I Dridi, W Duran, I Eleftheriadis, C Ferrant, L Ferrari, A Ferreira-Marques, R Fujii, K Furman, W Galanopoulos, S Goncalves, IF Gonzalez-Romero, E Gramegna, F Gunsing, F Haas, B Haight, R Heil, M Herrera-Martinez, A Igashira, M Jericha, E Kappeler, F Kadi, Y Karadimos, D Karamanis, D Kerveno, M Koehler, P Kossionides, E Krticka, M Lampoudis, C Lederer, C Leeb, H Lindote, A Lopes, I Lozano, M Lukic, S Marganiec, J Marrone, S Martinez, T Mastinu, P Mendoza, E Mengoni, A Milazzo, PM Moreau, C Mosconi, M Neves, F Oberhummer, H O'Brien, S Pancin, J Papadopoulos, C Paradela, C Pavlik, A Pavlopoulos, P Perdikakis, G Perrot, L Pigni, MT Plag, R Plompen, A Plukis, A Poch, A Praena, J Pretel, C Quesada, J Rauscher, T Reifarth, R Rosetti, M Rubbia, C Rudolf, G Rullhusen, P Sarchiapone, L Sarmento, R Savvidis, I Stephan, C Tagliente, G Tain, JL Tassan-Got, L Tavora, L Terlizzi, R Vaz, P Ventura, A Villamarin, D Vlachoudis, V Vlastou, R Voss, F Walter, S Wiescher, M Wisshak, K AF Massimi, C. Domingo-Pardo, C. Vannini, G. Audouin, L. Guerrero, C. Abbondanno, U. Aerts, G. Alvarez, H. Alvarez-Velarde, F. Andriamonje, S. Andrzejewski, J. Assimakopoulos, P. Badurek, G. Baumann, P. Becvar, F. Belloni, F. Berthoumieux, E. Calvino, F. Calviani, M. Cano-Ott, D. Capote, R. Carrapico, C. Cennini, P. Chepel, V. Chiaveri, E. Colonna, N. Cortes, G. Couture, A. Cox, J. Dahlfors, M. David, S. Dillmann, I. Dridi, W. Duran, I. Eleftheriadis, C. Ferrant, L. Ferrari, A. Ferreira-Marques, R. Fujii, K. Furman, W. Galanopoulos, S. Goncalves, I. F. Gonzalez-Romero, E. Gramegna, F. Gunsing, F. Haas, B. Haight, R. Heil, M. Herrera-Martinez, A. Igashira, M. Jericha, E. Kaeppeler, F. Kadi, Y. Karadimos, D. Karamanis, D. Kerveno, M. Koehler, P. Kossionides, E. Krticka, M. Lampoudis, C. Lederer, C. Leeb, H. Lindote, A. Lopes, I. Lozano, M. Lukic, S. Marganiec, J. Marrone, S. Martinez, T. Mastinu, P. Mendoza, E. Mengoni, A. Milazzo, P. M. Moreau, C. Mosconi, M. Neves, F. Oberhummer, H. O'Brien, S. Pancin, J. Papadopoulos, C. Paradela, C. Pavlik, A. Pavlopoulos, P. Perdikakis, G. Perrot, L. Pigni, M. T. Plag, R. Plompen, A. Plukis, A. Poch, A. Praena, J. Pretel, C. Quesada, J. Rauscher, T. Reifarth, R. Rosetti, M. Rubbia, C. Rudolf, G. Rullhusen, P. Sarchiapone, L. Sarmento, R. Savvidis, I. Stephan, C. Tagliente, G. Tain, J. L. Tassan-Got, L. Tavora, L. Terlizzi, R. Vaz, P. Ventura, A. Villamarin, D. Vlachoudis, V. Vlastou, R. Voss, F. Walter, S. Wiescher, M. Wisshak, K. CA N TOF Collaboration TI Au-197(n,gamma) cross section in the resonance region SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID TOTAL ABSORPTION CALORIMETER; SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCE; OF-FLIGHT FACILITY; N-TOF; CAPTURE; DETECTOR; CERN; STANDARDS; ELEMENTS; SPECTRA AB The (n,gamma) cross section of Au-197 has been measured at n_TOF in the resolved resonance region, up to 5 keV, with the aim of improving the accuracy in an energy range where it is not yet considered standard. The measurements were performed with two different experimental setup and detection techniques, the total energy method based on C6D6 detectors, and the total absorption calorimetry based on a 4 pi BaF2 array. By comparing the data collected with the two techniques, two accurate sets of neutron-capture yields have been obtained, which could be the basis for a new evaluation leading to an extended cross-section standard. Overall good agreement is found between the n_TOF results and evaluated cross sections, with some significant exceptions for small resonances. A few resonances not included in the existing databases have also been observed. C1 [Domingo-Pardo, C.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany. [Massimi, C.; Vannini, G.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Audouin, L.; David, S.; Ferrant, L.; Stephan, C.; Tassan-Got, L.] CNRS, IN2P3, IPN, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Guerrero, C.; Alvarez-Velarde, F.; Cano-Ott, D.; Gonzalez-Romero, E.; Martinez, T.; Mendoza, E.; Villamarin, D.] Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, Madrid, Spain. [Abbondanno, U.; Belloni, F.; Fujii, K.; Milazzo, P. M.; Moreau, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. [Aerts, G.; Andriamonje, S.; Berthoumieux, E.; Carrapico, C.; Dridi, W.; Gunsing, F.; Pancin, J.; Perrot, L.; Plukis, A.] CEA Saclay, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Alvarez, H.; Duran, I.; Paradela, C.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain. [Andrzejewski, J.; Marganiec, J.] Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. [Assimakopoulos, P.; Karadimos, D.; Karamanis, D.] Univ Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Badurek, G.; Jericha, E.; Leeb, H.; Oberhummer, H.; Pigni, M. T.] Vienna Univ Technol, Atominst Osterreich Univ, Vienna, Austria. [Baumann, P.; Kerveno, M.; Lukic, S.; Rudolf, G.] CNRS, IN2P3, IReS, Strasbourg, France. [Becvar, F.; Krticka, M.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Calvino, F.] Univ Politecn Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Calviani, M.; Cennini, P.; Chiaveri, E.; Dahlfors, M.; Ferrari, A.; Herrera-Martinez, A.; Kadi, Y.; Mengoni, A.; Rubbia, C.; Sarchiapone, L.; Vlachoudis, V.] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Capote, R.; Mengoni, A.] IAEA, Nucl Data Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Capote, R.; Lozano, M.; Quesada, J.] Univ Seville, Seville, Spain. [Carrapico, C.; Goncalves, I. F.; Sarmento, R.; Tavora, L.; Vaz, P.] ITN, Lisbon, Portugal. [Chepel, V.; Ferreira-Marques, R.; Lindote, A.; Lopes, I.; Neves, F.] Univ Coimbra, LIP Coimbra, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal. [Chepel, V.; Ferreira-Marques, R.; Lindote, A.; Lopes, I.; Neves, F.] Univ Coimbra, Dept Fis, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal. [Colonna, N.; Marrone, S.; Tagliente, G.; Terlizzi, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Cortes, G.; Poch, A.; Pretel, C.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona, Spain. [Couture, A.; Cox, J.; O'Brien, S.; Wiescher, M.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Dillmann, I.; Heil, M.; Kaeppeler, F.; Mosconi, M.; Plag, R.; Voss, F.; Walter, S.; Wisshak, K.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Kernphys, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Eleftheriadis, C.; Savvidis, I.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. [Furman, W.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Frank Lab Neutron Phys, Dubna, Russia. [Galanopoulos, S.; Papadopoulos, C.; Perdikakis, G.; Vlastou, R.] Natl Tech Univ Athens, GR-10682 Athens, Greece. [Gramegna, F.; Mastinu, P.; Praena, J.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, Milan, Italy. [Haas, B.] CNRS, IN2P3, CENBG, Bordeaux, France. [Haight, R.; Reifarth, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Igashira, M.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 152, Japan. [Koehler, P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kossionides, E.] NCSR, Athens, Greece. [Lampoudis, C.; Plompen, A.; Rullhusen, P.] EC JRC IRMM, Geel, Belgium. [Lederer, C.; Pavlik, A.] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. [Pavlopoulos, P.] Pole Univ Leonard de Vinci, Paris, France. [Rauscher, T.] Univ Basel, Dept Phys, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland. [Rosetti, M.; Ventura, A.] ENEA, Bologna, Italy. [Tain, J. L.] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, E-46003 Valencia, Spain. RP Domingo-Pardo, C (reprint author), GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany. EM c.domingopardo@gsi.de RI Massimi, Cristian/K-2008-2015; Perdikakis, Georgios/K-4525-2014; Paradela, Carlos/J-1492-2012; Calvino, Francisco/K-5743-2014; Mengoni, Alberto/I-1497-2012; Cano Ott, Daniel/K-4945-2014; Quesada Molina, Jose Manuel/K-5267-2014; Mendoza Cembranos, Emilio/K-5789-2014; Gramegna, Fabiana/B-1377-2012; Guerrero, Carlos/L-3251-2014; Gonzalez Romero, Enrique/L-7561-2014; Pretel Sanchez, Carme/L-8287-2014; Martinez, Trinitario/K-6785-2014; Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014; Massimi, Cristian/B-2401-2015; Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; Alvarez Pol, Hector/F-1930-2011; Jericha, Erwin/A-4094-2011; Rauscher, Thomas/D-2086-2009; Becvar, Frantisek/D-3824-2012; Chepel, Vitaly/H-4538-2012; Ventura, Alberto/B-9584-2011; Lindote, Alexandre/H-4437-2013; Lederer, Claudia/H-4677-2013; Neves, Francisco/H-4744-2013; Goncalves, Isabel/J-6954-2013; Vaz, Pedro/K-2464-2013; Lopes, Isabel/A-1806-2014; Tain, Jose L./K-2492-2014 OI Massimi, Cristian/0000-0003-2499-5586; Perdikakis, Georgios/0000-0002-8539-8737; Calvino, Francisco/0000-0002-7198-4639; Mengoni, Alberto/0000-0002-2537-0038; Cano Ott, Daniel/0000-0002-9568-7508; Quesada Molina, Jose Manuel/0000-0002-2038-2814; Mendoza Cembranos, Emilio/0000-0002-2843-1801; Gramegna, Fabiana/0000-0001-6112-0602; Guerrero, Carlos/0000-0002-2111-546X; Gonzalez Romero, Enrique/0000-0003-2376-8920; Martinez, Trinitario/0000-0002-0683-5506; Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438; Massimi, Cristian/0000-0001-9792-3722; Alvarez Pol, Hector/0000-0001-9643-6252; Jericha, Erwin/0000-0002-8663-0526; Rauscher, Thomas/0000-0002-1266-0642; Ventura, Alberto/0000-0001-6748-7931; Lindote, Alexandre/0000-0002-7965-807X; Neves, Francisco/0000-0003-3635-1083; Vaz, Pedro/0000-0002-7186-2359; Lopes, Isabel/0000-0003-0419-903X; FU European Commission [FIKW-CT-2000-00107] FX This work was supported by the European Commission's 5th Framework Programme under Contract No. FIKW-CT-2000-00107 (n_TOF-ND-ADS Project) and by the funding agencies of the participating institutes. NR 62 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 044616 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.81.044616 PG 22 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 590FG UT WOS:000277209500051 ER PT J AU Tang, XD Rehm, KE Ahmad, I Brune, CR Champagne, A Greene, JP Hecht, A Henderson, DJ Janssens, RVF Jiang, CL Jisonna, L Kahl, D Moore, EF Notani, M Pardo, RC Patel, N Paul, M Savard, G Schiffer, JP Segel, RE Sinha, S Wuosmaa, AH AF Tang, X. D. Rehm, K. E. Ahmad, I. Brune, C. R. Champagne, A. Greene, J. P. Hecht, A. Henderson, D. J. Janssens, R. V. F. Jiang, C. L. Jisonna, L. Kahl, D. Moore, E. F. Notani, M. Pardo, R. C. Patel, N. Paul, M. Savard, G. Schiffer, J. P. Segel, R. E. Sinha, S. Wuosmaa, A. H. TI Determination of the E1 component of the low-energy C-12(alpha,gamma)O-16 cross section SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID TWIN IONIZATION-CHAMBER; DELAYED ALPHA-SPECTRUM; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; NUCLEAR-REACTIONS; STELLAR ENERGIES; MATRIX ANALYSIS; MASSIVE STARS; S-FACTOR; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; DECAY AB A measurement of the beta-delayed alpha decay of N-16 using a set of twin ionization chambers is described. Sources were made by implantation, using a N-16 beam produced via the In-Flight Technique. The energies and emission angles of the C-12 and alpha particles were measured in coincidence and very clean alpha spectra, down to energies of 450 keV, were obtained. The structure of the spectra from this experiment is in good agreement with results from previous measurements. An analysis of our data with the same input parameters as used in earlier studies gives S-E1(300) = 86 +/- 22 keVb for the E1 component of the S-factor. This value is in excellent agreement with results obtained from various direct and indirect measurements. In addition, the influence of new measurements including the phase shift data from Tischhauser et al. on the value of S-E1(300) is discussed. C1 [Tang, X. D.; Rehm, K. E.; Ahmad, I.; Greene, J. P.; Hecht, A.; Henderson, D. J.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Jiang, C. L.; Kahl, D.; Moore, E. F.; Notani, M.; Pardo, R. C.; Patel, N.; Savard, G.; Schiffer, J. P.; Sinha, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Tang, X. D.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Brune, C. R.] Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Champagne, A.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Jisonna, L.; Segel, R. E.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Patel, N.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Paul, M.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Wuosmaa, A. H.] Western Michigan Univ, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Tang, XD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Tang, Xiaodong /F-4891-2016 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-98ER41086]; NSF [PHY-02-16783] FX We want to thank the crew of the ATLAS accelerator for providing the high-quality 15N beams. The help of B. Nardi and B. Zabransky with the design and construction of the experimental setup is gratefully acknowledged. We are indebted to J. Powell for making a copy of his thesis and his R-matrix code available to us. The help of N. Scielzo with the calculations is also appreciated. One of us (KER) wants to thank M. Mutterer (TU Darmstadt) for explaining the advantages of twin ionization chambers. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contracts No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 (ANL), DE-FG02-98ER41086 (NWU) and by the NSF Grant No. PHY-02-16783 (Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics). NR 51 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 045809 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.81.045809 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 590FG UT WOS:000277209500090 ER PT J AU Vogt, R AF Vogt, R. TI Cold nuclear matter effects on J/psi and Gamma production at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM DEPENDENCE; HEAVY QUARKONIUM PRODUCTION; DRELL-YAN PRODUCTION; TO-LEADING ORDER; J-PSI PRODUCTION; ROOT S=1.8 TEV; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; NONLINEAR CORRECTIONS; DGLAP EQUATIONS AB The charmonium yields are expected to be considerably suppressed if a deconfined medium is formed in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. In addition, the bottomonium states, with the possible exception of the Gamma(1S) state, are also expected to be suppressed in heavy-ion collisions. However, in proton-nucleus collisions the quarkonium production cross sections, even those of the Gamma(1S), are also suppressed. These "cold nuclear matter" effects need to be accounted for before signals of the high-density QCD medium can be identified in the measurements made in nucleus-nucleus collisions. We identify two cold nuclear matter effects important for midrapidity quarkonium production: "nuclear absorption," typically characterized as a final-state effect on the produced quarkonium state, and "shadowing," the modification of the parton densities in nuclei relative to the nucleon, an initial-state effect. In this article, we characterize these effects and study the energy, rapidity, and impact-parameter dependence of initial-state shadowing. C1 [Vogt, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Vogt, R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Vogt, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; National Science Foundation [NSF PHY-0555660] FX The numerical values of the ratios shown in this article are available from the author. We thank K. J. Eskola, H. Paukkunen, and C. Salgado for providing the EPS09 files and for discussions. This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344 and was also supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant No. NSF PHY-0555660. NR 78 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 044903 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.81.044903 PG 20 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 590FG UT WOS:000277209500058 ER PT J AU Winger, JA Rykaczewski, KP Gross, CJ Grzywacz, R Batchelder, JC Goodin, C Hamilton, JH Ilyushkin, SV Korgul, A Krolas, W Liddick, SN Mazzocchi, C Padgett, S Piechaczek, A Rajabali, MM Shapira, D Zganjar, EF Dobaczewski, J AF Winger, J. A. Rykaczewski, K. P. Gross, C. J. Grzywacz, R. Batchelder, J. C. Goodin, C. Hamilton, J. H. Ilyushkin, S. V. Korgul, A. Krolas, W. Liddick, S. N. Mazzocchi, C. Padgett, S. Piechaczek, A. Rajabali, M. M. Shapira, D. Zganjar, E. F. Dobaczewski, J. TI New subshell closure at N=58 emerging in neutron-rich nuclei beyond Ni-78 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DECAY SPECTROSCOPY; SHELL STRUCTURE; ISOTOPES; PARRNE AB The structure of neutron-rich nuclei beyond Ni-78 was studied using postaccelerated radioactive beams of Ga-83,Ga-84,Ga-85 utilizing beta gamma and beta-n gamma spectroscopy. Our data, when combined with energy level systematics, suggests a possible new spherical subshell closure at N = 58 is created by the nearly degenerated nu 3s(1/2) and nu 2d(5/2) orbitals being well separated from other orbitals above N = 50. The near degeneracy of these states could be evidenced by isomerism in this region. The energies of the 2(1)(+) and proposed 4(1)(+) states observed in N = 52 Ge-84 are interpreted as an indication of a possible weakening of the doubly magic Ni-78 core for nuclei beyond N = 50. The experimental evidence is supported by spherical HFB calculations using the SkO(T) functional involving the tensor term in the nucleon-nucleon interaction. C1 [Winger, J. A.; Ilyushkin, S. V.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Rykaczewski, K. P.; Gross, C. J.; Grzywacz, R.; Shapira, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Grzywacz, R.; Korgul, A.; Liddick, S. N.; Mazzocchi, C.; Padgett, S.; Rajabali, M. M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Batchelder, J. C.; Liddick, S. N.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, UNIRIB, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Goodin, C.; Hamilton, J. H.; Korgul, A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Korgul, A.] Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Korgul, A.; Krolas, W.] Joint Inst Heavy Ion React, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Krolas, W.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Mazzocchi, C.] Univ Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Mazzocchi, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Piechaczek, A.; Zganjar, E. F.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Dobaczewski, J.] Warsaw Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Dobaczewski, J.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. RP Winger, JA (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM j.a.winger@msstate.edu RI Krolas, Wojciech/N-9391-2013 FU US DOE [DE-FG02-96ER41006, DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-FG020-96ER40983, DE-AC05-06OR23100, DE-FG02-96ER40978, DE-FG05-88ER40407]; NNSA [DEFC03-03NA00143]; Foundation for Polish Science; Polish Ministry of Science [N N202 328234, N N202 103333]; Academy of Finland and University of Jyvaskyla within the FIDIPRO Program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the work done by HRIBF staff in producing such high-quality radioactive ion beams. This work was supported under US DOE Grants DE-FG02-96ER41006, DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-FG020-96ER40983, DE-AC05-06OR23100, DE-FG02-96ER40978, and DE-FG05-88ER40407; through NNSA grant DEFC03-03NA00143; through the Foundation for Polish Science; by the Polish Ministry of Science under Contracts No. N N202 328234 and N N202 103333; and by the Academy of Finland and University of Jyvaskyla within the FIDIPRO Program. NR 30 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 044303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.81.044303 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 590FG UT WOS:000277209500016 ER PT J AU Zhu, S Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Frauendorf, S Ahmad, I Khoo, TL Kondev, FG Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Seweryniak, D AF Zhu, S. Carpenter, M. P. Janssens, R. V. F. Frauendorf, S. Ahmad, I. Khoo, T. L. Kondev, F. G. Lauritsen, T. Lister, C. J. Seweryniak, D. TI Possible double-octupole phonon band in U-238 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID COINCIDENCE DATA SETS; CONTRASTING BEHAVIOR; HIGH-SPIN; ISOTOPES; STATES; ACTINIDES; NUCLEI AB The level scheme of U-238 has been extended using the so-called unsafe Coulomb excitation technique. One positive-parity band was uncovered for the first time, and its most important features can be related to a double-octupole phonon excitation. This band decays to the known K = 0 octupole band via E1 transitions, with strengths much larger than those to the ground-state band. It also decays to the K = 1 and 2 octupole bands. Comparisons among the proposed zero-, one-, and two-phonon bands in U-238 and those in Pu-240 shed more light on the recently proposed concept of rotationally aligned octupole phonon condensation. C1 [Zhu, S.; Carpenter, M. P.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Ahmad, I.; Khoo, T. L.; Kondev, F. G.; Lauritsen, T.; Lister, C. J.; Seweryniak, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Frauendorf, S.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Zhu, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work is supported in part by the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 041306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.81.041306 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 590FG UT WOS:000277209500006 ER PT J AU Aaltonen, T Adelman, J Gonzalez, BA Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Annovi, A Antos, J Apollinari, G Appel, J Apresyan, A Arisawa, T Artikov, A Asaadi, J Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Aurisano, A Azfar, F Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barria, P Bartos, P Bauer, G Beauchemin, PH Bedeschi, F Beecher, D Behari, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bizjak, I Blair, RE Blocker, C Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brau, B Bridgeman, A Brigliadori, L Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Buzatu, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calancha, C Camarda, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carls, B Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carrillo, S Carron, S Casal, B Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavaliere, V Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Chwalek, T Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Compostella, G Convery, ME Conway, J Corbo, M Cordelli, M Cox, CA Cox, DJ Crescioli, F Almenar, CC Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cully, JC Dagenhart, D d'Ascenzo, N Datta, M Davies, T de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lorenzo, G Dell'Orso, M Deluca, C Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M d'Errico, M Di Canto, A Di Ruzza, B Dittmann, JR D'Onofrio, M Donati, S Dong, P Dorigo, T Dube, S Ebina, K Elagin, A Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Ershaidat, N Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Ferrazza, C Field, R Flanagan, G Forrest, R Frank, MJ Franklin, M Freeman, JC Furic, I Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garberson, F Garcia, JE Garfinkel, AF Garosi, P Gerberich, H Gerdes, D Gessler, A Giagu, S Giakoumopoulou, V Giannetti, P Gibson, K Gimmell, JL Ginsburg, CM Giokaris, N Giordani, M Giromini, P Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Golossanov, A Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Goulianos, K Gresele, A Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Group, RC Grundler, U da Costa, JG Gunay-Unalan, Z Haber, C Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Han, BY Han, JY Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, D Hare, M Harr, RF Hartz, M Hatakeyama, K Hays, C Heck, M Heinrich, J Herndon, M Heuser, J Hewamanage, S Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Hughes, RE Hurwitz, M Husemann, U Hussein, M Huston, J Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ivanov, A James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jeon, EJ Jha, MK Jindariani, S Johnson, W Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Jung, JE Junk, TR Kamon, T Kar, D Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kephart, R Ketchum, W Keung, J Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, HW Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kimura, N Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kreps, M Kroll, J Krop, D Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhr, T Kulkarni, NP Kurata, M Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I LeCompte, T Lee, E Lee, HS Lee, JS Lee, SW Leone, S Lewis, JD Lin, CJ Linacre, J Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, C Liu, T Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Lovas, L Lucchesi, D Lueck, J Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lys, J Lysak, R MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Makhoul, K Maksimovic, P Malde, S Malik, S Manca, G Manousakis-Katsikakis, A Margaroli, F Marino, C Marino, CP Martin, A Martin, V Martinez, M Martinez-Ballarin, R Mastrandrea, P Mathis, M Mattson, ME Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Mehtala, P Menzione, A Mesropian, C Miao, T Mietlicki, D Miladinovic, N Miller, R Mills, C Milnik, M Mitra, A Mitselmakher, G Miyake, H Moed, S Moggi, N Mondragon, MN Moon, CS Moore, R Morello, MJ Morlock, J Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Murat, P Mussini, M Nachtman, J Nagai, Y Naganoma, J Nakamura, K Nakano, I Napier, A Nett, J Neu, C Neubauer, MS Neubauer, S Nielsen, J Nodulman, L Norman, M Norniella, O Nurse, E Oakes, L Oh, SH Oh, YD Oksuzian, I Okusawa, T Orava, R Osterberg, K Griso, SP Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Papadimitriou, V Papaikonomou, A Paramanov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Peiffer, T Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pianori, E Pinera, L Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Potamianos, K Poukhov, O Prokoshin, F Pronko, A Ptohos, F Pueschel, E Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Ramakrishnan, V Ranjan, N Redondo, I Renton, P Renz, M Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rodriguez, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Roy, P Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Rutherford, B Saarikko, H Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Santi, L Sartori, L Sato, K Saveliev, V Savoy-Navarro, A Schlabach, P Schmidt, A Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MA Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Sexton-Kennedy, L Sforza, F Sfyrla, A Shalhout, SZ Shears, T Shepard, PF Shimojima, M Shiraishi, S Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Simonenko, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Slaughter, AJ Slaunwhite, J Sliwa, K Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soha, A Somalwar, S Sorin, V Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M St Denis, R Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Strycker, GL Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Suslov, I Taffard, A Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Tanaka, R Tang, J Tecchio, M Teng, PK Thom, J Thome, J Thompson, GA Thomson, E Tipton, P Ttito-Guzman, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tokar, S Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Torre, S Torretta, D Totaro, P Trovato, M Tsai, SY Tu, Y Turini, N Ukegawa, F Uozumi, S van Remortel, N Varganov, A Vataga, E Vazquez, F Velev, G Vellidis, C Vidal, M Vila, I Vilar, R Vogel, M Volobouev, I Volpi, G Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wagner-Kuhr, J Wakisaka, T Wallny, R Wang, SM Warburton, A Waters, D Weinberger, M Weinelt, J Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilbur, S Williams, G Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Wolfe, H Wright, T Wu, X Wurthwein, F Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yang, UK Yang, YC Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yi, K Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, GB Yu, I Yu, SS Yun, JC Zanetti, A Zeng, Y Zhang, X Zheng, Y Zucchelli, S AF Aaltonen, T. Adelman, J. Alvarez Gonzalez, B. Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Apollinari, G. Appel, J. Apresyan, A. Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. Asaadi, J. Ashmanskas, W. Attal, A. Aurisano, A. Azfar, F. Badgett, W. Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barnes, V. E. Barnett, B. A. Barria, P. Bartos, P. Bauer, G. Beauchemin, P. -H. Bedeschi, F. Beecher, D. Behari, S. Bellettini, G. Bellinger, J. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Bhatti, A. Binkley, M. Bisello, D. Bizjak, I. Blair, R. E. Blocker, C. Blumenfeld, B. Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boisvert, V. Bortoletto, D. Boudreau, J. Boveia, A. Brau, B. Bridgeman, A. Brigliadori, L. Bromberg, C. Brubaker, E. Budagov, J. Budd, H. S. Budd, S. Burkett, K. Busetto, G. Bussey, P. Buzatu, A. Byrum, K. L. Cabrera, S. Calancha, C. Camarda, S. Campanelli, M. Campbell, M. Canelli, F. Canepa, A. Carls, B. Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. Carrillo, S. Carron, S. Casal, B. Casarsa, M. Castro, A. Catastini, P. Cauz, D. Cavaliere, V. Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. Chang, S. H. Chen, Y. C. Chertok, M. Chiarelli, G. Chlachidze, G. Chlebana, F. Cho, K. Chokheli, D. Chou, J. P. Chung, K. Chung, W. H. Chung, Y. S. Chwalek, T. Ciobanu, C. I. Ciocci, M. A. Clark, A. Clark, D. Compostella, G. Convery, M. E. Conway, J. Corbo, M. Cordelli, M. Cox, C. A. Cox, D. J. Crescioli, F. Almenar, C. Cuenca Cuevas, J. Culbertson, R. Cully, J. C. Dagenhart, D. d'Ascenzo, N. Datta, M. Davies, T. de Barbaro, P. De Cecco, S. Deisher, A. De Lorenzo, G. Dell'Orso, M. Deluca, C. Demortier, L. Deng, J. Deninno, M. d'Errico, M. Di Canto, A. Di Ruzza, B. Dittmann, J. R. D'Onofrio, M. Donati, S. Dong, P. Dorigo, T. Dube, S. Ebina, K. Elagin, A. Erbacher, R. Errede, D. Errede, S. Ershaidat, N. Eusebi, R. Fang, H. C. Farrington, S. Fedorko, W. T. Feild, R. G. Feindt, M. Fernandez, J. P. Ferrazza, C. Field, R. Flanagan, G. Forrest, R. Frank, M. J. Franklin, M. Freeman, J. C. Furic, I. Gallinaro, M. Galyardt, J. Garberson, F. Garcia, J. E. Garfinkel, A. F. Garosi, P. Gerberich, H. Gerdes, D. Gessler, A. Giagu, S. Giakoumopoulou, V. Giannetti, P. Gibson, K. Gimmell, J. L. Ginsburg, C. M. Giokaris, N. Giordani, M. Giromini, P. Giunta, M. Giurgiu, G. Glagolev, V. Glenzinski, D. Gold, M. Goldschmidt, N. Golossanov, A. Gomez, G. Gomez-Ceballos, G. Goncharov, M. Gonzalez, O. Gorelov, I. Goshaw, A. T. Goulianos, K. Gresele, A. Grinstein, S. Grosso-Pilcher, C. Group, R. C. Grundler, U. da Costa, J. Guimaraes Gunay-Unalan, Z. Haber, C. Hahn, S. R. Halkiadakis, E. Han, B. -Y. Han, J. Y. Happacher, F. Hara, K. Hare, D. Hare, M. Harr, R. F. Hartz, M. Hatakeyama, K. Hays, C. Heck, M. Heinrich, J. Herndon, M. Heuser, J. Hewamanage, S. Hidas, D. Hill, C. S. Hirschbuehl, D. Hocker, A. Hou, S. Houlden, M. Hsu, S. -C. Hughes, R. E. Hurwitz, M. Husemann, U. Hussein, M. Huston, J. Incandela, J. Introzzi, G. Iori, M. Ivanov, A. James, E. Jang, D. Jayatilaka, B. Jeon, E. J. Jha, M. K. Jindariani, S. Johnson, W. Jones, M. Joo, K. K. Jun, S. Y. Jung, J. E. Junk, T. R. Kamon, T. Kar, D. Karchin, P. E. Kato, Y. Kephart, R. Ketchum, W. Keung, J. Khotilovich, V. Kilminster, B. Kim, D. H. Kim, H. S. Kim, H. W. Kim, J. E. Kim, M. J. Kim, S. B. Kim, S. H. Kim, Y. K. Kimura, N. Kirsch, L. Klimenko, S. Kondo, K. Kong, D. J. Konigsberg, J. Korytov, A. Kotwal, A. V. Kreps, M. Kroll, J. Krop, D. Krumnack, N. Kruse, M. Krutelyov, V. Kuhr, T. Kulkarni, N. P. Kurata, M. Kwang, S. Laasanen, A. T. Lami, S. Lammel, S. Lancaster, M. Lander, R. L. Lannon, K. Lath, A. Latino, G. Lazzizzera, I. LeCompte, T. Lee, E. Lee, H. S. Lee, J. S. Lee, S. W. Leone, S. Lewis, J. D. Lin, C. -J. Linacre, J. Lindgren, M. Lipeles, E. Lister, A. Litvintsev, D. O. Liu, C. Liu, T. Lockyer, N. S. Loginov, A. Lovas, L. Lucchesi, D. Lueck, J. Lujan, P. Lukens, P. Lungu, G. Lys, J. Lysak, R. MacQueen, D. Madrak, R. Maeshima, K. Makhoul, K. Maksimovic, P. Malde, S. Malik, S. Manca, G. Manousakis-Katsikakis, A. Margaroli, F. Marino, C. Marino, C. P. Martin, A. Martin, V. Martinez, M. Martinez-Ballarin, R. Mastrandrea, P. Mathis, M. Mattson, M. E. Mazzanti, P. McFarland, K. S. McIntyre, P. McNulty, R. Mehta, A. Mehtala, P. Menzione, A. Mesropian, C. Miao, T. Mietlicki, D. Miladinovic, N. Miller, R. Mills, C. Milnik, M. Mitra, A. Mitselmakher, G. Miyake, H. Moed, S. Moggi, N. Mondragon, M. N. Moon, C. S. Moore, R. Morello, M. J. Morlock, J. Fernandez, P. Movilla Muelmenstaedt, J. Mukherjee, A. Muller, Th. Murat, P. Mussini, M. Nachtman, J. Nagai, Y. Naganoma, J. Nakamura, K. Nakano, I. Napier, A. Nett, J. Neu, C. Neubauer, M. S. Neubauer, S. Nielsen, J. Nodulman, L. Norman, M. Norniella, O. Nurse, E. Oakes, L. Oh, S. H. Oh, Y. D. Oksuzian, I. Okusawa, T. Orava, R. Osterberg, K. Griso, S. Pagan Pagliarone, C. Palencia, E. Papadimitriou, V. Papaikonomou, A. Paramanov, A. A. Parks, B. Pashapour, S. Patrick, J. Pauletta, G. Paulini, M. Paus, C. Peiffer, T. Pellett, D. E. Penzo, A. Phillips, T. J. Piacentino, G. Pianori, E. Pinera, L. Pitts, K. Plager, C. Pondrom, L. Potamianos, K. Poukhov, O. Prokoshin, F. Pronko, A. Ptohos, F. Pueschel, E. Punzi, G. Pursley, J. Rademacker, J. Rahaman, A. Ramakrishnan, V. Ranjan, N. Redondo, I. Renton, P. Renz, M. Rescigno, M. Richter, S. Rimondi, F. Ristori, L. Robson, A. Rodrigo, T. Rodriguez, T. Rogers, E. Rolli, S. Roser, R. Rossi, M. Rossin, R. Roy, P. Ruiz, A. Russ, J. Rusu, V. Rutherford, B. Saarikko, H. Safonov, A. Sakumoto, W. K. Santi, L. Sartori, L. Sato, K. Saveliev, V. Savoy-Navarro, A. Schlabach, P. Schmidt, A. Schmidt, E. E. Schmidt, M. A. Schmidt, M. P. Schmitt, M. Schwarz, T. Scodellaro, L. Scribano, A. Scuri, F. Sedov, A. Seidel, S. Seiya, Y. Semenov, A. Sexton-Kennedy, L. Sforza, F. Sfyrla, A. Shalhout, S. Z. Shears, T. Shepard, P. F. Shimojima, M. Shiraishi, S. Shochet, M. Shon, Y. Shreyber, I. Simonenko, A. Sinervo, P. Sisakyan, A. Slaughter, A. J. Slaunwhite, J. Sliwa, K. Smith, J. R. Snider, F. D. Snihur, R. Soha, A. Somalwar, S. Sorin, V. Squillacioti, P. Stanitzki, M. St Denis, R. Stelzer, B. Stelzer-Chilton, O. Stentz, D. Strologas, J. Strycker, G. L. Suh, J. S. Sukhanov, A. Suslov, I. Taffard, A. Takashima, R. Takeuchi, Y. Tanaka, R. Tang, J. Tecchio, M. Teng, P. K. Thom, J. Thome, J. Thompson, G. A. Thomson, E. Tipton, P. Ttito-Guzman, P. Tkaczyk, S. Toback, D. Tokar, S. Tollefson, K. Tomura, T. Tonelli, D. Torre, S. Torretta, D. Totaro, P. Trovato, M. Tsai, S. -Y. Tu, Y. Turini, N. Ukegawa, F. Uozumi, S. van Remortel, N. Varganov, A. Vataga, E. Vazquez, F. Velev, G. Vellidis, C. Vidal, M. Vila, I. Vilar, R. Vogel, M. Volobouev, I. Volpi, G. Wagner, P. Wagner, R. G. Wagner, R. L. Wagner, W. Wagner-Kuhr, J. Wakisaka, T. Wallny, R. Wang, S. M. Warburton, A. Waters, D. Weinberger, M. Weinelt, J. Wester, W. C., III Whitehouse, B. Whiteson, D. Wicklund, A. B. Wicklund, E. Wilbur, S. Williams, G. Williams, H. H. Wilson, P. Winer, B. L. Wittich, P. Wolbers, S. Wolfe, C. Wolfe, H. Wright, T. Wu, X. Wuerthwein, F. Yagil, A. Yamamoto, K. Yamaoka, J. Yang, U. K. Yang, Y. C. Yao, W. M. Yeh, G. P. Yi, K. Yoh, J. Yorita, K. Yoshida, T. Yu, G. B. Yu, I. Yu, S. S. Yun, J. C. Zanetti, A. Zeng, Y. Zhang, X. Zheng, Y. Zucchelli, S. CA CDF Collaboration TI Search for single top quark production in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV in the missing transverse energy plus jets topology SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; CDF; DETECTOR; PERFORMANCE; PHYSICS AB We report a search for single top quark production with the CDF II detector using 2: 1 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity of p (p) over bar collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV. The data selected consist of events characterized by large energy imbalance in the transverse plane and hadronic jets, and no identified electrons and muons, so the sample is enriched in W -> tau nu decays. In order to suppress backgrounds, additional kinematic and topological requirements are imposed through a neural network, and at least one of the jets must be identified as a b quark jet. We measure an excess of signal-like events in agreement with the standard model prediction, but inconsistent with a model without single top quark production by 2.1 standard deviations (sigma), with a median expected sensitivity of 1.4 sigma. Assuming a top quark mass of 175 GeV/c(2) and ascribing the excess to single top quark production, the cross section is measured to be 4.9(-2.2)(+2.5) (stat + syst) pb, consistent with measurements performed in independent data sets and with the standard model prediction. C1 [Aaltonen, T.; Mehtala, P.; Orava, R.; Osterberg, K.; Saarikko, H.; van Remortel, N.] Univ Helsinki, Div High Energy Phys, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. 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[Barria, P.; Bedeschi, F.; Bellettini, G.; Carosi, R.; Catastini, P.; Cavaliere, V.; Chiarelli, G.; Ciocci, M. A.; Crescioli, F.; Dell'Orso, M.; Di Canto, A.; Di Ruzza, B.; Donati, S.; Ferrazza, C.; Garosi, P.; Giannetti, P.; Giunta, M.; Introzzi, G.; Lami, S.; Latino, G.; Leone, S.; Menzione, A.; Morello, M. J.; Piacentino, G.; Punzi, G.; Ristori, L.; Sartori, L.; Scribano, A.; Scuri, F.; Sforza, F.; Squillacioti, P.; Trovato, M.; Turini, N.; Vataga, E.; Volpi, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Bellettini, G.; Crescioli, F.; Dell'Orso, M.; Di Canto, A.; Donati, S.; Punzi, G.; Sforza, F.; Volpi, G.] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Barria, P.; Catastini, P.; Cavaliere, V.; Ciocci, M. A.; Garosi, P.; Latino, G.; Scribano, A.; Squillacioti, P.; Turini, N.] Univ Siena, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ferrazza, C.; Trovato, M.; Vataga, E.] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Boudreau, J.; Gibson, K.; Hartz, M.; Liu, C.; Rahaman, A.; Shepard, P. 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H.; Herndon, M.; Nett, J.; Pondrom, L.; Pursley, J.; Ramakrishnan, V.; Shon, Y.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Almenar, C. Cuenca; Feild, R. G.; Husemann, U.; Loginov, A.; Martin, A.; Schmidt, M. P.; Stanitzki, M.; Tipton, P.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Aaltonen, T (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Div High Energy Phys, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RI Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Martinez Ballarin, Roberto/K-9209-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Moon, Chang-Seong/J-3619-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Grinstein, Sebastian/N-3988-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; unalan, zeynep/C-6660-2015; vilar, rocio/P-8480-2014; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Zeng, Yu/C-1438-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014 OI Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Martinez Ballarin, Roberto/0000-0003-0588-6720; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Moon, Chang-Seong/0000-0001-8229-7829; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Grinstein, Sebastian/0000-0002-6460-8694; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; unalan, zeynep/0000-0003-2570-7611; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; FU U.S. Department Energy; National Science Foundation; Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Council of the Republic of China; Swiss National Science Foundation; A.P. Sloan Foundation; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Germany; World Class University Program; National Research Foundation of Korea; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Royal Society, UK; Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et Physique des Particules/CNRS; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion; Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010, Spain; Slovak RD Agency; Academy of Finland FX We thank the Fermilab staff and the technical staffs of the participating institutions for their vital contributions. This work was supported by the U.S. Department Energy and the National Science Foundation; the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; the National Science Council of the Republic of China; the Swiss National Science Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Germany; the World Class University Program, the National Research Foundation of Korea; the Science and Technology Facilities Council and the Royal Society, UK; the Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et Physique des Particules/CNRS; the Russian Foundation for Basic Research; the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, and Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010, Spain; the Slovak R&D Agency; and the Academy of Finland. NR 70 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 7 AR 072003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.072003 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 590CR UT WOS:000277201900007 ER PT J AU Adamson, P Andreopoulos, C Arms, KE Armstrong, R Auty, DJ Ayres, DS Backhouse, C Barnes, PD Barr, G Barrett, WL Bhattacharya, D Bishai, M Blake, A Bock, GJ Boehnlein, DJ Bogert, D Bower, C Cavanaugh, S Chapman, JD Cherdack, D Childress, S Choudhary, BC Coelho, JAB Coleman, SJ Cronin-Hennessy, D Culling, AJ Danko, IZ de Jong, JK Devenish, NE Diwan, MV Dorman, M Erwin, AR Escobar, CO Evans, JJ Falk, E Feldman, GJ Frohne, MV Gallagher, HR Godley, A Goodman, MC Gouffon, P Gran, R Grashorn, EW Grzelak, K Habig, A Harris, D Harris, PG Hartnell, J Hatcher, R Heller, K Himmel, A Holin, A Hylen, J Irwin, GM Isvan, Z Jaffe, DE James, C Jensen, D Kafka, T Kasahara, SMS Kim, JJ Koizumi, G Kopp, S Kordosky, M Koskinen, DJ Krahn, Z Kreymer, A Lang, K Ling, J Litchfield, PJ Litchfield, RP Loiacono, L Lucas, P Ma, J Mann, WA Marshak, ML Marshall, JS Mayer, N McGowan, AM Mehdiyev, R Meier, JR Messier, MD Metelko, CJ Michael, DG Miller, WH Mishra, SR Mitchell, J Moore, CD Morfin, J Mualem, L Mufson, S Musser, J Naples, D Nelson, JK Newman, HB Nichol, RJ Nicholls, TC Ochoa-Ricoux, JP Oliver, WP Osiecki, T Ospanov, R Paley, J Paolone, V Patterson, RB Pavlovic, Z Pawloski, G Pearce, GF Petyt, DA Pittam, R Plunkett, RK Rahaman, A Rameika, RA Raufer, TM Rebel, B Rodrigues, PA Rosenfeld, C Rubin, HA Ryabov, VA Sanchez, MC Saoulidou, N Schneps, J Schreiner, P Semenov, VK Shanahan, P Smart, W Smith, C Sousa, A Stamoulis, P Strait, M Tagg, N Talaga, RL Thomas, J Thomson, MA Tinti, G Toner, R Tsarev, VA Tzanakos, G Urheim, J Vahle, P Viren, B Watabe, M Weber, A Webb, RC West, N White, C Whitehead, L Wojcicki, SG Wright, DM Yang, T Zois, M Zhang, K Zwaska, R AF Adamson, P. Andreopoulos, C. Arms, K. E. Armstrong, R. Auty, D. J. Ayres, D. S. Backhouse, C. Barnes, P. D., Jr. Barr, G. Barrett, W. L. Bhattacharya, D. Bishai, M. Blake, A. Bock, G. J. Boehnlein, D. J. Bogert, D. Bower, C. Cavanaugh, S. Chapman, J. D. Cherdack, D. Childress, S. Choudhary, B. C. Coelho, J. A. B. Coleman, S. J. Cronin-Hennessy, D. Culling, A. J. Danko, I. Z. de Jong, J. K. Devenish, N. E. Diwan, M. V. Dorman, M. Erwin, A. R. Escobar, C. O. Evans, J. J. Falk, E. Feldman, G. J. Frohne, M. V. Gallagher, H. R. Godley, A. Goodman, M. C. Gouffon, P. Gran, R. Grashorn, E. W. Grzelak, K. Habig, A. Harris, D. Harris, P. G. Hartnell, J. Hatcher, R. Heller, K. Himmel, A. Holin, A. Hylen, J. Irwin, G. M. Isvan, Z. Jaffe, D. E. James, C. Jensen, D. Kafka, T. Kasahara, S. M. S. Kim, J. J. Koizumi, G. Kopp, S. Kordosky, M. Koskinen, D. J. Krahn, Z. Kreymer, A. Lang, K. Ling, J. Litchfield, P. J. Litchfield, R. P. Loiacono, L. Lucas, P. Ma, J. Mann, W. A. Marshak, M. L. Marshall, J. S. Mayer, N. McGowan, A. M. Mehdiyev, R. Meier, J. R. Messier, M. D. Metelko, C. J. Michael, D. G. Miller, W. H. Mishra, S. R. Mitchell, J. Moore, C. D. Morfin, J. Mualem, L. Mufson, S. Musser, J. Naples, D. Nelson, J. K. Newman, H. B. Nichol, R. J. Nicholls, T. C. Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P. Oliver, W. P. Osiecki, T. Ospanov, R. Paley, J. Paolone, V. Patterson, R. B. Pavlovic, Z. Pawloski, G. Pearce, G. F. Petyt, D. A. Pittam, R. Plunkett, R. K. Rahaman, A. Rameika, R. A. Raufer, T. M. Rebel, B. Rodrigues, P. A. Rosenfeld, C. Rubin, H. A. Ryabov, V. A. Sanchez, M. C. Saoulidou, N. Schneps, J. Schreiner, P. Semenov, V. K. Shanahan, P. Smart, W. Smith, C. Sousa, A. Stamoulis, P. Strait, M. Tagg, N. Talaga, R. L. Thomas, J. Thomson, M. A. Tinti, G. Toner, R. Tsarev, V. A. Tzanakos, G. Urheim, J. Vahle, P. Viren, B. Watabe, M. Weber, A. Webb, R. C. West, N. White, C. Whitehead, L. Wojcicki, S. G. Wright, D. M. Yang, T. Zois, M. Zhang, K. Zwaska, R. CA MINOS Collaboration TI Neutrino and antineutrino inclusive charged-current cross section measurements with the MINOS near detector SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID NUCLEON STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; ENERGY-RANGE; MU-N; DISTRIBUTIONS; SCATTERING; COLLISIONS; GENERATOR; PHYSICS; NOMAD; MODEL AB The energy dependence of the neutrino-iron and antineutrino-iron inclusive charged-current cross sections and their ratio have been measured using a high-statistics sample with the MINOS near detector exposed to the NuMI beam from the main injector at Fermilab. Neutrino and antineutrino fluxes were determined using a low hadronic energy subsample of charged-current events. We report measurements of nu-Fe ((nu) over bar - Fe) cross section in the energy range 3-50 GeV (5-50 GeV) with precision of 2%-8% (3%-9%) and their ratio which is measured with precision 2%-8%. The data set spans the region from low energy, where accurate measurements are sparse, up to the high-energy scaling region where the cross section is well understood. C1 [Adamson, P.; Bock, G. J.; Boehnlein, D. J.; Bogert, D.; Childress, S.; Choudhary, B. C.; Harris, D.; Hatcher, R.; Hylen, J.; James, C.; Jensen, D.; Koizumi, G.; Kreymer, A.; Lucas, P.; Moore, C. D.; Morfin, J.; Plunkett, R. K.; Rameika, R. A.; Rebel, B.; Saoulidou, N.; Shanahan, P.; Smart, W.; Zwaska, R.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Ayres, D. S.; Goodman, M. C.; McGowan, A. M.; Sanchez, M. C.; Talaga, R. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Stamoulis, P.; Tzanakos, G.; Zois, M.] Univ Athens, Dept Phys, GR-15771 Athens, Greece. [Frohne, M. V.; Schreiner, P.] Benedictine Univ, Dept Phys, Lisle, IL 60532 USA. [Bishai, M.; Diwan, M. V.; Jaffe, D. E.; Viren, B.; Whitehead, L.; Zhang, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Choudhary, B. C.; Himmel, A.; Michael, D. G.; Mualem, L.; Newman, H. B.; Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P.; Patterson, R. B.] CALTECH, Lauritsen Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Blake, A.; Chapman, J. D.; Culling, A. J.; Marshall, J. S.; Mitchell, J.; Thomson, M. A.; Toner, R.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Coelho, J. A. B.; Escobar, C. O.] Univ Estadual Campinas, IF UNICAMP, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Cavanaugh, S.; Feldman, G. J.; Sanchez, M. C.; Sousa, A.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Frohne, M. V.] Coll Holy Cross, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [de Jong, J. K.; Rubin, H. A.; White, C.] IIT, Div Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Armstrong, R.; Bower, C.; Mayer, N.; Messier, M. D.; Mufson, S.; Musser, J.; Paley, J.; Urheim, J.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Dorman, M.; Evans, J. J.; Holin, A.; Kordosky, M.; Koskinen, D. J.; Nichol, R. J.; Smith, C.; Thomas, J.; Vahle, P.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Arms, K. E.; Cronin-Hennessy, D.; Grashorn, E. W.; Heller, K.; Kasahara, S. M. S.; Krahn, Z.; Litchfield, P. J.; Marshak, M. L.; McGowan, A. M.; Meier, J. R.; Miller, W. H.; Petyt, D. A.; Strait, M.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Gran, R.; Grashorn, E. W.; Habig, A.; Koskinen, D. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Tagg, N.] Otterbein Coll, Westerville, OH 43081 USA. [Backhouse, C.; Barr, G.; de Jong, J. K.; Evans, J. J.; Grzelak, K.; Litchfield, R. P.; Pittam, R.; Raufer, T. M.; Rodrigues, P. A.; Sousa, A.; Tinti, G.; Weber, A.; West, N.] Univ Oxford, Subdept Particle Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Bhattacharya, D.; Danko, I. Z.; Isvan, Z.; Naples, D.; Paolone, V.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Andreopoulos, C.; Dorman, M.; Hartnell, J.; Metelko, C. J.; Nicholls, T. C.; Pearce, G. F.; Raufer, T. M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Sci & Technol Facil Council, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Gouffon, P.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Godley, A.; Kim, J. J.; Ling, J.; Mishra, S. R.; Rahaman, A.; Rosenfeld, C.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Irwin, G. M.; Pawloski, G.; Wojcicki, S. G.; Yang, T.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Auty, D. J.; Devenish, N. E.; Falk, E.; Harris, P. G.; Hartnell, J.] Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. [Watabe, M.; Webb, R. C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Kopp, S.; Lang, K.; Loiacono, L.; Ma, J.; Mehdiyev, R.; Osiecki, T.; Pavlovic, Z.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Cherdack, D.; Gallagher, H. R.; Kafka, T.; Mann, W. A.; Oliver, W. P.; Schneps, J.; Tagg, N.] Tufts Univ, Dept Phys, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Grzelak, K.] Univ Warsaw, Dept Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Coleman, S. J.; Kordosky, M.; Nelson, J. K.; Ospanov, R.; Vahle, P.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Barnes, P. D., Jr.; Wright, D. M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Barrett, W. L.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Erwin, A. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ryabov, V. A.; Tsarev, V. A.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Dept Nucl Phys, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Semenov, V. K.] Inst High Energy Phys, RU-140284 Protvino, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Adamson, P (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Nichol, Ryan/C-1645-2008; Harris, Philip/I-7419-2012; Coelho, Joao/D-3546-2013; Tinti, Gemma/I-5886-2013; Ryabov, Vladimir/E-1281-2014; Koskinen, David/G-3236-2014; Evans, Justin/P-4981-2014; Gouffon, Philippe/I-4549-2012; Ling, Jiajie/I-9173-2014; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017; OI Hartnell, Jeffrey/0000-0002-1744-7955; Cherdack, Daniel/0000-0002-3829-728X; Weber, Alfons/0000-0002-8222-6681; Harris, Philip/0000-0003-4369-3874; Thomson, Mark/0000-0002-2654-9005; Koskinen, David/0000-0002-0514-5917; Evans, Justin/0000-0003-4697-3337; Gouffon, Philippe/0000-0001-7511-4115; Ling, Jiajie/0000-0003-2982-0670; COLEMAN, STEPHEN/0000-0002-4621-9169 NR 47 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 7 AR 072002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.072002 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 590CR UT WOS:000277201900006 ER PT J AU Aoki, S Ishikawa, KI Ishizuka, N Izubuchi, T Kadoh, D Kanaya, K Kuramashi, Y Namekawa, Y Okawa, M Taniguchi, Y Ukawa, A Ukita, N Yamazaki, T Yoshie, T AF Aoki, S. Ishikawa, K. -I. Ishizuka, N. Izubuchi, T. Kadoh, D. Kanaya, K. Kuramashi, Y. Namekawa, Y. Okawa, M. Taniguchi, Y. Ukawa, A. Ukita, N. Yamazaki, T. Yoshie, T. CA PACS-CS Collaboration TI Physical point simulation in 2+1 flavor lattice QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HYBRID MONTE-CARLO; LOCAL BOSONIC ALGORITHM; DYNAMICAL FERMIONS; PHMC ALGORITHM; FINITE-VOLUME; MATRIX; QUARKS; STATES AB We present the results of the physical point simulation in 2 + 1 flavor lattice QCD with the non-perturbatively O(a)-improved Wilson quark action and the Iwasaki gauge action at beta = 9 on a 32(3) x 64 lattice. The physical quark masses together with the lattice spacing is determined with m(pi), m(K) and m(Omega) as physical inputs. There are two key algorithmic ingredients to make possible the direct simulation at the physical point: One is the mass-preconditioned domain-decomposed HMC algorithm to reduce the computational cost. The other is the reweighting technique to adjust the hopping parameters exactly to the physical point. The physics results include the hadron spectrum, the quark masses and the pseudo-scalar meson decay constants. The renormalization factors are nonperturbatively evaluated with the Schrodinger functional method. The results are compared with the previous ones obtained by the chiral extrapolation method. C1 [Aoki, S.; Ishizuka, N.; Kanaya, K.; Kuramashi, Y.; Taniguchi, Y.; Ukawa, A.; Yoshie, T.] Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. [Aoki, S.; Ishizuka, N.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Ishikawa, K. -I.; Kadoh, D.; Kuramashi, Y.; Namekawa, Y.; Taniguchi, Y.; Ukawa, A.; Ukita, N.; Yamazaki, T.; Yoshie, T.] Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. [Ishikawa, K. -I.; Okawa, M.] Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Izubuchi, T.] Kanazawa Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. RP Aoki, S (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. RI Ukawa, Akira/A-6549-2011; Kuramashi, Yoshinobu /C-8637-2016 FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology [16740147, 17340066, 18104005, 18540250, 18740130, 19740134, 20105002, 20340047, 20540248, 20740123, 20740139] FX Numerical calculations for the present work have been carried out on the PACS-CS computer under the "Interdisciplinary Computational Science Program'' of Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba. A part of the code development has been carried out on Hitachi SR11000 at Information Media Center of Hiroshima University and the INSAM (Institute for Nonlinear Sciences and Applied Mathematics) PC cluster at Hiroshima University. This work is supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Nos. 16740147, 17340066, 18104005, 18540250, 18740130, 19740134, 20105002, 20340047, 20540248, 20740123, 20740139). NR 43 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 7 AR 074503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.074503 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 590CR UT WOS:000277201900057 ER PT J AU Arvanitaki, A Craig, N Dimopoulos, S Dubovsky, S March-Russell, J AF Arvanitaki, Asimina Craig, Nathaniel Dimopoulos, Savas Dubovsky, Sergei March-Russell, John TI String photini at the LHC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MILLICHARGED PARTICLES; SPLIT SUPERSYMMETRY; HADRON COLLIDERS; MEASURING MASSES; MODULI PROBLEM; NEUTRALINO; BOUNDS; INFLATION; EMISSION AB String theories with topologically complex compactification manifolds suggest the simultaneous presence of many unbroken U(1)'s without any light matter charged under them. The gauge bosons associated with these U(1)'s do not have direct observational consequences. However, in the presence of low energy supersymmetry the gauge fermions associated with these U(1)'s, the "photini,'' mix with the bino and extend the minimal supersymmetric standard model neutralino sector. This leads to novel signatures at the LHC. The lightest ordinary supersymmetric particle (LOSP) can decay to any one of these photini. In turn, photini may transition into each other, leading to high lepton and jet multiplicities. Both the LOSP decays and interphotini transitions can lead to displaced vertices. When the interphotini decays happen outside the detector, the cascades can result in different photini escaping the detector, leading to multiple reconstructed masses for the invisible particle. If the LOSP is charged, it stops in the detector and decays out of time to photini, with the possibility that the produced final photini vary from event to event. Observation of a plenitude of photini at the LHC would be evidence that we live in a string vacuum with a topologically rich compactification manifold. C1 [Arvanitaki, Asimina] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Arvanitaki, Asimina] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Craig, Nathaniel; Dimopoulos, Savas; Dubovsky, Sergei] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Dubovsky, Sergei] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. [March-Russell, John] Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Oxford, England. RP Arvanitaki, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU EC [MRTN-CT-2004-503369]; EU [MPRN-CT-2006-035863]; STFC FX We thank A. Barr, J. Conlon, H. Jockers, S. Kachru, E. Palti, E. Silverstein, and S. Shenker for helpful conversations, as well as the Dalitz Institute for Fundamental Physics and the Department of Theoretical Physics, Oxford University for hospitality during the course of this work. J. M. R. is partially supported by the EC Network 6th Framework Programme Research and Training Network Quest for Unification (MRTN-CT-2004-503369), by the EU FP6 Marie Curie Research and Training Network UniverseNet (MPRN-CT-2006-035863), and by the STFC. NR 42 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 7 AR 075018 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.075018 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 590CR UT WOS:000277201900078 ER PT J AU Arvanitaki, A AF Arvanitaki, Asimina TI Discovering chiral Higgsinos at the CERN LHC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SUPERSYMMETRY; PHENOMENOLOGY; PARTICLES; SEARCH; MODELS AB The concept of chirality is extended to the minimal supersymmetric standard model and the mu-term is forbidden by a gauged U(1)' symmetry. R-parity automatically emerges after symmetry breaking, suppressing proton decay and protecting the lightest supersymmetric particle. Exotics charged under the standard model pose a challenge to traditional SU(5) unification, but unification is still implemented in deconstructed grand unified theories. Because of the multitude of additional states to the minimal supersymmetric standard model, the Z' has a large width, and the standard model background, neglected in previous theoretical studies, becomes important for Z' discovery. As a result, the CERN LHC reach is reduced from 3.2 TeV, for a Z' with standard model decays, to 1.5 TeV, when additional decay channels are included. This model also predicts possibly long-lived colored and electroweak exotics. C1 [Arvanitaki, Asimina] Stanford Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Arvanitaki, Asimina] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Theory Grp, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Arvanitaki, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 7 AR 075008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.075008 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 590CR UT WOS:000277201900068 ER PT J AU Avakian, H Efremov, AV Schweitzer, P Yuan, F AF Avakian, H. Efremov, A. V. Schweitzer, P. Yuan, F. TI Transverse momentum dependent distribution functions in the bag model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; SINGLE-SPIN ASYMMETRIES; WANDZURA-WILCZEK APPROXIMATION; POLARIZED STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; QUARK-SOLITON MODEL; DRELL-YAN PROCESSES; SEMIINCLUSIVE PION ELECTROPRODUCTION; PARTON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; LORENTZ INVARIANCE RELATIONS AB Leading and subleading-twist transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) are studied in a quark-model framework provided by the bag model. A complete set of relations among different TMDs is derived, and the question is discussed how model (in) dependent such relations are. A connection of the pretzelosity distribution and quark orbital angular momentum is derived. Numerical results are presented, and applications for phenomenology are discussed. In particular, it is shown that in the valence-x region the bag model supports a Gaussian Ansatz for the transverse momentum dependence of TMDs. C1 [Avakian, H.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Efremov, A. V.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Schweitzer, P.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Yuan, F.] RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, BNL, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Yuan, F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Avakian, H (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Yuan, Feng/N-4175-2013 FU RFBR [09-02-01149, 07-02-91557]; RF MSE RNP [2.1.1/2512]; JINR; DOE under Jefferson Science Associates, LLC [DE-AC05-06OR23177]; RIKEN; Brookhaven National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX A. E. is supported by Grants No. RFBR 09-02-01149 and 07-02-91557, No. RF MSE RNP 2.1.1/2512 (MIREA) and by the Heisenberg-Landau Program of JINR. The work was supported in part by DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177, under which Jefferson Science Associates, LLC, operates the Jefferson Lab. F.Y. is grateful to RIKEN, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and the U.S. Department of Energy (Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886) for providing the facilities essential for the completion of this work. NR 202 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 7 AR 074035 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.074035 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 590CR UT WOS:000277201900053 ER PT J AU Campbell, JM Ellis, RK Williams, C AF Campbell, John M. Ellis, R. Keith Williams, Ciaran TI Hadronic production of a Higgs boson and two jets at next-to-leading order SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID WEAK INTERACTIONS; HIGH-ENERGIES; PHYSICS; DECAYS; MASS AB We perform an update of the next-to-leading order calculation of the rate for Higgs boson production in association with two jets. Our new calculation incorporates the full analytic result for the one-loop virtual amplitude. This new theoretical information allows us to construct a code including the decay of the Higgs boson without incurring a prohibitive penalty in computer running time. Results are presented for the Tevatron, where implications for the Higgs search are sketched, and also for a range of scenarios at the LHC. C1 [Campbell, John M.; Ellis, R. Keith] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theory Dept, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Williams, Ciaran] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Campbell, JM (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theory Dept, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. FU Fermi Research Alliance, LLC [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX We would like to thank Babis Anastasiou, Massimiliano Grazzini, and Giulia Zanderighi for useful discussions. C. W. acknowledges STFC for support. Fermilab is operated by the Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. NR 37 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 7 AR 074023 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.074023 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 590CR UT WOS:000277201900041 ER PT J AU Cheng, HY Chiang, CW AF Cheng, Hai-Yang Chiang, Cheng-Wei TI Hadronic D decays involving even-parity light mesons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID AXIAL-VECTOR MESONS; 2-BODY CHARM DECAYS; QUARK-MODEL; PI(-)PI(+)PI(+) DECAY; MULTIQUARK HADRONS; NONLEPTONIC DECAYS; FAVORED DECAYS; SCALAR MESONS; DALITZ PLOTS; WEAK DECAYS AB We study the hadronic D meson decays into a pseudoscalar meson P and an even-parity meson M, where M represents a scalar meson S, an axial-vector meson A, or a tensor meson T. These decays are first analyzed in the flavor-diagram approach. Fits to the SP modes with S being a nonstrange scalar meson show that neither the simple q (q) over bar picture nor the q(2)(q) over bar (2) scheme is favored by data. Current measurements on the AP decays are insufficient for a meaningful analysis. Some TP data are inconsistent with the others. In certain cases, the W-annihilation diagrams indicated by the data are unexpectedly large. As a comparison, we also compute their decay rates in the factorization approach using form factors extracted from the covariant light-front model. We find that factorization works well for Cabibbo-allowed D(+) -> SP, AP decays free of the weak annihilation contributions (W-exchange or W-annihilation). For the other SP and AP modes, it is necessary to include weak annihilation contributions to account for the data. However, factorization fails for D -> TP decays for some unknown reason; the predicted rates are in general too small by at least 2 orders of magnitude compared to experiment. We also examine the finite-width effects of resonances. Some decay modes which are kinematically forbidden become physically allowed due to the finite width of the resonance. We show that the branching fraction of D(+) -> sigma pi(+) extracted from three-body decays is enhanced by a factor of 2, whereas B(D(0) -> f(2)(1270)(K) over bar (0)) is reduced by a factor of 4 by finite-width effects. C1 [Cheng, Hai-Yang; Chiang, Cheng-Wei] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Cheng, Hai-Yang] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Chiang, Cheng-Wei] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Chungli 320, Taiwan. [Chiang, Cheng-Wei] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Math & Theoret Phys, Chungli 320, Taiwan. RP Cheng, HY (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. OI Chiang, Cheng-Wei/0000-0003-1716-0169 FU National Science Council of Taiwan, R.O.C [972112-M-008-002-MY3, NSC 97-2112-M-001-004MY3]; NCTS FX H.-Y.C. wishes to thank the hospitality of the Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory. This research was supported in part by the National Science Council of Taiwan, R.O.C. under Grants. No NSC 972112-M-008-002-MY3, No. NSC 97-2112-M-001-004MY3, and in part by the NCTS. NR 89 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 7 AR 074031 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.074031 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 590CR UT WOS:000277201900049 ER PT J AU Cheng, HY Chiang, CW AF Cheng, Hai-Yang Chiang, Cheng-Wei TI Two-body hadronic charmed meson decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; WEAK NONLEPTONIC DECAYS; QUARK-DIAGRAM SCHEME; LOW-LYING GLUEBALLS; PI-PI DECAYS; CP VIOLATION; B-MESONS; QCD FACTORIZATION; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; HAIRPIN DIAGRAM AB In this work we study the two-body hadronic charmed meson decays, including both the PP and VP modes. The latest experimental data are first analyzed in the diagrammatic approach. The magnitudes and strong phases of the flavor amplitudes are extracted from the Cabibbo-favored decay modes using chi(2) minimization. The best-fitted values are then used to predict the branching fractions of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed and doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decay modes in the flavor SU(3) symmetry limit. We observe significant SU(3) breaking effects in some of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed channels. In the case of VP modes, we point out that the A(P) and A(V) amplitudes cannot be completely determined based on currently available data. We conjecture that the quoted experimental results for both D(s)(+) -> (K) over bar (0)K*(+) and D(s)(+) -> rho+eta' are overestimated. We compare the sizes of color-allowed and color-suppressed tree amplitudes extracted from the diagrammatical approach with the effective parameters a(1) and a(2) defined in the factorization approach. The ratio vertical bar a(2)/a(1)vertical bar is more or less universal among the D -> (K) over bar pi, (K) over bar*pi, and (K) over bar rho modes. This feature allows us to discriminate between different solutions of topological amplitudes. For the long-standing puzzle about the ratio Gamma(D(0) -> K(+)K(-))/Gamma(D(0) -> pi(+)pi(-)), we argue that, in addition to the SU( 3) breaking effect in the spectator amplitudes, the long-distance resonant contribution through the nearby resonance f(0)(1710) can naturally explain why D(0) decays more copiously to K(+)K(-) than pi(+)pi(-) through the W-exchange topology. This has to do with the dominance of the scalar glueball content of f(0)(1710) and the chiral-suppression effect in the decay of a scalar glueball into two pseudoscalar mesons. The same final-state interaction also explains the occurrence of D(0) -> K(0)(K) over bar (0) and its vanishing amplitude when SU(3) flavor symmetry is exact. Owing to the G-parity selection rule, D(s)(+) -> pi(+)omega does not receive contributions from the short-distance W-annihilation and resonant final-state interactions, but it can proceed through the weak decays D(s)(+) -> rho(+)eta(()'()) followed by the final-state rescattering of rho+eta(()'()) into pi(+)omega through quark exchange. C1 [Cheng, Hai-Yang; Chiang, Cheng-Wei] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Cheng, Hai-Yang] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Chiang, Cheng-Wei] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Math & Theoret Phys, Chungli 320, Taiwan. [Chiang, Cheng-Wei] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Chungli 320, Taiwan. RP Cheng, HY (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. OI Chiang, Cheng-Wei/0000-0003-1716-0169 FU National Science Council of Taiwan, Republic of China [NSC 97-2112-M-008-002-MY3, NSC 97-2112-M-001-004-MY3]; NCTS FX We are grateful to B. Bhattacharya for useful communications. One of us (H.-Y.C.) wishes to thank the hospitality of the Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory. This research was supported in part by the National Science Council of Taiwan, Republic of China under Grant No. NSC 97-2112-M-008-002-MY3 and No. NSC 97-2112-M-001-004-MY3 and in part by the NCTS. NR 93 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 7 AR 074021 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.074021 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 590CR UT WOS:000277201900039 ER PT J AU Close, F Downum, C Thomas, CE AF Close, Frank Downum, Clark Thomas, Christopher E. TI Novel charmonium and bottomonium spectroscopies due to deeply bound hadronic molecules from single pion exchange SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID QUARK-MODEL; HEAVY MESONS; DECAYS; STATES AB Pion exchange in S-wave between hadrons that are themselves in a relative S-wave is shown to shift energies by hundreds of MeV, leading to deeply bound quasimolecular states. In the case of charmed mesons D*, D(1) a spectroscopy arises consistent with enigmatic charmonium states observed above 4 GeV in e(+)e(-) annihilation. A possible explanation of Y(4260) -> psi pi pi and Y(4360) -> psi'pi pi is found. We give results for all isospin and charge-conjugation combinations, and comment on flavor exotic doubly charmed states and bottomonium analogs. A search in D (D) over bar3 pi is recommended to test this hypothesis. An exotic 1(-+) is predicted to occur in the vicinity of the Y(4260). C1 [Close, Frank] Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. [Downum, Clark] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Thomas, Christopher E.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Close, F (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, 1 Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. EM f.close1@physics.ox.ac.uk; c.downum1@physics.ox.ac.uk; thomasc@jlab.org FU Science & Technology Facilities Council (UK); EU [MRTN-CT-2006-035482]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23177] FX One of us (F. E. C.) thanks J. Dudek for a question at a Jefferson Lab seminar, which stimulated some of this work, and T. Burns for discussion. This work is supported by grants from the Science & Technology Facilities Council (UK), in part by EU Contract No. MRTN-CT-2006-035482, "FLAVIAnet,'' and in part authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. NR 22 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 7 AR 074033 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.074033 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 590CR UT WOS:000277201900051 ER PT J AU Dawson, S Jaiswal, P AF Dawson, S. Jaiswal, P. TI Weak corrections to associated Higgs-bottom quark production SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; STANDARD MODEL; HADRON COLLIDERS; ELECTROWEAK CORRECTIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; BOSON PRODUCTION; QCD CORRECTIONS; DECAY; MASS; SCALAR AB In models with an enhanced coupling of the Higgs boson to the bottom quark, the dominant production mechanism in hadronic collisions is often the partonic subprocess, bg -> bH. We derive the weak corrections to this process and show that they can be accurately approximated by an "improved Born approximation.'' At the Tevatron, these corrections are negligible and are dwarfed by PDF and scale uncertainties for M-H < 200 GeV. At the LHC, the weak corrections are small for MH < 500 GeV. For large Higgs boson masses, the corrections become significant and are similar to 18% for M-H similar to 1 TeV at root s = 10 TeV. C1 [Dawson, S.; Jaiswal, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Jaiswal, P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. RP Dawson, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Jaiswal, Prerit/0000-0001-9208-419X; Dawson, Sally/0000-0002-5598-695X FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-8CH10886] FX We thank Chris Jackson, Laura Reina, Christian Sturm, and Doreen Wackeroth for many helpful discussions. This work is supported by the United States Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-AC02-8CH10886. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 7 AR 073008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.073008 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 590CR UT WOS:000277201900016 ER PT J AU Gao, YY Gritsan, AV Guo, ZJ Melnikov, K Schulze, M Tran, NV AF Gao, Yanyan Gritsan, Andrei V. Guo, Zijin Melnikov, Kirill Schulze, Markus Tran, Nhan V. TI Spin determination of single-produced resonances at hadron colliders SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DECAYS; LHC; ASYMMETRIES; HIERARCHY; PARITY; PAIRS AB We study the production of a single resonance at the LHC and its decay into a pair of Z bosons. We demonstrate how full reconstruction of the final states allows us to determine the spin and parity of the resonance and restricts its coupling to vector gauge bosons. Full angular analysis is illustrated with the simulation of the production and decay chain, including all spin correlations and the most general couplings of spin-zero, -one, and -two resonances to standard model matter and gauge fields. We note implications for analysis of a resonance decaying to other final states. C1 [Gao, Yanyan; Gritsan, Andrei V.; Guo, Zijin; Melnikov, Kirill; Schulze, Markus; Tran, Nhan V.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Gao, Yanyan] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Gao, YY (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. FU U.S. NSF [PHY-0644849, PHY-0758083, PHY-0855365]; A.P. Sloan Foundation; University Research Association; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; Johns Hopkins University (JHU) FX We wish to thank K. Agashe for discussion of the Kaluza-Klein graviton models. Several of us would like to thank CMS Collaboration colleagues for feedback during the regular working group presentations of this analysis, and, in particular, R. Cousins for discussion of the S significance estimator. This research is partially supported by the U.S. NSF under Grant Nos. PHY-0644849, PHY-0758083, and PHY-0855365, by the A.P. Sloan Foundation, and by the University Research Association. FNAL is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. DOE. We also acknowledge support by the start-up funds provided by the Johns Hopkins University (JHU). Calculations reported in this paper were performed on the HOMEWOOD HIGH PERFORMANCE CLUSTER of the JHU. NR 46 TC 162 Z9 162 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 7 AR 075022 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.075022 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 590CR UT WOS:000277201900082 ER PT J AU Hidaka, Y Pisarski, RD AF Hidaka, Yoshimasa Pisarski, Robert D. TI Small shear viscosity in the semiquark gluon plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID T-HOOFT LOOP; FINITE-TEMPERATURE QCD; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUANTUM-FIELD THEORY; 3-LOOP FREE-ENERGY; HOT GAUGE-THEORIES; QUARK-GLUON; TRANSPORT-COEFFICIENTS; PHASE-TRANSITION; POLYAKOV LOOP AB At nonzero temperature in QCD, about the deconfining phase transition there is a semiquark gluon plasma (semi-QGP), where the expectation value of the (renormalized) Polyakov loop is less than one. This can be modeled by a semiclassical expansion about a constant field for the vector potential, A(0), which is diagonal in color. We compute the shear viscosity in the semi-QGP by using the Boltzmann equation in the presence of this background field. To leading, logarithmic order in weak coupling, the dominant diagrams are given by the usual scattering processes of 2 -> 2 particles. For simplicity we also assume that both the number of colors and flavors are large. Near the critical temperature T-c, where the expectation value of the Polyakov loop is small, the overall density of colored fields decreases according to their color representation, with the density of quarks vanishes linearly with the loop, and that of gluons, quadratically. This decrease in the overall density dominates changes in the transport cross section. As a result, relative to that in the perturbative QGP, near T-c the shear viscosity in the semi-QGP is suppressed by two powers of the Polyakov loop. In a semiclassical expansion, the suppression of colored fields depends only upon which color representation they lie in, and not upon their mass. That light and heavy quarks are suppressed in a common manner may help to explain the behavior of charm quarks at RHIC. C1 [Hidaka, Yoshimasa] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Pisarski, Robert D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hidaka, Y (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX We would thank Olaf Kaczmarek and Kay Hubner for providing the lattice data. This research of Y.H. was supported by the Grant-in-Aid for the Global COE Program "The Next Generation of Physics, Spun from Universality and Emergence'' from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan. This research of R. D. P. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under cooperative research agreement No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. R. D. P. also thanks the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for their support. NR 264 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 7 AR 076002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.076002 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 590CR UT WOS:000277201900088 ER PT J AU Kamano, H AF Kamano, Hiroyuki TI Master formula approach to broken chiral U(3) x U(3) symmetry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID PHOTON-EMISSION RATES; LARGE N-C; HADRONIC GAS; TOPOLOGICAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; CURRENT-ALGEBRA; DILEPTON; BREAKING AB The master formula approach to chiral symmetry breaking proposed by Yamagishi and Zahed is extended to the U-R(3) x U-L(3) group in which effects of the U-A(1) anomaly and flavor symmetry breaking, m(u) not equal m(d) not equal m(s), are taken into account. New identities for the gluon topological susceptibility and pi(0), eta, eta' -> gamma(()*())gamma(()*()) decays are derived, which embody the consequences of broken chiral symmetry in QCD without relying on any unphysical limits. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Kamano, H (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics Division [DE-AC05-06OR23177] FX The author would like to thank Dr. C.-H. Lee for sending his note, and Dr. T. Sato and Dr. C. Thomas for careful reading of the manuscript and useful comments. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics Division, under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 under which Jefferson Science Associates operates the Jefferson Lab. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 7 AR 076004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.076004 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 590CR UT WOS:000277201900090 ER PT J AU Mahlon, G Parke, SJ AF Mahlon, Gregory Parke, Stephen J. TI Spin correlation effects in top quark pair production at the LHC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ORDER QCD CORRECTIONS; HADRON COLLIDERS; DECAY AB At a 14 TeV proton-proton collider, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), we show that top quark pair production is dominated at low invariant mass by the fusion of two like-helicity gluons, producing top quark pairs in the left-left or right-right helicity configurations. Whereas, at higher invariant mass the production is dominated by the fusion of unlike-helicity gluons, producing top quark pairs in the up-down or down-up off-diagonal configurations, identical to top quark pair production via quark-antiquark annihilation. We study in detail the low invariant mass region, and show that the spin correlations can be easily observed in this region by looking at the distribution of the difference in the azimuthal angles, Delta phi, of the dileptons decay products of the top quarks in the laboratory frame. Because of the large cross section for top pair production at the LHC, even with a cut requiring that the invariant mass of the top quark pair be less than 400 GeV, the approximate yield would be 10(4) dilepton (e, mu) events per fb(-1) before detector efficiencies are applied. Therefore, there is ample statistics to form the Delta phi distribution of the dilepton events, even with the invariant mass restriction. We also discuss possibilities for observing these spin correlations in the lepton plus jets channel. C1 [Mahlon, Gregory] Penn State Mt Alto, Mt Alto, PA 17237 USA. [Parke, Stephen J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Mahlon, G (reprint author), Penn State Mt Alto, 1 Campus Dr, Mt Alto, PA 17237 USA. EM gdm10@psu.edu; parke@fnal.gov OI Parke, Stephen/0000-0003-2028-6782 NR 24 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 7 AR 074024 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.074024 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 590CR UT WOS:000277201900042 ER PT J AU Ramalho, G Tsushima, K AF Ramalho, G. Tsushima, K. TI Valence quark contributions for the gamma N -> P-11(1440) form factors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ROPER RESONANCE; NUCLEON RESONANCES; MODEL; ELECTROPRODUCTION; DELTA; TRANSITION; ELECTROEXCITATION; PHOTOPRODUCTION; BARYONS AB Using a covariant spectator quark model we estimate valence quark contributions to the F-1*(Q(2)) and F-2*(Q(2)) transition form factors for the gamma N -> P-11(1440) reaction. The Roper resonance, P-11(1440), is assumed to be the first radial excitation of the nucleon. The present model requires no extra parameters except for those already fixed by previous studies of the nucleon. Our results are consistent with the experimental data in the high Q(2) region, and those from lattice QCD. We also estimate the meson cloud contributions, focusing on the low Q(2) region, where they are expected to be dominant. C1 [Ramalho, G.] Ctr Fis Teor Particulas, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. [Tsushima, K.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Ctr Theory, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Tsushima, K.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, EBAC, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Ramalho, G (reprint author), Ctr Fis Teor Particulas, Av Rovisco Pais, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. OI Ramalho, Gilberto/0000-0002-9930-659X NR 58 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 7 AR 074020 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.074020 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 590CR UT WOS:000277201900038 ER PT J AU Torok, A Beane, SR Detmold, W Luu, TC Orginos, K Parreno, A Savage, MJ Walker-Loud, A AF Torok, A. Beane, S. R. Detmold, W. Luu, T. C. Orginos, K. Parreno, A. Savage, M. J. Walker-Loud, A. CA NPLQCD Collaboration TI Meson-baryon scattering lengths from mixed-action lattice QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ROOTED STAGGERED FERMIONS; CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; QUANTUM-FIELD THEORIES; NUCLEON SCATTERING; PIONIC HYDROGEN; ANOMALIES; MATRIX; SPECTRUM; STATES AB The pi(+)Sigma(+), pi(+)Xi(0), K(+)p, K(+)n, and (K) over bar (0)Xi(0) scattering lengths are calculated in mixed-action Lattice QCD with domain-wall valence quarks on the asqtad-improved coarse MILC configurations at four light-quark masses, and at two light-quark masses on the fine MILC configurations. Heavy-baryon chiral perturbation theory with two and three flavors of light quarks is used to perform the chiral extrapolations. To the order we work in the three-flavor chiral expansion, the kaon-baryon processes that we investigate show no signs of convergence. Using the two-flavor chiral expansion for extrapolation, the pion-hyperon scattering lengths are found to be a(pi+Sigma+) = -0.197 +/- 0.017 fm, and a(pi+Xi 0) = -0.098 +/- 0.017 fm, where the comprehensive error includes statistical and systematic uncertainties. C1 [Torok, A.; Beane, S. R.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Detmold, W.; Orginos, K.; Walker-Loud, A.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Detmold, W.; Orginos, K.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Luu, T. C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div N, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Parreno, A.] Univ Barcelona, Inst Ciencies Cosmos, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Parreno, A.] Univ Barcelona, Dept Estructura & Constituents Mat, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Savage, M. J.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Torok, A (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. OI Detmold, William/0000-0002-0400-8363 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG03-97ER4014, DE-AC05-06OR23177, DE-FG02-04ER41302, DE-FG02-07ER41527]; Jeffress Memorial Trust [J-813]; National Science Foundation [PHY-0645570]; University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; EU [FLAVIAnet MRTN-CT-2006-035482]; MEC (Spain) [FIS2008-01661]; FEDER; Generalitat de Catalunya [2005SGR-00343] FX We thank U. G. Meianer for useful discussions, and R. Edwards and B. Joo for help with the QDP++/Chroma programming environment [71] with which the calculations discussed here were performed. We gratefully acknowledge the computational time provided by NERSC (Office of Science of the U. S. Department of Energy, No. DE-AC02-05CH11231), the Institute for Nuclear Theory, Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (Barcelona, Spain), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and the National Science Foundation through Teragrid resources provided by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications and the Texas Advanced Computing Center. Computational support at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility and Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory was provided by the USQCD collaboration under The Secret Life of a Quark, a U. S. Department of Energy SciDAC project (http://www.scidac.gov/physics/quarks.html). The work of M. J. S. was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG03-97ER4014. The work of K. O. and W. D. was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177 (JSA) and DOE grant DE-FG02-04ER41302. K. O. and A. W. L. were supported in part by the Jeffress Memorial Trust, grant J-813 and DOE OJI grant DE-FG02-07ER41527. The work of S. R. B. and A. T. was supported in part by the National Science Foundation CAREER grant No. PHY-0645570. Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the US DOE by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. The work of A. P. was partly supported by the EU contract FLAVIAnet MRTN-CT-2006-035482, by the contract FIS2008-01661 from MEC (Spain) and FEDER and by the Generalitat de Catalunya contract 2005SGR-00343. NR 77 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 7 AR 074506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.074506 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 590CR UT WOS:000277201900060 ER PT J AU Alexander, FJ Rosenau, P AF Alexander, Francis J. Rosenau, Philip TI Quasicontinuum Fokker-Planck equation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MASTER EQUATION; DYNAMICS; APPROXIMATION; HYDRODYNAMICS; LATTICES; CHAINS; TIME AB Building on the work [C. R. Doering, P. S. Hagan, and P. Rosenau, Phys. Rev. A 36, 985 (1987)] we present a regularized Fokker-Planck equation for discrete-state systems with more accurate short-time behavior than its standard, Kramers-Moyal counterpart. This regularization leads to a quasicontinuum Fokker-Planck equation with several key features: it preserves crucial aspects of state-space discreteness ordinarily lost in the standard Kramers-Moyal expansion; it is well posed, and it is more amenable to analytical and numerical tools currently available for continuum systems. In order to expose the basic idea underlying the regularization, it suffices for us to focus on two simple problems-the chemical reaction kinetics of a one-component system and a two-dimensional symmetric random walk on a square lattice. We then describe the path to applying this approach to more complex, discrete-state stochastic systems. C1 [Alexander, Francis J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Rosenau, Philip] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Math, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Alexander, FJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU Department of Energy [LA-UR 08-05340]; Center for Nonlinear Studies FX We thank L. Gurvits, B. Munsky, I. M. Nemenman, and M. E. Wall for very useful discussions. This work, Grant No. LA-UR 08-05340, was carried out at LANL under the auspices of the Department of Energy. P. R. was supported in part by the Center for Nonlinear Studies. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 041902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.81.041902 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 590YY UT WOS:000277265700086 PM 20481748 ER PT J AU Dreyfus, R Leunissen, ME Sha, R Tkachenko, A Seeman, NC Pine, DJ Chaikin, PM AF Dreyfus, Remi Leunissen, Mirjam E. Sha, Roujie Tkachenko, Alexei Seeman, Nadrian C. Pine, David J. Chaikin, Paul M. TI Aggregation-disaggregation transition of DNA-coated colloids: Experiments and theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SIZED COLLOIDS; CRYSTALLIZATION; THERMODYNAMICS; NANOPARTICLES AB Colloids coated with complementary single-stranded DNA "sticky ends" associate and dissociate upon heating. Recently, microscopy experiments have been carried out where this association-dissociation transition has been investigated for different types of DNA and different DNA coverages [R. Dreyfus, M. E. Leunissen, R. Sha, A. V. Tkachenko, N. C. Seeman, D. J. Pine, and P. M. Chaikin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 048301 (2009)]. It has been shown that this transition can be described by a simple quantitative model which takes into account the features of the tethered DNA on the particles and unravels the importance of an entropy cost due to DNA confinement between the surfaces. In this paper, we first present an extensive description of the experiments that were carried out. A step-by-step model is then developed starting from the level of statistical mechanics of tethered DNA to that of colloidal aggregates. This model is shown to describe the experiments with excellent agreement for the temperature and width of the transition, which are both essential properties for complex self-assembly processes. C1 [Dreyfus, Remi; Leunissen, Mirjam E.; Pine, David J.; Chaikin, Paul M.] NYU, Ctr Soft Matter Res, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Sha, Roujie; Seeman, Nadrian C.] NYU, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Tkachenko, Alexei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dreyfus, R (reprint author), CNRS Rhodia UPenn UMI 3254, Bristol, PA 19007 USA. EM remi.dreyfus@gmail.com RI Tkachenko, Alexei/I-9040-2012; Dreyfus, Remi/H-7028-2013; Pine, David/B-7740-2016 OI Tkachenko, Alexei/0000-0003-1291-243X; Dreyfus, Remi/0000-0002-4498-2582; Pine, David/0000-0002-3304-6684 FU Keck Foundation; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek FX We thank J. C. Crocker. M. Clusel, and O. Gang for fruitful discussions. This work was supported by the Keck Foundation and the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek. NR 33 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 44 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 041404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.81.041404 PN 1 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 590YY UT WOS:000277265700062 PM 20481724 ER PT J AU Goswami, M Sumpter, BG AF Goswami, Monojoy Sumpter, Bobby G. TI Anomalous chain diffusion in polymer nanocomposites for varying polymer-filler interaction strengths SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; COARSE-GRAINING PROCEDURE; GLASS-TRANSITION; LENGTH SCALES; THIN-FILM; MELTS; RELAXATION; EQUIVALENCE; VISCOSITY; CROSSOVER AB Anomalous diffusion of polymer chains in a polymer nanocomposite melt is investigated for different polymer-nanoparticle interaction strengths using stochastic molecular dynamics simulations. For spherical nanoparticles dispersed in a polymer matrix the results indicate that the chain motion exhibits three distinct regions of diffusion, the Rouse-like motion, an intermediate subdiffusive regime followed by a normal Fickian diffusion. The motion of the chain end monomers shows a scaling that can be attributed to the formation of strong "networklike" structures, which have been seen in a variety of polymer nanocomposite systems. Irrespective of the polymer-particle interaction strengths, these three regimes seem to be present with small deviations. Further investigation on dynamic structure factor shows that the deviations simply exist due to the presence of strong enthalpic interactions between the monomers with the nanoparticles, albeit preserving the anomaly in the chain diffusion. The time-temperature superposition principle is also tested for this system and shows a striking resemblance with systems near glass transition and biological systems with molecular crowding. The universality class of the problem can be enormously important in understanding materials with strong affinity to form either a glass, a gel or networklike structures. C1 [Goswami, Monojoy; Sumpter, Bobby G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Goswami, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM goswamim@ornl.gov; sumpterbg@ornl.gov RI Goswami, Monojoy/G-7943-2012; Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Goswami, Monojoy/0000-0002-4473-4888; Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 FU Division of Materials Science and Engineering (DMSE), U.S. Department of Energy (DoE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) [DEAC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by the Division of Materials Science and Engineering (DMSE), U.S. Department of Energy (DoE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) under Contract No. DEAC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). NR 73 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 041801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.81.041801 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 590YY UT WOS:000277265700076 PM 20481738 ER PT J AU Nisoli, C Gabor, NM Lammert, PE Maynard, JD Crespi, VH AF Nisoli, Cristiano Gabor, Nathaniel M. Lammert, Paul E. Maynard, J. D. Crespi, Vincent H. TI Annealing a magnetic cactus into phyllotaxis SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB The appearance of mathematical regularities in the disposition of leaves on a stem, scales on a pine-cone, and spines on a cactus has puzzled scholars for millennia; similar so-called phyllotactic patterns are seen in self-organized growth, polypeptides, convection, magnetic flux lattices and ion beams. Levitov showed that a cylindrical lattice of repulsive particles can reproduce phyllotaxis under the (unproved) assumption that minimum of energy would be achieved by two-dimensional Bravais lattices. Here we provide experimental and numerical evidence that the Phyllotactic lattice is actually a ground state. When mechanically annealed, our experimental "magnetic cactus" precisely reproduces botanical phyllotaxis, along with domain boundaries (called transitions in Botany) between different phyllotactic patterns. We employ a structural genetic algorithm to explore the more general axially unconstrained case, which reveals multijugate (multiple spirals) as well as monojugate (single-spiral) phyllotaxis. C1 [Nisoli, Cristiano] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Nisoli, Cristiano] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Gabor, Nathaniel M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lammert, Paul E.; Maynard, J. D.; Crespi, Vincent H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Nisoli, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Crespi, Vincent/0000-0003-3846-3193; Nisoli, Cristiano/0000-0003-0053-1023 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 046107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.81.046107 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 590ZA UT WOS:000277265900010 PM 20481786 ER PT J AU Wallace, DC Chisolm, ED Bock, N De Lorenzi-Venneri, G AF Wallace, Duane C. Chisolm, Eric D. Bock, N. De Lorenzi-Venneri, G. TI Statistical mechanics model for the transit free energy of monatomic liquids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DENSITY FLUCTUATIONS; SODIUM; METALS; RUBIDIUM; STATE AB In applying vibration-transit (V-T) theory of liquid dynamics to the thermodynamic properties of monatomic liquids, the point has been reached where an improved model is needed for the small (similar to 10%) transit contribution. Toward this goal, an analysis of the available high-temperature experimental entropy data for elemental liquids was recently completed [D. C. Wallace, E. D. Chisolm, and N. Bock, Phys. Rev. E 79, 051201 (2009)]. This analysis yields a common curve of transit entropy vs T/theta(tr) tr, where T is temperature and theta(tr) is a scaling temperature for each element. In the present paper, a statistical mechanics model is constructed for the transit partition function, and is calibrated to the experimental transit entropy curve. The model has two scalar parameters, and captures the temperature scaling of experiment. The calibrated model fits the experimental liquid entropy to high accuracy at all temperatures. With no additional parameters, the model also agrees with both experiment and molecular dynamics for the internal energy vs. T for Na. With the calibrated transit model, V-T theory provides equations subject to ab initio evaluation for thermodynamic properties of monatomic liquids. This will allow the range of applicability of the theory, and its overall accuracy, to be determined. More generally, the hypothesis of V-T theory, which divides the many-atom potential energy valleys into random and symmetric classes, can also be tested for its application beyond monatomic systems. C1 [Wallace, Duane C.; Chisolm, Eric D.; Bock, N.; De Lorenzi-Venneri, G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wallace, DC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We appreciate helpful discussions with B. Clements, C. Greeff, and T. Peery. This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 041201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.81.041201 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 590YY UT WOS:000277265700048 PM 20481710 ER PT J AU Bambade, P Pons, MA Amann, J Angal-Kalinin, D Apsimon, R Araki, S Aryshev, A Bai, S Bellomo, P Bett, D Blair, G Bolzon, B Boogert, S Boorman, G Burrows, PN Christian, G Coe, P Constance, B Delahaye, JP Deacon, L Elsen, E Faus-Golfe, A Fukuda, M Gao, J Geffroy, N Gianfelice-Wendt, E Guler, H Hayano, H Heo, AY Honda, Y Huang, JY Hwang, WH Iwashita, Y Jeremie, A Jones, J Kamiya, Y Karataev, P Kim, ES Kim, HS Kim, SH Komamiya, S Kubo, K Kume, T Kuroda, S Lam, B Lyapin, A Masuzawa, M McCormick, D Molloy, S Naito, T Nakamura, T Nelson, J Okamoto, D Okugi, T Oroku, M Park, YJ Parker, B Paterson, E Perry, C Pivi, M Raubenheimer, T Renier, Y Resta-Lopez, J Rimbault, C Ross, M Sanuki, T Scarfe, A Schulte, D Seryi, A Spencer, C Suehara, T Sugahara, R Swinson, C Takahashi, T Tauchi, T Terunuma, N Tomas, R Urakawa, J Urner, D Verderi, M Wang, MH Warden, M Wendt, M White, G Wittmer, W Wolski, A Woodley, M Yamaguchi, Y Yamanaka, T Yan, Y Yoda, H Yokoya, K Zhou, F Zimmermann, F AF Bambade, P. Pons, M. Alabau Amann, J. Angal-Kalinin, D. Apsimon, R. Araki, S. Aryshev, A. Bai, S. Bellomo, P. Bett, D. Blair, G. Bolzon, B. Boogert, S. Boorman, G. Burrows, P. N. Christian, G. Coe, P. Constance, B. Delahaye, J. -P. Deacon, L. Elsen, E. Faus-Golfe, A. Fukuda, M. Gao, J. Geffroy, N. Gianfelice-Wendt, E. Guler, H. Hayano, H. Heo, A. -Y. Honda, Y. Huang, J. Y. Hwang, W. H. Iwashita, Y. Jeremie, A. Jones, J. Kamiya, Y. Karataev, P. Kim, E. -S. Kim, H. -S. Kim, S. H. Komamiya, S. Kubo, K. Kume, T. Kuroda, S. Lam, B. Lyapin, A. Masuzawa, M. McCormick, D. Molloy, S. Naito, T. Nakamura, T. Nelson, J. Okamoto, D. Okugi, T. Oroku, M. Park, Y. J. Parker, B. Paterson, E. Perry, C. Pivi, M. Raubenheimer, T. Renier, Y. Resta-Lopez, J. Rimbault, C. Ross, M. Sanuki, T. Scarfe, A. Schulte, D. Seryi, A. Spencer, C. Suehara, T. Sugahara, R. Swinson, C. Takahashi, T. Tauchi, T. Terunuma, N. Tomas, R. Urakawa, J. Urner, D. Verderi, M. Wang, M. -H. Warden, M. Wendt, M. White, G. Wittmer, W. Wolski, A. Woodley, M. Yamaguchi, Y. Yamanaka, T. Yan, Y. Yoda, H. Yokoya, K. Zhou, F. Zimmermann, F. CA ATF Collaboration TI Present status and first results of the final focus beam line at the KEK Accelerator Test Facility SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID COLLIDERS AB ATF2 is a final-focus test beam line which aims to focus the low emittance beam from the ATF damping ring to a vertical size of about 37 nm and to demonstrate nanometer level beam stability. Several advanced beam diagnostics and feedback tools are used. In December 2008, construction and installation were completed and beam commissioning started, supported by an international team of Asian, European, and U. S. scientists. The present status and first results are described. C1 [Bambade, P.; Renier, Y.; Rimbault, C.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, LAL, IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Pons, M. Alabau; Faus-Golfe, A.] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, Valencia, Spain. [Amann, J.; Bellomo, P.; Lam, B.; McCormick, D.; Nelson, J.; Paterson, E.; Pivi, M.; Raubenheimer, T.; Seryi, A.; Spencer, C.; Wang, M. -H.; White, G.; Wittmer, W.; Woodley, M.; Yan, Y.; Zhou, F.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Angal-Kalinin, D.; Jones, J.] Daresbury Lab, STFC, Cockcroft Inst, Warrington, Cheshire, England. [Apsimon, R.; Bett, D.; Burrows, P. N.; Christian, G.; Coe, P.; Constance, B.; Perry, C.; Resta-Lopez, J.; Swinson, C.; Urner, D.; Warden, M.] John Adams Inst, Oxford, England. [Bambade, P.; Araki, S.; Aryshev, A.; Fukuda, M.; Hayano, H.; Honda, Y.; Kubo, K.; Kume, T.; Kuroda, S.; Masuzawa, M.; Naito, T.; Okugi, T.; Renier, Y.; Sugahara, R.; Tauchi, T.; Terunuma, N.; Urakawa, J.; Yokoya, K.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Bai, S.; Gao, J.] Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [Bolzon, B.; Geffroy, N.; Jeremie, A.] Univ Savoie, CNRS, LAPP, IN2P3, Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Blair, G.; Boogert, S.; Boorman, G.; Deacon, L.; Karataev, P.; Molloy, S.] Royal Holloway Univ London, John Adams Inst, London, England. [Delahaye, J. -P.; Schulte, D.; Tomas, R.; Zimmermann, F.] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Elsen, E.] DESY, Hamburg, Germany. [Gianfelice-Wendt, E.; Ross, M.; Wendt, M.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Guler, H.; Verderi, M.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Heo, A. -Y.; Kim, E. -S.; Kim, H. -S.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu, South Korea. [Iwashita, Y.] Kyoto ICR, Kyoto, Japan. [Kamiya, Y.; Komamiya, S.; Nakamura, T.; Oroku, M.; Suehara, T.; Yamaguchi, Y.; Yamanaka, T.; Yoda, H.] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. [Lyapin, A.] UCL, London, England. [Okamoto, D.; Sanuki, T.] Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Parker, B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Scarfe, A.] Univ Manchester, Cockcroft Inst, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Takahashi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima 730, Japan. [Wolski, A.] Univ Liverpool, Cockcroft Inst, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. RP Bambade, P (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, CNRS, LAL, IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay, France. RI swinson, christina/C-6782-2012; Huang, Jianyu/C-5183-2008; urakawa, junji/F-4763-2014; Kamiya, Yoshio/L-4394-2014; Aryshev, Alexander/J-4054-2016; Karataev, Pavel/O-5440-2015; OI Kamiya, Yoshio/0000-0001-8716-2536; Aryshev, Alexander/0000-0002-0890-4640; Karataev, Pavel/0000-0002-1961-3793; Wolski, Andrzej/0000-0002-5057-5588 FU DOE [DE-AC0276SF00515]; JSPS [KAKENHI 17GS0210]; MEXT; French Ministry of Research [ATF2-IN2P3-KEK, ANR-06-BLAN-0027]; European Commission [227579] FX This work is supported by DOE Contract No. DE-AC0276SF00515; Grant-in-Aid for Creative Scientific Research of JSPS (KAKENHI 17GS0210); U.S.A.-Japan Collaboration Research Grant of MEXT; Agence Nationale de la Recherche of the French Ministry of Research (Programme Blanc, Project No. ATF2-IN2P3-KEK, Contract No. ANR-06-BLAN-0027); The "Toshiko Yuasa'' France Japan Particle Physics Laboratory; Science and Technology Facilities Council, U.K., and EuCARD project cofunded by the European Commission within the Framework Program 7, under Grant Agreement No. 227579. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD APR PY 2010 VL 13 IS 4 AR 042801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.13.042801 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 602PG UT WOS:000278150700009 ER PT J AU Ohtsubo, S Fujioka, M Higaki, H Ito, K Okamoto, H Sugimoto, H Lund, SM AF Ohtsubo, S. Fujioka, M. Higaki, H. Ito, K. Okamoto, H. Sugimoto, H. Lund, S. M. TI Experimental study of coherent betatron resonances with a Paul trap SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL BEAM PHYSICS; QUADRUPOLE; PROPAGATION AB Linear and nonlinear resonant instabilities of charged-particle beams traveling in periodic quadrupole focusing channels are studied experimentally with a compact non-neutral plasma trap. The present experiments are based on the idea that the collective motion of a beam in an accelerator is physically similar to that of a one-component plasma in a trap. A linear Paul trap system named "S-POD'' (simulator for particle orbit dynamics) was developed to explore a variety of space-charge-induced phenomena. To emulate lattice-dependent effects, periodic perturbations are applied to quadrupole electrodes, which gives rise to additional resonance stop bands that shift depending on the plasma density. It is confirmed that an mth-order resonance takes place when the corresponding tune of an mth-order collective mode Omega(m) is close to a half integer. C1 [Ohtsubo, S.; Fujioka, M.; Higaki, H.; Ito, K.; Okamoto, H.; Sugimoto, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Adv Sci Matter, Higashihiroshima 7398530, Japan. [Lund, S. M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ohtsubo, S (reprint author), Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Adv Sci Matter, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 7398530, Japan. FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; High Energy Accelerator Research Organization; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors wish to thank A. M. Sessler for his valuable comments on this paper. We are indebted to D. P. Grote and J.-L. Vay for support provided on the WARP simulation code. This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, by the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, and by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD APR PY 2010 VL 13 IS 4 AR 044201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.13.044201 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 602PG UT WOS:000278150700011 ER PT J AU Rose, DV Welch, DR Miller, CL Clark, RE Madrid, EA Mostrom, CB Wagoner, TC Moore, JK Stygar, WA Bailey, JE Nash, TJ Rochau, GA Sinars, DB AF Rose, D. V. Welch, D. R. Miller, C. L. Clark, R. E. Madrid, E. A. Mostrom, C. B. Wagoner, T. C. Moore, J. K. Stygar, W. A. Bailey, J. E. Nash, T. J. Rochau, G. A. Sinars, D. B. TI 10(7)-A load-current B-dot monitor: Simulations, design, and performance SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-IN-CELL; Z-ACCELERATOR; TRANSPORT; DIODES AB A B-dot monitor that measures the current 6 cm from the axis of dynamic loads fielded on 10(7)-A multiterawatt pulsed-power accelerators has been developed. The monitor improves upon the multi-megampere load-current gauge described in Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 11, 100401 (2008). The design of the improved monitor was developed using three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations that model vacuum electron flow in the transmission line near the monitor. The simulations include important geometric features of the B-dot probe and model the deposition of electron energy within the probe. The simulations show that the improved design reduces by as much as a factor of 5 the electron energy deposition to the interior of the monitor. Data taken on accelerator shots demonstrate that the improved monitor works as well as the original monitor on shots with low-impedance loads, and delivers superior performance on higher-impedance-load shots. C1 [Rose, D. V.; Welch, D. R.; Miller, C. L.; Clark, R. E.; Madrid, E. A.; Mostrom, C. B.] Voss Sci LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Wagoner, T. C.; Moore, J. K.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Stygar, W. A.; Bailey, J. E.; Nash, T. J.; Rochau, G. A.; Sinars, D. B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rose, DV (reprint author), Voss Sci LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94-AL85000] FX The authors are extremely grateful for the sustained support of this research by J. Porter, K. Matzen, and L. Schneider. We thank K. Androlewicz for providing the rendering of the ZR MITL system in Fig. 1 and M. Dyson for technical editing. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94-AL85000. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD APR PY 2010 VL 13 IS 4 AR 040401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.13.040401 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 602PG UT WOS:000278150700002 ER PT J AU Schwarz, J Rambo, P Kimmel, M Geissel, M Robertson, G Ramsey, M Headley, D Atherton, B AF Schwarz, Jens Rambo, Patrick Kimmel, Mark Geissel, Matthias Robertson, Grafton Ramsey, Marc Headley, Daniel Atherton, Briggs TI Debris mitigation techniques for petawatt-class lasers in high debris environments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID FACILITY; SYSTEM AB This paper addresses debris mitigation techniques for two different kinds of debris sources that are found in the high-energy density community. The first debris source stems from the laser-target interaction and this debris can be mitigated by avoiding a direct line of sight to the debris source ( e. g. by using a sacrificial fold mirror) or by inserting a thin debris shield. Several thin film debris shields have been investigated and nitrocellulose was found to be the best suited. The second debris source originates from an external high-energy density driver or experiment. In our specific case, this is the Z accelerator, a Z-pinch machine that generates 2 MJ of x rays at 300 TW. The center section of the Z accelerator is an extremely violent environment which requires the development of novel debris mitigation approaches for backlighting with petawatt lasers. Two such approaches are presented in this paper. First, a self-closing focusing cone. In our facility, the focused beam on target is fully enclosed inside a solid focusing cone. In the first debris mitigation scenario, the last part of the cone has a "flapper'' that should seal the cone when the pressure wave from the Z-pinch explosion hits it. In the second scenario, an enclosed target assembly is used, with the last part of the focusing cone connected to a "target can'' which houses the laser target. The laser produced x rays for backlighting escape through a 3 mm diameter hole that is protected by an x-ray filter stack. Both techniques are discussed in detail and have been successfully tested on the Z accelerator. C1 [Schwarz, Jens; Rambo, Patrick; Kimmel, Mark; Geissel, Matthias; Robertson, Grafton; Ramsey, Marc; Headley, Daniel; Atherton, Briggs] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schwarz, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jschwar@sandia.gov RI Ramsey, Marc/E-6412-2011 OI Ramsey, Marc/0000-0002-2290-716X FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD APR PY 2010 VL 13 IS 4 AR 041001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.13.041001 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 602PG UT WOS:000278150700004 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Allen, CK Galambos, JD Holmes, J Wang, JG AF Zhang, Y. Allen, C. K. Galambos, J. D. Holmes, J. Wang, J. G. TI Transverse beam resonance in the superconducting linac of the Spallation Neutron Source SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB A weak transverse resonance in the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) superconducting linac is identified in computer simulations, and is believed to be one of the mechanisms behind measured beam losses. This weak resonance is induced by the nonlinear dodecapole component of the linac quadrupole magnets. It occurs when the linac focusing lattice has a transverse phase advance close to 60 degrees. By reducing the phase advance to approximately 50 degrees to avoid the resonance, we observe significant reduction in beam loss in the SNS superconducting linac. We present theory and computer simulation results supporting the notion that a suppression of the 60 degrees resonance may contribute to reduction in the beam loss. C1 [Zhang, Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS, Res Accelerator Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS, Res Accelerator Div, POB 2008,MS 6461, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU United States Government, United States Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The authors would like to thank A. Aleksandrov for many fruitful discussions. This submission was sponsored by a contractor of the United States Government under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the United States Department of Energy. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD APR PY 2010 VL 13 IS 4 AR 044401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.13.044401 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 602PG UT WOS:000278150700012 ER PT J AU Chanowitz, MS AF Chanowitz, M. S. TI Z' bosons, the NuTeV anomaly, and the Higgs boson mass SO PHYSICS OF ATOMIC NUCLEI LA English DT Article ID STANDARD MODEL; ELECTROWEAK; PARAMETERS; SCATTERING AB Fits to the precision electroweak data that include the NuTeV measurement are considered in family universal, anomaly free U(1) extensions of the Standard Model. In data sets from which the hadronic asymmetries are excluded, some of the Z' models can double the predicted value of the Higgs boson mass, from similar to 60 to similar to 120 GeV, removing the tension with the LEP II lower bound, while also modestly improving the chi (2) confidence level. The effect of the Z' models on both m (H) and the chi (2) confidence level is increased when the NuTeV measurement is included in the fit. Both the original NuTeV data and a revised estimate by the PDG are considered. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Theoret Phys Grp, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chanowitz, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Theoret Phys Grp, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mschanowitz@lbl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX This work was supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, Division of High Energy Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7788 J9 PHYS ATOM NUCL+ JI Phys. Atom. Nuclei PD APR PY 2010 VL 73 IS 4 BP 680 EP 688 DI 10.1134/S1063778810040149 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 586LU UT WOS:000276911600014 ER PT J AU Vasudeo, N Echekki, T Day, MS Bell, JB AF Vasudeo, Nikhil Echekki, Tarek Day, Marcus S. Bell, John B. TI The regime diagram for premixed flame kernel-vortex interactions-Revisited SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE chemically reactive flow; combustion; flames; flow simulation; turbulence; vortices ID HYDROGEN-AIR FLAMES; TURBULENT COMBUSTION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; FLOWS AB Regimes of flame kernel-vortex (KV) interactions are investigated numerically using a detailed mechanism for hydrogen chemistry. The parametric simulations explore a wide range of conditions that are representative of conditions encountered at various degrees of turbulence intensity. The results show that KV interactions can be classified into five different regimes, which include (1) the laminar kernel regime, (2) the wrinkled kernel regime, (3) the breakthrough regime, (4) the global extinction regime, and (5) the regeneration after global extinction (RGE) regime. With the exception of the last regime, the transition from one regime to another in the order listed corresponds to increasing the vortex size and strength. Operation at the RGE regime reveals interesting dynamics of the flame front that results in reignition or mending of combustion regimes after most of the original kernel has extinguished due to intense straining. Two different types of combustion zones are observed, which correspond to a flamelet structure as well as to more diffuse structures of merged flame segments. A revised regime diagram of the KV interactions is proposed that includes the broader range of KV interactions and incorporates the new RGE regime. C1 [Vasudeo, Nikhil; Echekki, Tarek] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Day, Marcus S.; Bell, John B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vasudeo, N (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Campus Box 7910, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. OI Echekki, Tarek/0000-0002-0146-7994 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0810537]; Applied Mathematics Research Program of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The work of N.V. and T.E. was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CBET-0810537. The work of M.S.D. and J.B.B. was supported by the Applied Mathematics Research Program of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Computations were carried out at the NC State High-Performance Computing facility. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD APR PY 2010 VL 22 IS 4 AR 043602 DI 10.1063/1.3372167 PG 10 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 590QO UT WOS:000277242300025 ER PT J AU Budny, RV AF Budny, R. V. TI Current control in ITER steady state plasmas with neutral beam steering SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article DE electric current control; plasma beam injection heating; plasma boundary layers; plasma density; plasma hybrid waves; plasma magnetohydrodynamics; plasma radiofrequency heating; plasma temperature; plasma toroidal confinement; Tokamak devices ID TOKAMAKS; REACTOR; HYBRID; TRANSPORT; SCENARIOS; PARTICLE; HEAT AB Predictions of quasisteady state DT plasmas in ITER [R. Aymar , Nucl. Fusion 41, 1301 (2001)] are generated using the PTRANSP code [R. V. Budny, Nucl. Fusion 49, 085008 (2009)]. The plasma temperatures, densities, boundary shape, and total current (9-10 MA) anticipated for ITER steady state plasmas are specified. Current drive by negative ion neutral beam injection, lower-hybrid, and electron cyclotron resonance are calculated. Four modes of operation with different combinations of current drive are studied. For each mode, scans with the negative ion neutral beam injection aimed at differing heights in the plasma are performed to study their effects on current control on the q profile. The time-evolution of the currents and q are calculated, and long-duration transients (up to similar or equal to 1500 s) are predicted. Effects of the beam and alpha ion pressures on the magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium are predicted to significantly alter the bootstrap current. The TEQ equilibrium solver [L. Degtyarev and V. Drozdov, Comput. Phys. Rep. 46, 481 (1985)] in PTRANSP is found to be much more accurate than the VMEC solver [S. P. Hirshman , J. Comput. Phys. 87, 396 (1990)]. Quasisteady state, strongly reversed q profiles are predicted for some beam injection angles when the current drive and bootstrap currents are sufficiently large. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Budny, RV (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM budny@princeton.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-09CH11466] FX The author wishes to thank R. Andre, R. Goldston, C. Kessel, D. McCune, and S. Zweben for helpful suggestions. The contributions of the PTRANSP development teams at PPPL, Lehigh, GA, and LNL are greatly appreciated. This research is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-09CH11466. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD APR PY 2010 VL 17 IS 4 AR 042506 DI 10.1063/1.3357353 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 590QV UT WOS:000277243000035 ER PT J AU Lang, JY Fu, GY Chen, Y AF Lang, Jianying Fu, Guo-Yong Chen, Yang TI Nonlinear simulation of toroidal Alfveacuten eigenmode with source and sink SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article DE eigenvalues and eigenfunctions; plasma Alfven waves; plasma collision processes; plasma instability; plasma kinetic theory; plasma magnetohydrodynamics; plasma nonlinear waves; plasma simulation; plasma toroidal confinement; Tokamak devices ID ENERGETIC INJECTED BEAM; SINGLE-MODE DRIVEN; ALFVEN EIGENMODE; WAVE PROBLEM; SATURATION; TOKAMAK; INSTABILITIES; STELLARATORS; EVOLUTION AB Kinetic/magnetohydrodynamic hybrid simulations are carried out to investigate the nonlinear dynamics of energetic particle-driven toroidal Alfveacuten eigenmode with collision and source/sink. For cases well above marginal stability, the mode saturation is approximately steady state with finite collision frequency. The calculated scaling of saturation level with collision frequency agrees well with analytic theory. For cases near-marginal stability at low collision rates, the mode saturation exhibits pulsation behavior with frequency chirps up and down. C1 [Lang, Jianying; Fu, Guo-Yong] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Chen, Yang] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lang, JY (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. FU Department of Energy Scientific Discovery through the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-09-CH11466] FX We gratefully thank H. L. Berk, B. N. Breizman, S. E. Parker, and N. N. Gorelenkov for stimulating discussions.; We also thank H. L. Berk and B. N. Breizman for carefully reading the manuscript and for many helpful comments. One of the authors (J.L.) sincerely thanks J. A. Breslau for help in the M3D code diagnostics. This work was supported by the Department of Energy Scientific Discovery through the U. S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-AC02-09-CH11466. All simulations are performed on Franklin at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC). NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD APR PY 2010 VL 17 IS 4 AR 042309 DI 10.1063/1.3394702 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 590QV UT WOS:000277243000029 ER PT J AU Moodera, JS Miao, GX Santos, TS AF Moodera, Jagadeesh S. Miao, Guo-Xing Santos, Tiffany S. TI Frontiers in spin-polarized tunneling SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; LARGE MAGNETORESISTANCE; JUNCTIONS; BARRIERS; FIELD C1 [Moodera, Jagadeesh S.; Miao, Guo-Xing] MIT, Francis Bitter Magnet Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Santos, Tiffany S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Moodera, JS (reprint author), MIT, Francis Bitter Magnet Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Miao, Guo-Xing/A-2411-2008 OI Miao, Guo-Xing/0000-0002-8735-8077 FU NSF; Office of Naval Research; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; Korea Institute of Science and Technology FX The authors are grateful to Robert Meservey and Paul Tedrow for extensive discussions and to our research funding agencies-NSF, Office of Naval Research, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, and the Korea Institute of Science and Technology-MIT joint program-for sustained support. NR 23 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 EI 1945-0699 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD APR PY 2010 VL 63 IS 4 BP 46 EP 51 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 581TS UT WOS:000276548200023 ER PT J AU Crease, RP AF Crease, Robert P. TI Dealing with doomsday SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Article C1 [Crease, Robert P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. [Crease, Robert P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Crease, RP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. EM rcrease@notes.cc.sunysb.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD APR PY 2010 VL 23 IS 4 BP 32 EP 36 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 587XL UT WOS:000277029600030 ER PT J AU Harholt, J Bach, IC Lind-Bouquin, S Nunan, KJ Madrid, SM Brinch-Pedersen, H Holm, PB Scheller, HV AF Harholt, Jesper Bach, Inga C. Lind-Bouquin, Solveig Nunan, Kylie J. Madrid, Susan M. Brinch-Pedersen, Henrik Holm, Preben B. Scheller, Henrik V. TI Generation of transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) accumulating heterologous endo-xylanase or ferulic acid esterase in the endosperm SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cell walls; endo-xylanase; ferulic acid esterase; Triticum aestivum L ID CELL-WALL POLYSACCHARIDES; ENDOXYLANASE INHIBITORS; RHAMNOGALACTURONAN-I; DIETARY FIBER; ARABINOXYLANS; DIGESTIBILITY; EXPRESSION; PROTEINS; BARLEY; GENES AB P>Endo-xylanase (from Bacillus subtilis) or ferulic acid esterase (from Aspergillus niger) were expressed in wheat under the control of the endosperm-specific 1DX5 glutenin promoter. Constructs both with and without the endoplasmic reticulum retention signal (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu) KDEL were used. Transgenic plants were recovered in all four cases but no qualitative differences could be observed whether KDEL was added or not. Endo-xylanase activity in transgenic grains was increased between two and threefold relative to wild type. The grains were shrivelled and had a 25%-33% decrease in mass. Extensive analysis of the cell walls showed a 10%-15% increase in arabinose to xylose ratio, a 50% increase in the proportion of water-extractable arabinoxylan, and a shift in the MW of the water-extractable arabinoxylan from being mainly larger than 85 kD to being between 2 and 85 kD. Ferulic acid esterase-expressing grains were also shrivelled, and the seed weight was decreased by 20%-50%. No ferulic acid esterase activity could be detected in wild-type grains whereas ferulic acid esterase activity was detected in transgenic lines. The grain cell walls had 15%-40% increase in water-unextractable arabinoxylan and a decrease in monomeric ferulic acid between 13% and 34%. In all the plants, the observed changes are consistent with a plant response that serves to minimize the effect of the heterologously expressed enzymes by increasing arabinoxylan biosynthesis and cross-linking. C1 [Harholt, Jesper; Nunan, Kylie J.; Scheller, Henrik V.] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, VKR Res Ctr Proact Plants, Plant Mol Biol Lab,Dept Plant Biol & Biotechnol, Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Bach, Inga C.; Lind-Bouquin, Solveig; Brinch-Pedersen, Henrik; Holm, Preben B.] Aarhus Univ, Res Ctr Flakkebjerg, Fac Agr Sci, Dept Genet & Biotechnol, Slagelse, Denmark. [Madrid, Susan M.] Genencor Inc, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Scheller, Henrik V.] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA USA. RP Scheller, HV (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, VKR Res Ctr Proact Plants, Plant Mol Biol Lab,Dept Plant Biol & Biotechnol, Frederiksberg C, Denmark. EM hscheller@lbl.gov RI Scheller, Henrik/A-8106-2008; Harholt, Jesper/F-3760-2011; Harholt, Jesper/F-6865-2014 OI Scheller, Henrik/0000-0002-6702-3560; Harholt, Jesper/0000-0002-7984-0066 FU US. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; US. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Danish Natural Science Research Council; Danish Food Industry Agency FX Lis Bagnkop Holte is thanked for technical assistance and Ole Brad Hansen for taking care of the plants. This work was supported by the US. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, through contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the US. Department of Energy; the Danish Natural Science Research Council, and the Danish Food Industry Agency. NR 45 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-7644 EI 1467-7652 J9 PLANT BIOTECHNOL J JI Plant Biotechnol. J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 8 IS 3 BP 351 EP 362 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2009.00490.x PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 563PS UT WOS:000275145800010 PM 20102532 ER PT J AU Weng, JK Akiyama, T Bonawitz, ND Li, X Ralph, J Chapple, C AF Weng, Jing-Ke Akiyama, Takuya Bonawitz, Nicholas D. Li, Xu Ralph, John Chapple, Clint TI Convergent Evolution of Syringyl Lignin Biosynthesis via Distinct Pathways in the Lycophyte Selaginella and Flowering Plants SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID CYTOCHROME P450-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE; GENERAL PHENYLPROPANOID PATHWAY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CINNAMOYL-COA; FERULATE 5-HYDROXYLASE; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; MUTANT; HYDROXYCINNAMOYLTRANSFERASE; 3-HYDROXYLASE; PURIFICATION AB Phenotypic convergence in unrelated lineages arises when different organisms adapt similarly under comparable selective pressures. In an apparent example of this process, syringyl lignin, a fundamental building block of plant cell walls, occurs in two major plant lineages, lycophytes and angiosperms, which diverged from one another more than 400 million years ago. Here, we show that this convergence resulted from independent recruitment of lignin biosynthetic cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases that route cell wall monomers through related but distinct pathways in the two lineages. In contrast with angiosperms, in which syringyl lignin biosynthesis requires two phenylpropanoid meta-hydroxylases C3'H and F5H, the lycophyte Selaginella employs one phenylpropanoid dual meta-hydroxylase to bypass several steps of the canonical lignin biosynthetic pathway. Transgenic expression of the Selaginella hydroxylase in Arabidopsis thaliana dramatically reroutes its endogenous lignin biosynthetic pathway, yielding a novel lignin composition not previously identified in nature. Our findings demonstrate a unique case of convergent evolution via distinct biochemical strategies and suggest a new way to genetically reconstruct lignin biosynthesis in higher plants. C1 [Weng, Jing-Ke; Bonawitz, Nicholas D.; Li, Xu; Chapple, Clint] Purdue Univ, Dept Biochem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Akiyama, Takuya; Ralph, John] ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Enzyme Inst, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Chapple, C (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Biochem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM chapple@purdue.edu RI Ye, Mingli/G-4909-2012; Weng, Jing-Ke/E-7343-2013; Weng, Jing-Ke/A-6900-2015 OI Weng, Jing-Ke/0000-0003-1079-3668; Weng, Jing-Ke/0000-0003-3059-0075 FU National Science Foundation [IOB-0450289]; Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science [DE-AI02-06ER64299]; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science) [BER DE-FC02-07ER64494]; Life Sciences Research Foundation FX This work is funded by the National Science Foundation (Grant IOB-0450289). Partial funding to J.R. was via the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science (Grant DE-AI02-06ER64299) and the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science BER DE-FC02-07ER64494). N.D.B. is supported by a fellowship from the Life Sciences Research Foundation. We thank J.A. Banks for providing Selaginella moellendorffii plant materials. NR 42 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 6 U2 30 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD APR PY 2010 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1033 EP 1045 DI 10.1105/tpc.109.073528 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 606HZ UT WOS:000278414900008 PM 20371642 ER PT J AU Zhao, N Guan, J Ferrer, JL Engle, N Chern, M Ronald, P Tschaplinski, TJ Chen, F AF Zhao, Nan Guan, Ju Ferrer, Jean-Luc Engle, Nancy Chern, Mawsheng Ronald, Pamela Tschaplinski, Timothy J. Chen, Feng TI Biosynthesis and emission of insect-induced methyl salicylate and methyl benzoate from rice SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Methyl salicylate; Methyl benzoate; Insect herbivory; Rice; Methyltransferase; OsBSMT1; SABATH family ID ACID CARBOXYL METHYLTRANSFERASE; SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; FLORAL SCENT PRODUCTION; ADENOSYL-L-METHIONINE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; JASMONIC ACID; INDOLE-3-ACETIC-ACID METHYLTRANSFERASE; STEPHANOTIS-FLORIBUNDA; PATHOGEN RESISTANCE; SNAPDRAGON FLOWERS AB Two benzenoid esters, methyl salicylate (MeSA) and methyl benzoate (MeBA), were detected from insect-damaged rice plants. By correlating metabolite production with gene expression analysis, five candidate genes encoding putative carboxyl methyltransferases were identified. Enzymatic assays with Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant proteins demonstrated that only one of the five candidates, OsBSMT1, has salicylic acid (SA) methyltransferase (SAMT) and benzoic acid (BA) methyltransferase (BAMT) activities for producing MeSA and MeBA, respectively. Whereas OsBSMT1 is phylogenetically relatively distant from dicot SAMTs, the three-dimensional structure of OsBSMT1, which was determined using homology-based structural modeling, is highly similar to those of characterized SAMTs. Analyses of OsBSMT1 expression in wild-type rice plants under various stress conditions indicate that the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway plays a critical role in regulating the production and emission of MeSA in rice. Further analysis using transgenic rice plants overexpressing NH1, a key component of the SA signaling pathway in rice, suggests that the SA signaling pathway also plays an important role in governing OsBSMT1 expression and emission of its products, probably through a crosstalk with the JA signaling pathway. The role of the volatile products of OsBSMT1, MeSA and MeBA, in rice defense against insect herbivory is discussed. (c) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Nan; Guan, Ju; Chen, Feng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ferrer, Jean-Luc] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom, Inst Biol Struct, F-38027 Grenoble 1, France. [Engle, Nancy; Tschaplinski, Timothy J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chern, Mawsheng; Ronald, Pamela] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Chen, F (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, 252 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg,2431 Joe Johnson Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM fengc@utk.edu OI Tschaplinski, Timothy/0000-0002-9540-6622; Engle, Nancy/0000-0003-0290-7987 FU University of Tennessee; "Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique"; "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique"; Joseph Fourier University; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research; Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-000R22725] FX This work was supported in part by a research start-up fund from the University of Tennessee (to F.C.), by the "Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique", the "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique" and the Joseph Fourier University (to J.-L.F.). N.E. and T.J.T. were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-000R22725. NR 48 TC 28 Z9 35 U1 8 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD APR PY 2010 VL 48 IS 4 BP 279 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.01.023 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 585CZ UT WOS:000276803200010 PM 20199866 ER PT J AU Kolesnikov, RA Wang, WX Hinton, FL Rewoldt, G Tang, WM AF Kolesnikov, R. A. Wang, W. X. Hinton, F. L. Rewoldt, G. Tang, W. M. TI Drift-kinetic studies of neoclassical poloidal rotation with finite orbits SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID BOOTSTRAP CURRENT; TRANSPORT AB A significant discrepancy of poloidal velocity from conventional theoretical predictions is found in global neoclassical drift-kinetic simulations of magnetic confinement fusion devices. The difference is identified as being due to the presence of large ion orbits. In the case of a large aspect ratio tokamak configuration with steep toroidal flow profiles, a novel heuristic model which estimates this nonlocal effect is presented and shown to be in good agreement with simulation results. The dominant nonlocal mechanisms captured by the model are associated with ion parallel flow modification due to the steep toroidal flow and radial electric field profiles. We compare simulation results with theoretical estimates based on the new model using profiles relevant for the National Spherical Torus Experiment. The carbon poloidal velocity observed in the simulation is in good agreement with the neoclassical theory modified by the newly identified nonlocal effects. C1 [Kolesnikov, R. A.; Wang, W. X.; Rewoldt, G.; Tang, W. M.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Hinton, F. L.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Kolesnikov, RA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. FU US DOE [DE-AC02-09CH11466] FX This work was supported by US DOE contract No. DE-AC02-09CH11466. The authors would like to thank R E Bell and S M Kaye for useful discussions. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD APR PY 2010 VL 52 IS 4 AR 042002 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/52/4/042002 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 571JP UT WOS:000275748400002 ER PT J AU Logan, NC Strait, EJ Reimerdes, H AF Logan, N. C. Strait, E. J. Reimerdes, H. TI Measurement of the electromagnetic torque in rotating DIII-D plasmas SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; TOKAMAKS; LOCKING AB The electromagnetic torque due to either static or rotating magnetic perturbations, or both, on a rotating DIII-D plasma is studied by deriving an estimate of the torque from measurements of various components of the magnetic perturbation at the wall. This approach is based on the Maxwell stress tensor formalism (Hutchinson 2001 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 43 145). For the locking of large tearing modes, this measurement of the electromagnetic torque at the time of the locking is consistent with the equation of motion. Measurements and modeling show that for mode rotation frequencies above a few hundred hertz the momentum transfer between magnetic perturbations and the graphite tiles is no longer negligible, revealing the necessity for a new two-wall model of the tokamak. The shielding effect of the tiles on magnetic field measurements is calculated, and shown to be consistent with unrealistically small torques measured during high frequency modes. The electromagnetic torque proves to be an important factor in determining plasma rotation at a wide range of mode frequencies from zero to the kilohertz range. It can be comparable to other sources of torque, such as tangential neutral beam injection for heating. C1 [Logan, N. C.] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Strait, E. J.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Reimerdes, H.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Logan, NC (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM strait@fusion.gat.com FU US Department of Energy [DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-FG02-8953297] FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy under a National Undergraduate Fusion Fellowship and under DE-FC02-04ER54698 and DE-FG02-8953297. The authors are grateful to R J La Haye for the helpful discussions. NCL wishes to thank Ian Dell'Antonio (Brown University) for his guidance and advice throughout this period of research. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD APR PY 2010 VL 52 IS 4 AR 045013 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/52/4/045013 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 571JP UT WOS:000275748400015 ER PT J AU Van Zeeland, MA Yu, JH Brooks, NH Heidbrink, WW Burrell, KH Groebner, RJ Hyatt, AW Luce, TC Pablant, N Solomon, WM Wade, MR AF Van Zeeland, M. A. Yu, J. H. Brooks, N. H. Heidbrink, W. W. Burrell, K. H. Groebner, R. J. Hyatt, A. W. Luce, T. C. Pablant, N. Solomon, W. M. Wade, M. R. TI Active and passive spectroscopic imaging in the DIII-D tokamak SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE RECOMBINATION SPECTROSCOPY; BEAM EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; Z(EFF); PLASMA; PROFILES AB Wide-angle, 2D imaging of Doppler-shifted, Balmer alpha (D alpha) emission from high energy injected neutrals, charge exchange recombination (CER) emission from neutral beam interaction with thermal ions and fully stripped impurity ions and visible bremsstrahlung (VB) from the core of DIII-D plasmas has been carried out. Narrowband interference filters were used to isolate the specific wavelength ranges of visible radiation for detection by a tangentially viewing, fast-framing camera. Measurements of the Da emission from fast neutrals injected into the plasma from the low field side reveal the vertical distribution of the beam, its divergence and the variation in its radial penetration with density. Modeling of this emission using both a full Monte Carlo collisional radiative code as well as a simple beam attenuation code coupled to Atomic Data and Analysis Structure emissivity lookup tables yields qualitative agreement, however the absolute magnitudes of the emissivities in the predicted distribution are larger than those measured. Active measurements of carbon CER brightness are in agreement with those made independently along the beam midplane using DIII-D's multichordal, CER spectrometer system, confirming the potential of this technique for obtaining 2D profiles of impurity density. Passive imaging of VB, which can be inverted to obtain local emissivity profiles, is compared with measurements from both a calibrated filter/photomultiplier array and the standard multichordal CER spectrometer system. C1 [Van Zeeland, M. A.; Brooks, N. H.; Burrell, K. H.; Groebner, R. J.; Hyatt, A. W.; Luce, T. C.; Wade, M. R.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Yu, J. H.; Pablant, N.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Heidbrink, W. W.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Solomon, W. M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Van Zeeland, MA (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM vanzeeland@fusion.gat.com OI Solomon, Wayne/0000-0002-0902-9876 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-FG02-07ER54917, SC-G903402, DE-AC02-09CH11466] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-FG02-07ER54917, SC-G903402 and DE-AC02-09CH11466. The authors would like to thank the DIII-D team for providing the plasmas and specially acknowledge Dr Martin O'Mullane's help with the ADAS database analysis and Dr Brian Grierson's careful analysis of the FIDA simulation code. Effective beam emissivities, stopping cross sections and charge exchange cross sections in the FIDA simulation code were obtained from the Atomic Data and Analysis Structure (ADAS) compilation. The originating developer of ADAS is the JET Joint Undertaking. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD APR PY 2010 VL 52 IS 4 AR 045006 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/52/4/045006 PG 22 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 571JP UT WOS:000275748400008 ER PT J AU White, RB Gorelenkov, N Heidbrink, WW Van Zeeland, MA AF White, R. B. Gorelenkov, N. Heidbrink, W. W. Van Zeeland, M. A. TI Particle distribution modification by low amplitude modes SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID BEAM-ION LOSS; ALFVEN EIGENMODE; ASDEX UPGRADE; TRANSPORT; SIMULATIONS; TOKAMAKS; LOSSES; JET AB Modification of a high energy particle distribution by a spectrum of low amplitude modes is investigated using a guiding center code. Only through resonance are modes effective in modifying the distribution. Diagnostics are used to illustrate the mode-particle interaction and to find which effects are relevant in producing significant resonance, including kinetic Poincare plots and plots showing those orbits with time averaged mode-particle energy transfer. Effects of pitch angle scattering and drag are studied, as well as plasma rotation and time dependence of the equilibrium and mode frequencies. A specific example of changes observed in a DIII-D deuterium beam distribution in the presence of low amplitude experimentally validated Toroidal Alfven eigenmodes and reversed shear Alfven eigenmodes is examined in detail. Comparison with experimental data shows that multiple low amplitude modes can account for significant modification of high energy beam particle distributions. It is found that there is a stochastic threshold for beam profile modification, and that the experimental amplitudes are only slightly above this threshold. C1 [White, R. B.; Gorelenkov, N.] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Heidbrink, W. W.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Van Zeeland, M. A.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP White, RB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013 OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-09CH11466, SC-6903402, DE-FC02-04ER54698] FX This work was partially supported by the US Department of Energy Grants DE-AC02-09CH11466, SC-6903402 and DE-FC02-04ER54698. The authors acknowledge useful discussions with Y Kolesnichenko, Y Yakovenko and R E Waltz. NR 38 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD APR PY 2010 VL 52 IS 4 AR 045012 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/52/4/045012 PG 23 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 571JP UT WOS:000275748400014 ER PT J AU Arnoult, N Schluth-Bolard, C Letessier, A Drascovic, I Bouarich-Bourimi, R Campisi, J Kim, SH Boussouar, A Ottaviani, A Magdinier, F Gilson, E Londono-Vallejo, A AF Arnoult, Nausica Schluth-Bolard, Caroline Letessier, Anne Drascovic, Irena Bouarich-Bourimi, Rachida Campisi, Judith Kim, Sahn-ho Boussouar, Amina Ottaviani, Alexandre Magdinier, Frederique Gilson, Eric Londono-Vallejo, Arturo TI Replication Timing of Human Telomeres Is Chromosome Arm-Specific, Influenced by Subtelomeric Structures and Connected to Nuclear Localization SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELLS; DYSKERATOSIS-CONGENITA; DNA-REPLICATION; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; HUMAN GENOME; S-PHASE; YEAST; LENGTH; DISEASE; COMPONENT AB The mechanisms governing telomere replication in humans are still poorly understood. To fill this gap, we investigated the timing of replication of single telomeres in human cells. Using in situ hybridization techniques, we have found that specific telomeres have preferential time windows for replication during the S-phase and that these intervals do not depend upon telomere length and are largely conserved between homologous chromosomes and between individuals, even in the presence of large subtelomeric segmental polymorphisms. Importantly, we show that one copy of the 3.3 kb macrosatellite repeat D4Z4, present in the subtelomeric region of the late replicating 4q35 telomere, is sufficient to confer both a more peripheral localization and a later-replicating property to a de novo formed telomere. Also, the presence of b-satellite repeats next to a newly created telomere is sufficient to delay its replication timing. Remarkably, several native, non-D4Z4-associated, late-replicating telomeres show a preferential localization toward the nuclear periphery, while several early replicating telomeres are associated with the inner nuclear volume. We propose that, in humans, chromosome arm-specific subtelomeric sequences may influence both the spatial distribution of telomeres in the nucleus and their replication timing. C1 [Arnoult, Nausica; Drascovic, Irena; Bouarich-Bourimi, Rachida; Londono-Vallejo, Arturo] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Inst Curie, Telomeres & Canc Lab, Paris, France. [Schluth-Bolard, Caroline; Boussouar, Amina; Ottaviani, Alexandre; Magdinier, Frederique; Gilson, Eric] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, CNRS ENS UCBL IFR128, F-69364 Lyon, France. [Letessier, Anne] Univ Paris 06, Inst Curie, Funct Org & Plast Mammalian Genomes, Paris, France. [Campisi, Judith; Kim, Sahn-ho] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Campisi, Judith] Buck Inst Age Res, Novato, CA USA. RP Arnoult, N (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Inst Curie, Telomeres & Canc Lab, Paris, France. EM Arturo.Londono@curie.fr RI Magdinier, Frederique/I-4735-2016; OI Magdinier, Frederique/0000-0002-0159-9559; Arnoult, Nausica/0000-0003-2633-0270 FU ANR [NT05-4_41705]; ARC; Institut Curie; Association Francaise contre les myopathies; FSHD global association; MENRST; AFM FX This work was supported by the ANR (grant NT05-4_41705 to AL-V), ARC (to AL-V and EG), the PIC program (Institut Curie to AL-V), the Association Francaise contre les myopathies (to FM), and the FSHD global association (to FM). NA is the recipient of a PhD fellowship from MENRST and ARC. AB is the recipient of a fellowship from AFM. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 77 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD APR PY 2010 VL 6 IS 4 AR e1000920 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000920 PG 15 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 592CY UT WOS:000277354200037 PM 20421929 ER PT J AU Jespersen, ST Baudry, F Wakeman, MD Michaud, V Blanchard, P Norris, R Manson, JA AF Jespersen, S. T. Baudry, F. Wakeman, M. D. Michaud, V. Blanchard, P. Norris, R. Manson, J-A. E. TI Consolidation of Net-shape Random Fiber Thermoplastic Composite Preforms SO POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID MICROMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES; COMMINGLED YARNS; GLASS AB A novel thermoplastic composite preforming process has been developed. This thermoplastic programmable powdered preforming process (TP-P4) uses commingled glass and polypropylene yarns, which are chopped to a desired length and deposited onto a vacuum screen. The as-placed fibers are then heat-set for improved handling, before potential preconsolidation, and final conversion with preheating and press forming. This work investigated the effect of using either a double belt lamination preconsolidation stage or using an improved heat-setting stage. Polymer degradation was examined using gel permeation chromatography analysis, and the void content evolution tracked using image analysis techniques from the heat setting stage until the final part. It was shown that without preconsolidation, preforms prepared for a 2 mm thick final pressed part could be compression molded into a substantially void free, non degraded part. By using the lamination route, this limit could be increased to 4 mm, but without allowing local thickness changes in the preform. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:653-665, 2010. (C) 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers C1 [Jespersen, S. T.; Baudry, F.; Wakeman, M. D.; Michaud, V.; Manson, J-A. E.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Technol Composites & Polymeres LTC, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Blanchard, P.] Ford Motor Co, Ford Res & Innovat Ctr, Dearborn, MI 48124 USA. [Norris, R.] US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Manson, JA (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Technol Composites & Polymeres LTC, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM jan-anders.manson@epfl.ch RI Michaud, Veronique/A-6390-2009; Norris, Robert/E-5670-2017; OI Michaud, Veronique/0000-0001-5699-740X; Wakeman, Martyn/0000-0003-2590-6143 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 17 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0272-8397 J9 POLYM COMPOSITE JI Polym. Compos. PD APR PY 2010 VL 31 IS 4 BP 653 EP 665 DI 10.1002/pc.20844 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 571XZ UT WOS:000275791000013 ER PT J AU Billman, L AF Billman, Lynn TI Wind Destroyed and Now Powers Greensburg, Kansas SO POWER LA English DT Article AB Greensburg was destroyed by an EF5 tornado on May 4, 2007. Instead of abandoning the Kansas town, the community quickly embraced the task of rebuilding it from the ground up, maximizing the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficient building techniques. Rebuilding continues, but the future of Greensburg has never been stronger. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Billman, L (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM lynn.billman@nrel.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU TRADEFAIR GROUP PI HOUSTON PA 11000 RICHMOND, STE 500, HOUSTON, TX 77042 USA SN 0032-5929 J9 POWER JI Power PD APR PY 2010 VL 154 IS 4 BP 24 EP + PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 581XS UT WOS:000276559700010 ER PT J AU Bono, MJ Seugling, RM Kroll, JJ Nederbragt, WW AF Bono, Matthew J. Seugling, Richard M. Kroll, Jeremy J. Nederbragt, Walter W. TI An uncertainty analysis of tool setting methods for a precision lathe with a B-axis rotary table SO PRECISION ENGINEERING-JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETIES FOR PRECISION ENGINEERING AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tool setting; Uncertainty; Precision lathe; Rotary table; B-axis; Diamond turning ID CUTTING-TOOL AB This study develops a method for calculating the precision with which a cutting tool can be set along the axis of rotation of a B-axis rotary table on a lathe. The uncertainty with which the tool can be set on the rotary table is calculated from knowledge of the machine tool, the probing system, and the effects of the environment. Three common tool-setting techniques are analyzed as examples. The techniques analyzed are a touch probe tool set station, a technique that machines grooves in the face of a workpiece and then measures the relative depths of the grooves, and an optical tool set station that uses a video camera looking down onto the rake face of the cutting tool. Experiments using these three example techniques reveal the precision with which a tool can be set. For each technique, the predicted tool setting uncertainties agree with the experimentally determined values. Therefore, this method can estimate how well a tool can be set along the axis of rotation of a B-axis rotary table for a particular application, without the need for extensive tool setting experiments. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bono, Matthew J.; Seugling, Richard M.; Kroll, Jeremy J.; Nederbragt, Walter W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bono, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bono1@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was made possible by the skill and experience of several diamond turning experts. Background knowledge on tool setting methods was provided by Don Bennett, Carlos Castro, Jack Reynolds, Jim Hamilton, and John Taylor. Paul Van Horn helped with many of the experiments. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-6359 J9 PRECIS ENG JI Precis. Eng.-J. Int. Soc. Precis. Eng. Nanotechnol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 34 IS 2 BP 242 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2009.06.003 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Manufacturing; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 571TE UT WOS:000275777900004 ER PT J AU Mills, GB AF Mills, Geoffrey B. TI Short baseline neutrino physics: MiniBooNE and beyond SO PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID OSCILLATIONS; SEARCH AB The MiniBooNE experiment, a short baseline neutrino oscillation experiment currently running at Fermi lab, has observed an unexplained excess of nu(e)-like events at energies between 200 MeV and 475 MeV. Those results and the results of the LSND excess events in (nu) over bar (e) are compared to a non-standard oscillation pattern that involves three active and two sterile neutrinos. Some future possibilities for short future baseline programs are also discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mills, GB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mills@lanl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0146-6410 EI 1873-2224 J9 PROG PART NUCL PHYS JI Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. PD APR PY 2010 VL 64 IS 2 BP 190 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.ppnp.2009.12.007 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 671PN UT WOS:000283519100007 ER PT J AU Avignone, FT AF Avignone, F. T., III TI The Majorana Ge-76 double-beta decay project SO PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE Neutrino properties; Neutrino mass AB The MAJORANA Project is a research and development activity set up to establish the feasibility and cost of a double-beta decay experiment comprising a one-ton array of Ge detectors fabricated from germanium enriched to about 86% in Ge-76. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Avignone, F. T., III] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Avignone, F. T., III] Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Avignone, FT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM avignone@sc.edu NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0146-6410 EI 1873-2224 J9 PROG PART NUCL PHYS JI Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. PD APR PY 2010 VL 64 IS 2 BP 258 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.ppnp.2009.12.022 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 671PN UT WOS:000283519100023 ER PT J AU Steiner, H AF Steiner, Herbert CA Daya Bay Collaboration TI The Daya Bay Experiment to measure Theta(13) SO PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Neutrinos; Neutrino mixing AB I present here a brief description of the goals, method and status of the Daya Bay antineutrino oscillation experiment to measure the mixing angle Theta(13). (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Steiner, Herbert; Daya Bay Collaboration] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Steiner, H (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hmsteiner@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0146-6410 J9 PROG PART NUCL PHYS JI Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. PD APR PY 2010 VL 64 IS 2 BP 342 EP 345 DI 10.1016/j.ppnp.2009.12.044 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 671PN UT WOS:000283519100045 ER PT J AU Olea, C Herzik, MA Kuriyan, J Marletta, MA AF Olea, Charles, Jr. Herzik, Mark A., Jr. Kuriyan, John Marletta, Michael A. TI Structural insights into the molecular mechanism of H-NOX activation SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nitric oxide activation; signal transduction; crystallography; Heme-Nitric oxide/Oxygen-binding proteins ID SOLUBLE GUANYLATE-CYCLASE; NITRIC-OXIDE; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS; RESOLUTION STRUCTURES; NONPLANAR PORPHYRINS; HISTIDINE KINASE; HEME DISTORTION; LIGAND; NITROPHORIN-4; COMPLEXES AB Nitric oxide (NO) signaling in mammals controls important processes such as smooth muscle relaxation and neurotransmission by the activation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). NO binding to the heme domain of sGC leads to dissociation of the iron-histidine (Fe-His) bond, which is required for enzyme activity. The heme domain of sGC belongs to a larger class of proteins called H-NOX (Heme-Nitric oxide/OXygen) binding domains. Previous crystallographic studies on H-NOX domains demonstrate a correlation between heme bending and protein conformation. It was unclear, however, whether these structural changes were important for signal transduction. Subsequent NMR solution structures of H-NOX proteins show a conformational change upon disconnection of the heme and proximal helix, similar to those observed in the crystallographic studies. The atomic details of these conformational changes, however, are lacking in the NMR structures especially at the heme pocket. Here, a high-resolution crystal structure of an H-NOX mutant mimicking a broken Fe-His bond is reported. This mutant exhibits specific changes in heme conformation and major N-terminal displacements relative to the wild-type H-NOX protein. Fe-His ligation is ubiquitous in all H-NOX domains, and therefore, the heme and protein conformational changes observed in this study are likely to occur throughout the H-NOX family when NO binding leads to rupture of the Fe-His bond. C1 [Marletta, Michael A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Inst QB3, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Olea, Charles, Jr.; Herzik, Mark A., Jr.; Kuriyan, John; Marletta, Michael A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Calif Inst Quantitat Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kuriyan, John; Marletta, Michael A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kuriyan, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kuriyan, John; Marletta, Michael A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Marletta, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Inst QB3, 570 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM marletta@berkeley.edu FU National Institutes of Health [GM070671] FX Grant sponsor: National Institutes of Health; Grant number: GM070671 NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 19 IS 4 BP 881 EP 887 DI 10.1002/pro.357 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 578DY UT WOS:000276274900023 PM 20162612 ER PT J AU Rhodes, J Leauthaud, A Stoughton, C Massey, R Dawson, K Kolbe, W Roe, N AF Rhodes, Jason Leauthaud, Alexie Stoughton, Chris Massey, Richard Dawson, Kyle Kolbe, William Roe, Natalie TI The Effects of Charge Transfer Inefficiency (CTI) on Galaxy Shape Measurements SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; P-CHANNEL CCDS; TRANSFER EFFICIENCY; ADVANCED CAMERA; COSMIC SHEAR; WEAK; PERFORMANCE; ENERGY; DAMAGE AB We examine the effects of charge transfer inefficiency (CTI) during CCD readout on the demanding galaxy shape measurements required by studies of weak gravitational lensing. We simulate a CCD readout with CTI such as that caused by charged particle radiation damage in space-based detectors. We verify our simulations on real data from fully depleted p-channel CCDs that have been deliberately irradiated in a laboratory. We show that only charge traps with time constants of the same order as the time between rowtransfers during readout affect galaxy shape measurements. We simulate deep astronomical images and the process of CCD readout, characterizing the effects of CTI on various galaxy populations. Our code and methods are general and can be applied to any CCDs, once the density and characteristic release times of their charge trap species are known. We baseline our study around p-channel CCDs that have been shown to have charge transfer efficiency up to an order of magnitude better than several models of n-channel CCDs designed for space applications. We predict that for galaxies furthest from the readout registers, bias in the measurement of galaxy shapes, Delta e, will increase at a rate of (2.65 +/- 0.02) x 10(-4) yr(-1) at L2 for accumulated radiation exposure averaged over the solar cycle. If uncorrected, this will consume the entire shape measurement error budget of a dark energy mission surveying the entire extragalactic sky within about 4 yr of accumulated radiation damage. However, software mitigation techniques demonstrated elsewhere can reduce this by a factor of similar to 10, bringing the effect well below mission requirements. This conclusion is valid only for the p-channel CCDs we have modeled; CCDs with higher CTI will fare worse and may not meet the requirements of future dark energy missions. We also discuss additional ways in which hardware could be designed to further minimize the impact of CTI. C1 [Rhodes, Jason] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Rhodes, Jason] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Leauthaud, Alexie; Kolbe, William; Roe, Natalie] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Leauthaud, Alexie] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stoughton, Chris] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Massey, Richard] Royal Observ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Dawson, Kyle] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Rhodes, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jason.d.rhodes@jpl.nasa.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; STFC [PP/E006450/1]; FP7 [MIRG-CT-208994]; Office of Science at LBNL; Fermilab FX This work was supported in part by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, operated by the California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. This work was also supported by the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. We thank Chris Bebek, Mike Lampton, Michael Levi, and Roger Smith for useful discussions about CCDs and CTE. A. L. acknowledges support from the Chamberlain Fellowship at LBNL and from the Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics. R. M. is supported by STFC Advanced Fellowship PP/E006450/1 and FP7 grant MIRG-CT-208994. C. S. was supported by funding from the Office of Science at LBNL and Fermilab. NR 45 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD APR PY 2010 VL 122 IS 890 BP 439 EP 450 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 573AO UT WOS:000275881000005 ER PT J AU Scherler, D Bookhagen, B Strecker, MR von Blanckenburg, F Rood, D AF Scherler, Dirk Bookhagen, Bodo Strecker, Manfred R. von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm Rood, Dylan TI Timing and extent of late Quaternary glaciation in the western Himalaya constrained by Be-10 moraine dating in Garhwal, India SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID HOLOCENE GLACIER FLUCTUATIONS; EQUILIBRIUM-LINE ALTITUDES; ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE; EURASIAN SNOW COVER; MASS-BALANCE; HIGH-RESOLUTION; ASIAN MONSOON; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGES; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; SATELLITE IMAGERY AB Glacial chronologies from the Himalayan region indicate various degrees of asynchronous glacial behavior Part of this has been related to different sensitivities of glaciers situated in contrasting climatic compartments of the orogen, but so far field data in support for this hypothesis is lacking. Here, we present a new Be-10-derived glacial chronology for the upper Tons valley in western Garhwal, India, and initial results for the Pin and Thangi valleys in eastern Himachal Pradesh. These areas cover a steep gradient in orographic precipitation and allow testing for different climatic sensitivities. Our data provide a record of five glacial episodes at similar to 16 ka. similar to 11-12 ka. similar to 8-9 ka. similar to 5 ka, and <1 ka. In the Thangi our results indicate a glacial episode at 19 ka, but no data are available for younger glacial deposits in this valley At their largest mapped extent ( 16 ka), the two main glaciers in the upper Tons valley joined and descended down to similar to 2500 m asl, which represents a drop of similar to 1400 m compared to the present-day glacial extent. During the Holocene the two largest glaciers produced distinct glacial landforms that allowed us to reconstruct changes in the Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) over similar to 20 km north-south distance that is presently associated with a steep gradient in rainfall We observe that ELA-changes have been consistently similar to 2 times higher for the glacier located in a presently wetter climate, pointing at different climate sensitivities, related to the amount of precipitation that they receive. At regional scale. our data is in reasonable agreement with other published glacial chronologies from the western Himalaya and suggest that glacial advances during the Holocene have been largely synchronous in this region Comparison of glacial chronologies from the western Himalaya with other palaeoclimatic proxy data suggests that long-term changes in glacial extents are controlled by glacial-interglacial temperature oscillations related to the waxing and waning of the large northern-hemisphere ice sheets, while the timing of millennial-scale advance-and-retreat cycles are more directly related to monsoon strength (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved C1 [Scherler, Dirk; Strecker, Manfred R.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Geowissensch, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Bookhagen, Bodo] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Mineral, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Rood, Dylan] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Scherler, D (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Inst Geowissensch, Karl Liebknecht Str 24, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. RI Bookhagen, Bodo/A-1389-2012; von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm/K-4711-2013; Scherler, Dirk/G-2066-2016 OI Bookhagen, Bodo/0000-0003-1323-6453; von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm/0000-0002-2964-717X; Scherler, Dirk/0000-0003-3911-2803 FU German Science Foundation (DFG, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) [GRK1364] FX This research was funded by a scholarship to D.S. within the graduate school GRK1364 funded by the German Science Foundation (DFG, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). We are grateful for invaluable help from Tashi Tsering during fieldwork and field assistance by Alexander Rohrmann and the people from Osla and Sankri villages in the upper Tons valley. We thank L. Owen and an anonymous reviewer for their comments. SPOT images were kindly provided by the EU financed O.A.S.I.S. program. NR 100 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD APR PY 2010 VL 29 IS 7-8 BP 815 EP 831 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.11.031 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 584JY UT WOS:000276749200001 ER PT J AU Perdian, DC Cha, S Oh, J Sakaguchi, DS Yeung, ES Lee, YJ AF Perdian, D. C. Cha, Sangwon Oh, Jisun Sakaguchi, Donald S. Yeung, Edward S. Lee, Young Jin TI In situ probing of cholesterol in astrocytes at the single-cell level using laser desorption ionization mass spectrometric imaging with colloidal silver SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ABLATION ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; ENZYMATIC DETERMINATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SMALL MOLECULES; BRAIN-TISSUE; LIPID RAFTS; MALDI-MS; MEMBRANES AB Mass spectrometric imaging has been utilized to localize individual astrocytes and to obtain cholesterol populations at the single-cell level in laser desorption ionization (LDI) with colloidal silver. The silver ion adduct of membrane-bound cholesterol was monitored to detect individual cells. Good correlation between mass spectrometric and optical images at different cell densities indicates the ability to perform single-cell studies of cholesterol abundance. The feasibility of quantification is confirmed by the agreement between the LDI-MS ion signals and the results from a traditional enzymatic fluorometric assay. We propose that this approach could be an effective tool to study chemical populations at the cellular level. Published in (C) 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Perdian, D. C.; Cha, Sangwon; Yeung, Edward S.; Lee, Young Jin] Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Perdian, D. C.; Cha, Sangwon; Yeung, Edward S.; Lee, Young Jin] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Oh, Jisun; Sakaguchi, Donald S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lee, YJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM yjlee@iastate.edu RI Cha, Sangwon/C-6917-2008; Lee, Young Jin/F-2317-2011 OI Cha, Sangwon/0000-0003-2819-3417; Lee, Young Jin/0000-0002-2533-5371 FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences; DOE [DE-AC02-07CI-111358] FX We thank Ksenija Jeftinija and Srdija Jeftinija for help with the astrocyte samples in our initial work. This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences. The Ames Laboratory is operated by Iowa State University of Science and Technology under DOE Contract #DE-AC02-07CI-111358. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1147 EP 1154 DI 10.1002/rcm.4491 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 584TJ UT WOS:000276775700005 PM 20301106 ER PT J AU Smith, C Kelly, D Dezfuli, H AF Smith, Curtis Kelly, Dana Dezfuli, Homayoon TI Probability-informed testing for reliability assurance through Bayesian hypothesis methods SO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian inference; Reliability; Hypothesis testing; System analysis; Cost; MCMC; Probability level AB Bayesian inference techniques play a central role in modern risk and reliability evaluations of complex engineering systems. These techniques allow the system performance data and any relevant associated information to be used collectively to calculate the probabilities of various types of hypotheses that are formulated as part of reliability assurance activities. This paper proposes a methodology based on Bayesian hypothesis testing to determine the number of tests that would be required to demonstrate that a system-level reliability target is met with a specified probability level. Recognizing that full-scale testing of a complex system is often not practical, testing schemes are developed at the subsystem level to achieve the overall system reliability target. The approach uses network modeling techniques to transform the topology of the system into logic structures consisting of series and parallel subsystems. The paper addresses the consideration of cost in devising subsystem level test schemes. The developed techniques are demonstrated using several examples. All analyses are carried out using the Bayesian analysis tool WinBUGS, which uses Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation methods to carry out inference over the network. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Smith, Curtis; Kelly, Dana] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Dezfuli, Homayoon] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Smith, C (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Curtis.Smith@inl.gov FU Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC (BEA) [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX This paper has been authorized by Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC (BEA) under Contract no. DE-AC07-05ID14517 with the US Department of Energy. The Government and BEA make no express or implied warranty as to the conditions of the research or any intellectual property, generated information, or product made or developed under this technical assistance project, or the ownership, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose of the research or resulting product; that the goods, services, materials, products, processes, information, or data to be furnished hereunder will accomplish intended results or are safe for any purpose including the intended purpose; or that any of the above will not interfere with privately owned rights of others. Neither the Government nor BEA shall be liable for special, consequential, nor incidental damages attributed to such research or resulting product, intellectual property, generated information, or product made or delivered under this technical assistance project. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8320 J9 RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE JI Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. PD APR PY 2010 VL 95 IS 4 BP 361 EP 368 DI 10.1016/j.ress.2009.11.006 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 571UK UT WOS:000275781100006 ER PT J AU Feng, YJ Jaramillo, R Wang, JY Ren, Y Rosenbaum, TF AF Feng, Yejun Jaramillo, R. Wang, Jiyang Ren, Yang Rosenbaum, T. F. TI Invited Article: High-pressure techniques for condensed matter physics at low temperature SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article DE fluorescence; helium; high-pressure effects; organic compounds; ruby; spectral line shift; X-ray diffraction ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; FLUORESCENCE LINE; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; 100 KBAR; RUBY; STRESS; CALIBRATION; CHROMIUM; SILVER AB Condensed matter experiments at high pressure accentuate the need for accurate pressure scales over a broad range of temperatures, as well as placing a premium on a homogeneous pressure environment. However, challenges remain in diamond anvil cell technology, including both the quality of various pressure transmitting media and the accuracy of secondary pressure scales at low temperature. We directly calibrate the ruby fluorescence R1 line shift with pressure at T=4.5 K using high-resolution x-ray powder diffraction measurements of the silver lattice constant and its known equation of state up to P=16 GPa. Our results reveal a ruby pressure scale at low temperatures that differs by 6% from the best available ruby scale at room T. We also use ruby fluorescence to characterize the pressure inhomogeneity and anisotropy in two representative and commonly used pressure media, helium and methanol:ethanol 4:1, under the same preparation conditions for pressures up to 20 GPa at T=5 K. Contrary to the accepted wisdom, both media show equal levels of pressure inhomogeneity measured over the same area, with a consistent Delta P/P per unit area of +/- 1.8 %/(10(4) mu m(2)) from 0 to 20 GPa. The helium medium shows an essentially constant deviatoric stress of 0.021 +/- 0.011 GPa up to 16 GPa, while the methanol:ethanol mixture shows a similar level of anisotropy up to 10 GPa, above which the anisotropy increases. The quality of both pressure media is further examined under the more stringent requirements of single crystal x-ray diffraction at cryogenic temperature. For such experiments we conclude that the ratio of sample-to-pressure chamber volume is a critical parameter in maintaining sample quality at high pressure, and may affect the choice of pressure medium. C1 [Feng, Yejun; Ren, Yang] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Feng, Yejun; Wang, Jiyang; Rosenbaum, T. F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Feng, Yejun; Wang, Jiyang; Rosenbaum, T. F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Jaramillo, R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Feng, YJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Feng, Yejun/A-5417-2009; OI Feng, Yejun/0000-0003-3667-056X; , /0000-0003-3116-6719 FU National Science Foundation-Earth Sciences [EAR-0622171]; U.S. Department of Energy-Geosciences [DE-FG02-94ER14466]; National Science Foundation-Division of Materials Research [DMR-0907025]; U.S. DOE-BES [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We acknowledge discussions and technical help from V. Prakapenka and P. Dera, and the use of the helium loading facility at GeoSoilEnviroCARS (Sector 13), Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. We are also grateful to I. Steele for the ion microprobe characterization of the Alfa Aesar ruby specimen, and D. Heinz for discussion of the Birch equations. In addition, we thank the staff of Sector 4 at the Advanced Photon Source, specifically J. Lang and Z. Islam for their help with x-ray diffraction, and D. Haskel and N. Souza-Neto for their help with the ruby spectrometer. GSE-CARS was supported by the National Science Foundation-Earth Sciences (Grant No. EAR-0622171) and U. S. Department of Energy-Geosciences (Grant No. DE-FG02-94ER14466). The work at the University of Chicago was supported by the National Science Foundation-Division of Materials Research (Grant No. DMR-0907025). Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U. S. DOE-BES under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 041301 DI 10.1063/1.3400212 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 590QW UT WOS:000277243100001 PM 20441318 ER PT J AU Mckee, KJ Smith, EA AF Mckee, Kristopher J. Smith, Emily A. TI Development of a scanning angle total internal reflection Raman spectrometer SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article DE optical microscopes; Raman spectroscopy ID THIN-FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORPTION; SURFACE; MICROSCOPY; SCATTERING; SPECTRA AB A scanning angle total internal reflection (SATIR) Raman spectrometer has been developed for measuring interfacial phenomena with chemical specificity and high axial resolution perpendicular to the interface. The instrument platform is an inverted optical microscope with added automated variable angle optics to control the angle of an incident laser on a prism/sample interface. These optics include two motorized translation stages, the first containing a focusing lens and the second a variable angle galvanometer mirror. The movement of all instrument components is coordinated to ensure that the same sample location and area are probed at each angle. At angles greater than the critical angle, an evanescent wave capable of producing Raman scatter is generated in the sample. The Raman scatter is collected by a microscope objective and directed to a dispersive spectrometer and charge-coupled device detector. In addition to the collected Raman scatter, light reflected from the prism/sample interface is collected to provide calibration parameters that enable modeling the distance over which the Raman scatter is collected for depth profiling measurements. The developed instrument has an incident angle range of 25.5 degrees-75.5 degrees, with a 0.05 degrees angle resolution. Raman scatter can be collected from a ZnSe/organic interface over a range of roughly 35-180 nm. Far from the critical angle, the achieved axial resolution perpendicular to the focal plane is approximately 34 nm. This is roughly a 30-fold improvement relative to confocal Raman microscopy. C1 [Mckee, Kristopher J.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Mckee, KJ (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM esmith1@iastate.edu OI Smith, Emily/0000-0001-7438-7808 FU Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 043106 DI 10.1063/1.3378682 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 590QW UT WOS:000277243100007 PM 20441324 ER PT J AU Xie, M Lee, CH Wang, JS Yap, YK Bruno, P Gruen, D Singh, D Routbort, J AF Xie, Ming Lee, Chee Huei Wang, Jiesheng Yap, Yoke Khin Bruno, Paola Gruen, Dieter Singh, Dileep Routbort, Jules TI Induction annealing and subsequent quenching: Effect on the thermoelectric properties of boron-doped nanographite ensembles SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article DE annealing; boron; doping; graphite; nanostructured materials; quenching (thermal); thermoelectric power ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GRAPHITE; FURNACE AB Boron-doped nanographite ensembles (NGEs) are interesting thermoelectric nanomaterials for high temperature applications. Rapid induction annealing and quenching has been applied to boron-doped NGEs using a relatively low-cost, highly reliable, laboratory built furnace to show that substantial improvements in thermoelectric power factors can be achieved using this methodology. Details of the design and performance of this compact induction furnace as well as results of the thermoelectric measurements will be reported here. C1 [Xie, Ming; Lee, Chee Huei; Wang, Jiesheng; Yap, Yoke Khin] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Bruno, Paola; Gruen, Dieter] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Singh, Dileep] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Routbort, Jules] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Xie, M (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM ykyap@mtu.edu; dmgruen@anl.gov RI xie, ming/A-1438-2012; bruno, paola/G-5786-2011; Lee, Chee Huei/C-3718-2014; OI Yap, Yoke Khin/0000-0002-1224-4120 FU U.S. Department of Energy, BES-Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-06ER46294]; EERE Office of Vehicle Technologies [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Argonne National Laboratory [7F-00961]; National Science Foundation [DMR 0447555] FX Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, BES-Materials Sciences and Engineering, and the EERE Office of Vehicle Technologies under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Y.K.Y. acknowledges support from the Argonne National Laboratory (Contract No. 7F-00961, Ming Xie Appointment at ANL from May 2007-May 2010), the U.S. Department of Energy, BES-Materials Sciences and Engineering (Contract No. DE-FG02-06ER46294), and the National Science Foundation (CAREER Grant No. DMR 0447555) NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 043909 DI 10.1063/1.3378681 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 590QW UT WOS:000277243100035 PM 20441352 ER PT J AU Yearley, EJ Sasa, LA Welch, CF Taylor, MA Kupcho, KM Gilbertson, RD Hjelm, RP AF Yearley, Eric J. Sasa, Leslie A. Welch, Cynthia F. Taylor, Mark A. Kupcho, Kevin M. Gilbertson, Robert D. Hjelm, Rex P. TI The Couette configuration of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center Neutron Rheometer for the investigation of polymers in the bulk via small-angle neutron scattering SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article DE liquid structure; neutron diffraction; polymer melts ID LINEAR ENTANGLED POLYMERS; FLOW VISUALIZATION; MICROSCOPIC THEORY; MOLECULAR THEORY; DYNAMICS; SHEAR; MELTS; SYSTEMS; APPARATUS; CHAIN AB A neutron rheometer in the Couette geometry has been built at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center to examine the molecular steady-state and dynamic responses of entangled polymeric materials in the bulk under the application of shear stress via small-angle neutron scattering. Although similar neutron rheometers have been fabricated elsewhere, this new design operates under the extreme conditions required for measuring the structure and behavior of high molecular weight polymer melts. Specifically, the rheometer achieves high torques (200 N m) and shear rates (865 s(-1)) simultaneously, never before attainable with other neutron rheometers at temperatures up to 240 degrees C under an inert gas environment. The design of the instrument is such that relatively small sample sizes are required. The testing of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center Neutron Rheometer in the Couette design both as a rheometer and in the small-angle neutron optical configuration on highly viscous polystyrene is presented. The observed anisotropic neutron scattering pattern of the polystyrene melt at a molecular weight above entanglement provides evidence that the conformation of the polymer chains are elongated in the direction of the melt flow, in agreement with the current theories concerning linear polymers in the bulk. C1 [Yearley, Eric J.; Sasa, Leslie A.; Taylor, Mark A.; Kupcho, Kevin M.; Hjelm, Rex P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sasa, Leslie A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Welch, Cynthia F.; Gilbertson, Robert D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div Polymers & Coatings, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hjelm, RP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hjelm@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Welch, Cynthia/0000-0002-4638-6434 FU National Physical Science Consortium; Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences; [W-7405-ENG-36] FX The authors thank Dr. Debra A. Wrobleski for the determination of the molecular weight distribution of our polystyrene samples and Dr. Edward B. Orler for the fruitful discussions concerning the rheological properties of our samples. We thank Professor Sandy Sternstein for the most valuable discussions. We also thank Danny Olivas, Robert Merl, Alan Shapiro, Kelly Knickerbocker and Dr. Paul Lewis for the construction and support of the LNR control systems. We furthermore thank David Bonal from National Instruments for his support in the critical modifications of our LABVIEW programs. The authors also thank Melvin Borrego, Tim Medina, Michael Torrez and Joshua Martinez for their assistance during the experimental process. L.A.S. would like to gratefully acknowledge the National Physical Science Consortium for their financial support. This work was supported by the use of the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, which is funded by the Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Los Alamos National Laboratory operated by the University of California under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-36 and subsequently by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 AR 045109 DI 10.1063/1.3374121 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 590QW UT WOS:000277243100053 PM 20441370 ER PT J AU Kuhl, AL Reichenbach, H AF Kuhl, A. L. Reichenbach, H. TI Barometric calorimeters SO RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article AB A barometric calorimeter technique has been developed to characterize the temporal evolution of combustion in confined explosions. By comparing pressure measurements for explosions in air versus nitrogen, one can make visible the gasdynamic (pressure) consequences of the exothermic energy release. The late-time chamber pressure measurement is used to evaluate the final mass-fraction of products produced by combustion. Combustion completeness varied from 50-89% over a wide range of stoichiometrics. A thermodynamic model of combustion in a calorimeter is proposed. The model was applied to the TNT-air system; chamber pressures varied between 1 bar and 1 kbar for fuel mass-fractions between 1 and 99%. Chamber temperature reached a maximum of 2.099 K at a fuel mass loading of 36%. We will show that combustion is a more-effective energy release mechanism for creating high temperatures and pressures in a confined explosion than the detonation mechanism. C1 [Kuhl, A. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Reichenbach, H.] Ernst Mach Inst, Fraunhofer Inst Kurzzeitdynam, Freiburg, Germany. RP Kuhl, AL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM kuhl2@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [IACRO 08-43991] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The work was sponsored by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under IACRO 08-43991. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1990-7931 J9 RUSS J PHYS CHEM B+ JI Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR PY 2010 VL 4 IS 2 BP 271 EP 278 DI 10.1134/S1990793110020132 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA 600CA UT WOS:000277959700013 ER PT J AU Wiley, S AF Wiley, Steven TI Down with Reviews SO SCIENTIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wiley, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENTIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 400 MARKET ST, STE 1250, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0890-3670 J9 SCIENTIST JI Scientist PD APR PY 2010 VL 24 IS 4 BP 31 EP 31 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 574TX UT WOS:000276017700018 ER PT J AU Wong, T Suzuki, K Gibson, M Ishikawa, K Aoki, K Jones, LL AF Wong, T. Suzuki, K. Gibson, M. Ishikawa, K. Aoki, K. Jones, L. L. TI Hydrogen permeation behavior of multifilamentary Cu-Nb superconducting composites SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen diffusion; Hydrogen permeation membrane; Metallic superconductors; Copper alloys; Ductility ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NI ALLOY; MICROSTRUCTURE; PERMEABILITY; MEMBRANES; STRENGTH; DEFORMATION; WIRES AB The hydrogen permeation behavior of Cu-15 vol% Nb and Cu-20 vol.% Nb alloys which were developed originally for superconducting wires has been investigated. Both the alloys with a microstructure consisting of body-centered cubic Nb (bcc-Nb) filaments and a face-centered cubic Cu matrix exhibited a hydrogen permeability of similar to 2 x 10(-9) mol m(-1) s(-1) Pa(-0.5) at 673 K. The samples tested are resistant to hydrogen embrittlement despite the fact that bcc-Nb is susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement. Our work demonstrates that Nb-based multifilamentary alloys are potential candidates for alloy membranes for hydrogen purification. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wong, T.; Suzuki, K.] Monash Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Gibson, M.] CSIRO Proc Sci & Engn, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. [Ishikawa, K.; Aoki, K.] Kitami Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kitami, Hokkaido 0908507, Japan. [Jones, L. L.] Iowa State Univ, USDOE Met Dev Ames 121, Ames Lab, Mat Preparat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wong, T (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM timothy.wong@eng.monash.edu.au RI Suzuki, Kiyonori/A-1284-2008 OI Suzuki, Kiyonori/0000-0002-8659-6786 FU Australian Research Council FX This work was supported financially by the Australian Research Council through its Discovery-Projects scheme. Professor J.D. Verhoeven is gratefully acknowledged for providing the two Cu-Nb samples for this study. T.W. is thankful to Monash University for their support through their PhD scholarship scheme. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD APR PY 2010 VL 62 IS 8 BP 582 EP 585 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2009.12.045 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 574ET UT WOS:000275972200015 ER PT J AU Wang, YD Ren, Y Huang, EW Wang, G Nie, ZH Zuo, L Liaw, PK AF Wang, Y. D. Ren, Y. Huang, E. W. Wang, G. Nie, Z. H. Zuo, L. Liaw, P. K. TI Evidence of two-length-scale kinetics of R-phase transformation by high-energy X-ray diffraction SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Phase transformation kinetics; X-ray diffraction (XRD); Shape memory alloy; Martensitic phase transformation; R-phase ID ALLOYS; CRYSTALS; MEMORY AB The cubic-to-rhombohedral (C-R) phase transition in an AuCd shape memory alloy was investigated by in situ high-energy X-ray diffraction. We present the first direct experimental evidence of two-length-scale phase transition kinetics in this alloy system. It was further found that aging in the R-phase leads to two-way memory "loss", characterized by the reselection of new variants. We attributed this two-way memory "loss" to the internal stresses caused by the defects formed in the off equilibrium state of the studied AuCd system. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Y. D.; Nie, Z. H.] Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Ren, Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Huang, E. W.; Liaw, P. K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wang, G.; Zuo, L.] Northeastern Univ, Key Lab Anisotropy & Texture Mat, Minist Educ, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. RP Wang, YD (reprint author), Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM ydwang@bit.edu.cn RI Nie, Zhihua/G-9459-2013; wang, yandong/G-9404-2013; Huang, E-Wen/A-5717-2015 OI Nie, Zhihua/0000-0002-2533-933X; Huang, E-Wen/0000-0003-4986-0661 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [50725102]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0231320]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50725102) and the National Science Foundation International Materials Institutes (IMI) Program (DMR-0231320) with Dr. C. Huber as the Program Director. The use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD APR PY 2010 VL 62 IS 8 BP 617 EP 620 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.01.011 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 574ET UT WOS:000275972200024 ER PT J AU Deng, ZQ Weiland, M Carlson, T Eppard, MB AF Deng, Zhiqun Weiland, Mark Carlson, Thomas Eppard, M. Brad TI Design and Instrumentation of a Measurement and Calibration System for an Acoustic Telemetry System SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE underwater transducers; piezoelectric sensors; acoustic telemetry AB The Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) is an active sensing technology developed by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, for detecting and tracking small fish. It is used primarily for evaluating behavior and survival of juvenile salmonids migrating through the Federal Columbia River Power System to the Pacific Ocean. It provides critical data for salmon protection and development of more "fishfriendly" hydroelectric facilities. The objective of this study was to design and build a Measurement and Calibration System (MCS) for evaluating the JSATS components, because the JSATS requires comprehensive acceptance and performance testing in a controlled environment before it is deployed in the field. The MCS consists of a reference transducer, a water test tank lined with anechoic material, a motion control unit, a reference receiver, a signal conditioner and amplifier unit, a data acquisition board, MATLAB control and analysis interface, and a computer. The fully integrated MCS has been evaluated successfully at various simulated distances and using different encoded signals at frequencies within the bandwidth of the JSATS transmitter. The MCS provides accurate acoustic mapping capability in a controlled environment and automates the process that allows real-time measurements and evaluation of the piezoelectric transducers, sensors, or the acoustic fields. The MCS has been in use since 2009 for acceptance and performance testing of, and further improvements to, the JSATS. C1 [Deng, Zhiqun; Weiland, Mark; Carlson, Thomas] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99332 USA. [Eppard, M. Brad] USA, Corps Engineers, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Deng, ZQ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99332 USA. EM zhiqun.deng@pnl.gov; Mark.Weiland@pnl.gov; thomas.carlson@pnl.gov; Matthew.B.Eppard@usace.army.mil RI Deng, Daniel/A-9536-2011 OI Deng, Daniel/0000-0002-8300-8766 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District FX The work described in this article was conducted at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in Richland, Washington, which is operated by Battelle for the U. S. Department of Energy. The authors thank Eric Choi, Brian LaMarche, Geoff McMichael, Brian Noland, and Tom Seim of PNNL for their help with this study. Andrea Currie, Jayson Martinez, and Tao Fu of PNNL provided comments and technical help preparing the manuscript. This study was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District. NR 11 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL-MDPI PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD APR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 3090 EP 3099 DI 10.3390/s100403090 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 589OI UT WOS:000277159700032 PM 22319288 ER PT J AU Kusaka, R Inokuchi, Y Xantheas, SS Ebata, T AF Kusaka, Ryoji Inokuchi, Yoshiya Xantheas, Sotiris S. Ebata, Takayuki TI Structures and Encapsulation Motifs of Functional Molecules Probed by Laser Spectroscopic and Theoretical Methods SO SENSORS LA English DT Review DE supersonic jet; laser spectroscopy; host-guest complex; crown ether; calixarene ID CROWN-ETHER COMPLEXES; BASIS-SETS; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; CALORIMETRIC TITRATION; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; BIVALENT-CATIONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SUPERSONIC JETS; 25 DEGREESC; METAL-IONS AB We report laser spectroscopic and computational studies of host/guest hydration interactions between functional molecules (hosts) and water (guest) in supersonic jets. The examined hosts include dibenzo-18-crown-6-ether (DB18C6), benzo-18-crown-6-ether (B18C6) and calix[4] arene (C4A). The gaseous complexes between the functional molecular hosts and water are generated under jet-cooled conditions. Various laser spectroscopic methods are applied for these species: the electronic spectra are observed by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), mass-selected resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) and ultraviolet-ultraviolet hole-burning (UV-UV HB) spectroscopy, whereas the vibrational spectra for each individual species are observed by infrared-ultraviolet double resonance (IR-UV DR) spectroscopy. The obained results are analyzed by first principles electronic structure calculations. We discuss the conformations of the host molecules, the structures of the complexes, and key interactions forming the specific complexes. C1 [Kusaka, Ryoji; Inokuchi, Yoshiya; Ebata, Takayuki] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Chem, Grad Sch Sci, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Xantheas, Sotiris S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ebata, T (reprint author), Hiroshima Univ, Dept Chem, Grad Sch Sci, Kagamiyama 1-3-1, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. EM d096443@hiroshima-u.ac.jp; y-inokuchi@hiroshima-u.ac.jp; sotiris.xantheas@pnl.gov; tebata@hiroshima-u.ac.jp RI Inokuchi, Yoshiya/D-4681-2013; Xantheas, Sotiris/L-1239-2015; OI Inokuchi, Yoshiya/0000-0001-7959-5315; Xantheas, Sotiris/0000-0002-6303-1037 FU JSPS [18205003]; MEXT [477]; Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX T.E. acknowledges JSPS for the support through a Grant-in-Aid project (No. 18205003) and MEXT for the support through a Grant-in-Aid for the Scientific Research on Priority Area "Molecular Science for Supra Functional Systems" (No. 477). Part of this work is supported by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. Battelle operates the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy. This research was performed in part using the Molecular Science Computing Facility (MSCF) in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. NR 57 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL-MDPI PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD APR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 3519 EP 3548 DI 10.3390/s100403519 PG 30 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 589OI UT WOS:000277159700054 PM 22319310 ER PT J AU Loui, A Sirbuly, DJ Elhadj, S McCall, SK Hart, BR Ratto, TV AF Loui, A. Sirbuly, D. J. Elhadj, S. McCall, S. K. Hart, B. R. Ratto, T. V. TI Detection and discrimination of pure gases and binary mixtures using a dual-modality microcantilever sensor SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE Gas detection; Cantilever sensor; Thermal conductivity; Resonant damping ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY SENSOR; CANTILEVER; HYDROGEN; SILICON; VAPOR; ARRAY; SENSITIVITY; TECHNOLOGY; GEOMETRY; SYSTEM AB A new method for detecting and discriminating pure gases and binary mixtures has been investigated. This approach is based on two distinct physical mechanisms which can be simultaneously employed within a single microcantilever: heat dissipation and resonant damping in the viscous regime. An experimental study of the heat dissipation mechanism indicates that the sensor response is directly correlated to the thermal conductivity of the gaseous analyte. A theoretical data set of resonant damping was generated corresponding to the gas mixtures examined in the thermal response experiments. The combination of the thermal and resonant response data yields more distinct analyte signatures that cannot otherwise be obtained from the detection modes individually. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Loui, A.; Sirbuly, D. J.; Elhadj, S.; McCall, S. K.; Hart, B. R.; Ratto, T. V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Loui, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM loui2@llnl.gov; dsirbuly@ucsd.edu RI McCall, Scott/G-1733-2014 OI McCall, Scott/0000-0002-7979-4944 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The authors would like to thank J.T. Chang, J.M. Zumstein, and J.L. Herberg for their contributions to this work. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD APR PY 2010 VL 159 IS 1 BP 58 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2010.03.004 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 596CP UT WOS:000277661800008 ER PT J AU Al-Karaghouli, A Kazmerski, LL AF Al-Karaghouli, Ali Kazmerski, L. L. TI Optimization and life-cycle cost of health clinic PV system for a rural area in southern Iraq using HOMER software SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Photovoltaics (PV); Stand-alone system; Rural electrification; Rural area in Iraq; System; Design AB This paper addresses the need for electricity of rural areas in southern Iraq and proposes a photovoltaic (PV) solar system to power a health clinic in that region. The total daily health clinic load is 31.6 kWh and detailed loads are listed. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) optimization computer model for distributed power, "HOMER," is used to estimate the system size and its life-cycle cost. The analysis shows that the optimal system's initial cost, net present cost, and electricity cost is US$ 50,700, US$ 60,375, and US$ 0.238/kW h, respectively. These values for the PV system are compared with those of a generator alone used to supply the load. We found that the initial cost, net present cost of the generator system, and electricity cost are US$ 4500, US$ 352,303, and US$ 1.332/kW h, respectively. We conclude that using the PV system is justified on humanitarian, technical, and economic grounds. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Al-Karaghouli, Ali; Kazmerski, L. L.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kazmerski, LL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM kaz@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-G028308] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-G028308. NR 3 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PD APR PY 2010 VL 84 IS 4 SI SI BP 710 EP 714 DI 10.1016/j.solener.2010.01.024 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 582IK UT WOS:000276590200019 ER PT J AU Schriver, M Regan, W Loster, M Zettl, A AF Schriver, M. Regan, W. Loster, M. Zettl, A. TI Carbon nanostructure-aSi:H photovoltaic cells with high open-circuit voltage fabricated without dopants SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Nanostructures; Semiconductors; Photoconductivity and photovoltaics ID SOLAR-CELLS; GRAPHENE; FILMS AB Recently discovered production techniques allow the synthesis of carbon nanostructured films with large surface areas. The abundance of carbon and the unique properties of these nanostructures, including high transparency and excellent electrical conductivity, make these materials very interesting for photovoltaic applications, in particular in combination with amorphous silicon. We examine the properties of thin carbon nanotube films (buckypaper) and graphene in junctions with undoped amorphous silicon thin films. The observed open-circuit voltages, 390 mV for the carbon nanotube film and 150 mV for graphene, suggest that solar cells with high efficiency can be produced without expensive processing steps like doping, multilayer film deposition in high vacuum, or transparent conducting oxide deposition. The buckypaper cells are stable in ambient conditions for many weeks, at least. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schriver, M.; Regan, W.; Loster, M.; Zettl, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schriver, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schriver, M.; Regan, W.; Loster, M.; Zettl, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Regan, W.; Zettl, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrated Nanomech Syst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zettl, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM azettl@berkeley.edu RI Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016; OI Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X; Regan, William/0000-0003-0143-9827 FU Office of Energy Research; Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation [EEC-0425914]; National Defense Science and Engineering FX This work was supported in part by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 through the sp2-bonded Materials Program, which provided for growth of the graphene films and development of the transfer method, by the National Science Foundation through the Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems under Grant No. EEC-0425914, which provided for aSi deposition, and by the Office of Naval Research, which provided for photovoltaic cell design and characterization. M.S. acknowledges support through a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship, and W.R. acknowledges support through a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD APR PY 2010 VL 150 IS 13-14 BP 561 EP 563 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2010.01.013 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 581FZ UT WOS:000276508300003 ER PT J AU Armstead, W Ganguly, K Riley, J Kiessling, W Cines, D Higazi, A Muzykantov, V AF Armstead, William Ganguly, Kumkum Riley, John Kiessling, Willis Cines, Douglas Higazi, Abd Muzykantov, Vladimir TI RBC Coupled tPA Prevents Impairment of Hypercapnic and Hypotensive Cerebrovasodilation After Piglet Photothrombosis Through Inhibition of JNK and Potentiation of p38 MAPK SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Stroke Conference CY FEB 23-26, 2010 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Heart Assoc, Amer Stroke Assoc C1 [Armstead, William; Riley, John; Kiessling, Willis; Cines, Douglas; Higazi, Abd; Muzykantov, Vladimir] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Ganguly, Kumkum] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD APR PY 2010 VL 41 IS 4 BP E251 EP E251 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 575XU UT WOS:000276106100246 ER PT J AU Markiewicz, WD Swenson, CA AF Markiewicz, W. D. Swenson, C. A. TI Winding strain analysis for YBCO coated conductors SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD SUPERCONDUCTING SOLENOIDS AB An analysis is made of the winding strains for YBCO coated conductors in solenoid coils. Expressions are developed for the bend strains that occur in pancake and layer wound coils as a function of the relevant parameters. The bend strain for the winding of radial pancakes or helical layers follows directly from the bending analysis of thin beams. In the case that there is a radial step in the windings, as might occur at a joint, a simple model for the step is introduced and an expression for the associated bend strain is derived. For layer winding, two patterns of layer end turn are suggested to meet the design objectives and to avoid radial build interference. Expressions for the wide direction bend strain are derived. The reported strain tolerance of the critical current of YBCO is reviewed to quantify acceptable limits for the bend strain. Bend strains are computed for various configurations of pancake winding and layer winding using the derived expressions and compared to the measured irreversible strain. At large winding diameters, bend strains are generally low but are shown to increase and become a design constraint at small diameters. Locations for joints are identified in the end turn regions of layer winding patterns. Depending on the diameter of the windings and the space available for the end turn, it is shown that the presence of a joint can greatly increase the bend strain of the end turn. C1 [Markiewicz, W. D.] Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Swenson, C. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Markiewicz, WD (reprint author), Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM markiewicz@magnet.fsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0654118]; State of Florida FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant DMR-0654118 and the State of Florida. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 23 IS 4 AR 045017 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/23/4/045017 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 571MN UT WOS:000275756000019 ER PT J AU Romanenko, A Padamsee, H AF Romanenko, A. Padamsee, H. TI The role of near-surface dislocations in the high magnetic field performance of superconducting niobium cavities SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BAKING AB Quantitative analysis of the near-surface dislocation content performed using electron backscattered diffraction for samples cut from niobium cavities limited by the 'high field Q-slope' effect show a high dislocation content, as well as a pronounced change in the near-surface dislocation content caused by the 100-120 degrees C annealing when such annealing has a healing effect on the high field Q-slope. We propose a model for the sharp degradation of the cavity Q at high field for niobium cavities based on dislocation-assisted magnetic flux entry at surface magnetic fields lower than those expected for ideal niobium. It is proposed that the elimination of the high field Q-slope by 100-120 degrees C annealing is caused by vacancy-assisted dislocation climb in the near-surface region. C1 [Romanenko, A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Romanenko, A.; Padamsee, H.] Cornell Univ, CLASSE, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Romanenko, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM aroman@fnal.gov NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 23 IS 4 AR 045008 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/23/4/045008 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 571MN UT WOS:000275756000010 ER PT J AU Stan, L Tao, BW Holesinger, TG Yang, H Feldmann, DM Maiorov, B Baily, SA Civale, L DePaula, RF Li, YR Jia, QX AF Stan, L. Tao, B. W. Holesinger, T. G. Yang, H. Feldmann, D. M. Maiorov, B. Baily, S. A. Civale, L. DePaula, R. F. Li, Y. R. Jia, Q. X. TI The role of thermally and chemically stable composite Y2O3:Al2O3 in the development of YBa2Cu3O7-x films on metal substrates SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED-ZIRCONIA; COATED CONDUCTORS; THIN-FILMS; BUFFER LAYERS; DEPOSITION; MGO; SUPERCONDUCTORS; TEMPLATES AB We have developed Y2O3:Al2O3 (YAlO) composites to simplify the architecture of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) thick films on polycrystalline metal substrates. By implementing the use of YAlO, we have reduced the total number of non-superconducting layers between the polycrystalline metal substrate and the YBCO film from five (as in the standard architecture used by industry) to three. The YBCO films grown on this simplified platform exhibited an in-plane mosaic spread of less than 4. in full width at half-maximum, correlated pinning centered at H parallel to c, and an a value (the proportionality factor of the critical current density H-alpha) of around 0.38 over the field range of 0.1-1.0 T. We believe that the excellent structural stability at high temperatures and the exceptional chemical inertness in an oxidizing environment make YAlO a good choice for use in the growth of biaxially oriented MgO and subsequent buffer and superconducting layers. C1 [Stan, L.; Holesinger, T. G.; Yang, H.; Feldmann, D. M.; Maiorov, B.; Baily, S. A.; Civale, L.; DePaula, R. F.; Jia, Q. X.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Tao, B. W.; Li, Y. R.] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, State Key Lab Elect Thin Films & Integrated Devic, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. RP Stan, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lilianas@lanl.gov; qxjia@lanl.gov RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; OI Maiorov, Boris/0000-0003-1885-0436; Civale, Leonardo/0000-0003-0806-3113 FU US Department of Energy-Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems; US Department of Energy through the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT) FX This work was sponsored by US Department of Energy-Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems. QXJ thanks the support of the US Department of Energy through the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT) for this work. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 23 IS 4 AR 045012 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/23/4/045012 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 571MN UT WOS:000275756000014 ER PT J AU Wimbush, SC Durrell, JH Tsai, CF Wang, H Jia, QX Blamire, MG MacManus-Driscoll, JL AF Wimbush, S. C. Durrell, J. H. Tsai, C. F. Wang, H. Jia, Q. X. Blamire, M. G. MacManus-Driscoll, J. L. TI Enhanced critical current in YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films through pinning by ferromagnetic YFeO3 nanoparticles SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTOR; MULTILAYERS; ARRAYS AB Nanoscale ferromagnetic inclusions of YFeO3 have been incorporated into pulsed laser deposited YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) thin films. The poisoning of the YBCO through the addition of the magnetic material is minor, with 1 mol% doping resulting in an unsuppressed superconducting transition temperature of 90 K. The critical current density of the magnetically doped films is enhanced both in field and at self-field, and values of 3.0 MA cm(-2) have been achieved at 77 K, self-field in films 1 mu m thick, compared to 1.5 MA cm(-2) in an undoped film prepared by the same process. Such an enhancement in critical current at such low dopant levels is suggestive of an additional contribution to the flux pinning from the magnetic constituent. C1 [Wimbush, S. C.; Durrell, J. H.; Blamire, M. G.; MacManus-Driscoll, J. L.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. [Tsai, C. F.; Wang, H.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Jia, Q. X.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA STC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wimbush, SC (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. EM scw42@cam.ac.uk RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Wimbush, Stuart/F-3736-2011; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014; Durrell, John/A-4052-2008 OI Wimbush, Stuart/0000-0003-1636-643X; Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209; Durrell, John/0000-0003-0712-3102 FU UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/C517776/1]; The Leverhulme Trust; The Isaac Newton Trust FX This work was funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (grant no. EP/C517776/1). SCW is supported by The Leverhulme Trust with supplementary funding from The Isaac Newton Trust. The authors acknowledge helpful discussions with R B Dinner. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 23 IS 4 AR 045019 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/23/4/045019 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 571MN UT WOS:000275756000021 ER PT J AU Zhu, Y Hunte, F Baily, SA Balakirev, FF Zhuang, CG Feng, QR Gan, ZZ Xi, XX Larbalestier, DC Voyles, PM AF Zhu, Y. Hunte, F. Baily, S. A. Balakirev, F. F. Zhuang, C. G. Feng, Q. R. Gan, Z. Z. Xi, X. X. Larbalestier, D. C. Voyles, P. M. TI MgO platelets and high critical field in MgB2 thin films doped with carbon from methane (vol 22, 125001, 2009) SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Zhu, Y.; Voyles, P. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hunte, F.; Larbalestier, D. C.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Baily, S. A.; Balakirev, F. F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Zhuang, C. G.; Feng, Q. R.; Gan, Z. Z.] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zhuang, C. G.; Feng, Q. R.; Gan, Z. Z.] Peking Univ, State Key Lab Artificial Microstruct & Mesoscop P, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Xi, X. X.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Xi, X. X.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Xi, X. X.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Zhu, Y (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1509 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Larbalestier, David/B-2277-2008 OI Larbalestier, David/0000-0001-7098-7208 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 23 IS 4 AR 049801 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/23/4/049801 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 571MN UT WOS:000275756000036 ER PT J AU Duda, JC Hopkins, PE Beechem, TE Smoyer, JL Norris, PM AF Duda, John C. Hopkins, Patrick E. Beechem, Thomas E. Smoyer, Justin L. Norris, Pamela M. TI Inelastic phonon interactions at solid-graphite interfaces SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Inelastic; Graphite; Thermal boundary conductance; Phonon; Transport; Interface ID THERMAL-BOUNDARY CONDUCTANCE AB The presented model predicts thermal boundary conductance at interfaces where one material comprising the junction is characterized by high elastic anisotropy. In contrast to previous approaches, the current methodology accounts for contributions from inelastic scattering through consideration of multiple-phonon interactions. Inelastic contributions become significant as the temperature, as well as the degree of acoustic mismatch between the materials, increases. Inclusion of the inelastic interactions is necessary for a variety of interfacial systems including the metal-graphite boundary examined here. Improvement is shown over existing approaches that address only elastic scattering as both three- and four-phonon interactions significantly augment the transport. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Duda, John C.; Smoyer, Justin L.; Norris, Pamela M.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Hopkins, Patrick E.; Beechem, Thomas E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Duda, JC (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM duda@virginia.edu; pehopki@sandia.gov; pamela@virginia.edu RI Duda, John/A-7214-2011 FU Office of Naval Research through a MURI [N00014-07-1-0723]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0245]; National Science Foundation; LDRD program office through the Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX J.C.D., J.L.S., and P.M.N. acknowledge the financial support of the Office of Naval Research through a MURI grant (Grant No. N00014-07-1-0723) and the financial support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant No. FA9550-09-1-0245). J.C.D. is greatly appreciative of financial support from the National Science Foundation through the Graduate Research Fellowship Program. P.E.H. is grateful for funding from the LDRD program office through the Sandia National Laboratories Harry S. Truman Fellowship. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PD APR PY 2010 VL 47 IS 4 BP 550 EP 555 DI 10.1016/j.spmi.2010.01.001 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 581FY UT WOS:000276508200005 ER PT J AU Vasin, NM Shchelkachev, MG Vinokur, VM AF Vasin, N. M. Shchelkachev, M. G. Vinokur, V. M. TI A new approach for describing glass transition kinetics SO THEORETICAL AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE glass transition; nonequilibrium transition; Keldysh technique ID SPIN-GLASSES; DYNAMICS; SUPERSYMMETRY; SYSTEMS AB We use a functional integral technique generalizing the Keldysh diagram technique to describe glass transition kinetics. We show that the Keldysh functional approach takes the dynamical determinant arising in the glass dynamics into account exactly and generalizes the traditional approach based on using the supersymmetric dynamic generating functional method. In contrast to the supersymmetric method, this approach allows avoiding additional Grassmannian fields and tracking the violation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem explicitly. We use this method to describe the dynamics of an Edwards-Anderson soft spin-glass-type model near the paramagnet-glass transition. We show that a Vogel-Fulcher-type dynamics arises in the fluctuation region only if the fluctuation-dissipation theorem is violated in the process of dynamical renormalization of the Keldysh action in the replica space. C1 [Vasin, N. M.] RAS, Ural Branch, Phys Tech Inst, Izhevsk, Russia. [Vasin, N. M.; Shchelkachev, M. G.; Vinokur, V. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Shchelkachev, M. G.] RAS, LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Chernogolovka, Moscow Oblast, Russia. [Shchelkachev, M. G.] Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Moscow, Russia. RP Vasin, NM (reprint author), RAS, Ural Branch, Phys Tech Inst, Izhevsk, Russia. EM dr_vasin@mail.ru RI Vasin, Mikhail/G-4461-2016; OI Chtchelkatchev, Nikolay/0000-0002-7242-1483 FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [07-02-00998, 07-02-00110]; Russian Academy of Sciences FX The authors thank V. N. Ryzhov and E. E. Tareeva for the attention to this work and for the stimulating discussions.; This work is supported by in part the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant Nos. 07-02-00998 and 07-02-00110) and the program "Quantum Physics of Condensed Media" of the Russian Academy of Sciences. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5779 J9 THEOR MATH PHYS+ JI Theor. Math. Phys. PD APR PY 2010 VL 163 IS 1 BP 537 EP 548 DI 10.1007/s11232-010-0042-2 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 592YV UT WOS:000277418800012 ER PT J AU Sham, TL Zinkle, SJ AF Sham, T. -L. Zinkle, S. J. TI Creep and fatigue issues for structural materials in demonstration fusion energy systems SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF METALS LA English DT Article DE fusion energy; creep-fatigue interaction; irradiation creep ID 9CR-1MO MARTENSITIC STEEL; LOW-ACTIVATION MATERIALS; OXIDATION INTERACTIONS; HOLDING PERIOD; REACTORS; LIFETIME; ELEMENTS; LIMITS AB The structural materials proposed for use in future fusion energy systems must perform reliably in an environment consisting of intense neutron irradiation, high temperatures, and cyclic stress. Therefore, thermal creep and creep-fatigue (in addition to irradiation creep) are anticipated to be important issues for the engineering design of structural materials for fusion reactors. The key materials systems under consideration for structures of fusion reactors include 8-9%Cr ferritic/martensitic steels, oxide dispersion strengthened ferritic steels, vanadium alloys and SiC fiber-reinforced SiC matrix ceramic composites. The current elevated temperature creep-fatigue design rules based on the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) code are discussed, along with a brief review of creep-fatigue interaction mechanisms. Refinements to current international design codes to include radiation-induced phenomena such as reduction in uniform elongation have been performed in association with the engineering design of the ITER fusion energy device currently under construction in France. Several other creep-fatigue issues of potential importance for fusion energy applications are discussed. C1 [Sham, T. -L.; Zinkle, S. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sham, TL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zinklesj@ornl.gov OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER INDIA PI NEW DELHI PA 7TH FLOOR, VIJAYA BUILDING, 17, BARAKHAMBA ROAD, NEW DELHI, 110 001, INDIA SN 0972-2815 EI 0975-1645 J9 T INDIAN I METALS JI Trans. Indian Inst. Met. PD APR PY 2010 VL 63 IS 2-3 BP 331 EP 337 DI 10.1007/s12666-010-0044-7 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 685GE UT WOS:000284616400034 ER PT J AU Silin, D Virnovsky, G AF Silin, Dmitriy Virnovsky, George TI A Variational Model of Disjoining Pressure: Liquid Film on a Nonplanar Surface SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article DE Interfacial tension; Disjoining pressure; Capillary pressure; Wettability ID STABLE DROP SHAPES; SOLID-SURFACES; THIN-FILM; EQUILIBRIUM-CONFIGURATIONS; OIL-RESERVOIRS; IMBIBITION; MENISCUS; FORCES; WETTABILITY; CAPILLARY AB Variational methods have been successfully used in modelling thin liquid films in numerous theoretical studies of wettability. In this article, the variational model of the disjoining pressure is extended to the general case of a two-dimensional solid surface. The Helmholtz free energy functional depends both on the disjoining pressure isotherm and on the shape of the solid surface. The augmented Young-Laplace equation (AYLE) is a nonlinear second-order partial differential equation. A number of solutions describing wetting films on spherical grains have been obtained. In the case of cylindrical films, the phase portrait technique describes the entire variety of mathematically feasible solutions. It turns out that a periodic solution, which would describe wave-like wetting films, does not satisfy Jacobi's condition of the classical calculus of variations. Therefore, such a solution is nonphysical. The roughness of the solid surface significantly affects liquid film stability. AYLE solutions suggest that film rupture is more likely at a location where the pore-wall surface is most exposed into the pore space, and the curvature is positive. C1 [Silin, Dmitriy] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Virnovsky, George] Int Res Inst Stavanger AS, N-4068 Stavanger, Norway. RP Silin, D (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90R1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM DSilin@lbl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Most part of this study has been performed at International Research Institute of Stavanger (IRIS), Norway. The Research Council of Norway, ConocoPhillips and the Ekofisk Coventurers, including TOTAL, ENI, StatoilHydro and Petoro, have supported this work through the research centre COREC. The first author greatly appreciates the hospitality of IRIS during his visit. Part of this work has been done at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Dr. Andrea Cortis of LBNL and Mr. Olav Inge Frette of IRIS have read the manuscript and provided valuable remarks and recommendations, which are greatly appreciated. Many thanks to the anonymous reviewers for their careful reading of the manuscript and numerous suggestions. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0169-3913 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD APR PY 2010 VL 82 IS 3 BP 485 EP 505 DI 10.1007/s11242-009-9424-z PG 21 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 575OG UT WOS:000276076200004 ER PT J AU Hakami, RM Ruthel, G Stahl, AM Bavari, S AF Hakami, Ramin Mollaaghababa Ruthel, Gordon Stahl, Andrea M. Bavari, Sina TI Gaining ground: assays for therapeutics against botulinum neurotoxin SO TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID TOXIN TYPE-A; SMALL-MOLECULE INHIBITORS; SEROTYPE-B; CLOSTRIDIAL NEUROTOXINS; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; PROTEASE ACTIVITY; LIGHT-CHAIN; IN-VIVO; SUBSTRATE; IDENTIFICATION AB Owing in part to recently heightened concern over bio-terrorism, interest in the mechanism of action of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) and development of effective therapeutic strategies has dramatically increased. The emergence of BoNT as an effective treatment for a variety of neurological disorders and its growing use in the cosmetic industry have also increased interest in developing effective countermeasures. Although recent attempts to create effective vaccines appear promising, the multitude of clinical and cosmetic uses of BoNT make mass vaccination against the toxin undesirable and impractical, leading to intensified efforts to develop effective therapeutics to combat large-scale intoxications. In this review, we examine the relevant and available in vitro cell-based assays and in vivo assays for drug discovery and development, especially with regard to the potential for medium- to high-throughput automation and its use in identifying physiologically relevant inhibitors. C1 [Hakami, Ramin Mollaaghababa] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Fac Res Participat Program, Belcamp, MD USA. [Hakami, Ramin Mollaaghababa; Ruthel, Gordon; Stahl, Andrea M.; Bavari, Sina] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. [Hakami, Ramin Mollaaghababa] Akimeka Technol LLC, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Hakami, RM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Fac Res Participat Program, Belcamp, MD USA. EM ramin.hakami@us.army.mil; sina.bavari@us.army.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [3.10084_09_RD_B] FX We thank Dr James J. Schmidt and Dr Erkan Kiris for their insightful contributions to the manuscript. The views, opinions and/or findings presented here are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official Department of the Army position, policy or decision unless designated by other documentation. This work was supported by a grant from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (3.10084_09_RD_B to S.B.). NR 67 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0966-842X J9 TRENDS MICROBIOL JI Trends Microbiol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 18 IS 4 BP 164 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.tim.2010.02.001 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 585DH UT WOS:000276804000004 PM 20202845 ER PT J AU Evans, RD Doll, GL Hager, CH Howe, JY AF Evans, R. D. Doll, G. L. Hager, C. H. Howe, J. Y. TI Influence of Steel Type on the Propensity for Tribochemical Wear in Boundary Lubrication with a Wind Turbine Gear Oil SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Antiwear additives; Extreme pressure additives; Additive interaction; Additive decomposition; Power generation; Boundary lubrication wear; Rolling element bearings: general; Ferrous alloys: steel; Tapered roller bearings; TEM; Wear mechanisms ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; BEARING SURFACES; CONTACTS; OXIDE AB Tribochemical wear may occur at the interface between a surface and a lubricant as a result of chemical and mechanical interactions in a tribological contact. Understanding the onset of tribochemical wear damage on component surfaces requires the use of high resolution techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In this study, two steel types, case carburized AISI 3310 and through-hardened AISI 52100, were wear tested using a ball-on-disk rolling/sliding contact tribometer in fully formulated commercial wind turbine gearbox oil under boundary lubrication conditions with 10% slip. With the exception of steel type, all other test conditions were held constant. Conventional tribofilm analysis in the wear tracks was performed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and no significant composition differences were detected in the tribofilms for the different steel disk types. However, TEM analysis revealed significant tribochemical wear differences between the two steel types at multiple length scales, from the near-surface material microstructure (depth < 500 nm) to the tribofilm nanostructure. Nanometer-scale interfacial cracking and surface particle detachment was observed for the AISI 52100 case, whereas the tribofilm/substrate interface was abrupt and undamaged for the AISI 3310 case. Differences in tribofilm structure, including the location and orientation of MoS(2) single sheet inclusions, were observed as a function of steel type as well. It is suggested that the tribochemical wear modes observed in these experiments may be origins of macroscopic surface-initiated damage such as micropitting in bearings and gears. C1 [Evans, R. D.; Doll, G. L.; Hager, C. H.] Timken Technol Ctr, N Canton, OH USA. [Howe, J. Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Evans, RD (reprint author), Timken Technol Ctr, N Canton, OH USA. EM ryan.evans@timken.com RI Howe, Jane/G-2890-2011; OI Evans, Ryan/0000-0003-4549-8247 NR 11 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD APR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1007/s11249-009-9565-9 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 567RB UT WOS:000275463200003 ER PT J AU Polychronopoulou, K Demas, NG Gibson, PN Rebholz, C Polycarpou, AA AF Polychronopoulou, Kyriaki Demas, Nicholaos G. Gibson, Peter N. Rebholz, Claus Polycarpou, Andreas A. TI Effect of Cu Content on the Structure, and Performance of Substoichiometric Cr-N Coatings SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Coatings; High temperature tribology; Oxides; Hardness; XRD; XPS ID NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; POLARIZABILITY APPROACH; CHROMIUM NITRIDE; HARD COATINGS; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; ARC EVAPORATION; THIN-FILMS; SUPERHARD; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Cu-Cr-N coatings with Cu contents between 3 and 65 at.%, Cu/Cr ratios in the 0.04-4.5 range and 21-27 at.% N, synthesized by twin electron-beam Physical Vapor Deposition at 450 A degrees C, were investigated and compared against substoichiometric Cr-N reference samples. The main objective of this study is to study the influence of Cu on the structure, and the subsequent effects on the mechanical properties, room (22 A degrees C) and high temperature (500 and 840 A degrees C) tribological performance of Cu-Cr-N coatings. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, glancing angle X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, in combination with nanoindentation mechanical property measurements and laboratory-controlled ball-on-disc sliding experiments, it is shown that Cu-Cr-N coatings with low Cu content (3 at.%) possess sufficient wear resistance for high-temperature demanding tribological applications. The lubricious effect of oxide formation at high temperatures is also evaluated. C1 [Polychronopoulou, Kyriaki; Rebholz, Claus] Univ Cyprus, Dept Mech & Mfg Engn, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus. [Polychronopoulou, Kyriaki; Demas, Nicholaos G.; Polycarpou, Andreas A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gibson, Peter N.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Hlth & Consumer Protect, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. [Demas, Nicholaos G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Polychronopoulou, K (reprint author), Univ Cyprus, Dept Mech & Mfg Engn, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus. EM kyriakip@ucy.ac.cy FU European Commission; Cyprus Fulbright Commission FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Center, an Industry-University Cooperative Research Center at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Center for Microanalysis of Materials, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, which is partially supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Grant DEFG02-91-ER45439, and the use of coating deposition equipment at TECVAC LTD, Cambridge, UK. K. Polychronopoulou and C. Rebholz gratefully acknowledge financial support from the European Commission (FP6 Marie Curie Actions Project EXT-0023899-NanoHeaters) and the Cyprus Fulbright Commission through a 2007 Fellowship for Advanced Research in the USA. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 EI 1573-2711 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD APR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 1 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1007/s11249-009-9572-x PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 567RB UT WOS:000275463200007 ER PT J AU Alloyeau, D Hsieh, WK Anderson, EH Hilken, L Benner, G Meng, X Chen, FR Kisielowski, C AF Alloyeau, D. Hsieh, W. K. Anderson, E. H. Hilken, L. Benner, G. Meng, X. Chen, F. R. Kisielowski, C. TI Imaging of soft and hard materials using a Boersch phase plate in a transmission electron microscope SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Phase contrast microscopy; Electrostatic phase plate; Soft materials imaging; In-line holography; Wave reconstruction ID CONTRAST TRANSFER-FUNCTION; COMPLEX OBSERVATION; THIN-FILMS; RECONSTRUCTION; RESOLUTION; WAVE; OBJECTS; MODEL; LIMIT AB Using two levels of electron beam lithography, vapor phase deposition techniques, and FIB etching, we have fabricated an electrostatic Boersch phase plate for contrast enhancement of weak phase objects in a transmission electron microscope. The phase plate has suitable dimensions for the imaging of small biological samples without compromising the high-resolution capabilities of the microscope. A micro-structured electrode allows for phase tuning of the unscattered electron beam, which enables the recording of contrast enhanced in-focus images and in-line holograms. We have demonstrated experimentally that our phase plate improves the contrast of carbon nanotubes while maintaining high-resolution imaging performance, which is demonstrated for the case of an AlGaAs heterostructure. The development opens a new way to study interfaces between soft and hard materials. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Alloyeau, D.; Hsieh, W. K.; Kisielowski, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Anderson, E. H.; Hilken, L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Benner, G.] Carl Zeiss NTS GmbH, D-73447 Oberkochen, Germany. [Chen, F. R.] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Engn & Syst Sci, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RP Alloyeau, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 72, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alloyeau.damien@gmail.com FU Electron Microscopy of Soft Matter Program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Center for Electron Microscopy FX We thank Douglas Detert for his kind assistance in writing this manuscript. This work was supported by the Electron Microscopy of Soft Matter Program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors acknowledge support from the National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 38 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD APR PY 2010 VL 110 IS 5 BP 563 EP 570 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2009.11.016 PG 8 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 614NH UT WOS:000279065700024 ER PT J AU Yuan, JS Abercrombie, LLG Cao, YW Halfhill, MD Zhou, X Peng, YH Hu, J Rao, MR Heck, GR Larosa, TJ Sammons, RD Wang, XW Ranjan, P Johnson, DH Wadl, PA Scheffler, BE Rinehart, TA Trigiano, RN Stewart, CN AF Yuan, Joshua S. Abercrombie, Laura L. G. Cao, Yongwei Halfhill, Matthew D. Zhou, Xin Peng, Yanhui Hu, Jun Rao, Murali R. Heck, Gregory R. Larosa, Thomas J. Sammons, R. Douglas Wang, Xinwang Ranjan, Priya Johnson, Denita H. Wadl, Phillip A. Scheffler, Brian E. Rinehart, Timothy A. Trigiano, Robert N. Stewart, C. Neal, Jr. TI Functional Genomics Analysis of Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) with Special Reference to the Evolution of Non-Target-Site Glyphosate Resistance SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bioinformatics; herbicide resistance; phylogeography; systems biology; transcriptomics ID VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; HERBICIDE RESISTANCE; ABC TRANSPORTERS; LOLIUM-RIGIDUM; WEED GENOMICS; L. CRONQ.; CROPS; TRANSLOCATION; ARABIDOPSIS; RETENTION AB The evolution of glyphosate resistance in weedy species places an environmentally benign herbicide in peril. The first report of a dicot plant with evolved glyphosate resistance was horseweed, which occurred in 2001. Since then, several species have evolved glyphosate resistance and genomic information about nontarget resistance mechanisms in any of them ranges from none to little. Here, we report a study combining iGentifier transcriptome analysis, cDNA sequencing, and a heterologous microarray analysis to explore potential molecular and transcriptomic mechanisms of nontarget glyphosate resistance of horseweed. The results indicate that similar molecular mechanisms might exist for nontarget herbicide resistance across multiple resistant plants from different locations, even though resistance among these resistant plants likely evolved independently and available evidence suggests resistance has evolved at least four separate times. In addition, both the microarray and sequence analyses identified non target-site resistance candidate genes for follow-on functional genomics analysis. C1 [Abercrombie, Laura L. G.; Halfhill, Matthew D.; Peng, Yanhui; Hu, Jun; Rao, Murali R.; Ranjan, Priya; Stewart, C. Neal, Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Yuan, Joshua S.; Zhou, Xin; Hu, Jun] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Inst Plant Genom & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Halfhill, Matthew D.] St Ambrose Univ, Dept Biol, Davenport, IA 52803 USA. [Cao, Yongwei; Heck, Gregory R.; Larosa, Thomas J.; Sammons, R. Douglas] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. [Wang, Xinwang; Johnson, Denita H.; Wadl, Phillip A.; Trigiano, Robert N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ranjan, Priya] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Scheffler, Brian E.] USDA ARS, Gemon & Bioinformat Res Unit, Mid S Area, Genom Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Rinehart, Timothy A.] USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Stewart, CN (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM nealstewart@utk.edu RI Peng, Yanhui/B-6542-2013; OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-6404-2-0057]; Monsanto Company; Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station; Hatch Grants FX This work was supported by U.S. Department of Agriculture agreement 58-6404-2-0057, a grant from Monsanto Company, and funds from the Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station and Hatch Grants. Thanks to many cooperating laboratories across the United States and Canada for collecting and donating horseweed seeds and to people in the laboratories of Tom Mueller, John McElroy, and Greg Armel for help with glyphosate treatments and useful conversations about weed biology. NR 69 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 7 U2 59 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 2010 VL 58 IS 2 BP 109 EP 117 DI 10.1614/WS-D-09-00037.1 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 588HK UT WOS:000277059500004 ER PT J AU Norris, JT Robino, CV Perricone, MJ Hirschfeld, DA AF Norris, J. T. Robino, C. V. Perricone, M. J. Hirschfeld, D. A. TI Development of a Time-Resolved Energy Absorption Measurement Technique for Laser Beam Spot Welds SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Laser Beam Welding; Stainless Steels; Process Control/Monitoring; Process Optimization; Keyhole Mode Welds ID KEYHOLE; IRRADIATION; DEPOSITION; BEHAVIOR AB A method has been developed to temporally characterize the power and energy absorbed in laser beam spot welding (LBSW). As a spot weld is created, the absorption of laser power changes as the surface of the weld pool changes from initial melting through the development of the keyhole. By relating the instantaneous delivered power and pulse energy to the scattered power during welding, a time-resolved description of the power and energy absorption can be obtained. The method uses two gold-plated integrating spheres containing Nd:YAG notch-filtered photodiodes to capture and detect the scattered laser light. Under various welding parameters (pulse energy, duration, and shape), the level of scattered light changes with the condition of the weld pool. For high depth-to-width aspect ratio keyhole mode welds, power transfer efficiency (or instantaneous energy transfer) ranges from 40 to 80% depending on the state of the weld pool. In contrast, low aspect ratio conduction mode welds maintain less than 50% transfer efficiency throughout the welding process. Overall energy transfer efficiencies measured by this method show good agreement with calorimetric (Refs. 1, 2) and thermal expansion measurements (Ref. 4). Time-resolved energy absorption was also evaluated for square and constant ramp down (CRD) pulse shapes. Through characterization of keyhole formation and transfer efficiency in relation to welding parameters, the laser welding process can be optimized, and insight into keyhole phenomena necessary for developing and improving modeling capabilities can be obtained. C1 [Norris, J. T.; Robino, C. V.; Perricone, M. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hirschfeld, D. A.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Norris, JT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jjnorris@q.com FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors would like to thank A. Kilgo for her careful preparation of the metallographic samples, and Don Susan and Danny MacCallum for their thorough review of this manuscript. This work was performed at Sandia National Laboratories, which is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corp., a Lockheed Martin Co., for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA 550 N W LEJEUNE RD, MIAMI, FL 33126 USA SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 89 IS 4 BP 75S EP 81S PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 578JP UT WOS:000276289900014 ER PT J AU Grabowsky, S Weber, M Chen, YS Lentz, D Schmidt, BM Hesse, M Luger, P AF Grabowsky, Simon Weber, Manuela Chen, Yu-Sheng Lentz, Dieter Schmidt, Bernd M. Hesse, Malte Luger, Peter TI Electron Density of Corannulene from Synchrotron Data at 12 K, Comparison with Fullerenes SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Electron Density; Topological Analysis; Synchrotron Radiation; Corannulene ID GEODESIC POLYARENES; DIFFRACTION DATA; CHARGE-DENSITY; CRYSTAL; COORDINATION; MODEL AB The electron density of corannulene, C(20)H(10), was derived from a high-resolution synchrotron data set (sin theta/lambda = 1.11 angstrom(-1)) measured at 12 K and from an ab-initio geometry optimization on the B3LYP/6-31G* level. A full topological analysis yielded atomic and bond-topological properties which were compared between experimental and theoretical findings and, as far as steric congruences exist, with corresponding fragments of the fullerene C(70). For the four different types of C-C bonds in corannulene, a rather close bond-order range between 1.3 and 1.8 was found indicating a considerable delocalization in this molecule. As was already found earlier in fullerene cages, the deformation density on the C-C bonds is not arranged symmetrically. There is more density located outside than inside the corannulene bowl so that in total, charge accumulation is shifted to the outer surface of the molecule. The electrostatic potential suggests an H center dot center dot center dot pi stacking in the crystal which directs the relative orientation of the two crystallographically independent corannulene molecules. The positively charged rim region of one molecule is oriented almost perpendicular to the negative potential region at the bottom of a second molecule. C1 [Grabowsky, Simon; Weber, Manuela; Lentz, Dieter; Schmidt, Bernd M.; Hesse, Malte; Luger, Peter] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Chem & Biochem Anorgan Chem, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Chen, Yu-Sheng] Univ Chicago, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Adv Photon Source, ChemMatCARS,ANL, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Luger, P (reprint author), Free Univ Berlin, Inst Chem & Biochem Anorgan Chem, Fabeckstr 36A & Fabeckstr 34-36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. EM luger@chemie.fu-berlin.de RI Grabowsky, Simon/H-6014-2012 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [Lu 222/30-2, Le 423/13-2, SPP 1178]; National Science Foundation/Department of Energy [NSF/CHE-0822838]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors are grateful to the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for financial support by projects Lu 222/30-2 and Le 423/13-2 within the SPP 1178 special priority program. ChemMatCARS Sector 15 is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under grant number NSF/CHE-0822838. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, 72016 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0932-0776 J9 Z NATURFORSCH B JI Z.Naturforsch.(B) PD APR PY 2010 VL 65 IS 4 BP 452 EP 460 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 612QP UT WOS:000278916900003 ER PT J AU Guan, H Schmid, B Bucholtz, A Bergstrom, R AF Guan, Hong Schmid, Beat Bucholtz, Anthony Bergstrom, Robert TI Sensitivity of shortwave radiative flux density, forcing, and heating rate to the aerosol vertical profile SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL DEPTH; SAFARI 2000; CLOUD; MODIS; LIDAR; ABSORPTION; AIRCRAFT; PERFORMANCE; IRRADIANCE; ATMOSPHERE AB The effect of the aerosol vertical distribution on the solar radiation profiles for idealized and measured profiles of extinction and single-scattering albedo (SSA) during the May 2003 Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Aerosol Intensive Observation Period (AIOP) is investigated using the rapid radiative transfer model shortwave code. Calculated profiles of downwelling and upwelling solar flux density during the AIOP are compared with the measurements from solar broadband radiometers aboard a profiling research aircraft. The profiles of aerosol extinction, SSA, and water vapor obtained from the aircraft that carried the radiometers serve as the model inputs. The uplooking radiometers were mounted on a stabilized platform that kept the radiometers parallel with respect to Earth's horizontal plane. The results indicate that the vertical shape of the aerosol extinction profiles has very little impact on the clear-sky direct radiative forcing at the top of atmosphere and surface but is important for forcing profiles of partially absorbing aerosol. The vertical distributions of absorption profiles drastically influence the forcing and heating rate profiles. Using aircraft data from 19 AIOP profiles over the southern Great Plains, we are able to achieve broadband downwelling solar flux density closure within 0.8% (bias difference) or 1.8% (RMS difference), well within the expected measurement uncertainty of 1%-3%. The poorer agreement in upwelling flux density (bias -3.7%, RMS 10%) is attributed to the use of inaccurate surface albedo data. The accurate, vertically resolved aerosol extinction data play an important role in tightening solar radiative flux density closure. This study also suggests that aircraft solar radiative flux density measurements from a stabilized platform have the potential to determine solar heating rate profiles. These measurement-based heating rate profiles provide useful data for heating rate closure studies and indirect estimates of single-scattering albedo assumed in radiative transfer calculations. C1 [Guan, Hong; Bergstrom, Robert] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. [Bucholtz, Anthony] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Schmid, Beat] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Guan, H (reprint author), Bay Area Environm Res Inst, 560 3rd St W, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. EM hong.guan-1@nasa.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division; Greenwood Aviation at Ponca City Airport; DOE ARM FX The ARM Program is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division. The success of the AIOP was due to the hard work and dedicated efforts of a large team of scientists and investigators from national laboratories and universities; CIRPAS Twin Otter and Cessna pilots, crew, and support personnel; SGP site personnel; ARM infrastructure support; the weather forecaster; and support from Greenwood Aviation at Ponca City Airport. We thank ARM for the support of this IOP. The research efforts presented here were funded through DOE ARM grants to BAERI and PNNL. NR 56 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 31 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D06209 DI 10.1029/2009JD012907 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 578SK UT WOS:000276315400002 ER PT J AU Vugmeyster, L Ostrovsky, D Ford, JJ Lipton, AS AF Vugmeyster, Liliya Ostrovsky, Dmitry Ford, Joseph J. Lipton, Andrew S. TI Freezing of Dynamics of a Methyl Group in a Protein Hydrophobic Core at Cryogenic Temperatures by Deuteron NMR Spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE NMR; SPIN-LATTICE-RELAXATION; GLASS-TRANSITION; VILLIN HEADPIECE; GROUP ROTATION; HEAT-CAPACITY; MAS NMR; DISTRIBUTIONS; SUBDOMAIN AB Methyl groups are thought to dominate the dynamics of proteins after slow collective modes of motion freeze out in a glass-transition process. In this work we investigate methyl group dynamics of a key hydrophobic core leucine residue in chicken villin headpiece subdomain protein at 140-4 K using deuteron NMR longitudinal relaxation measurements. A distinct increase in the apparent activation energy is observed at similar to 95 K, indicating an abrupt freezing of methyl group dynamics. Relaxation times at temperatures below 60 K are dominated by the deuteron tunneling mechanism. C1 [Vugmeyster, Liliya; Ostrovsky, Dmitry] Univ Alaska, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Ford, Joseph J.; Lipton, Andrew S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Vugmeyster, L (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM aflv@uaa.alaska.edu FU University of Alaska [104110]; Research Corporation for Science Advancement FX We are indebted to Jesse Sears for technical assistance and Prof. Robert Vold for providing an extended version of the EXPRESS simulation program and useful discussions. This research was performed using EMSL, a national user facility located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. L.V. is supported by University of Alaska funds 104110 and an award from Research Corporation for Science Advancement. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 31 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 12 BP 4038 EP + DI 10.1021/ja909599k PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 574RE UT WOS:000276009500004 PM 20201523 ER PT J AU Neupane, B Dang, NC Acharya, K Reppert, M Zazubovich, V Picorel, R Seibert, M Jankowiak, R AF Neupane, Bhanu Dang, Nhan C. Acharya, Khem Reppert, Mike Zazubovich, Valter Picorel, Rafael Seibert, Michael Jankowiak, Ryszard TI Insight into the Electronic Structure of the CP47 Antenna Protein Complex of Photosystem II: Hole Burning and Fluorescence Study SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE FLUORESCENCE; CORE ANTENNA; ENERGY-TRANSFER; REACTION CENTERS; GREEN PLANTS; STATES; RESOLUTION; DYNAMICS; KINETICS; TRAP AB We report low temperature (7) optical spectra of the isolated CP47 antenna complex from Photosystem II (PSII) with a low-T fluorescence emission maximum near 695 nm and not, as previously reported, at 690-693 nm. The latter emission is suggested to result from three distinct bands: a lowest-state emission band near 695 nm (labeled F1) originating from the lowest-energy excitonic state A1 of intact complexes (located near 693 nm and characterized by very weak oscillator strength) as well as emission peaks near 691 nm (FT1) and 685 nm (FT2) originating from subpopulations of partly destabilized complexes. The observation of the F1 emission is in excellent agreement with the 695 nm emission observed in intact PSII cores and thylakoid membranes. We argue that the band near 684 nm previously observed in singlet-minus-triplet spectra originates from a subpopulation of partially destabilized complexes with lowest-energy traps located near 684 nm in absorption (referred to as AT2) giving rise to FT2 emission. It is demonstrated that varying contributions from the F1, FT1, and FT2 emission bands led to different maxima of fluorescence spectra reported in the literature. The fluorescence spectra are consistent with the zero-phonon hole action spectra obtained in absorption mode, the profiles of the nonresonantly burned holes as a function of fluence, as well as the fluorescence line-narrowed spectra obtained for the Q(y) band. The lowest Q(y) state in absorption band (A1) is characterized by an electron-phonon coupling with the Huang-Rhys factor S of similar to 1 and an inhomogeneous width of similar to 180 cm(-1). The mean phonon frequency of the A1 band is 20 cm(-1). In contrast to previous observations, intact isolated CP47 reveals negligible contribution from the triplet-bottleneck hole, i.e., the AT2 trap. It has been shown that Chls in intact CP47 are connected via efficient excitation energy transfer to the A1 trap near 693 nm and that the position of the fluorescence maximum depends on the burn fluence. That is, the 695 nm fluorescence maximum shifts blue with increasing fluence, in agreement with nonresonant hole burned spectra. The above findings provide important constraints and parameters for future excitonic calculations, which in turn should offer new insight into the excitonic structure and composition of low-energy absorption traps. C1 [Neupane, Bhanu; Dang, Nhan C.; Acharya, Khem; Reppert, Mike; Jankowiak, Ryszard] Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Zazubovich, Valter] Concordia Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H4B 1R6, Canada. [Picorel, Rafael; Seibert, Michael] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Picorel, Rafael] CSIC, Estac Expt Aula, Zaragoza 50059, Spain. RP Jankowiak, R (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM ryszard@ksu.edu RI PICOREL, RAFAEL/K-7930-2014 OI PICOREL, RAFAEL/0000-0003-3791-129X FU U.S. Department of Energy (US-DOE) EPSCoR [DE-FG02-08ER46504, DE-AC36-08GO28308]; PN I+D+I of Spain [AGL2008-00377]; NSERC FX This work was performed at K-State and was supported by a U.S. Department of Energy (US-DOE) EPSCoR grant (R.J.) (DE-FG02-08ER46504) and the supplements from the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (US-DOE) and the Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation. Partial support was also provided by the Office of Science, US-DOE (M.S.; NREL Contract DE-AC36-08GO28308), and the PN I+D+I of Spain (R.P.; AGL2008-00377). V.Z. acknowledges support by NSERC Discovery Grant. NR 46 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 31 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 12 BP 4214 EP 4229 DI 10.1021/ja908510w PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 574RE UT WOS:000276009500047 PM 20218564 ER PT J AU Cha, W Song, S Jeong, NC Harder, R Yoon, KB Robinson, IK Kim, H AF Cha, Wonsuk Song, Sanghoon Jeong, Nak Cheon Harder, Ross Yoon, Kyung Byung Robinson, Ian K. Kim, Hyunjung TI Exploration of crystal strains using coherent x-ray diffraction SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ZEOLITE; ARRAYS; ZSM-5 AB We measured coherent x-ray diffraction (CXD) on zeolite microcrystals in order to gain information on internal density distribution and to learn more about the strain developed during the synthesis and attachment process on the substrate. From the distortion and asymmetry of the diffraction pattern on the (020) Bragg peak, the strain field distribution is estimated. We inverted the diffraction patterns from a less strained crystal to obtain the three-dimensional image of the shape and internal strain fields using the error reduction and hybrid input-output phase retrieval algorithms. We also show a few examples of characteristic distortion modes relevant to CXD of zeolites. C1 [Cha, Wonsuk; Kim, Hyunjung] Sogang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 121742, South Korea. [Song, Sanghoon; Yoon, Kyung Byung; Kim, Hyunjung] Sogang Univ, Interdisciplinary Program Integrated Biotechnol, Seoul 121742, South Korea. [Jeong, Nak Cheon; Yoon, Kyung Byung] Sogang Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 121742, South Korea. [Harder, Ross] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Robinson, Ian K.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1H 0AH, England. [Robinson, Ian K.] Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England. RP Kim, H (reprint author), Sogang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 121742, South Korea. EM hkim@sogang.ac.kr RI Jeong, Nak Cheon/L-4082-2016 OI Jeong, Nak Cheon/0000-0003-3320-5750 FU Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2009-0053982, R15-2008-006-01001-0]; Seoul Research and Business Development [10816]; Sogang University Research; ERC FP7 Advanced; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (nos 2009-0053982 and R15-2008-006-01001-0), Seoul Research and Business Development Program (10816), Sogang University Research Grant (2009) and an ERC FP7 Advanced Grant. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD MAR 31 PY 2010 VL 12 AR 035022 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/12/3/035022 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 579EE UT WOS:000276349600021 ER PT J AU Favre-Nicolin, V Mastropietro, F Eymery, J Camacho, D Niquet, YM Borg, BM Messing, ME Wernersson, LE Algra, RE Bakkers, EPAM Metzger, TH Harder, R Robinson, IK AF Favre-Nicolin, V. Mastropietro, F. Eymery, J. Camacho, D. Niquet, Y. M. Borg, B. M. Messing, M. E. Wernersson, L-E Algra, R. E. Bakkers, E. P. A. M. Metzger, T. H. Harder, R. Robinson, I. K. TI Analysis of strain and stacking faults in single nanowires using Bragg coherent diffraction imaging SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; III-V NANOWIRES; TWINNING SUPERLATTICES; PHASE RETRIEVAL; GROWTH; HETEROSTRUCTURES; ENERGY; ALGORITHM; DIFFUSION; CRYSTALS AB Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) on Bragg reflections is a promising technique for the study of three-dimensional (3D) composition and strain fields in nanostructures, which can be recovered directly from the coherent diffraction data recorded on single objects. In this paper, we report results obtained for single homogeneous and heterogeneous nanowires with a diameter smaller than 100 nm, for which we used CDI to retrieve information about deformation and faults existing in these wires. We also discuss the influence of stacking faults, which can create artefacts during the reconstruction of the nanowire shape and deformation. C1 [Favre-Nicolin, V.; Mastropietro, F.; Eymery, J.; Camacho, D.; Niquet, Y. M.] CEA, INAC, SP2M, F-38054 Grenoble, France. [Favre-Nicolin, V.] Univ Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France. [Mastropietro, F.; Metzger, T. H.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Borg, B. M.; Messing, M. E.; Wernersson, L-E] Lund Univ, Dept Solid State Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Algra, R. E.] Mat Innovat Inst M2i, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands. [Algra, R. E.; Bakkers, E. P. A. M.] Philips Res Labs, NL-5656 AE Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Algra, R. E.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMM, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Harder, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Robinson, I. K.] UCL, London Ctr Nanotechnol, London WC1H 0AH, England. [Robinson, I. K.] Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England. RP Favre-Nicolin, V (reprint author), CEA, INAC, SP2M, F-38054 Grenoble, France. EM Vincent.Favre-Nicolin@cea.fr RI Messing, Maria/D-5546-2009; Niquet, Yann-Michel/B-9005-2008; Borg, Mattias/A-8205-2008; Favre-Nicolin, Vincent/A-6685-2017; Eymery, Joel/A-9839-2009 OI Messing, Maria/0000-0003-1834-236X; Borg, Mattias/0000-0003-1217-369X; Favre-Nicolin, Vincent/0000-0003-0801-6712; Eymery, Joel/0000-0002-4216-1166 FU EU [NODE 015783] FX This work has been partially performed under the EU program NODE 015783. We thank the ID01 staff (P Boesecke, O Bikondoa, G Carbone and A Diaz) for their help during the ESRF experiments and both the ESRF and the APS for providing beamtime for the experiments. NR 59 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 43 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD MAR 31 PY 2010 VL 12 AR 035013 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/12/3/035013 PG 17 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 579EE UT WOS:000276349600012 ER PT J AU Fluerasu, A Kwasniewski, P Caronna, C Destremaut, F Salmon, JB Madsen, A AF Fluerasu, Andrei Kwasniewski, Pawel Caronna, Chiara Destremaut, Fanny Salmon, Jean-Baptiste Madsen, Anders TI Dynamics and rheology under continuous shear flow studied by x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING AB X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) has emerged as a unique technique allowing the measurement of dynamics of materials on mesoscopic lengthscales. One of the most common problems associated with the use of bright x-ray beams is beam-induced radiation damage, and this is likely to become an even more limiting factor at future synchrotron and free-electron laser sources. Flowing the sample during data acquisition is one of the simplest methods allowing the radiation damage to be limited. In addition to distributing the dose over many different scatterers, the method also enables new functionalities such as time-resolved studies. Here, we further develop a recently proposed experimental technique that combines XPCS and continuously flowing samples. More specifically, we use a model colloidal suspension to show how the macroscopic advective response to flow and the microscopic dissipative dynamics (diffusion) can be quantified from the x-ray data. Our results show very good quantitative agreement with a Poisseuille-flow hydrodynamical model combined with Brownian mechanics. The method has many potential applications, e. g. in the study of dynamics of glasses and gels under continuous shear/flow, protein aggregation processes and the interplay between dynamics and rheology in complex fluids. C1 [Fluerasu, Andrei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kwasniewski, Pawel; Caronna, Chiara; Madsen, Anders] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Troika ID10, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Destremaut, Fanny; Salmon, Jean-Baptiste] CNRS Rhodia Bordeaux 1, LOF, UMR 5258, F-33608 Pessac, France. RP Fluerasu, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM fluerasu@bnl.gov RI Salmon, Jean-Baptiste/D-2662-2009 OI Salmon, Jean-Baptiste/0000-0001-9825-5113 NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 26 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD MAR 31 PY 2010 VL 12 AR 035023 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/12/3/035023 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 579EE UT WOS:000276349600022 ER PT J AU Harder, R Liang, M Sun, Y Xia, Y Robinson, IK AF Harder, R. Liang, M. Sun, Y. Xia, Y. Robinson, I. K. TI Imaging of complex density in silver nanocubes by coherent x-ray diffraction SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHASE RETRIEVAL; STRAIN AB When using coherent x-rays to perform lensless imaging, it is the complex wave field exiting the sample or, in the case of the Bragg geometry, the deformed electron density distribution of a crystal, that is being sought. For most samples, to some extent, the image will be complex, containing both an amplitude and phase variation across the sample. We have developed versions of the hybrid input-output (HIO) and error reduction (ER) algorithms that are very robust for the inversion to complex objects from three-dimensional (3D) coherent x-ray diffraction (CXD) data measured around a Bragg spot of a small crystal. The development and behavior of these algorithms will be discussed in the context of inverting a 3D CXD pattern measured around a (111) Bragg spot of a silver nanocube. C1 [Harder, R.] Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Liang, M.] DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Sun, Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Xia, Y.] Washington Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Robinson, I. K.] UCL, London Ctr Nanotechnol, London WC1H 0AH, England. [Robinson, I. K.] Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England. RP Harder, R (reprint author), Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rharder@aps.anl.gov RI Sun, Yugang /A-3683-2010 OI Sun, Yugang /0000-0001-6351-6977 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; US National Science Foundation [DMR-9724294] FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The CXD instrument at Advanced Photon Source beamline 34ID-C was built with the US National Science Foundation grant DMR-9724294. Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 18 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD MAR 31 PY 2010 VL 12 AR 035019 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/12/3/035019 PG 16 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 579EE UT WOS:000276349600018 ER PT J AU Saldin, DK Shneerson, VL Howells, MR Marchesini, S Chapman, HN Bogan, M Shapiro, D Kirian, RA Weierstall, U Schmidt, KE Spence, JCH AF Saldin, D. K. Shneerson, V. L. Howells, M. R. Marchesini, S. Chapman, H. N. Bogan, M. Shapiro, D. Kirian, R. A. Weierstall, U. Schmidt, K. E. Spence, J. C. H. TI Structure of a single particle from scattering by many particles randomly oriented about an axis: toward structure solution without crystallization? SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; RECONSTRUCTION AB In this paper is demonstrated a complete algorithm for determining the electron density of an individual particle from diffraction patterns of many particles, randomly oriented about a single axis. The algorithm operates on angular correlations among the measured intensity distributions. We also demonstrate the ability to recover the angular correlation functions of a single particle from measured diffraction patterns. C1 [Saldin, D. K.; Shneerson, V. L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Howells, M. R.; Marchesini, S.; Shapiro, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chapman, H. N.] DESY, Ctr Free Elect Laser Sci, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Chapman, H. N.] Univ Hamburg, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Bogan, M.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Shapiro, D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kirian, R. A.; Weierstall, U.; Schmidt, K. E.; Spence, J. C. H.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. RP Saldin, DK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. EM dksaldin@uwm.edu RI Kirian, Richard/M-3750-2013; Marchesini, Stefano/A-6795-2009; Chapman, Henry/G-2153-2010; Weierstall, Uwe/B-3568-2011 OI Bogan, Michael J./0000-0001-9318-3333; Kirian, Richard/0000-0001-7197-3086; Chapman, Henry/0000-0002-4655-1743; FU US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0002141, DE-AC02-76F00515, DE-AC03-76SF00098]; NSF [MCB-0919195]; NSF Center for Biophotonics Science and Technology; [DE-FG02-06-ER46277]; [DE-FG03-02ER45996] FX DKS and JCHS jointly acknowledge support for the present work from the US Department of Energy (DOE) grant DE-SC0002141, UW, KES and JCHS from NSF grant MCB-0919195, DKS from DE-FG02-06-ER46277 and the UWM Research Growth Initiative and JCHS from DE-FG03-02ER45996 and the NSF Center for Biophotonics Science and Technology. Part of the work was funded by the DOE at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory under contract number DE-AC02-76F00515. The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Advanced Light Source facility are supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division of the DOE, under contract no. DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 17 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD MAR 31 PY 2010 VL 12 AR 035014 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/12/3/035014 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 579EE UT WOS:000276349600013 ER PT J AU Seu, KA Su, R Roy, S Parks, D Shipton, E Fullerton, EE Kevan, SD AF Seu, K. A. Su, R. Roy, S. Parks, D. Shipton, E. Fullerton, E. E. Kevan, S. D. TI Microscopic return point memory in Co/Pd multilayer films SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RAY; SCATTERING AB We report soft x-ray speckle metrology measurements of microscopic return point and complementary point memory in Co/Pd magnetic films having perpendicular anisotropy. We observe that the domains assemble into a common labyrinth phase with a period that varies by nearly a factor of two between initial reversal and fields near saturation. Unlike previous studies of similar systems, the ability of the film to reproduce its domain structure after magnetic cycling through saturation varies from loop to loop, from position to position on the sample, and with the part of the speckle pattern used in the metrology measurements. We report the distribution of memory as a function of field and discuss these results in terms of the reversal process. C1 [Seu, K. A.; Su, R.; Parks, D.; Kevan, S. D.] Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Seu, K. A.; Roy, S.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shipton, E.; Fullerton, E. E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Seu, KA (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM sroy@lbl.gov RI Kevan, Stephen/F-6415-2010; Fullerton, Eric/H-8445-2013 OI Kevan, Stephen/0000-0002-4621-9142; Fullerton, Eric/0000-0002-4725-9509 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0506241]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant number DMR-0506241. This work at ALS/LBNL was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD MAR 31 PY 2010 VL 12 AR 035009 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/12/3/035009 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 579EE UT WOS:000276349600008 ER PT J AU Jeyakanthan, J Drevland, RM Gayathri, DR Velmurugan, D Shinkai, A Kuramitsu, S Yokoyama, S Graham, DE AF Jeyakanthan, Jeyaraman Drevland, Randy M. Gayathri, Dasara Raju Velmurugan, Devadasan Shinkai, Akeo Kuramitsu, Seiki Yokoyama, Shigeyuki Graham, David E. TI Substrate Specificity Determinants of the Methanogen Homoaconitase Enzyme: Structure and Function of the Small Subunit SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BETA-DECARBOXYLATING DEHYDROGENASE; LYSINE BIOSYNTHESIS; HOMOISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE; THERMUS-THERMOPHILUS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CATALYTIC PROMISCUITY; PYROCOCCUS-HORIKOSHII; ACONITASE; ISOCITRATE; PATHWAY AB The aconitase family of hydro-lyase enzymes includes three classes of proteins that catalyze the isomerization of alpha-hydroxy acids to beta-hydroxy acids. Besides aconitase, isopropylmalate isomerase (IPMI) proteins specifically catalyze the isomerization of alpha,beta-dicarboxylates with hydrophobic gamma-chain groups, and homoaconitase (HACN) proteins catalyze the isomerization of tricarboxylates with variable chain length gamma-carboxylate groups. These enzymes' stereospecific hydro-lyase activities make them attractive catalysts to produce diastereomers from unsaturated precursors. However, sequence similarity and convergent evolution among these proteins lead to widespread misannotation and uncertainty about gene function. To Find the substrate specificity determinants of homologous IPMI and HACN proteins from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, the small-subunit HACN protein (MJ1271) was crystallized for X-ray diffraction. The Structural model showed characteristic residues in a flexible loop region between alpha 2 and alpha 3 that distinguish HACN from IPMI and aconitase proteins. Site-directed mutagenesis of MJ1271 produced loop-region variant proteins that were reconstituted with wild-type MJ1003 large-subunit protein. The heteromers formed promiscuous hydro-lyases with reduced activity but broader substrate specificity. Both R26K and R26V variants formed relatively efficient IPMI enzymes, while the T27A variant had uniformly lower specificity constants for both IPMI and HACN substrates. The R26V T27Y variant resembles the MJ1277 IPMI small subunit in its flexible loop sequence but demonstrated the broad substrate specificity of the R26V variant. These mutations may reverse the evolution of HACN activity from an ancestral IPMI gene, demonstrating the evolutionary potential for promiscuity in hydro-lyase enzymes. Understanding these specificity determinants enables the functional reannotation of paralogous HACN and IPMI genes in numerous genome sequences. These structural and kinetic results will help to engineer new stereospecific hydro-lyase enzymes for chemoenzymatic syntheses. C1 [Drevland, Randy M.; Graham, David E.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Jeyakanthan, Jeyaraman] Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Life Sci Grp, Hsinch 30076, Taiwan. [Gayathri, Dasara Raju; Velmurugan, Devadasan] Univ Madras, Ctr Adv Study Crystallog & Biophys, Madras 600025, Tamil Nadu, India. [Shinkai, Akeo; Kuramitsu, Seiki] RIKEN SPring 8 Ctr, Harima Inst, Sayo, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. [Kuramitsu, Seiki] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Yokohama, Kanagawa 5600043, Japan. [Yokoyama, Shigeyuki] RIKEN Syst & Struct Biol Ctr, Yokohama Inst, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan. [Yokoyama, Shigeyuki] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Graham, David E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Graham, DE (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM grahamde@ornl.gov RI Graham, David/F-8578-2010; Shinkai, Akeo/E-8354-2013 OI Graham, David/0000-0001-8968-7344; Shinkai, Akeo/0000-0002-9867-0832 FU RIKEN Structural Genomic/Proteomics Initiative (RSGI); National Project on Protein Structural and Functional Analyses; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan; National Science Foundation [MCB-0817903]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research; Faraday Fellowship; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The present work was supported by the RIKEN Structural Genomic/Proteomics Initiative (RSGI), the National Project on Protein Structural and Functional Analyses, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan, National Science Foundation Grant MCB-0817903. and U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research. R.M.D. Was supported in part by a Faraday Fellowship. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAR 30 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 12 BP 2687 EP 2696 DI 10.1021/bi901766z PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 572UG UT WOS:000275858400008 PM 20170198 ER PT J AU Xu, TF Kharaka, YK Doughty, C Freifeld, BM Daley, TM AF Xu, Tianfu Kharaka, Yousif K. Doughty, Christine Freifeld, Barry M. Daley, Thomas M. TI Reactive transport modeling to study changes in water chemistry induced by CO2 injection at the Frio-I Brine Pilot SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CO2 sequestration; Frio Formation; Water chemistry; Iron release; Reactive transport modeling ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; ROCK INTERACTIONS; GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; GEOCHEMICAL TRANSPORT; AQUIFER DISPOSAL; GREENHOUSE GASES; SALINE AQUIFERS; SIMULATION AB To demonstrate the potential for geologic storage of CO2 in saline aquifers, the Frio-I Brine Pilot was conducted, during which 1600 tons of CO2 were injected into a high-permeability sandstone and the resulting subsurface plume of CO2 was monitored using a variety of hydrogeological, geophysical, and geochemical techniques. Fluid samples were obtained before CO2 injection for baseline geochemical characterization, during the CO2 injection to track its breakthrough at a nearby observation well, and after injection to investigate changes in fluid composition and potential leakage into an overlying zone. Following CO2 breakthrough at the observation well, brine samples showed sharp drops in pH, pronounced increases in HCO3- and aqueous Fe, and significant shifts in the isotopic compositions of H2O and dissolved inorganic carbon. Based on a calibrated 1-D radial flow model, reactive transport modeling was performed for the Frio-I Brine Pilot. A simple kinetic model of Fe release from the solid to aqueous phase was developed, which can reproduce the observed increases in aqueous Fe concentration. Brine samples collected after half a year had lower Fe concentrations due to carbonate precipitation, and this trend can be also captured by our modeling. The paper provides a method for estimating potential mobile Fe inventory, and its bounding concentration in the storage formation from limited observation data. Long-term simulations show that the CO2 plume gradually spreads outward due to capillary forces, and the gas saturation gradually decreases due to its dissolution and precipitation of carbonates. The gas phase is predicted to disappear after 500 years. Elevated aqueous CO2 concentrations remain for a longer time, but eventually decrease due to carbonate precipitation. For the Frio-I Brine Pilot, all injected CO2 could ultimately be sequestered as carbonate minerals. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Tianfu; Doughty, Christine; Freifeld, Barry M.; Daley, Thomas M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kharaka, Yousif K.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Xu, TF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tianfu_xu@lbl.gov RI Freifeld, Barry/F-3173-2010; Daley, Thomas/G-3274-2015; Doughty, Christine/G-2389-2015 OI Daley, Thomas/0000-0001-9445-0843; NR 55 TC 91 Z9 93 U1 3 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD MAR 30 PY 2010 VL 271 IS 3-4 BP 153 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.01.006 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 582JI UT WOS:000276592800006 ER PT J AU Lee, S Poet, TS Smith, JN Busby-Hjerpe, AL Timchalk, C AF Lee, Sookwang Poet, Torka S. Smith, Jordan N. Busby-Hjerpe, Andrea L. Timchalk, Charles TI Effect of in vivo nicotine exposure on chlorpyrifos pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in rats SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Chlorpyrifos; Organophosphorus pesticide; Metabolism; Nicotine; PBPK; Cholinesterase ID HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; INSECTICIDE CHLORPYRIFOS; BINARY-MIXTURE; METABOLISM; PARATHION; DIAZINON; OXON; 3,5,6-TRICHLORO-2-PYRIDINOL AB Routine use of tobacco products may modify physiological and metabolic functions, including drug metabolizing enzymes, which may impact the pharmacokinetics of environmental contaminants. Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphorus (OP) insecticide that is bioactivated to chlorpyrifos-oxon, and manifests its neurotoxicity by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of repeated nicotine exposure on the pharmacokinetics of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and its major metabolite, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy) in blood and urine and also to determine the impact on cholinesterase (ChE) activity in plasma and brain. Animals were exposed to 7-daily doses of either 1 mg nicotine/kg or saline, and to either a single oral dose of 35 mg CPF/kg or a repeated dose of 5 mg CPF/kg/day for 7 days. Groups of rats were then sacrificed at multiple time-points after receiving the last dose of CPF. Repeated nicotine and CPF exposures resulted in enhanced metabolism of CPF to TCPy, as evidenced by increases in the measured TCPy peak concentration and AUC in blood. However, there was no significant difference in the amount of TCPy (free or total) excreted in the urine within the first 24-h post last dose. The extent of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition was reduced due to nicotine co-exposure consistent with an increase in CYP450-mediated dearylation (detoxification) versus desulfuration. It was of interest to note that the impact of nicotine co-exposure was experimentally observed only after repeated CPF doses. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for CPF was used to simulate the effect of increasing the dearylation V(max) based upon previously conducted in vitro metabolism studies. Predicted CPF-oxon concentrations in blood and brain were lower following the expected V(max) increase in nicotine treated groups. These model results were consistent with the experimental data. The current study demonstrated that repeated nicotine exposure could alter CPF metabolism in vivo, resulting in altered brain AChE inhibition. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Sookwang; Poet, Torka S.; Smith, Jordan N.; Busby-Hjerpe, Andrea L.; Timchalk, Charles] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ctr Biol Monitoring & Modeling, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Timchalk, C (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ctr Biol Monitoring & Modeling, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM charles.timchalk@pnl.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) [R01-OH003629] FX We thank Dr. J. Campbell for valuable discussions and encouragement. The contents of this paper have not been subject to any review by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and therefore do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Agency. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and no public endorsement should be inferred. This work was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) [CDC/NIOSH grant (R01-OH003629) to Dr. Timchalk]. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0009-2797 J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT JI Chem.-Biol. Interact. PD MAR 30 PY 2010 VL 184 IS 3 BP 449 EP 457 DI 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.01.024 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 586OQ UT WOS:000276920400017 PM 20097188 ER PT J AU Steinbuck, JV Genin, A Monismith, SG Koseff, JR Holzman, R Labiosa, RG AF Steinbuck, Jonah V. Genin, Amatzia Monismith, Stephen G. Koseff, Jeffrey R. Holzman, Roi Labiosa, Rochelle G. TI Turbulent mixing in fine-scale phytoplankton layers: Observations and inferences of layer dynamics SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Turbulence; Mixing; Phytoplankton; Fine-scale layers; Thin layers ID RED-SEA; THIN-LAYERS; MARINE SYNECHOCOCCUS; STRATIFIED FLUID; TIDAL CYCLE; ELAT AQABA; NORTH-SEA; GULF; SHEAR; COMMUNITY AB Turbulence measurements in fine-scale phytoplankton layers ( 1 to 10 m) in the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea) were used to evaluate mechanisms of layer formation, maintenance, and breakdown. Simultaneous profiles of chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence and temperature microstructure were measured in the upper 40m of a 430m water column over a 16-d period, using a Self Contained Autonomous MicroProfiler (SCAMP). Layers of concentrated phytoplankton were identified in 95 of the 456 profiles. The layers were situated in density stratified regions between 15 and 38 m depth and were characterized by intensities of 0.1 to 0.35 mu g Chl aL(-1) (as much as two times background concentrations) and an average thickness of 10 m. We show that turbulent mixing and isopycnal displacements associated with internal waves modulated the thickness of the layers. Variations in mixing rates within layers were connected to the vertical structure of the stratified turbulence and the stage of layer development. The breakdown of a persistent phytoplankton layer was tied to strong turbulent mixing at the base of the surface mixed layer, which encroached on the layer from above. Hydrographic observations and scaling analysis suggest that the layers most likely formed in horizontal intrusions from the adjacent coastal region. The cross-shore propagation of phytoplankton-rich intrusions may have important implications for the trophic state of offshore planktonic communities. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Steinbuck, Jonah V.; Monismith, Stephen G.; Koseff, Jeffrey R.] Stanford Univ, Environm Fluid Mech Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Genin, Amatzia] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Interuniv Inst Marine Sci, H Steinitz Marine Biol Lab, IL-88103 Elat, Israel. [Holzman, Roi] Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Labiosa, Rochelle G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. RP Steinbuck, JV (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Environm Fluid Mech Lab, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM vittorio@stanford.edu FU US-Israel Binational Science Foundation [2004-264]; NATO Science for Peace Program [SFP 98220]; NDSEG fellowship; EPA STAR FX We thank M. Ohevia, M. Stacey, L. Walter, the Israel NMP, and volunteers from the IUI. We thank the reviewers for insightful comments that greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the US-Israel Binational Science Foundation (2004-264) and the NATO Science for Peace Program (SFP 98220). J.V.S. acknowledges support from a NDSEG fellowship and EPA STAR fellowship. NR 55 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAR 30 PY 2010 VL 30 IS 5 BP 442 EP 455 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2009.12.014 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 581TH UT WOS:000276547000005 ER PT J AU Switzer, EE Olson, TS Datye, AK Atanassov, P Hibbs, MR Fujimoto, C Cornelius, CJ AF Switzer, Elise E. Olson, Tim S. Datye, Abhaya K. Atanassov, Plamen Hibbs, Michael R. Fujimoto, Cy Cornelius, Christopher J. TI Novel KOH-free anion-exchange membrane fuel cell: Performance comparison of alternative anion-exchange ionomers in catalyst ink SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Alkaline fuel cell; Anion-exchange membrane; Anion-exchange ionomer; Membrane electrode assembly; KOH free ID POLYMERIZATION; TEMPERATURE; INTERFACE AB Alkaline membrane electrode assemblies (ME:As) were fabricated and tested in 5 cm(2) single cell configuration. The fuel cell tests were preformed in the absence of any liquid electrolyte, such as KOH. This study shows fuel cell polarization curves for alkaline membrane fuel cell (AMFC) systems that were fabricated with novel anion-exchange ionomers. A comparison of two novel anion-exchange ionomers incorporated into the catalyst ink was achieved by comparing the performance under H(2)/O(2) and H(2)/air operating conditions. The results presented here indicate that the chemical and physical properties of the recast anion-exchange ionomer that is utilized in AMFC catalyst layers directly influence the obtainable fuel cell performance. It is shown that ionomer materials that are less prone to swelling from hydration and tend to pack closely together in the solid state will result in stronger catalyst-ionomer interfacial interactions. The O(2) transport properties in alkaline MEA cathodes are influenced by the resulting void volume of the electrode as defined by the structure and packing arrangement of the recast ionomer molecules. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Switzer, Elise E.; Olson, Tim S.; Datye, Abhaya K.; Atanassov, Plamen] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hibbs, Michael R.; Fujimoto, Cy] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Cornelius, Christopher J.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Inst Crit Technol & Appl Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Atanassov, P (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM plamen@unm.edu RI Atanassov, Plamen/G-4616-2011; OI Datye, Abhaya/0000-0002-7126-8659 NR 19 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD MAR 30 PY 2010 VL 55 IS 9 BP 3404 EP 3408 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.12.073 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 584MY UT WOS:000276757500051 ER PT J AU Larson, MR Rajashankar, KR Patel, MH Robinette, RA Crowley, PJ Michalek, S Brady, LJ Deivanayagam, C AF Larson, Matthew R. Rajashankar, Kanagalaghatta R. Patel, Manisha H. Robinette, Rebekah A. Crowley, Paula J. Michalek, Suzanne Brady, L. Jeannine Deivanayagam, Champion TI Elongated fibrillar structure of a streptococcal adhesin assembled by the high-affinity association of alpha- and PPII-helices SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE bacterial adhesion; dental caries; Streptococcus; x-ray crystallography; fibrous proteins ID SURFACE PROTEIN ANTIGEN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SALIVARY AGGLUTININ; CELL-SURFACE; MUTANS STREPTOCOCCI; ORAL STREPTOCOCCI; BINDING DOMAINS; II HELIX; I/II; IDENTIFICATION AB Streptococcus mutans antigen I/II (AgI/II) is a cell surface-localized protein adhesin that interacts with salivary components within the salivary pellicle. AgI/II contributes to virulence and has been studied as an immunological and structural target, but a fundamental understanding of its underlying architecture has been lacking. Here we report a high-resolution (1.8 angstrom) crystal structure of the A(3)VP(1) fragment of S. mutans AgI/II that demonstrates a unique fibrillar form (155 angstrom) through the interaction of two noncontiguous regions in the primary sequence. The A(3) repeat of the alanine-rich domain adopts an extended alpha-helix that intertwines with the P(1) repeat polyproline type II (PPII) helix to form a highly extended stalk-like structure heretofore unseen in prokaryotic or eukaryotic protein structures. Velocity sedimentation studies indicate that full-length AgI/II that contains three A/P repeats extends over 50 nanometers in length. Isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that the high-affinity association between the A3 and P1 helices is enthalpically driven. Two distinct binding sites on AgI/ II to the host receptor salivary agglutinin (SAG) were identified by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The current crystal structure reveals that AgI/ II family proteins are extended fibrillar structures with the number of alanine-and proline-rich repeats determining their length. C1 [Patel, Manisha H.; Deivanayagam, Champion] Univ Alabama, Ctr Biophys Sci & Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Larson, Matthew R.] Univ Alabama, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Rajashankar, Kanagalaghatta R.] Argonne Natl Lab, NE Collaborat Access Team, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Robinette, Rebekah A.; Crowley, Paula J.; Brady, L. Jeannine] Univ Florida, Dept Oral Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Michalek, Suzanne] Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Deivanayagam, Champion] Univ Alabama, Dept Vis Sci, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Deivanayagam, C (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Biophys Sci & Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM champy@cbse.uab.edu FU National Institutes of Health (NIH)-National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) [RO1 DE017737, R01 DE013882]; DART [NIDCR T-32 DE0176707] FX The authors thank Dr. Irina Protassevitch and Dr. Christie Brouillette for ITC, CD, and BIAcore studies, and Dr. Peter Prevelige for the analytical ultracentrifugation studies. M.L. and C.D. thank the University of Alabama at Birmingham-Comprehensive Cancer Center X-Ray core and Northeastern Collaborative Access Team facility at Advanced Photon Source/Argonne National Laboratory. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH)-National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) grants RO1 DE017737 (to C.D.) and R01 DE013882 (to L.J.B.) and by the DART Training Grant NIDCR T-32 DE0176707 (to M.L.). NR 50 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 30 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 13 BP 5983 EP 5988 DI 10.1073/pnas.0912293107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 576QA UT WOS:000276159500053 PM 20231452 ER PT J AU Chen, P Podraza, NJ Xu, XS Melville, A Vlahos, E Gopalan, V Ramesh, R Schlom, DG Musfeldt, JL AF Chen, P. Podraza, N. J. Xu, X. S. Melville, A. Vlahos, E. Gopalan, V. Ramesh, R. Schlom, D. G. Musfeldt, J. L. TI Optical properties of quasi-tetragonal BiFeO3 thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE bismuth compounds; charge exchange; dielectric thin films; epitaxial growth; spectral line shift ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; FERROELECTRICITY; POLARIZATION AB Optical transmission spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry were used to extract the optical properties of an epitaxially grown quasi-tetragonal BiFeO3 thin film in the near infrared to near ultraviolet range. The absorption spectrum is overall blue shifted compared with that of rhombohedral BiFeO3, with an absorption onset near 2.25 eV, a direct 3.1 eV band gap, and charge transfer excitations that are similar to 0.4 eV higher than those of the rhombohedral counterpart. We interpret these results in terms of structural strain and local symmetry breaking. C1 [Chen, P.; Xu, X. S.; Musfeldt, J. L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Podraza, N. J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Melville, A.; Schlom, D. G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Vlahos, E.; Gopalan, V.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM pchen@ion.chem.utk.edu RI Xu, Xiaoshan/B-1255-2009; Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013 OI Xu, Xiaoshan/0000-0002-4363-392X; Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113 FU U.S. DOE [DE-FG02-01ER45885, DE-AC02-05CH1123]; NSF [DMR-0820404, DMR0908718]; ARO [W911NF-08-2-0032] FX This work was supported by the U.S. DOE (Grant Nos. DE-FG02-01ER45885 at UT and DE-AC02-05CH1123 at Berkeley), NSF (Grant Nos. DMR-0820404 and DMR0908718 at PSU and CU), and ARO (Grant No. W911NF-08-2-0032 at CU). We thank H. M. Tutuncu for useful discussions. NR 29 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 7 U2 57 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 29 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 13 AR 131907 DI 10.1063/1.3364133 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 578EC UT WOS:000276275300028 ER PT J AU Feng, J Engelhorn, K Cho, BI Lee, HJ Greaves, M Weber, CP Falcone, RW Padmore, HA Heimann, PA AF Feng, J. Engelhorn, K. Cho, B. I. Lee, H. J. Greaves, M. Weber, C. P. Falcone, R. W. Padmore, H. A. Heimann, P. A. TI A grazing incidence x-ray streak camera for ultrafast, single-shot measurements SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE jitter; photocathodes; solenoids; streak cameras; X-ray applications ID PHOTOCATHODES; RESOLUTION; GOLD AB An ultrafast x-ray streak camera has been realized using a grazing incidence reflection photocathode. X-rays are incident on a gold photocathode at a grazing angle of 20 degrees and photoemitted electrons are focused by a large aperture magnetic solenoid lens. The streak camera has high quantum efficiency, 600 fs temporal resolution, and 6 mm imaging length in the spectral direction. Its single shot capability eliminates temporal smearing due to sweep jitter, and allows recording of the ultrafast dynamics of samples that undergo nonreversible changes. C1 [Feng, J.; Engelhorn, K.; Cho, B. I.; Lee, H. J.; Greaves, M.; Weber, C. P.; Falcone, R. W.; Padmore, H. A.; Heimann, P. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Feng, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fjun@lbl.gov RI Cho, Byoung-ick/A-6294-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors would like to thank D. Lowney, Z. Hao, and A. MacPhee for an early stage of the grazing incidence streak camera design, W. Wan for COSY calculation, and E. M. Gullikson and F. Salmassi for coating the photocathode. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 29 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 13 AR 134102 DI 10.1063/1.3371810 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 578EC UT WOS:000276275300084 ER PT J AU Liu, J Kareev, M Prosandeev, S Gray, B Ryan, P Freeland, JW Chakhalian, J AF Liu, Jian Kareev, M. Prosandeev, S. Gray, B. Ryan, P. Freeland, J. W. Chakhalian, J. TI Effect of polar discontinuity on the growth of LaNiO3/LaAlO3 superlattices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE electronic structure; lanthanum compounds; rough surfaces; superlattices; surface morphology; valency ID INTERFACES AB We have conducted a detailed microscopic investigation of [LaNiO3(1 u.c.)/LaAlO3(1 u.c.)](N) superlattices grown on (001) SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 to explore the influence of polar mismatch on the resulting electronic and structural properties. Our data demonstrate that the initial growth on the nonpolar SrTiO3 surface leads to a rough morphology and unusual 2+ valence of Ni in the initial LaNiO3 layer, which is not observed after growth on the polar surface of LaAlO3. A devised model suggests that the polar mismatch can be resolved if the perovskite layers grow with an excess of LaO, which also accounts for the observed electronic, chemical, and structural effects. C1 [Liu, Jian; Kareev, M.; Prosandeev, S.; Gray, B.; Chakhalian, J.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Ryan, P.; Freeland, J. W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM jx1026@uark.edu RI Liu, Jian/I-6746-2013; Chakhalian, Jak/F-2274-2015 OI Liu, Jian/0000-0001-7962-2547; FU DOD-ARO [040217291]; NSF [DMR-0747808]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DEAC02-06CH11357] FX The authors acknowledge fruitful discussions with A. Millis and D. Khomskii. J.C. was supported by DOD-ARO under the Grant No. 040217291 and NSF Grant No. DMR-0747808. Work at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science under Grant No. DEAC02-06CH11357. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 29 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 13 AR 133111 DI 10.1063/1.3371690 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 578EC UT WOS:000276275300057 ER PT J AU Roy, T Puzyrev, YS Tuttle, BR Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD Brown, DF Mishra, UK Pantelides, ST AF Roy, T. Puzyrev, Y. S. Tuttle, B. R. Fleetwood, D. M. Schrimpf, R. D. Brown, D. F. Mishra, U. K. Pantelides, S. T. TI Electrical-stress-induced degradation in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors grown under gallium-rich, nitrogen-rich, and ammonia-rich conditions SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE aluminium compounds; gallium compounds; high electron mobility transistors; III-V semiconductors; semiconductor device reliability; wide band gap semiconductors ID POWER PERFORMANCE; GAN; DEFECTS; HFETS; MBE AB We have evaluated the long-term electrical reliability of GaN/AlGaN high-electron-mobility transistors grown under Ga-rich, N-rich, and NH(3)-rich conditions. V(pinch-off) shifts positively after stress for devices grown under Ga-rich and N-rich conditions, while it shifts negatively for NH(3)-rich devices. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the hot-electron-induced release of hydrogen from hydrogenated Ga-vacancies is primarily responsible for the degradation of devices grown in Ga-rich and N-rich conditions, while hydrogenated N-antisites are the dominant defects causing degradation in devices grown under NH(3)-rich conditions. C1 [Roy, T.; Fleetwood, D. M.; Schrimpf, R. D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Puzyrev, Y. S.; Tuttle, B. R.; Fleetwood, D. M.; Pantelides, S. T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Tuttle, B. R.] Penn State Univ, Behrend Coll, Dept Phys, Erie, PA 16563 USA. [Brown, D. F.; Mishra, U. K.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Pantelides, S. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Roy, T (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM tania.roy@vanderbilt.edu RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013; Roy, Tania/M-6540-2015 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701; NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 29 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 13 AR 133503 DI 10.1063/1.3377004 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 578EC UT WOS:000276275300071 ER PT J AU Brake, MR Wickert, JA AF Brake, M. R. Wickert, J. A. TI Modal analysis of a continuous gyroscopic second-order system with nonlinear constraints SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID UP ELASTIC STOPS; MOTION CONSTRAINTS; LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS; FORCED OSCILLATOR; IMPACT RESPONSE; TRAVELING BEAM; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; MOVING WEBS; VIBRATION; DYNAMICS AB A method for the modal analysis of continuous gyroscopic systems with nonlinear constraints is developed. This method assumes that the nonlinear constraint can be expressed as a piecewise linear force-deflection profile located at an arbitrary position within the domain. Using this assumption, the mode shapes and natural frequencies are first found for each state, then a mapping method based on the inner product of the mode shapes is developed to map the displacement of the system between the in-contact and out-of-contact states. To illustrate this method, a model for the vibration of a traveling string in contact with a piecewise-linear constraint is developed as an analog of the interaction between magnetic tape and a guide in data storage systems. Five design parameters of the guide are considered: flange clearance, flange stiffness, symmetry of the force-deflection profile in terms of flange stiffness and offset, and the guide's position along the length of the string. There are critical bifurcation thresholds, below which the system exhibits no chaotic behavior and is dominated by period one, symmetric behavior, and above which the system contains asymmetric, higher periodic motion with windows of chaotic behavior. These bifurcation thresholds are particularly pronounced for the transport speed, flange clearance, symmetry of the force deflection profile, and guide position. The stability of the system is sensitive to the system's velocity, and, compared to stationary systems, more mode shapes are needed to accurately model the dynamics of the system. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Brake, M. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Mech Dev Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Wickert, J. A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Brake, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Mech Dev Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mrbrake@sandia.gov FU Information Storage Industry Consortium FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from the Information Storage Industry Consortium. The authors would also like to thank Carnegie Mellon University's Department of Mechanical Engineering, where this research was conducted, and Prof. Bill Messner for his feedback on drafts of this paper. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD MAR 29 PY 2010 VL 329 IS 7 BP 893 EP 911 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2009.10.004 PG 19 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 547UC UT WOS:000273913900010 ER PT J AU Marathe, S Kim, SS Kim, SN Kim, C Kang, HC Nickles, PV Noh, DY AF Marathe, Shashidhara Kim, S. S. Kim, S. N. Kim, Chan Kang, H. C. Nickles, P. V. Noh, D. Y. TI Coherent diffraction surface imaging in reflection geometry SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-RETRIEVAL; FOURIER-TRANSFORM; RECONSTRUCTION; OBJECT; MICROSCOPY; CONSTRAINT; MODULUS; SUPPORT; PATTERN AB We present a reflection based coherent diffraction imaging method which can be used to reconstruct a non periodic surface image from a diffraction amplitude measured in reflection geometry. Using a He-Ne laser, we demonstrated that a surface image can be reconstructed solely from the reflected intensity from a surface without relying on any prior knowledge of the sample object or the object support. The reconstructed phase image of the exit wave is particularly interesting since it can be used to obtain quantitative information of the surface depth profile or the phase change during the reflection process. We believe that this work will broaden the application areas of coherent diffraction imaging techniques using light sources with limited penetration depth. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Marathe, Shashidhara; Kim, S. N.; Kim, Chan; Nickles, P. V.; Noh, D. Y.] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn & Nanobio Mat & Elect, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. [Kim, S. S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kang, H. C.] Chosun Univ, Dept Adv Mat Engn, Kwangju 501759, South Korea. [Kang, H. C.] BK21 Educ Ctr Mould Technol Adv Mat & Parts, Kwangju 501759, South Korea. RP Marathe, S (reprint author), Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn & Nanobio Mat & Elect, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. EM dynoh@gist.ac.kr FU National Core Research Center [R15-2008-006-000000]; National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea [R31-2008-000-10026-0]; GIST FX This work was supported by National Core Research Center grant ( No. R15-2008-006-000000) and by World Class University program (R31-2008-000-10026-0) grant provided by National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea. We also acknowledge the support from GIST through 'Photonics 2010' project. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 29 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 7 BP 7253 EP 7262 DI 10.1364/OE.18.007253 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 582MP UT WOS:000276602000081 PM 20389746 ER PT J AU Liu, B Liu, Y Braiman, Y AF Liu, B. Liu, Y. Braiman, Y. TI Coherent beam combining of high power broad-area laser diode array with a closed-V-shape external Talbot cavity SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-LOBED BEAM; BAR; BANDWIDTH; NM; REDUCTION; EMISSION; FEEDBACK; CW AB We have coherently combined a high-power broad-area laser diode array by using a feedback loop closed off-axis external Talbot cavity. The off-axis feedback from two gratings provides transverse-mode control of broad-area lasers. The Talbot configuration of the external cavity implements diffractive coupling among laser diodes. Feedback from two gratings increases external cavity quality factor and spectrum selection capability. As a result, spatial coherence was improved and spectral linewidth was narrowed down. The high visibility of the far-field profile indicates that high spatial coherence was achieved. We also observed symmetric far-field profiles indicating that laser array was phase locked to in-phase and out-of-phase super-modes, respectively. Transition between these super-modes was observed by tuning one grating's tilted angle. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Liu, B.; Braiman, Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Liu, Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Res Accelerator Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Braiman, Y.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Liu, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM liub@ornl.gov FU Office of Naval Research; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research and also in part by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 23 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 29 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 7 BP 7361 EP 7368 DI 10.1364/OE.18.007361 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 582MP UT WOS:000276602000092 PM 20389757 ER PT J AU Davoudiasl, H Gopalakrishna, S Soni, A AF Davoudiasl, Hooman Gopalakrishna, Shrihari Soni, Amarjit TI Big signals of Little Randall-Sundrum models SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE Little Randall-Sundrum Models; Large Hadron Collider; Beyond the Standard Model physics ID GAUGE BOSONS; HIERARCHY AB We examine signals at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) of Kaluza-Klein modes, in volume-truncated "Little Randall-Sundrum" (LRS) models of flavor, characterized by 5D cutoff scales M-5 that are small compared to the 4D Planck mass M-P similar to 10(19) GeV. In particular, for the phenomenologically viable choice M-5 similar to 10(4) TeV, the discovery of a 2 (3)-TeV "Little" Z' at the LHC requires about 1 (4) fb(-1) at root s = 10 (14) TeV, in the clean di-lepton channel. Our results highlight the possibility of probing interesting values of M-5, starting with the early LHC data. With M-5 similar to 10(4) TeV, discovering the second KK mode Z '', at about 4.3 TeV, requires O(100) fb(-1) at root s = 14 TeV, providing a probe of the warped nature of the bulk that is encoded in the mass ratio of the first two KK modes, at design luminosity. By comparison, discovering a 3-TeV Z' of the Planck-weak hierarchy models (with M-5 similar to M-P), in any channel, would require upwards of O(300) fb(-1) at root s = 14 TeV. We also point out that discovery prospects markedly improve for Little KK gluons as well, but the challenging reconstruction of their a decay products may hamper their early discovery. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Davoudiasl, Hooman; Gopalakrishna, Shrihari; Soni, Amarjit] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Davoudiasl, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hooman@bnl.gov; shri@quark.phy.bnl.gov; soni@bnl.gov OI Gopalakrishna, Shrihari/0000-0002-3476-0011 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We thank Gilad Perez for many discussions especially pertaining to KK gluons in LRS models. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under Grant Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAR 29 PY 2010 VL 686 IS 4-5 BP 239 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2010.02.061 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 581YB UT WOS:000276560700006 ER PT J AU Scott, JJ Budsberg, KJ Suen, G Wixon, DL Balser, TC Currie, CR AF Scott, Jarrod J. Budsberg, Kevin J. Suen, Garret Wixon, Devin L. Balser, Teri C. Currie, Cameron R. TI Microbial Community Structure of Leaf-Cutter Ant Fungus Gardens and Refuse Dumps SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHOLIPID FATTY-ACID; ATTA SEXDENS RUBROPILOSA; CUTTING ANTS; GROWING ANTS; SOIL; BACTERIA; FOREST; NESTS; POPULATION; COLOMBICA AB Background: Leaf-cutter ants use fresh plant material to grow a mutualistic fungus that serves as the ants' primary food source. Within fungus gardens, various plant compounds are metabolized and transformed into nutrients suitable for ant consumption. This symbiotic association produces a large amount of refuse consisting primarily of partly degraded plant material. A leaf-cutter ant colony is thus divided into two spatially and chemically distinct environments that together represent a plant biomass degradation gradient. Little is known about the microbial community structure in gardens and dumps or variation between lab and field colonies. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using microbial membrane lipid analysis and a variety of community metrics, we assessed and compared the microbiota of fungus gardens and refuse dumps from both laboratory-maintained and field-collected colonies. We found that gardens contained a diverse and consistent community of microbes, dominated by Gram-negative bacteria, particularly gamma-Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. These findings were consistent across lab and field gardens, as well as host ant taxa. In contrast, dumps were enriched for Gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria. Broad-scale clustering analyses revealed that community relatedness between samples reflected system component (gardens/dumps) rather than colony source (lab/field). At finer scales samples clustered according to colony source. Conclusions/Significance: Here we report the first comparative analysis of the microbiota from leaf-cutter ant colonies. Our work reveals the presence of two distinct communities: one in the fungus garden and the other in the refuse dump. Though we find some effect of colony source on community structure, our data indicate the presence of consistently associated microbes within gardens and dumps. Substrate composition and system component appear to be the most important factor in structuring the microbial communities. These results thus suggest that resident communities are shaped by the plant degradation gradient created by ant behavior, specifically their fungiculture and waste management. C1 [Scott, Jarrod J.; Budsberg, Kevin J.; Suen, Garret; Balser, Teri C.; Currie, Cameron R.] Univ Wisconsin, US DOE, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Scott, Jarrod J.; Suen, Garret; Currie, Cameron R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Scott, Jarrod J.; Currie, Cameron R.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Budsberg, Kevin J.; Balser, Teri C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wixon, Devin L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Scott, JJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, US DOE, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM currie@bact.wisc.edu OI Suen, Garret/0000-0002-6170-711X FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0747002, MCB-0702025, MCB-0731822]; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center [DE-FC02-07ER64494] FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation [grants DEB-0747002 (to CRC), MCB-0702025 (to CRC and TCB), and MCB-0731822 (to CRC)] and the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science DE-FC02-07ER64494, to (CRC)). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 61 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 60 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 29 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 3 AR e9922 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0009922 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 576QZ UT WOS:000276163100015 PM 20360970 ER PT J AU Yu, ZQ Devanathan, R Jiang, W Nachimuthu, P Shutthanandan, V Saraf, L Wang, CM Kuchibhatla, SVNT Thevuthasan, S AF Yu, Z. Q. Devanathan, R. Jiang, W. Nachimuthu, P. Shutthanandan, V. Saraf, L. Wang, C. M. Kuchibhatla, S. V. N. T. Thevuthasan, S. TI Integrated experimental and modeling study of ionic conductivity of scandia-stabilized zirconia thin films SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article DE Sc doping; ZrO(2) thin films; MBE; XRD; TEM; RBS; Ionic conductivity; Atomistic simulation ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; PHASE-TRANSITION; DOPED ZIRCONIA; SOLID-SOLUTION; FUEL-CELLS; ELECTROLYTES; PROGRAM; GROWTH; SYSTEM; ZRO2 AB Scandia-stabilized zirconia films were epitaxially grown on sapphire (0001) substrates by oxygen-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The cubic phase was found to exist over a wider dopant concentration range than previously observed (4.6-17.6 mol.% Sc(2)O(3)). The monoclinic phase was observed for dopant concentrations of 1.5 mol.% and 22.5 mol.%. An increase in the fraction of the monoclinic phase relative to the cubic phase decreased the ionic conductivity. The highest conductivity in the temperature range of 460-900 degrees C was observed for 9.9 mol.% Sc(2)O(3). Atomistic computer simulations show that the observed composition dependence can be related to changes in migration barriers for O(2) ion transport with Sc(3+) substitution of Zr(4+) ions. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Devanathan, R.; Jiang, W.; Nachimuthu, P.; Shutthanandan, V.; Saraf, L.; Wang, C. M.; Kuchibhatla, S. V. N. T.; Thevuthasan, S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Yu, Z. Q.] Nanjing Normal Univ, Dept Chem, Nanjing 210097, Peoples R China. RP Devanathan, R (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ram.devanathan@pnl.gov RI Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008; OI Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313 FU Battelle Memorial Institute for the US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC06-76RL01830] FX The research was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the US Department of Energy (DOE) under the contract DE-AC06-76RL01830. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD MAR 29 PY 2010 VL 181 IS 8-10 BP 367 EP 371 DI 10.1016/j.ssi.2010.01.024 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 584VJ UT WOS:000276781300001 ER PT J AU Harley, G De Jonghe, LC AF Harley, Gabriel De Jonghe, Lutgard C. TI Proton transport in doped La-metaphosphate glasses SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article DE Phosphate glasses; Proton transport; AC spectroscopy ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTION PROPERTIES; PHOSPHATE-GLASSES; AC CONDUCTIVITY; OXIDE GLASSES; LAPO4; LAP3O9; WATER; ELECTROLYTES; DISSOLUTION; IMPEDANCE AB The electrical properties of [La(1-x)Mx]-P3O9 metaphosphate glasses, where M is Ba, Sr, Ca, and 0 <= x <= 0.8 were investigated in the 300-500 degrees C range. The protonic conductivity increases two orders of magnitude from the unsubstituted to the 60% substituted glass reaching a maximum conductivity of about 10(-5) S/cm at 450 degrees C. The activation energy is found to be approximately independent of concentration though dependent on the type of modifying substitutional cation, and decreases from about 1.04 eV for Ca and Sr to similar to 0.96 eV for Ba. AC impedance measurements were used to find the DC ionic conductivities. Mean ion travel distances at the frequencies, nu(center dot)(Z) or nu(center dot)(M), associated with the maximum in Z(n) or M-n were found to be up to 30 times larger than the average oxygen spacing in the glasses. While diffusion coefficients derived from conductivities, D-sigma, were vastly lower than an uncorrelated diffusion coefficient computed from first principles, the travel distance at nu(center dot)(Z) or nu(center dot)(Z) derived from a simple random walk expression using D-r, was surprisingly close to those derived from the more rigorous statistical treatments. The ratio xi=D-sigma/D-r << 1 may be interpreted as indicative of highly correlated ion motion and strongly reduced mean attempt frequencies, together with a mean activation energy for motion increased by Delta E=E-sigma-E-r over that of the uncorrelated intertetrahedral motion of an ideal crystal characterized by D-r. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [De Jonghe, Lutgard C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP De Jonghe, LC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dejonghe@lbl.gov FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences FX The authors would like to particularly thank Klaus-Dieter Kreuer (MPI) for his beneficial discussions and guidance. GH would also like to thank J. Maier (MPI) for his support and discussion, S. Weiglein for the administrative assistance, as well as U. Klock, A. Fuchs, Y. T. Liang, and the MPI crystal preparation laboratory for the technical assistance. Funding for this project was provided by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 EI 1872-7689 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD MAR 29 PY 2010 VL 181 IS 8-10 BP 424 EP 429 DI 10.1016/j.ssi.2010.01.015 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 584VJ UT WOS:000276781300009 ER PT J AU Marina, OA Coyle, CA Thomsen, EC Edwards, DJ Coffey, GW Pederson, LR AF Marina, O. A. Coyle, C. A. Thomsen, E. C. Edwards, D. J. Coffey, G. W. Pederson, L. R. TI Degradation mechanisms of SOFC anodes in coal gas containing phosphorus SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article DE Ni/YSZ anode; SOFC; Coal gas; Contaminant; Nickel phosphorus interaction; Nickel phosphide ID TRANSITION-METAL PHOSPHIDES; DEPARTMENT-OF-ENERGY; OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; NI-P; THERMOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; NICKEL; CATALYSTS; SURFACE AB The interaction of phosphorus in synthetic coal gas with the nickel-based anode of solid oxide fuel cells has been investigated. Tests with both anode-supported and electrolyte-supported button cells were performed at 700 to 800 degrees C in synthetic coal gas containing 0.5 to 10 ppm phosphorus, which was introduced as phosphine. Two primary modes of degradation were observed. The most obvious was the formation of a series of bulk nickel phosphide phases, of which Ni(3)P, Ni(5)P(2), Ni(12)P(5) and Ni(2)P were identified. Phosphorus was essentially completely captured by the anode, forming a sharp boundary between converted and unconverted anode portions. These products partially coalesced into large grains, which eventually affected electronic percolation through the anode support. From thermodynamic calculations, formation of the first binary nickel phosphide phase is possible at phosphorus concentrations <1 ppb in coal gas at typical fuel cell operating temperatures. A second mode of degradation is attributed to surface diffusion of phosphorus to the active anode/electrolyte interface to form an adsorption layer. Direct evidence for the presence of such an adsorption layer on nickel was obtained by surface spectroscopies on fracture surfaces. Further, cell performance losses were observed well before the entire anode was converted to bulk nickel phosphide. Impedance spectroscopy revealed that these losses were primarily due to growth in electrodic resistance, whereas large ohmic increases were visible when the entire anode was converted to nickel phosphide phases. The rate of resistance growth for anode-supported cells showed a low dependence on phosphorus concentration, attributed to phosphorus activity control within the anode by bulk nickel phosphide products. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Marina, O. A.; Coyle, C. A.; Thomsen, E. C.; Edwards, D. J.; Coffey, G. W.; Pederson, L. R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Marina, OA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM olga.marina@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) [AC06-76RLO 1830] FX The authors would like to thank A.L Schemer-Kohrn for SEM analyses, M.H. Engelhard for XPS analyses, Dr. Z. Zhu for ToF-SIMS analysis, C.E. Chamberlin for SEM sample preparation, C.N. Cramer, N. Canfield and J.F. Bonnett for cell fabrication, and Dr. Y.S. Chou for technical assistance with coupon tests. Financial support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) as part of the Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) Coal-Based Systems Core Research Program is gratefully acknowledged. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 49 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD MAR 29 PY 2010 VL 181 IS 8-10 BP 430 EP 440 DI 10.1016/j.ssi.2010.01.018 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 584VJ UT WOS:000276781300010 ER PT J AU Castner, EW Wishart, JF AF Castner, Edward W., Jr. Wishart, James F. TI Spotlight on ionic liquids SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE liquid structure; physical chemistry ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; COMPLETE SOLVATION RESPONSE; X-RAY-SCATTERING; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; MOLTEN-SALT; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; INTERMOLECULAR DYNAMICS AB Ionic liquids are an emerging class of materials with a diverse and extraordinary set of properties. Understanding the origins of these properties and how they can be controlled by design to serve valuable practical applications presents a wide array of challenges and opportunities to the chemical physics and physical chemistry community. We highlight here some of the significant progress already made and future research directions in this exciting area. C1 [Castner, Edward W., Jr.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Wishart, James F.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Castner, EW (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM castner@jcp.rutgers.edu; wishart@bnl.gov RI Wishart, James/L-6303-2013 OI Wishart, James/0000-0002-0488-7636 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0718391]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-09ER16118, DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Division of Chemical Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX E.W.C. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation through Grant No. CHE-0718391 and from the U.S. Department of Energy by SISGR Grant No. DE-FG02-09ER16118. J.F.W. acknowledges support from a SISGR award under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy and supported by its Division of Chemical Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 138 TC 193 Z9 193 U1 7 U2 85 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 12 AR 120901 DI 10.1063/1.3373178 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 577GF UT WOS:000276209700001 PM 20370103 ER PT J AU Knepley, MG Karpeev, DA Davidovits, S Eisenberg, RS Gillespie, D AF Knepley, Matthew G. Karpeev, Dmitry A. Davidovits, Seth Eisenberg, Robert S. Gillespie, Dirk TI An efficient algorithm for classical density functional theory in three dimensions: Ionic solutions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE density functional theory; ionic conductivity; liquids ID FUNDAMENTAL-MEASURE-THEORY; MEAN SPHERICAL APPROXIMATION; CHARGED HARD-SPHERES; WHITE BEAR VERSION; FREE-ENERGY MODEL; RYANODINE RECEPTOR; CALCIUM-CHANNEL; FLUIDS; SELECTIVITY; MIXTURES AB Classical density functional theory (DFT) of fluids is a valuable tool to analyze inhomogeneous fluids. However, few numerical solution algorithms for three-dimensional systems exist. Here we present an efficient numerical scheme for fluids of charged, hard spheres that uses O(N log N) operations and O(N) memory, where N is the number of grid points. This system-size scaling is significant because of the very large N required for three-dimensional systems. The algorithm uses fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) to evaluate the convolutions of the DFT Euler-Lagrange equations and Picard (iterative substitution) iteration with line search to solve the equations. The pros and cons of this FFT/Picard technique are compared to those of alternative solution methods that use real-space integration of the convolutions instead of FFTs and Newton iteration instead of Picard. For the hard-sphere DFT, we use fundamental measure theory. For the electrostatic DFT, we present two algorithms. One is for the "bulk-fluid" functional of Rosenfeld [Y. Rosenfeld, J. Chem. Phys. 98, 8126 (1993)] that uses O(N log N) operations. The other is for the "reference fluid density" (RFD) functional [D. Gillespie , J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 14, 12129 (2002)]. This functional is significantly more accurate than the bulk-fluid functional, but the RFD algorithm requires O(N(2)) operations. C1 [Knepley, Matthew G.] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Karpeev, Dmitry A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Darien, IL 60439 USA. [Davidovits, Seth] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Eisenberg, Robert S.; Gillespie, Dirk] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Knepley, MG (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM knepley@ci.uchicago.edu; karpeev@mcs.anl.gov; beisenbe@rush.edu; dirk_gillespie@rush.edu RI Knepley, Matthew/C-1094-2015; OI Knepley, Matthew/0000-0002-2292-0735; Gillespie, Dirk/0000-0003-0802-5352 FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory; U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-09-1-0488]; NIH [GM076013]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC01-06CH11357] FX This material is based upon work supported by, or in part by, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Research Office under Contract No. W911NF-09-1-0488 (D.G. and M.G.K.). The work was also supported by NIH Grant No. GM076013 (R.S.E.). M.G.K. was partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC01-06CH11357. We thank Roland Roth and Dezso Boda for helpful discussions. NR 28 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 12 AR 124101 DI 10.1063/1.3357981 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 577GF UT WOS:000276209700006 PM 20370108 ER PT J AU Li, H Malinin, SV Tretiak, S Chernyak, VY AF Li, Hao Malinin, Sergey V. Tretiak, Sergei Chernyak, Vladimir Y. TI Exciton scattering approach for branched conjugated molecules and complexes. IV. Transition dipoles and optical spectra SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE excited states; molecular moments; organic compounds; oscillator strengths; quantum chemistry ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC EXCITATIONS; NANOSCALE SYSTEMS; DENDRIMERS; DYNAMICS; LOCALIZATION; COHERENCE; OLIGOMERS; STATES AB The electronic excitation energies and transition dipole moments are the essential ingredients to compute an optical spectrum of any molecular system. Here we extend the exciton scattering (ES) approach, originally developed for computing excitation energies in branched conjugated molecules, to the calculation of the transition dipole moments. The ES parameters that characterize contributions of molecular building blocks to the total transition dipole can be extracted from the quantum-chemical calculations of the excited states in simple molecular fragments. Using these extracted parameters, one can then effortlessly calculate the oscillator strengths and optical spectra of various large molecular structures. We illustrate application of this extended ES approach using an example of phenylacetylene-based molecules. Absorption spectra predicted by the ES approach show close agreement with the results of the reference quantum-chemical calculations. C1 [Li, Hao; Malinin, Sergey V.; Chernyak, Vladimir Y.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Tretiak, Sergei] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Tretiak, Sergei] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM serg@lanl.gov; chernyak@chem.wayne.edu RI Li, Hao/B-4756-2013; Tretiak, Sergei/B-5556-2009; Chernyak, Vladimir/F-5842-2016 OI Tretiak, Sergei/0000-0001-5547-3647; Chernyak, Vladimir/0000-0003-4389-4238 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0808910]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Center for Integrated Nanotechnology (CINT); Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS) FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CHE-0808910. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. We acknowledge support of Center for Integrated Nanotechnology (CINT) and Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS). NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 12 AR 124103 DI 10.1063/1.3366521 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 577GF UT WOS:000276209700008 PM 20370110 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Porcar, L Hong, KL Shew, CY Li, X Liu, E Butler, PD Herwig, KW Smith, GS Chen, WR AF Liu, Yun Porcar, Lionel Hong, Kunlun Shew, Chwen-Yang Li, Xin Liu, Emily Butler, Paul D. Herwig, Kenneth W. Smith, Gregory S. Chen, Wei-Ren TI Effect of counterion valence on the pH responsiveness of polyamidoamine dendrimer structure SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE association; neutron diffraction; pH; polymer structure; statistical mechanics; thermodynamics ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; POLY(AMIDOAMINE) PAMAM DENDRIMERS; INDUCED CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; POLYELECTROLYTE DENDRIMERS; CHARGED DENDRIMER; GENERATION; PARTICLES; SOLVENT AB An accurate determination of the structure characteristics of protonated generation 5 polyamidoamine dendrimers in aqueous solution has been conducted by analyzing the small angle neutron scattering databased on a statistical mechanics model. In our investigation, the primary focus is to elucidate the effect of counterion valence on the counterion association and its impact on the intramolecular density profile within a dendrimer. In the range of our study for molecular protonation, a strong dependence of the structural properties of charged dendrimers on counterion valence is revealed. Our findings indicate that the association of a large amount of divalent counterions significantly reduces the effective charge of a dendrimer molecule. Surprisingly, no discernible transition of the density distribution profile is observed for the dendrimer charged by D(2)SO(4), as opposed to our previous observation of a pronounced transition in intramolecular density profile for the dendrimer charged by DCl. These findings may be understood from the thermodynamic processes of counterions. C1 [Liu, Yun; Butler, Paul D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Hong, Kunlun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Shew, Chwen-Yang] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Chem, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. [Li, Xin; Liu, Emily] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Herwig, Kenneth W.; Smith, Gregory S.; Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chen, Wei-Ren] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chenw@ornl.gov RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011; Herwig, Kenneth/F-4787-2011; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Smith, Gregory/D-1659-2016; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Smith, Gregory/0000-0001-5659-1805; Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111 FU ORNL [05125, 05272]; NSF [DMR-0454672]; SUFD BES, U.S. DOE; City University of New York FX We gratefully acknowledge the support from the LDRD Program (Project ID No. 05125 and 05272) of ORNL. The support of the NCNR NIST, U.S. DOC in providing the neutron research facilities supported under NSF Agreement No. DMR-0454672 is also acknowledged. Part of this research was carried out at CNMS ORNL sponsored by the SUFD BES, U.S. DOE. We also thank the support from the City University of New York PSC grants. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 12 AR 124901 DI 10.1063/1.3358349 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 577GF UT WOS:000276209700042 PM 20370144 ER PT J AU Niklasson, AMN Challacombe, M Tymczak, CJ Nemeth, K AF Niklasson, Anders M. N. Challacombe, Matt Tymczak, C. J. Nemeth, Karoly TI Trace correcting density matrix extrapolation in self-consistent geometry optimization SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE extrapolation; matrix algebra; optimisation; perturbation theory; SCF calculations ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; FIELD THEORY; SYSTEM-SIZE; FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SCALING ALGORITHM; PURIFICATION; DIAGONALIZATION; APPROXIMATION AB A linear scaling trace correcting density matrix extrapolation method is proposed for accelerated self-consistency convergence in geometry optimization. The technique is based on nonorthogonal trace correcting purification and perturbation theory. Compared with alternative schemes, extrapolated total energies are often an order of magnitude closer to the self-consistent solution. For insulators, the computational cost is low and it scales linearly with the size of the perturbed region affected by the modified geometry, O(N-pert). For local perturbations, the computational cost is therefore independent of the total size of the system and scales as O(1). C1 [Niklasson, Anders M. N.; Challacombe, Matt] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Tymczak, C. J.] Texas So Univ, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Nemeth, Karoly] No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Nemeth, Karoly] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Niklasson, AMN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM amn@lanl.gov RI Nemeth, Karoly/L-7806-2014 OI Nemeth, Karoly/0000-0001-8366-1397 FU U.S. Department of Energy FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL LDRD/ER program for this work. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 12 AR 124104 DI 10.1063/1.3351785 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 577GF UT WOS:000276209700009 PM 20370111 ER PT J AU Santamaria, R Soullard, J Jellinek, J AF Santamaria, Ruben Soullard, Jacques Jellinek, Julius TI Thermal behavior of a 13-molecule hydrogen cluster under pressure SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE bond lengths; density functional theory; diffusion; hydrogen neutral molecules; molecular clusters; molecular configurations; thermal expansion; thermodynamic properties ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; COMPRESSED LIQUID DEUTERIUM; GPA 1.4 MBAR; DENSE HYDROGEN; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; SOLID HYDROGEN; MEGABAR PRESSURES; FLUID HYDROGEN; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY AB The thermal behavior of a 13-molecule hydrogen cluster is studied as a function of pressure and temperature using a combination of trajectory and density functional theory simulations. The analysis is performed in terms of characteristic descriptors such as caloric curve, root-mean-square bond length fluctuation, pair correlation function, velocity autocorrelation function, volume thermal expansion, and diffusion coefficients. The discussion addresses on the peculiarities of the transition from the ordered-to-disordered state as exhibited by the cluster under different pressures and temperatures. C1 [Santamaria, Ruben] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Dept Fis Teor, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. [Soullard, Jacques] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Dept Estado Solido, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. [Jellinek, Julius] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Santamaria, R (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Dept Fis Teor, AP 20-364, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. EM rso@fisica.unam.mx; soullard@fisica.unam.mx; jellinek@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC-02-06CH11357] FX We acknowledge CPU time allotment in KanBalam from DGSCA and helpful discussions with Dr. Denis Boyer. This work is dedicated to Professor Jean Pierre Daudey, a pioneer of molecular simulations in Mexico. J.J. was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC-02-06CH11357. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 12 AR 124505 DI 10.1063/1.3359460 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 577GF UT WOS:000276209700029 PM 20370131 ER PT J AU Shubert, VA Rednic, M Pratt, ST AF Shubert, V. Alvin Rednic, Maria Pratt, Stephen T. TI Predissociation and dissociative ionization of Rydberg states of Xe-2 and the photodissociation of Xe-2+ SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE fluorescence; molecule-photon collisions; photodissociation; photoionisation; positive ions; potential energy surfaces; predissociation; Rydberg states; two-photon processes; xenon ID ENHANCED MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; POTENTIAL-ENERGY CURVES; DISPERSIVE PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ULTRAVIOLET-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLVED 2-PHOTON SPECTRA; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTRUM; ION-CORE ASSIGNMENTS; DER-WAALS MOLECULES; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; ELECTRONIC STATES AB The Rydberg states of Xe-2 in the region between 76 000 and 84 000 cm(-1) were studied by using a combination of two-photon excitation and velocity map ion imaging. The electronic states in this region are based on the Xe(S-1(0))+Xe 6p and 5d dissociation limits, and the large number of states leads to numerous curve crossings and distorted potentials. These Rydberg states can decay by predissociation or fluorescence or can be photoionized, dissociatively photoionized, or photodissociated by the absorption of a single additional photon. Furthermore, the molecular ion can be photodissociated as well. While numerous other techniques have been applied to this problem, velocity map ion imaging provides a high resolution approach to determine the operative processes. When combined with existing data obtained by other methods, the present experiments allow a more complete understanding of the assignment and behavior of these states. C1 [Shubert, V. Alvin; Rednic, Maria; Pratt, Stephen T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shubert, VA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Shubert, V. Alvin/C-6736-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; University of Chicago/Argonne Strategic Collaborative Initiative FX We would like to thank Dr. F. Spiegelmann for helpful discussions and Dr. C. Jonin for providing numerical data for the potentials in Ref. 41. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. M.R. was supported by funding through the University of Chicago/Argonne Strategic Collaborative Initiative. NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 12 AR 124108 DI 10.1063/1.3356040 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 577GF UT WOS:000276209700013 PM 20370115 ER PT J AU Smith, RS Matthiesen, J Kay, BD AF Smith, R. Scott Matthiesen, Jesper Kay, Bruce D. TI Breaking through the glass ceiling: The correlation between the self-diffusivity in and krypton permeation through deeply supercooled liquid nanoscale methanol films SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE infrared spectra; krypton; liquid films; molecular beams; organic compounds; self-diffusion; thermally stimulated desorption; vibrational modes ID AMORPHOUS SOLID WATER; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION AB Molecular beam techniques, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) are used to explore the relationship between krypton permeation through and the self-diffusivity of supercooled liquid methanol at temperatures (100-115 K) near the glass transition temperature, T-g (103 K). Layered films, consisting of CH3OH and CD3OH, are deposited on top of a monolayer of Kr on a graphene covered Pt(111) substrate at 25 K. Concurrent Kr TPD and RAIRS spectra are acquired during the heating of the composite film to temperatures above T-g. The CO vibrational stretch is sensitive to the local molecular environment and is used to determine the supercooled liquid diffusivity from the intermixing of the isotopic layers. We find that the Kr permeation and the diffusivity of the supercooled liquid are directly and quantitatively correlated. These results validate the rare-gas permeation technique as a tool for probing the diffusivity of supercooled liquids. C1 [Smith, R. Scott; Matthiesen, Jesper; Kay, Bruce D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, POB 999,Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM scott.smith@pnl.gov; bruce.kay@pnl.gov RI Matthiesen, Jesper/N-2477-2014; Smith, Scott/G-2310-2015 OI Matthiesen, Jesper/0000-0003-1040-1919; Smith, Scott/0000-0002-7145-1963 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences; DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences. The research was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, which is operated for DOE by Battelle. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 12 AR 124502 DI 10.1063/1.3361664 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 577GF UT WOS:000276209700026 PM 20370128 ER PT J AU Wang, XB Kowalski, K Wang, LS Xantheas, SS AF Wang, Xue-Bin Kowalski, Karol Wang, Lai-Sheng Xantheas, Sotiris S. TI Stepwise hydration of the cyanide anion: A temperature-controlled photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio computational study of CN-(H2O)(n), n=2-5 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; binding energy; carbon compounds; coupled cluster calculations; hydrogen bonds; molecular clusters; photoelectron spectra; solvation; spectral line shift; water ID VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY RELAXATION; ARGON PREDISSOCIATION SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROGEN-BONDING NETWORK; ION-CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; WATER CLUSTERS; GAS-PHASE; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRON-AFFINITY; BINDING-ENERGIES; COUPLED-CLUSTER AB We report the study of microsolvated CN-(H2O)(n) (n=1-5) clusters in the gas phase using a combination of experimental and computational approaches. The hydrated cyanide clusters were produced by electrospray and their structural and energetic properties were probed using temperature-controlled photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and ab initio electronic structure calculations. Comparison between the low temperature (LT,T=12 K) and the room-temperature (RT) spectra shows a 0.25 eV spectral blueshift in the binding energy of the n=1 cluster and a significant spectral sharpening and blueshift for n=2 and 3. The experimental results are complemented with ab initio electronic structure calculations at the MP2 and CCSD(T) levels of theory that identified several isomers on the ground state potential energy function arising from the ability of CN- to form hydrogen bonds with water via both the C and N ends. In all cases the N end seems to be the preferred hydration site for the water network. The excellent agreement between the low temperature measured PES spectra and the basis set- and correlation-corrected [at the CCSD(T) level of theory] calculated vertical detachment energies, viz., 3.85 versus 3.84 eV (n=0), 4.54 versus 4.54 eV (n=1), 5.20 versus 5.32 eV (n=2), 5.58 versus 5.50 eV (n=3), and 5.89 versus 5.87 eV (n=4), allow us to establish the hydration motif of cyanide. Its microsolvation pattern was found to be similar to that of the halide anions (Cl-, Br-, and I-) as well as other diatomic anions having cylindrical symmetry such as NO-, resulting to structures in which the ion resides on the surface of a water cluster. The exception is CN-(H2O)(2), for which one water molecule is bound to either side of the anion resulting in a quasilinear structure. For the n=3 cluster the anion was found to freely "tumble" on the surface of a water trimer, since the inclusion of zero-point energy even at T=0 K stabilizes the configuration of C-3 symmetry with respect to the one having the anion tilted toward the water cluster. For n=4 this motion is more restricted since the corresponding barrier at RT is 1.2 kcal/mol. It is also possible that at RT other isomers (lying within similar to 0.6 kcal/mol above the global minima) are also populated, resulting in the further broadening of the PES spectra. C1 [Wang, Xue-Bin] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Wang, Xue-Bin; Xantheas, Sotiris S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kowalski, Karol] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Wang, Lai-Sheng] Brown Univ, Dept Chem, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Wang, XB (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM xuebin.wang@pnl.gov; sotiris.xantheas@pnl.gov RI Xantheas, Sotiris/L-1239-2015; OI Xantheas, Sotiris/0000-0002-6303-1037 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences; DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, and was performed at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, which is operated by Battelle for the DOE. Computer resources were provided at the Molecular Science Computing Facility (MSCF) in EMSL. NR 72 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 12 AR 124306 DI 10.1063/1.3360306 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 577GF UT WOS:000276209700020 PM 20370122 ER PT J AU Pindzola, MS Ballance, CP Ludlow, JA Loch, SD Colgan, J AF Pindzola, M. S. Ballance, C. P. Ludlow, J. A. Loch, S. D. Colgan, J. TI Electron-impact ionization of C-2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; R-MATRIX; COLLISIONS; MOLECULES; ENERGIES AB In support of tokamak edge plasma studies, we calculate the electron-impact ionization cross section for the ground state of the diatomic carbon molecule. Bound orbitals for C-2 and C-2(+) are calculated using a single-configuration self-consistent-field method based on a linear combination of Slater-type orbitals. Continuum distorted-wave orbitals are calculated using a two-dimensional lattice (r, theta), which is variable in the radial coordinate and constant in the angular coordinate. Using a perturbative configuration-average distorted-wave method, the first ab initio fully quantal ionization cross sections for C-2 at its equilibrium internuclear separation are presented. C1 [Pindzola, M. S.; Ballance, C. P.; Ludlow, J. A.; Loch, S. D.] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Colgan, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Pindzola, MS (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. OI Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 FU US Department of Energy FX We would to thank Professor Don Griffin for several useful discussions. This work was supported in part by grants from the US Department of Energy. Computational work was carried out at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center in Oakland, California. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 6 AR 065201 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/43/6/065201 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 565YW UT WOS:000275336200009 ER PT J AU O'Dell, V AF O'Dell, Vivian TI REMOVING THE HAYSTACK - THE CMS TRIGGER AND DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Review AB The CMS Trigger and Data Acquisition Systems have been installed and commissioned and are awaiting data at the Large Hadron Collider. In this article, we describe what factors drove the design and architecture of the systems. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP O'Dell, V (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM odell@fnal.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-7323 J9 MOD PHYS LETT A JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A PD MAR 28 PY 2010 VL 25 IS 10 BP 749 EP 766 DI 10.1142/S0217732310032986 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 587EX UT WOS:000276973700001 ER PT J AU Mazzotti, M Tarafder, A Cornel, J Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Mazzotti, Marco Tarafder, Abhijit Cornel, Jeroen Gritti, Fabrice Guiochon, Georges TI Experimental evidence of a delta-shock in nonlinear chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Nonlinear chromatography; Equilibrium theory; Delta-shock; Traveling spike; Generalized Langmuir isotherm ID GENERALIZED LANGMUIR ISOTHERM; EQUILIBRIUM-THEORY; CONSERVATION-LAWS; MASS-TRANSFER; LAYER; DESIGN AB We report about anew type of composition front in nonlinear chromatography that is called delta-shock, which has to be added to the family of classical transitions, i.e. simple waves, shocks and semi-shocks. Recently, the occurrence of delta-shocks in the case of mixed competitive-cooperative isotherms of the lollowing type n(i) = H(i)c(i)/1 - K(1)c(1) + K(2)c(2) (i = 1,2), (with H(2) > H(1), where components 1 and 2 have anti-Langmuir and Langmuir adsorption behavior, respectively) was predicted theoretically and their behavior was analyzed in the frame of the equilibrium theory of chromatography. The delta-shock can be viewed as a growing traveling spike superimposed to the discontinuity separating the initial and the feed state, which propagates along the column at constant speed and constant rate of growth. In this work we complement these findings from an experimental point of view. The binary system consisting of phenetole (component 1) and 4-tert-butyl phenol (component 2) in methanol-water (about 2:1, v/v) on a Zorbax 300StableBond-C18 column from Agilent has been shown, through a series of overloaded pulse experiments and of frontal analysis experiments with the pure compounds, to be subject to the competitive-cooperative isotherm of the type above, up to rather large concentrations. This system does exhibit a delta-shock when the operating conditions are chosen according to theory, namely when phenetole initially saturating the column is displaced by 4-tert-butylphenol, both at high concentrations (the minimum concentrations exhibiting a fully developed delta-shock in this series of experiments were c(1) = 20 g/L and c(2) = 75 g/L). The propagation of the delta-shock matches the theoretical predictions in terms of both the effect of concentration and the effect of column length. This is the first experimental observation ever of a delta-shock in chromatography. It is noteworthy that the proof of the occurrence of the delta-shock reported here has been obtained in both laboratories cooperating in this project. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mazzotti, Marco; Cornel, Jeroen] ETH, Inst Proc Engn, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Tarafder, Abhijit] ETH, Inst Chem & Bioengn, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Gritti, Fabrice; Guiochon, Georges] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Gritti, Fabrice; Guiochon, Georges] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mazzotti, M (reprint author), ETH, Inst Proc Engn, Sonneggstr 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM marco.mazzotti@ipe.mavt.ethz.ch RI Mazzotti, Marco/M-1725-2016 NR 13 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAR 26 PY 2010 VL 1217 IS 13 BP 2002 EP 2012 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.059 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 573OI UT WOS:000275923000003 PM 20172527 ER PT J AU Lal, J Fouquet, P Maccarini, M Makowski, L AF Lal, Jyotsana Fouquet, Peter Maccarini, Marco Makowski, Lee TI Neutron Spin-Echo Studies of Hemoglobin and Myoglobin: Multiscale Internal Dynamics SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hemoglobin; myoglobin; protein dynamics; neutron spin echo; wide-angle x-ray scattering ID NORMAL-MODE ANALYSIS; PROTEIN DYNAMICS; INOSITOL HEXAPHOSPHATE; QUATERNARY STRUCTURE; LIGANDED HEMOGLOBIN; BROWNIAN-MOTION; DIFFUSION; VISCOSITY; SPECTROSCOPY; FLUCTUATION AB Neutron spin-echo spectroscopy was used to study structural fluctuations that occur in hemoglobin (Hb) and myoglobin (Mb) in solution. Using neutron spin-echo data up to a very high momentum transfer q (similar to 0.62 angstrom(-1)), we characterized the internal dynamics of these proteins at the levels of dynamic pair correlation function and self-correlation function in the time range of several picoseconds to a few nanoseconds. In the same protein solution, data transition from pair correlation motion to self-correlation motion as the momentum transfer q increases. At low q, coherent scattering dominates; at high q, observations are largely due to incoherent scattering. The low q data were interpreted in terms of an effective diffusion coefficient; on the other hand, the high q data were interpreted in terms of mean square displacements. Comparison of data from the two homologous proteins collected at different temperatures and protein concentrations was used to assess the contributions made by translational and rotational diffusion and internal modes of motion to the data. The temperature dependence of decay times can be attributed to changes in the viscosity and temperature of the solvent, as predicted by the Stokes Einstein relationship. This is true for contributions from both diffusive and internal modes of motion, indicating an intimate relationship between the internal dynamics of the proteins and the viscosity of the solvent. Viscosity change associated with protein concentration can account for changes in diffusion observed at different concentrations, but is apparently not the only factor involved in the changes in internal dynamics observed with change in protein concentration. Data collected at high q indicate that internal modes in Mb are generally faster than those in Fib, perhaps due to the greater surface-to-volume ratio of Mb and the fact that surface groups tend to exhibit faster motion than buried groups. Comparison of data from Fib and data from Mb at low q indicates an unexpectedly rapid motion of Fib alpha beta dimers relative to one another. Dynamic motion of subunits is increasingly perceived as important to the allosteric behavior of Fib. Our data demonstrate that this motion is highly sensitive to protein concentration, temperature, and solvent viscosity, indicating that great care needs to be exercised in interpreting its effect on protein function. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lal, Jyotsana; Makowski, Lee] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Fouquet, Peter; Maccarini, Marco] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RP Makowski, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM lmakowski@anl.gov RI Fouquet, Peter/B-5212-2008; ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012; Maccarini, Marco/A-1894-2015 OI Fouquet, Peter/0000-0002-5542-0059; Maccarini, Marco/0000-0002-4555-3288 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357, W-31-109-ENG-38]; National Institutes of Health [RR-08630] FX We would like to thank R. Fischetti, D. Gore, S. Mandava, and D. Rodi for assistance with the WAXS experiments; Dennis Liang for help with the SANS experiments; and C. Ho for informative discussions. We have benefited from the dedicated efforts of an anonymous referee whose comments have considerably improved this report. The use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy under contracts DE-AC02-06CH11357; and W-31-109-ENG-38. Data collection at BioCAT was supported by National Institutes of Health research Center grant RR-08630. NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD MAR 26 PY 2010 VL 397 IS 2 BP 423 EP 435 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.01.029 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 578DI UT WOS:000276273300006 PM 20096701 ER PT J AU Thompson, LH Jones, NJ AF Thompson, Larry H. Jones, Nigel J. TI Stabilizing and Remodeling the Blocked DNA Replication Fork: Anchoring FANCM and the Fanconi Anemia Damage Response SO MOLECULAR CELL LA English DT Editorial Material ID COMPLEX C1 [Thompson, Larry H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Jones, Nigel J.] Univ Liverpool, Sch Biol Sci, Liverpool L69 7ZB, Merseyside, England. RP Thompson, LH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Div, L452,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM thompson14@llnl.gov; njjones@liv.ac.uk RI Jones, Nigel/D-1997-2010 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA112566] NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1097-2765 J9 MOL CELL JI Mol. Cell PD MAR 26 PY 2010 VL 37 IS 6 BP 749 EP 751 DI 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.03.003 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 576HM UT WOS:000276135100003 PM 20347418 ER PT J AU Li, YB Sun, Z Ma, L Zhang, X Yao, MZ Joly, AG Liu, ZL Chen, W AF Li, Yuebin Sun, Zhong Ma, Lun Zhang, Xing Yao, Mingzhen Joly, Alan G. Liu, Zuli Chen, Wei TI Synthesis and luminescence of CePO4:Tb/LaPO4 core/sheath nanowires SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-PHASE SYNTHESIS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; QUANTUM DOTS; FLUORESCENT NANOPARTICLES; OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; CANCER-TREATMENT; NANOCRYSTALS; PARTICLES; RADIATION; LAPO4-EU AB CePO4:Tb/LaPO4 nanowires with a core/sheath architecture have been successful synthesized by a facile aqueous chemical method mediated by original CePO4:Tb aggregation seeds. The seed crystals serve as both a luminescence center and a nucleation site for epitaxial growth. The seed nanocrystals have an irregular sphere-like shape with an average size of around 6.8 nm and a narrow size distribution. When the seed crystals are coated with LaPO4, the resulting core/sheath CePO4:Tb/LaPO4 nanowires have mean diameters of about 7.6 nm and lengths up to 331 nm. Both photo-and x-ray luminescence demonstrate that the LaPO4 coating increases the luminescence efficiency. These core/sheath structured nanowires may find potential applications in solid state lighting, medical imaging and radiation detection. C1 [Li, Yuebin; Sun, Zhong; Ma, Lun; Zhang, Xing; Yao, Mingzhen; Chen, Wei] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Li, Yuebin; Liu, Zuli] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Phys, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Joly, Alan G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Li, YB (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, POB 19059, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM weichen@uta.edu RI Li, Yuebin/D-6599-2011 FU UTA; NSF; DHS joint program [2008-DN-077-ARI016-03]; US Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity (USAMRAA) [W81XWH-05-C-0101, BC095348, PC094562]; Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China (the 863 program) [2007AA03Z312]; NNSF of China [10574047]; China Scholarship Council; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC06-76RLO1830] FX We would like to acknowledge the support from the Startup funds from UTA, the NSF and DHS joint program (2008-DN-077-ARI016-03), and the US Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity (USAMRAA) under contract no. W81XWH-05-C-0101; BC095348 and PC094562. Zuli Liu would like to acknowledge support from the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China (the 863 program, no. 2007AA03Z312) and the NNSF of China (10574047) and Yuebin Li would like to acknowledge partial support from the China Scholarship Council. Part of the research described was performed at the W R Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by Battelle for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC06-76RLO1830. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 24 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD MAR 26 PY 2010 VL 21 IS 12 AR 125604 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/21/12/125604 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 564OH UT WOS:000275224100020 PM 20203357 ER PT J AU Ramanathan, M Skudlarek, G Wang, HH Darling, SB AF Ramanathan, M. Skudlarek, G. Wang, H. H. Darling, S. B. TI Crossover behavior in the hydrogen sensing mechanism for palladium ultrathin films SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTION; CARBON NANOTUBES; MESOWIRE ARRAYS; GAS-DETECTION; SENSORS; PD; ABSORPTION; RESISTIVITY; SWITCHES; SURFACE AB Palladium has been extensively studied as a material for hydrogen sensors because of the simplicity of its reversible resistance change when exposed to hydrogen gas. Various palladium films and nanostructures have been used, and different responses have been observed with these diverse morphologies. In some cases, such as with nanowires, the resistance will decrease, whereas in others, such as with thick films, the resistance will increase. Each of these mechanisms has been explored for several palladium structures, but the crossover between them has not been systematically investigated. Here we report on a study aimed at deciphering the nanostructure-property relationships of ultrathin palladium films used as hydrogen gas sensors. The crossover in these films is observed at a thickness of similar to 5 nm. Ramifications for future sensor developments are discussed. C1 [Ramanathan, M.; Darling, S. B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wang, H. H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Skudlarek, G.] Illinois Math & Sci Acad, Aurora, IL 60506 USA. RP Ramanathan, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM darling@anl.gov RI Ramanathan, Muruganathan/B-6890-2011; Ramanathan, Muruganathan/A-3641-2013 OI Ramanathan, Muruganathan/0000-0001-7008-1131 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors thank J Pearson for assistance with sputter deposition and M Zach for insightful discussions. Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 30 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD MAR 26 PY 2010 VL 21 IS 12 AR 125501 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/21/12/125501 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 564OH UT WOS:000275224100012 PM 20195017 ER PT J AU Bussmann, E Swartzentruber, BS AF Bussmann, E. Swartzentruber, B. S. TI Ge Diffusion at the Si(100) Surface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ISLAND FORMATION; SELF-DIFFUSION; AD-DIMER; SI(001); SI; GROWTH; KINETICS; NANOCRYSTALS; TRANSITION AB Using scanning tunneling microscopy movies, we directly observe individual embedded Ge atoms to be mobile within the Si(100)-(2 x 1)-Ge surface at temperatures as low as 90 degrees C. We demonstrate that Ge atoms move by exchange diffusion with (1) adsorbed monomers and (2) individual constituent atoms of adsorbed dimers. Our observations are consistent with recent density-functional theory calculations, which give the atomistic pathways and energetic barriers for both exchange mechanisms. We find that neither adsorbed monomers nor dimers can diffuse more than a few nanometers between exchange events, illustrating how Ge diffusion and intermixing are intimately coupled at the nanoscale on the Si(100) surface. C1 [Bussmann, E.; Swartzentruber, B. S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bussmann, E (reprint author), CINaM, Marseille, France. FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material Sciences and Engineering; Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies; U.S. DOE-BES [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We thank N. C. Bartelt, R. Stumpf, and G. L. Kellogg for useful discussions. This work was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material Sciences and Engineering, and was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. DOE-BES user facility. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 26 PY 2010 VL 104 IS 12 AR 126101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.126101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 575MY UT WOS:000276072400034 PM 20366550 ER PT J AU Faustlin, RR Bornath, T Doppner, T Dusterer, S Forster, E Fortmann, C Glenzer, SH Gode, S Gregori, G Irsig, R Laarmann, T Lee, HJ Li, B Meiwes-Broer, KH Mithen, J Nagler, B Przystawik, A Redlin, H Redmer, R Reinholz, H Ropke, G Tavella, F Thiele, R Tiggesbaumker, J Toleikis, S Uschmann, I Vinko, SM Whitcher, T Zastrau, U Ziaja, B Tschentscher, T AF Faeustlin, R. R. Bornath, Th. Doeppner, T. Duesterer, S. Foerster, E. Fortmann, C. Glenzer, S. H. Goede, S. Gregori, G. Irsig, R. Laarmann, T. Lee, H. J. Li, B. Meiwes-Broer, K. -H. Mithen, J. Nagler, B. Przystawik, A. Redlin, H. Redmer, R. Reinholz, H. Roepke, G. Tavella, F. Thiele, R. Tiggesbaeumker, J. Toleikis, S. Uschmann, I. Vinko, S. M. Whitcher, T. Zastrau, U. Ziaja, B. Tschentscher, Th. TI Observation of Ultrafast Nonequilibrium Collective Dynamics in Warm Dense Hydrogen SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RAY THOMSON SCATTERING; FREE-ELECTRON-LASER; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; PLASMAS; PHOTOABSORPTION; RADIATION; WATER AB We investigate ultrafast (fs) electron dynamics in a liquid hydrogen sample, isochorically and volumetrically heated to a moderately coupled plasma state. Thomson scattering measurements using 91.8 eV photons from the free-electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH at DESY) show that the hydrogen plasma has been driven to a nonthermal state with an electron temperature of 13 eV and an ion temperature below 0.1 eV, while the free-electron density is 2: 8 x 10(20) cm(-3). For dense plasmas, our experimental data strongly support a nonequilibrium kinetics model that uses impact ionization cross sections based on classical free-electron collisions. C1 [Faeustlin, R. R.; Duesterer, S.; Laarmann, T.; Redlin, H.; Tavella, F.; Toleikis, S.] DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Bornath, Th.; Goede, S.; Irsig, R.; Meiwes-Broer, K. -H.; Przystawik, A.; Redmer, R.; Reinholz, H.; Roepke, G.; Thiele, R.; Tiggesbaeumker, J.] Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. [Doeppner, T.; Glenzer, S. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L 399, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Foerster, E.; Uschmann, I.; Zastrau, U.] Univ Jena, IOQ, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Fortmann, C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Gregori, G.; Mithen, J.; Nagler, B.; Vinko, S. M.; Whitcher, T.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Lee, H. J.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, LCLS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Li, B.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Cent Laser Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Ziaja, B.] CFEL, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Ziaja, B.] Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Tschentscher, Th.] European XFEL GmbH, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. RP Faustlin, RR (reprint author), DESY, Notkestr 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. EM thomas.tschentscher@xfel.eu RI Redmer, Ronald/F-3046-2013; Vinko, Sam/I-4845-2013; OI Vinko, Sam/0000-0003-1016-0975; Thiele, Robert/0000-0001-8350-9942; Zastrau, Ulf/0000-0002-3575-4449 FU Helmholtz Gemeinschaft via the Virtual Institute [VH-VI-104]; German Federal Ministry for Education and Research [FSP 301-FLASH]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SFB 652, LA 1431/2-1, GRK 1355]; LDRDs [08-ERI-002, 08-LW-004]; Alexander von Humboldt foundation; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/G007187/1]; Science and Technology Facilities Council of the UK FX We thankfully acknowledge financial support by the Helmholtz Gemeinschaft via the Virtual Institute VH-VI-104, the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research via Project No. FSP 301-FLASH, and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) via the Sonderforschungsbereich SFB 652. T. L. acknowledges DFG support under Grant No. LA 1431/2-1, R. R. F. under Grant No. GRK 1355. The work of S. H. G. and T. D. was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344 and was supported by LDRDs 08-ERI-002, 08-LW-004. S. H. G. and C. F. were supported by the Alexander von Humboldt foundation, G. G. partially by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (Grant No. EP/G007187/1) and the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the UK. Finally, the authors are greatly indebted to the FLASH team for enabling an outstanding performance. NR 38 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 26 PY 2010 VL 104 IS 12 AR 125002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.125002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 575MY UT WOS:000276072400024 PM 20366540 ER PT J AU Jones, B Ampleford, DJ Vesey, RA Cuneo, ME Coverdale, CA Waisman, EM Jones, MC Fowler, WE Stygar, WA Serrano, JD Vigil, MP Esaulov, AA Kantsyrev, VL Safronova, AS Williamson, KM Chuvatin, AS Rudakov, LI AF Jones, B. Ampleford, D. J. Vesey, R. A. Cuneo, M. E. Coverdale, C. A. Waisman, E. M. Jones, M. C. Fowler, W. E. Stygar, W. A. Serrano, J. D. Vigil, M. P. Esaulov, A. A. Kantsyrev, V. L. Safronova, A. S. Williamson, K. M. Chuvatin, A. S. Rudakov, L. I. TI Planar Wire-Array Z-Pinch Implosion Dynamics and X-Ray Scaling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE PROPERTIES AB An indirect drive configuration is proposed wherein multiple compact Z-pinch x-ray sources surround a secondary hohlraum. Planar compact wire arrays allow reduced primary hohlraum surface area compared to cylindrical loads. Implosions of planar arrays are studied at up to 15 TW x-ray power on Saturn with radiated yields exceeding the calculated kinetic energy, suggesting other heating paths. X-ray power and yield scaling studied from 1-6 MA motivates viewfactor modeling of four 6-MA planar arrays producing 90 eV radiation temperature in a secondary hohlraum. C1 [Jones, B.; Ampleford, D. J.; Vesey, R. A.; Cuneo, M. E.; Coverdale, C. A.; Waisman, E. M.; Jones, M. C.; Fowler, W. E.; Stygar, W. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Serrano, J. D.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Vigil, M. P.] LMATA Govt Serv LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. [Esaulov, A. A.; Kantsyrev, V. L.; Safronova, A. S.; Williamson, K. M.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Chuvatin, A. S.] Ecole Polytech, Lab Phys Plasmas, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Rudakov, L. I.] Icarus Res, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Jones, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bmjones@sandia.gov FU DOE and NNSA [DE-FC52-06NA27586, DE-FC52-06NA27588, DE-FC52-06NA27616, DOE/SNL 681371] FX The authors would like to thank the Saturn, Z, and Zebra operations teams and J. L. Porter for supporting these experiments, and E. P. Yu for valuable discussion. This work was supported by Sandia LDRD funding. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the US DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The work at the University of Nevada, Reno is supported by DOE and NNSA under Cooperative Agreements DE-FC52-06NA27586, DE-FC52-06NA27588, and in part by DE-FC52-06NA27616 and by the grant DOE/SNL 681371. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 26 PY 2010 VL 104 IS 12 AR 125001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.125001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 575MY UT WOS:000276072400023 PM 20366539 ER PT J AU Kenzelmann, M Gerber, S Egetenmeyer, N Gavilano, JL Strassle, T Bianchi, AD Ressouche, E Movshovich, R Bauer, ED Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD AF Kenzelmann, M. Gerber, S. Egetenmeyer, N. Gavilano, J. L. Straessle, Th Bianchi, A. D. Ressouche, E. Movshovich, R. Bauer, E. D. Sarrao, J. L. Thompson, J. D. TI Evidence for a Magnetically Driven Superconducting Q Phase of CeCoIn5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD AB We have studied the magnetic order inside the superconducting phase of CeCoIn5 for fields along the [1 0 0] crystallographic direction using neutron diffraction. We find a spin-density wave order with an incommensurate modulation Q = (q, q, 1/2) and q = 0.45(1), which within our experimental uncertainty is indistinguishable from the spin-density wave found for fields applied along [1 - 10]. The magnetic order is thus modulated along the lines of nodes of the d(x2-y2) superconducting order parameter, suggesting that it is driven by the electron nesting along the superconducting line nodes. We postulate that the onset of magnetic order leads to reconstruction of the superconducting gap function and a magnetically induced pair density wave. C1 [Kenzelmann, M.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Dev & Methods, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Gerber, S.; Egetenmeyer, N.; Gavilano, J. L.; Straessle, Th] ETH, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Bianchi, A. D.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys & Regroupement Quebecois Mat Pointe, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Ressouche, E.] INAC SPSMS MDN, CEA Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. [Movshovich, R.; Bauer, E. D.; Sarrao, J. L.; Thompson, J. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kenzelmann, M (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Dev & Methods, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Gerber, Simon/A-4566-2012; Gavilano, Jorge/H-4910-2012; Kenzelmann, Michel/A-8438-2008; Bianchi, Andrea/E-9779-2010; OI Gerber, Simon/0000-0002-5717-2626; Kenzelmann, Michel/0000-0001-7913-4826; Bianchi, Andrea/0000-0001-9340-6971; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 FU Swiss NSF [200021-122054]; Swiss NCCR program MaNEP; U.S. Department of Energy; Los Alamos Laboratory Directed Research and Development program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Canada); Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (Quebec); Canada Research Chair Foundation FX We thank M. Sigrist, Y. Yanase, and D. Agterberg for discussions and acknowledge the technical services of ILL. This work was supported by the Swiss NSF (Contract No. 200021-122054) and by the Swiss NCCR program MaNEP. Work at Los Alamos was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy and supported in part by the Los Alamos Laboratory Directed Research and Development program. A. D. B. received support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Canada), Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (Quebec), and the Canada Research Chair Foundation. NR 28 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 26 PY 2010 VL 104 IS 12 AR 127001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.127001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 575MY UT WOS:000276072400042 PM 20366558 ER PT J AU Vaz, CAF Hoffman, J Segal, Y Reiner, JW Grober, RD Zhang, Z Ahn, CH Walker, FJ AF Vaz, C. A. F. Hoffman, J. Segal, Y. Reiner, J. W. Grober, R. D. Zhang, Z. Ahn, C. H. Walker, F. J. TI Origin of the Magnetoelectric Coupling Effect in Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O-3/La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 Multiferroic Heterostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MN K-EDGE; MANGANITES AB The electronic valence state of Mn in Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O-3/La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 multiferroic heterostructures is probed by near edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy as a function of the ferroelectric polarization. We observe a temperature independent shift in the absorption edge of Mn associated with a change in valency induced by charge carrier modulation in the La0.8Sr0.2MnO3, demonstrating the electronic origin of the magnetoelectric effect. Spectroscopic, magnetic, and electric characterization shows that the large magnetoelectric response originates from a modified interfacial spin configuration, opening a new pathway to the electronic control of spin in complex oxide materials. C1 [Vaz, C. A. F.; Hoffman, J.; Segal, Y.; Reiner, J. W.; Grober, R. D.; Ahn, C. H.; Walker, F. J.] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Zhang, Z.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vaz, CAF (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM carlos.vaz@yale.edu RI Vaz, Carlos/A-7240-2012; Zhang, Zhan/A-9830-2008; OI Vaz, Carlos/0000-0002-6209-8918; Zhang, Zhan/0000-0002-7618-6134; Walker, Frederick/0000-0002-8094-249X FU NSF [DMR 0520495]; FENA; NRI; DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors acknowledge financial support by the NSF through MRSEC DMR 0520495 (CRISP), FENA, and the NRI. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 27 TC 163 Z9 166 U1 6 U2 105 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 26 PY 2010 VL 104 IS 12 AR 127202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.127202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 575MY UT WOS:000276072400044 PM 20366560 ER PT J AU Parks, JE AF Parks, James E., II TI Less Costly Catalysts for Controlling Engine Emissions SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID NOX-STORAGE; PT/BAO/AL2O3 C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Parks, JE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM parksjeii@ornl.gov NR 10 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 26 PY 2010 VL 327 IS 5973 BP 1584 EP 1585 DI 10.1126/science.1187154 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 574ED UT WOS:000275970600022 PM 20339054 ER PT J AU Ahmed, Z Akerib, DS Arrenberg, S Bailey, CN Balakishiyeva, D Baudis, L Bauer, DA Brink, PL Bruch, T Bunker, R Cabrera, B Caldwell, DO Cooley, J Cushman, P Daal, M DeJongh, F Dragowsky, MR Duong, L Fallows, S Figueroa-Feliciano, E Filippini, J Fritts, M Golwala, SR Grant, DR Hall, J Hennings-Yeomans, R Hertel, SA Holmgren, D Hsu, L Huber, ME Kamaev, O Kiveni, M Kos, M Leman, SW Mahapatra, R Mandic, V McCarthy, KA Mirabolfathi, N Moore, D Nelson, H Ogburn, RW Phipps, A Pyle, M Qiu, X Ramberg, E Rau, W Reisetter, A Saab, T Sadoulet, B Sander, J Schnee, RW Seitz, DN Serfass, B Sundqvist, KM Tarka, M Wikus, P Yellin, S Yoo, J Young, BA Zhang, J AF Ahmed, Z. Akerib, D. S. Arrenberg, S. Bailey, C. N. Balakishiyeva, D. Baudis, L. Bauer, D. A. Brink, P. L. Bruch, T. Bunker, R. Cabrera, B. Caldwell, D. O. Cooley, J. Cushman, P. Daal, M. DeJongh, F. Dragowsky, M. R. Duong, L. Fallows, S. Figueroa-Feliciano, E. Filippini, J. Fritts, M. Golwala, S. R. Grant, D. R. Hall, J. Hennings-Yeomans, R. Hertel, S. A. Holmgren, D. Hsu, L. Huber, M. E. Kamaev, O. Kiveni, M. Kos, M. Leman, S. W. Mahapatra, R. Mandic, V. McCarthy, K. A. Mirabolfathi, N. Moore, D. Nelson, H. Ogburn, R. W. Phipps, A. Pyle, M. Qiu, X. Ramberg, E. Rau, W. Reisetter, A. Saab, T. Sadoulet, B. Sander, J. Schnee, R. W. Seitz, D. N. Serfass, B. Sundqvist, K. M. Tarka, M. Wikus, P. Yellin, S. Yoo, J. Young, B. A. Zhang, J. CA CDMS II Collaboration TI Dark Matter Search Results from the CDMS II Experiment SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONSTRAINTS; CANDIDATES AB Astrophysical observations indicate that dark matter constitutes most of the mass in our universe, but its nature remains unknown. Over the past decade, the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment has provided world-leading sensitivity for the direct detection of weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter. The final exposure of our low-temperature germanium particle detectors at the Soudan Underground Laboratory yielded two candidate events, with an expected background of 0.9 +/- 0.2 events. This is not statistically significant evidence for a WIMP signal. The combined CDMS II data place the strongest constraints on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent scattering cross section for a wide range of WIMP masses and exclude new parameter space in inelastic dark matter models. C1 [Cooley, J.] So Methodist Univ, Dept Phys, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Ahmed, Z.; Filippini, J.; Golwala, S. R.; Moore, D.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Akerib, D. S.; Bailey, C. N.; Dragowsky, M. R.; Grant, D. R.; Hennings-Yeomans, R.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Bauer, D. A.; DeJongh, F.; Hall, J.; Holmgren, D.; Hsu, L.; Ramberg, E.; Yoo, J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Sadoulet, B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hertel, S. A.; Leman, S. W.; McCarthy, K. A.; Wikus, P.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Rau, W.] Queens Univ, Dept Phys, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Reisetter, A.] St Olaf Coll, Dept Phys, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. [Young, B. A.] Santa Clara Univ, Dept Phys, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. [Brink, P. L.; Cabrera, B.; Ogburn, R. W.; Pyle, M.; Yellin, S.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kiveni, M.; Kos, M.; Schnee, R. W.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Mahapatra, R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Daal, M.; Mirabolfathi, N.; Phipps, A.; Sadoulet, B.; Seitz, D. N.; Serfass, B.; Sundqvist, K. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bunker, R.; Caldwell, D. O.; Nelson, H.; Yellin, S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Huber, M. E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Huber, M. E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Balakishiyeva, D.; Saab, T.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Cushman, P.; Duong, L.; Fallows, S.; Fritts, M.; Kamaev, O.; Mandic, V.; Qiu, X.; Reisetter, A.; Zhang, J.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Arrenberg, S.; Baudis, L.; Bruch, T.; Tarka, M.] Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Cooley, J (reprint author), So Methodist Univ, Dept Phys, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. EM cooley@physics.smu.edu RI Bailey, Catherine/C-6107-2009; Huber, Martin/B-3354-2011; Qiu, Xinjie/C-6164-2012; Hall, Jeter/F-6108-2013; Hall, Jeter/E-9294-2015; Yoo, Jonghee/K-8394-2016; Pyle, Matt/E-7348-2015; OI Pyle, Matt/0000-0002-3490-6754; Holmgren, Donald/0000-0001-6701-7737; Bunker, Raymond/0000-0003-2174-7632 FU National Science Foundation [AST-9978911, PHY-0542066, PHY-0503729, PHY-0503629, PHY-0503641, PHY-0504224, PHY-0705052, PHY-0801708, PHY-0801712, HY-0802575, PHY-0855525]; Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098, DE-FG02-91ER40688, DE-FG02-92ER40701, DE-FG03-90ER40569, DE-FG03-91ER40618]; Swiss National Foundation [20-118119]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [SAPIN 341314-07] FX The CDMS collaboration gratefully acknowledges the contributions of numerous engineers and technicians; we would like to especially thank J. Beaty, B. Hines, L. Novak, R. Schmitt, and A. Tomada. This work is supported in part by the National Science Foundation ( grants AST-9978911, PHY-0542066, PHY-0503729, PHY-0503629, PHY-0503641, PHY-0504224, PHY-0705052, PHY-0801708, PHY-0801712, PHY-0802575, and PHY-0855525), by the Department of Energy ( contracts DE-AC03-76SF00098, DE-FG02-91ER40688, DE-FG02-92ER40701, DE-FG03-90ER40569, and DE-FG03-91ER40618), by the Swiss National Foundation ( SNF grant 20-118119), and by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada ( grant SAPIN 341314-07). NR 18 TC 555 Z9 560 U1 20 U2 49 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 26 PY 2010 VL 327 IS 5973 BP 1619 EP 1621 DI 10.1126/science.1186112 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 574ED UT WOS:000275970600036 ER PT J AU Bai, XM Voter, AF Hoagland, RG Nastasi, M Uberuaga, BP AF Bai, Xian-Ming Voter, Arthur F. Hoagland, Richard G. Nastasi, Michael Uberuaga, Blas P. TI Efficient Annealing of Radiation Damage Near Grain Boundaries via Interstitial Emission SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IRON; IRRADIATION; COPPER; MICROSTRUCTURE; SIMULATION; CLUSTERS; DYNAMICS; DEFECTS; METALS AB Although grain boundaries can serve as effective sinks for radiation-induced defects such as interstitials and vacancies, the atomistic mechanisms leading to this enhanced tolerance are still not well understood. With the use of three atomistic simulation methods, we investigated defect-grain boundary interaction mechanisms in copper from picosecond to microsecond time scales. We found that grain boundaries have a surprising "loading-unloading" effect. Upon irradiation, interstitials are loaded into the boundary, which then acts as a source, emitting interstitials to annihilate vacancies in the bulk. This unexpected recombination mechanism has a much lower energy barrier than conventional vacancy diffusion and is efficient for annihilating immobile vacancies in the nearby bulk, resulting in self-healing of the radiation-induced damage. C1 [Bai, Xian-Ming; Hoagland, Richard G.; Uberuaga, Blas P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Voter, Arthur F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Nastasi, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Uberuaga, BP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MST 8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM blas@lanl.gov RI Hoagland, Richard/G-9821-2012; Bai, Xianming/E-2376-2017 OI Bai, Xianming/0000-0002-4609-6576 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Los Alamos National Laboratory [20090061DR]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [2008LANL1026] FX We thank K. E. Sickafus, X. Y. Liu, C. W. Pao, S. Jindal, M. J. Demkowicz, J. Wang, and S. M. Valone for helpful discussions. This work was primarily sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Los Alamos National Laboratory under project number 20090061DR. The TAD simulations on the asymmetric boundary were supported as part of the Center for Materials at Irradiation and Mechanical Extremes, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under award number 2008LANL1026. NR 28 TC 349 Z9 357 U1 22 U2 198 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 26 PY 2010 VL 327 IS 5973 BP 1631 EP 1634 DI 10.1126/science.1183723 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 574ED UT WOS:000275970600040 PM 20339070 ER PT J AU Maki, KL Braun, RJ Ucciferro, P Henshaw, WD King-Smith, PE AF Maki, K. L. Braun, R. J. Ucciferro, P. Henshaw, W. D. King-Smith, P. E. TI Tear film dynamics on an eye-shaped domain. Part 2. Flux boundary conditions SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; DRY EYE; SURFACE-TENSION; OCULAR SURFACE; LIQUID-FILM; LIPID LAYER; BLINK CYCLE; PRECORNEAL; THICKNESS; DRAINAGE AB We model the dynamics of the human tear film during relaxation (after a blink) using lubrication theory and explore the effects of viscosity, surface tension, gravity and boundary conditions that specify the flux of tear fluid into or out of the domain. The governing nonlinear partial differential equation is solved on an overset grid by a method of lines using finite differences in space and an adaptive second-order backward difference formula solver in time. Our simulations in a two-dimensional domain are computed in the OVERTURE computational framework. The flow around the boundary is sensitive to both our choice of flux boundary condition and the presence of gravity. The simulations recover features seen in one-dimensional simulations and capture some experimental observations of tear film dynamics around the lid margins. In some instances, the influx from the lacrimal gland splits with some fluid going along the upper lid towards the nasal canthus and some travelling around the temporal canthus and then along the lower lid. Tear supply can also push through some parts of the black line near the eyelid margins. C1 [Maki, K. L.; Braun, R. J.; Ucciferro, P.] Univ Delaware, Dept Math Sci, Newark, DE 19711 USA. [Henshaw, W. D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [King-Smith, P. E.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Optometry, Columbus, OH 43218 USA. RP Braun, RJ (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Math Sci, Newark, DE 19711 USA. EM braun@math.udel.edu NR 57 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 19 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD MAR 25 PY 2010 VL 647 BP 361 EP 390 DI 10.1017/S002211200999382X PG 30 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 584YE UT WOS:000276789600020 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JA Liu, P Perez, M Liu, G Hrbek, J AF Rodriguez, Jose A. Liu, Ping Perez, Manuel Liu, Gang Hrbek, Jan TI Destruction of SO2 on An and Cu Nanoparticles Dispersed on MgO(100) and CeO2(111) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID GAS SHIFT REACTION; DEFINED GOLD PARTICLES; CO OXIDATION REACTION; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; AU NANOPARTICLES; METAL-OXIDES; ADSORPTION; CATALYSTS; SURFACES AB When going from periodic surfaces to isolated Clusters or nanoparticles, there is a big increase in the reactivity of Au and Cu toward SO2. Density functional calculations indicate that the enhancement in the SO2 adsorption energy is clue to the presence of corner sites (i.e., metal atoms with a low coordination number) and the fluxionality of the nanoparticles. Therefore, small Au particles bind SO2 stronger than a periodic Au(100) surface. However, the S <-> Au and O <-> Au interactions are not strong enough to induce the rupture of the S-O bonds. In contrast, the dissociation of SO2 on Cu particles is a very exothermic process, even more exothermic than on a periodic Cu(100.) surface. Experiments of synchrotron-based high-resolution photoemission and X-ray absorption spectroscopy show big differences ill the DeSOx activity of Au and Cu nanoparticles dispersed on MgO(100) and CeO2(111). The heat of adsorption of the SO2 on Au nanoparticles supported on MgO(100) or CeO2(111) was 0.2 to 0.4 eV larger than on Au(100) with negligible dissociation of the molecule. The full decomposition of SO2 was observed on after O vacancies were introduced ill the ceria Support. The O vacancies in ceria either played I direct role ill the dissociation of SO2 (cracking, of the molecule at the oxide-metal interface) or enhanced the Chemical activity of the supported Au nanoparticles. The addition of Cu particles to MgO(100) or CeO2(111) generates systems that are extremely active for the destruction of SO2. At 100-150 K, the SO2 adsorbs molecularly on the supported Cu particles. Heating to temperatures above 200 K leads to massive dissociation of the SO2. A comparison of the behavior of SO2 on Cu/MgO(100) and Cu/CeO2-x(111) shows how important the reducibility of the oxide support in DeSOx operations can be. C1 [Rodriguez, Jose A.; Liu, Ping; Liu, Gang; Hrbek, Jan] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Perez, Manuel] Cent Univ Venezuela, Fac Ciencias, Caracas, Venezuela. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rodrigez@bnl.gov RI Hrbek, Jan/I-1020-2013 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; INTEVEP; ENRI FX We arc grateful to T. Jirsak and J. Evans for their help with some of the photoemission experiments and for thought-provoking conversations on the behavior of gold/ oxide and copper/oxide interfaces. The research carried Out at Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (Chemical Sciences Division, DE-AC02-98CH10886). The National Synchrotron Light Source is supported by the Divisions of Chemical and Materials Science of the U.S. Department of Energy. M.P. thanks INTEVEP and ENRI for research grants that made part of this work possible. NR 78 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 25 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 11 BP 3802 EP 3810 DI 10.1021/jp905761s PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 570WA UT WOS:000275707800010 PM 19634883 ER PT J AU Liu, P Choi, Y Yang, YX White, MG AF Liu, Ping Choi, YongMan Yang, Yixiong White, Michael G. TI Methanol Synthesis from H-2 and CO2 on a Mo6S8 Cluster: A Density Functional Study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID GAS SHIFT REACTION; AB-INITIO; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; MAGIC CLUSTERS; CHEVREL PHASES; MOLYBDENUM; ETHANOL; SURFACE; WATER; MO AB Catalytic CO2 hydrogenation to methanol has received considerable attention its all effective Way to utilize CO2. In this paper, density functional theory was employed to investigate the methanol synthesis from CO, and H-2 on a Mo6S8 cluster. The Mo6S8 cluster is the structural building block of the Chevrel phase of molybdenum sulfide, and has a cagelike structure With all octahedral Mo-6 metallic core. Our calculations indicate that the preferred catalytic pathway for methanol synthesis on the Mo6S8 Cluster is very different from that of bulklike MoS2, MoS2 promotes the C-O scission of HxCO intermediated, and therefore, only hydrocarbons are produced. The lower S/Mo ratio for the cluster compared to stoichiometric MoS2 might be expected to lead to higher activity because more low-coordinated Mo sites are available for reaction. However, our results show that the Mo6S8 cluster is not as reactive as bulk MoS2 because it is unable to break the C-O bond of HxCO intermediates and therefore cannot produce hydrocarbons. Yet, the Mo6S8 cluster is predicted to have moderate activity for converting CO2 and H-2 to methanol. The overall reaction pathway involves the reverse water-gas shift reaction (CO2 + H-2 -> CO + H2O), followed by CO hydrogenation via HCO (CO + 2H(2) -> CH3OH) to form methanol. The rate-limiting step is CO hydrogenation to the HCO with a calculated barrier of +1 eV. This barrier is much lower than that calculated for a comparably sized Cu nanoparticle. which is the prototypical metal catalyst used for methanol synthesis from syngas (CO + H-2). Both the Mo and S sites participate in the reaction with CO2, CO. and CHxO preferentially binding to the Mo sites, whereas S atoms facilitate bond cleavage by forming relatively Strong S-H bonds. Our study reveals that the unexpected activity of the Mo6S8 cluster is the result of the interplay between shifts ill the Mo cl-band and S p-band and its unique cagelike geometry. C1 [Liu, Ping; Choi, YongMan; White, Michael G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Yang, Yixiong; White, Michael G.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Liu, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM pingliu3@bnl.gov RI Choi, YongMan/N-3559-2014 OI Choi, YongMan/0000-0003-4276-1599 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This research was carried out at Brookhaven National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Chemical Sciences. The DFT calculations were carried out at Centers for Functional Nanomaterials at Brookhaven National Laboratory and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing (NERSC) Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 53 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 6 U2 74 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 25 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 11 BP 3888 EP 3895 DI 10.1021/jp906780a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 570WA UT WOS:000275707800020 PM 19877650 ER PT J AU Sushko, ML Liu, J AF Sushko, Maria L. Liu, Jun TI Structural Rearrangements in Self-Assembled Surfactant Layers at Surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; INHOMOGENEOUS POLYMER SYSTEMS; NONUNIFORM POLYATOMIC SYSTEMS; AMPHIPHILIC BINARY-MIXTURES; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER FILMS; SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACE; MEAN SPHERICAL MODEL; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; THIN-FILMS; MONOLAYER FILMS AB The transition from compact to extended configuration in ionic surfactant layers under the influence of salt, surfactant surface density, and temperature is studied Using the classical density functional theory (cDF-T). The increase in ionic strength of in aqueous Salt solution or in the surfactant surface density leads to the transition from the hemicylindrical to the perpendicular monolayer configuration of the molecules. Although producing the same structural rearrangement in the surfactant layer, the origin of the effect of salt and surface density is different. While the addition of salt increases the out-of-plane attractive interactions with the solvent., the increase in density results in the increase in the in-plane repulsion in the surfactant layer. The temperature effects are subtler and are mainly manifested in the reduction of the solution structuring at elevated temperatures. C1 [Sushko, Maria L.; Liu, Jun] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sushko, ML (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM maria.sushko@pnl.gov RI Sushko, Maria/C-8285-2014 OI Sushko, Maria/0000-0002-7229-7072 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [KC020105-FWP12152]; DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX The study of surfactant self-assembly at surfaces is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award KC020105-FWP12152. PNNL is a multiprograrn national laboratory operated for DOE by Battelle under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 69 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 25 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 11 BP 3847 EP 3854 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 570WY UT WOS:000275710400015 PM 20184303 ER PT J AU Walker, BN Stolee, JA Pickel, DL Retterer, ST Vertes, A AF Walker, Bennett N. Stolee, Jessica A. Pickel, Deanna L. Retterer, Scott T. Vertes, Akos TI Tailored Silicon Nanopost Arrays for Resonant Nanophotonic Ion Production SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID FIELD ENHANCEMENT; OPTICAL ANTENNAS; LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION; INDUCED DISSOCIATION; MICROCOLUMN ARRAYS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FEMTOSECOND; NANOSTRUCTURES; FRAGMENTATION; MICROSCOPY AB Nanostructures that have dimensions Commensurate with the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation exhibit near-field effects and, as optical antennas, can Couple laser radiation to the local environment. Laser-induced silicon microcolumn arrays behave as nanophotonic ion sources that can be modulated by rotating the plane of light polarization. However, the limited range Of Surface morphologies available for these Substrates makes it difficult to study the underlying mechanism that governs ion production. Here we demonstrate that nanopost arrays (NAPAs) can be tailored to exhibit resonant ion production. Ion yields from posts with subwavelength diameter show sharp resonances at high aspect ratios. The resonant enhancement in ion intensities can be modulated by adjusting, the periodicity. In addition to strong molecular ion formation, the presence of high-energy fragmentation channels is observed. Ion yields From NAPAs exhibit dramatic differences for p- and s-polarized laser beams. indicating that energy coupling is Similar 10 antenna arrays. These nanophotonic ion sources can Control the degree of ion fragmentation and could eventually be integrated with micromachined mass spectrometers and microfluidic devices. C1 [Walker, Bennett N.; Stolee, Jessica A.; Vertes, Akos] George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Pickel, Deanna L.; Retterer, Scott T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vertes, A (reprint author), 725 21st St NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM vertes@gwu.edu RI Walker, Bennett/G-5001-2010; Retterer, Scott/A-5256-2011; Pickel, Deanna/E-4778-2010; Vertes, Akos/B-7159-2008; OI Retterer, Scott/0000-0001-8534-1979; Vertes, Akos/0000-0001-5186-5352; WALKER, BENNETT/0000-0003-0221-1904 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-01ER15129]; Protea Biosciences, Inc.; Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Foundation, Inc. (ARCS) FX Financial support by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division within the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-01ER15129) and from Protea Biosciences, Inc. is acknowledged. B.N.W. and J.A.S. are grateful for the scholarship award from the Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Foundation, Inc. (ARCS). The NAPA structures Were nanofabricated, and a portion of the mass spectrometry data was obtained in the framework of a User Agreement (CNMS2008-249) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 32 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 25 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 11 BP 4835 EP 4840 DI 10.1021/jp9110103 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 570WH UT WOS:000275708600011 ER PT J AU Starodub, E Bartelt, NC McCarty, KF AF Starodub, Elena Bartelt, Norman C. McCarty, Kevin F. TI Oxidation of Graphene on Metals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; GROWTH; ADSORPTION; GRAPHITE; RU(0001); KINETICS; OXYGEN; CO AB We Use low-energy electron microscopy to investigate how graphene is removed from Ru(0001) and Ir(111) by reaction with oxygen. We find two mechanisms on Ru(0001). At short times, oxygen reacts with carbon monomers on the surrounding Ru surface, decreasing their concentration below the equilibrium value. This undersaturation causes a flux of carbon from graphene to the monomer gas. In this initial mechanism. graphene is etched at a rate that is given precisely by the same nonlinear dependence oil carbon monomer concentration that governs growth. Thus, during both growth and etching, carbon attaches and detaches to graphene as clusters of several carbon atoms. At later times, etching accelerates. We present evidence that this process involves intercalated oxygen, which destabilizes graphene. On Ir, this mechanism creates observable holes. It also occurs Mostly quickly near wrinkles in the graphene islands, depends oil the orientation of the graphene with respect to the Ir substrate, and, in contrast to the first mechanism, call Increase the density of carbon monomers. We also observe that both layers of bilayer graphene islands oil Ir etch together, not sequentially. C1 [Starodub, Elena; Bartelt, Norman C.; McCarty, Kevin F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Starodub, E (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM estarod@sandia.gov; mccarty@sandia.gov RI McCarty, Kevin/F-9368-2012; Bartelt, Norman/G-2927-2012 OI McCarty, Kevin/0000-0002-8601-079X; FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering a of the US DOE [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors acknowledge with pleasure a valuable discussion with Alex Chernov (LLNL) about mechanisms of crystal growth and etching. This work was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering a of the US DOE under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 26 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 25 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 11 BP 5134 EP 5140 DI 10.1021/jp912139e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 570WH UT WOS:000275708600051 ER PT J AU Newhouse, RJ Stavila, V Hwang, SJ Klebanoff, LE Zhang, JZ AF Newhouse, Rebecca J. Stavila, Vitalie Hwang, Son-Jong Klebanoff, Leonard E. Zhang, Jin Z. TI Reversibility and Improved Hydrogen Release of Magnesium Borohydride SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE NMR; WELL-CRYSTALLIZED MG(BH4)(2); METAL-BOROHYDRIDES; STORAGE MATERIALS; TI; SYSTEM; TETRAHYDROBORATE; DECOMPOSITION; NANOPARTICLES; LISC(BH4)(4) AB Desorption and subsequent rehydrogenation of Mg(BH4)(2) with and without 5 mol % TiF3 and ScCl3 have been investigated. Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) experiments revealed a significant increase ill the rate of desorption as well as the weight percentage of hydrogen released with additives Upon heating to 300 degrees C. Stable Mg(BxHy)(u) intermediates were formed at 300 degrees C, whereas MgB2 was the major product when heated to 600 degrees C. These samples were then rehydrogenated and subsequently characterized with powder X-ray diffraction (IARD), Raman, and NMR spectroscopy. We confirmed significant conversion of MgB2 to fully hydrogenated Mg(BH4)(2) for the sample with and without additives. TPD and NMR studies revealed that the additives have a significant effect on the reaction pathway during both dehydrogenation and rehydrogenation actions. This work suggests that the use of additives may provide a valid pathway for improving intrinsic hydrogen storage properties of magnesium borohydride. C1 [Newhouse, Rebecca J.; Stavila, Vitalie; Klebanoff, Leonard E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Newhouse, Rebecca J.; Zhang, Jin Z.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Hwang, Son-Jong] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Stavila, V (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM vnstavi@sandia.gov RI Stavila, Vitalie/F-4188-2010; Stavila, Vitalie/B-6464-2008 OI Stavila, Vitalie/0000-0003-0981-0432 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000, DE-AI-01-05EE11104, DE-AI-01-05EE11105]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [9724240, DMR-0520565]; Basic Energy Sciences (BES) Division of the US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-06ER46251] FX The authors would like to thank George Sartor, Ken Stewart, and Jeff Chames for their skillful technical assistance. Assistance in sample handling by Joseph Reiter at JPL and David Abrecht at Caltech are greatly appreciated. We would also like to thank Craig Jensen, Ewa R[cid:image001.png@01CAED3A.CB807540]nnebro, Joe Cordaro, and Mitch Anstey for helpful discussions. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, in the Hydrogen, Fuel Cells & Infrastructure Technologies Program under Contract Nos. DE-AC04-94AL85000, DE-AI-01-05EE11104, and DE-AI-01-05EE11105. The NMR facility at Caltech was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant Number 9724240 and partially supported by the MRSEC Program of the NSF under Award Number DMR-0520565. JZZ is grateful to support by the Basic Energy Sciences (BES) Division of the US Department of Energy (DOE) (DE-FG02-06ER46251). NR 54 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 7 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 25 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 11 BP 5224 EP 5232 DI 10.1021/jp9116744 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 570WH UT WOS:000275708600065 ER PT J AU Figueiredo, RB Beyerlein, IJ Zhilyaev, AP Langdon, TG AF Figueiredo, Roberto B. Beyerlein, Irene J. Zhilyaev, Alexander P. Langdon, Terence G. TI Evolution of texture in a magnesium alloy processed by ECAP through dies with different angles SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Equal-channel angular pressing; Magnesium alloys; Slip systems; Texture; Visco-plastic self-consistent simulations ID CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC TEXTURE; DUCTILITY ENHANCEMENT; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; DEFORMATION; COPPER; MICROSTRUCTURE; ROUTE; SLIP AB A fine-grained magnesium ZK60 alloy was used to study texture evolution during processing by equal-channel angular pressing. Experiments were conducted by pressing the alloy through dies having angles of 90 degrees, 110 degrees and 135 degrees and the textures were predicted using a visco-plastic self-consistent model. It is shown that the development of texture depends upon the channel angle within the die. Calculations indicate that, after basal < a > slip, there is significant prismatic < a > slip and pyramidal < a > slip activity during ECAP in all cases. This is a unique result attributed to the fine grain size and severe plastic deformation. The simulations also reveal evidence of geometrical softening in the first stage of deformation when using dies having channel angles of 90 degrees and 110 degrees. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Figueiredo, Roberto B.; Langdon, Terence G.] Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Figueiredo, Roberto B.; Langdon, Terence G.] Univ So Calif, Dept Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Beyerlein, Irene J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Zhilyaev, Alexander P.] CSIC, CENIM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Zhilyaev, Alexander P.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Superplast Problems, Ufa 450001, Russia. [Langdon, Terence G.] Univ Southampton, Sch Engn Sci, Mat Res Grp, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Langdon, TG (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM langdon@usc.edu RI Langdon, Terence/B-1487-2008; Zhilyaev, Alexander/E-5624-2010; Figueiredo, Roberto/F-3451-2012; Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011; OI Zhilyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1902-8703 FU CAPES/Fulbright Scholarship; Office of Basic Energy Science (DOE) [FWP 06SCPE401]; U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-08-1-0201] FX One of the authors (APZ) thanks Prof T.R. McNelley (Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA) for useful discussions and for support of the experimental measurements of texture. This work was supported by a CAPES/Fulbright Scholarship (RBF), the Office of Basic Energy Science (DOE) through Project FWP 06SCPE401 (IJB) and the U.S. Army Research Office under Grant No. W911NF-08-1-0201 (RBF and TGL). NR 45 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAR 25 PY 2010 VL 527 IS 7-8 BP 1709 EP 1718 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2009.10.061 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 569YQ UT WOS:000275639200008 ER PT J AU Zhao, YH Zhan, Q Topping, TD Li, Y Liu, W Lavernia, EJ AF Zhao, Y. H. Zhan, Q. Topping, T. D. Li, Y. Liu, W. Lavernia, E. J. TI Improving ductility in ultrafine grained nickel with porosity and segregation via deformation SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Nanostructured Ni; Nano-porosity; Grain boundary segregation; Ductility; Deformation ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; NANOCRYSTALLINE NICKEL; TENSILE BEHAVIOR; BOUNDARY MOTION; STRENGTH; COPPER; IMPURITIES; METALS; NI AB When bulk nanostructured (NS) materials are prepared via consolidation of individual particles, agglomerates or clusters, extraneous defects, such as porosity, insufficient bonding, and impurities are sometimes introduced leading to the degradation of ductility. in this study we propose to examine the hypothesis that deformation can be used to ameliorate the negative effects of these artifacts on the ductility of NS alloys. The approach involved cryomilling and forging to synthesize bulk NS nickel with porosity (95.5% theoretical density) and nitrogen grain boundary (GB) segregation. The results demonstrate that cold rolling resulted in an increase in tensile ductility from 2 to similar to 4%, with a slight decrease in yield strength from 1150 to 1050 MPa. Microstructural analyses suggest that the elimination of nano-porosity together with the physical breakdown of a continuous nitrogen layer at GBs during cold rolling is possibly responsible for the observed ductility enhancement, and in the case of the latter phenomena, a corresponding decrease in strength also. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Y. H.; Topping, T. D.; Li, Y.; Liu, W.; Lavernia, E. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Zhan, Q.] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Dept Mat Phys & Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Zhan, Q.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhao, YH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM yhzhao@ucdavis.edu RI Li, Ying/G-3908-2010; Zhao, Yonghao/A-8521-2009; Lavernia, Enrique/I-6472-2013; Liu, Wei/A-9357-2016 OI Li, Ying/0000-0003-3738-9307; Lavernia, Enrique/0000-0003-2124-8964; Liu, Wei/0000-0003-3016-7381 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-0370] FX Y.H. Zhao and E.J. Lavernia would like to acknowledge support by the Office of Naval Research (Grant number N00014-08-1-0370) with Dr. Lawrence Kabacoff as program officer. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAR 25 PY 2010 VL 527 IS 7-8 BP 1744 EP 1750 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2009.10.064 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 569YQ UT WOS:000275639200012 ER PT J AU Bei, H Yamamoto, Y Brady, MP Santella, ML AF Bei, H. Yamamoto, Y. Brady, M. P. Santella, M. L. TI Aging effects on the mechanical properties of alumina-forming austenitic stainless steels SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Mechanical characterization; Aging; Intermetallics; Steel; Fracture ID COAL POWER-PLANTS; CREEP-RESISTANT; SCALE FORMATION; MICROSTRUCTURES; TEMPERATURE; ADDITIONS; ALLOY; PRECIPITATION; BEHAVIOR; PHASE AB Isothermal aging and tensile evaluation were conducted for recently developed alumina-forming austenitic stainless steels (AFAs). Microstructural observation reveals that NiAl-type B2 and F(e)2(Mo,Nb)type Laves phase precipitates form as dominant second phases in the austenitic matrix during aging at 750 degrees C. At room temperature these precipitates increase the strength but decrease the ductility of the AFA alloys. However, when tested at 750 degrees C, the AFA alloys did not show strong precipitation hardening by these phases, moreover, the elongation to fracture was not affected by aging. Fracture surface and cross-sectional microstructure analysis after tensile testing suggests that the difference of mechanical behaviors between room temperature and 750 degrees C results from the ductile-brittle transition of the B2 precipitates. At room temperature, B2 precipitates are strong but brittle, whereas they become weak but ductile above the ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bei, H.; Yamamoto, Y.; Brady, M. P.; Santella, M. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bei, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM BeiH@ornl.gov; Bradymp@ornl.gov RI Brady, Michael/A-8122-2008; OI Brady, Michael/0000-0003-1338-4747; Bei, Hongbin/0000-0003-0283-7990 FU United States Department of Energy (USDOE) Fossil Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The authors thank Drs. A. Gali and L. Tan in ORNL for reviewing this manuscript. This work was funded by the United States Department of Energy (USDOE) Fossil Energy Advanced Research Materials program. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC (Oak Ridge, TN), for the USDOE under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. The authors also acknowledge the SHaRE User Facility at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, sponsored by the USDOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Scientific User Facilities. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAR 25 PY 2010 VL 527 IS 7-8 BP 2079 EP 2086 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2009.11.052 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 569YQ UT WOS:000275639200059 ER PT J AU Krivanek, OL Chisholm, MF Nicolosi, V Pennycook, TJ Corbin, GJ Dellby, N Murfitt, MF Own, CS Szilagyi, ZS Oxley, MP Pantelides, ST Pennycook, SJ AF Krivanek, Ondrej L. Chisholm, Matthew F. Nicolosi, Valeria Pennycook, Timothy J. Corbin, George J. Dellby, Niklas Murfitt, Matthew F. Own, Christopher S. Szilagyi, Zoltan S. Oxley, Mark P. Pantelides, Sokrates T. Pennycook, Stephen J. TI Atom-by-atom structural and chemical analysis by annular dark-field electron microscopy SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SUB-ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; SINGLE ATOMS; GRAPHITE; NITROGEN; GRAPHENE; CARBON; OXYGEN; BORON AB Direct imaging and chemical identification of all the atoms in a material with unknown three-dimensional structure would constitute a very powerful general analysis tool. Transmission electron microscopy should in principle be able to fulfil this role, as many scientists including Feynman realized early on(1). It images matter with electrons that scatter strongly from individual atoms and whose wavelengths are about 50 times smaller than an atom. Recently the technique has advanced greatly owing to the introduction of aberration-corrected optics(2-8). However, neither electron microscopy nor any other experimental technique has yet been able to resolve and identify all the atoms in a non-periodic material consisting of several atomic species. Here we show that annular dark-field imaging in an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope optimized for low voltage operation can resolve and identify the chemical type of every atom in monolayer hexagonal boron nitride that contains substitutional defects. Three types of atomic substitutions were found and identified: carbon substituting for boron, carbon substituting for nitrogen, and oxygen substituting for nitrogen. The substitutions caused in-plane distortions in the boron nitride monolayer of about 0.1 angstrom magnitude, which were directly resolved, and verified by density functional theory calculations. The results demonstrate that atom-by-atom structural and chemical analysis of all radiation-damage-resistant atoms present in, and on top of, ultrathin sheets has now become possible. C1 [Krivanek, Ondrej L.; Corbin, George J.; Dellby, Niklas; Murfitt, Matthew F.; Own, Christopher S.; Szilagyi, Zoltan S.] Nion Co, Kirkland, WA 98033 USA. [Chisholm, Matthew F.; Pennycook, Timothy J.; Oxley, Mark P.; Pantelides, Sokrates T.; Pennycook, Stephen J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Nicolosi, Valeria] Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. [Pennycook, Timothy J.; Oxley, Mark P.; Pantelides, Sokrates T.; Pennycook, Stephen J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Krivanek, OL (reprint author), Nion Co, 1102 8th St, Kirkland, WA 98033 USA. EM krivanek@nion.com RI Pennycook, Timothy/B-4946-2014 OI Pennycook, Timothy/0000-0002-0008-6516 FU Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering of the US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-09ER46554]; McMinn Endowment FX We thank L. M. Brown, J.N. Coleman, P. Rez and J. C. H. Spence for discussions. Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory ( M. F. C., T. J. P., M. P. O., S. T. P. and S. J. P.) was sponsored by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering of the US Department of Energy. Research at Vanderbilt was supported in part by the US Department of Energy grant DE-FG02-09ER46554 and the McMinn Endowment. Computations were performed at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. NR 28 TC 440 Z9 441 U1 28 U2 345 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 25 PY 2010 VL 464 IS 7288 BP 571 EP 574 DI 10.1038/nature08879 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 574FL UT WOS:000275974200043 PM 20336141 ER PT J AU Bond-Lamberty, B Thomson, A AF Bond-Lamberty, Ben Thomson, Allison TI Temperature-associated increases in the global soil respiration record SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON; BOREAL; CO2; SENSITIVITY; VEGETATION; DECOMPOSITION; DATABASE AB Soil respiration, R(S), the flux of microbially and plant-respired carbon dioxide (CO(2)) from the soil surface to the atmosphere, is the second-largest terrestrial carbon flux(1-3). However, the dynamics of R(S) are not well understood and the global flux remains poorly constrained(4,5). Ecosystem warming experiments(6,7), modelling analyses(8,9) and fundamental biokinetics(10) all suggest that R(S) should change with climate. This has been difficult to confirm observationally because of the high spatial variability of R(S), inaccessibility of the soil medium and the inability of remote-sensing instruments to measure R(S) on large scales. Despite these constraints, it may be possible to discern climate-driven changes in regional or global R(S) values in the extant four-decade record of R(S) chamber measurements. Here we construct a database of worldwide R(S) observations matched with high-resolution historical climate data and find a previously unknown temporal trend in the R(S) record after accounting for mean annual climate, leaf area, nitrogen deposition and changes in CO(2) measurement technique. We find that the air temperature anomaly (the deviation from the 1961-1990 mean) is significantly and positively correlated with changes in R(S). We estimate that the global R(S) in 2008 (that is, the flux integrated over the Earth's land surface over 2008) was 98 +/- 12 Pg C and that it increased by 0.1 Pg C yr(-1) between 1989 and 2008, implying a global R(S) response to air temperature (Q(10)) of 1.5. An increasing global R(S) value does not necessarily constitute a positive feedback to the atmosphere, as it could be driven by higher carbon inputs to soil rather than by mobilization of stored older carbon. The available data are, however, consistent with an acceleration of the terrestrial carbon cycle in response to global climate change. C1 [Bond-Lamberty, Ben; Thomson, Allison] Univ Maryland, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Bond-Lamberty, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 3500, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM bondlamberty@pnl.gov RI Thomson, Allison/B-1254-2010; Bond-Lamberty, Ben/C-6058-2008 OI Bond-Lamberty, Ben/0000-0001-9525-4633 FU US Department of Energy Office of Science; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX This research was supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Science and the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. It would not have been possible without the thousands of researchers who measured and published the data collected here. We thank B. Melchior for his assistance. NR 30 TC 386 Z9 472 U1 38 U2 355 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 25 PY 2010 VL 464 IS 7288 BP 579 EP U132 DI 10.1038/nature08930 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 574FL UT WOS:000275974200045 PM 20336143 ER PT J AU Chapman, JA Kirkness, EF Simakov, O Hampson, SE Mitros, T Weinmaier, T Rattei, T Balasubramanian, PG Borman, J Busam, D Disbennett, K Pfannkoch, C Sumin, N Sutton, GG Viswanathan, LD Walenz, B Goodstein, DM Hellsten, U Kawashima, T Prochnik, SE Putnam, NH Shu, SQ Blumberg, B Dana, CE Gee, L Kibler, DF Law, L Lindgens, D Martinez, DE Peng, JS Wigge, PA Bertulat, B Guder, C Nakamura, Y Ozbek, S Watanabe, H Khalturin, K Hemmrich, G Franke, A Augustin, R Fraune, S Hayakawa, E Hayakawa, S Hirose, M Hwang, JS Ikeo, K Nishimiya-Fujisawa, C Ogura, A Takahashi, T Steinmetz, PRH Zhang, XM Aufschnaiter, R Eder, MK Gorny, AK Salvenmoser, W Heimberg, AM Wheeler, BM Peterson, KJ Boettger, A Tischler, P Wolf, A Gojobori, T Remington, KA Strausberg, RL Venter, JC Technau, U Hobmayer, B Bosch, TCG Holstein, TW Fujisawa, T Bode, HR David, CN Rokhsar, DS Steele, RE AF Chapman, Jarrod A. Kirkness, Ewen F. Simakov, Oleg Hampson, Steven E. Mitros, Therese Weinmaier, Thomas Rattei, Thomas Balasubramanian, Prakash G. Borman, Jon Busam, Dana Disbennett, Kathryn Pfannkoch, Cynthia Sumin, Nadezhda Sutton, Granger G. Viswanathan, Lakshmi Devi Walenz, Brian Goodstein, David M. Hellsten, Uffe Kawashima, Takeshi Prochnik, Simon E. Putnam, Nicholas H. Shu, Shengquiang Blumberg, Bruce Dana, Catherine E. Gee, Lydia Kibler, Dennis F. Law, Lee Lindgens, Dirk Martinez, Daniel E. Peng, Jisong Wigge, Philip A. Bertulat, Bianca Guder, Corina Nakamura, Yukio Ozbek, Suat Watanabe, Hiroshi Khalturin, Konstantin Hemmrich, Georg Franke, Andre Augustin, Rene Fraune, Sebastian Hayakawa, Eisuke Hayakawa, Shiho Hirose, Mamiko Hwang, Jung Shan Ikeo, Kazuho Nishimiya-Fujisawa, Chiemi Ogura, Atshushi Takahashi, Toshio Steinmetz, Patrick R. H. Zhang, Xiaoming Aufschnaiter, Roland Eder, Marie-Kristin Gorny, Anne-Kathrin Salvenmoser, Willi Heimberg, Alysha M. Wheeler, Benjamin M. Peterson, Kevin J. Boettger, Angelika Tischler, Patrick Wolf, Alexander Gojobori, Takashi Remington, Karin A. Strausberg, Robert L. Venter, J. Craig Technau, Ulrich Hobmayer, Bert Bosch, Thomas C. G. Holstein, Thomas W. Fujisawa, Toshitaka Bode, Hans R. David, Charles N. Rokhsar, Daniel S. Steele, Robert E. TI The dynamic genome of Hydra SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID BASAL METAZOAN HYDRA; STEM-CELLS; TYROSINE KINASE; SEA-ANEMONE; HOX CLUSTER; GENE; MOLECULES; MAINTENANCE; CNIDARIANS; EXPRESSION AB The freshwater cnidarian Hydra was first described in 1702(1) and has been the object of study for 300 years. Experimental studies of Hydra between 1736 and 1744 culminated in the discovery of asexual reproduction of an animal by budding, the first description of regeneration in an animal, and successful transplantation of tissue between animals(2). Today, Hydra is an important model for studies of axial patterning(3), stem cell biology(4) and regeneration(5). Here we report the genome of Hydra magnipapillata and compare it to the genomes of the anthozoan Nematostella vectensis(6) and other animals. The Hydra genome has been shaped by bursts of transposable element expansion, horizontal gene transfer, trans-splicing, and simplification of gene structure and gene content that parallel simplification of the Hydra life cycle. We also report the sequence of the genome of a novel bacterium stably associated with H. magnipapillata. Comparisons of the Hydra genome to the genomes of other animals shed light on the evolution of epithelia, contractile tissues, developmentally regulated transcription factors, the Spemann-Mangold organizer, pluripotency genes and the neuromuscular junction. C1 [Blumberg, Bruce; Dana, Catherine E.; Gee, Lydia; Law, Lee; Lindgens, Dirk; Peng, Jisong; Bode, Hans R.; Steele, Robert E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Dev Biol, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Chapman, Jarrod A.; Goodstein, David M.; Hellsten, Uffe; Prochnik, Simon E.; Putnam, Nicholas H.; Shu, Shengquiang] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Kirkness, Ewen F.; Borman, Jon; Busam, Dana; Disbennett, Kathryn; Pfannkoch, Cynthia; Sumin, Nadezhda; Sutton, Granger G.; Viswanathan, Lakshmi Devi; Walenz, Brian; Remington, Karin A.; Strausberg, Robert L.; Venter, J. Craig] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Simakov, Oleg; Balasubramanian, Prakash G.; Bertulat, Bianca; Guder, Corina; Nakamura, Yukio; Ozbek, Suat; Watanabe, Hiroshi; Holstein, Thomas W.] Univ Heidelberg, Dept Mol Evolut & Genom, Inst Zool, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Simakov, Oleg; Mitros, Therese; Kawashima, Takeshi; Putnam, Nicholas H.; Rokhsar, Daniel S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Ctr Integrat Genom, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hampson, Steven E.; Kibler, Dennis F.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Comp Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Weinmaier, Thomas; Rattei, Thomas; Tischler, Patrick] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Genome Oriented Bioinformat, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. [Blumberg, Bruce; Gee, Lydia; Law, Lee; Lindgens, Dirk; Peng, Jisong; Bode, Hans R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Dev & Cell Biol, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Dana, Catherine E.; Steele, Robert E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Biol Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Martinez, Daniel E.] Pomona Coll, Dept Biol, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Wigge, Philip A.] Salk Inst Biol Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Khalturin, Konstantin; Hemmrich, Georg; Franke, Andre; Augustin, Rene; Fraune, Sebastian; Bosch, Thomas C. G.] Univ Kiel, Inst Zool, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. [Hayakawa, Eisuke; Hayakawa, Shiho; Hirose, Mamiko; Hwang, Jung Shan; Ikeo, Kazuho; Nishimiya-Fujisawa, Chiemi; Ogura, Atshushi; Gojobori, Takashi; Fujisawa, Toshitaka] Natl Inst Genet, Mishima, Shizuoka 4118540, Japan. [Takahashi, Toshio] Suntory Inst Bioorgan Res, Osaka 6188503, Japan. [Steinmetz, Patrick R. H.; Technau, Ulrich] Univ Vienna, Dept Mol Evolut & Dev, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Zhang, Xiaoming] Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. [Aufschnaiter, Roland; Eder, Marie-Kristin; Gorny, Anne-Kathrin; Salvenmoser, Willi; Hobmayer, Bert] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Zool, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Aufschnaiter, Roland; Eder, Marie-Kristin; Gorny, Anne-Kathrin; Salvenmoser, Willi; Hobmayer, Bert] Univ Innsbruck, Ctr Mol Biosci, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Heimberg, Alysha M.; Peterson, Kevin J.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Wheeler, Benjamin M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Boettger, Angelika; Wolf, Alexander; David, Charles N.] Univ Munich, Dept Biol 2, D-82152 Planegg Martinsried, Germany. RP Steele, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Dev Biol, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. EM dsrokhsar@gmail.com; resteele@uci.edu RI Putnam, Nicholas/B-9968-2008; Wigge, Philip/B-3333-2010; Franke, Andre/B-2151-2010; Fraune, Sebastian/B-7970-2010; Bosch, Thomas/D-5218-2011; Rattei, Thomas/F-1366-2011; Bertulat, Bianca/F-5330-2012; Hemmrich-Stanisak, Georg/D-4319-2012; Wolf, Alexander/K-2178-2013; Ozbek, Suat/D-3701-2014; Guder, Corina/L-8413-2014; Simakov, Oleg/G-4572-2015; Kawashima, Takeshi/M-4510-2015 OI Technau, Ulrich/0000-0003-4472-8258; Wolf, Alexander/0000-0003-0649-3363; Wigge, Philip/0000-0003-4822-361X; Putnam, Nicholas/0000-0002-1315-782X; Franke, Andre/0000-0003-1530-5811; Weinmaier, Thomas/0000-0002-9552-3220; Rattei, Thomas/0000-0002-0592-7791; Hemmrich-Stanisak, Georg/0000-0002-2896-4691; Guder, Corina/0000-0002-8438-5168; Simakov, Oleg/0000-0002-3585-4511; FU National Science Foundation [IBN-0120591]; NSF [DEB-0716960]; Austrian Science Fund; Norwegian Research Council; Austrian Science Fund [FWF P16685, FWF P20734]; R. Melmon and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB617-A1, SFB488-A12]; TOYOBO Biotechnology Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX We are grateful to S. Clifton, R. Wilson and the EST sequencing group at the Genome Sequencing Center at the Washington University School of Medicine for their efforts in generating the Hydra ESTs and to the National Science Foundation for its support of the Hydra EST project (grant number IBN-0120591). Funding for the sequencing of the Hydra genome was provided by the National Human Genome Research Institute. We thank J. Gerhart who, as co-chair of the National Human Genome Research Institute Working Group on Comparative Genome Evolution, advocated sequencing of the Hydra genome. The septate junction electron micrograph in Fig. 3 was provided by G. Rieger. K. J. P. thanks N. Margulis for technical assistance and the NSF for support ( grant number DEB-0716960). U. T. was supported by the Austrian Science Fund and the Norwegian Research Council. B. H. was supported by Austrian Science Fund grants FWF P16685 and FWF P20734. D. S. R. was supported by R. Melmon and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Work at the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute was supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. T. F. and T. G. were supported by Grants-In-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan. T. C. G. B. was supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft ( DFG SFB617-A1) and from the DFG Cluster of Excellence programs 'The Future Ocean' and 'Inflammation at Interfaces'. T. W. H. was supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft including SFB488-A12 and the DFG Cluster of Excellence program 'CellNetworks'. Support for H. W. was provided by the TOYOBO Biotechnology Foundation and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. Support for A. B., B. B., C. G., C. N. D., H. W., P. G. B., S. O., T. F. (Mercator Professor) and Y. N. was provided by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. NR 30 TC 338 Z9 361 U1 3 U2 76 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 25 PY 2010 VL 464 IS 7288 BP 592 EP 596 DI 10.1038/nature08830 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 574FL UT WOS:000275974200048 PM 20228792 ER PT J AU Pepper, SE Borkowski, M Richmann, MK Reed, DT AF Pepper, S. E. Borkowski, M. Richmann, M. K. Reed, D. T. TI Determination of ferrous and ferric iron in aqueous biological solutions SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Fe(2+) determination; Fe(3+) determination; HDEHP extraction; Ferrozine method; Shewanella alga BrY ID ACIDIC ORGANOPHOSPHORUS EXTRACTANTS; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHOSPHORIC-ACID; CORROSION PRODUCTS; ORTHOPHOSPHORIC ACID; REDUCTION; MECHANISM; URANIUM; FE(III); MEDIA; STEEL AB A solvent extraction method was employed to determine ferrous and ferric iron in aqueous samples. Fe(3+) is selectively extracted into the organic phase (n-heptane) using HDEHP (bis(2-ethylhexyl) hydrogen phosphate) and is then stripped using a strong acid. After separation, both oxidation states and the total iron content were determined directly by ICP-MS analysis. This extraction method was refined to allow determination of both iron oxidation states in the presence of strong complexing ligands, such as citrate, NTA and EDTA. The accuracy of the method was verified by crosschecking using a refinement of the ferrozine assay. Presented results demonstrate the ability of the extraction method to work in a microbiological system in the presence of strong chelating agents following the bioreduction of Fe(3+) by the Shewanella alga BrY. Based on the results we report, a robust approach was defined to separately analyze Fe(3+) and Fe(2+) under a wide range of potential scenarios in subsurface environments where radionuclide/metal contamination may coexist with strongly complexing organic contaminants. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pepper, S. E.; Borkowski, M.; Richmann, M. K.; Reed, D. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. RP Borkowski, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, 1400 Univ Dr, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. EM marian@lanl.gov FU DOE-Carlsbad Field Office; Environmental Remediation Science Program (DOE-OBER/OS) FX This work was performed under the Los Alamos Actinide Chemistry and Repository Science Program at the Carlsbad Environmental Monitoring and Research Center operated by New Mexico State University. Funding was provided in part by DOE-Carlsbad Field Office and by the Environmental Remediation Science Program (DOE-OBER/OS). NR 40 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD MAR 24 PY 2010 VL 663 IS 2 BP 172 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2010.01.056 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 574RM UT WOS:000276010500008 PM 20206007 ER PT J AU Chen, SF Mowery, RA Sevcik, RS Scarlata, CJ Chambliss, CK AF Chen, Shou-Feng Mowery, Richard A. Sevcik, Richard S. Scarlata, Christopher J. Chambliss, C. Kevin TI Compositional Analysis of Water-Soluble Materials in Switchgrass SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Switchgrass; compositional analysis; extractives; biomass; value-added products water-soluble materials; feedstock ID DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; CORN STOVER; BIOMASS; ETHANOL; PRETREATMENT; FEEDSTOCKS; BIOENERGY; ENERGY AB Any valuation of a potential feedstock for bioprocessing is inherently dependent upon detailed knowledge of its chemical composition. Accepted analytical procedures for compositional analysis of biomass water-soluble extracts currently enable near-quantitative mass closure on a dry weight basis. Techniques developed in conjunction with a previous analytical assessment of corn stover have been applied to assess the composition of water-soluble materials in four representative switchgrass samples. To date, analytical characterization of water-soluble material in switchgrass has resulted in >78% mass closures for all four switchgrass samples, three of which have a mass closure of >85%. Over 30 previously unknown constituents in aqueous extracts of switchgrass were identified and quantified using a variety of chromatographic techniques. Carbohydrates (primarily sucrose, glucose, and fructose) were found to be the predominant water-soluble components of switchgrass, accounting for 18-27% of the dry weight of extractives. Total glycans (monomeric and oligomeric sugars) contributed 25-32% to the dry weight of extractives. Additional constituents contributing to the mass balance for extractives included various alditols (2-3%), organic acids (10-13%), inorganic ions (11-13%), and a distribution of oligomers presumed to represent a diverse mixture of lignin-carbohydrate complexes (30-35%). Switchgrass results are compared with previous analyses of corn stover extracts and presented in the context of their potential impact on biomass processing, feedstock storage, and future analyses of feedstock composition. C1 [Chen, Shou-Feng; Mowery, Richard A.; Sevcik, Richard S.; Chambliss, C. Kevin] Baylor Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Scarlata, Christopher J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Chambliss, CK (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 1 Bear Pl,Box 97348, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM kevin_chambliss@baylor.edu OI Chambliss, Kevin/0000-0003-3888-6890 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 24 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 6 BP 3251 EP 3258 DI 10.1021/jf9033877 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 570XB UT WOS:000275710700002 PM 20170111 ER PT J AU Zhang, AP Lu, FC Sun, RC Ralph, J AF Zhang, Aiping Lu, Fachuang Sun, Run-Cang Ralph, John TI Isolation of Cellulolytic Enzyme Lignin from Wood Preswollen/Dissolved in Dimethyl Sulfoxide/N-Methylimidazole SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Lignin; cellulolytic enzyme; cell wall; dissolution; HSQC; Isolation method ID IONIC LIQUIDS; CELL-WALLS; DISSOLUTION; CHLORIDE; SOLVENT; NMR AB Attempts were made to enhance polysaccharide digestibility by crude cellulases in the isolation of cellulolytic enzyme lignin (CEL) by dissolution of ball-milled wood in a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/N-methylimidazole solvent system as a pretreatment step. Wood regenerated from the DMSO/N-methylimidazole solution was hydrolyzed with crude cellulases for 48 h, removing 73.7 and 66.9% of the original carbohydrate for basswood and loblolly pine, respectively; only 61.7 and 49.2% were hydrolyzed by the crude cellulases without pretreatment. The yields of CEL isolated from regenerated ball-milled wood samples were therefore higher than those directly from ball-milled wood material, presumably via decreasing crystallinity of cellulose. For basswood, the yields of lignin were 45.8 and 36.5% (based on Klason lignin); for loblolly pine, the yields were 35.3 and 30.5%. The isolated lignins were structurally examined using two-dimensional heteronuclear single-quantum coherence ((1)H-(13)C HSQC) NMR methods, which showed that the main structural characteristics of the lignin fractions obtained using these two methods are similar except for slightly higher amounts of carbohydrates in the solvent dissolution product. C1 [Lu, Fachuang; Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Lu, Fachuang; Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Zhang, Aiping; Sun, Run-Cang] S China Univ Technol, State Key Lab Pulp & Paper Engn, Guangzhou 510641, Peoples R China. [Sun, Run-Cang] Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RP Lu, FC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, 1710 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM fachuanglu@wisc.edu FU Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin; U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center FX Received for review November 14, 2009. Revised manuscript received February 5, 2010. Accepted February 08, 2010. We are grateful to the China Scholarship Committee, Slate Education Department, for supporting A.Z. as a visiting scholar in the Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, and at the U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center. NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 24 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 6 BP 3446 EP 3450 DI 10.1021/jf903998d PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 570XB UT WOS:000275710700029 PM 20158201 ER PT J AU Soyer-Uzun, S Benmore, CJ Siewenie, JE Sen, S AF Soyer-Uzun, S. Benmore, C. J. Siewenie, J. E. Sen, S. TI The nature of intermediate-range order in Ge-As-S glasses: results from reverse Monte Carlo modeling SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; SOLID-STATE NMR; X-RAY; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; SULFIDE GLASSES; AMORPHOUS-SEMICONDUCTORS; CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES; SELENIUM GLASSES; CHEMICAL ORDER; TE GLASSES AB The experimental neutron and x-ray diffraction data for stoichiometric and S-deficient Ge(x)As(x)S(100-2x) glasses with x = 18.2, 25.0, and 33.3 at.% have been modeled simultaneously using the reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) technique. Nearest-neighbor coordination environments, as obtained in previous x-ray absorption spectroscopy and diffraction experiments, have been employed as short-range order constraints in these simulations. The large scale three-dimensional structural models thus obtained from RMC simulation are used to investigate the nature and compositional evolution of intermediate-range structural order in these ternary glasses. The intermediate-range structural order is controlled by (1) a corner-shared three-dimensional network of AsS(3) pyramids and GeS(4) tetrahedra in the stoichiometric Ge(18.2)As(18.2)S(63.6) glass, (2) a heterogeneous structure that consists of homopolar bonded As-rich regions coexisting with a GeS(2) network in the S-deficient Ge(25)As(25)S(50) glass, and (3) a homogeneous structure resulting from the disruption of the topological continuity of the GeS(2) network and As-rich clusters regions due to the formation of Ge-As bonds in the most S-deficient Ge(33.3)As(33.3)S(33.3) glass. This scenario of the compositional evolution of intermediate-range structural order is consistent with and provides an atomistic explanation of the corresponding evolution in the position, width and intensity of the first sharp diffraction peak and the magnitude of small angle scattering in these glasses. C1 [Soyer-Uzun, S.; Sen, S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Benmore, C. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Siewenie, J. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Soyer-Uzun, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. OI Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749 FU National Science Foundation [DMR 0906070]; Argonne National Laboratory; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant DMR 0906070. The work at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAR 24 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 11 AR 115404 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/22/11/115404 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 564OC UT WOS:000275223400009 PM 21389466 ER PT J AU Hocking, RK George, SD Raymond, KN Hodgson, KO Hedman, B Solomon, EI AF Hocking, Rosalie K. George, Serena DeBeer Raymond, Kenneth N. Hodgson, Keith O. Hedman, Britt Solomon, Edward I. TI Fe L-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Determination of Differential Orbital Covalency of Siderophore Model Compounds: Electronic Structure Contributions to High Stability Constants SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IRON TRANSPORT COMPOUNDS; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; SUBSTRATE ACTIVATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COMPLEXES; IRON(III); LIGANDS; ENTEROBACTIN; PLASTOCYANIN; SOLVATION AB Most bacteria and fungi produce low-molecular-weight iron chelators called siderophores. Although different siderophore structures have been characterized, the iron-binding moieties often contain catecholate or hydroxamate groups. Siderophores function because of their extraordinarily high stability constants (K-STAB = 10(30)-10(49)) and selectivity for Fe(Ill), yet the origin of these high stability constants has been difficult to quantify experimentally. Herein, we utilize Fe L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy to determine the differential orbital covalency (i.e., the differences in the mixing of the metal d-orbitals with ligand valence orbitals) of a series of siderophore model compounds. The results enable evaluation of the electronic structure contributions to their high stability constants in terms of sigma- and pi-donor covalent bonding, ionic bonding, and solvent effects. The results indicate substantial differences in the covalent contributions to stability constants of hydroxamate and catecholate complexes and show that increased sigma as well as pi bonding contributes to the high stability constants of catecholate complexes. C1 [Raymond, Kenneth N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hocking, Rosalie K.; Hodgson, Keith O.; Solomon, Edward I.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hocking, Rosalie K.] Monash Univ, Monash Ctr Synchrotron Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Hocking, Rosalie K.] Monash Univ, Sch Chem, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [George, Serena DeBeer; Hodgson, Keith O.; Hedman, Britt; Solomon, Edward I.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Raymond, KN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM edward.solomon@stantord.edu RI DeBeer, Serena/G-6718-2012; Hocking, Rosalie/F-5763-2013 OI Hocking, Rosalie/0000-0002-2213-8786 FU NIH [GM-40392, RR-01209, A111744]; NSF [CHE-0446304]; U.S. DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX R.K.H. thanks Dr. Erik C. Wasinger and Dr. Ritimukta Sarangi for their assistance with the multiplet program and beam fine operations at SSRL. We would like to acknowledge early contributions to this work by Dr. Tami Westre, Ms. Ekaterina Y. Shishova, and Drs. Emily Dertz and Jide Xu. This work was supported by grants from the NIH GM-40392 and NSF CHE-0446304 to E.I.S., NIH RR-01209 to K.O.H, and NIH A111744 to K.N.R. The synchrotron data described herein were collected at SSRL, which is funded by the U.S. DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the NIH National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program, and by the U.S. DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NCI national facility in Australia and the Monash Sun Grid are acknowledged for access to Computer time. NR 72 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 52 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 24 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 11 BP 4006 EP 4015 DI 10.1021/ja9090098 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 572XC UT WOS:000275868700061 PM 20187651 ER PT J AU Mao, YL Stocks, GM Zhong, JX AF Mao, Yuliang Stocks, G. Malcolm Zhong, Jianxin TI First-principles study of the doping effects in bilayer graphene SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE; BERRYS PHASE; SCATTERING; BANDGAP AB We used first-principles calculations to study the doping effects in bilayer graphene, focusing on Au substitute doping in the upper layer of graphene. We found that Au doping in the upper layer maintains the lattice structure of the lower graphene layer. Our study on binding energy shows that the Au-doped bilayer structure is stable with Au atom tightly confined in a small region between the upper and lower layers. Charge density analysis indicates that charge is transferred from the Au donor to the carbon atoms in the lower layer, increasing the carrier density in the lower graphene. C1 [Mao, Yuliang; Zhong, Jianxin] Xiangtan Univ, Fac Mat Optoelect & Phys, Lab Quantum Engn & Micronano Energy Technol, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Stocks, G. Malcolm] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mao, YL (reprint author), Xiangtan Univ, Fac Mat Optoelect & Phys, Lab Quantum Engn & Micronano Energy Technol, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, Peoples R China. EM ylmao@xtu.edu.cn RI Stocks, George Malcollm/Q-1251-2016 OI Stocks, George Malcollm/0000-0002-9013-260X FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [10774127, 10947173]; Research Foundation of Hunan Provincial Education Department [09B103]; Research Foundation of XiangTan University [09QDZ07]; Chang Jiang Scholars Program; Ministry of Education, China [708068]; DOE Office of Science [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX We thank the referees for their constructive comments and suggestions. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos 10774127 and 10947173), by Research Foundation of Hunan Provincial Education Department (no. 09B103), by the Research Foundation of XiangTan University (no. 09QDZ07), by the Chang Jiang Scholars Program and Project no. 708068, Ministry of Education, China, and partially by the Materials Sciences and Engineering Division Program of the DOE Office of Science under contract no. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 23 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD MAR 24 PY 2010 VL 12 AR 033046 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/12/3/033046 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 574GG UT WOS:000275976700008 ER PT J AU Jakobsson, HE Jernberg, C Andersson, AF Sjolund-Karlsson, M Jansson, JK Engstrand, L AF Jakobsson, Hedvig E. Jernberg, Cecilia Andersson, Anders F. Sjolund-Karlsson, Maria Jansson, Janet K. Engstrand, Lars TI Short-Term Antibiotic Treatment Has Differing Long-Term Impacts on the Human Throat and Gut Microbiome SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION; INTESTINAL MICROFLORA; RESISTANCE GENES; MACROLIDE RESISTANCE; CLARITHROMYCIN; FLORA; POPULATIONS; PERSISTENCE AB Antibiotic administration is the standard treatment for the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, the main causative agent of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. However, the long-term consequences of this treatment on the human indigenous microbiota are relatively unexplored. Here we studied short-and long-term effects of clarithromycin and metronidazole treatment, a commonly used therapy regimen against H. pylori, on the indigenous microbiota in the throat and in the lower intestine. The bacterial compositions in samples collected over a four-year period were monitored by analyzing the 16S rRNA gene using 454-based pyrosequencing and terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). While the microbial communities of untreated control subjects were relatively stable over time, dramatic shifts were observed one week after antibiotic treatment with reduced bacterial diversity in all treated subjects in both locations. While the microbiota of the different subjects responded uniquely to the antibiotic treatment some general trends could be observed; such as a dramatic decline in Actinobacteria in both throat and feces immediately after treatment. Although the diversity of the microbiota subsequently recovered to resemble the pre treatment states, the microbiota remained perturbed in some cases for up to four years post treatment. In addition, four years after treatment high levels of the macrolide resistance gene erm(B) were found, indicating that antibiotic resistance, once selected for, can persist for longer periods of time than previously recognized. This highlights the importance of a restrictive antibiotic usage in order to prevent subsequent treatment failure and potential spread of antibiotic resistance. C1 [Jakobsson, Hedvig E.; Jernberg, Cecilia; Andersson, Anders F.; Sjolund-Karlsson, Maria; Engstrand, Lars] Swedish Inst Infect Dis, Dept Bacteriol, Solna, Sweden. [Jakobsson, Hedvig E.; Engstrand, Lars] Karolinska Inst, Dept Microbiol Tumor & Cell Biol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Andersson, Anders F.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Uppsala, Sweden. [Jansson, Janet K.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Microbiol, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Jansson, Janet K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Ecol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jakobsson, HE (reprint author), Swedish Inst Infect Dis, Dept Bacteriol, Solna, Sweden. EM lars.engstrand@smi.se OI Andersson, Anders/0000-0002-3627-6899 FU Ekhaga foundation; Soderberg foundation; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The Ekhaga foundation and the Soderberg foundation, and in part by the U. S. Department of Energy Contact DE-AC02-05CH11231 with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 261 Z9 270 U1 16 U2 110 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 24 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 3 AR e9836 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0009836 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 573FT UT WOS:000275894500009 PM 20352091 ER PT J AU Azarov, AY Titov, AI Karaseov, PA Kucheyev, SO Hallen, A Kuznetsov, AY Svensson, BG Pathak, AP AF Azarov, A. Yu. Titov, A. I. Karaseov, P. A. Kucheyev, S. O. Hallen, A. Kuznetsov, A. Yu. Svensson, B. G. Pathak, A. P. TI Structural damage in ZnO bombarded by heavy ions SO VACUUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on the Interaction of Ions with Surfaces CY AUG 21-25, 2009 CL Zvenigorod, RUSSIA SP Russian Acad Sci, Guest House DE Ion implantation; Defects; ZnO AB The effect of implantation parameters on damage build-up in ZnO bombarded with Bi and Er ions is studied by Rutherford backscattering/channelling spectrometry. The results show that the damage accumulation behaviour in ZnO is different dramatically from that in other semiconductors. In particular, a variation of implantation parameters, such as collision cascade density, sample temperature and ion flux, has only a minor influence on the damage accumulation in the crystal bulk for the case of such heavy ions. Moreover, an intermediate damage peak, between the surface and bulk defect peaks, is observed for all the irradiation conditions studied. The cascade density affects the behaviour of this intermediate peak with increasing ion dose. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Azarov, A. Yu.; Kuznetsov, A. Yu.; Svensson, B. G.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Titov, A. I.; Karaseov, P. A.] State Polytech Univ, Dept Phys Elect, St Petersburg 195251, Russia. [Kucheyev, S. O.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Hallen, A.] Royal Inst Technol, ICT, MAP, SE-16440 Stockholm, Sweden. [Pathak, A. P.] Univ Hyderabad, Sch Phys, Hyderabad 500046, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Azarov, AY (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, POB 1048 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM a.y.azarow@smn.uio.no RI Karaseov, Platon/P-6861-2015; Titov, Andrey/A-4608-2017 OI Karaseov, Platon/0000-0003-2511-0188; Titov, Andrey/0000-0003-4933-9534 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0042-207X J9 VACUUM JI Vacuum PD MAR 24 PY 2010 VL 84 IS 8 SI SI BP 1058 EP 1061 DI 10.1016/j.vacuum.2009.10.041 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 585JO UT WOS:000276821700016 ER PT J AU Wang, RY Feser, JP Gu, X Yu, KM Segalman, RA Majumdar, A Milliron, DJ Urban, JJ AF Wang, Robert Y. Feser, Joseph P. Gu, Xun Yu, Kin Man Segalman, Rachel A. Majumdar, Arun Milliron, Delia J. Urban, Jeffrey J. TI Universal and Solution-Processable Precursor to Bismuth Chalcogenide Thermoelectrics SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-PROPERTIES; SILICON NANOWIRES; 3-OMEGA METHOD; TELLURIDE; FILMS; PERFORMANCE; REDUCTION; DEVICES; BI2TE3; MERIT C1 [Wang, Robert Y.; Yu, Kin Man; Segalman, Rachel A.; Majumdar, Arun; Milliron, Delia J.; Urban, Jeffrey J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Feser, Joseph P.; Majumdar, Arun] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gu, Xun; Segalman, Rachel A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Milliron, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM DMilliron@lbl.gov; JJUrban@lbl.gov RI Milliron, Delia/D-6002-2012; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Wang, Robert/A-5801-2013; OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Segalman, Rachel/0000-0002-4292-5103 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory FX Work at the Molecular Foundry was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. R.W., J.F., X.G., A.M., R.S., and J.J.U. gratefully acknowledges partial support from DOE-BES Office of Science via the Thermoelectrics program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. We also thank the UC Berkeley Microfabrication Laboratory for use of their facilities. NR 31 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 23 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1943 EP 1945 DI 10.1021/cm903769q PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 570XJ UT WOS:000275711500001 ER PT J AU Lee, S Cho, IS Lee, JH Kim, DH Kim, DW Kim, JY Shin, H Lee, JK Jung, HS Park, NG Kim, K Ko, MJ Hong, KS AF Lee, Sangwook Cho, In-Sun Lee, Ji Hae Kim, Dong Hoe Kim, Dong Wook Kim, Jin Young Shin, Hyunho Lee, Jung-Kun Jung, Hyun Suk Park, Nam-Gyu Kim, Kyungkon Ko, Min Jae Hong, Kug Sun TI Two-Step Sol-Gel Method-Based TiO2 Nanoparticles with Uniform Morphology and Size for Efficient Photo-Energy Conversion Devices SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ANATASE TIO2; PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; TITANIUM-OXIDE; SHAPE CONTROL; THIN-FILMS; CELLS; NANOTUBES; PARTICLES; IMPEDANCE; LIGHT AB The performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) consisting of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles that were synthesized via a two-step sol-gel process was using electron transport and optical characterizations. Spherical nanoparticles with the average diameter of 20 nm, elongated nanorods with all aspect ratio (AR) of 5, and nanowires with AR = 10 were synthesized. The synthesized nanoparticles possess narrow size distribution, high crystallinity, and negligible surface defects and residual organics, which is very Suitable for achieving highly efficient photovoltaic devices. The effect of particle size distribution oil the performance of DSSC was characterized by comparing the synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles and commercial TiO2, nanoparticles (P25). In comparison with P25, the two-step Sol-gel-grown nanoparticles significantly improved the photovoltaic conversion efficiency by 32.5%, because of a larger specific surface area, higher electrolyte penetration ability, and lower optical reflectance. Therefore, the photoelectrode of the two-step sol-gel-derived TiO2 nanoparticles enhanced the adsorption of dye sensitizers (N719), promotes the transfer of photo-generated carriers, and decreases the ratio of reflected solar spectrum that is not harnessed. As a result, the energy conversion efficiency of DSSCs increased to 6.72% without the use Of a scattering layer and coadsorbants. We also investigated the effect of aspect ratio of TiO2, particles oil photovoltaic characteristic. Ail increase in the aspect ratio of the synthesized nanomaterials resulted in an increase in carrier lifetime. A decrease in the density of grain boundaries Suppresses the trapping of carriers and the subsequent recombination of electron-hole pairs. This Study demonstrates that the two-step sol-gel-derived nanomaterials provide a way to achieve appreciable efficiency of photoconversion devices. C1 [Lee, Jung-Kun] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Lee, Sangwook; Cho, In-Sun; Kim, Dong Hoe; Kim, Dong Wook; Hong, Kug Sun] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. [Lee, Sangwook; Cho, In-Sun; Hong, Kug Sun] Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Adv Mat, Seoul 151744, South Korea. [Lee, Ji Hae; Jung, Hyun Suk] Kookmin Univ, Sch Adv Mat Engn, Seoul 136702, South Korea. [Kim, Jin Young] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Shin, Hyunho] Kangnung Natl Univ, Dept Ceram Engn, Kangnung 210702, South Korea. [Park, Nam-Gyu] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Suwon 440746, South Korea. [Kim, Kyungkon; Ko, Min Jae] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Ctr Energy Mat, Seoul 136791, South Korea. RP Lee, JK (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM jul37@pitt.edu; hjung@kookmin.ac.kr; kshongss@plaza.snu.ac.kr RI Jung, Hyun Suk/D-4745-2011; Kim, Jin Young/B-7077-2012; Cho, In Sun/H-6557-2011; Park, Nam-Gyu/F-2477-2014; Lee, Sangwook/O-9166-2015; Jung, Hyun Suk/H-3659-2015; OI Kim, Jin Young/0000-0001-7728-3182; Lee, Sangwook/0000-0002-3535-0241; Cho, In Sun/0000-0001-5622-7712 FU Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF); Korea government (MEST) [R01-2007-000-11075-0, R11-2005-048-00000-0, 2009-0082659]; ERC, CMPS [2009-0065889]; Kookmin University in Korea FX This work Was Supported by it Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (Nos. R01-2007-000-11075-0, R11-2005-048-00000-0, ERC, CMPS and 2009-0065889). This work Was also Supported by the Nano R&D program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by MEST (No. 2009-0082659) and the research program 2009 of Kookmin University in Korea. NR 47 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 11 U2 118 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 23 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1958 EP 1965 DI 10.1021/cm902842k PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 570XJ UT WOS:000275711500006 ER PT J AU Clem, TA Kavulak, DFJ Westling, EJ Frechet, JMJ AF Clem, Tabitha A. Kavulak, David F. J. Westling, Erik J. Frechet, Jean M. J. TI Cyclometalated Platinum Polymers: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Photovoltaic Performance SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR-CELLS; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; BAND-GAP; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; TRIPLET-STATE; EFFICIENCY; SEMICONDUCTORS; POLYTHIOPHENE; COPOLYMERS AB The synthesis and characterization of platinum-containing conjugated polymers in Which the platinum atom is attached to the conjugated backbone via a C boolean AND N ligand is presented. The newly designed platinum-containing monomer can be polymerized under both Stille and Suzuki conditions. The polymers exhibit optical bandgaps between 2.1 and 1.65 eV depending oil the choice of comonomer. Triplet exciton formation is detected indirectly by measuring photosensitized emission of singlet oxygen in both solution and in film. The ability of the materials to sensitize formation of singlet oxygen varies both with excitation wavelength and with the change from solution to solid state. This Study provides design principles for developing conjugated polymers with significant triplet yields in the solid state. The photovoltaic performance of these Polymers was also evaluated in preliminary experiments with power conversion efficiencies as high as 1.3% obtained for a bulk heterojunction cell with PCBM. C1 [Clem, Tabitha A.; Kavulak, David F. J.; Westling, Erik J.; Frechet, Jean M. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kavulak, David F. J.; Westling, Erik J.; Frechet, Jean M. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM frechet@berkeley.edu OI Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences land Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We also thank Thomas W. Holcombe and Jill Millstone for helpful discussions NR 48 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 23 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1977 EP 1987 DI 10.1021/cm9029038 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 570XJ UT WOS:000275711500008 ER PT J AU Wang, SA Alekseev, EV Ling, J Liu, GK Depmeier, W Albrecht-Schmitt, TE AF Wang, Shuao Alekseev, Evgeny V. Ling, Jie Liu, Guokui Depmeier, Wulf Albrecht-Schmitt, Thomas E. TI Polarity and Chirality in Uranyl Borates: Insights into Understanding the Vitrification of Nuclear Waste and the Development of Nonlinear Optical Materials SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; ONE-DIMENSIONAL URANYL; CATION-CATION INTERACTIONS; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; HYDROTHERMAL PREPARATION; PLUTONIUM COMPOUND; BORIC-ACID; IODATES; URANIUM AB Four new sodium uranyl borates, alpha-Na[(UO2)(2)B10O15(OH)(5)] (NaUBO-1), beta-Na[(UO2)2B(10)O(15)-(OH)(5)] (NaUBO-2), Na[(UO2)(2) B10O15(OH)(5)]center dot 3H(2)O (NaUBO-3), and Na[UO2)B6O10(OH)]center dot 2H(2)O (NaUBO-4), and four new thallium uranyl borates, alpha-Tl-2[(UO2)(2)B11O18(OH)(3)] (TIUBO-1), beta-Tl-2[(UO2)(2)B11O18(OH)(3)] (TIUBO-2), Tl[(UO2)(2)B10O16(OH)(3)] (TIUBO-3), and Tl-2[(UO2)(2)B11O19-OH)] (TIUBO-4), have been prepared via the reaction of sodium nitrate or thallium nitrate, uranyl nitrate, and excess boric acid at 190 degrees C. These compounds share a common structural motif consisting of a linear uranyl, UO22+, cation surrounded by BO3 triangles and BO4 tetrahedra to create a UO8 hexagonal bipyramidal environment around uranium. The borate anions bridge between uranlyl units to create sheets. Additional BO3 triangles extend from the polyborate layers and are directed approximately perpendicular to the sheets. In some compounds, these units can link the layers togethher to yield three-dimensional networks with large pores to house the Na+ or Tl+ cations and water molecules. The structures are all noncentrosymmetric and are either polar or chiral. While the uranyl borate layers are noncentrosymmetric in and of themselves, there is also twisting of thhe interlayer BO3 groups to reduce thhe interlayer spacing, producing helical features in some structures. Na[(UO2)B6O10(OH)]center dot 2H(2)O and beta-Tl-2[(UO2)(2)B11O18(OH)(3)], which can be obtained as pure phases, display second-harmonic generation of 532 nm light from 1064 nm light. C1 [Wang, Shuao; Alekseev, Evgeny V.; Ling, Jie; Albrecht-Schmitt, Thomas E.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Wang, Shuao; Alekseev, Evgeny V.; Ling, Jie; Albrecht-Schmitt, Thomas E.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Alekseev, Evgeny V.; Depmeier, Wulf] Univ Kiel, Inst Geowissensch, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. [Liu, Guokui] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Alekseev, EV (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RI Ling, Jie/A-4136-2011; Wang, Shuao/H-7373-2012; OI Alekseev, Evgeny/0000-0002-4919-5211 NR 51 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 9 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 23 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 6 BP 2155 EP 2163 DI 10.1021/cm9037796 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 570XJ UT WOS:000275711500028 ER PT J AU Sainsbury, T Erickson, K Okawa, D Zonte, CS Frechet, JMJ Zettl, A AF Sainsbury, Toby Erickson, Kris Okawa, David Zonte, C. Sebastian Frechet, Jean M. J. Zettl, Alex TI Kevlar Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes for Next-Generation Composites SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-STRENGTH; FIBERS; POLYMERIZATION; REINFORCEMENT; MORPHOLOGY; SURFACE; MATRIX; ARRAYS AB We report a sequential functionalization methodology for the covalent modification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with one and a half repeat units of the polymer poly-p-phneyleneterephthalmide (PPTA), Kevlar. Covalent attachment of PPTA monomer units, p-phenylenediamine (PDA) and terephthaloyl chloride (TPC), to the surface fo MWNTs results in PPTA oligomer units forming an organic sheathh around the nanotuubes, PPTA-functionalized-MWNTs (PPTA-MWNTs). PPTA-MWNTs possess chemical functionality identical to that of PPTA, and thus provide nanoscale scaffolds which may be readily dispersed within a monomer solution and participate in the polymerization reaction to form a PPTA-MWNT/PPTA composite. We show that formation of PPTA in the presence of PPTA-MWNTs leads to a uniform dispersion of MWNTs within the polymer matrix, in contrast to aggregated masses of MWNTs in the case of pristine-MWNTs. The covalent attachment of oligomeric PPTA units to the surface of MWNTs represents the formation of a funcational nanoscale building block which can be readily dispersed and integrated within the polymer PPTA to form a novel composite material. The implications of tuning the surface chemistries of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to the chemistry of host polymer matrices are considered. C1 [Sainsbury, Toby; Erickson, Kris; Okawa, David; Zettl, Alex] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Erickson, Kris; Okawa, David; Zonte, C. Sebastian; Frechet, Jean M. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sainsbury, Toby; Frechet, Jean M. J.; Zettl, Alex] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zettl, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM azettl@berkeley.edu RI Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016; OI Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X; Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors acknowledge financial support from the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 33 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 23 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 6 BP 2164 EP 2171 DI 10.1021/cm902987k PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 570XJ UT WOS:000275711500029 ER PT J AU Egedal, J Le, A Katz, N Chen, LJ Lefebvre, B Daughton, W Fazakerley, A AF Egedal, J. Le, A. Katz, N. Chen, L. -J. Lefebvre, B. Daughton, W. Fazakerley, A. TI Cluster observations of bidirectional beams caused by electron trapping during antiparallel reconnection SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; EARTHS MAGNETOTAIL; FIELD AB So-called bidirectional electron beams have been observed by a number of spacecraft missions mainly in the inflow of reconnection regions. Here we show that these beam-like features in the electron distribution function are explained by electron trapping. The trapping is mainly controlled by a positive acceleration potential, Phi(parallel to), which is related to the structure of the parallel electric fields in the vicinity of the reconnection region. Guided by the results of a kinetic simulation, we extend a recent analytical model for the electron distribution function applicable to the inflow region in antiparallel reconnection. The model is successfully compared to data observed by the four Cluster spacecraft inside an active reconnection region. The anisotropy recorded in the electron distributions is consistent with mainly electric trapping of electrons by Phi(parallel to). In the analysis we determine the profiles of Phi(parallel to) along the paths of the Cluster spacecraft during their encounter with a reconnection region. Typical values of e Phi(parallel to) are in excess of 1 keV (much higher than the electron temperature in the ambient lobe plasma) and Phi(parallel to) traps all thermal electrons. This is important for the internal structure of the Hall current system associated with the ion diffusion region because extended trapping significantly alters the electrical and kinematic properties of the electron fluid. Finally, at the boundary between the inflow and exhaust regions the values of e Phi(parallel to) in the inflow region smoothly approach the shoulder energies (up to 15 keV) of the so-called flat-top distribution observed in the reconnection exhaust. This suggests that Phi(parallel to) may be important also to the formation of the flat-top distributions. C1 [Egedal, J.; Le, A.; Katz, N.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Egedal, J.; Le, A.; Katz, N.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Chen, L. -J.; Lefebvre, B.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Daughton, W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fazakerley, A.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. RP Egedal, J (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM jegedal@psfc.mit.edu RI Chen, Li-Jen/C-2106-2012; Daughton, William/L-9661-2013 FU DOE [ER54878]; NSF/DOE [PHY-0613734] FX This work was supported in part by DOE Junior Faculty Award ER54878 and NSF/DOE Award PHY-0613734. NR 38 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 23 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A03214 DI 10.1029/2009JA014650 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 574XQ UT WOS:000276027900001 ER PT J AU Witte, KN Kewalramani, S Kuzmenko, I Sun, W Fukuto, M Won, YY AF Witte, Kevin N. Kewalramani, Sumit Kuzmenko, Ivan Sun, Wei Fukuto, Masafumi Won, You-Yeon TI Formation and Collapse of Single-Monomer-Thick Monolayers of Poly(n-butyl acrylate) at the Air-Water Interface SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID LATERAL NANOSCALE HETEROGENEITIES; WEAK POLYELECTROLYTE BRUSHES; BREWSTER-ANGLE MICROSCOPY; SURFACE PRESSURE; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENCE; NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY; POLYMER MONOLAYER; LIGHT-SCATTERING; SPREAD AB The behavior of poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PnBA) spread at the air-water interface has been studied for a full range of surface coverages and several molecular weights. At low and intermediate surface coverages, the surface pressure-area isotherm behavior of the polymer is found to follow the expected scaling laws. In the dilute regime the pressure is an increasing function of surface coverage and a decreasing function of molecular weight. In the semidilute regime the surface pressure becomes independent of molecular weight, and a Flory exponent for the two-dimensional radius of gyration is found to be nu = 0.57 +/- 0.02. Beginning in the high coverage concentrated regime, at c surface pressure of around 15 mN/m, and through the full coverage regime (where the water in the subphase is fully covered and not exposed to air), X-ray reflectivity (XR) measurements show the formation of a continuous water-free rnonolayer (i.e., one monomer thick) film of the polymer. At surface concentrations above the transition point to the full coverage regime (alternatively called the "collapsed" regime hereafter for the reason that will become apparent below), Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) shows that the excess polymer material does not distribute uniformly in the polymer film layer but instead leads to formation of micrometer-scale isolated globular domains of roughly uniform size. Further, it was observed that the number of such domains increases its the surface polymer concentration is increased, whereas the size of the globular domains is largely unaffected by the concentration variation. X-ray grazing incidence diffraction (GID) indicates that these domains are regions of bulklike (amorphous) polymer. These and other observations, including the invariant nature of the monolayer throughout the compression (confirmed by XR), the plateau nature of surface pressure-area isotherm throughout the collapsed regime, and the reversible nature of the domain formation (evidenced by BAM), suggest that the globular domains formed at high surface concentrations of PnBA are in it type of coexistence with the uniform rnonolayer. A simple thermodynamic model considering the entropic penalty of confining the polymer chains to monolayer, the translational entropy of the domains, and the surface energy of the interface is made in order to understand the behavior of the polymer as it becomes excluded from the monolayer. This argument suggests that the excess polymer should form a single large domain in order to minimize the large surface energy at the water-polymer interface. The presence of many small domains suggests the domains are kinetically trapped in a local, rather than global, equilibrium. C1 [Witte, Kevin N.; Sun, Wei; Won, You-Yeon] Purdue Univ, Sch Chem Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kewalramani, Sumit; Fukuto, Masafumi] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kuzmenko, Ivan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Won, YY (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Chem Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM yywon@ecn.purdue.edu NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 23 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2990 EP 3003 DI 10.1021/ma901842q PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 570XH UT WOS:000275711300044 ER PT J AU Paluch, M Pawlus, S Sokolov, AP Ngai, KL AF Paluch, Marian Pawlus, Sebastian Sokolov, Alexei P. Ngai, K. L. TI Sub-Rouse Modes in Polymers Observed by Dielectric Spectroscopy SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID THERMORHEOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; POLY(PHENYLMETHYL SILOXANE); CONCENTRATION FLUCTUATIONS; SOFTENING DISPERSION; AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; ALPHA-RELAXATION; TEMPERATURE AB One of the characteristic features of polymer dynamics is the existence of additional relaxation processes that are related to connectivity of monomers in polymer chain and are absent in small molecular liquids. These processes are usually described as purely entropic Rouse modes and appear on time scales much longer than segmental (structural) relaxation in polymers. They are commonly observed by mechanical relaxation spectroscopy and are detected as normal modes in dielectric spectra of some polymers (where dipole moment accumulates along the chain). Here we present the evidence of additional modes that appear in dielectric relaxation spectra of some polymers between the segmental and Rouse modes. We identified these modes as sub-house modes, the same as those previously found by mechanical spectroscopy. We also demonstrate that these modes are not detected in the dielectric loss spectra of many polymers. Moreover, existence of these modes does not correlate with the existence of dipole moment along the polymer chain. A possible explanation of this behavior is discussed. C1 [Paluch, Marian; Pawlus, Sebastian] Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. [Sokolov, Alexei P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sokolov, Alexei P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ngai, K. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pawlus, S (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Ul Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. FU European Economic Area Financial Mechanism; NSF [DMR-0804571]; Office of Naval Research FX S. Pawlus acknowledges financial assistance from FNP HOMING program (2008) supported by the European Economic Area Financial Mechanism. A.P.S. acknowledges financial support from NSF, Polymer program (DMR-0804571). K.L.N. was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 23 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 6 BP 3103 EP 3106 DI 10.1021/ma9027382 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 570XH UT WOS:000275711300056 ER PT J AU Kim, TH Angst, M Hu, B Jin, R Zhang, XG Wendelken, JF Plummer, EW Li, AP AF Kim, Tae-Hwan Angst, M. Hu, B. Jin, R. Zhang, X. -G. Wendelken, J. F. Plummer, E. W. Li, An-Ping TI Imaging and manipulation of the competing electronic phases near the Mott metal-insulator transition SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE phase separation; electron microscopy; electron transport; scanning tunneling microscopy; strongly correlated materials ID SEPARATION; STATE; INSTABILITY; SR3RU2O7; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MANGANITES; PHYSICS AB The complex interplay between the electron and lattice degrees of freedom produces multiple nearly degenerate electronic states in correlated electron materials. The competition between these degenerate electronic states largely determines the functionalities of the system, but the invoked mechanism remains in debate. By imaging phase domains with electron microscopy and interrogating individual domains in situ via electron transport spectroscopy in double-layered Sr-3(Ru1-xMnx)(2)O-7 (x - 0 and 0.2), we show in real-space that the microscopic phase competition and the Mott-type metal-insulator transition are extremely sensitive to applied mechanical stress. The revealed dynamic phase evolution with applied stress provides the first direct evidence for the important role of strain effect in both phase separation and Mott metal-insulator transition due to strong electron-lattice coupling in correlated systems. C1 [Hu, B.; Jin, R.; Plummer, E. W.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Kim, Tae-Hwan; Zhang, X. -G.; Wendelken, J. F.; Li, An-Ping] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Angst, M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Plummer, EW (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM eplummer@utk.edu; apli@ornl.gov RI Kim, Tae-Hwan/A-5636-2010; Hu, Biao/A-8199-2012; Li, An-Ping/B-3191-2012; Angst, Manuel/I-4380-2012 OI Kim, Tae-Hwan/0000-0001-5328-0913; Li, An-Ping/0000-0003-4400-7493; Angst, Manuel/0000-0001-8892-7019 FU Scientific User Facilities Division; Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; Department Of Energy [DE-SC0002136] FX We thank Elbio R. Dagotto, David C. Joy, and Jiandi Zhang for stimulating discussions. This research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division and Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. This work was also partially supported by a Department Of Energy Grant DE-SC0002136 (to E.W.P.). NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 28 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 23 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 12 BP 5272 EP 5275 DI 10.1073/pnas.1000655107 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 573GY UT WOS:000275898300004 PM 20200312 ER PT J AU Fleissner, MR Brustad, EM Kalai, T Altenbach, C Cascio, D Peters, FB Hideg, K Peuker, S Schultz, PG Hubbell, WL AF Fleissner, Mark R. Brustad, Eric M. Kalai, Tamas Altenbach, Christian Cascio, Duilio Peters, Francis B. Hideg, Kalman Peuker, Sebastian Schultz, Peter G. Hubbell, Wayne L. TI Site-directed spin labeling of a genetically encoded unnatural amino acid (vol 106, 21637, 2009) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Correction C1 [Fleissner, Mark R.; Altenbach, Christian; Hubbell, Wayne L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Jules Stein Eye Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Fleissner, Mark R.; Altenbach, Christian; Hubbell, Wayne L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Brustad, Eric M.; Peters, Francis B.; Schultz, Peter G.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Brustad, Eric M.; Peters, Francis B.; Schultz, Peter G.] Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Kalai, Tamas; Hideg, Kalman] Univ Pecs, Inst Organ & Med Chem, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary. [Cascio, Duilio] Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE Inst Genom & Prote, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Peuker, Sebastian] CAESAR Res Ctr, D-53175 Bonn, Germany. RP Fleissner, MR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Jules Stein Eye Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 23 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 12 BP 5693 EP 5693 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 573GY UT WOS:000275898300076 ER PT J AU Soper, AK Teixeira, J Head-Gordon, T AF Soper, A. K. Teixeira, J. Head-Gordon, T. TI Is ambient water inhomogeneous on the nanometer-length scale? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter C1 [Soper, A. K.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Sci & Technol Facil Council, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Teixeira, J.] CEA Saclay, CNRS, Lab Leon Brillouin, CEA, F-91101 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Head-Gordon, T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Head-Gordon, T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Soper, AK (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, Sci & Technol Facil Council, ISIS Facil, Harwell Sci & Innovat Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM alan.soper@stfc.ac.uk RI Teixeira, Jose/E-6084-2010; Head-Gordon, Teresa/E-5818-2011 NR 5 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 31 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 23 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 12 BP E44 EP E44 DI 10.1073/pnas.0912158107 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 573GY UT WOS:000275898300082 PM 20220097 ER PT J AU Zhang, M Foley, B Schultz, AK Macke, JP Bulla, I Stanke, M Morgensterm, B Korber, B Leitner, T AF Zhang, Ming Foley, Brian Schultz, Anne-Kathrin Macke, Jennifer P. Bulla, Ingo Stanke, Mario Morgensterm, Burkhard Korber, Bette Leitner, Thomas TI The role of recombination in the emergence of a complex and dynamic HIV epidemic SO RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CIRCULATING RECOMBINANT; INTERSUBTYPE RECOMBINANTS; SUBTYPE-C; GENETIC-RECOMBINATION; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; SOUTHERN CHINA; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; GENOME SEQUENCES AB Background: Inter-subtype recombinants dominate the HIV epidemics in three geographical regions. To better understand the role of HIV recombinants in shaping the current HIV epidemic, we here present the results of a large-scale subtyping analysis of 9435 HIV-1 sequences that involve subtypes A, B, C, G, F and the epidemiologically important recombinants derived from three continents. Results: The circulating recombinant form CRF02_AG, common in West Central Africa, appears to result from recombination events that occurred early in the divergence between subtypes A and G, followed by additional recent recombination events that contribute to the breakpoint pattern defining the current recombinant lineage. This finding also corrects a recent claim that G is a recombinant and a descendant of CRF02, which was suggested to be a pure subtype. The BC and BF recombinants in China and South America, respectively, are derived from recent recombination between contemporary parental lineages. Shared breakpoints in South America BF recombinants indicate that the HIV-1 epidemics in Argentina and Brazil are not independent. Therefore, the contemporary HIV-1 epidemic has recombinant lineages of both ancient and more recent origins. Conclusions: Taken together, we show that these recombinant lineages, which are highly prevalent in the current HIV epidemic, are a mixture of ancient and recent recombination. The HIV pandemic is moving towards having increasing complexity and higher prevalence of recombinant forms, sometimes existing as "families" of related forms. We find that the classification of some CRF designations need to be revised as a consequence of (1) an estimated > 5% error in the original subtype assignments deposited in the Los Alamos sequence database; (2) an increasing number of CRFs are defined while they do not readily fit into groupings for molecular epidemiology and vaccine design; and (3) a dynamic HIV epidemic context. C1 [Zhang, Ming] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Schultz, Anne-Kathrin; Bulla, Ingo; Stanke, Mario; Morgensterm, Burkhard] Inst Mikrobiol & Genet, Abt Bioinformat, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Korber, Bette] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Zhang, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mingzh@lanl.gov; tkl@lanl.gov RI Morgenstern, Burkhard/A-7486-2008; OI Foley, Brian/0000-0002-1086-0296; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757; Schultz, Anne-Kathrin/0000-0002-0963-4275 FU NIH-DOE [Y1-AI-8309] FX We greatly thank to Dr. William Fisher for helpful discussions. This work was supported by an NIH-DOE interagency agreement (Y1-AI-8309). NR 70 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1742-4690 J9 RETROVIROLOGY JI Retrovirology PD MAR 23 PY 2010 VL 7 AR 25 DI 10.1186/1742-4690-7-25 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA 584LW UT WOS:000276754500002 PM 20331894 ER PT J AU Doerk, GS Radmilovic, V Maboudian, R AF Doerk, Gregory S. Radmilovic, Velimir Maboudian, Roya TI Branching induced faceting of Si nanotrees SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE elemental semiconductors; nanofabrication; nanostructured materials; semiconductor growth; silicon ID SILICON NANOWIRES; SURFACE MIGRATION; GROWTH; PERFORMANCE; GOLD; TEMPERATURE; SHAPE AB The sidewalls of silicon nanotree trunks grown by the vapor-liquid-solid mechanism with branches seeded by Au surface migration are shown to exhibit strong sawtooth nanofaceting in the region of branching. For Si nanowires grown along the << 111 >> direction, facets found after Au surface migration are identified with the {111} and {113} crystallographic planes. These facets differ from those found on the fully synthesized Si nanotrees, which occur on {111} and {100} planes. We hypothesize that the facets found on the nanotrees are composed of the basal structures of the branches and are induced by branch nucleation. C1 [Doerk, Gregory S.; Maboudian, Roya] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Radmilovic, Velimir] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Doerk, GS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM maboudia@berkeley.edu FU National Science Foundation [EEC-0832819, DMR-0804646]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation, Grant Nos. EEC-0832819 and DMR-0804646. This work was performed at NCEM, which is supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 22 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 12 AR 123117 DI 10.1063/1.3374328 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 575OQ UT WOS:000276077200066 ER PT J AU Krusin-Elbaum, L Shakhvorostov, D Cabral, C Raoux, S Jordan-Sweet, JL AF Krusin-Elbaum, L. Shakhvorostov, D. Cabral, C., Jr. Raoux, S. Jordan-Sweet, J. L. TI Irreversible altering of crystalline phase of phase-change Ge-Sb thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE antimony compounds; crystal structure; crystallisation; germanium compounds; laser beam effects; phase change materials; precipitation (physical chemistry); Raman spectra; thin films AB The stability of the crystalline phase of binary phase-change Ge(x)Sb(1-x) films is investigated over a wide range of Ge content. From Raman spectroscopy we find the Ge-Sb crystalline structure irreversibly altered after exposure to a laser beam. We show that with increasing beam intensity/temperature Ge agglomerates and precipitates out in the amount growing with x. A simple empirical relation links Ge precipitation temperature T(Ge)(p) to the rate of change dT(cryst)/dx of crystallization, with the precipitation easiest on the mid-range x plateau, where T(cryst) is nearly constant. Our findings point to a preferable 15%less than or similar to x less than or similar to 50% window, that may achieve the desired cycling/archival properties of a phase-change cell. C1 [Krusin-Elbaum, L.; Cabral, C., Jr.; Raoux, S.; Jordan-Sweet, J. L.] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Krusin-Elbaum, L.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Shakhvorostov, D.] Univ Saarland, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany. [Jordan-Sweet, J. L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Krusin-Elbaum, L (reprint author), IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. EM lia.krusin@gmail.com RI Raoux, Simone/G-3920-2016 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was carried out in part at Brookhaven National Laboratory, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 22 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 12 AR 121906 DI 10.1063/1.3361656 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 575OQ UT WOS:000276077200018 ER PT J AU Son, YH Lee, JK Soong, Y Martello, D Chyu, M AF Son, You-Hwan Lee, Jung-Kun Soong, Yee Martello, Donald Chyu, Minking TI Enhanced magnetic response of fluids using self-assembled petal-like iron oxide particles SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE iron compounds; magnetic fluids; magnetic particles; nanoparticles; self-assembly; viscoelasticity ID SIZE-CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS; WATER-TREATMENT; NANOPARTICLES AB Using self-assembled iron oxide (SAIO) particles with petal-like morphology, aqueous fluids containing magnetic particles were prepared and the effect of hierarchical particle surface on the viscoelasticity under magnetic was investigated. The fluids consisting of self-assembled iron oxide particles exhibit highly tunable viscoelasticity which is controlled by applying external magnetic field. A difference between SAIO particles and spherical particles is explained by the fact that surface features of the self-assembled particles increased the network strength between particles in the fluids. C1 [Son, You-Hwan; Lee, Jung-Kun; Chyu, Minking] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Soong, Yee; Martello, Donald] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Lee, JK (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM jul37@pitt.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy through National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy through National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 22 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 12 AR 121905 DI 10.1063/1.3371713 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 575OQ UT WOS:000276077200017 ER PT J AU Su, D Yang, B Jiang, N Sawicki, M Broadbridge, C Couillard, M Reiner, JW Walker, FJ Ahn, CH Zhu, YM AF Su, Dong Yang, Bo Jiang, Nan Sawicki, M. Broadbridge, C. Couillard, M. Reiner, J. W. Walker, F. J. Ahn, C. H. Zhu, Yimei TI Valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy of ultrathin SrTiO3 films grown on silicon (100) single crystal SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE density functional theory; effective mass; electron energy loss spectra; red shift; silicon; strontium compounds; surface plasmons; valence bands ID INTERFACE; PLASMONS; SURFACE; BATIO3; OXIDES; SI AB Valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy is used to investigate the plasmon excitations of ultrathin SrTiO3 sandwiched between amorphous Si and crystalline Si. Two plasmon excitations were observed, one at 15.8 eV and the other at 28.7 eV. Our calculations, based on dielectric-function theory, suggest that the former peak originates from the coupling of the Si layers and is related to the geometry of the structure, and the latter peak results from the SrTiO3 bulk plasmon after a redshift. Our findings demonstrate the value of valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy in detecting a local change in the effective electron mass. C1 [Su, Dong; Zhu, Yimei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Yang, Bo; Jiang, Nan] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Sawicki, M.; Broadbridge, C.] So Connecticut State Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06515 USA. [Couillard, M.] McMaster Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada. [Couillard, M.] McMaster Univ, Canadian Ctr Electron Microscopy, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada. [Reiner, J. W.; Walker, F. J.; Ahn, C. H.] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Reiner, J. W.; Walker, F. J.; Ahn, C. H.] Yale Univ, Ctr Res Interface Struct & Phenomena, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Su, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dsu@bnl.gov RI Su, Dong/A-8233-2013; OI Su, Dong/0000-0002-1921-6683; Walker, Frederick/0000-0002-8094-249X FU U.S. Department of Energy BES [DE-AC0298CH10886]; NSF [DMR0603993, DMR05-20495] FX The work at Brookhaven was supported by U.S. Department of Energy BES under Contract No. DE-AC0298CH10886. B.Y. and N.J. would like to acknowledge the financial support by NSF under Grant No. DMR0603993. The research of M. S., C. B., J.W.R., C. H. A., and F.J.W. was partially supported by NSF grant MRSEC under Grant No. DMR05-20495. Use of MRSEC DMR05-20495 facilities is acknowledged. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 22 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 12 AR 121914 DI 10.1063/1.3364144 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 575OQ UT WOS:000276077200026 ER PT J AU Wang, K Chen, JJ Zeng, ZM Tarr, J Zhou, WL Zhang, Y Yan, YF Jiang, CS Pern, J Mascarenhas, A AF Wang, K. Chen, J. J. Zeng, Z. M. Tarr, J. Zhou, W. L. Zhang, Y. Yan, Y. F. Jiang, C. S. Pern, J. Mascarenhas, A. TI Synthesis and photovoltaic effect of vertically aligned ZnO/ZnS core/shell nanowire arrays SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE II-VI semiconductors; nanofabrication; nanowires; photoconductivity; photoluminescence; photovoltaic effects; semiconductor growth; semiconductor heterojunctions; semiconductor quantum wires; wide band gap semiconductors; zinc compounds ID SOLAR-CELLS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB A vertically aligned ZnO/ZnS core/shell nanowire array with type II band alignment was directly synthesized on an indium-tin-oxide glass substrate and the photovoltaic effect of the nanowire array was investigated. The epitaxial relationship, wurtzite (0001) matching zinc-blende (111), was observed in the ZnO/ZnS nano-heterostructure. ZnS coating is found to quench the photoluminescence of ZnO nanowires but enhance the photocurrent with faster response in the photovoltaic device, indicating improvement in charge separation and collection in the type II core/shell nanowire. C1 [Wang, K.; Chen, J. J.; Zeng, Z. M.; Tarr, J.; Zhou, W. L.] Univ New Orleans, Adv Mat Res Inst, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Zhang, Y.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Yan, Y. F.; Jiang, C. S.; Pern, J.; Mascarenhas, A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zhou, WL (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Adv Mat Res Inst, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM wzhou@uno.edu; yong.zhang@uncc.edu RI Chen, Jiajun/A-9200-2011; Wang, Kai/H-4361-2011; zeng, zhongming/A-3499-2011; Zhang, Yong/D-3412-2013; OI Chen, Jiajun/0000-0002-6550-0343; Wang, Kai/0000-0002-6405-7837; Wang, Kefeng/0000-0002-8449-9720 FU DARPA [HR0011-07-1-0032]; Louisiana Board of Regents [LEQSF (2008-11)-RD-B-10, LEQSF (2007-12)-ENH-PKSFI-PRS-04]; American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund [48796-DN110]; CRI FX The work performed at UNO was supported by the DARPA under Grant No. HR0011-07-1-0032, research grants from Louisiana Board of Regents under Contract No. LEQSF (2008-11)-RD-B-10 and LEQSF (2007-12)-ENH-PKSFI-PRS-04, and American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund under PRF No 48796-DN110. The work at UNC-Charlotte was partially supported by CRI. The authors acknowledge Professor M. Tarr for polishing the manuscript for English. NR 21 TC 86 Z9 92 U1 8 U2 112 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 22 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 12 AR 123105 DI 10.1063/1.3367706 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 575OQ UT WOS:000276077200054 ER PT J AU Zhang, LX McMahon, WE Wei, SH AF Zhang, Lixin McMahon, W. E. Wei, Su-Huai TI Passivation of deep electronic states of partial dislocations in GaAs: A theoretical study SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; deep levels; dislocations; gallium arsenide; III-V semiconductors; passivation; semiconductor doping ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; EPITAXY AB The structure and electronic properties of reconstructed cores of 90 degrees partial dislocations in GaAs are studied using first-principles methods. We find that a double-period reconstruction is most stable for an As-core whereas a single-period reconstruction is most stable for a Ga-core. We show that As and Ga dimers induce detrimental deep electronic states. These deep levels can be partially removed by introducing passivating dopants that break dimers in the dislocation core. C1 [Zhang, Lixin; McMahon, W. E.; Wei, Su-Huai] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Zhang, Lixin] Nankai Univ, Sch Phys, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, LX (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM bill.mcmahon@nrel.gov FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC36-08GO28308] FX The work at NREL is supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 22 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 12 AR 121912 DI 10.1063/1.3364140 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 575OQ UT WOS:000276077200024 ER PT J AU Zhu, D Noemaun, AN Schubert, MF Cho, J Schubert, EF Crawford, MH Koleske, DD AF Zhu, Di Noemaun, Ahmed N. Schubert, Martin F. Cho, Jaehee Schubert, E. Fred Crawford, Mary H. Koleske, Daniel D. TI Enhanced electron capture and symmetrized carrier distribution in GaInN light-emitting diodes having tailored barrier doping SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE electron capture; gallium compounds; indium compounds; light emitting diodes; semiconductor doping; semiconductor quantum wells ID QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; RELAXATION; LEDS; GAN AB The confinement of electrons to the active region of GaInN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is limited by the (i) inefficient electron capture into polar quantum wells, (ii) electron-attracting properties of electron-blocking layers (EBL), (iii) asymmetry in electron and hole transport, and (iv) unfavorable p-doping in the EBL for high Al content. To counteract these mechanisms, we employ tailored Si-doping in the quantum barriers (QBs). Experiments show a 37.5% enhancement in light-output power at high currents of one-QB-doped LEDs over all-QB-doped LEDs. These results are consistent with simulations showing that QB doping can be used to symmetrize the electron and hole distribution. C1 [Zhu, Di; Noemaun, Ahmed N.; Schubert, Martin F.; Cho, Jaehee; Schubert, E. Fred] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Zhu, Di; Noemaun, Ahmed N.; Schubert, Martin F.; Cho, Jaehee; Schubert, E. Fred] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Crawford, Mary H.; Koleske, Daniel D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schubert, EF (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM efschubert@rpi.edu RI Cho, Jaehee/H-3506-2013 OI Cho, Jaehee/0000-0002-8794-3487 FU Sandia's Solid-State Lighting Science Center; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Co. FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support by Sandia's Solid-State Lighting Science Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Co., for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. It is also a pleasure to acknowledge technical support by Professor Jong Kyu Kim at Pohang University of Science and Technology. NR 19 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 22 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 12 AR 121110 DI 10.1063/1.3371812 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 575OQ UT WOS:000276077200010 ER PT J AU Nair, H Miller, JT Stach, EA Baertsch, CD AF Nair, Hari Miller, Jeffrey T. Stach, Eric A. Baertsch, Chelsey D. TI Mechanism of dynamic structural reorganization in polyoxometalate catalysts SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Phosphomolybdic acid; MPA; Isobutane oxidation; Twinning; Catalyst reconstruction; Catalyst activation; Thermal degradation; High resolution transmission electron microscopy ID KEGGIN-TYPE HETEROPOLYCOMPOUNDS; IN-SITU INVESTIGATIONS; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; DODECAMOLYBDOPHOSPHORIC ACID; THERMAL-STABILITY; ISOBUTYRIC ACID; ISOBUTANE; PROPANE; HETEROPOLYACIDS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Understanding the structural and electronic mechanisms by which catalysts activate and deactivate during use is crucial to the intelligent design of more efficient chemical syntheses. Atomic resolution electron microscopy is used in conjunction with bulk characterization tools including as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet-visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) to understand the activation and deactivation mechanism of dodecamolybdophosphoric acid (MPA), a promising parent material for a class of polyoxometalate catalysts useful for the direct oxidation of isobutene to methacrylic acid. These techniques show that the thermal and reactive reconstruction of MPA arises from the migration of an oxomolybdate species from the cubic form of the anhydrous MPA structure. The reconstruction continues and results in complete degradation to MoO(3), which is inactive for isobutane oxidation. The mechanism by which reorganization occurs is investigated using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) for the first time. These HR-TEM studies provide a picture of the atomic-scale rearrangement occurring in the catalyst. The initial structural reorganization in MPA is observed as the formation of annealing twins in the cubic form of the anhydrous polyoxometalate - this twinned structure is believed to be the active form of the catalyst. This twinning phenomenon is believed to originate from vacancies created in the MPA structure by the migration of atoms out of the primary structure. The twins then propagate across the MPA crystal and result in complete degradation of the MPA to MoO(3). (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Nair, Hari; Baertsch, Chelsey D.] Purdue Univ, Sch Chem Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Nair, Hari; Stach, Eric A.; Baertsch, Chelsey D.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Miller, Jeffrey T.] Argonne Natl Lab, CSE, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Stach, Eric A.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Baertsch, CD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Chem Engn, 480 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM baertsch@purdue.edu RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 FU Bilsland Dissertation Fellowship at Purdue University; American Chemical Society [PRF 48977-ND5]; Argonne National Labs [8603]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; MRCAT member institutions FX H.N. is supported by the Bilsland Dissertation Fellowship at Purdue University and the American Chemical Society (PRF 48977-ND5). Synchrotron beam time was supported by Argonne National Labs GUP # 8603. The use of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Materials Research Collaborative Access Team (MRCAT, Sector 10 ID) operations are supported by the Department of Energy and the MRCAT member institutions. The authors are extremely grateful to beamline scientists Soma Chattopadhyay and Tomohiro Shibata (MRCAT) for their assistance. TEM studies were carried out at the Birck Nanotecnology Center at Purdue University. The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Dmitri Zakharov, Dr. Seung-Min Kim and Mr. Robert Colby for their assistance. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD MAR 22 PY 2010 VL 270 IS 1 BP 40 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2009.12.007 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 574CN UT WOS:000275966100007 ER PT J AU Batley, JR Culling, AJ Kalmus, G Lazzeroni, C Munday, DJ Slater, MW Wotton, SA Arcidiacono, R Bocquet, G Cabibbo, N Ceccucci, A Cundy, D Falaleev, V Fidecaro, M Gatignon, L Gonidec, A Kubischta, W Norton, A Maier, A Patel, M Peters, A Balev, S Frabetti, PL Goudzovski, E Hristov, P Kekelidze, V Kozhuharov, V Litov, L Madigozhin, D Marinova, E Molokanova, N Polenkevich, I Potrebenikov, Y Stoynev, S Zinchenko, A Monnier, E Swallow, E Winston, R Rubin, P Walker, A Baldini, W Ramusino, AC Dalpiaz, P Damiani, C Fiorini, M Gianoli, A Martini, M Petrucci, F Savrie, M Scarpa, M Wahl, H Calvetti, M Iacopini, E Ruggiero, G Bizzeti, A Lenti, M Veltri, M Behler, M Eppard, K Kleinknecht, K Marouelli, P Masetti, L Moosbrugger, U Morales, CM Renk, B Wache, M Wanke, R Winhart, A Coward, D Dabrowski, A Martin, TF Shieh, M Szleper, M Velasco, M Wood, MD Anzivino, G Imbergamo, E Nappi, A Piccini, M Raggi, M Valdata-Nappi, M Cenci, P Pepe, M Petrucci, MC Cerri, C Fantechi, R Collazuol, G DiLella, L Lamanna, G Mannelli, I Michetti, A Costantini, F Doble, N Fiorini, L Giudici, S Pierazzini, G Sozzi, M Venditti, S Bloch-Devaux, B Cheshkov, C Cheze, JB De Beer, M Derre, J Marel, G Mazzucato, E Peyaud, B Vallage, B Holder, M Ziolkowski, M Biino, C Cartiglia, N Marchetto, F Bifani, S Clemencic, M Lopez, SG Dibon, H Jeitler, M Markytan, M Mikulec, I Neuhofer, G Widhalm, L AF Batley, J. R. Culling, A. J. Kalmus, G. Lazzeroni, C. Munday, D. J. Slater, M. W. Wotton, S. A. Arcidiacono, R. Bocquet, G. Cabibbo, N. Ceccucci, A. Cundy, D. Falaleev, V. Fidecaro, M. Gatignon, L. Gonidec, A. Kubischta, W. Norton, A. Maier, A. Patel, M. Peters, A. Balev, S. Frabetti, P. L. Goudzovski, E. Hristov, P. Kekelidze, V. Kozhuharov, V. Litov, L. Madigozhin, D. Marinova, E. Molokanova, N. Polenkevich, I. Potrebenikov, Yu. Stoynev, S. Zinchenko, A. Monnier, E. Swallow, E. Winston, R. Rubin, P. Walker, A. Baldini, W. Ramusino, A. Cotta Dalpiaz, P. Damiani, C. Fiorini, M. Gianoli, A. Martini, M. Petrucci, F. Savrie, M. Scarpa, M. Wahl, H. Calvetti, M. Iacopini, E. Ruggiero, G. Bizzeti, A. Lenti, M. Veltri, M. Behler, M. Eppard, K. Kleinknecht, K. Marouelli, P. Masetti, L. Moosbrugger, U. Morales, C. Morales Renk, B. Wache, M. Wanke, R. Winhart, A. Coward, D. Dabrowski, A. Martin, T. Fonseca Shieh, M. Szleper, M. Velasco, M. Wood, M. D. Anzivino, G. Imbergamo, E. Nappi, A. Piccini, M. Raggi, M. Valdata-Nappi, M. Cenci, P. Pepe, M. Petrucci, M. C. Cerri, C. Fantechi, R. Collazuol, G. DiLella, L. Lamanna, G. Mannelli, I. Michetti, A. Costantini, F. Doble, N. Fiorini, L. Giudici, S. Pierazzini, G. Sozzi, M. Venditti, S. Bloch-Devaux, B. Cheshkov, C. Cheze, J. B. De Beer, M. Derre, J. Marel, G. Mazzucato, E. Peyaud, B. Vallage, B. Holder, M. Ziolkowski, M. Biino, C. Cartiglia, N. Marchetto, F. Bifani, S. Clemencic, M. Lopez, S. Goy Dibon, H. Jeitler, M. Markytan, M. Mikulec, I. Neuhofer, G. Widhalm, L. TI Empirical parameterization of the K-+/- -> pi(+/-)pi(0)pi(0) decay Dalitz plot SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article AB As first observed by the NA48/2 experiment at the CERN SPS, the pi(0)pi(0) invariant mass (M-00) distribution from K-+/- -> pi(+/-)pi(0)pi(0) decay shows a cusp-like anomaly at M-00 = 2m(+), where m(+) is the charged pion mass An analysis to extract the pi pi scattering lengths in the isospin I = 0 and I = 2 states. a(0) and a(2), respectively, has been recently reported In the present work the Dahtz plot of this decay is fitted to a new empirical parameterization suitable for practical purposes, such as Monte Carlo simulations of K-+/- -> pi(+/-)pi(0)pi(0) decays (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Balev, S.; Frabetti, P. L.; Goudzovski, E.; Hristov, P.; Kekelidze, V.; Kozhuharov, V.; Litov, L.; Madigozhin, D.; Marinova, E.; Molokanova, N.; Polenkevich, I.; Potrebenikov, Yu.; Stoynev, S.; Zinchenko, A.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. [Batley, J. R.; Culling, A. J.; Kalmus, G.; Lazzeroni, C.; Munday, D. J.; Slater, M. W.; Wotton, S. A.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Arcidiacono, R.; Bocquet, G.; Cabibbo, N.; Ceccucci, A.; Cundy, D.; Falaleev, V.; Fidecaro, M.; Gatignon, L.; Gonidec, A.; Kubischta, W.; Norton, A.; Maier, A.; Patel, M.; Peters, A.; Hristov, P.; Fiorini, M.; Cheshkov, C.; Clemencic, M.] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Monnier, E.; Swallow, E.; Winston, R.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60126 USA. [Rubin, P.; Walker, A.] Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Norton, A.; Baldini, W.; Ramusino, A. Cotta; Dalpiaz, P.; Damiani, C.; Fiorini, M.; Gianoli, A.; Martini, M.; Petrucci, F.; Savrie, M.; Scarpa, M.; Wahl, H.] Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Norton, A.; Baldini, W.; Ramusino, A. Cotta; Dalpiaz, P.; Damiani, C.; Fiorini, M.; Gianoli, A.; Martini, M.; Petrucci, F.; Savrie, M.; Scarpa, M.; Wahl, H.] Sez INFN Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Calvetti, M.; Iacopini, E.; Ruggiero, G.] Dipartimento Fis Univ, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. [Calvetti, M.; Iacopini, E.; Ruggiero, G.; Bizzeti, A.; Lenti, M.; Veltri, M.] Sez INFN Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. [Behler, M.; Eppard, K.; Kleinknecht, K.; Marouelli, P.; Masetti, L.; Moosbrugger, U.; Morales, C. Morales; Renk, B.; Wache, M.; Wanke, R.; Winhart, A.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Stoynev, S.; Coward, D.; Dabrowski, A.; Martin, T. Fonseca; Shieh, M.; Szleper, M.; Velasco, M.; Wood, M. D.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Anzivino, G.; Imbergamo, E.; Nappi, A.; Piccini, M.; Raggi, M.; Valdata-Nappi, M.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Marinova, E.; Anzivino, G.; Imbergamo, E.; Nappi, A.; Piccini, M.; Raggi, M.; Valdata-Nappi, M.; Cenci, P.; Pepe, M.; Petrucci, M. C.] Sez INFN Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Balev, S.; Ruggiero, G.; Cerri, C.; Fantechi, R.; Collazuol, G.; DiLella, L.; Lamanna, G.; Mannelli, I.; Michetti, A.; Costantini, F.; Fiorini, L.; Giudici, S.; Pierazzini, G.; Sozzi, M.; Venditti, S.] Sez INFN Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. [Balev, S.; Ruggiero, G.; Collazuol, G.; DiLella, L.; Lamanna, G.; Mannelli, I.; Michetti, A.] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. [Costantini, F.; Doble, N.; Fiorini, L.; Giudici, S.; Pierazzini, G.; Sozzi, M.; Venditti, S.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. [Bloch-Devaux, B.; Cheshkov, C.; Cheze, J. B.; De Beer, M.; Derre, J.; Marel, G.; Mazzucato, E.; Peyaud, B.; Vallage, B.] CEA Saclay, DSM RFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Holder, M.; Ziolkowski, M.] Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. [Arcidiacono, R.; Biino, C.; Cartiglia, N.; Marchetto, F.; Bifani, S.; Clemencic, M.; Lopez, S. Goy] Sez INFN Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Arcidiacono, R.; Bifani, S.; Lopez, S. Goy] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Dibon, H.; Jeitler, M.; Markytan, M.; Mikulec, I.; Neuhofer, G.; Widhalm, L.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Hochenergiephys, A-10560 Vienna, Austria. [Lazzeroni, C.; Slater, M. W.; Goudzovski, E.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Cabibbo, N.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Cabibbo, N.] Sez INFN Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Cundy, D.] CNR, Ist Cosmogeofis, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Kozhuharov, V.] Sofia Univ St Kliment Ohridski, Fac Phys, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria. [Monnier, E.] Univ Aix Marseille 2, Ctr Phys Particules Marseille, IN2P3, CNRS, Marseille, France. [Rubin, P.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Bizzeti, A.] Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento Fis, I-41100 Modena, Italy. [Veltri, M.] Univ Urbino, Ist Fis, I-61029 Urbino, Italy. [Masetti, L.] Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Coward, D.] Stanford Univ, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Martin, T. Fonseca] Univ London, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. [Wood, M. D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Raggi, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Fiorini, L.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Bifani, S.] Univ Bern, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Lopez, S. Goy] Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Madigozhin, D (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. RI Cenci, Patrizia/A-4071-2012; Collazuol, Gianmaria/C-5670-2012; Piccini, Mauro/G-7163-2012; Sozzi, Marco/H-1674-2011; Jeitler, Manfred/H-3106-2012; Fiorini, Massimiliano/A-5354-2015; Gianoli, Alberto/H-5544-2015; OI Bifani, Simone/0000-0001-7072-4854; Collazuol, Gianmaria/0000-0002-7876-6124; Sozzi, Marco/0000-0002-2923-1465; Fiorini, Massimiliano/0000-0001-6559-2084; Gianoli, Alberto/0000-0002-2456-8667; Bloch-Devaux, Brigitte/0000-0002-2463-1232; Anzivino, Giuseppina/0000-0002-5967-0952 NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAR 22 PY 2010 VL 686 IS 2-3 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2010.02.036 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 579NH UT WOS:000276377500004 ER PT J AU Murayama, H Jing, S AF Murayama, Hitoshi Jing Shu TI Topological dark matter SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICAL SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; MAGNETIC MONOPOLES; DEFECT FORMATION; STRING FORMATION; SUPERFLUID HE-3; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; TRANSITION; GENERATION; ANALOG AB Kibble mechanism drastically underestimates the production of point-like topological defects, as confirmed recently in atomic and condensed matter systems If non-thermally produced, they can be cosmological dark matter of mass 1-10 PeV or heavier If thermalized, skyrimon of mass 1-10 TeV is also a viable dark matter candidate, whose decay may explain e(+/-) spectra in cosmic rays recently measured by PAMELA, FERMI, and HESS Collaborations Models that produce magnetic monopoles below the inflation scale, such as Pati-Salam unification, are ruled out unless new annihilation mechanism for monopoles is introduced (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Murayama, Hitoshi; Jing Shu] Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [Murayama, Hitoshi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Murayama, Hitoshi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jing, S (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. RI Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011; OI Shu, Jing/0000-0001-6569-403X FU World Premier International Research Center Initiative, MEXT, Japan; US DOE [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; NSF [PHY-04-57315]; Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) [20540257, 21740169] FX The authors thank Shin'ya Aoki, Koichi Hamaguchi, Tetsuo Hatsuda, Simeon Hellerman, Masahiro Ibe, Joel Moore, Hai Qian, Masahito Ueda, and Tsutomu Yanagida for useful discussions. This work was supported in part by World Premier International Research Center Initiative, MEXT, Japan. The work of H M. was also supported in part by the US DOE under Contract DE-AC03-76SF00098, the NSF under grant PHY-04-57315, and the Grant-in-Aid for scientific research (C) 20540257 from Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS). The work of J.S. was also supported by the Grant-in-Aid for scientific research (Young Scientists (B) 21740169) from JSPS. NR 53 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAR 22 PY 2010 VL 686 IS 2-3 BP 162 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2010.02.037 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 579NH UT WOS:000276377500014 ER PT J AU Barber, MJ Mangravite, LM Hyde, CL Chasman, DI Smith, JD McCarty, CA Li, XH Wilke, RA Rieder, MJ Williams, PT Ridker, PM Chatterjee, A Rotter, JI Nickerson, DA Stephens, M Krauss, RM AF Barber, Mathew J. Mangravite, Lara M. Hyde, Craig L. Chasman, Daniel I. Smith, Joshua D. McCarty, Catherine A. Li, Xiaohui Wilke, Russell A. Rieder, Mark J. Williams, Paul T. Ridker, Paul M. Chatterjee, Aurobindo Rotter, Jerome I. Nickerson, Deborah A. Stephens, Matthew Krauss, Ronald M. TI Genome-Wide Association of Lipid-Lowering Response to Statins in Combined Study Populations SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; TREATMENT PANEL-III; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; LOCI; GENE; THERAPY; RISK; PHARMACOGENOMICS; STRATIFICATION AB Background: Stains effectively lower total and plasma LDL-cholesterol, but the magnitude of decrease varies among individuals. To identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contributing to this variation, we performed a combined analysis of genome-wide association (GWA) results from three trials of statin efficacy. Methods and Principal Findings: Bayesian and standard frequentist association analyses were performed on untreated and statin-mediated changes in LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride on a total of 3932 subjects using data from three studies: Cholesterol and Pharmacogenetics (40 mg/day simvastatin, 6 weeks), Pravastatin/Inflammation CRP Evaluation (40 mg/day pravastatin, 24 weeks), and Treating to New Targets (10 mg/day atorvastatin, 8 weeks). Genotype imputation was used to maximize genomic coverage and to combine information across studies. Phenotypes were normalized within each study to account for systematic differences among studies, and fixed-effects combined analysis of the combined sample were performed to detect consistent effects across studies. Two SNP associations were assessed as having posterior probability greater than 50%, indicating that they were more likely than not to be genuinely associated with statin-mediated lipid response. SNP rs8014194, located within the CLMN gene on chromosome 14, was strongly associated with statin-mediated change in total cholesterol with an 84% probability by Bayesian analysis, and a p-value exceeding conventional levels of genome- wide significance by frequentist analysis (P = 1.8x10(-8)). This SNP was less significantly associated with change in LDL-cholesterol (posterior probability = 0.16, P = 4.0x10(-6)). Bayesian analysis also assigned a 51% probability that rs4420638, located in APOC1 and near APOE, was associated with change in LDL-cholesterol. Conclusions and Significance: Using combined GWA analysis from three clinical trials involving nearly 4,000 individuals treated with simvastatin, pravastatin, or atorvastatin, we have identified SNPs that may be associated with variation in the magnitude of statin-mediated reduction in total and LDL-cholesterol, including one in the CLMN gene for which statistical evidence for association exceeds conventional levels of genome-wide significance. C1 [Barber, Mathew J.; Stephens, Matthew] Univ Chicago, Dept Human Genet, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Mangravite, Lara M.; Krauss, Ronald M.] Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. [Hyde, Craig L.; Chatterjee, Aurobindo] Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Stat Applicat, Groton, CT USA. [Chasman, Daniel I.; Ridker, Paul M.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ctr Cardiovasc Dis Prevent, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Chasman, Daniel I.; Ridker, Paul M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Smith, Joshua D.; Rieder, Mark J.; Nickerson, Deborah A.] Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McCarty, Catherine A.] Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Ctr Human Genet, Marshfield, WI USA. [Li, Xiaohui; Rotter, Jerome I.] Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Inst Med Genet, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Wilke, Russell A.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Wilke, Russell A.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Williams, Paul T.] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Stephens, Matthew] Univ Chicago, Dept Stat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Barber, MJ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Human Genet, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM rkrauss@chori.org OI Mangravite, Lara/0000-0001-7841-3612 FU National Institutes of Health [U01 HL69757, R01 HG002585, U01 HL084689]; Cedars-Sinai board of governors' chair in medical genetics, NCRR [MO1-RR00425]; DERC [DK063491]; Donald W. Reynolds Foundation FX This work was funded by a grant from the National Institutes of Health, U01 HL69757. Additional support was provided by National Institutes of Health grants R01 HG002585 and U01 HL084689 (MS), by the Cedars-Sinai board of governors' chair in medical genetics, NCRR grant MO1-RR00425, and DERC grant DK063491 (JR) and by a grant from the Donald W. Reynolds Foundation (PR and DC). These funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The Treating to New Targets Study (TNT) was funded by Pfizer and CH and AC are full time employees of Pfizer and were involved in analysis and interpretation of the data, as well as revisions to the manuscript. NR 40 TC 117 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 22 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 3 AR e9763 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0009763 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 573FR UT WOS:000275894300008 PM 20339536 ER PT J AU Lykidis, A Perez-Pantoja, D Ledger, T Mavromatis, K Anderson, IJ Ivanova, NN Hooper, SD Lapidus, A Lucas, S Gonzalez, B Kyrpides, NC AF Lykidis, Athanasios Perez-Pantoja, Danilo Ledger, Thomas Mavromatis, Kostantinos Anderson, Iain J. Ivanova, Natalia N. Hooper, Sean D. Lapidus, Alla Lucas, Susan Gonzalez, Bernardo Kyrpides, Nikos C. TI The Complete Multipartite Genome Sequence of Cupriavidus necator JMP134, a Versatile Pollutant Degrader SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RALSTONIA-EUTROPHA JMP134(PJP4); ALCALIGENES-EUTROPHUS; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; GENE-CLUSTER; TETRAHYDROFURFURYL ALCOHOL; COMAMONAS TESTOSTERONI; MICROBIAL-METABOLISM; 3-CHLOROBENZOIC ACID; PLASMID PJP4 AB Background: Cupriavidus necator JMP134 is a Gram-negative beta-proteobacterium able to grow on a variety of aromatic and chloroaromatic compounds as its sole carbon and energy source. Methodology/ Principal Findings: Its genome consists of four replicons (two chromosomes and two plasmids) containing a total of 6631 protein coding genes. Comparative analysis identified 1910 core genes common to the four genomes compared (C. necator JMP134, C. necator H16, C. metallidurans CH34, R. solanacearum GMI1000). Although secondary chromosomes found in the Cupriavidus, Ralstonia, and Burkholderia lineages are all derived from plasmids, analyses of the plasmid partition proteins located on those chromosomes indicate that different plasmids gave rise to the secondary chromosomes in each lineage. The C. necator JMP134 genome contains 300 genes putatively involved in the catabolism of aromatic compounds and encodes most of the central ring-cleavage pathways. This strain also shows additional metabolic capabilities towards alicyclic compounds and the potential for catabolism of almost all proteinogenic amino acids. This remarkable catabolic potential seems to be sustained by a high degree of genetic redundancy, most probably enabling this catabolically versatile bacterium with different levels of metabolic responses and alternative regulation necessary to cope with a challenging environment. From the comparison of Cupriavidus genomes, it is possible to state that a broad metabolic capability is a general trait for Cupriavidus genus, however certain specialization towards a nutritional niche (xenobiotics degradation, chemolithoautotrophy or symbiotic nitrogen fixation) seems to be shaped mostly by the acquisition of "specialized" plasmids. Conclusions/Significance: The availability of the complete genome sequence for C. necator JMP134 provides the groundwork for further elucidation of the mechanisms and regulation of chloroaromatic compound biodegradation. C1 [Lykidis, Athanasios; Mavromatis, Kostantinos; Anderson, Iain J.; Ivanova, Natalia N.; Hooper, Sean D.; Lapidus, Alla; Lucas, Susan; Kyrpides, Nikos C.] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Perez-Pantoja, Danilo; Ledger, Thomas; Gonzalez, Bernardo] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, NM PFG, NM EMBA,Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Santiago, Chile. [Perez-Pantoja, Danilo; Ledger, Thomas; Gonzalez, Bernardo] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, CASEB, Santiago, Chile. [Ledger, Thomas; Gonzalez, Bernardo] Univ Adolfo Ibanez, Fac Ingn & Ciencia, Santiago, Chile. RP Lykidis, A (reprint author), US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. EM alykidis@lbl.gov RI Lapidus, Alla/I-4348-2013; Kyrpides, Nikos/A-6305-2014 OI Lapidus, Alla/0000-0003-0427-8731; Kyrpides, Nikos/0000-0002-6131-0462 FU US Department of Energy's Office of Science; University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06NA25396]; FONDECYT [1070343]; Millennium Nuclei [P/04-007-F, P/06-009-F]; research program FONDAP [1501-0001]; [PBCT RED-12] FX The work presented in this article was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program and by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract No. DE-AC02-06NA25396. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Additional support from the FONDECYT grant 1070343; the Millennium Nuclei grants P/04-007-F and P/06-009-F; the research program FONDAP 1501-0001 and the grant PBCT RED-12 is acknowledged. D. P. P. is a CONICYT-DAAD PhD fellow. NR 66 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 24 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 22 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 3 AR e9729 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0009729 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 573FR UT WOS:000275894300005 PM 20339589 ER PT J AU Abdelsayed, V Gardner, T AF Abdelsayed, Victor Gardner, Todd TI Catalytic cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxide over Pt nanoparticles supported on self-assembled coordination polymers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Parsons RDS LLC, Morgantown, WV USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 492-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189304822 ER PT J AU Addy, SEA Gadgil, A Kostecki, R Srinivasan, V AF Addy, Susan E. A. Gadgil, Ashok Kostecki, Robert Srinivasan, Venkat TI Affordable arsenic removal from Bangladesh groundwater with electrocoagulation: Preliminary results SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 176-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189300288 ER PT J AU Aleksandrov, HA Zhao, ZJ Basaran, D Moskaleva, LV Chen, ZX Mei, DH Roesch, N AF Aleksandrov, Hristiyan A. Zhao, Zhi-Jian Basaran, Duygu Moskaleva, Lyudmila V. Chen, Zhao-Xu Mei, Donghai Roesch, Notker TI Mechanistic study of ethylene conversion to ethylidyne on M(111) (M = Pd, Pt) with DFT and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TU Muenchen, Catalysis Res Ctr, Garching, Germany. TU Muenchen, Dept Chem, Garching, Germany. Univ Sofia, Fac Chem, BU-1126 Sofia, Bulgaria. Univ Bremen, Inst Angew & Phys Chem, Bremen, Germany. Nanjing Univ, Inst Theoret & Computat Chem, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Moskaleva, Lyudmila/D-1889-2012; Aleksandrov, Hristiyan/R-4055-2016 OI Moskaleva, Lyudmila/0000-0003-0168-7126; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 233-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189302540 ER PT J AU Allotta, PM Stair, PC AF Allotta, Paula M. Stair, Peter C. TI Ultraviolet-Raman studies of coke formation during hydrocarbon conversion over zeolite catalysts SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL USA. Northwestern Univ, Ctr Catalysis & Surface Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 49-PETR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189304173 ER PT J AU Alnajjar, M AF Alnajjar, Mikhail TI Handling pyrophoric reagents SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Alnajjar, Mikhail] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 4-CHAS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189301122 ER PT J AU Alp, EE AF Alp, Esen Ercan TI Unique aspects of nuclear resonance spectroscopy as a probe of vibrations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Alp, Esen Ercan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 631-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189303260 ER PT J AU Amirav, L Alivisatos, PA AF Amirav, Lilac Alivisatos, Paul A. TI Photocatalytic hydrogen production with tunable nanorod heterostructures SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 124-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189304199 ER PT J AU Amonette, JE Nachimuthu, P Russell, CK Baer, DR Tratnyek, PG Dohnalkova, A Wang, CM Nurmi, JT AF Amonette, James E. Nachimuthu, Ponnusamy Russell, Colleen K. Baer, Donald R. Tratnyek, Paul G. Dohnalkova, Alice Wang, Chongmin Nurmi, James T. TI Adsorbate effects on aqueous oxidation of nano-sized zerovalent iron particles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Fundamental & Computat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Environm & Biomol Syst, Beaverton, OR USA. RI Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013 OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 12-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189301822 ER PT J AU Angelici, RJ AF Angelici, Robert J. TI Catalysis by bulk gold metal (non-nanogold) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Angelici, Robert J.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA USA. [Angelici, Robert J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 107-CATL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189300744 ER PT J AU Arachchige, I Ivanov, S AF Arachchige, Indika Ivanov, Sergei TI New approach toward the synthesis of small luminescent gold clusters SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Arachchige, Indika; Ivanov, Sergei] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 1340-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189303043 ER PT J AU Atcher, RW AF Atcher, Robert W. TI Challenges for using Actinium-225 in radionuclide therapy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ New Mexico, Coll Pharm, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 181-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189303610 ER PT J AU Atoms, ND Gordon, MS Windus, TL AF Atoms, Nicholas D. Gordon, Mark S. Windus, Theresa L. TI Sampling pre-critical clusters in a sulfuric acid aerosol SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 111-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189302078 ER PT J AU Baker, RT Hanson, SK Gordon, JG Thorn, DL Crisci, A Scott, SL Borden, WT Dong, H AF Baker, R. Tom Hanson, Susan K. Gordon, John G. Thorn, David L. Crisci, Anthony Scott, Susannah L. Borden, Weston T. Dong, Hao TI Aerobic oxidation of biomass-derived polyalcohols and lignin analogs using oxovanadium complexes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Ottawa, Dept Chem, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Ctr Catalysis Res & Innovat, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2010 VL 239 MA 93-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V21DW UT WOS:000208189303377 ER EF