FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Sannigrahi, P Ragauskas, AJ Tuskan, GA AF Sannigrahi, Poulomi Ragauskas, Arthur J. Tuskan, Gerald A. TI Poplar as a feedstock for biofuels: A review of compositional characteristics SO BIOFUELS BIOPRODUCTS & BIOREFINING-BIOFPR LA English DT Review DE poplar; biofuels; lignin; cellulose; hemicellulose ID CINNAMYL ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; O-METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ASPEN POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; HYBRID POPLAR; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; LEADING TECHNOLOGIES; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; CELLULOSIC BIOFUELS; TRANSGENIC POPLARS AB The growing demand for transportation fuels, along with concerns about the harmful effects of greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of fossil fuels, has assured a viable future for the development of alternative fuels from renewable resources, such as lignocellulosic biomass. The efficient utilization of these biomass resources is critically dependant on the in-depth knowledge of their chemical constituents. This, together with the desired fuel properties, helps tailor the chemical and/or enzymatic processes involved in converting biomass to biofuels. Hybrid poplars are among the fastest growing temperate trees in the world and a very promising feedstock for biofuels and other value-added products. Sequencing of the poplar genome has paved the way for tailoring new cultivars and clones optimized for biofuels production. Our objective is to review published research on the composition of the key chemical constituents of hybrid poplar species used for biofuels. Biomass yields, elemental composition, carbohydrate and lignin content and composition are some of the characteristics reviewed, with emphasis on lignin structure. Genetic modifications used to alter lignin content and composition, with the aim of improving biofuels yields, are also examined. (C) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd C1 [Ragauskas, Arthur J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Inst Paper Sci & Technol, BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Tuskan, Gerald A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Ragauskas, AJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Inst Paper Sci & Technol, BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM Arthur.Ragauskas@chemistry.gatech.edu RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011; OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289; Ragauskas, Arthur/0000-0002-3536-554X FU BioEnergy Science Center; Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science FX This work was supported and performed as part of the BioEnergy Science Center. The BioEnergy Science Center is a US Department of Energy Bioenergy Research Center supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science. NR 82 TC 189 Z9 189 U1 7 U2 125 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1932-104X J9 BIOFUEL BIOPROD BIOR JI Biofuels Bioprod. Biorefining PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 4 IS 2 BP 209 EP 226 DI 10.1002/bbb.206 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 579TQ UT WOS:000276398500016 ER PT J AU Mani, S Sokhansanj, S Tagore, S Turhollow, AF AF Mani, S. Sokhansanj, S. Tagore, S. Turhollow, A. F. TI Techno-economic analysis of using corn stover to supply heat and power to a corn ethanol plant - Part 2: Cost of heat and power generation systems SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE CHP system; Payback period; Corn stover; Coal; Natural gas; Environmental impact assessment ID COMBUSTION; POTENTIALS; EMISSIONS AB This paper presents a techno-economic analysis of corn stover fired process heating (PH) and the combined heat and power (CHP) generation systems for a typical corn ethanol plant (ethanol production capacity of 170 dam(3)). Discounted cash flow method was used to estimate both the capital and operating costs of each system and compared with the existing natural gas fired heating system. Environmental impact assessment of using corn stover, coal and natural gas in the heat and/or power generation systems was also evaluated. Coal fired process heating (PH) system had the lowest annual operating cost due to the low fuel cost, but had the highest environmental and human toxicity impacts. The proposed combined heat and power (CHP) generation system required about 137 Gg of corn stover to generate 9.5 MW of electricity and 52.3 MW of process heat with an overall CHP efficiency of 83.3%. Stover fired CHP system would generate an annual savings of 3.6 M$ with an payback period of 6 y. Economics of the coal fired CHP system was very attractive compared to the stover fired CHP system due to lower fuel cost. But the greenhouse gas emissions per Mg of fuel for the coal fired CHP system was 32 times higher than that of stover fired CHP system. Corn stover fired heat and power generation system for a corn ethanol plant can improve the net energy balance and add environmental benefits to the corn to ethanol biorefinery. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mani, S.] Univ Georgia, Driftmier Engn Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sokhansanj, S.; Turhollow, A. F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tagore, S.] US DOE, Off Biomass Program, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Mani, S (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Driftmier Engn Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM smani@engr.uga.edu RI Mani, Sudhagar/A-4315-2010 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) FX Authors acknowledge Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Office of Biomass Program, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), for providing funding to conduct this research. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 34 IS 3 BP 356 EP 364 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.11.007 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 576UE UT WOS:000276173800012 ER PT J AU Zhang, YHP AF Zhang, Y. -H. Percival TI Production of Biocommodities and Bioelectricity by Cell-Free Synthetic Enzymatic Pathway Biotransformations: Challenges and Opportunities SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE biocatalyst; bioelectricity; biocommodity; cell-free synthetic biology; synthetic pathway biotransformation (SyPaB); weight-based total turn-over number (TTNw) ID 2,5-DIKETO-D-GLUCONIC ACID REDUCTASE; RECOMBINANT PROTEIN EXPRESSION; NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE; ARTIFICIAL COENZYME CL4; COFACTOR-BINDING POCKET; MICROBIAL FUEL-CELLS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CLOSTRIDIUM-ACETOBUTYLICUM; BIOFUEL CELLS; HYPERTHERMOPHILIC ENZYMES AB Cell-free synthetic (enzymatic) Pathway biotransformation (SyPaB) is the assembly of a number of purified enzymes (usually more than 10) and coenzymes for the production of desired products through complicated biochemical reaction networks that a single enzyme cannot do. Cell-free SyPaB, as compared to microbial fermentation, has several distinctive advantages, such as high product yield, great engineering flexibility, high product titer, and fast reaction rate. Biocommodities (e.g., ethanol, hydrogen, and butanol) are low-value products where costs of feedstock carbohydrates often account for similar to 30-70% of the prices of the products. Therefore, yield of biocommodities is the most important cost factor, and the lowest yields of profitable biofuels are estimated to be ca. 70% of the theoretical yields of sugar-to-biofuels based on sugar prices of ca. US$ 0.18 per kg. The opinion that SyPaB is too costly for producing low-value biocommodities are mainly attributed to the lack of stable standardized building blocks (e.g., enzymes or their complexes), costly labile coenzymes, and replenishment of enzymes and coenzymes. In this perspective, I propose design principles for SyPaB, present several SyPaB examples for generating hydrogen, alcohols, and electricity, and analyze the advantages and limitations of SyPaB. The economical analyses clearly suggest that developments in stable enzymes or their complexes as standardized parts, efficient coenzyme recycling, and, use of low-cost and more stable biomimetic coenzyme analogs, would result in much lower production costs than do microbial fermentations because the stabilized enzymes have more than 3 orders of magnitude higher weight-based total turn-over numbers than microbial biocatalysts, although extra costs for enzyme purification and stabilization are spent. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 663-677. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Zhang, Y. -H. Percival] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zhang, Y. -H. Percival] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, ICTAS, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zhang, Y. -H. Percival] DOE Bioenergy Sci Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Zhang, YHP (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 210-A Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM biofuels@vt.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Muri; DOE Bioenergy Science Center (BESC); USDA Biodesign and Bioprocess Center; ICTAS; DOD FX Contract grant sponsor: Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Muri Contract grant sponsor: DOE Bioenergy Science Center (BESC) Contract grant sponsor: USDA Biodesign and Bioprocess Center Contract grant sponsor: ICTAS Contract grant sponsor: DOD NR 186 TC 77 Z9 82 U1 4 U2 48 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 4 BP 663 EP 677 DI 10.1002/bit.22630 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 558KX UT WOS:000274742200001 PM 19998281 ER PT J AU Shehabi, A Ganguly, S Gundel, LA Horvath, A Kirchstetter, TW Lunden, MM Tschudi, W Gadgil, AJ Nazaroff, WW AF Shehabi, Arman Ganguly, Srirupa Gundel, Lara A. Horvath, Arpad Kirchstetter, Thomas W. Lunden, Melissa M. Tschudi, William Gadgil, Ashok J. Nazaroff, William W. TI Can combining economizers with improved filtration save energy and protect equipment in data centers? SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Indoor air quality; Particulate matter; Hygroscopic salts; Black carbon; Equipment reliability; Energy efficiency ID BLACK CARBON; AEROSOL; INDOOR; PERFORMANCE; NITRATE; ORIGIN AB Economizer use in data centers is an energy efficiency strategy that could significantly limit electricity demand in this rapidly growing economic sector. Widespread economizer implementation, however, has been hindered by potential reliability concerns associated with exposing information technology equipment to particulate matter of outdoor origin. This study explores the feasibility of using economizers in data centers to save energy while controlling particle concentrations with high-quality air filtration. Physical and chemical properties of indoor and outdoor particles were analyzed at an operating northern California data center equipped with an economizer under varying levels of air filtration efficiency. Results show that when improved filtration is used in combination with an economizer, the indoor/outdoor concentration ratios for most measured particle types were similar to levels when using conventional filtration without economizers. An energy analysis of the data center reveals that, even during the summer months, chiller savings from economizer use greatly outweigh any increase in fan power associated with improved filtration. These findings indicate that economizer use combined with improved filtration could reduce data center energy demand while providing a level of protection from particles of outdoor origin similar to that observed with conventional design. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shehabi, Arman; Horvath, Arpad; Gadgil, Ashok J.; Nazaroff, William W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shehabi, Arman; Ganguly, Srirupa; Gundel, Lara A.; Kirchstetter, Thomas W.; Lunden, Melissa M.; Tschudi, William; Gadgil, Ashok J.; Nazaroff, William W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nazaroff, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nazaroff@ce.berkeley.edu RI Nazaroff, William/C-4106-2008; OI Nazaroff, William/0000-0001-5645-3357; Gadgil, Ashok/0000-0002-0357-9455 FU Pacific Gas Electric; University of California Energy Institute; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Benjamin Chu, Dennis DiBartolomeo, Ray Dod, Michael Lough-Stevens, and Douglas Sullivan for their contributions to developing the experimental apparatus and performing on-site monitoring, and Dale Christensen at IBM for conducting the ion chromatography analysis. We thank David Shroyer, Cameron Smith, Rudy Tajalle, Richard Turner, and the rest of the data center staff for their generous cooperation. This project was funded by Pacific Gas & Electric and by the University of California Energy Institute, California Studies Grant Program. Most of the work was performed at LBNL under the U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1323 J9 BUILD ENVIRON JI Build. Environ. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 45 IS 3 BP 718 EP 726 DI 10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.08.009 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 526QN UT WOS:000272307700023 ER PT J AU Tung, YC Hu, SC Xu, TF Wang, RH AF Tung, Yun-Chun Hu, Shih-Cheng Xu, Tengfang Wang, Ren-Huei TI Influence of ventilation arrangements on particle removal in industrial cleanrooms with various tool coverage SO BUILDING SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE cleanroom; particle; CFD; Lagrangian; industrial building ID ROOM; TRANSPORT; PERFORMANCE; SIMULATION; DIFFUSION; SYSTEM AB This paper aims to investigate the influence of comparative ventilation arrangements (wall-return, locally balanced ceiling-return, and four-way ceiling-return) on the airflow distribution and particle fates within cleanrooms of ISO cleanliness class 7 with various tool coverage ratios (0%, 38%, and 60%). Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was employed to analyze and compare the influence of the three ventilation arrangements on concentrations for particles of various sizes (diameters ranging from 0.01 to 100 mu m) in the cleanrooms. The techniques of Eulerian and Lagrangian in CFD were employed for solving the continuous fluid and tracking the particle trajectory, respectively. The outcomes from this study suggested that particle removal rates for the given cleanrooms were significantly affected by the tool coverage ratios, the design of ventilation, and the particle sizes of concerns. In the cases of heavy tool coverage, the locally balanced ceiling-return ventilation arrangements can minimize the need for the relocation of the production lines and layouts of the production tools in cleanrooms, and may provide viable solutions to effective contamination without compromising contamination effectiveness or efficiency. C1 [Tung, Yun-Chun; Hu, Shih-Cheng; Wang, Ren-Huei] Natl Taipei Univ Technol, Dept Energy & Refrigerating Air Conditioning Engn, Taipei 10608, Taiwan. [Xu, Tengfang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Int Energy Studies Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hu, SC (reprint author), Natl Taipei Univ Technol, Dept Energy & Refrigerating Air Conditioning Engn, 1,Sec 3,Chung Hsiao E Rd, Taipei 10608, Taiwan. EM schu.ntut@gmail.com NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU TSINGHUA UNIV PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIV, RM A703, XUEYAN BLDG, BEIJING, 10084, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1996-3599 EI 1996-8744 J9 BUILD SIMUL-CHINA JI Build. Simul. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 3 IS 1 BP 3 EP 13 DI 10.1007/s12273-010-0301-z PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology GA 746ZQ UT WOS:000289290300002 ER PT J AU Merkle, AP Erdemir, A Eryilmaz, OL Johnson, JA Marks, LD AF Merkle, A. P. Erdemir, A. Eryilmaz, O. L. Johnson, J. A. Marks, L. D. TI In situ TEM studies of tribo-induced bonding modifications in near-frictionless carbon films SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID DLC COATINGS; ATMOSPHERES; BEHAVIOR; DRY AB Direct in situ TEM evidence is presented for a mechanically-induced increase in sp(2) bond content in the tribolayers formed on near-frictionless carbon (NFC) films. An in situ TEM nanomanipulation holder is used to perform sliding experiments between a nano-sized tungsten probe and electron transparent NFC samples. Electron energy loss spectra (EELS) were acquired between sliding events to show an incremental increase in the 1s-pi peak, suggesting that a graphitization-like process occurs which can lead to a change in the tribological performance of a variety of hard carbon films. Presently, this behavior is only observed for one of the two varieties of NFC, while supporting TEM imaging evidence is in qualitative agreement with macroscopic friction and wear behavior. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Merkle, A. P.; Marks, L. D.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Erdemir, A.; Eryilmaz, O. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Johnson, J. A.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Laser Applicat, Inst Space, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. [Johnson, J. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Merkle, AP (reprint author), Carl Zeiss SMT Inc, Peabody, MA 01960 USA. EM arnomerkle@gmail.com RI Marks, Laurence/B-7527-2009; Johnson, Jacqueline/P-4844-2014 OI Johnson, Jacqueline/0000-0003-0830-9275 FU National Science Foundation [DGE-0114429]; Air Force office of Scientific Research [49620-03-1-0092]; Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Freedom Car and Vehicle Technologies Program [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; DOE Office of Science [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation on Grant No. DGE-0114429, the Air Force office of Scientific Research on Grant No. 49620-03-1-0092, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Freedom Car and Vehicle Technologies Program, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357, and was carried out in the Electron Microscopy Center at Argonne National Laboratory, which is supported by the DOE Office of Science under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD MAR PY 2010 VL 48 IS 3 BP 587 EP 591 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2009.08.036 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 548XX UT WOS:000274004700002 ER PT J AU Wang, JJA Liu, KC Naus, D AF Wang, John Jy-An Liu, Ken C. Naus, Dan TI A new test method for determining the fracture toughness of concrete materials SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fracture toughness; Mortar; Concrete AB The Spiral Notch Torsion Test (SNTT) determines the intrinsic fracture toughness (K(IC)) of structural materials by applying pure torsion to cylindrical specimens having a notch line that spirals around the specimen at a 45 degrees pitch. K(IC) values are obtained with the aid of a three-dimensional finite-element computer code, TOR3D-KIC. The SNTT method is suitable for testing a wide variety of materials used extensively in pressure vessel and piping structural components and weldments, as well as ceramic and graphite materials. One important characteristic of SNTT is that neither a fatigue precrack nor a deep notch is required for evaluation of brittle materials, significantly reducing the sample size requirement. Results are reported for a Portland cement-based mortar demonstrating applicability of the SNTT method to cementitious materials. The estimated K(IC) of the tested mortar samples with compressive strength of 34.45 MPa was found to be 0.360 +/- 0.017 MPa root m. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, John Jy-An; Liu, Ken C.; Naus, Dan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, JJA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wangja@ornl.gov RI Chen, Wei/A-5694-2010; OI Wang, Jy-An/0000-0003-2402-3832 FU ORNL LDRD [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The research was sponsored by the ORNL LDRD Seed Money Program under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-8846 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 40 IS 3 BP 497 EP 499 DI 10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.09.019 PG 3 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 559YV UT WOS:000274869600019 ER PT J AU Veith, GM Lupini, AR Pennycook, SJ Dudney, NJ AF Veith, Gabriel M. Lupini, Andrew R. Pennycook, Stephen J. Dudney, Nancy J. TI Influence of Support Hydroxides on the Catalytic Activity of Oxidized Gold Clusters SO CHEMCATCHEM LA English DT Article DE gold; heterogeneous catalysis; hydroxylation; oxidation; supported catalysts ID TEMPERATURE CO OXIDATION; RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; THERMAL-STABILITY; NANOPARTICLES; WATER; OXIDE; TIO2; SILICA; AU; PRECURSOR AB Gold oxide nanoparticles were prepared on the native surface and a hydroxylated surface of a nonporous TiO2 support (Degussa P25). Scanning transmission electron microscopy shows the formation of similarly sized clusters on both support materials (1.86 and 1.61 nm clusters on the native oxide and the hydroxylated oxide respectively). X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy clearly indicate the formation of Au3+-rich oxide nanoparticles. Despite the similar cluster sizes and oxidation states, the gold oxide clusters grown on the hydroxylated surface were at least 180 times more catalytically active for the oxidation of carbon monoxide than those grown on the native oxide surface. Thus hydroxides, which are incidentally introduced during the solution-phase synthesis of gold catalysts, appear to play a dominant, but previously largely unrecognized, role in the catalytic properties of both oxidized and metallic gold particles. C1 [Veith, Gabriel M.; Lupini, Andrew R.; Pennycook, Stephen J.; Dudney, Nancy J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Veith, GM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM veithgm@ornl.gov RI Dudney, Nancy/I-6361-2016 OI Dudney, Nancy/0000-0001-7729-6178 FU National Synchrotron Light Source; Brookhaven National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors thank Degusso for donating the P25 and Nebojsa (Ned) Marinkovic for helping with the XANES measurements. Microscopy studies at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center for Nanophose Materials Sciences, were sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. This research was sponsored by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, U.S. Deportment of Energy under contract with UT-Bottelle, LLC. NR 53 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1867-3880 EI 1867-3899 J9 CHEMCATCHEM JI ChemCatChem PD MAR PY 2010 VL 2 IS 3 BP 281 EP 286 DI 10.1002/cctc.200900243 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 573UF UT WOS:000275939700008 ER PT J AU Simmons, BA Singh, S Holmes, BM Blanch, HW AF Simmons, Blake A. Singh, Seema Holmes, Bradley M. Blanch, Harvey W. TI Ionic Liquid Pretreatment SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS; LIGNIN; WOOD; DISSOLUTION; EXPLOSION; SOFTWOOD; ETHANOL; POLAR; ACID C1 [Simmons, Blake A.] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Deconstruct Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Simmons, BA (reprint author), Joint BioEnergy Inst, Deconstruct Div, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM basimmo@sandia.gov NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0360-7275 J9 CHEM ENG PROG JI Chem. Eng. Prog. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 106 IS 3 SU S BP 50 EP 55 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 572CL UT WOS:000275804300016 ER PT J AU Oraka, E King, ME Callahan, DB AF Oraka, Emeka King, Michael E. Callahan, David B. TI Asthma and Serious Psychological Distress Prevalence and Risk Factors Among US Adults, 2001-2007 SO CHEST LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; ANXIETY DISORDERS; LIMITATION INDEX; CHRONIC DISEASES; MENTAL-ILLNESS; PANIC-ATTACKS AB Background: For millions of adults, effective control of asthma requires a regimen of care that may be compromised by psychological factors, such as anxiety and depression. This study estimated the prevalence and risk factors for serious psychological distress (SPD) and explored their relationship to health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among adults with asthma in the United States. Methods: We analyzed data from 186,738 adult respondents from the 2001-2007 US National Health Interview Survey. We calculated weighted average prevalence estimates of current asthma and SPD by demographic characteristics and health-related factors. We used logistic regression analysis to calculate odds ratios for factors that may have predicted asthma, SPD, and HRQOL. Results: From 2001 to 2007, the average annual prevalence of cut-rent asthma was 7.0% and the average prevalence of SPD was 3.0%. Among adults with asthma, the prevalence of SPD was 7.5% (95% CI, 7.0%-8.1%). A negative association between HRQOL and SPD was found for all adults, independent of asthma status. A similar pattern of risk factors predicted SPD and the co-occurrence of SPD and asthma, although adults with asthma who reported lower socioeconomic status, a history of smoking or alcohol use, and more comorbid chronic conditions had significantly higher odds of SPD. Conclusion: This research suggests the importance of mental health screening for persons with asthma and the need for clinical and community-based interventions to target modifiable lifestyle factors that contribute to psychological distress and make asthma worse. CHEST 2010; 137(3):609-616 C1 [Oraka, Emeka; King, Michael E.; Callahan, David B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Oraka, Emeka] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Oraka, E (reprint author), Bldg 106,4770 Buford Hwy, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM eoraka@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Center for Environmental Health; Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch FX This work was performed and funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch. NR 56 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD MAR PY 2010 VL 137 IS 3 BP 609 EP 616 DI 10.1378/chest.09-1777 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 567WC UT WOS:000275477100017 PM 19837824 ER PT J AU Shahzad, F Siddiqi, SA Im, MY Avallone, A Fischer, P Hussain, Z Siddiqi, I Hellman, F AF Shahzad, F. Siddiqi, S. A. Im, M. Y. Avallone, A. Fischer, P. Hussain, Z. Siddiqi, I. Hellman, F. TI Layer resolved magnetization reversal study in SmCo5/Fe nanocomposite bilayers SO CHINESE PHYSICS B LA English DT Article DE multilayers; x-ray microscopes; magnetic properties of nanostructures ID X-RAY MICROSCOPY; EXCHANGE-SPRING MAGNETS; COMPOSITE; DOMAINS AB A hard/soft SmCo5/Fe nanocomposite magnetic bilayer system is fabricated on x-ray transparent 100-200 nm thin Si3N4 films by magnetron sputtering. The microscopic magnetic domain pattern and its behaviours during magnetization reversal in the hard and the soft magnetic phases are studied separately by element specific magnetic soft x-ray microscopy at a spatial resolution of better than 25 nm. We observe that the domain patterns for the soft and hard phases show coherent behaviours in varying magnetic fields. We derive local M(H) curves from the images of Fe and SmCo5 separately and find the switches for hard and soft phases to be the same. C1 [Shahzad, F.; Siddiqi, S. A.] Univ Punjab, Ctr Solid State Phys, Lahore 54590, Pakistan. [Im, M. Y.; Avallone, A.; Fischer, P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hussain, Z.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Siddiqi, I.; Hellman, F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shahzad, F (reprint author), Univ Punjab, Ctr Solid State Phys, Lahore 54590, Pakistan. EM furrukh11@yahoo.com RI MSD, Nanomag/F-6438-2012; Fischer, Peter/A-3020-2010; Siddiqi, Irfan/E-5548-2015; OI Fischer, Peter/0000-0002-9824-9343; Siddiqi, Saadat Anwar/0000-0002-9488-2627 FU Higher Education Commission of Pakistan; BES/DOE FX Project supported by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan under International Research Support Initiative Program and partially supported by BES/DOE funding. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1674-1056 J9 CHINESE PHYS B JI Chin. Phys. B PD MAR PY 2010 VL 19 IS 3 AR 037504 DI 10.1088/1674-1056/19/3/037504 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 570GQ UT WOS:000275660700093 ER PT J AU Jiao, Y Guan, XL Satogata, T Fang, SX Wei, J Tang, JY Chen, Y Qiu, J Shu, H AF Jiao Yi Guan Xia-Ling Satogata Todd Fang Shou-Xian Wei Jie Tang Jing-Yu Chen Yuan Qiu Jing Shu Hang TI Physical design of scanning gantry for proton therapy facility SO CHINESE PHYSICS C LA English DT Article DE proton therapy; gantry; optics; scanning system ID ION-THERAPY; BEAMS AB A proton therapy facility based on a linac injector and a slow cycling synchrotron is proposed. To achieve effective treatment of cancer, a scanning gantry is required. The flexible transmission of beam and high beam position accuracy are the most basic requirements For a gantry. The designed gantry optics and scanning system are presented. Great efforts are put into studying the sensitivity of the beam position in the isocenter to the element misalignments. It shows that quadrupole shift makes the largest contribution and special attention should be paid to it. C1 [Jiao Yi; Guan Xia-Ling; Fang Shou-Xian; Tang Jing-Yu; Chen Yuan; Qiu Jing; Shu Hang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Satogata Todd; Wei Jie] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Wei Jie] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Jiao, Y (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. EM jiaoyi@ihep.ac.cn RI Jiao, Yi/G-3008-2015 OI Jiao, Yi/0000-0001-6318-2583 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [K711350503] FX Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (K711350503) NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU CHINESE PHYSICAL SOC PI BEIJING PA P O BOX 603, BEIJING 100080, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-1137 J9 CHINESE PHYS C JI Chin. Phys. C PD MAR PY 2010 VL 34 IS 3 BP 394 EP 397 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 568AY UT WOS:000275495100017 ER PT J AU Swager, MR Gray, LJ Fata, SN AF Swager, M. R. Gray, L. J. Fata, S. Nintcheu TI Galerkin Boundary Integral Analysis for the 3D Helmholtz Equation SO CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Helmholtz equation; boundary integral method; Galerkin approximation; hypersingular integrals ID ACOUSTIC RADIATION; CRACK PROBLEMS; ELEMENT METHOD; SCATTERING; FORMULATIONS; ELASTICITY AB A linear element Galerkin boundary integral analysis for the three-dimensional Helmholtz equation is presented. The emphasis is on solving acoustic scattering by an open (crack) surface, and to this end both a dual equation formulation and a symmetric hypersingular formulation have been developed. All singular integrals are defined and evaluated via a boundary limit process, facilitating the evaluation of the (finite) hypersingular Galerkin integral. This limit process is also the basis for the algorithm for post-processing of the surface gradient. The analytic integrations required by the limit process are carried out by employing a Taylor series expansion for the exponential factor in the Helmholtz fundamental solutions. For the open surface, the implementations are validated by comparing the numerical results obtained by using the two methods. C1 [Swager, M. R.] Emporia State Univ, Dept Math, Emporia, KS 66801 USA. [Gray, L. J.; Fata, S. Nintcheu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Swager, MR (reprint author), Emporia State Univ, Dept Math, Emporia, KS 66801 USA. FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing, U.S. Department of Energy [AC05-00OR22725] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Applied Mathematical Sciences Research Program of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. M. Swager's participation was through an appointment to the Higher Education Research Experiences Program (HERE) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI NORCROSS PA 6825 JIMMY CARTER BLVD, STE 1850, NORCROSS, GA 30071 USA SN 1526-1492 J9 CMES-COMP MODEL ENG JI CMES-Comp. Model. Eng. Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 BP 297 EP 314 PG 18 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 617BL UT WOS:000279255700004 ER PT J AU Richardson, ES Sankaran, R Grout, RW Chen, JH AF Richardson, E. S. Sankaran, R. Grout, R. W. Chen, J. H. TI Numerical analysis of reaction-diffusion effects on species mixing rates in turbulent premixed methane-air combustion SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Turbulent mixing time scale; Premixed flame; Scalar dissipation rate; Direct numerical simulation ID SCALAR DISSIPATION EQUATION; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; FLAMES; FLOWS; SIMULATIONS; MODEL; DILATATION; FLUX AB The scalar mixing time scale, a key quantity in many turbulent combustion models, is investigated for reactive scalars in premixed combustion. Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of three-dimensional, turbulent Bunsen flames with reduced methane-air chemistry have been analyzed in the thin reaction zones regime. Previous conclusions from single step chemistry DNS studies are confirmed regarding the role of dilatation and turbulence-chemistry interactions on the progress variable dissipation rate. Compared to the progress variable, the mixing rates of intermediate species is found to be several times greater. The variation of species mixing rates are explained with reference to the structure of one-dimensional premixed laminar flames. According to this analysis, mixing rates are governed by the strong gradients which are imposed by flamelet structures at high Damkohler numbers. This suggests a modeling approach to estimate the mixing rate of individual species which can be applied, for example, in transported probability density function simulations. Flame-turbulence interactions which modify the flamelet based representation are analyzed. (C) 2009 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Richardson, E. S.; Grout, R. W.; Chen, J. H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Reacting Flow Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Sankaran, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Richardson, ES (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Reacting Flow Res Dept, POB 969,MS 9051, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM esrich@sandia.gov RI Sankaran, Ramanan/D-9254-2015 OI Sankaran, Ramanan/0000-0002-5352-9915 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Bio-sciences, the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), the US Department of Energy (DOE); US DOE [DE-AC04-94-AL85000, DE-AC05-00OR22725]; National Center for Computational Sciences (NCCS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) FX The authors are grateful to Prof. S.B. Pope (Cornell University, Ithaca, NY) for his comments on this work. The work at SNL was supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Bio-sciences, the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), the US Department of Energy (DOE) and also by the US DOE, BES, SciDAC Computational Chemistry program. SNL is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the US DOE under Contract No. DE-AC04-94-AL85000. This research used resources of the National Center for Computational Sciences (NCCS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), which is supported by the Office of Science of the US DOE under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD MAR PY 2010 VL 157 IS 3 BP 506 EP 515 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.11.007 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 548YD UT WOS:000274005400010 ER PT J AU Murphy, JJ Shaddix, CR AF Murphy, Jeffrey J. Shaddix, Christopher R. TI Effect of reactivity loss on apparent reaction order of burning char particles SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Coal; Char; Combustion; Kinetics; Reaction order; Burnout ID PULVERIZED-COAL COMBUSTION; THERMAL DEACTIVATION; ACTIVATION-ENERGY; FUEL COMBUSTION; RATE-EQUATIONS; FLUIDIZED-BED; SOLID-FUEL; OXIDATION; KINETICS; CARBON AB Considerable debate still exists in the char combustion community over the expected and observed reaction orders of carbon reacting with oxygen. In particular, very low values of the reaction order (approaching zero) are commonly observed in char combustion experiments. These observations appear to conflict with porous catalyst theory as first expressed by Thiele, which suggests that the apparent reaction order Must be greater than 0.5. In this work, we propose that this conflict may be resolved by considering the decrease in char reactivity with burnout due to ash effects, thermal annealing, or other phenomena. Specifically, the influence of ash dilution of the available Surface area on the apparent reaction order is explored. Equations describing the ash dilution effect are combined with a model for particle burnout based on single-film nth-order Arrhenius char combustion and yield an analytical expression for the effective reaction order. When this expression is applied for experimental conditions reflecting combustion of individual pulverized coal particles in an entrained flow reactor, the apparent reaction order is shown to be lower than the inherent char matrix reaction order, even for negligible extents of char conversion. As char conversion proceeds and approaches completion, the apparent reaction order drops precipitously past zero to negative values. Conversely, the inclusion of the ash dilution model has little effect on the char conversion profile or char particle temperature until significant burnout has occurred. Taken together, these results suggest that the common experimental observation of low apparent reaction orders during char combustion is a consequence of the lack of explicit modeling of the decrease in char reactivity with burnout. (C) 2009 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Murphy, Jeffrey J.; Shaddix, Christopher R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Shaddix, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, MS 9052,7011 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM crshadd@sandia.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94-AL85000] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy through the National Energy Technology Laboratory's Power Systems Advanced Research Program, managed by Dr. Robert Romanosky. Sandia is operated by the Sandia Corporation, a Lock-heed Martin Company, for the US DOE under Contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. NR 35 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD MAR PY 2010 VL 157 IS 3 BP 535 EP 539 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.09.013 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 548YD UT WOS:000274005400013 ER PT J AU Pappacena, KE Johnson, MT Wang, H Porter, WD Faber, KT AF Pappacena, K. E. Johnson, M. T. Wang, H. Porter, W. D. Faber, K. T. TI Thermal properties of wood-derived copper-silicon carbide composites fabricated via electrodeposition SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Thermal properties; Finite element analysis (FEA); Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); Anisotrophy; Thermal conductivity ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; CERAMICS; MICROSTRUCTURES; CONDUCTIVITY AB Copper-silicon carbide composites were fabricated by electrodeposition of copper into pores of wood-derived silicon carbide, a ceramic with a microstructure that can be tailored via the use of different wood precursors. Thermal conductivity values were determined using flash diffusivity, at temperatures from 0 to 900 degrees C. Thermal conductivities of up to 202 W/m K at 0 degrees C and 148 W/mK at 900 degrees C were achieved. Object-oriented finite-element analysis (OOF) modeling was used to understand the heat flux distributions throughout the microstructures. OOF was also used to calculate the effective thermal conductivity, which correlated well with experimentally-determined values for axially-oriented composites. In addition, OOF was used to predict effective conductivity values and heat flux distributions for transversely-oriented composites. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pappacena, K. E.; Johnson, M. T.; Faber, K. T.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Wang, H.; Porter, W. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Faber, KT (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2220 N Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM k-faber@northwestern.edu RI Faber, Katherine/B-6741-2009; Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0710630]; NSF-NSEC; NSF-MRSEC; Keck Foundation; State of Illinois; Northwestern University; Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (DMR-0710630).; The SEM work was performed in the EPIC facilities of NUANCE Center at Northwestern University. NUANCE Center is supported by NSF-NSEC, NSF-MRSEC, Keck Foundation, the State of Illinois, and Northwestern University.; Thermal diffusivity and specific heat experiments were sponsored by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies, as part of the High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy under contract Number DE-AC0500OR22725. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 70 IS 3 BP 478 EP 484 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.11.011 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 562UJ UT WOS:000275080100009 ER PT J AU Engdahl, NB Weissmann, GS Bonal, ND AF Engdahl, Nicholas B. Weissmann, Gary S. Bonal, Nedra D. TI An integrated approach to shallow aquifer characterization: combining geophysics and geostatistics SO COMPUTATIONAL GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Heterogeneity modeling; Geophysics; Geostatistics; GPR; Aquifer characterization ID REGION-GROWING ALGORITHM; GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; TRANSITION-PROBABILITY GEOSTATISTICS; POROUS-MEDIA; DEPOSITS; HETEROGENEITY; HYDROFACIES; IMAGES; MODEL AB We present a method of aquifer characterization that is able to utilize multiple sources of conditioning data to build a more realistic model of heterogeneity. This modeling approach (InMod) uses geophysical data to delineate bounding surfaces within sedimentary deposits. The depositional volumes between bounding surfaces are identified automatically from the geophysical data by a region growing algorithm. Simple geometric rules are used to constrain the growth of the regions in 3-D. The nodes within the depositional volume are assigned to categorical lithologies using geostatistical realizations and a dynamic lookup routine that can be conditioned to field data. The realizations created with this method preserve geologically expected features and produces sharp juxtapositions of high and low hydraulic conductivity lithologies along bounding surfaces. The realizations created with InMod also have higher variance than models created only with geostatistics and honor the volumetric distribution of sediments measured from field data. C1 [Engdahl, Nicholas B.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Weissmann, Gary S.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Bonal, Nedra D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geophys, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Engdahl, NB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM nbengdahl@gmail.com; weissman@unm.edu FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors would like to thank the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Department of Geophysics, for the use of their GPR system, Fred Gebhardt and Dale Rankin of the US Geological Survey New Mexico Water Science center for their assistance in the collection of the sample cores, and Chris Engdahl and Amy Williams for their assistance in the collection of the GPR data used in this study. The authors also thank two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved this manuscript. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-0597 J9 COMPUTAT GEOSCI JI Comput. Geosci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 14 IS 2 BP 217 EP 229 DI 10.1007/s10596-009-9145-y PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 554SY UT WOS:000274455900001 ER PT J AU Li, DS Khaleel, M Sun, X Garmestani, H AF Li, Dongsheng Khaleel, Moe Sun, Xin Garmestani, Hamid TI Representation of correlation statistics functions in heterogeneous materials using layered fast spherical harmonics expansion SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Statistical continuum mechanics; Statistics correlation; Spherical harmonics; Microstructure representation; Probability functions ID SPATIAL CORRELATION-FUNCTIONS; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; PREDICTING PROPERTIES; COMPOSITES; DESIGN; OPTIMIZATION; BEHAVIOR; SOLIDS AB Statistical correlation function, including two-point function, is one of the popular methods to digitize microstructure quantitatively. This paper investigated how to represent statistical correlations using layered fast spherical harmonics expansion. A set of spherical harmonics coefficients may be used to represent the corresponding microstructures. It is applied to represent carbon nanotube composite microstructures to demonstrate how efficiently and precisely the harmonics coefficients will characterize the microstructure. This microstructure representation methodology will dramatically improve the computational efficiencies for future works in microstructure reconstruction and property prediction. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Dongsheng; Garmestani, Hamid] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Khaleel, Moe; Sun, Xin] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Li, DS (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM dl138@mail.gatech.edu OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749 FU US Department of Energy; [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830. This work was funded by the US Department of Energy under the Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NEAMS) Program managed by Mr. Alex Larzelere. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 48 IS 1 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2009.12.019 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 572RO UT WOS:000275850700015 ER PT J AU Wienke, BR AF Wienke, B. R. TI Computer validation and statistical correlations of a modern decompression diving algorithm SO COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Decompression diving; Data correlations; Model validation; Dual phase models; Maximum likelihood; RGBM Data Bank ID BUBBLE FORMATION; SICKNESS AB A diving algorithm is a safe combination of model and data to efficiently stage diver ascents following arbitrary underwater exposures. To that end, we detail a modern one, the LANL reduced gradient bubble model (RGBM), dynamical principles, and correlations with the LANL Data Bank data. Table, profile, and meter fit and risk parameters are obtained in statistical likelihood analysis from decompression exposure data. The RGBM algorithm enjoys extensive and utilitarian application in mixed gas diving, both in recreational and technical sectors, and forms the bases for released tables, software, and decompression meters used by scientific, commercial, and research divers. The LANL Data Bank is described, and the methods used to deduce risk are detailed. Risk functions for dissolved gas and bubbles are summarized. Parameters that can be used to estimate profile risk are tallied. To fit data, a modified Levenberg-Marquardt routine is employed. The LANL Data Bank presently contains 2879 profiles with 20 cases of DCS across nitrox, trimix, and heliox deep and decompression diving. This work establishes needed correlation between global mixed gas diving, specific bubble model, and deep stop data. Our objective is operational diving, not clinical science. The fit of bubble model to deep stop data is chi squared significant to 93%, using the logarithmic likelihood ratio of null set (actual set) to fit set. The RGBM algorithm is thus validated within the LANL Data Bank. Extensive and safe utilization of the model reported in field user statistics for tables, meters, and software also suggests real world validation, that is, one without noted nor reported DCS spikes in the field. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl & Computat Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wienke, BR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl & Computat Phys Div, LANL MS D409, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM brw@lanl.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-4825 J9 COMPUT BIOL MED JI Comput. Biol. Med. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 40 IS 3 BP 252 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2009.11.021 PG 9 WC Biology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 582JE UT WOS:000276592400003 PM 20080233 ER PT J AU Kanai, Y Neaton, JB Grossman, JC AF Kanai, Yosuke Neaton, Jeffrey B. Grossman, Jeffrey C. TI Theory and Simulation of Nanostructured Materials for Photovoltaic Applications SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; SEMICONDUCTORS; INSULATORS C1 [Kanai, Yosuke; Neaton, Jeffrey B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Grossman, Jeffrey C.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Kanai, Y (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM ykanai@llnl.gov; jbneaton@lbl.gov; jcg@mit.edu RI Kanai, Yosuke/B-5554-2016; Neaton, Jeffrey/F-8578-2015 OI Neaton, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7585-6135 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 12 IS 2 BP 18 EP 27 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 567IJ UT WOS:000275439900004 ER PT J AU Soltis, J Krouse, DP Laycock, NJ Zavadil, KR AF Soltis, J. Krouse, D. P. Laycock, N. J. Zavadil, K. R. TI Automated processing of electrochemical current noise in the time domain: I. Simulated signal SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Electrochemical calculations; Potentiostatic; Pitting corrosion; Repassivation ID PITTING CORROSION; STAINLESS-STEEL; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; STOCHASTIC-MODELS; CHLORIDE SOLUTION; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; PIT INITIATION; GROWTH; IRON; FLUCTUATIONS AB The concept of automated processing of electrochemical current noise in the time domain is presented. The methodology is based on the identification of "run-ups", which are representative of every single rising feature (transient) in a signal. Selected transients are then subjected to the analysis in terms of their characteristic parameters. Functionality is first demonstrated on a simulated signal with a predefined sample of pitting nucleation events and then in application to processing current signatures from potentiostatic tests on Alloy C22. The results from the analysis of the simulated signal are compared with those of a frequency-based analysis, and it is demonstrated that analysis in the time domain provides direct quantitative information on electrochemical processes that cannot be obtained from frequency-domain analysis. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Soltis, J.; Laycock, N. J.] Quest Reliabil Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand. [Krouse, D. P.] Ind Res Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand. [Zavadil, K. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Soltis, J (reprint author), Quest Reliabil Ltd, POB 38096, Wellington, New Zealand. EM j.soltis@questreliability.com FU New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology [C08X0409]; U.S. Department of Energy; Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Materials and Engineering Sciences FX This work was funded by the New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology under Contract C08X0409. K.R. Zavadil gratefully acknowledges support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Materials and Engineering Sciences. NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 52 IS 3 BP 838 EP 847 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2009.11.007 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 565QS UT WOS:000275309900021 ER PT J AU Joyce, CK Jennings, KE Hey, J Grossman, JC Kalil, T AF Joyce, Caneel K. Jennings, Kyle E. Hey, Jonathan Grossman, Jeffrey C. Kalil, Thomas TI Getting Down to Business: Using Speedstorming to Initiate Creative Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration SO CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Creative collaborations that cross disciplinary boundaries are essential to innovation. Individuals face challenges, however, in forming new collaborations. Empirical and anecdotal evidence suggests that the common formats of brainstorming and free-form networking are insufficient for enabling such collaborations to form. We present a potential solution called speedstorming, a pair-wise method of creative interaction similar to the round-robin 'speed-dating' technique. Speedstorming combines an explicit purpose, time limits, and one-on-one encounters to create a setting where boundary-spanning opportunities can be recognized, ideas can be explored at a deep level of interdisciplinary expertise, and potential collaborators can be quickly assessed. A comparison of speedstorming and brainstorming suggests that ideas from speedstorming were more technically specialized and that speedstorming participants were more certain in their assessments of the collaborative potential of others. This paper concludes with a discussion of the method's application in a variety of settings. C1 [Joyce, Caneel K.] London Sch Econ, Dept Management, London, England. [Grossman, Jeffrey C.] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Grossman, Jeffrey C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Grossman, Jeffrey C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Joyce, CK (reprint author), London Sch Econ, Dept Management, London, England. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0963-1690 J9 CREAT INNOV MANAG JI Creat. Innov. Manag. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 19 IS 1 BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8691.2009.00538.x PG 11 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA V21PP UT WOS:000208219800006 ER PT J AU Lizarazo, J Caspi, S Ferracin, P Joseph, J Lietzke, AF Sabbi, GL Wang, X AF Lizarazo, J. Caspi, S. Ferracin, P. Joseph, J. Lietzke, A. F. Sabbi, G. L. Wang, X. TI Analysis of voltage signals from superconducting accelerator magnets SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th CHATS (computation of thermo-hydraulic transients in superconductors) workshop CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2008 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN DE Superconducting magnet; Voltage tap; Magnet training; Quench analysis ID NB3SN; QUADRUPOLE; TRANSIENTS; LARP AB We present two techniques used in the analysis of voltage tap data collected during recent tests of superconducting magnets developed by the Superconducting Magnet Program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratoiy. The first technique was used on a quadrupole to provide information about quench origins that could not be obtained using the time-of-flight method The second technique illustrates the use of data from transient flux imbalances occurring during magnet ramping to diagnose changes in the current-temperature margin of a superconducting cable In both cases, the results of this analysis contributed to make improvements on subsequent magnets Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Lizarazo, J.; Caspi, S.; Ferracin, P.; Joseph, J.; Lietzke, A. F.; Sabbi, G. L.; Wang, X.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lizarazo, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 EI 1879-2235 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD MAR PY 2010 VL 50 IS 3 SI SI BP 204 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2009.09.004 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 578XN UT WOS:000276330500010 ER PT J AU Fernandez, CA Thallapally, PK Motkuri, RK Nune, SK Sumrak, JC Tian, J Liu, J AF Fernandez, Carlos A. Thallapally, Praveen K. Motkuri, Radha Kishan Nune, Satish K. Sumrak, Joseph C. Tian, Jian Liu, Jun TI Gas-Induced Expansion and Contraction of a Fluorinated Metal-Organic Framework SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID INDUCED TRANSFORMATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HIGH-CAPACITY; SEPARATION; CO2; ADSORPTION; STORAGE; PORES; CH4 AB Synthesis and gas sorption properties of a novel fluorinated metal-organic framework using commercially available 2,2-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane is reported with high selectivity toward CO(2), H(2)S, and SO(2) as well as breathing motion upon solvent removal and gas inclusion. C1 [Fernandez, Carlos A.; Thallapally, Praveen K.; Motkuri, Radha Kishan; Nune, Satish K.; Sumrak, Joseph C.; Tian, Jian; Liu, Jun] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Thallapally, PK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Praveen.thallapally@pnl.gov RI Tian, Jian/I-8637-2012; Motkuri, Radha/F-1041-2014; thallapally, praveen/I-5026-2014 OI Motkuri, Radha/0000-0002-2079-4798; thallapally, praveen/0000-0001-7814-4467 FU Laboratory Directed Research Development (LDRD); Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work is partially supported by Laboratory Directed Research Development (LDRD) and Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). PNNL is a multiprogramming laboratory operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 29 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 1037 EP 1039 DI 10.1021/cg9014948 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 562KT UT WOS:000275049800006 ER PT J AU Zolotoyabko, E Caspi, EN Fieramosca, JS Von Dreele, RB Marin, F Mor, G Addadi, L Weiner, S Politi, Y AF Zolotoyabko, E. Caspi, E. N. Fieramosca, J. S. Von Dreele, R. B. Marin, F. Mor, G. Addadi, L. Weiner, S. Politi, Y. TI Differences between Bond Lengths in Biogenic and Geological Calcite SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID ANISOTROPIC LATTICE-DISTORTIONS; X-RAY; RHOMBOHEDRAL CARBONATES; MAGNESIAN CALCITE; ELECTRON-DENSITY; PINNA-NOBILIS; MOLLUSK SHELL; BIOMINERALIZATION; ARAGONITE; CRYSTALS AB We used high-resolution neutron powder diffraction to accurately measure the atomic positions and bond lengths in biogenic and geological calcite. A special procedure for data analysis was developed in order to take into account the considerable amounts of magnesium present in all the investigated samples. As a result, in biogenic calcite we found some atomic bonds to have significantly different lengths as compared to those in geological calcite, after the contribution of magnesium is accounted for. The maximum effect (elongation up to 0.7%) was found for the C-O bonds. We also analyzed changes in frequencies and spectral widths of normal vibrations of carbonate groups in biogenic calcite (as compared to geological calcite) measured by Raman and Fourier transform I R techniques. Surprisingly, the frequency shifts after subtracting the magnesium contribution are close to zero. At the same time, substantial spectral broadening (up to 1.2%) in biogenic calcite as compared to geological samples was detected. Possible explanations for the experimental findings are discussed. C1 [Zolotoyabko, E.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Mat Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Caspi, E. N.] Nucl Res Ctr Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Fieramosca, J. S.; Von Dreele, R. B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Marin, F.] Univ Bourgogne, UMR 5561, Lab Biogeosci, F-21000 Dijon, France. [Mor, G.; Addadi, L.; Weiner, S.; Politi, Y.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Biol Struct, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Zolotoyabko, E (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Mat Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM zloto@tx.technion.ac.il FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-ACO2-O6CH11357] FX We thank the Israeli Ministry of Science, the Minerva Foundation, the Technion V. P. Research Fund, and the Shore Research Fund in Advanced Composites for financial support of this work. Neutron diffraction measurements were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under contract No. DE-ACO2-O6CH11357. The help of Dr. A. Berner (Technion) in elemental analysis by EDS and WDS is gratefully acknowledged. One of Lis (E.Z.) thanks Dr. B. Pokroy (Technion) for helpful discussions. E.Z. is the incumbent of the Abrallam Tulin Academic Chair, L.A. is the incumbent of the Dorothy and Patrick Gorman Professorial Chair of Biological Ultrastructure, and S.W. is the incumbent of the Dr. Walter and Dr. Trude Burchardt Professorial Chair of Structural Biology. NR 55 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 1207 EP 1214 DI 10.1021/cg901195t PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 562KT UT WOS:000275049800029 ER PT J AU Zou, RQ Abdel-Fattah, AI Xu, HW Burrell, AK Larson, TE McCleskey, TM Wei, Q Janicke, MT Hickmott, DD Timofeeva, TV Zhao, YS AF Zou, Ruqiang Abdel-Fattah, Amr I. Xu, Hongwu Burrell, Anthony K. Larson, Toti E. McCleskey, Thomas M. Wei, Qiang Janicke, Michael T. Hickmott, Donald D. Timofeeva, Tatiana V. Zhao, Yusheng TI Porous Metal-Organic Frameworks Containing Alkali-Bridged Two-Fold Interpenetration: Synthesis, Gas Adsorption, and Fluorescence Properties SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY BUILDING UNITS; COORDINATION POLYMERS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SURFACE-AREA; NETWORKS; MOLECULES; OXIDATION; CHEMISTRY; COPOLYMER; SORPTION AB Solvothermal reactions of Zn(NO(3))(2)center dot 6H(2)O and alkali (Na, K) chloride with the trigonal-planar ligand benzene-1,3,5-tribenzoic acid (H(3)BTB) gave rise to two new crystalline porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), [Zn(3)Na(2)O(BTB)(2)(DMF)(2)](DMF)(H(2)O) and [Zn(2)K(3)(BTB)(2)(HCOO)(DMF)(3)](DMF)(3)(H(2)O)(2), respectively. Both phases have Zn(3)Na(2)(mu(4)-O) and Zn(2)K(2)(HCOO) clusters as molecular building block nodes, and they form similar alkali-bridged 2-fold interpenetrated, (3,6)-connected nets with the mineral rtl-c topology. The alkali-bridged interpenetration reduces the flexibility of their interpenetrated nets, affording permanent porosity and high thermal stability. These two MOFs also exhibit high capacities of hydrogen uptake and strong solid fluorescent emissions. C1 [Zou, Ruqiang; Abdel-Fattah, Amr I.; Xu, Hongwu; Burrell, Anthony K.; Larson, Toti E.; McCleskey, Thomas M.; Wei, Qiang; Janicke, Michael T.; Hickmott, Donald D.; Zhao, Yusheng] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Zou, Ruqiang; Abdel-Fattah, Amr I.; Xu, Hongwu; Burrell, Anthony K.; Larson, Toti E.; McCleskey, Thomas M.; Wei, Qiang; Janicke, Michael T.; Hickmott, Donald D.; Zhao, Yusheng] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Timofeeva, Tatiana V.] New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. RP Zou, RQ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rzou@lanl.gov; yzhao@lanl.gov RI Hickmott, Donald/C-2886-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; zou, ruqiang/N-8803-2013; OI Larson, Toti/0000-0002-2291-5979; Janicke, Michael/0000-0002-3139-2882; Xu, Hongwu/0000-0002-0793-6923; Mccleskey, Thomas/0000-0003-3750-3245; Zou, Ruqiang/0000-0003-0456-4615 FU LANL [20080780PRD2]; NSF [0934212] FX We especially acknowledge Professor Bernard De Jong for his invaluable suggestions and comments. R.Z. sincerely thanks LANL for a Director's Postdoctoral Fellowship. This work was financially supported by LANL Director's funded postdoc LDRD Project No. 20080780PRD2. TVT is grateful for NSF support via DMR/PREM program grant No. 0934212. NR 46 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 1301 EP 1306 DI 10.1021/cg901347p PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 562KT UT WOS:000275049800043 ER PT J AU Bouvy, C Baker, GA Yin, HF Dai, S AF Bouvy, Claire Baker, Gary A. Yin, Hongfeng Dai, Sheng TI Growth of Gold Nanosheets and Nanopolyhedra in Pyrrolidinium-Based Ionic Liquids: Investigation of the Cation Effect on the Resulting Morphologies SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID IONOTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; SIZE CONTROL; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; SHAPE; IMIDAZOLIUM; NANORODS; SILVER AB Large gold nanosheets and small gold polyhedra have been successfully synthesized in room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) by an ionothermal reduction of HAuCl(4) under N(2) atmosphere, without using any additives. The effect of the organic cation on the final morphologies of the gold particles has been studied, and a series of pyrrolidinium-, imidazolium-, and quaternary amine-based ionic liquids have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Our results show that these ILs favor the anisotropic growth of gold by acting as template agents and that only gold microspheres can be obtained with the IL containing a reductive functionality. C1 [Bouvy, Claire] Univ Namur FUNDP, Lab Inorgan Mat Chem, B-5000 Namur, Belgium. [Baker, Gary A.; Yin, Hongfeng; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bouvy, C (reprint author), Univ Namur FUNDP, Lab Inorgan Mat Chem, 61 Rue Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium. EM claire.bouvy@fundp.ac.be RI Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 FU FRS-FNRS (Fonds National de lit. Recherche Scientifique, Belgium); Division of Chemical Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX C.B. thanks the FRS-FNRS (Fonds National de lit. Recherche Scientifique, Belgium) for a "postdoctoral researcher" fellowship. This work was partially sponsored by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 53 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 1319 EP 1322 DI 10.1021/cg9013575 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 562KT UT WOS:000275049800046 ER PT J AU Burr, T AF Burr, Tom TI Phylogenetic Trees in Bioinformatics SO CURRENT BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Phylogenetic trees; nucleotide substitution models; inference methods; bootstrap; Markov Chain Monte Carlo; population history ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; SEQUENCE DATA; TRANSMISSION HISTORY; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; POPULATION-GENETICS; DEMOGRAPHIC HISTORY; MODEL SELECTION; DNA-SEQUENCES; NUCLEOTIDE AB Genetic data is often used to infer evolutionary relationships among a collection of viruses, bacteria, animal or plant species, or other operational taxonomic units (OTU). A phylogenetic tree depicts such relationships and provides a visual representation of the estimated branching order of the OTUs. Tree estimation is unique for several reasons, including the types of data used to represent each OTU; the use of probabilistic nucleotide substitution models; the inference goals involving both tree topology and branch length, and the huge number of possible trees for a given sample of a very modest number of OTUs, which implies that finding the best tree(s) to describe the genetic data for each OTU is computationally demanding. Bioinformatics is too large a field to review here. We focus on that aspect of bioinformatics that includes study of similarities in genetic data from multiple OTUs. Although research questions are diverse, a common underlying challenge is to estimate the evolutionary history of the OTUs. Therefore, this paper reviews the role of phylogenetic tree estimation in bioinformatics, available methods and software, and identifies areas for additional research and development. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Burr, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Grp, Mail Stop F600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tburr@lanl.gov NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y-2, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1574-8936 EI 2212-392X J9 CURR BIOINFORM JI Curr. Bioinform. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 5 IS 1 BP 40 EP 52 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 554EB UT WOS:000274417200004 ER PT J AU Brennecka, GA Borg, LE Hutcheon, ID Sharp, MA Anbar, AD AF Brennecka, Gregory A. Borg, Lars E. Hutcheon, Ian D. Sharp, Michael A. Anbar, Ariel D. TI Natural variations in uranium isotope ratios of uranium ore concentrates: Understanding the U-238/U-235 fractionation mechanism SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE uranium; isotopes; UOC; fractionation; geolocation ID HEAVY-ELEMENTS; WATER AB Precise measurement of the U-238/U-235 ratio in geologic samples is now possible with modern techniques and mass spectrometers. Natural variations in this ratio have been shown in previous studies. In this study, data obtained from uranium ore concentrates of mining facilities around the world show clear evidence that the depositional redox environment in which uranium is precipitated is the primary factor affecting U-238/U-235 fractionation. Low-temperature uranium deposits are, on average, isotopically similar to 0.4 parts per thousand. heavier than uranium deposited at high temperatures or by non-redox processes. U-238/U-235 ratios coupled with U-235/U-234 ratios in the same sample provide evidence that the redox transition (U-VI -> U-IV) at low temperatures is the primary mechanism of U-238/U-235 fractionation and that aqueous alteration plays a very limited, if any, role in fractionation of the U-238/U-235 ratio. The isotopic variation of U is therefore a potential signature that can be used to trace the origin of uranium ore concentrate. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brennecka, Gregory A.; Anbar, Ariel D.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Borg, Lars E.; Hutcheon, Ian D.; Sharp, Michael A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Anbar, Ariel D.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Brennecka, GA (reprint author), POB 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM brennecka@asu.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors thank R. Williams for his efforts in helping create the double spike used in this study and G. Gordon for help with the MCICP-MS. We thank E. Schauble and one anonymous reviewer whose comments significantly improved this manuscript. This work was partially funded and supported by the NNSA Office of Dismantlement and Transparency. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 17 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 291 IS 1-4 BP 228 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.01.023 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 568RB UT WOS:000275539100023 ER PT J AU Iversen, CM Bridgham, SD Kellogg, LE AF Iversen, Colleen M. Bridgham, Scott D. Kellogg, Laurie E. TI Scaling plant nitrogen use and uptake efficiencies in response to nutrient addition in peatlands SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allocation; co-limitation; mean residence time; N limitation; nitrogen response efficiency; nitrogen uptake efficiency; nitrogen use efficiency; nutrient productivity; peatlands; P limitation; Upper Peninsula, Michigan, USA ID MINERAL-NUTRITION; WILD PLANTS; TRADE-OFFS; AVAILABILITY; COMMUNITIES; LIMITATION; GRADIENTS; PHOSPHORUS; SPHAGNUM; WETLANDS AB Nitrogen (N) is the primary growth-limiting nutrient in many terrestrial ecosystems, and therefore plant production per unit N taken up (i.e., N use efficiency, NUE) is a fundamentally important component of ecosystem function. Nitrogen use efficiency comprises two components: N productivity (A(N), plant production per peak biomass N content) and the mean residence time of N in plant biomass (MRTN). We utilized a five-year fertilization experiment to examine the manner in which increases in N and phosphorus (P) availability affected plant NUE at multiple biological scales (i.e., from leaf to community level). We fertilized a natural gradient of nutrient-limited peatland ecosystems in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. USA, with 6 g N.m(-2).yr(-1), 2 g P.m(-2)-yr(-1), or a combination of N and P. Our objectives were to determine how changes in carbon and N allocation within a plant to leaf and woody tissue and changes in species composition within a community, both above- and belowground, would affect (1) NUE; (2) the adaptive trade-off between the components of NUE; (3) the efficiency with which plants acquired N from the soil (N uptake efficiency). and (4) plant community production per unit soil N availability (N response efficiency, NRE). As expected, N and P addition generally increased aboveground production and N uptake. In particular, P availability strongly affected the way in which plants took up and used N. Nitrogen use efficiency response to nutrient addition was not straightforward. Nitrogen use efficiency differed between leaf and woody tissue, among species, and across the ombrotrophic-minerotrophic gradient because plants and communities were adapted to maximize either A(N) or MRT(N), but not both concurrently. Increased N availability strongly decreased plant and community N uptake efficiency, while increased P availability increased N uptake efficiency, particularly in a nitrogen-fixing shrub. Nitrogen uptake efficiency was more important in controlling overall plant community response to soil N availability than was NUE, and above- and belowground community N uptake efficiencies responded to nutrient addition in a similar manner. Our results demonstrate that plants respond to nutrient availability at multiple biological scales, and we suggest that N uptake efficiency may be a more representative measurement of plant responses to nutrient availability gradients than plant NUE. C1 [Iversen, Colleen M.; Bridgham, Scott D.; Kellogg, Laurie E.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Iversen, CM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM iversencm@ornl.gov RI Iversen, Colleen/B-8983-2012 FU National Science Foundation FX This work would not have been possible without the help of K. Lysyshyn, J. Keller, C. Stewart, and numerous undergraduate researchers. Thanks are also due to the University of Notre Dame Environmental Research Center for allowing us to conduct our experiments in these peatland ecosystems. Comments from two anonymous reviewers greatly improved a previous version of the manuscript. This experiment was supported by a National Science Foundation CAREER grant to S. D. Bridgham. NR 49 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 7 U2 78 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2010 VL 91 IS 3 BP 693 EP 707 DI 10.1890/09-0064.1 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 582XZ UT WOS:000276635500008 PM 20426329 ER PT J AU Kardol, P Cregger, MA Campany, CE Classen, AT AF Kardol, Paul Cregger, Melissa A. Campany, Courtney E. Classen, Aimee T. TI Soil ecosystem functioning under climate change: plant species and community effects SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elevated [CO(2)]; extracellular enzymes; Festuca pratense; global warming; Lespedeza cuneata; multifactor experiment; nematodes; Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA; old fields; open-top chambers; precipitation; redundancy analysis ID ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; EXTRACELLULAR ENZYME-ACTIVITY; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; WATER AVAILABILITY; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GLOBAL CHANGE; GRASSLAND; RESPONSES AB Feedbacks of terrestrial ecosystems to atmospheric and climate change depend on soil ecosystem dynamics. Soil ecosystems can directly and indirectly respond to climate change. For example, warming directly alters microbial communities by increasing their activity. Climate change may also alter plant community composition, thus indirectly altering the soil communities that depend on their inputs. To better understand how climate change may directly and indirectly alter soil ecosystem functioning, we investigated old-field plant community and soil ecosystem responses to single and combined effects of elevated [CO(2)], warming, and precipitation in Tennessee (USA). Specifically, we collected soils at the plot level (plant community soils) and beneath dominant plant species (plant-specific soils). We used microbial enzyme activities and soil nematodes as indicators for soil ecosystem functioning. Our study resulted in two main findings: (I) Overall, while there were some interactions, water, relative to increases in [CO(2)] and warming, had the largest impact on plant community composition, soil enzyme activity, and soil nematodes. Multiple climate-change factors can interact to shape ecosystems, but in our study, those interactions were largely driven by changes in water. (2) Indirect effects of change, via changes in plant communities, had a significant impact on soil ecosystem functioning, and this impact was not obvious when looking at plant community soils. Climate-change effects on enzyme activities and soil nematode abundance and community structure strongly differed between plant community soils and plant-specific soils, but also within plant-specific soils. These results indicate that accurate assessments of climate-change impacts on soil ecosystem functioning require incorporating the concurrent changes in plant function and plant community composition. Climate-change-induced shifts in plant community composition will likely modify or counteract the direct impact of atmospheric and climate change on soil ecosystem functioning, and hence, these indirect effects should be taken into account when predicting the manner in which global change will alter ecosystem functioning. C1 [Kardol, Paul] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kardol, Paul; Cregger, Melissa A.; Campany, Courtney E.; Classen, Aimee T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. RP Kardol, P (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Fac Forest Ecol & Management, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden. EM Paul.Kardol@seksko.slu.se RI Kardol, Paul/A-2600-2010; Classen, Aimee/C-4035-2008; Kardol, Paul/N-8383-2015 OI Classen, Aimee/0000-0002-6741-3470; Kardol, Paul/0000-0001-7065-3435 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-FG02-02ER63366, DE-AC05-000R22725] FX We thank Emily Austin, Joanne Childs, and Penny Long for technical assistance: Ernest Bernard (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology. University of Tennessee, Knoxville) for advice and use of equipment: and Richard Norby for critical reading of the manuscript. Jake Weltzin and Richard Norby were integral in establishing and designing the experiment. Research was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program. grant number DE-FG02-02ER63366, and work was conducted in collaboration with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-000R22725. NR 55 TC 118 Z9 134 U1 9 U2 233 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2010 VL 91 IS 3 BP 767 EP 781 DI 10.1890/09-0135.1 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 582XZ UT WOS:000276635500014 PM 20426335 ER PT J AU Bissell, M AF Bissell, M. TI Models to study breast cancer invasion and metastases: lessons from normal SO EJC SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT European Breast Cancer Conference CY MAR 24-24, 2010 CL Barcelona, SPAIN C1 [Bissell, M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6349 J9 EJC SUPPL JI EJC Suppl. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 8 IS 3 BP 183 EP 183 DI 10.1016/S1359-6349(10)70449-3 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 584MT UT WOS:000276756900446 ER PT J AU Choi, DW Wang, DH Viswanathan, VV Bae, IT Wang, W Nie, ZM Zhang, JG Graff, GL Liu, J Yang, ZG Duong, T AF Choi, Daiwon Wang, Donghai Viswanathan, Vish V. Bae, In-Tae Wang, Wei Nie, Zimin Zhang, Ji-Guang Graff, Gordon L. Liu, Jun Yang, Zhenguo Duong, Tien TI Li-ion batteries from LiFePO4 cathode and anatase/graphene composite anode for stationary energy storage SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Li-ion battery; LiFePO4; Anatase TiO2; Graphene; Stationary electrical storage ID INSERTION; GRAPHITE; TIO2 AB Li-ion batteries made from LiFePO4 cathode and anatase TiO2/graphene composite anode were investigated for potential application in stationary energy storage. Fine-structured LiFePO4 was synthesized by a novel molten surfactant approach whereas anatase TiO2/graphene nanocomposite was prepared via self-assembly method. The full cell that operated at 1.6 V demonstrated negligible fade even after more than 700 cycles at measured 1 C rate. While with relative lower energy density than traditional Li-ion chemistries interested for vehicle applications, the Li-ion batteries based on LiFePO4/TiO2 combination potentially offers long life and low cost, along with safety, all which are critical to the stationary applications. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Choi, Daiwon; Wang, Donghai; Viswanathan, Vish V.; Wang, Wei; Nie, Zimin; Zhang, Ji-Guang; Graff, Gordon L.; Liu, Jun; Yang, Zhenguo] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Bae, In-Tae] SUNY Binghamton, Small Scale Syst Integrat & Packaging Ctr, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Duong, Tien] US DOE, Washington, DC USA. RP Choi, DW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM daiwon.choi@pnl.gov RI Wang, Wei/F-4196-2010; Wang, Wei/E-4366-2010; Choi, Daiwon/B-6593-2008; Wang, Donghai/L-1150-2013 OI Wang, Wei/0000-0002-5453-4695; Wang, Donghai/0000-0001-7261-8510 FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE), US Department of Energy (DOE) FX The work is supported by Laboratory-Directed Research and Development Program of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and by the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE), US Department of Energy (DOE). Authors would like to thank Dr. Imre Gyuk at DOE-OE for discussion. SEM investigation was performed in S3IP Center at SUNY Binghamton by Empire State Development Corporation. NR 16 TC 92 Z9 96 U1 6 U2 106 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 12 IS 3 BP 378 EP 381 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2009.12.039 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 571VS UT WOS:000275784600013 ER PT J AU Wang, XJ Lee, HS Li, H Yang, XQ Huang, XJ AF Wang, X. J. Lee, H. S. Li, H. Yang, X. Q. Huang, X. J. TI The effects of substituting groups in cyclic carbonates for stable SEI formation on graphite anode of lithium batteries SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE SEI film; Ring-opening reaction; Lithium-ion batteries; Electrolytes ID PROPYLENE CARBONATE; ION BATTERIES; ELECTROLYTES; ALKALI; INTERCALATION; DECOMPOSITION; REDUCTION; BEHAVIOR; ETHYLENE; SOLVENT AB Monofluoropropylene carbonate (MFPC) and trifluoropropylene carbonate (TFPC) with a monofluoromethyl (or trifluoromethyl) replacing the methyl group in propylene carbonate (PC) as well as EC-CH(2)CH(2)Si(CH(3))(2)OSi(CH(3))(3) (Si-A) and EC-CH(2)CH(2)Si(CH(3))(3) (Si-B) have been synthesized. The charge-discharge studies in a Li/MCMB (mesocarbon microbeads) cell using electrolyte containing these compounds show that the solid electrolyte interphase (SE!) formation capability of MFPC/DMC (dimethyl carbonate) and TFPC/DMC are about the same as ethylene carbonate (EC)/DMC, and TFPC/PC/DMC is better than that of EC/PC/DMC, while MFPC/PC/DMC is poorer than the EC/PC/DMC. The superior SEI formation capability of TFPC could be attributed to the strong electron withdrawing group of CF(3), which promote the "ring opening" reaction. In contrast, the electron donating group CH(3) in the PC structure may demote the "ring opening" and cause the poor SEI formation. The results of MFPC with weaker electron withdrawing group give further support of this hypothesis. The bi-solvent electrolytes of Si-A/DMC and Si-B/DMC have comparable SEI formation capability as EC/DMC and TFPC/DMC, regardless of their bulky chains. This indicates that if proper chain structures are used, good SEI formation capability could be obtained for cyclic carbonate with bulky chains. These new solvents provide valuable information in studying the SEI formation mechanism and designing new electrolytes. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, X. J.; Li, H.; Huang, X. J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Wang, X. J.; Lee, H. S.; Yang, X. Q.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM hli@aphy.iphy.ac.cn; xqyang@gmail.com RI Li, Hong/C-4643-2008 OI Li, Hong/0000-0002-8659-086X FU Nature Scientific Foundation of China [50730005, 60621061]; "973" project [2007CB936501]; US Department of Energy [DEAC02-98CH10886] FX The work in CAS was supported by Nature Scientific Foundation of China (50730005 and 60621061) and "973" project (2007CB936501). The work at BNL was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies, of the US Department of Energy under Contract Number DEAC02-98CH10886. NR 18 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 70 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 12 IS 3 BP 386 EP 389 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2009.12.041 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 571VS UT WOS:000275784600015 ER PT J AU Zhao, N He, YQ Mao, X Sun, YH Zhang, XB Li, CZ Lin, YH Liu, GD AF Zhao, Ning He, Yuqing Mao, Xun Sun, Yuhan Zhang, Xibao Li, Chen-zhong Lin, Yuehe Liu, Guodong TI Electrochemical assay of active prostate-specific antigen (PSA) using ferrocene-functionalized peptide probes SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Prostate-specific antigen (PSA); Electrochemistry; Peptide; Ferrocene ID ENZYME-ACTIVITY; CANCER; FORMS AB This paper presents a novel approach to electrochemically determine enzymatically active PSA using ferrocene-functionalized helix peptide (CHSSLKQK). The principle of electrochemical measurement is based on the specific proteolytic cleavage events of the FC-peptide on the gold electrode surface in the presence of PSA, resulting the change of the current signal of the electrode. The percentage of the decreased current is linear with the concentration of active PSA at the range of 0.5-40 ng mL(-1) with a detection limit of 0.2 ng mL(-1). The direct transduction of peptide cleavage events into an electrical signal provides a simple, sensitive method for detecting the enzymatic activity of PSA and determining the active PSA concentration. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [He, Yuqing; Zhang, Xibao] Guangzhou Inst Dermatol, Dept Dermatol, Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Ning; Mao, Xun; Liu, Guodong] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Mol Biol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Zhao, Ning; Sun, Yuhan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Coal Chem, State Key Lab Coal Convers, Taiyuan 030001, Peoples R China. [Li, Chen-zhong] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Nanobioengn Bioelect Lab, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Lin, Yuehe] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhang, XB (reprint author), Guangzhou Inst Dermatol, Dept Dermatol, Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM zxibao@126.com; guodong.liu@ndsu.edu RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 FU North Dakota Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR); North Dakota State University; Pacific Northwest National laboratory (PNNL) FX G. Liu acknowledges financial support from the North Dakota Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) and new faculty startup funds from North Dakota State University. Y. Lin acknowledges the financial support from the laboratory directed research and development program at Pacific Northwest National laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by Battelle for DOE under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 16 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 12 IS 3 BP 471 EP 474 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2010.01.022 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 571VS UT WOS:000275784600036 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Mukherjee, PP Mishler, J Mukundan, R Borup, RL AF Wang, Yun Mukherjee, Partha P. Mishler, Jeff Mukundan, Rangachary Borup, Rodney L. TI Cold start of polymer electrolyte fuel cells: Three-stage startup characterization SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE PEM fuel cell; Cold start; Temperature dependence; Analysis; Voltage loss ID OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; CATHODE ELECTRODE; LAYER ELECTRODES; REACTION-RATES; TAFEL SLOPE; MODEL; PLATINUM; KINETICS; PERFORMANCE AB In this paper, the electrochemical kinetics, oxygen transport and solid water formation within the cathode electrode of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) during cold start is investigated. We specifically evaluate the key parameters that govern the self-startup of PEFCs by considering a wide range of the relevant factors. These parameters include characteristic time scales of cell warm-up, ionomer hydration in the catalyst layer, ice build-up and melting, as well as the ratios of the time constants. Supporting experimental observation using neutron imaging and isothermal cold start experiment is discussed. Gas purge is found to facilitate the PEFC cold start but the improvement may be relatively small compared with other methods such as selecting suitable materials and modifying the cell design. We define a three-step electrode process for cold start and conduct a one-dimensional analysis, which enables the evaluation of the impact of ice volume fraction and temperature variations on the cell cold start performance. The ionic conductivity data of Nafion (R) 117 membrane at subfreezing temperature, evaluated from experiment, is utilized to analyze the temperature dependence of the ohmic polarization during cold start. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Yun; Mishler, Jeff] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, RERL, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Wang, Yun; Mishler, Jeff] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Natl Fuel Cell Res Ctr, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Mukherjee, Partha P.; Mukundan, Rangachary; Borup, Rodney L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, RERL, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM yunw@uci.edu OI Mukundan, Rangachary/0000-0002-5679-3930 NR 36 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 55 IS 8 BP 2636 EP 2644 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.12.029 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 574JQ UT WOS:000275985700008 ER PT J AU Sasaki, K Wang, JX Naohara, H Marinkovic, N More, K Inada, H Adzic, RR AF Sasaki, K. Wang, J. X. Naohara, H. Marinkovic, N. More, K. Inada, H. Adzic, R. R. TI Recent advances in platinum monolayer electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction: Scale-up synthesis, structure and activity of Pt shells on Pd cores SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Oxygen reduction; Platinum; Electrocatalysis; Fuel cells ID METAL NANOPARTICLES; ELECTRODE; DEPOSITION; CATALYSTS AB We have established a scale-up synthesis method to produce gram-quantities of Pt monolayer electrocatalysts. The core-shell structure of the Pt/Pd/C electrocatalyst has been verified using the HAADF-STEM Z-contrast images, STEM/EELS, and STEM/EDS line profile analysis. The atomic structure of this electrocatalyst and formation of a Pt monolayer on Pd nanoparticle surfaces were examined using in situ EXAFS. The Pt mass activity of the Pt/Pd/C electrocatalyst for ORR is considerably higher than that of commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts. The results with Pt monolayer electrocatalysts may significantly impact science of electrocatalysis and fuel-cell technology, as they have demonstrated an exceptionally effective way of using Pt that can resolve problems of other approaches, including electrocatalysts' inadequate activity and high Pt content. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sasaki, K.; Wang, J. X.; Adzic, R. R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Naohara, H.] Toyota Motor Co Ltd, Susono 4101193, Japan. [Marinkovic, N.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [More, K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Inada, H.] Hitachi High Technol Amer, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA. RP Sasaki, K (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ksasaki@bnl.gov; adzic@bnl.gov RI Wang, Jia/B-6346-2011; Marinkovic, Nebojsa/A-1137-2016; More, Karren/A-8097-2016 OI Marinkovic, Nebojsa/0000-0003-3579-3453; More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Divisions of Chemical and Material Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Toyota Motor Corporation [BNL-C-05-09] FX This work is supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Divisions of Chemical and Material Sciences under the Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886, and Toyota Motor Corporation under the CRADA No. BNL-C-05-09. The authors thank A.I. Frenkel for helpful discussion of the EXAFS analysis. NR 18 TC 145 Z9 146 U1 17 U2 157 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 55 IS 8 BP 2645 EP 2652 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.11.106 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 574JQ UT WOS:000275985700009 ER PT J AU Mei, A Wang, XL Lan, JL Feng, YC Geng, HX Lin, YH Nan, CW AF Mei, Ao Wang, Xiao-Liang Lan, Jin-Le Feng, Yu-Chuan Geng, Hong-Xia Lin, Yuan-Hua Nan, Ce-Wen TI Role of amorphous boundary layer in enhancing ionic conductivity of lithium-lanthanum-titanate electrolyte SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Solid state electrolyte; Lithium lanthanum titanate; Lithium ionic battery; Composites; Amorphous layer ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BATTERY; MICROSCOPY; CONDUCTORS; OXIDES; PHASE AB The low ionic conductivity is a bottleneck of the inorganic solid state electrolyte used for lithium ion battery. In ceramic electrolytes, grain boundary usually dominates the total conductivity. In order to improve the grain boundary effect, an amorphous silica layer is introduced into grain boundary of ceramic electrolytes based on lithium-lanthanum-titanate, as evidenced by electron microscopy. The results showed that the total ionic conductivity could be to be enhanced over 1 x 10(-4) S/cm at room temperature. The reasons can be attributed to removing the anisotropy of outer-shell of grains, supplement of lithium ions in various sites in grain boundary and close bindings among grains by the amorphous boundary layer among grains. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mei, Ao; Lan, Jin-Le; Feng, Yu-Chuan; Geng, Hong-Xia; Lin, Yuan-Hua; Nan, Ce-Wen] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Mei, Ao; Lan, Jin-Le; Feng, Yu-Chuan; Geng, Hong-Xia; Lin, Yuan-Hua; Nan, Ce-Wen] Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab New Ceram & Fine Proc, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wang, Xiao-Liang] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Nan, CW (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM cwnan@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Lan, Jin-Le/M-9053-2014 OI Lan, Jin-Le/0000-0001-6844-0879 NR 34 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 9 U2 58 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 55 IS 8 BP 2958 EP 2963 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.01.036 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 574JQ UT WOS:000275985700051 ER PT J AU Griffiths, SK Nilson, RH AF Griffiths, Stewart K. Nilson, Robert H. TI Optimization of charged species separation by autogenous electric field-flow fractionation in nano-scale channels SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE Electric; Field-flow; Fractionation; Nano-scale; Optimization ID ELECTROKINETIC TRANSPORT; ZETA-POTENTIALS; RECTANGULAR CHANNELS; FLUIDIC CHANNELS; PRESSURE-DRIVEN; NANOCHANNELS; DISPERSION; SOLUTE; CAPILLARY; ELECTROMIGRATION AB Numerical methods are employed to examine the resolution and optimization of a relatively new technique for charged species separation that is based on flow along nanoscale channels having an electric double-layer thickness comparable to the channel size. In such channels, the electric field inherent to the double-layer produces transverse species distributions that depend on the species charge Flow along the channel thus yields mean axial species speeds that also depend on the species charge, enabling species separation and identification. Building on earlier work describing retention and plate heights, here we characterize this new type of field-flow fractionation via the classic metric of resolution Sample results are presented and discussed for a wide range of conditions for both pressure-driven and electroosmotic flows Optimum design and operating conditions are also examined We find that resolution is maximized for optimum values of the zeta potential and Debye layer thickness and that these optima depend strongly on the species charge or range of charges of interest. Under optimum conditions, acceptable resolution can be obtained over a wide range of species charges for pressure-driven flows This separable range of charges is much smaller for electroosmotic flows Finally, sample calculations are presented showing that all species in the range of charge between -8 to 10 can be separated simultaneously with resolutions above unity, and this is possible in less than 6 s under optimum conditions that are readily achievable. C1 [Griffiths, Stewart K.; Nilson, Robert H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Griffiths, SK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU Sandia Engineering Sciences LDRD; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was funded in part by a Sandia Engineering Sciences LDRD. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD MAR PY 2010 VL 31 IS 5 SI SI BP 832 EP 842 DI 10.1002/elps.200900542 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 570RT UT WOS:000275696400007 PM 20191545 ER PT J AU Levinson, R Akbari, H AF Levinson, Ronnen Akbari, Hashem TI Potential benefits of cool roofs on commercial buildings: conserving energy, saving money, and reducing emission of greenhouse gases and air pollutants SO ENERGY EFFICIENCY LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; Building energy simulation; Carbon dioxide; Cool roof; Cooling energy; Energy cost; Greenhouse gas; Heating energy; Mercury; Nitrogen oxides; Solar reflectance; Sulfur dioxide AB Cool roofs-roofs that stay cool in the sun by minimizing solar absorption and maximizing thermal emission-lessen the flow of heat from the roof into the building, reducing the need for space cooling energy in conditioned buildings. Cool roofs may also increase the need for heating energy in cold climates. For a commercial building, the decrease in annual cooling load is typically much greater than the increase in annual heating load. This study combines building energy simulations, local energy prices, local electricity emission factors, and local estimates of building density to characterize local, state average, and national average cooling energy savings, heating energy penalties, energy cost savings, and emission reductions per unit conditioned roof area. The annual heating and cooling energy uses of four commercial building prototypes-new office (1980+), old office (pre-1980), new retail (1980+), and old retail (pre-1980)-were simulated in 236 US cities. Substituting a weathered cool white roof (solar reflectance 0.55) for a weathered conventional gray roof (solar reflectance 0.20) yielded annually a cooling energy saving per unit conditioned roof area ranging from 3.30 kWh/m(2) in Alaska to 7.69 kWh/m(2) in Arizona (5.02 kWh/m(2) nationwide); a heating energy penalty ranging from 0.003 therm/m(2) in Hawaii to 0.14 therm/m(2) in Wyoming (0.065 therm/m(2) nationwide); and an energy cost saving ranging from $0.126/m(2) in West Virginia to $1.14/m(2) in Arizona ($0.356/m(2) nationwide). It also offered annually a CO(2) reduction ranging from 1.07 kg/m(2) in Alaska to 4.97 kg/m(2) in Hawaii (3.02 kg/m(2) nationwide); an NO(x) reduction ranging from 1.70 g/m(2) in New York to 11.7 g/m(2) in Hawaii (4.81 g/m(2) nationwide); an SO(2) reduction ranging from 1.79 g/m(2) in California to 26.1 g/m(2) in Alabama (12.4 g/m(2) nationwide); and an Hg reduction ranging from 1.08 mu g/m(2) in Alaska to 105 mu g/m(2) in Alabama (61.2 mu g/m(2) nationwide). Retrofitting 80% of the 2.58 billion square meters of commercial building conditioned roof area in the USA would yield an annual cooling energy saving of 10.4 TWh; an annual heating energy penalty of 133 million therms; and an annual energy cost saving of $735 million. It would also offer an annual CO(2) reduction of 6.23 Mt, offsetting the annual CO(2) emissions of 1.20 million typical cars or 25.4 typical peak power plants; an annual NO(x) reduction of 9.93 kt, offsetting the annual NO(x) emissions of 0.57 million cars or 65.7 peak power plants; an annual SO(2) reduction of 25.6 kt, offsetting the annual SO(2) emissions of 815 peak power plants; and an annual Hg reduction of 126 kg. C1 [Levinson, Ronnen; Akbari, Hashem] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Levinson, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90R2000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM RML27@cornell.edu FU Sika Sarnafil corporation; Assistant Secretary for Renewable Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This study was funded by the Sika Sarnafil corporation. The writing of this document was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Renewable Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We would like to thank Kevin Foley, Stanley Graveline, and Brian Whelan of Sika Sarnafil for their comments. We would also like to thank Art Diem of the US EPA for assistance with eGRID electricity emission factors, and Miguel Echavarri of Intelimap, Inc. for supplying eGRID mapping data. NR 28 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-646X J9 ENERG EFFIC JI Energy Effic. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 3 IS 1 BP 53 EP 109 DI 10.1007/s12053-008-9038-2 PG 57 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 796QD UT WOS:000293065800004 ER PT J AU Chakravarthy, VK Daw, CS Pihl, JA Conklin, JC AF Chakravarthy, V. Kalyana Daw, C. Stuart Pihl, Josh A. Conklin, James C. TI Study of the Theoretical Potential of Thermochemical Exhaust Heat Recuperation for Internal Combustion Engines SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID GAS-TURBINE; POWER-PLANT; PERFORMANCE; DESTRUCTION; EXERGY AB A detailed thermodynamic analysis of thermochemical recuperation (TCR) applied to an idealized internal combustion engine with single-stage work extraction is presented. Results for several different fuels are included. For a stoichiometric mixture of methanol and air, TCR can increase the estimated ideal engine second law efficiency by about 3% for constant pressure reforming and over 5% for constant volume reforming. For ethanol and isooctane, the estimated second law efficiency increases for constant volume reforming are 9 and 1 1%, respectively. The second law efficiency improvements from TCR result primarily from the higher intrinsic exergy of the reformed fuel and pressure boost associated with the gas mole increase. Reduced combustion irreversibility may also yield benefits for future implementations of combined cycle work extraction. C1 [Chakravarthy, V. Kalyana; Daw, C. Stuart; Pihl, Josh A.; Conklin, James C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Pihl, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM pihlja@ornl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Gurpreet Singh of the Office of Vehicle Technologies, DOE FX This research was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC. The authors specifically thank Gurpreet Singh of the Office of Vehicle Technologies, DOE, for sponsoring this work. The authors also thank Dr. K. Dean Edwards of Oak Ridge National Laboratory for enlightening discussions and insights. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR PY 2010 VL 24 BP 1529 EP 1537 DI 10.1021/ef901113b PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 581YY UT WOS:000276563100008 ER PT J AU Cheng, AS Fisher, BT Martin, GC Mueller, CJ AF Cheng, A. S. (Ed) Fisher, Brian T. Martin, Glen C. Mueller, Charles J. TI Effects of Fuel Volatility on Early Direct-Injection, Low-Temperature Combustion in an Optical Diesel Engine SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article AB The effect of fuel volatility on early direct-injection, low-temperature combustion (LTC) was investigated using an optically accessible diesel engine. Five blends of conventional no. 2 diesel fuel and a high-volatility (HV) fuel mixture of n-heptane and toluene having approximately the same ignition quality were tested over a range of injection timings at steady-state speed-load operating conditions. Diagnostics included conventional heat-release analysis, the measurement of spatially integrated broadband light emitted during the combustion process (natural luminosity), and high-speed, in-cylinder imaging of both natural luminosity and laser light elastically scattered from liquid-phase fuel in the charge gas. Engine-out emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO(x)), smoke, unburned hydrocarbons (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO) also were monitored. Results show that, as the injection timing is advanced during LTC operation, liquid-fuel films on in-cylinder surfaces are likely to form because of low in-cylinder gas and surface temperatures, particularly for the lower-volatility fuels. Such liquid-fuel films can lead to pool fires and higher smoke, HC, and CO emissions, as well as lower fuel-conversion efficiencies. Increasing H V fuel content was found to be an effective means of reducing or eliminating liquid-fuel films and pool fires, as well as their undesirable effects on efficiency and emissions. Small increases in the H V content produced large changes under conditions where pool-fire activity was significant. For the LTC conditions studied, an H V content of 78% eliminated pool fires and reduced smoke emissions to near-zero levels. C1 [Cheng, A. S. (Ed)] San Francisco State Univ, Sch Engn, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Fisher, Brian T.; Martin, Glen C.; Mueller, Charles J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cheng, AS (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Sch Engn, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. EM ascheng@sfsu.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies. The authors thank program manager Kevin Stork for supporting this study. The research was conducted at the Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corp., a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 16 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR PY 2010 VL 24 BP 1538 EP 1551 DI 10.1021/ef9011142 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 581YY UT WOS:000276563100009 ER PT J AU Kauffman, DR Tang, YF Kichambare, PD Jackovitz, JF Star, A AF Kauffman, Douglas R. Tang, Yifan Kichambare, Padmakar D. Jackovitz, John F. Star, Alexander TI Long-Term Performance of Pt-Decorated Carbon Nanotube Cathodes in Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID INTERFACIAL CHARACTERISTICS; CATALYSTS; METHANOL; NANOPARTICLES; PLATINUM; ELECTROOXIDATION; NANOSTRUCTURES; DEPOSITION; REDUCTION; MEMBRANES AB We report the electrochemical properties and performance of Pt-decorated carbon nanotube (Pt-CNT) catalysts for long-term operation in phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs). Electrochemical measurements of Pt-CNT catalysts including cyclic voltammetry, rotating ring disk electrode voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were conducted to evaluate the catalyzed oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Furthermore, we tested the long-term performance of the Pt-CNT catalysts in 2 '' x 2 '' PAFC cathodes operating at 190 C in 85% H(3)PO(4) for extended periods (up to 240 days). Lifetime studies show that electrodes containing the Pt-CNT catalysts were approximately 20 times more stable than conventional Pt-C catalyst materials, even with a substantially thinner catalyst layer. This finding of the enhanced Pt-CNT catalyst stability bodes well for possible personal electronics or automotive applications, where catalyst longevity is an essential requirement. C1 [Kauffman, Douglas R.; Tang, Yifan; Kichambare, Padmakar D.; Jackovitz, John F.; Star, Alexander] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Kauffman, Douglas R.; Tang, Yifan; Star, Alexander] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15263 USA. RP Star, A (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM astar@pitt.edu RI Tang, Yifan/F-4275-2012; Star, Alexander/C-3399-2013; OI Kauffman, Douglas/0000-0002-7855-3428 FU Pennsylvania NanoMaterials Commercialization Center through Department of Community and Economic Development (DCED) FX D.R.K. acknowledges a graduate student fellowship through Bayer MaterialScience. This work was supported by the Pennsylvania NanoMaterials Commercialization Center through funding provided by the Department of Community and Economic Development (DCED). We also thank the technical staff of Hydrogen, LLC for performing the fuel cell lifetime measurements and the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Pittsburgh for access to the SEM, TEM, and XRD instrumentation. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR PY 2010 VL 24 BP 1877 EP 1881 DI 10.1021/ef100013v PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 581YY UT WOS:000276563100051 ER PT J AU Spangler, LH Dobeck, LM Repasky, KS Nehrir, AR Humphries, SD Barr, JL Keith, CJ Shaw, JA Rouse, JH Cunningham, AB Benson, SM Oldenburg, CM Lewicki, JL Wells, AW Diehl, JR Strazisar, BR Fessenden, JE Rahn, TA Amonette, JE Barr, JL Pickles, WL Jacobson, JD Silver, EA Male, EJ Rauch, HW Gullickson, KS Trautz, R Kharaka, Y Birkholzer, J Wielopolski, L AF Spangler, Lee H. Dobeck, Laura M. Repasky, Kevin S. Nehrir, Amin R. Humphries, Seth D. Barr, Jamie L. Keith, Charlie J. Shaw, Joseph A. Rouse, Joshua H. Cunningham, Alfred B. Benson, Sally M. Oldenburg, Curtis M. Lewicki, Jennifer L. Wells, Arthur W. Diehl, J. Rodney Strazisar, Brian R. Fessenden, Julianna E. Rahn, Thom A. Amonette, James E. Barr, Jon L. Pickles, William L. Jacobson, James D. Silver, Eli A. Male, Erin J. Rauch, Henry W. Gullickson, Kadie S. Trautz, Robert Kharaka, Yousif Birkholzer, Jens Wielopolski, Lucien TI A shallow subsurface controlled release facility in Bozeman, Montana, USA, for testing near surface CO2 detection techniques and transport models SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Geological carbon sequestration; Controlled release of carbon dioxide; Transport models; Near surface monitoring; Eddy covariance; Hyperspectral imaging ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; VADOSE ZONE; SOIL; ATMOSPHERE; CALIFORNIA; EXCHANGE AB A controlled field pilot has been developed in Bozeman, Montana, USA, to study near surface CO2 transport and detection technologies. A slotted horizontal well divided into six zones was installed in the shallow subsurface. The scale and CO2 release rates were chosen to be relevant to developing monitoring strategies for geological carbon storage. The field site was characterized before injection, and CO2 transport and concentrations in saturated soil and the vadose zone were modeled. Controlled releases of CO2 from the horizontal well were performed in the summers of 2007 and 2008, and collaborators from six national labs, three universities, and the U. S. Geological Survey investigated movement of CO2 through the soil, water, plants, and air with a wide range of near surface detection techniques. An overview of these results will be presented. C1 [Spangler, Lee H.; Dobeck, Laura M.; Gullickson, Kadie S.] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Repasky, Kevin S.; Nehrir, Amin R.; Humphries, Seth D.; Barr, Jamie L.; Keith, Charlie J.; Shaw, Joseph A.; Rouse, Joshua H.] Montana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Cunningham, Alfred B.] Montana State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Benson, Sally M.] Stanford Univ, Global Climate & Energy Project, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Oldenburg, Curtis M.; Lewicki, Jennifer L.; Birkholzer, Jens] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wells, Arthur W.; Diehl, J. Rodney; Strazisar, Brian R.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Div Environm Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Fessenden, Julianna E.; Rahn, Thom A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Amonette, James E.; Barr, Jon L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Pickles, William L.; Jacobson, James D.; Silver, Eli A.; Male, Erin J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Rauch, Henry W.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Trautz, Robert] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Kharaka, Yousif] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wielopolski, Lucien] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Spangler, LH (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM spangler@montana.edu RI Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011; Rahn, Thom/C-5211-2012; Oldenburg, Curtis/L-6219-2013; OI Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912; Oldenburg, Curtis/0000-0002-0132-6016; Rahn, Thomas/0000-0001-8634-1348 FU Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, Office of Sequestration, Hydrogen, and Clean Coal Fuels, and National Energy Technology Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC26-04NT42262] FX We would like to thank Ray Solbau, Paul Cook and Alex Morales (LBNL) for the design and valuable technical support of the flow control system and Liz Burton and Frank Gouveia (LLNL) for assistance with soil CO2 concentration instrumentation. This work was carried out within the ZERT project, funded by the Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, Office of Sequestration, Hydrogen, and Clean Coal Fuels, and National Energy Technology Laboratory. This paper was prepared with the support of the U.S. Department of Energy, under Award No. DE-FC26-04NT42262. However, any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the DOE. NR 28 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 60 IS 2 BP 227 EP 239 DI 10.1007/s12665-009-0400-2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 582YI UT WOS:000276637000002 ER PT J AU Oldenburg, CM Lewicki, JL Pan, LH Dobeck, L Spangler, L AF Oldenburg, Curtis M. Lewicki, Jennifer L. Pan, Lehua Dobeck, Laura Spangler, Lee TI Origin of the patchy emission pattern at the ZERT CO2 release test SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Geologic carbon sequestration; CO2 surface leakage; Gas transport in the vadose zone; Shallow-release experiment; Leakage detection ID GEOLOGIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION; VERIFICATION; SEEPAGE; LEAKAGE; SITES AB A numerical experiment was carried out to test whether the patchy CO2 emission patterns observed at the Zero Emissions Research and Technology release facility are caused by the presence of packers that divide the horizontal injection well into six CO2-injection zones. A three-dimensional model of the horizontal well and cobble-soil system was developed and simulations using TOUGH2/EOS7CA were carried out. Simulation results show patchy emissions for the seven-packer (six-injection-zone) configuration of the field test. Numerical experiments were then conducted for the cases of 24 packers (23 injection zones) and an effectively infinite number of packers. The time to surface breakthrough and the number of patches increased as the number of packers increased suggesting that packers and associated along-pipe flow are the origin of the patchy emissions. In addition, it was observed that early breakthrough occurs at locations where the horizontal well pipe is shallow and installed mostly in soil rather than the deeper cobble. In the cases where the pipe is installed at shallow depths and directly in the soil, higher pipe gas saturations occur than where the pipe is installed slightly deeper in the cobble. It is believed this is an effect mostly relevant to the model rather than the field system and arises through the influence of capillarity, permeability, and pipe elevation of the soil compared to the cobble adjacent to the pipe. C1 [Oldenburg, Curtis M.; Lewicki, Jennifer L.; Pan, Lehua] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Earth Sci Div 90 1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dobeck, Laura; Spangler, Lee] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Oldenburg, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Earth Sci Div 90 1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM CMOldenburg@lbl.gov RI Oldenburg, Curtis/L-6219-2013; Pan, Lehua/G-2439-2015; OI Oldenburg, Curtis/0000-0002-0132-6016; Spangler, Lee/0000-0002-3870-6696 FU Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, Office of Sequestration, Hydrogen, and Clean Coal Fuels, through the National Energy Technology Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank the entire ZERT team for an exciting and supportive research environment. James Amonette (PNNL) pointed out to the first author the correlation of emission patches with packer locations with a figure similar to Fig. 1. Stefan Finsterle and Christine Doughty (LBNL) provided helpful internal review comments. This work was carried out in the ZERT project funded by the Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, Office of Sequestration, Hydrogen, and Clean Coal Fuels, through the National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 60 IS 2 BP 241 EP 250 DI 10.1007/s12665-009-0442-5 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 582YI UT WOS:000276637000003 ER PT J AU Male, EJ Pickles, WL Silver, EA Hoffmann, GD Lewicki, J Apple, M Repasky, K Burton, EA AF Male, Erin Jing Pickles, William L. Silver, Eli A. Hoffmann, Gary D. Lewicki, Jennifer Apple, Martha Repasky, Kevin Burton, Elizabeth A. TI Using hyperspectral plant signatures for CO2 leak detection during the 2008 ZERT CO2 sequestration field experiment in Bozeman, Montana SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Geologic carbon sequestration; Hyperspectral plant signatures; Reflectance spectra; CO2 leak detection; Surface monitoring of carbon sequestration ID CHLOROPHYLL CONCENTRATION; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; NATURAL-GAS; STRESS; RESPONSES; WATER AB Hyperspectral plant signatures can be used as a short-term, as well as long-term (100-year timescale) monitoring technique to verify that CO2 sequestration fields have not been compromised. An influx of CO2 gas into the soil can stress vegetation, which causes changes in the visible to near-infrared reflectance spectral signature of the vegetation. For 29 days, beginning on July 9, 2008, pure carbon dioxide gas was released through a 100-m long horizontal injection well, at a flow rate of 300 kg day(-1). Spectral signatures were recorded almost daily from an unmown patch of plants over the injection with a "FieldSpec Pro'' spectrometer by Analytical Spectral Devices, Inc. Measurements were taken both inside and outside of the CO2 leak zone to normalize observations for other environmental factors affecting the plants. Four to five days after the injection began, stress was observed in the spectral signatures of plants within 1 m of the well. After approximately 10 days, moderate to high amounts of stress were measured out to 2.5 m from the well. This spatial distribution corresponded to areas of high CO2 flux from the injection. Airborne hyperspectral imagery, acquired by Resonon, Inc. of Bozeman, MT using their hyperspectral camera, also showed the same pattern of plant stress. Spectral signatures of the plants were also compared to the CO2 concentrations in the soil, which indicated that the lower limit of soil CO2 needed to stress vegetation is between 4 and 8% by volume. C1 [Male, Erin Jing; Pickles, William L.; Silver, Eli A.; Hoffmann, Gary D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Lewicki, Jennifer] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Apple, Martha] Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Butte, MT 59701 USA. [Repasky, Kevin] Montana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Burton, Elizabeth A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Male, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM emale@ucsc.edu FU Montana Board of Research and Commercialization Technology [08-44]; NASA [NNX06AD11G]; US Department of Energy EPSCoR [DE-FG02-08ER46527] FX We thank Laura Dobeck and Kadie Gullickson of Montana State University for their help with the experiment layout. We also thank Lee Spangler of Montana State University and Rand Swanson of Resonon, Inc., in Bozeman, Montana. We acknowledge the Montana Board of Research and Commercialization Technology (Grant No. 08-44) and NASA (Grant No. NNX06AD11G) for funding of the airborne hyperspectral imagery. Martha Apple acknowledges support by the US Department of Energy EPSCoR program under (Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46527) for plant response research. NR 21 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 60 IS 2 BP 251 EP 261 DI 10.1007/s12665-009-0372-2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 582YI UT WOS:000276637000004 ER PT J AU Amonette, JE Barr, JL Dobeck, LM Gullickson, K Walsh, SJ AF Amonette, James E. Barr, Jonathan L. Dobeck, Laura M. Gullickson, Kadie Walsh, Stephen J. TI Spatiotemporal changes in CO2 emissions during the second ZERT injection, August-September 2008 SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Geologic carbon sequestration; Soil gas flux; Continuous monitoring; Multi-channel auto-dilution system; Zero Emissions Research and Technology Program; ZERT; Carbon dioxide; CO2 ID FLUX CHAMBER; SEQUESTRATION AB This study reports the first field test of a multi-channel, auto-dilution, steady-state, soil-CO2 flux monitoring system being developed to help understand the pathways by which fugitive CO2 from a geologic sequestration site migrates to the surface. The test was conducted from late August through mid-October 2008 at the Zero Emissions Research and Technology project site located in Bozeman, MT. Twenty steady-state and five non-steady-state flux chambers were installed in a 10 9 15 m area, one boundary of which was directly above a shallow (2-m depth) horizontal injection well located 0.5 m below the water table. A total flux of 52 kg CO2 day(-1) was injected into the well for 13 days and the efflux from the soil was monitored by the chambers before, during, and for 33 days after the injection. The results showed a rapid increase in soil efflux once injection started, with maximal values reached within 3-7 days in most chambers. Efflux returned to background levels within a similar time period after injection ceased. A radial efflux pattern was observed to at least 2 m from the injection well, and evidence for movement of the CO2 plume during the injection, presumably due to groundwater flow, was seen. The steady-state chambers yielded very stable data, but threefold to fivefold higher fluxes than the non-steady-state chambers. The higher fluxes were attributed to vacuum induced in the steady-state chambers by narrow vent tubes. High winds resulted in significant decreases in measured soil CO2 efflux, presumably by enhancing efflux from soil outside the chambers. C1 [Amonette, James E.; Barr, Jonathan L.; Walsh, Stephen J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Dobeck, Laura M.; Gullickson, Kadie] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Amonette, JE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM jim.amonette@pnl.gov OI Walsh, Stephen/0000-0002-0505-648X NR 11 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 60 IS 2 BP 263 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s12665-009-0402-0 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 582YI UT WOS:000276637000005 ER PT J AU Kharaka, YK Thordsen, JJ Kakouros, E Ambats, G Herkelrath, WN Beers, SR Birkholzer, JT Apps, JA Spycher, NF Zheng, LE Trautz, RC Rauch, HW Gullickson, KS AF Kharaka, Yousif K. Thordsen, James J. Kakouros, Evangelos Ambats, Gil Herkelrath, William N. Beers, Sarah R. Birkholzer, Jens T. Apps, John A. Spycher, Nicholas F. Zheng, Liange Trautz, Robert C. Rauch, Henry W. Gullickson, Kadie S. TI Changes in the chemistry of shallow groundwater related to the 2008 injection of CO2 at the ZERT field site, Bozeman, Montana SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Geological carbon sequestration; Groundwater monitoring; Groundwater chemistry; Trace metals; Dissolved organics ID WATER-ROCK INTERACTIONS; DEEP SALINE AQUIFERS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEQUESTRATION; STORAGE; USA; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT AB Approximately 300 kg/day of food-grade CO2 was injected through a perforated pipe placed horizontally 2-2.3 m deep during July 9-August 7, 2008 at the MSU-ZERT field test to evaluate atmospheric and near-surface monitoring and detection techniques applicable to the subsurface storage and potential leakage of CO2. As part of this multidisciplinary research project, 80 samples of water were collected from 10 shallow monitoring wells (1.5 or 3.0 m deep) installed 1-6 m from the injection pipe, at the southwestern end of the slotted section (zone VI), and from two distant monitoring wells. The samples were collected before, during, and following CO2 injection. The main objective of study was to investigate changes in the concentrations of major, minor, and trace inorganic and organic compounds during and following CO2 injection. The ultimate goals were (1) to better understand the potential of groundwater quality impacts related to CO2 leakage from deep storage operations, (2) to develop geochemical tools that could provide early detection of CO2 intrusion into underground sources of drinking water (USDW), and (3) to test the predictive capabilities of geochemical codes against field data. Field determinations showed rapid and systematic changes in pH (7.0-5.6), alkalinity (400-1,330 mg/l as HCO3), and electrical conductance (600-1,800 mu S/cm) following CO2 injection in samples collected from the 1.5 m-deep wells. Laboratory results show major increases in the concentrations of Ca (90-240 mg/l), Mg (25-70 mg/l), Fe (5-1,200 ppb), and Mn (5-1,400 ppb) following CO2 injection. These chemical changes could provide early detection of CO2 leakage into shallow groundwater from deep storage operations. Dissolution of observed carbonate minerals and desorptionion exchange resulting from lowered pH values following CO2 injection are the likely geochemical processes responsible for the observed increases in the concentrations of solutes; concentrations generally decreased temporarily following four significant precipitation events. The DOC values obtained are 5 +/- 2 mg/l, and the variations do not correlate with CO2 injection. CO2 injection, however, is responsible for detection of BTEX (e.g. benzene, 00.8 ppb), mobilization of metals, the lowered pH values, and increases in the concentrations of other solutes in groundwater. The trace metal and BTEX concentrations are all significantly below the maximum contaminant levels (MCLs). Sequential leaching of core samples is being carried out to investigate the source of metals and other solutes. C1 [Kharaka, Yousif K.; Thordsen, James J.; Kakouros, Evangelos; Ambats, Gil; Herkelrath, William N.; Beers, Sarah R.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Birkholzer, Jens T.; Apps, John A.; Spycher, Nicholas F.; Zheng, Liange] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Trautz, Robert C.] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Rauch, Henry W.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Gullickson, Kadie S.] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Kharaka, YK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ykharaka@usgs.gov RI Spycher, Nicolas/E-6899-2010; Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011; Zheng, Liange/E-9521-2010; zheng, liange/B-9748-2011 OI Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912; zheng, liange/0000-0002-9376-2535 FU Electric Power Research Institute, EPRI; EPA; DOE; LBNL; USGS FX This research was conducted within the ZERT project directed by Lee Spangler and managed by Laura Dobeck, MSU, Bozeman, MT. http://www.montana.edu/zert. We thank the entire ZERT team and participating organizations for creating a supportive and exciting research environment. This research was funded primarily by the Electric Power Research Institute, EPRI, but funds were also obtained from EPA, DOE, LBNL, and USGS. NR 33 TC 135 Z9 141 U1 4 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 60 IS 2 BP 273 EP 284 DI 10.1007/s12665-009-0401-1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 582YI UT WOS:000276637000006 ER PT J AU Lewicki, JL Hilley, GE Dobeck, L Spangler, L AF Lewicki, Jennifer L. Hilley, George E. Dobeck, Laura Spangler, Lee TI Dynamics of CO2 fluxes and concentrations during a shallow subsurface CO2 release SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Soil CO2 flux; CO2 concentration; Leakage; Geological carbon sequestration monitoring ID SOIL; TRANSPORT; ATMOSPHERE; EXCHANGE; GASES; MEDIA AB A field facility located in Bozeman, Montana provides the opportunity to test methods to detect, locate, and quantify potential CO2 leakage from geologic storage sites. From 9 July to 7 August 2008, 0.3 t CO2 day(-1) were injected from a 100-m long, similar to 2.5-m deep horizontal well. Repeated measurements of soil CO2 fluxes on a grid characterized the spatio-temporal evolution of the surface leakage signal and quantified the surface leakage rate. Infrared CO2 concentration sensors installed in the soil at 30 cm depth at 0-10 m from the well and at 4 cm above the ground at 0 and 5 m from the well recorded surface breakthrough of CO2 leakage and migration of CO2 leakage through the soil. Temporal variations in CO2 concentrations were correlated with atmospheric and soil temperature, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, rainfall, and CO2 injection rate. C1 [Lewicki, Jennifer L.] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hilley, George E.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Dobeck, Laura; Spangler, Lee] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Lewicki, JL (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jllewicki@lbl.gov OI Spangler, Lee/0000-0002-3870-6696 FU ZERT; Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, Office of Sequestration, Hydrogen, and Clean Coal Fuels, NETL, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank K. Gullickson for helpful assistance in the field. This work was funded by the ZERT Project, Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, Office of Sequestration, Hydrogen, and Clean Coal Fuels, NETL, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 19 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 60 IS 2 BP 285 EP 297 DI 10.1007/s12665-009-0396-7 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 582YI UT WOS:000276637000007 ER PT J AU Wells, A Strazisar, B Diehl, JR Veloski, G AF Wells, Arthur Strazisar, Brian Diehl, J. Rodney Veloski, Garret TI Atmospheric tracer monitoring and surface plume development at the ZERT pilot test in Bozeman, Montana, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Carbon sequestration; Carbon capture and storage; Monitoring; Tracer gases; Perfluorocarbons; Carbon dioxide; Global climate change AB A controlled release of CO(2) was conducted at a field site in Bozeman, Montana, USA in July of 2008 in a multi-laboratory study of near surface transport and detection technologies. The development of a subsurface CO(2) plume near the middle packer section of the horizontal release was studied using soil-gas and surface flux measurements of CO(2). A perfluorocarbon tracer was added to the CO(2) released from this section of the horizontal well, and the development of atmospheric plumes of the tracer was studied under various meteorological conditions using horizontal and vertical grids of monitors containing sorbent material to collect the tracer. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using remote sensing for the ultra low level detection of atmospheric plumes of tracers as means to monitor the near surface leakage of sequestered CO(2). C1 [Wells, Arthur; Strazisar, Brian; Diehl, J. Rodney; Veloski, Garret] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Strazisar, B (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM brian.strazisar@netl.doe.gov NR 3 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 60 IS 2 BP 299 EP 305 DI 10.1007/s12665-009-0371-3 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 582YI UT WOS:000276637000008 ER PT J AU Wielopolski, L Mitra, S AF Wielopolski, Lucian Mitra, Sudeep TI Near-surface soil carbon detection for monitoring CO2 seepage from a geological reservoir SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE INS System; Carbon detection; Geological sequestration; Belowground ID MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; DIOXIDE; EMISSIONS AB The promise of the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) Inelastic Neutron Scattering (INS) System was evaluated for use as a long-term, in-field monitor to detect cumulative changes in belowground carbon resulting from the leakage of CO2 stored in deep geological reservoirs. This system underwent tests at a facility constructed specifically for testing, under controlled conditions, various detection systems for monitoring near-surface transport and accumulations of CO2 fluxes emanating from a shallow buried, slotted horizontal well. The INS System was assessed by comparing the results from placing it above the horizontal well at a spot with a known high CO2 leak identified and quantified the previous years, with those obtained from background readings adjacent to the well. At two different "Hot Spots'', a suppression of about 14% in 2008 and about 7% in 2009 in carbon content above the well in comparison to the background signal was observed. An overview of these results is presented. C1 [Wielopolski, Lucian; Mitra, Sudeep] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wielopolski, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Bldg 490D, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM lwielo@bnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; DOE office of NETL FX The assistance of Lee Spangler and Laura Dobeck from Montana State University in carrying out the experiments is greatly appreciated. We would like to thank Jenifer Lewicki from LBNL for providing flux maps in Figs. 3 and 4. The partial support by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886 is recognized. The direct financial support to this project by the DOE office of NETL is greatly appreciated. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 60 IS 2 BP 307 EP 312 DI 10.1007/s12665-009-0397-6 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 582YI UT WOS:000276637000009 ER PT J AU Rouse, JH Shaw, JA Lawrence, RL Lewicki, JL Dobeck, LM Repasky, KS Spangler, LH AF Rouse, Joshua H. Shaw, Joseph A. Lawrence, Rick L. Lewicki, Jennifer L. Dobeck, Laura M. Repasky, Kevin S. Spangler, Lee H. TI Multi-spectral imaging of vegetation for detecting CO2 leaking from underground SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Multispectral imaging; Plant stress; Vegetation; Carbon sequestration; CO2 monitoring ID DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION LIDAR; MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SOIL CARBON; PLANT; REFLECTANCE; RESPONSES; STRESS AB Practical geologic CO2 sequestration will require long-term monitoring for detection of possible leakage back into the atmosphere. One potential monitoring method is multi-spectral imaging of vegetation reflectance to detect leakage through CO2-induced plant stress. A multi-spectral imaging system was used to simultaneously record green, red, and near-infrared (NIR) images with a real-time reflectance calibration from a 3-m tall platform, viewing vegetation near shallow subsurface CO2 releases during summers 2007 and 2008 at the Zero Emissions Research and Technology field site in Bozeman, Montana. Regression analysis of the band reflectances and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index with time shows significant correlation with distance from the CO2 well, indicating the viability of this method to monitor for CO2 leakage. The 2007 data show rapid plant vigor degradation at high CO2 levels next to the well and slight nourishment at lower, but above-background CO2 concentrations. Results from the second year also show that the stress response of vegetation is strongly linked to the CO2 sink-source relationship and vegetation density. The data also show short-term effects of rain and hail. The real-time calibrated imaging system successfully obtained data in an autonomous mode during all sky and daytime illumination conditions. C1 [Rouse, Joshua H.; Shaw, Joseph A.; Repasky, Kevin S.] Montana State Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Lawrence, Rick L.] Montana State Univ, Land Resources & Environm Sci Dept, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Lewicki, Jennifer L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dobeck, Laura M.; Spangler, Lee H.] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Shaw, JA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM jshaw@ece.montana.edu OI Spangler, Lee/0000-0002-3870-6696 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC26-04NT42262] FX This paper was prepared with the support of the U.S. Department of Energy, under Award No. DE-FC26-04NT42262. However, any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the DOE. The authors express gratitude to the many colleagues who made working at the ZERT site productive and enjoyable. NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 60 IS 2 BP 313 EP 323 DI 10.1007/s12665-010-0483-9 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 582YI UT WOS:000276637000010 ER PT J AU Fessenden, JE Clegg, SM Rahn, TA Humphries, SD Baldridge, WS AF Fessenden, J. E. Clegg, S. M. Rahn, T. A. Humphries, S. D. Baldridge, W. S. TI Novel MVA tools to track CO2 seepage, tested at the ZERT controlled release site in Bozeman, MT SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Geologic carbon sequestration; Carbon capture and storage; Monitoring verification and accounting; Carbon stable isotopes; Leak detection ID FREQUENCY-MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPORAL VARIATION; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; CARBON; SOIL; LASER; RESPIRATION; ECOSYSTEM; ANALYZER; FLUX AB Over the past 4 years, controlled field experiments have taken place in Bozeman, MT, USA where pure CO2 has been released at known rates and depths to quantify the detection limits of various monitoring tools and techniques for the use of CO2 seepage detection. As part of this study, new tools engineered at Los Alamos National Laboratory were deployed to determine the sensitivity of these technologies to detect and measure CO2 seepage. These technologies were engineered for above-ground CO2 detection and include laser-based closed path delta(CO2)-C-13 measurement systems, an O-2/CO2 concentration ratio measurement system, and a chamber-based radon detection system. The sensitivity of these technologies to detect CO2 were measured through spatial transects taken perpendicular to the CO2 source and through temporal changes measured diurnally over the course of a 30 day experiment. Results show that the radon system is most sensitive to CO2 detection at the start of the experiment in locations adjacent to the CO2 source. The closed path or in situ delta(CO2)-C-13 system detected CO2 seepage as far as 2 m away from the source during non-windy periods. The O-2/CO2 system detected the CO2 seepage as far as 2 m above-ground and 1 m away from the source. Descriptions of these technologies and an overview of these results are presented. C1 [Fessenden, J. E.; Rahn, T. A.; Baldridge, W. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Clegg, S. M.; Humphries, S. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fessenden, JE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM julianna@lanl.gov RI Rahn, Thom/C-5211-2012; OI Rahn, Thomas/0000-0001-8634-1348; Clegg, Sam/0000-0002-0338-0948 FU MVA [04FE18-09]; ZERT; Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, Office of Sequestration, Hydrogen, and Clean Coal Fuels, NETL, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank L. Dobeck for assistance in the field and for all logistical help. We thank L. Spangler for expert leadership of the project and for allowing us to participate in the experiment. This work was funded by the MVA Project (04FE18-09) and the ZERT Project, Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, Office of Sequestration, Hydrogen, and Clean Coal Fuels, NETL, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 60 IS 2 BP 325 EP 334 DI 10.1007/s12665-010-0489-3 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 582YI UT WOS:000276637000011 ER PT J AU Pan, LH Lewicki, JL Oldenburg, CM Fischer, ML AF Pan, Lehua Lewicki, Jennifer L. Oldenburg, Curtis M. Fischer, Marc L. TI Time-window-based filtering method for near-surface detection of leakage from geologic carbon sequestration sites SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Geologic carbon sequestration; Monitoring; eddy covariance; CO(2) flux; Leakage detection; Signal filtering AB We use process-based modeling techniques to characterize the temporal features of natural biologically controlled surface CO(2) fluxes and the relationships between the assimilation and respiration fluxes. Based on these analyses, we develop a signal-enhancing technique that combines a novel time-window splitting scheme, a simple median filtering, and an appropriate scaling method to detect potential signals of leakage of CO(2) from geologic carbon sequestration sites from within datasets of net near-surface CO(2) flux measurements. The technique can be directly applied to measured data and does not require subjective gap filling or data-smoothing preprocessing. Preliminary application of the new method to flux measurements from a CO(2) shallow-release experiment appears promising for detecting a leakage signal relative to background variability. The leakage index of +/- 2 was found to span the range of biological variability for various ecosystems as determined by observing CO(2) flux data at various control sites for a number of years. C1 [Pan, Lehua; Lewicki, Jennifer L.; Oldenburg, Curtis M.; Fischer, Marc L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pan, LH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Mail Stop 90-1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lpan@lbl.gov RI Oldenburg, Curtis/L-6219-2013; Pan, Lehua/G-2439-2015 OI Oldenburg, Curtis/0000-0002-0132-6016; FU Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, Office of Sequestration, Hydrogen, and Clean Coal Fuels, NETL, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was funded by the Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, Office of Sequestration, Hydrogen, and Clean Coal Fuels, NETL, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. We thank the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Climate Research Facility for use of the ARM-SGP flux data and thanks also to Dr. Roser Matamala and Dr. Steven Wofsy as well as their coworkers for the use of data from their sites. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 60 IS 2 BP 359 EP 369 DI 10.1007/s12665-009-0436-3 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 582YI UT WOS:000276637000014 ER PT J AU Hill, WR Ryon, MG Smith, JG Adams, SM Boston, HL Stewart, AJ AF Hill, Walter R. Ryon, Michael G. Smith, John G. Adams, S. Marshall Boston, Harry L. Stewart, Arthur J. TI The Role of Periphyton in Mediating the Effects of Pollution in a Stream Ecosystem SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Periphyton; Eutrophication; Nutrients; Biomonitoring; Metals; Stream fish ID DIATOM COMMUNITIES; TROPHIC STATE; FRESH-WATER; ALGAE; PHOSPHORUS; BIOACCUMULATION; EUTROPHICATION; PHYTOPLANKTON; LIMITATION; MESOCOSMS AB The effects of pollutants on primary producers ramify through ecosystems because primary producers provide food and structure for higher trophic levels and they mediate the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and contaminants. Periphyton (attached algae) were studied as part of a long-term biological monitoring program designed to guide remediation efforts by the Department of Energy's Y-12 National Security Complex on East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. High concentrations of nutrients entering EFPC were responsible for elevated periphyton production and placed the stream in a state of eutrophy. High rates of primary production at upstream locations in EFPC were associated with alterations in both invertebrate and fish communities. Grazers represented > 50% of the biomass of invertebrates and fish near the Y-12 Complex but < 10% at downstream and reference sites. An index of epilithic periphyton production accounted for 95% of the site-to-site variation in biomass of grazing fish. Analyses of heavy metals in EFPC periphyton showed that concentrations of zinc, cadmium, copper and nickel in periphyton decreased exponentially with distance downstream from Y-12. Zinc uptake by periphyton was estimated to reduce the concentration of this metal in stream water similar to 60% over a 5-km reach of EFPC. Management options for mitigating eutrophy in EFPC include additional reductions in nutrient inputs and/or allowing streamside trees to grow and shade the stream. However, reducing periphyton growth may lead to greater downstream transport of contaminants while simultaneously causing higher concentrations of mercury and PCBs in fish at upstream sites. C1 [Hill, Walter R.] Univ Illinois, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Hill, Walter R.; Ryon, Michael G.; Smith, John G.; Adams, S. Marshall; Boston, Harry L.; Stewart, Arthur J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hill, WR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, 1816 S Oak St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM wrhill@illlinois.edu OI stewart, arthur/0000-0003-1968-5997 FU Environmental Compliance Department of the Y-12 National Security Complex [BWXT Y-12]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22800, DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was funded by the Environmental Compliance Department of the Y-12 National Security Complex, which is managed by BWXT Y-12, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22800. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by the University of Tennessee-Battelle LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. We thank Roger Petrie of the Tennessee Department of Environmental Conservation for EFPC nutrient data. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 45 IS 3 BP 563 EP 576 DI 10.1007/s00267-010-9425-2 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 571XN UT WOS:000275789700013 PM 20108138 ER PT J AU Goldstein, SJ Abdel-Fattah, AI Murrell, MT Dobson, PF Norman, DE Amato, RS Nunn, AJ AF Goldstein, Steven J. Abdel-Fattah, Amr I. Murrell, Michael T. Dobson, Patrick F. Norman, Deborah E. Amato, Ronald S. Nunn, Andrew J. TI Uranium-Series Constraints on Radionuclide Transport and Groundwater Flow at the Nopal I Uranium Deposit, Sierra Pena Blanca, Mexico SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPENT NUCLEAR-FUEL; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; NEVADA; MIGRATION; CHIHUAHUA; PLUTONIUM; RADIUM; WATER; TH AB Uranium-series data for groundwater samples from the Nopal I uranium ore deposit were obtained to place constraints on radionuclide transport and hydrologic processes for a nuclear waste repository located in fractured, unsaturated volcanic tuff. Decreasing uranium concentrations for wells drilled in 2003 are consistent with a simple physical mixing model that indicates that groundwater velocities are low (similar to 10 m/y). Uranium isotopic constraints, well productivities, and radon systematics also suggest limited groundwater mixing and slow flow in the saturated zone. Uranium isotopic systematics for seepage water collected in the mine adit show a spatial dependence which is consistent with longer water-rock interaction times and higher uranium dissolution inputs at the front adit where the deposit is located. Uranium-series disequilibria measurements for mostly unsaturated zone samples indicate that (230)Th/(238)U activity ratios range from 0.005 to 0.48 and (226)Ra/(238)U activity ratios range from 0.006 to 113. (239)Pu/(238)U mass ratios for the saturated zone are <2 x 10(-14), and Pu mobility in the saturated zone is > 1000 times lower than the U mobility. Saturated zone mobility decreases in the order (238)U approximate to(226)Ra > (230)Th approximate to (239)Pu. Radium and thorium appear to have higher mobility in the unsaturated zone based on U-series data from fractures and seepage water near the deposit. C1 [Goldstein, Steven J.; Murrell, Michael T.; Norman, Deborah E.; Amato, Ronald S.; Nunn, Andrew J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl & Radiochem Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Abdel-Fattah, Amr I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div EES 14, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dobson, Patrick F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Goldstein, SJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl & Radiochem Grp, POB 1663,MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sgoldstein@lanl.gov RI Dobson, Patrick/D-8771-2015 OI Dobson, Patrick/0000-0001-5031-8592 FU U.S. DOE; Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM) [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Ignacio Reyes and Rodrigo de la Garza (Universidad Autonoma de Chihuahua), Alfredo Rodriguez (WWF), Paul Cook and Teamrat Ghezzehei (LBNL), and Paul Reimus, John Dinsmoor, and Ron Oliver (LANL) for valuable discussions and assistance in the field, We also thank Ardyth Simmons and Schon Levy (LANL) for project guidance. Finally, we thank the anonymous ES&T reviewers for helpful comments. This work was supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM), under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the United States Department of Energy or OCRWM. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1579 EP 1586 DI 10.1021/es902689e PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 559QT UT WOS:000274842000013 PM 20136119 ER PT J AU O'Loughlin, EJ Kelly, SD Kemner, KM AF O'Loughlin, Edward J. Kelly, Shelly D. Kemner, Kenneth M. TI XAFS Investigation of the Interactions of U-VI with Secondary Mineralization Products from the Bioreduction of Fe-III Oxides SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; GREEN RUST; BIOGENIC MAGNETITE; SELENITE REDUCTION; SURFACE; U(VI); URANIUM(VI); TRANSFORMATION; MINERALS; URANYL AB Biogenic Fe-II phases (magnetite, green rust siderite, vivianite, etc.) provide a reservoir of reducing capacity in many subsurface environments that may contribute to the reduction of contaminants such as U-VI. We have examined the uptake and reduction of U-VI in the presence of biogenic green rust(BioGR), magnetite (BioMAG), and siderite (BioSID) formed during the reduction of Fe-III oxides by Shewanella putrefaciens CN32. Within 48 h, total solution-phase U-VI concentrations decreased from 500 mu M to 1.5 mu M, 392 mu M, and 472 mu M in the U-BioGR, U-BioMAG, and U-BioSID systems, respectively. Analysis of the samples by U L-III extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) indicated that despite a stoichiometric excess of Fe-II, no more than 6% of U-VI was reduced to U-IV in the U-BioSID system, and no more than 22% of U-VI was reduced in the U-BioMAG system. For comparison, in the U-BioGR system, >99% of U-VI was reduced to U-IV. Uptake of U-VI by BioGR and BioMAG was accompanied by formation of nanoparticulate uraninite. The U EXAFS data for the U-BioSID system were consistent with partial U-VI/U-IV substitution for Fe-II in the surface layer of siderite particles and adsorption of U-IV. C1 [O'Loughlin, Edward J.; Kelly, Shelly D.; Kemner, Kenneth M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kelly, Shelly D.] EXAFS Anal, Bolingbrook, IL 60440 USA. RP O'Loughlin, EJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Bldg 203,Room E-137,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM oloughlin@anl.gov RI O'Loughlin, Edward/C-9565-2013; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 OI O'Loughlin, Edward/0000-0003-1607-9529; FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Science Program [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank Maxim Boyanov and Bruce Ravel for their assistance in collecting the XAFS data, Russell Cook for his assistance with SEM imaging, and Karen Haugen and three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful reviews of the manuscript. Funding was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Science Program, under contract DE-AC02-06CHI1357. MRCAT operations are supported by DOE and the MRCAT member institutions. Use of the APS and the Electron Microscopy Center for Materials Research at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 28 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 7 U2 52 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1656 EP 1661 DI 10.1021/es9027953 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 559QT UT WOS:000274842000024 PM 20146462 ER PT J AU Torkzaban, S Kim, HN Simunek, J Bradford, SA AF Torkzaban, Saeed Kim, Hyunjung N. Simunek, Jiri Bradford, Scott A. TI Hysteresis of Colloid Retention and Release in Saturated Porous Media During Transients in Solution Chemistry SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ENERGY MINIMUM; MICROMETER-SCALE PARTICLES; IONIC-STRENGTH; CHEMICAL CONDITIONS; PATCHY SURFACES; TRANSPORT; DEPOSITION; ADHESION; WATER; FLOW AB Saturated packed column and micromodel transport studies were conducted to gain insight on mechanisms of colloid retention and release under unfavorable attachment conditions. The initial deposition of colloids in porous media was found to be a strongly coupled process that depended on solution chemistry and pore space geometry. During steady state chemical conditions, colloid deposition was not a readily reversible process, and micromodel photos indicated that colloids were immobilized in the presence of fluid drag. Upon stepwise reduction in eluting solution ionic strength (IS), a sharp release of colloids occurred in each step which indicates that colloid retention depends on a balance of applied (hydrodynamic) and resisting (adhesive) torques which varied with pore space geometry, surface roughness, and interaction energy. When the eluting fluid IS was reduced to deionized water, the final retention locations occurred near grain-grain contacts, and colloid aggregation was sometimes observed in micromodel experiments. Significant amounts of colloid retention hysteresis with IS were observed in the column experiments, and it depended on the porous medium (glass beads compared with sand), the colloid size (1.1 and 0.5 mu m), and on the initial deposition IS. These observations were attributed to weak adhesive interactions that depended on the double layer thickness (e.g., the depth of the secondary minimum and/or nanoscale heterogeneity), colloid mass transfer on the solid phase to regions where the torque and force balances were favorable for retention, the number and extent of grain-grain contacts, and surface roughness. C1 [Bradford, Scott A.] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA USA. [Torkzaban, Saeed] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kim, Hyunjung N.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Simunek, Jiri] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA USA. EM Scott.Bradford@ars.usda.gov RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; Kim, Hyunjung/F-1505-2013; Torkzaban, Saeed/G-7377-2013 OI Kim, Hyunjung/0000-0003-2115-6891; Torkzaban, Saeed/0000-0002-5146-9461 FU USDA-ARS; NRI [NRI 2006-02541] FX This research was supported by the 206 Manure and Byproduct Utilization Project of the USDA-ARS, and by a grant from NRI (NRI 2006-02541). Mention of trade names and company names in this manuscript does not imply any endorsement or preferential treatment by the USDA. NR 41 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1662 EP 1669 DI 10.1021/es903277p PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 559QT UT WOS:000274842000025 PM 20136144 ER PT J AU Nakayama, T Kaneshita, E AF Nakayama, T. Kaneshita, E. TI Interacting dipoles in type-I clathrates: Why glass-like though crystalline? (vol 84, 66001, 2008) SO EPL LA English DT Correction C1 [Nakayama, T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kaneshita, E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nakayama, T (reprint author), Toyota Phys & Chem Res Inst Nagakute, Aichi 4801192, Japan. EM Riken-nakayama@mosk.tytlabs.co.jp NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD MAR PY 2010 VL 89 IS 6 AR 69901 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/89/69901 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 615EB UT WOS:000279115100034 ER PT J AU Wilson, DP Tkachenko, AV Meiners, JC AF Wilson, D. P. Tkachenko, A. V. Meiners, J. -C. TI A generalized theory of DNA looping and cyclization SO EPL LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; WORMLIKE CHAINS; FLEXIBILITY; SEQUENCE; ELASTICITY; COMPLEXES; FRAGMENTS; FLUCTUATIONS; REPRESSOR; CLOSURE AB We have developed a generalized semi-analytic approach for efficiently computing cyclization and looping J factors of DNA under arbitrary binding constraints. Many biological systems involving DNA-protein interactions impose precise boundary conditions on DNA, which necessitates a treatment beyond the Shimada-Yamakawa model for ring cyclization. Our model allows for DNA to be treated as a heteropolymer with sequence-dependent intrinsic curvature and stiffness, yet faithfully reproduces the results of Shimada and Yamakawa for the ring and unconstrained loop. In this framework, we independently compute enthlapic and entropic contributions to the J factor and show that even at small length scales (similar to l(p)) entropic effects are significant. We propose a simple analytic formula to describe our numerical results for near planar loops of homogenous DNA, which can be used to predict experimental cyclization and loop formation probabilities as a function of loop size and binding geometry. We also introduce an effective torsional persistence length that describes the coupling between twist and bending of DNA when looped. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2010 C1 [Wilson, D. P.; Meiners, J. -C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Tkachenko, A. V.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Meiners, J. -C.] Univ Michigan, LSA Biophys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Wilson, DP (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM davewilson13@gmail.com RI Tkachenko, Alexei/I-9040-2012 OI Tkachenko, Alexei/0000-0003-1291-243X FU National Institutes of Health [GM 65934] FX The authors would like to thank N. Perkins, S. Goyal, T. Lillian, G. Blab, K. Raghunathan, P. Koehn, Y.-F. Chen and M. Wilson for their many helpful conversations. This work was partially funded through grant GM 65934 from the National Institutes of Health. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD MAR PY 2010 VL 89 IS 5 AR 58005 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/89/58005 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 575WT UT WOS:000276101500032 ER PT J AU Ilieva, Y Berman, BL Kudryavtsev, AE Strakovsky, II Tarasov, VE Amarian, M Ambrozewicz, P Anghinolfi, M Asryan, G Avakian, H Bagdasaryan, H Baillie, N Ball, JP Baltzell, NA Batourine, V Battaglieri, M Bedlinskiy, I Bellis, M Benmouna, N Biselli, AS Bouchigny, S Boiarinov, S Bradford, R Branford, D Briscoe, WJ Brooks, WK Bultmann, S Burkert, VD Butuceanu, C Calarco, JR Careccia, SL Carman, DS Chen, S Cole, PL Collins, P Coltharp, P Crabb, D Crede, V De Masi, R De Sanctis, E De Vita, R Degtyarenko, PV Deur, A Dickson, R Djalali, C Dodge, GE Donnelly, J Doughty, D Dugger, M Dzyubak, OP Egiyan, H Egiyan, KS Elouadrhiri, L Eugenio, P Fedotov, G Feldman, G Funsten, H Garcon, M Gavalian, G Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Girod, FX Goetz, JT Gonenc, A Gothe, RW Griffioen, KA Guidal, M Guler, N Guo, L Gyurjyan, V Hafidi, K Hakobyan, RS Hersman, FW Hicks, K Hleiqawi, I Holtrop, M Hyde-Wright, CE Ireland, DG Ishkhanov, BS Isupov, EL Ito, MM Jenkins, D Jo, HS Joo, K Juengst, HG Kalantarians, N Kellie, JD Khandaker, M Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Kossov, M Krahn, Z Kramer, LH Kubarovsky, V Kuhn, J Kuhn, SE Kuleshov, SV Lachniet, J Laget, JM Langheinrich, J Lawrence, D Livingston, K Lu, H MacCormick, M Markov, N McKinnon, B Mecking, BA Mestayer, MD Meyer, CA Mibe, T Mikhailov, K Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Mokeev, V Moriya, K Morrow, SA Moteabbed, M Munevar, E Mutchler, GS Nadel-Turonski, P Nasseripour, R Niccolai, S Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Niczyporuk, BB Niroula, MR Niyazov, RA Nozar, M Osipenko, M Ostrovidov, AI Park, K Pasyuk, E Paterson, C Pierce, J Pivnyuk, N Pogorelko, O Pozdniakov, S Price, JW Prok, Y Protopopescu, D Raue, BA Ricco, G Ripani, M Ritchie, BG Ronchetti, F Rosner, G Rossi, P Sabatie, F Salgado, C Santoro, JP Sapunenko, V Schumacher, RA Serov, VS Sharabian, YG Shvedunov, NV Smith, ES Smith, LC Sober, DI Stavinsky, A Stepanyan, SS Stepanyan, S Stokes, BE Stoler, P Strauch, S Taiuti, M Tedeschi, DJ Thoma, U Tkabladze, A Tkachenko, S Tur, C Ungaro, M Vineyard, MF Vlassov, AV Watts, DP Weinstein, LB Weygand, DP Williams, M Wolin, E Wood, MH Yegneswaran, A Zana, L Zhang, J Zhao, B Zhao, Z AF Ilieva, Y. Berman, B. L. Kudryavtsev, A. E. Strakovsky, I. I. Tarasov, V. E. Amarian, M. Ambrozewicz, P. Anghinolfi, M. Asryan, G. Avakian, H. Bagdasaryan, H. Baillie, N. Ball, J. P. Baltzell, N. A. Batourine, V. Battaglieri, M. Bedlinskiy, I. Bellis, M. Benmouna, N. Biselli, A. S. Bouchigny, S. Boiarinov, S. Bradford, R. Branford, D. Briscoe, W. J. Brooks, W. K. Bueltmann, S. Burkert, V. D. Butuceanu, C. Calarco, J. R. Careccia, S. L. Carman, D. S. Chen, S. Cole, P. L. Collins, P. Coltharp, P. Crabb, D. Crede, V. De Masi, R. De Sanctis, E. De Vita, R. Degtyarenko, P. V. Deur, A. Dickson, R. Djalali, C. Dodge, G. E. Donnelly, J. Doughty, D. Dugger, M. Dzyubak, O. P. Egiyan, H. Egiyan, K. S. Elouadrhiri, L. Eugenio, P. Fedotov, G. Feldman, G. Funsten, H. Garcon, M. Gavalian, G. Gilfoyle, G. P. Giovanetti, K. L. Girod, F. X. Goetz, J. T. Gonenc, A. Gothe, R. W. Griffioen, K. A. Guidal, M. Guler, N. Guo, L. Gyurjyan, V. Hafidi, K. Hakobyan, R. S. Hersman, F. W. Hicks, K. Hleiqawi, I. Holtrop, M. Hyde-Wright, C. E. Ireland, D. G. Ishkhanov, B. S. Isupov, E. L. Ito, M. M. Jenkins, D. Jo, H. S. Joo, K. Juengst, H. G. Kalantarians, N. Kellie, J. D. Khandaker, M. Kim, W. Klein, A. Klein, F. J. Kossov, M. Krahn, Z. Kramer, L. H. Kubarovsky, V. Kuhn, J. Kuhn, S. E. Kuleshov, S. V. Lachniet, J. Laget, J. M. Langheinrich, J. Lawrence, D. Livingston, K. Lu, H. MacCormick, M. Markov, N. McKinnon, B. Mecking, B. A. Mestayer, M. D. Meyer, C. A. Mibe, T. Mikhailov, K. Mirazita, M. Miskimen, R. Mokeev, V. Moriya, K. Morrow, S. A. Moteabbed, M. Munevar, E. Mutchler, G. S. Nadel-Turonski, P. Nasseripour, R. Niccolai, S. Niculescu, G. Niculescu, I. Niczyporuk, B. B. Niroula, M. R. Niyazov, R. A. Nozar, M. Osipenko, M. Ostrovidov, A. I. Park, K. Pasyuk, E. Paterson, C. Pierce, J. Pivnyuk, N. Pogorelko, O. Pozdniakov, S. Price, J. W. Prok, Y. Protopopescu, D. Raue, B. A. Ricco, G. Ripani, M. Ritchie, B. G. Ronchetti, F. Rosner, G. Rossi, P. Sabatie, F. Salgado, C. Santoro, J. P. Sapunenko, V. Schumacher, R. A. Serov, V. S. Sharabian, Y. G. Shvedunov, N. V. Smith, E. S. Smith, L. C. Sober, D. I. Stavinsky, A. Stepanyan, S. S. Stepanyan, S. Stokes, B. E. Stoler, P. Strauch, S. Taiuti, M. Tedeschi, D. J. Thoma, U. Tkabladze, A. Tkachenko, S. Tur, C. Ungaro, M. Vineyard, M. F. Vlassov, A. V. Watts, D. P. Weinstein, L. B. Weygand, D. P. Williams, M. Wolin, E. Wood, M. H. Yegneswaran, A. Zana, L. Zhang, J. Zhao, B. Zhao, Z. CA CLAS Collaboration TI Evidence for a backward peak in the gamma d -> pi(0)d cross section near the eta threshold SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID COHERENT PION-PHOTOPRODUCTION; D ELASTIC-SCATTERING; DIBARYON RESONANCES; NEAR-THRESHOLD; MESIC NUCLEUS; BOUND-STATES; DEUTERON; MESON; SIGNATURE; REGION AB High-quality cross sections for the reaction gamma d -> pi(0)d have been measured using the CLAS at Jefferson Lab over a wide energy range near and above the eta-meson photoproduction threshold. At backward c.m. angles for the outgoing pions, we observe a resonance-like structure near E-gamma = 700 MeV. Our model analysis shows that it can be explained by eta excitation in the intermediate state. The effect is the result of the contribution of the N(1535) S-11-resonance to the amplitudes of the subprocesses occurring between the two nucleons and of a two-step process in which the excitation of an intermediate eta-meson dominates. C1 [Ilieva, Y.; Berman, B. L.; Kudryavtsev, A. E.; Strakovsky, I. I.; Benmouna, N.; Briscoe, W. J.; Feldman, G.; Munevar, E.; Nadel-Turonski, P.; Tkabladze, A.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Kudryavtsev, A. E.; Tarasov, V. E.; Bedlinskiy, I.; Kossov, M.; Kuleshov, S. V.; Mikhailov, K.; Pivnyuk, N.; Pogorelko, O.; Pozdniakov, S.; Serov, V. S.; Stavinsky, A.; Vlassov, A. V.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. [Hafidi, K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ball, J. P.; Collins, P.; Dugger, M.; Pasyuk, E.; Ritchie, B. G.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Goetz, J. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Price, J. W.] Calif State Univ Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747 USA. [Bellis, M.; Bradford, R.; Dickson, R.; Krahn, Z.; Kuhn, J.; Meyer, C. A.; Moriya, K.; Schumacher, R. A.; Williams, M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Hakobyan, R. S.; Klein, F. J.; Sober, D. I.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [De Masi, R.; Garcon, M.; Girod, F. X.; Morrow, S. A.; Sabatie, F.] CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Nucl, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Doughty, D.] Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Joo, K.; Markov, N.; Ungaro, M.; Zhao, B.] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Branford, D.; Watts, D. P.] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JK, Midlothian, Scotland. [Biselli, A. S.] Fairfield Univ, Fairfield, CT 06824 USA. [Ambrozewicz, P.; Gonenc, A.; Kramer, L. H.; Moteabbed, M.; Raue, B. A.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Chen, S.; Coltharp, P.; Crede, V.; Eugenio, P.; Ostrovidov, A. I.; Stokes, B. E.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Donnelly, J.; Ireland, D. G.; Kellie, J. D.; Livingston, K.; McKinnon, B.; Paterson, C.; Protopopescu, D.; Rosner, G.] Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Cole, P. L.] Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [De Sanctis, E.; Mirazita, M.; Ronchetti, F.; Rossi, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Anghinolfi, M.; Battaglieri, M.; De Vita, R.; Osipenko, M.; Ricco, G.; Ripani, M.; Stoler, P.; Taiuti, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Bouchigny, S.; Guidal, M.; Jo, H. S.; MacCormick, M.; Morrow, S. A.; Niccolai, S.] Inst Phys Nucl ORSAY, Orsay, France. [Giovanetti, K. L.; Niculescu, G.; Niculescu, I.] James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Batourine, V.; Kim, W.; Park, K.; Stepanyan, S. S.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Lawrence, D.; Miskimen, R.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Fedotov, G.; Ishkhanov, B. S.; Isupov, E. L.; Mokeev, V.; Osipenko, M.; Shvedunov, N. V.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Gen Nucl Phys Inst, Moscow 119899, Russia. [Calarco, J. R.; Hersman, F. W.; Holtrop, M.; Zana, L.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Khandaker, M.; Salgado, C.] Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. [Hicks, K.; Hleiqawi, I.; Mibe, T.] Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Amarian, M.; Bagdasaryan, H.; Bueltmann, S.; Careccia, S. L.; Dodge, G. E.; Gavalian, G.; Guler, N.; Hyde-Wright, C. E.; Juengst, H. G.; Kalantarians, N.; Klein, A.; Kuhn, S. E.; Lachniet, J.; Niroula, M. R.; Tkachenko, S.; Weinstein, L. B.; Zhang, J.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Kubarovsky, V.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Mutchler, G. S.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Gilfoyle, G. P.] Univ Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. [Baltzell, N. A.; Djalali, C.; Dzyubak, O. P.; Gothe, R. W.; Langheinrich, J.; Lu, H.; Nasseripour, R.; Strauch, S.; Tedeschi, D. J.; Tur, C.; Wood, M. H.; Zhao, Z.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Avakian, H.; Boiarinov, S.; Brooks, W. K.; Burkert, V. D.; Carman, D. S.; Degtyarenko, P. V.; Deur, A.; Doughty, D.; Egiyan, H.; Elouadrhiri, L.; Guo, L.; Gyurjyan, V.; Ito, M. M.; Kramer, L. H.; Laget, J. M.; Mecking, B. A.; Mestayer, M. D.; Niczyporuk, B. B.; Niyazov, R. A.; Nozar, M.; Raue, B. A.; Santoro, J. P.; Sapunenko, V.; Sharabian, Y. G.; Smith, E. S.; Stepanyan, S.; Thoma, U.; Weygand, D. P.; Wolin, E.; Yegneswaran, A.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Vineyard, M. F.] Union Coll, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. [Jenkins, D.; Santoro, J. P.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Crabb, D.; Pierce, J.; Prok, Y.; Smith, L. C.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. [Baillie, N.; Butuceanu, C.; Funsten, H.; Griffioen, K. A.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Asryan, G.; Egiyan, K. S.] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP Ilieva, Y (reprint author), USC, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM ilieva@sc.edu RI Osipenko, Mikhail/N-8292-2015; Zhang, Jixie/A-1461-2016; Ireland, David/E-8618-2010; Lu, Haiyun/B-4083-2012; Protopopescu, Dan/D-5645-2012; Zana, Lorenzo/H-3032-2012; Isupov, Evgeny/J-2976-2012; Ishkhanov, Boris/E-1431-2012; Zhao, Bo/J-6819-2012; Brooks, William/C-8636-2013; Kuleshov, Sergey/D-9940-2013; Schumacher, Reinhard/K-6455-2013; Meyer, Curtis/L-3488-2014; Sabatie, Franck/K-9066-2015 OI Osipenko, Mikhail/0000-0001-9618-3013; Ireland, David/0000-0001-7713-7011; Zhao, Bo/0000-0003-3171-5335; Brooks, William/0000-0001-6161-3570; Kuleshov, Sergey/0000-0002-3065-326X; Schumacher, Reinhard/0000-0002-3860-1827; Meyer, Curtis/0000-0001-7599-3973; Sabatie, Franck/0000-0001-7031-3975 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-95ER40901, DE-FG02-99ER41110, DE-AC05-84ER40150]; Russian Ministry of Industry, Science, and Technology [NSh 5603.2006.2]; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC); National Research Foundation of Korea FX We thank Y. Sumi for providing us with the numerical values of the cross sections of ref. [36]. We would like to acknowledge the efforts of the staff of the Accelerator and the Physics Divisions at Jefferson Lab that made this experiment possible. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under grant DE-FG02-95ER40901, in part under grant DE-FG02-99ER41110, by the grant of the Russian Ministry of Industry, Science, and Technology NSh 5603.2006.2, by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), and by the National Research Foundation of Korea. The Southeastern Universities Research Association (SURA) operated the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-84ER40150 until May 31, 2006. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD MAR PY 2010 VL 43 IS 3 BP 261 EP 267 DI 10.1140/epja/i2010-10918-x PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 563VA UT WOS:000275161800002 ER PT J AU Hirshler, Y Polat, U Biegon, A AF Hirshler, Yafit (Kuttner) Polat, Uri Biegon, Anat TI Intracranial electrode implantation produces regional neuroinflammation and memory deficits in rats SO EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Deep brain stimulation; Brain injury; Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptor; Translocator protein; Autoradiography; Novel Object Recognition ID DEEP-BRAIN-STIMULATION; PERIPHERAL BENZODIAZEPINE-RECEPTORS; SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS STIMULATION; SILICON MICROELECTRODE ARRAYS; CHRONIC BILATERAL STIMULATION; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; STN-DBS; MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS AB Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). The procedure entails intracranial implantation of an electrode in a specific brain structure followed by chronic stimulation. Although the beneficial effects of DBS on motor symptoms in PD are well known. it is often accompanied by cognitive impairments, the origin of which is not fully understood. To explore the possible contribution of the surgical procedure itself, we studied the effect of electrode implantation in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) on regional neuroinflammation and memory function in rats implanted bilaterally with stainless steel electrodes. Age-matched sham and intact rats were used as controls. Brains were removed I or 8 weeks post-implantation and processed for in vitro autoradiography with [(3)H]PK11195, an established marker of microglial activation. Memory function was assessed by the novel object recognition test (ORT) before surgery and 2 and 8 weeks after surgery. Electrode implantation produced region-dependent changes in ligand binding density in the implanted brains at I as well as 8 weeks post-implantation. Cortical regions showed more intense and widespread neuroinflammation than striatal or thalamic structures. Furthermore, implanted animals showed deficits in ORT performance 2 and 8 weeks post-implantation. Thus, electrode implantation resulted in a widespread and persistent neuroinflammation and sustained memory impairment. These results suggest that the insertion and continued presence of electrodes in the brain, even without stimulation, may lead to inflammation-mediated cognitive deficits in susceptible individuals, as observed in patients treated with DBS. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Biegon, Anat] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Hirshler, Yafit (Kuttner); Biegon, Anat] Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Joseph Sagol Neurosci Ctr, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. [Hirshler, Yafit (Kuttner)] Bar Ilan Univ, Leslie & Susan Gonda Goldschmied Multidisciplinar, Ramat Gan, Israel. [Polat, Uri] Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Goldschleger Eye Res Inst, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. [Polat, Uri] Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Med, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Biegon, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 490, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM Biegon@bnl.gov FU NIH [R01 NS050285] FX We would like to thank Dr. Spiegelman from the Department of Neurosurgery in Sheba Medical Center for helpful discussions. Supported in part by NIH R01 NS050285 to Anat Biegon. NR 84 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4886 J9 EXP NEUROL JI Exp. Neurol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 222 IS 1 BP 42 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.12.006 PG 9 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 565PO UT WOS:000275306600007 PM 20026042 ER PT J AU Karpinets, TV Obraztsova, AY Wang, YB Schmoyer, DD Kora, GH Park, BH Serres, MH Romine, MF Land, ML Kothe, TB Fredrickson, JK Nealson, KH Uberbacher, EC AF Karpinets, Tatiana V. Obraztsova, Anna Y. Wang, Yanbing Schmoyer, Denise D. Kora, Guruprasad H. Park, Byung H. Serres, Margrethe H. Romine, Margaret F. Land, Miriam L. Kothe, Terence B. Fredrickson, Jim K. Nealson, Kenneth H. Uberbacher, Edward C. TI Conserved synteny at the protein family level reveals genes underlying Shewanella species' cold tolerance and predicts their novel phenotypes SO FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Phenotypic trait; Bacteria; Molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance; Shewanella; Protein families ID ONEIDENSIS MR-1; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; PHENYLACETIC ACID; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LOW-TEMPERATURE; GENOME; EVOLUTION; BACTERIA; SYSTEM; IDENTIFICATION AB Bacteria of the genus Shewanella can thrive in different environments and demonstrate significant variability in their metabolic and ecophysiological capabilities including cold and salt tolerance. Genomic characteristics underlying this variability across species are largely unknown. In this study, we address the problem by a comparison of the physiological, metabolic, and genomic characteristics of 19 sequenced Shewanella species. We have employed two novel approaches based on association of a phenotypic trait with the number of the trait-specific protein families (Pfam domains) and on the conservation of synteny (order in the genome) of the trait-related genes. Our first approach is top-down and involves experimental evaluation and quantification of the species' cold tolerance followed by identification of the correlated Pfam domains and genes with a conserved synteny. The second, a bottom-up approach, predicts novel phenotypes of the species by calculating profiles of each Pfam domain among their genomes and following pair-wise correlation of the profiles and their network clustering. Using the first approach, we find a link between cold and salt tolerance of the species and the presence in the genome of a Na+/H+ antiporter gene cluster. Other cold-tolerance-related genes include peptidases, chemotaxis sensory transducer proteins, a cysteine exporter, and helicases. Using the bottom-up approach, we found several novel phenotypes in the newly sequenced Shewanella species, including degradation of aromatic compounds by an aerobic hybrid pathway in Shewanella woodyi, degradation of ethanolamine by Shewanella benthica, and propanediol degradation by Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 and Shewanella sp. W3-18-1. C1 [Karpinets, Tatiana V.; Land, Miriam L.; Uberbacher, Edward C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Obraztsova, Anna Y.; Wang, Yanbing; Nealson, Kenneth H.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Schmoyer, Denise D.; Kora, Guruprasad H.; Park, Byung H.; Kothe, Terence B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Serres, Margrethe H.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Comparat Mol Biol & Evolut, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Romine, Margaret F.; Fredrickson, Jim K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Karpinets, TV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM karpinetstv@ornl.gov RI Land, Miriam/A-6200-2011; OI Land, Miriam/0000-0001-7102-0031; Romine, Margaret/0000-0002-0968-7641 FU US Department of Energy Joint Genome; GTL Program via the Shewanella Federation consortium FX We are very grateful to Arcady R. Mushegian and other reviewers of the paper for thoughtful suggestions and comments on the study. The sequence data for the Shewanella species except S. oneidensis MR-1 and S. benthica KT99 were produced by the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute http://www.jgi.doe.gov/. The sequence data for S. oneidensis MR-1 and S. benthica KT99 were produced by J. Craig Venter Institute (http://www.tigr.org/). This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research under the Genomics: GTL Program via the Shewanella Federation consortium. NR 59 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1438-793X EI 1438-7948 J9 FUNCT INTEGR GENOMIC JI Funct. Integr. Genomics PD MAR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 BP 97 EP 110 DI 10.1007/s10142-009-0142-y PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 567FP UT WOS:000275429100009 PM 19802638 ER PT J AU Scott, SL Vallee, G Naughton, T Tikotekar, A Engelmann, C Ong, H AF Scott, Stephen L. Vallee, Geoffroy Naughton, Thomas Tikotekar, Anand Engelmann, Christian Ong, Hong TI System-level virtualization research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory SO FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ESCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Systems; System architectures; Fault tolerance AB System-level virtualization is today enjoying a rebirth as a technique to effectively share what had been considered large computing resources which subsequently faded from the spotlight as individual workstations gained in popularity with a "one machine-one user" approach. One reason for this resurgence is that the simple workstation has grown in capability to rival anything similar, available in the past. Thus, computing centers are again looking at the price/performance benefit of sharing that single computing box via server consolidation. However, industry is only concentrating on the benefits of using virtualization for server consolidation (enterprise computing) whereas our interest is in leveraging virtualization to advance high-performance computing (HPC). While these two interests may appear to be orthogonal, one consolidating multiple applications and users on a single machine while the other requires all the power from many machines to be dedicated solely to its purpose, we propose that virtualization does provide attractive capabilities that may be exploited to the benefit of HPC interests. This does raise the two fundamental questions: is the concept of virtualization (a machine "sharing" technology) really suitable for HPC and if so, how does one go about leveraging these virtualization capabilities for the benefit of HPC. To address these questions, this document presents ongoing studies on the usage of system-level virtualization in a HPC context. These studies include an analysis of the benefits of system-level virtualization for HPC, a presentation of research efforts based on virtualization for system availability, and a presentation of research efforts for the management of virtual systems. The basis for this document was the material presented by Stephen L. Scott at the Collaborative and Grid Computing Technologies meeting held in Cancun, Mexico on April 12-14, 2007. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Scott, Stephen L.; Vallee, Geoffroy; Naughton, Thomas; Tikotekar, Anand; Engelmann, Christian; Ong, Hong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Scott, SL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM scottsl@ornl.gov; valleegr@ornl.gov; naughtont@ornl.gov; tikotekaraa@ornl.gov; engelmannc@ornl.gov; hongong@ornl.gov NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-739X EI 1872-7115 J9 FUTURE GENER COMP SY JI Futur. Gener. Comp. Syst. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 304 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.future.2009.07.001 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 538YD UT WOS:000273219400002 ER PT J AU Philip, VM Duvvuru, S Gomero, B Ansah, TA Blaha, CD Cook, MN Hamre, KM Lariviere, WR Matthews, DB Mittleman, G Goldowitz, D Chesler, EJ AF Philip, V. M. Duvvuru, S. Gomero, B. Ansah, T. A. Blaha, C. D. Cook, M. N. Hamre, K. M. Lariviere, W. R. Matthews, D. B. Mittleman, G. Goldowitz, D. Chesler, E. J. TI High-throughput behavioral phenotyping in the expanded panel of BXD recombinant inbred strains SO GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE gene expression; heritability; sex differences; systems genetics ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; MOUSE STRAINS; SEX-DIFFERENCES; COMPLEX TRAITS; LABORATORY ENVIRONMENT; COLLABORATIVE CROSS; THERMAL NOCICEPTION; NEUROPATHIC PAIN; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Genetic reference populations, particularly the BXD recombinant inbred (BXD RI) strains derived from C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice, are a valuable resource for the discovery of the bio-molecular substrates and genetic drivers responsible for trait variation and covariation. This approach can be profitably applied in the analysis of susceptibility and mechanisms of drug and alcohol use disorders for which many predisposing behaviors may predict the occurrence and manifestation of increased preference for these substances. Many of these traits are modeled by common mouse behavioral assays, facilitating the detection of patterns and sources of genetic coregulation of predisposing phenotypes and substance consumption. Members of the Tennessee Mouse Genome Consortium (TMGC) have obtained phenotype data from over 250 measures related to multiple behavioral assays across several batteries: response to, and withdrawal from cocaine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; "ecstasy" (MDMA), morphine and alcohol; novelty seeking; behavioral despair and related neurological phenomena; pain sensitivity; stress sensitivity; anxiety; hyperactivity and sleep/wake cycles. All traits have been measured in both sexes in approximately 70 strains of the recently expanded panel of BXD RI strains. Sex differences and heritability estimates were obtained for each trait, and a comparison of early (N = 32) and recent (N = 37) BXD RI lines was performed. Primary data are publicly available for heritability, sex difference and genetic analyses using the MouseTrack database, and are also available in GeneNetwork.org for quantitative trait locus (QTL) detection and genetic analysis of gene expression. Together with the results of related studies, these data form a public resource for integrative systems genetic analysis of neurobehavioral traits. C1 [Philip, V. M.; Duvvuru, S.; Gomero, B.; Chesler, E. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Syst Genet Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Ansah, T. A.] Meharry Med Coll, Dept Neurobiol & Neurotoxicol, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Blaha, C. D.; Cook, M. N.; Mittleman, G.] Univ Memphis, Dept Psychol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Hamre, K. M.] Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Anat, Memphis, TN USA. [Hamre, K. M.] Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Neurobiol, Memphis, TN USA. [Lariviere, W. R.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Lariviere, W. R.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Matthews, D. B.] Baylor Univ, Dept Psychol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Matthews, D. B.] Baylor Univ, Dept Neurosci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Goldowitz, D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Ctr Mol Med & Therapeut, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Chesler, EJ (reprint author), Jackson Lab, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. EM Elissa.Chesler@jax.org OI Blaha, Charles/0000-0001-5155-1505; Philip, Vivek/0000-0001-5126-707X FU NIH [DA020677, AA13509, AA13499, AA016662, DA021198]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research, US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This project is supported by NIH DA020677, AA13509, AA13499, AA016662, DA021198 and the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, US Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. We gratefully acknowledge Leslie Galloway, Jason S. Spence, Betty Lou Alspaugh and Barbara Jackson for their involvement in the development and maintenance of MouseTrack, Xiaolong Zhou for facilitating Gene Network submission and Darla Miller for technical co-ordination of the Mouse Genetics Research Facility at ORNL. We gratefully acknowledge The Jackson Laboratory and Lu Lu for facilitating this high-throughput phenotyping endeavor. NR 93 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1601-1848 J9 GENES BRAIN BEHAV JI Genes Brain Behav. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 9 IS 2 BP 129 EP 159 DI 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2009.00540.x PG 31 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 568JX UT WOS:000275519700001 PM 19958391 ER PT J AU Catalano, JG Fenter, P Park, C Zhang, Z Rosso, KM AF Catalano, Jeffrey G. Fenter, Paul Park, Changyong Zhang, Zhan Rosso, Kevin M. TI Structure and oxidation state of hematite surfaces reacted with aqueous Fe(II) at acidic and neutral pH SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; SEMICONDUCTING MINERAL SURFACES; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; INTERFACIAL ELECTRON-TRANSFER; IRON-OXIDE; FE(II)-FE(III) ELECTRON; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; PHOSPHATE REMOVAL; IRON(III) OXIDES; PYRITE OXIDATION AB Structural changes and surface oxidation state were examined following the reaction of hematite (0 0 1), (0 1 2), and (1 1 0) with aqueous Fe(II). X-ray reflectivity measurements indicated that Fe(II) induces changes in the structure of all three surfaces under both acidic (pH 3) and neutral (pH 7) conditions. The structural changes were generally independent of pH although the extent of surface transformation varied slightly between acidic and neutral conditions; no systematic trends with pH were observed. Induced changes on the (1 1 0) and (0 1 2) surfaces include the addition or removal of partial surface layers consistent with either growth or dissolution. In contrast, a <1 nm thick, discontinuous film formed on the (0 0 1) surface that appears to be epitaxial yet is not a perfect extension of the underlying hematite lattice, being either structurally defective, compositionally distinct, or nanoscale in size and highly relaxed. Resonant anomalous X-ray reflectivity measurements determined that the surface concentration of Fe(II) present after reaction at pH 7 was below the detection limit of approximately 0.5-1 mu mol/m(2) on all surfaces. These observations are consistent with Fe(II) oxidative adsorption, whereby adsorbed Fe(II) is oxidized by structural Fe(III) in the hematite lattice, with the extent of this reaction controlled by surface structure at the atomic scale. The observed surface transformations at pH 3 show that Fe(II) oxidatively adsorbs on hematite surfaces at pH values where little net adsorption occurs, based on historical macroscopic Fe(II) adsorption behavior on fine-grained hematite powders. This suggests that Fe(II) plays a catalytic role, in which an electron from an adsorbed Fe(II) migrates to and reduces a lattice Fe(III) cation elsewhere, which subsequently desorbs in a scenario with zero net reduction and zero net adsorption. Given the general pH-independence and substantial mass transfer involved, this electron and atom exchange process appears to be a significant subsystem within macroscopic pH-dependent Fe(II) adsorption. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Catalano, Jeffrey G.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Fenter, Paul; Park, Changyong] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zhang, Zhan] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rosso, Kevin M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Catalano, JG (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM catalano@wustl.edu RI Catalano, Jeffrey/A-8322-2013; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Park, Changyong/A-8544-2008; Zhang, Zhan/A-9830-2008 OI Catalano, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9311-977X; Park, Changyong/0000-0002-3363-5788; Zhang, Zhan/0000-0002-7618-6134 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0818354]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSERC; University of Washington; Simon Fraser University; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Advanced Photon Source FX Acknowledgment is made to the donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund for partial support of this research. Portions of this work were also supported by the National Science Foundation through Grant EAR-0818354 (J.G.C.) and the Geosciences Research Program of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), US Department of Energy (DOE) through contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 (P.A.F.). K.M.R. also gratefully acknowledges support from the DOE BES Geosciences Research Program. The data were collected at the X-ray Operations and Research (XOR) beamlines 20-ID-C (PNC/XOR) and 4-ID-D at the Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. PNC/XOR facilities, and research at these facilities, are supported by the US Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences, a major facilities access grant from NSERC, the University of Washington, Simon Fraser University, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and the Advanced Photon Source. Use of the Advanced Photon Source is also supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Julie Cross, Steve Heald, and Daniel Haskel are thanked for their help with beamline operations, and Vaibhav Kohli is thanked for his assistance during data collection. We thank the associate editor and three anonymous reviewers for their comments which greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 67 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 56 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 74 IS 5 BP 1498 EP 1512 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2009.12.018 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 556CU UT WOS:000274566500003 ER PT J AU Aciego, SM Jourdan, F DePaolo, DJ Kennedy, BM Renne, PR Sims, KWW AF Aciego, S. M. Jourdan, F. DePaolo, D. J. Kennedy, B. M. Renne, P. R. Sims, K. W. W. TI Combined U-Th/He and Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology of post-shield lavas from the Mauna Kea and Kohala volcanoes, Hawaii SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID POTASSIUM-ARGON AGES; EAST PACIFIC RISE; SERIES DISEQUILIBRIA; ISOTOPIC CONSTRAINTS; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; ALKALIC BASALTS; BENEATH HAWAII; ERUPTION AGES; MANTLE PLUMES; NEW-MEXICO AB Late Quaternary, post-shield lavas from the Mauna Kea and Kohala volcanoes on the Big Island of Hawaii have been dated using the Ar-40/Ar-39 and U-Th/He methods. The objective of the study is to compare the recently demonstrated U-Th/He age method, which uses basaltic olivine phenocrysts, with Ar-40/Ar-39 ages measured on groundmass from the same samples. As a corollary, the age data also increase the precision of the chronology of volcanism on the Big Island. For the U-Th/He ages, U, Th and He concentrations and isotopes were measured to account for U-series disequilibrium and initial He. Single analyses U-Th/He ages for Hamakua lavas from Mauna Kea are 87 +/- 40 to 119 +/- 23 ka (2 sigma uncertainties), which are in general equal to or younger than Ar-40/Ar-39 ages. Basalt from the Polulu sequence on Kohala gives a U-Th/He age of 354 +/- 54 ka and a Ar-40/Ar-39 age of 450 +/- 40 ka. All of the U-Th/He ages, and all but one spurious Ar-40/Ar-39 ages conform to the previously proposed stratigraphy and published C-14 and K-Ar ages. The ages also compare favorably to U-Th whole rock-olivine ages calculated from U-238-Th-230 disequilibria. The U-Th/He and Ar-40/Ar-39 results agree best where there is a relatively large amount of radiogenic Ar-40 (>10%), and where the Ar-40/Ar-36 intercept calculated from the Ar isochron diagram is close to the atmospheric value. In two cases, it is not clear why U-Th/He and Ar-40/Ar-39 ages do not agree within uncertainty. U-Th/He and Ar-40/Ar-39 results diverge the most on a low-K transitional tholeiitic basalt with abundant olivine. For the most alkalic basalts with negligible olivine phenocrysts, U-Th/He ages were unattainable while Ar-40/Ar-39 results provide good precision even on ages as low as 19 +/- 4 ka. Hence, the strengths and weaknesses of the U-Th/He and Ar-40/Ar-39 methods are complimentary for basalts with ages of order 100-500 ka. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Aciego, S. M.] ETH, Inst Isotope Geochem & Mineral Resources, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Aciego, S. M.; DePaolo, D. J.; Kennedy, B. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jourdan, F.] Curtin Univ Technol, Western Australian Argon Isotope Facil, Dept Appl Geol, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Jourdan, F.] Curtin Univ Technol, JdL Ctr, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Jourdan, F.; Renne, P. R.] Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. [Sims, K. W. W.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Sims, K. W. W.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Aciego, SM (reprint author), ETH, Inst Isotope Geochem & Mineral Resources, Clausiusstr 25,NW C83-1, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM aciego@erdw.ethz.ch FU National Science Foundation [EAR0408521]; Ann and Gordon Getty Foundation; Director, Office of Energy Research, Basic Energy Sciences Division of the Department of Energy [De-AC03-76SF00098] FX We thank the Hawaiian Homelands division of the State of Hawaii for allowing access to limited areas of the Kohala volcano. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, EAR0408521, the Ann and Gordon Getty Foundation, and by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Basic Energy Sciences Division of the Department of Energy, under Contract No. De-AC03-76SF00098. T.A. Becker is thanked for analytical assistance in the BGC Ar lab and L. Ball for assistance in the WHOI Plasma Facility. M. Kurz, M. Reid, and an anonymous reviewer are thanked for their helpful comments, which greatly improved the work. NR 63 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 74 IS 5 BP 1620 EP 1635 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2009.11.020 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 556CU UT WOS:000274566500012 ER PT J AU Mikesell, LR Weissmann, GS Karachewski, JA AF Mikesell, Leslie R. Weissmann, Gary S. Karachewski, John A. TI Stream capture and piracy recorded by provenance in fluvial fan strata SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Alluvial Fans Conference 2007 CY JUN, 2007 CL Banff, CANADA DE Stream capture and piracy; Livermore Valley; Fluvial fan; California Coast Ranges; Franciscan Assemblage; Provenance ID GREAT VALLEY SEQUENCE; FORE-ARC BASIN; SOUTHEAST SPAIN; RIVER CAPTURE; SE SPAIN; DIABLO-RANGE; DRAINAGE DEVELOPMENT; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; BETIC CORDILLERA; ALLUVIAL FANS AB Stream capture and piracy in tectonically active regions have been described in geomorphic systems worldwide; however, few studies show the influence stream capture has on the rock record. We present an analysis of fluvial fan stratigraphy that developed as a result of multiple stream capture events, building a complex stratigraphic succession beneath the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), California. The LLNL site is located in the southeast portion of the tectonically active Livermore Basin, a transpressional basin in the California Coast Ranges. Geomorphic evidence for this stream capture include: (1) the Arroyo Seco enters the basin from the south through an uplifted fault block, (2) south of this fault block lies an abandoned Arroyo Seco fluvial fan, (3) north of the fault block, in the Livermore Basin, Arroyo Seco built a 7-km(2) fluvial fan, apparently forcing the Arroyo Las Positas, a smaller stream that enters the basin from the east, northward around the Arroyo Seco fan, and (4) a knickpoint exists near the point of capture on Arroyo Seco. Stratigraphic evidence reflecting this shift in the Arroyo Seco position into the Livermore Basin was evaluated through a provenance study of 215 gravel units from 34 boreholes spaced evenly over the 2.6 km(2) LLNL site. The Arroyo Seco derives its sediment from both the Jurassic-Cretaceous Franciscan Assemblage and the Altamont Hills (which are comprised of Mesozoic Great Valley Group and Tertiary continental sediments). The Arroyo Las Positas drains only the Altamont Hills and thus lacks the Franciscan Assemblage-derived clasts. The origin of the individual gravel units was determined by the percentage of Franciscan Assemblage indicator pebbles (red chert, green chert and blueschist) in the samples. Through this analysis, we determined that high-percentage Franciscan Assemblage-derived clasts were present below a depth of approximately 35 m below the surface, low-percentage Franciscan Assemblage-derived clasts were present at depths between 35 m and 18 m, and high-percentage Franciscan Assemblage-derived clasts were present from depths of approximately 18 m to the surface of the fluvial fan. These results indicate that the Arroyo Seco flowed north and deposited sediments at the LLNL site, then was later absent from the basin at which time it formed a fan south of the fault block. During this absence of the Arroyo Seco, the Arroyo Las Positas, a westerly flowing stream, dominated the sediment supply at the LLNL site. The Arroyo Seco was then captured by a gully headward eroding through the uplifted fault block, redirecting the Arroyo Seco into the basin once again. This history of multiple stream captures created three stratigraphic units with alternating overall channel and paleoflow orientations. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mikesell, Leslie R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Weissmann, Gary S.] 1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Karachewski, John A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Weiss Associates, Environm Restorat Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Mikesell, LR (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 206 Nat Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mikese10@msu.edu; weissman@unm.edu; karachewski1@llnl.gov NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 115 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 267 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.04.025 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 569KJ UT WOS:000275595100006 ER PT J AU Newman, GA Commer, M Carazzone, JJ AF Newman, Gregory A. Commer, Michael Carazzone, James J. TI Imaging CSEM data in the presence of electrical anisotropy SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE geomagnetism; geophysical techniques; terrestrial electricity ID INVERSION; 3D; HYDROCARBONS; INDUCTION; EQUATIONS AB Formation anisotropy should be incorporated into the analysis of controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) data because failure to do so can produce serious artifacts in the resulting resistivity images for certain data configurations of interest. This finding is demonstrated in model and case studies. Sensitivity to horizontal resistivity will be strongest in the broadside electric field data where detectors are offset from the tow line. Sensitivity to vertical resistivity is strongest for overflight data where the transmitting antenna passes directly over the detecting antenna. Consequently, consistent treatment of overflight and broadside electric field measurements requires an anisotropic modeling assumption. To produce a consistent resistivity model for such data, we develop and use a 3D CSEM imaging algorithm that treats transverse anisotropy. The algorithm is based on nonlinear conjugate gradients and full wave-equation modeling. It exploits parallel computing systems to effectively treat 3D imaging problems and CSEM data volumes of industrial size. We use it to demonstrate the anisotropic imaging process on model and field data sets from the North Sea and offshore Brazil. We also verify that isotropic imaging of overflight data alone produces an image generally consistent with vertical resistivity. However, superior data fits are obtained when the same overflight data are analyzed assuming an anisotropic resistivity model. C1 [Newman, Gregory A.; Commer, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Carazzone, James J.] ExxonMobil Upstream Res Co, Houston, TX USA. RP Newman, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ganewman@lbl.gov; mcommer@lbl.gov; jim.j.carazzone@exxonmobil.com RI Newman, Gregory/G-2813-2015; Commer, Michael/G-3350-2015 OI Commer, Michael/0000-0003-0015-9217 FU United States Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; ExxonMobil Corporation FX We thank PGS for permission to present the Campos Basin CSEM data and TGS-NOPEC for permission to present the seismic data. This work was carried out at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, with base funding provided by the United States Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Additional funding and support was provided by the ExxonMobil Corporation. NR 30 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 16 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 75 IS 2 BP F51 EP F61 DI 10.1190/1.3295883 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 585YY UT WOS:000276868100012 ER PT J AU Masson, YJ Pride, SR AF Masson, Y. J. Pride, S. R. TI Finite-difference modeling of Biot's poroelastic equations across all frequencies SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE flow through porous media; porous materials; seismic waves ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; DYNAMIC PERMEABILITY; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; WAVE-PROPAGATION; SOUND SPEED AB An explicit time-stepping finite-difference scheme is presented for solving Biot's equations of poroelasticity across the entire band of frequencies. In the general case for which viscous boundary layers in the pores must be accounted for, the time-domain version of Darcy's law contains a convolution integral. It is shown how to efficiently and directly perform the convolution so that the Darcy velocity can be properly updated at each time step. At frequencies that are low enough compared to the onset of viscous boundary layers, no memory terms are required. At higher frequencies, the number of memory terms required is the same as the number of time points it takes to sample accurately the wavelet being used. In practice, we never use more than 20 memory terms and often considerably fewer. Allowing for the convolution makes the scheme even more stable (even larger time steps might be used) than it is when the convolution is entirely neglected. The accuracy of the scheme is confirmed by comparing numerical examples to exact analytic results. C1 [Masson, Y. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pride, S. R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Masson, YJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yder_masson@berkeley.edu; srpride@lbl.gov RI masson, yder/K-8264-2012; OI masson, yder/0000-0001-6884-8823 FU University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences FX Work of SRP was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and supported specifically by the Geosciences Research Program of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 75 IS 2 BP N33 EP N41 DI 10.1190/1.3332589 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 585YY UT WOS:000276868100016 ER PT J AU Snyder, SF Traub, RJ AF Snyder, Sandra F. Traub, Richard J. TI THE LIVERMORE PHANTOM HISTORY AND SUPPLEMENTATION SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE detector, radiation; dosimetry, internal; lungs, human; phantom AB In vivo monitoring facilities determine the absence or presence of internally entrained radionuclides. To be of greatest utility, the detection systems must detect and quantify the nuclides of interest at levels of interest. Phantoms have been developed to improve measurements at in vivo monitoring facilities. Since the 1970's, the torso phantom originally developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL, or simply "Livermore") continues to be a well-used tool at lung monitoring facilities, especially for the detection of low-energy photons from transuranics. The history of its development from need through design development and current availability is summarized. The authors have taken the LLNL phantom one step further by scanning the phantom surface and announce the availability of the scan riles on the Internet. Health Phys. 98(3):459-465; 2010 C1 [Snyder, Sandra F.; Traub, Richard J.] PNNL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Snyder, SF (reprint author), PNNL, MS K3-54, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sandra.snyder@pnl.gov OI Snyder, Sandra/0000-0001-5826-1324 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0576RL01 830] FX Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC0576RL01 830. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 BP 459 EP 465 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181c03cc4 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 555IJ UT WOS:000274502500001 PM 20147787 ER PT J AU Levitskaia, TG Creim, JA Curry, TL Luders, T Morris, JE Woodstock, AD Levinson, B Thrall, KD AF Levitskaia, Tatiana G. Creim, Jeffrey A. Curry, Terry L. Luders, Teresa Morris, James E. Woodstock, Angela D. Levinson, Barry Thrall, Karla D. TI EVALUATION OF CUPRIMINE (R) AND SYPRINE (R) FOR DECORPORATION OF Co-60 AND Po-210 SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Co-60; chelation; contamination, internal; intake, radionuclide ID SULFUR-CONTAINING LIGANDS; CHELATING-AGENTS; COMPLEXES; COBALT; BIOKINETICS; STABILITY; PLUTONIUM; TOXICITY; POLONIUM; WORKERS AB The acknowledged risk of deliberate release of radionuclides into local environments by terrorist activities has prompted a drive to improve novel materials and methods for removing internally deposited radionuclides. These decorporation treatments will also benefit workers in the nuclear industry, should an exposure occur. Cuprimine and Syprine (R) are oral therapeutics based on the active ingredients D-penicillamine and N,N'-bis-(2-aininoethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine dihydrochloride, respectively. These therapeutic drugs have been used for several decades to treat Wilson's disease, a genetic defect leading to copper overload, by chelation and accelerated excretion of internally deposited copper. Studies were undertaken to evaluate these FDA-approved drugs for the in vivo decorporation of radioactive cobalt (Co-60) and polonium (Po-210) using male Wistar-Han rats. In these studies, Co-60 or Po-210 was administered to animals by IV injection, followed by oral gavage doses of either Cuprimine (R) or Syprine (R). Control animals received the radionuclide alone. For Co-60 studies, animals received a single dose of Cuprimine (R) or Syprine (R), while for Po-210 studies animals were repeatedly dosed at 24-h intervals for a total of 5 doses. Results show that Syprine (R) significantly increased urinary elimination and skeletal concentrations of Co-60 compared to controls. While Cuprimine (R) had little effect on total excretion of Co-60, the skeletal, kidney, liver, muscle, and stomach tissues had significantly lower radioactivity compared to control animals. The low overall excretion of Po-210 made it difficult to reliably measure urinary or fecal radioactivity and draw a definitive conclusion on the effect of Cuprimine (R) or Syprine (R) treatment on excretion. However, Cuprimine (R) treatment was effective at reducing spleen levels of Po-210 compared to controls. Similarly, Syprine (R) treatment produced statistically significant reductions of Po-210 in the spleen and skeletal tissues compared to control animals. Based on these promising findings, further studies to evaluate the dose-response pharmacokinetic profiles for decorporation are warranted. Health Phys. 98(3):471-479; 2010 C1 [Levitskaia, Tatiana G.; Creim, Jeffrey A.; Curry, Terry L.; Luders, Teresa; Morris, James E.; Woodstock, Angela D.; Thrall, Karla D.] Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Levinson, Barry] Aton Pharma Inc, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. RP Levitskaia, TG (reprint author), Pacific NW Div, 902 Battelle Blvd,Mail Stop P7-25, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM tatiana.levitskaia@pnl.gov NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 98 IS 3 BP 471 EP 479 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181bcdf4f PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 555IJ UT WOS:000274502500003 PM 20147789 ER PT J AU Rhee, DB Wang, YS Mizesko, M Zhou, F Haneline, L Liu, Y AF Rhee, David B. Wang, Yisong Mizesko, Melissa Zhou, Fang Haneline, Laura Liu, Yie TI FANCC suppresses short telomere-initiated telomere sister chromatid exchange SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ABERRANT HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; DNA-DAMAGE RESPONSE; STEM-CELLS; REPOPULATING ABILITY; DEFICIENT MOUSE; ALT CELLS; ANEMIA; MICE; LENGTH; REPAIR AB Telomere shortening has been linked to rare human disorders that present with bone marrow failure including Fanconi anemia (FA). FANCC is one of the most commonly mutated FA genes in FA patients and the FANCC subtype tends to have a relatively early onset of bone marrow failure and hematologic malignancies. Here, we studied the role of Fancc in telomere length regulation in mice. Deletion of Fancc (Fancc(-/-)) did not affect telomerase activity, telomere length or telomeric end-capping in a mouse strain possessing intrinsically long telomeres. However, ablation of Fancc did exacerbate telomere attrition when murine bone marrow cells experienced high cell turnover after serial transplantation. When Fancc(-/-) mice were crossed into a telomerase reverse transcriptase heterozygous or null background (Tert(+/-) or Tert(-/-)) with short telomeres, Fancc deficiency led to an increase in the incidence of telomere sister chromatid exchange. In contrast, these phenotypes were not observed in Tert mutant mice with long telomeres. Our data indicate that Fancc deficiency accelerates telomere shortening during high turnover of hematopoietic cells and promotes telomere recombination initiated by short telomeres. C1 [Mizesko, Melissa; Haneline, Laura] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Herman B Wells Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Mizesko, Melissa; Haneline, Laura] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Herman B Wells Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Rhee, David B.; Zhou, Fang; Liu, Yie] NIA, Lab Mol Gerontol, NIH, Biomed Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Wang, Yisong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Haneline, L (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Herman B Wells Ctr, R4-476,1044 W Walnut St, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM lhanelin@iupui.edu; liuyie@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural Research Program of the NIA; National Institutes of Health; U. S. Public Health Services [R01 HL077175, P30 CA82709, T32 DK07519]; Riley Children's Foundation FX This study was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIA, National Institutes of Health (Y. L.), U. S. Public Health Services Grants R01 HL077175 (L. H.), P30 CA82709 (L. H.), T32 DK07519 (M. M.) and the Riley Children's Foundation (L. H.). NR 54 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0964-6906 J9 HUM MOL GENET JI Hum. Mol. Genet. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 19 IS 5 BP 879 EP 887 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddp556 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 553CD UT WOS:000274341400012 PM 20022886 ER PT J AU Liu, HH AF Liu, Hui-Hai TI Comment on "Sensitivity of the active fracture model parameter to fracture network orientation and injection scenarios": paper published in Hydrogeology Journal (2009) 17:1347-1358, by Hakan BaAYagaoglu, Sauro Succi, Chandrika Manepally, Randall Fedors, Danielle Y. Wyrick SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNSATURATED FLOW; REGION MODEL; TRANSPORT C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liu, HH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hhliu@lbl.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 18 IS 2 BP 535 EP 537 DI 10.1007/s10040-009-0564-6 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 554TF UT WOS:000274456600021 ER PT J AU Madhavan, R del Pobil, AP Messina, E AF Madhavan, Raj del Pobil, Angel P. Messina, Elena TI Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking of Robotic and Automation Systems SO IEEE ROBOTICS & AUTOMATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Madhavan, Raj] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [del Pobil, Angel P.] Univ Jaume 1, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Castellon de La Plana, Spain. [del Pobil, Angel P.] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Interact Sci, Seoul, South Korea. RP Madhavan, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM raj.madhavan@ieee.org; pobil@uji.es; elena.messina@nist.gov OI Messina, Elena/0000-0002-1727-9357 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1070-9932 J9 IEEE ROBOT AUTOM MAG JI IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 17 IS 1 BP 120 EP 122 DI 10.1109/MRA.2010.935811 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA 656ZZ UT WOS:000282381100021 ER PT J AU Giles, TM Hayat, MM Krishna, S AF Giles, Todd M. Hayat, Majeed M. Krishna, Sanjay TI Shift Estimation Algorithm for Dynamic Sensors With Frame-to-Frame Variation in Their Spectral Response SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Dot-in-a-well (DWELL) quantum-dot detectors; focal plane arrays; image registration; infrared; motion estimating; spectral imager ID DIGITAL IMAGE REGISTRATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGE; NONUNIFORMITY CORRECTION; RECONSTRUCTION; INTENSITY; SEQUENCES; NOISE AB This study is motivated by the emergence of a new class of tunable infrared spectral-imaging sensors that offer the ability to dynamically vary the sensor's intrinsic spectral response from frame to frame in an electronically controlled fashion. A manifestation of this is when a sequence of dissimilar spectral responses is periodically realized, whereby in every period of acquired imagery, each frame is associated with a distinct spectral band. Traditional scene-based global shift estimation algorithms are not applicable to such spectrally heterogeneous video sequences, as a pixel value may change from frame to frame as a result of both global motion and varying spectral response. In this paper, a novel algorithm is proposed and examined to fuse a series of coarse global shift estimates between periodically sampled pairs of nonadjacent frames to estimate motion between consecutive frames; each pair corresponds to two nonadjacent frames of the same spectral band. The proposed algorithm outperforms three alternative methods, with the average error being one half of that obtained by using an equal weights version of the proposed algorithm, one-fourth of that obtained by using a simple linear interpolation method, and one-twentieth of that obtained by using a naive correlation-based direct method. C1 [Giles, Todd M.; Hayat, Majeed M.; Krishna, Sanjay] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Giles, Todd M.; Hayat, Majeed M.; Krishna, Sanjay] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Giles, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM tgiles@sandia.gov; hayat@ece.unm.edu; skrishna@chtm.unm.edu RI Krishna, Sanjay /C-5766-2009; Hayat, Majeed/E-4924-2010 FU National Science Foundation [IIS-0434102, ECS-401154]; National Consortium for MASINT Research; Los Alamos National Laboratories; Sandia National Laboratories FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Award IIS-0434102 and Award ECS-401154, by the National Consortium for MASINT Research, by Los Alamos National Laboratories, and by Sandia National Laboratories. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 686 EP 692 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2009.2037805 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 561RW UT WOS:000274997400001 ER PT J AU Koomey, JG AF Koomey, Jonathan G. TI Outperforming Moore's Law SO IEEE SPECTRUM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Koomey, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9235 J9 IEEE SPECTRUM JI IEEE Spectr. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 47 IS 3 BP 68 EP 68 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 562EF UT WOS:000275031600021 ER PT J AU Brown, CG Sarabandi, K Pierce, LE AF Brown, Charles G., Jr. Sarabandi, Kamal Pierce, Leland E. TI Model-Based Estimation of Forest Canopy Height in Red and Austrian Pine Stands Using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission and Ancillary Data: A Proof-of-Concept Study SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Interferometry; remote sensing; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID POLARIMETRIC SAR INTERFEROMETRY; COHERENT SCATTERING MODEL; VEGETATION HEIGHT; BOREAL FORESTS; ALGORITHM AB In this paper, accurate tree stand height retrieval is demonstrated using C-band Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) height and ancillary data. The tree height retrieval algorithm is based on modeling uniform tree stands with a single layer of randomly oriented vegetation particles. For such scattering media, the scattering phase center height, as measured by SRTM, is a function of tree height, incidence angle, and the extinction coefficient of the medium. The extinction coefficient for uniform tree stands is calculated as a function of tree height and density using allometric equations and a fractal tree model. The accuracy of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated using SRTM and TOPSAR data for 15 red pine and Austrian pine stands (TOPSAR is an airborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar). The algorithm yields root-mean-square (rms) errors of 2.5-3.6 m, which is a substantial improvement over the 6.8-8.3-m rms errors from the raw SRTM minus National Elevation Dataset Heights. C1 [Brown, Charles G., Jr.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Sarabandi, Kamal; Pierce, Leland E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Radiat Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Brown, CG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM brown207@llnl.gov; saraband@umich.edu; lep@umich.edu FU NASA [NAG5-8930]; U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344. UCRL-JRNL-229808] FX Most of the work for this paper was performed at the University of Michigan under NASA Grant NAG5-8930, or otherwise outside of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and published under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. UCRL-JRNL-229808. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2010 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1105 EP 1118 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2031635 PN 1 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 559BL UT WOS:000274794600010 ER PT J AU Klepper, CC Carlson, EP Moschella, JJ Hazelton, RC Keitz, MD Gardner, WL AF Klepper, C. Christopher Carlson, Eric P. Moschella, John J. Hazelton, Robert C. Keitz, Michael D. Gardner, Walter L. TI A Fast Exhaust-Gas Analyzer for the ITER Fusion Experiment Divertor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE Divertor; helium exhaust; helium removal; ITER; residual gas analysis ID TRITIUM CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS; PENNING GAUGE; DISCHARGE AB This paper presents a first demonstration of a radio-frequency (RF)-excited optical gas analyzer (RF-OGA) designed to quantitatively measure minority species inside the neutralization region of the ITER fusion experiment divertor. The sensor head, which creates its own plasma excitation and plasma light emission, is designed to operate in a strong magnetic field, and the RF coupling leads to bright light emission. It also allows for operation at low voltages, avoiding the radiation-enhanced breakdowns expected when high voltages are present in the ITER environment. Furthermore, the preferred sensor head features full isolation of the metal RF electrodes from the induced plasma. This "electrodeless" operation will permit long operation without frequent maintenance. The testing of a first experimental RF-OGA with an electrodeless design in a strong (similar to 2-T) magnetic field showed a mostly linear response of the He I-6678 angstrom line emission to the He concentration in a hydrogen background, which would produce a He concentration measurement accurate to within 2% of the helium-to-hydrogen ratio. C1 [Klepper, C. Christopher; Gardner, Walter L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Klepper, C. Christopher; Carlson, Eric P.; Moschella, John J.; Hazelton, Robert C.; Keitz, Michael D.] HY Tech Res Corp, Radford, VA 24141 USA. [Gardner, Walter L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US ITER Project Off, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Klepper, CC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kleppercc@ornl.gov; ecarlson@hytechresearch.com; moschella@hytechresearch.com; bhazelton@hytechresearch.com; mkeitz@hytechresearch.com; gardnerwl@ornl.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 3 BP 315 EP 319 DI 10.1109/TPS.2009.2037742 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 566KK UT WOS:000275368900017 ER PT J AU Neilson, GH Gruber, CO Harris, JH Rej, DJ Simmons, RT Strykowsky, RL AF Neilson, G. H. Gruber, C. O. Harris, J. H. Rej, D. J. Simmons, R. T. Strykowsky, R. L. TI Lessons Learned in Risk Management on NCSX SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE Management; National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX); risk; stellarator ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; CONSTRUCTION; DESIGN; PHYSICS AB The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) was designed to test physics principles of an innovative stellarator design developed by Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Construction of some of the major components and subassemblies was completed, but the estimated cost and schedule for completing the project grew as the technical requirements and risks became better understood, leading to its cancellation in 2008. The project's risks stemmed from its technical challenges, primarily the complex component geometries and tight tolerances that were required. The initial baseline, which was established in 2004, was supported by a risk management plan and risk-based contingencies, both of which proved to be inadequate. Technical successes were achieved in the construction of challenging components and subassemblies, but cost and schedule growth was experienced. As part of an effort to improve project performance, a new risk management program was devised and implemented in 2007-2008. It led to a better understanding of project risks, a sounder basis for contingency estimates, and improved management tools. Although the risks were ultimately unacceptable to the sponsor, valuable lessons in risk management were learned through the experiences with the NCSX project. C1 [Neilson, G. H.; Rej, D. J.; Simmons, R. T.; Strykowsky, R. L.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Harris, J. H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Neilson, GH (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM hneilson@pppl.gov; costconsultant@ymail.com; harrisjh@ornl.gov; drej@lanl.gov; rsimmons@pppl.gov; rstrykowsky@pppl.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 3 BP 320 EP 327 DI 10.1109/TPS.2009.2037889 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 566KK UT WOS:000275368900018 ER PT J AU Leuer, JA Eidietis, NW Ferron, JR Humphreys, DA Hyatt, AW Jackson, GL Johnson, RD Penaflor, BG Piglowski, DA Walker, ML Welander, AS Yoon, SW Hahn, SH Oh, YK Xiao, BJ Wang, HZ Yuan, QP Mueller, D AF Leuer, J. A. Eidietis, N. W. Ferron, J. R. Humphreys, D. A. Hyatt, A. W. Jackson, G. L. Johnson, R. D. Penaflor, B. G. Piglowski, D. A. Walker, M. L. Welander, A. S. Yoon, S. W. Hahn, S. H. Oh, Y. K. Xiao, B. J. Wang, H. Z. Yuan, Q. P. Mueller, D. TI Plasma Startup Design of Fully Superconducting Tokamaks EAST and KSTAR With Implications for ITER SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE Breakdown; DIII-D; Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST); first plasma; fusion; International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER); Korean Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR); plasma initiation; tokamak ID DIII-D; DOUBLET-III AB Recent commissioning of two major fully superconducting (SC)-shaped tokamaks, Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) and Korean Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR), represents a significant advance in magnetic fusion research. The key to commissioning success in these complex and unique tokamaks was as follows: 1) use of a robust, flexible plasma control system (PCS) based on the validated DIII-D design; 2) use of the TokSys design and modeling environment, which is tightly coupled with the DIII-D PCS architecture for first-plasma scenario development and plasma diagnosis; and 3) collaborations with experienced internationally recognized teams of tokamak operations and control experts. We provide an overview of the generic modeling environment and plasma control tools developed and validated within the DIII-D experimental program and applied through an international collaborative program to successfully address the unique constraints associated with the startup of these next-generation tokamaks. The unique characteristics of each tokamak and the machine constraints that must be included in device modeling and simulation, such as SC coil current slew rate limits and the presence of nonlinear magnetic materials, are discussed, along with commissioning and initial operational results. Lessons learned from the startup experience in these devices are summarized, with special emphasis on ramifications for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). C1 [Leuer, J. A.; Eidietis, N. W.; Ferron, J. R.; Humphreys, D. A.; Hyatt, A. W.; Jackson, G. L.; Johnson, R. D.; Penaflor, B. G.; Piglowski, D. A.; Walker, M. L.; Welander, A. S.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Yoon, S. W.; Hahn, S. H.; Oh, Y. K.] Natl Fus Res Inst, Taejon 305333, South Korea. [Xiao, B. J.; Wang, H. Z.; Yuan, Q. P.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. [Mueller, D.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Leuer, JA (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM leuer@fusion.gat.com; eidietis@fusion.gat.com; ferron@fusion.gat.com; humphreys@fusion.gat.com; hyatt@fusion.gat.com; jackson@fusion.gat.com; johnsonb@fusion.gat.com; penaflor@fusion.gat.com; piglowski@fusion.gat.com; walker@fusion.gat.com; welander@fusion.gat.com; swyoon@nfri.re.kr; hahn76@nfri.re.kr; ykoh@nfri.re.kr; bjxiao@ipp.ac.cn; hzwang@ipp.ac.cn; qpyuan@ipp.ac.cn; mueller@pppl.gov RI Xiao, Bingjia/A-1681-2017; OI Xiao, Bingjia/0000-0001-8692-2636; Walker, Michael/0000-0002-4341-994X NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 3 BP 333 EP 340 DI 10.1109/TPS.2009.2037890 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 566KK UT WOS:000275368900020 ER PT J AU Mueller, D Bell, MG Bell, R LeBlanc, BP Roquemore, AL Raman, R Jarboe, TR Nelson, BA Sabbagh, SA Soukanovskii, V AF Mueller, Dennis Bell, Michael G. Bell, Ronald LeBlanc, Benoit P. Roquemore, Alvin L. Raman, Roger Jarboe, Thomas R. Nelson, Brian A. Sabbagh, Steven A. Soukanovskii, Vlad TI Ramp-Up of CHI-Initiated Plasmas on NSTX SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE Coaxial helicity injection (CHI); current drive; spherical torus (ST); start-up ID COAXIAL HELICITY INJECTION; START-UP; TOKAMAK; SUSTAINMENT AB Ongoing experiments on the National Spherical Torus Experiment have demonstrated ohmic transformer flux savings by initiating the discharge with transient coaxial helicity injection (CHI). The combined use of discharge cleaning of the CHI electrodes and use of lithium evaporation, along with the use of poloidal field coils, to produce a buffer flux that prevents arcs at the top of the device has been shown to reduce the radiation from low-Z impurities. Without such impurity reduction, CHI-initiated discharges could not have their plasma current increased by ohmic ramp-up; however, the CHI-initiated discharges with reduced low-Z radiation can be ramped up by induction and exhibit higher plasma current than discharges without the benefit of CHI initiation. C1 [Mueller, Dennis; Bell, Michael G.; Bell, Ronald; LeBlanc, Benoit P.; Roquemore, Alvin L.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Raman, Roger; Jarboe, Thomas R.; Nelson, Brian A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sabbagh, Steven A.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Soukanovskii, Vlad] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Mueller, D (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM dmueller@pppl.gov; mbell@pppl.gov; rbell@pppl.gov; leblanc@pppl.gov; lroquemore@pppl.gov; raman@pppl.gov; jarboe@aa.washington.edu; nelson@aa.washington.edu; sabbagh@pppl.go; vlad@pppl.gov RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 3 BP 371 EP 374 DI 10.1109/TPS.2009.2038474 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 566KK UT WOS:000275368900026 ER PT J AU Khater, H Epperson, P Thacker, R Beale, R Kohut, T Brereton, S AF Khater, Hesham Epperson, Patrick Thacker, Rick Beale, Richard Kohut, Tom Brereton, Sandra TI Impact of Target-Material Activation on Personnel Exposure and Radioactive Contamination in the National Ignition Facility SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE ICF; National Ignition Facility (NIF); target-material activation AB Detailed activation analyses are performed for the different materials under consideration for use in the target capsules and hohlraums during the ignition campaign of the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Results of the target-material activation are additionally used to estimate the levels of contamination within the NIF Target Chamber (TC) and the workplace controls that are necessary for safe operation. The analysis examined the impact of using Be-Cu and Ge-doped hydrocarbon capsules on the external dose received by workers during maintenance activities. Five days following a 20-MJ shot, dose rates inside the TC due to the two proposed capsule materials are small (similar to 0.01 mu Sv/h). Gold and depleted uranium (DU) are considered as potential hohlraum materials. Following a shot, gold will be deposited on the TC first wall. On the other hand, while noble-gas precursors from the DU are expected to stay in the TC, most of the noble gases are pumped out of the chamber and end up on the cryopumps. The dose rates inside the TC due to activated gold or DU, at five days following a 20-MJ shot, are about 10 mu Sv/h. Dose rates in the vicinity of the cryopumps (containing noble "fission" gases) drop off to about 10 mu Sv/h during the first 12 h following the shot. Contamination from activation of NIF targets will result in levels in the NIF TC above U. S. Department of Energy surface contamination limits. Objects removed from the TC will need to be managed as radioactive material. However, the results suggest that airborne contamination from resuspension of surface contamination will not be significant and is at levels that can be readily managed by negative ventilation when accessing the TC attachments. C1 [Khater, Hesham; Epperson, Patrick; Thacker, Rick; Beale, Richard; Kohut, Tom; Brereton, Sandra] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Khater, H (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM khater1@llnl.gov; epperson1@llnl.gov; thacker3@llnl.gov; beale2@llnl.gov; kohut2@llnl.gov; brereton1@llnl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 3 BP 383 EP 387 DI 10.1109/TPS.2009.2038475 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 566KK UT WOS:000275368900028 ER PT J AU Combs, SK Meitner, SJ Baylor, LR Caughman, JBO Commaux, N Fehling, DT Foust, CR Jernigan, TC McGill, JM Parks, PB Rasmussen, DA AF Combs, Stephen Kirk Meitner, Steven J. Baylor, Larry R. Caughman, John B. O. Commaux, Nicolas Fehling, Dan T. Foust, Charles R. Jernigan, Tom C. McGill, James M. Parks, Paul B. Rasmussen, Dave A. TI Alternative Techniques for Injecting Massive Quantities of Gas for Plasma-Disruption Mitigation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE Disruption; gas injection; massive pellet; mitigation; plasma; rupture disk ID PELLET INJECTION AB Injection of massive quantities of noble gases or D-2 has proven to be effective at mitigating some of the deleterious effects of disruptions in tokamaks. Two alternative methods that might offer some advantages over the present technique for massive gas injection are "shattering" massive pellets and employing close-coupled rupture disks. Laboratory testing has been carried out to evaluate their feasibility. For the study of massive pellets, a pipe-gun pellet injector cooled with a cryogenic refrigerator was fitted with a relatively large barrel (16.5-mm bore), and D-2 and Ne pellets were made and were accelerated to speeds of similar to 600 and 300 m/s, respectively. Based on the successful proof-of-principle testing with the injector and a special double-impact target to shatter pellets, a similar system has been prepared and installed on DIII-D, with preliminary experiments already carried out. To study the applicability of rupture disks for disruption mitigation, a simple test apparatus was assembled in the laboratory. Commercially available rupture disks of 1-in nominal diameter were tested at conditions relevant for the application on tokamaks, including tests with Ar and He gases and rupture pressures of similar to 54 bar. Some technical and practical issues of implementing this technique on a tokamak are discussed. C1 [Combs, Stephen Kirk; Meitner, Steven J.; Baylor, Larry R.; Caughman, John B. O.; Commaux, Nicolas; Fehling, Dan T.; Foust, Charles R.; Jernigan, Tom C.; McGill, James M.; Rasmussen, Dave A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Parks, Paul B.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Combs, SK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM combssk@ornl.gov; meitnersj@ornl.gov; baylorlr@ornl.gov; caughmanjb@ornl.gov; commaux@fusion.gat.com; fehlingdt@ornl.gov; foustcr@ornl.gov; jernigantc@ornl.gov; mcgilljm@ornl.gov; parks@fusion.gat.com; rasmussenda@ornl.gov RI Caughman, John/R-4889-2016 OI Caughman, John/0000-0002-0609-1164 NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 3 BP 400 EP 405 DI 10.1109/TPS.2009.2038781 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 566KK UT WOS:000275368900031 ER PT J AU Baylor, LR Jernigan, TC Combs, SK Meitner, SJ Caughman, JB Commaux, N Rasmussen, DA Parks, PB Glugla, M Maruyama, S Pearce, RJH Lehnen, M AF Baylor, L. R. Jernigan, T. C. Combs, S. K. Meitner, S. J. Caughman, J. B. Commaux, N. Rasmussen, D. A. Parks, P. B. Glugla, M. Maruyama, S. Pearce, R. J. H. Lehnen, M. TI Disruption-Mitigation-Technology Concepts and Implications for ITER SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, NPSS DE Disruption; ITER; pellet ID PELLET INJECTION; DIII-D; SYSTEMS; VALVE; JET AB Disruptions on ITER present challenges to handle the intense heat flux, the large forces from halo currents, and the potential first wall damage from energetic runaway electrons. Injecting large quantities of material into the plasma during the disruption can reduce the plasma energy and increase its resistivity to mitigate these effects. Assessments of the amount of various mixtures and quantities of the material required have been made to provide collision mitigation of runaway-electron conversion, which is the most difficult challenge. The quantities of the material required (similar to 0.5 MPa . m(3) for deuterium or helium gas) are large enough to have implications on the design and operation of the vacuum system and tokamak exhaust processing system. C1 [Baylor, L. R.; Jernigan, T. C.; Combs, S. K.; Meitner, S. J.; Caughman, J. B.; Commaux, N.; Rasmussen, D. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Parks, P. B.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Glugla, M.; Maruyama, S.; Pearce, R. J. H.] ITER Org, F-13067 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Lehnen, M.] Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Baylor, LR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM baylorlr@ornl.gov; jernigantc@ornl.gov; combssk@ornl.gov; parks@fusion.gat.com RI Caughman, John/R-4889-2016 OI Caughman, John/0000-0002-0609-1164 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 3 BP 419 EP 424 DI 10.1109/TPS.2009.2039496 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 566KK UT WOS:000275368900034 ER PT J AU Gottumukkala, NR Nassar, R Paun, M Leangsuksun, CB Scott, SL AF Gottumukkala, Narasimha Raju Nassar, Raja Paun, Mihaela Leangsuksun, Chokchai Box Scott, Stephen L. TI Reliability of a System of k Nodes for High Performance Computing Applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE System reliability; system time to failure; Weibull distribution AB Reliability estimation of High Performance Computing (HPC) systems enables resource allocation, and fault tolerance frameworks to minimize the performance loss due to unexpected failures. Recent studies have shown that compute nodes in HPC systems follow a time varying failure rate distribution such as Weibull, instead of the exponential distribution. In this paper, we propose a model for the Time to Failure (TTF) distribution of a system of k s-independent nodes when individual nodes exhibit time varying failure rates. We also present the system reliability, failure rates, Mean Time to Failure (MTTF), and derivations of the proposed system TTF model. The model is validated using observed data on time to failure. C1 [Gottumukkala, Narasimha Raju; Nassar, Raja; Paun, Mihaela; Leangsuksun, Chokchai Box] Louisiana Tech Univ, Coll Engn & Sci, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. [Gottumukkala, Narasimha Raju] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Ctr Business & Informat Technol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Paun, Mihaela] Spiru Haret Univ, Fac Finance & Banks, Bucharest 030045, Romania. [Scott, Stephen L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Paun, M (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, Coll Engn & Sci, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. EM raju@louisiana.edu; nassar@latech.edu; mpaun@latech.edu; box@latech.edu; scottsl@ornl.gov RI Paun, Mihaela/C-3539-2011 OI Paun, Mihaela/0000-0002-3342-9140 FU National University Research Council [CNCSIS PNII RP5]; Sciences Office, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-FG02-08ER25836]; National Science Foundation [CNS-0834483] FX Manuscript received March 21, 2008; revised January 18, 2009 and May 01, 2009; accepted May 20, 2009. First published December 04, 2009; current version published March 03, 2010. Research supported by the National Science Foundation Grant CNS-0834483. Research supported by the Department of Energy Grant DE-FG02-08ER25836. Research supported by the National University Research Council Grant CNCSIS PNII RP5. Research supported by the Mathematics, Information and Computational Sciences Office, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. Associate Editor H. Li. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9529 J9 IEEE T RELIAB JI IEEE Trans. Reliab. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 59 IS 1 BP 162 EP 169 DI 10.1109/TR.2009.2034291 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 608XA UT WOS:000278618100017 ER PT J AU Bremer, PT Weber, GH Pascucci, V Day, M Bell, JB AF Bremer, Peer-Timo Weber, Gunther H. Pascucci, Valerio Day, Marc Bell, John B. TI Analyzing and Tracking Burning Structures in Lean Premixed Hydrogen Flames SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article DE Visualization; data analysis; topological data analysis; Morse complex; Reeb graph; feature detection; feature tracking; combustion simulations; burning regions ID 3-DIMENSIONAL SCALAR FUNCTIONS; MORSE-SMALE COMPLEXES; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; CONSTRUCTION; FEATURES AB This paper presents topology-based methods to robustly extract, analyze, and track features defined as subsets of isosurfaces. First, we demonstrate how features identified by thresholding isosurfaces can be defined in terms of the Morse complex. Second, we present a specialized hierarchy that encodes the feature segmentation independent of the threshold while still providing a flexible multiresolution representation. Third, for a given parameter selection, we create detailed tracking graphs representing the complete evolution of all features in a combustion simulation over several hundred time steps. Finally, we discuss a user interface that correlates the tracking information with interactive rendering of the segmented isosurfaces enabling an in-depth analysis of the temporal behavior. We demonstrate our approach by analyzing three numerical simulations of lean hydrogen flames subject to different levels of turbulence. Due to their unstable nature, lean flames burn in cells separated by locally extinguished regions. The number, area, and evolution over time of these cells provide important insights into the impact of turbulence on the combustion process. Utilizing the hierarchy, we can perform an extensive parameter study without reprocessing the data for each set of parameters. The resulting statistics enable scientists to select appropriate parameters and provide insight into the sensitivity of the results with respect to the choice of parameters. Our method allows for the first time to quantitatively correlate the turbulence of the burning process with the distribution of burning regions, properly segmented and selected. In particular, our analysis shows that counterintuitively stronger turbulence leads to larger cell structures, which burn more intensely than expected. This behavior suggests that flames could be stabilized under much leaner conditions than previously anticipated. C1 [Bremer, Peer-Timo] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Weber, Gunther H.; Day, Marc; Bell, John B.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Weber, Gunther H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Inst Data Anal & Visualizat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pascucci, Valerio] Univ Utah, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Bremer, PT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, L-422,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bremer5@llnl.gov; ghweber@lbl.gov; pascucci@sci.utah.edu; MSDay@lbl.gov; JBBell@lbl.gov OI Weber, Gunther/0000-0002-1794-1398 FU US Department of Energy ( DOE) by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-412904L, DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy ( DOE) by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract Nos. DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-412904L. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, of the DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 through the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program's Visualization and Analytics Center for Enabling Technologies (VACET); the SciDAC Program of the DOE Office of Mathematics, Information, and Computational Sciences under the DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Computational resources have been made available on the Fraklin machine at NERSC as part of an INCITE award and on the Columbia machine at NASA as part of an National Leadership Class System allocation; and the US National Science Foundation (NSF) through the Topology-based Methods for Analysis and Visualization of Noisy Data project. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the US DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 37 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 15 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 EI 1941-0506 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 16 IS 2 BP 248 EP 260 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2009.69 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 541EL UT WOS:000273396600007 PM 20075485 ER PT J AU Fiehn, O Park, JJ Lee, DY AF Fiehn, Oliver Park, Jeong-Jin Lee, Do Yup TI Activation of Metabolic Networks in Chlamydomonas Reinhardtu in Response to Environmental Cues SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fiehn, Oliver] UC Davis, UC Davis Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Park, Jeong-Jin] Michigan State Univ, GLBRC, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lee, Do Yup] LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2010 VL 46 SU S BP S24 EP S25 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 695JX UT WOS:000285367500055 ER PT J AU Fu, CX Mielenz, J Xiao, XR Xi, YJ Hamilton, C Ge, YX Chen, F Bouton, J Dixon, R Wang, ZY AF Fu Chunxiang Mielenz, Jonathan Xiao Xirong Xi Yajun Hamilton, Choo Ge Yaxin Chen Fang Bouton, Joseph Dixon, Richard Wang Zeng-Yu TI Genetic Modification of Switchgrass for Improved Biofuel Production SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fu Chunxiang; Xiao Xirong; Xi Yajun; Ge Yaxin; Bouton, Joseph; Wang Zeng-Yu] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Forage Improvement Div, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Mielenz, Jonathan; Hamilton, Choo] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chen Fang; Dixon, Richard] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2010 VL 46 SU S BP S26 EP S27 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 695JX UT WOS:000285367500060 ER PT J AU Jesus, E Howe, A Chain, P Liang, C Tiedje, J AF Jesus, Ederson Howe, Adina Chain, Patrick Liang Chao Tiedje, James TI To What Extent do Soil Communities Respond to Plants Metagenomic Analyses SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jesus, Ederson; Liang Chao] Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Howe, Adina; Tiedje, James] Michigan State Univ, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Tiedje, James] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Chain, Patrick] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RI chain, patrick/B-9777-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2010 VL 46 SU S BP S77 EP S78 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 695JX UT WOS:000285367500172 ER PT J AU Keasling, J AF Keasling, Jay TI Engineering Microorganisms with Plant-derived Genes to Produce Drugs and Fuels SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Keasling, Jay] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2010 VL 46 SU S BP S38 EP S39 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 695JX UT WOS:000285367500086 ER PT J AU Mann, D Abercrombie, L Burris, J Halter, M Hawkins, J King, Z LaFayette, P Mazarei, M Percifield, R Poovaiah, C Reeve, E Rudis, M Willis, J Wuddineh, W Bennetzen, J Parrott, W Stewart, N Keller, M AF Mann, Dave Abercrombie, Laura Burris, Jason Halter, Mat Hawkins, Jennifer King, Zach LaFayette, Pete Mazarei, Mitra Percifield, Ryan Poovaiah, Charleson Reeve, Ellen Rudis, Mary Willis, Jonathan Wuddineh, Wegi Bennetzen, Jeff Parrott, Wayne Stewart, Neal Keller, Martin TI Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Biotechnology and Transformation for Altered Cell Wall Biosynthesis SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mann, Dave; Abercrombie, Laura; Burris, Jason; Halter, Mat; Mazarei, Mitra; Poovaiah, Charleson; Reeve, Ellen; Rudis, Mary; Willis, Jonathan; Wuddineh, Wegi; Stewart, Neal] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37865 USA. [Hawkins, Jennifer; King, Zach; LaFayette, Pete; Percifield, Ryan; Bennetzen, Jeff; Parrott, Wayne] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Keller, Martin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RI Keller, Martin/C-4416-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2010 VL 46 SU S BP S193 EP S193 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 695JX UT WOS:000285367500433 ER PT J AU Mohnen, D Biswal, A Hao, ZY Sholes, T Gelineo-Albersheim, I Hunt, K Darvill, A Hahn, M Kong, YZ Zhou, GK Avci, U Adams, M Kataeva, I Yang, SJ Xu, Y Yin, YB Chen, HL DiFazio, S Slavov, G Davis, M Sykes, R Decker, S Selig, M Tucker, M Himmel, M Studer, M DeMartini, J Wyman, C Rokhsar, D Goodstein, D Schwartz, W Shu, SQ Schmutz, J Lynd, L Nelson, R Dixon, R Hinchee, M Rottmann, W Winkeler, K Chang, SJ Gilna, P Davison, B Yin, TM Ranjan, P Abraham, P Hettich, R Tuskan, G AF Mohnen, Debra Biswal, Ajaya Hao Zhangying Sholes, Tipton Gelineo-Albersheim, Ivana Hunt, Kimberly Darvill, Alan Hahn, Michael Kong Yingzhen Zhou Gongke Avci, Utku Adams, Michael Kataeva, Irina Yang Sung-Jae Xu Ying Yin Yanbin Chen Huiling DiFazio, Stephen Slavov, Gancho Davis, Mark Sykes, Robert Decker, Steve Selig, Mike Tucker, Melvin Himmel, Mike Studer, Michael DeMartini, Jaclyn Wyman, Charles Rokhsar, Dan Goodstein, David Schwartz, Wendy Shu Sheng-quiang Schmutz, Jeremy Lynd, Lee Nelson, Rick Dixon, Richard Hinchee, Maud Rottmann, William Winkeler, Kim Chang Shujun Gilna, Paul Davison, Brian Yin Tongming Ranjan, Priya Abraham, Paul Hettich, Robert Tuskan, Gerald TI The Bioenergy Science Center (BESC) and Overcoming Recalcitrance of Populus to Biofuel Production SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mohnen, Debra] Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [DiFazio, Stephen; Slavov, Gancho] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Davis, Mark; Sykes, Robert; Decker, Steve; Selig, Mike; Tucker, Melvin; Himmel, Mike] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Studer, Michael; DeMartini, Jaclyn; Wyman, Charles] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Schmutz, Jeremy] Alpha Hudson, Huntsville, AL USA. [Nelson, Rick; Dixon, Richard] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK USA. [Gilna, Paul; Davison, Brian; Yin Tongming; Ranjan, Priya; Abraham, Paul; Hettich, Robert; Tuskan, Gerald] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011; Davison, Brian/D-7617-2013; Gilna, Paul/I-3608-2016; Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016 OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289; Davison, Brian/0000-0002-7408-3609; Gilna, Paul/0000-0002-6542-0191; Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2010 VL 46 SU S BP S48 EP S48 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 695JX UT WOS:000285367500107 ER PT J AU Ramanna, H Doeppke, C Hisano, S Decker, S Selig, M Jackson, L Biswal, A Gelineo-Albersheim, I Hunt, K Tschaplinski, T Mohnen, D Chen, F Davis, M Nelson, R AF Ramanna, Hema Doeppke, Crissa Hisano, Sakae Decker, Steve Selig, Michael Jackson, Lisa Biswal, Ajaya Gelineo-Albersheim, Ivana Hunt, Kimberly Tschaplinski, Timothy Mohnen, Debra Chen Fang Davis, Mark Nelson, Richard TI Use of a Model Monocotyledon Species, Setaria italica (Foxtail Millet), and Virus-Induced Gene Silencing to Evaluate the Recalcitrance Potential of Target Genes for Biofuel Production SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Nelson, Richard] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Doeppke, Crissa; Decker, Steve; Selig, Michael; Davis, Mark] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Biswal, Ajaya; Gelineo-Albersheim, Ivana; Hunt, Kimberly; Mohnen, Debra] Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Tschaplinski, Timothy] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2010 VL 46 SU S BP S145 EP S146 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 695JX UT WOS:000285367500324 ER PT J AU Sandhu, S Barb, J Gracom, K Sykes, R Moyers, B Davis, M Reiseberg, L Marek, L Burke, J Knapp, S AF Sandhu, Sukhpreeti Barb, Jessica Gracom, Kristen Sykes, Robert Moyers, Brook Davis, Mark Reiseberg, Loren Marek, Laura Burke, John Knapp, Steven TI Genetic Mechanism of Wood Production in Silverleaf Sunflower SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sandhu, Sukhpreeti; Barb, Jessica; Knapp, Steven] Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Gracom, Kristen; Sykes, Robert; Davis, Mark] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Moyers, Brook; Reiseberg, Loren] Univ British Columbia, Dept Biol, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Marek, Laura] N Cent Reg Plant Intro Stn, Ames, IA USA. [Burke, John] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Moyers, Brook/E-1516-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2010 VL 46 SU S BP S159 EP S159 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 695JX UT WOS:000285367500356 ER PT J AU Thomashow, M Thomashow, M AF Thomashow, Mike Thomashow, Michael TI Plant Cold Acclimation Identifying Gene Regulons Involved in Freezing Tolerance SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Thomashow, Mike; Thomashow, Michael] Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2010 VL 46 SU S BP S78 EP S79 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 695JX UT WOS:000285367500174 ER PT J AU Prinz, M Kuepper, K Taubitz, C Raekers, M Khanra, S Biswas, B Weyhermuller, T Uhlarz, M Wosnitza, J Schnack, J Postnikov, AV Schroder, C George, SJ Neumann, M Chaudhuri, P AF Prinz, Manuel Kuepper, Karsten Taubitz, Christian Raekers, Michael Khanra, Sumit Biswas, Biplab Weyhermueller, Thomas Uhlarz, Marc Wosnitza, Joachim Schnack, Juergen Postnikov, Andrei V. Schroeder, Christian George, Simon J. Neumann, Manfred Chaudhuri, Phalguni TI A Star-Shaped Heteronuclear (CrMn3II)-Mn-III Species and Its Precise Electronic and Magnetic Structure: Spin Frustration Studied by X-Ray Spectroscopic, Magnetic, and Theoretical Methods SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-MOLECULE MAGNET; MN-II ION; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; ABSORPTION; COMPLEX; NANOMAGNETS; ANISOTROPY; CLUSTERS; LIGANDS; SYSTEMS AB Molecular magnets incorporate transition-metal ions with organic groups providing a bridge to mediate magnetic exchange interactions between the ions. Among them are star-shaped molecules in which antiferromagnetic couplings between the central and peripheral atoms are predominantly present. Those configurations lead to an appreciable spin moment in the nonfrustrated ground state. In spite of its topologically simple magnetic structure, the [(CrMn3II)-Mn-III(PyA)(6)Cl-3] (CrMn3) molecule, in which PyA represents the monoanion of syn-pyridine-2-aldoxime, exhibits nontrivial magnetic properties, which emerge from the combined action of single-ion anisotropy and frustration. In the present work, we elucidate the underlying electronic and magnetic properties of the heteronuclear, spin-frustrated CrMn3 molecule by applying X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), as well as magnetization measurements in high magnetic fields, density functional theory, and ligand-field multiplet calculations. Quantum-model calculations based on a Heisenberg Hamiltonian augmented with local anisotropic terms enable us not only to improve the accuracy of the exchange interactions but also to determine the dominant local anisotropies. A discussion of the various spin Hamiltonian parameters not only leads to a validation of our element selective transition metal L edge XMCD spin moments at a magnetic field of 5 T and a temperature of 5 K but also allows us to monitor an interesting effect of anisotropy and frustration of the manganese and chromium ions. C1 [Prinz, Manuel; Taubitz, Christian; Raekers, Michael; Neumann, Manfred] Univ Osnabruck, Dept Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. [Kuepper, Karsten] Forschungszentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Inst Ionenstrahlphys & Mat Forsch, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. [Khanra, Sumit; Biswas, Biplab; Weyhermueller, Thomas; Chaudhuri, Phalguni] Max Planck Inst Bioanorgan Chem, D-45470 Mulheim, Germany. [Schnack, Juergen] Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. [Postnikov, Andrei V.] Paul Verlaine Univ, Lab Phys Milieux Denses, Inst Jean Barriol, F-57078 Metz, France. [Schroeder, Christian] Univ Appl Sci Bielefeld, Dept Engn Sci & Math, D-33602 Bielefeld, Germany. [George, Simon J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Biol & Environm Xray Facil, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neumann, M (reprint author), Univ Osnabruck, Dept Phys, Barbarastr 7, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. EM mneumann@uos.de; chaudh@mpi-muelheim.mpg.de RI Schnack, Jurgen/A-4079-2008; Weyhermuller, Thomas/G-6730-2012; Kupper, Karsten/G-1397-2016 OI Schnack, Jurgen/0000-0003-0702-2723; Weyhermuller, Thomas/0000-0002-0399-7999; FU Graduate College; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; German Research Council (DFG) [FOR 945] FX E. Arenholz and J. D. Denlinger are acknowledged for excellent technical support. We would like to thank Joris van Slageren for discussing anisotropy issues with us and for drawing our attention to recent publications on Mn(II) anisotropies. Financial support by the Graduate College and the PhD program (Lower Saxony) is gratefully acknowledged. A.V.P. acknowledges the use of computing resources of the PMMS of the Paul Verlaine University. Part of the work was performed at the Advanced Light Source (A.L.S.), which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098.; Financial Support from the German Research Council (DFG) in the priority program "Molecular Magnetism" as well as through the research group FOR 945 is also thankfully acknowledged. NR 74 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 5 BP 2093 EP 2102 DI 10.1021/ic9012119 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 556XI UT WOS:000274626200014 PM 20108916 ER PT J AU Trovitch, RJ Guo, N Janicke, MT Li, HB Marshall, CL Miller, JT Sattelberger, AP John, KD Baker, RT AF Trovitch, Ryan J. Guo, Neng Janicke, Michael T. Li, Hongbo Marshall, Christopher L. Miller, Jeffrey T. Sattelberger, Alfred P. John, Kevin D. Baker, R. Thomas TI Spectroscopic Characterization of Alumina-Supported Bis(allyl)iridium Complexes: Site-Isolation, Reactivity, and Decomposition Studies SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY; XPCP PINCER COMPLEXES; TRANSFER DEHYDROGENATION; ALKANE DEHYDROGENATION; OLEFIN METATHESIS; IRIDIUM COMPLEXES; MESOPOROUS SILICA; ENANTIOSELECTIVE HYDROGENATION; POLYMERIZATION CATALYSTS; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS AB The covalent attachment of tris(allyl)iridium to partially dehydroxylated gamma-alumina is found to proceed via surface hydroxyl group protonation of one allyl ligand to form an immobilized bis(allyl)iridium moiety, (=AlO)Ir(allyl)(2), as characterized by CP-MAS (13)C NMR, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and Ir L(3) edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) measurements taken on unsupported Ir(allyl)(3) and several associated tertiary phosphine addition complexes suggest that the eta(3)-allyl ligands generally account for an Ir-C coordination number of 2 rather than 3, with an average Ir-C distance of 2.16 angstrom. Using this knowledge, combined EXAFS and X-ray absorption near-edge structure studies reveal that a small amount of Ir(0) is also formed upon reaction of Ir(allyl)(3) with the surface. It was found that the addition of either 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide or carbon monoxide to the supported complex allows spectroscopic identification of the supported bis(allyl)iridium complexes, (=AlO)Ir(allyl)(2)(CNAr) [Ar=2,6-(CH(3))(2)C(6)H(4)] and (=AlO)Ir(allyl)(2)(CO)(2), respectively. Although samples of the supported bis(allyl)iridium complex are active for the dehydrogenation of cyclohexane to benzene at temperatures between 180 and 220 degrees C, in situ temperature-programmed reaction XAFS and continuous-flow reactor studies suggest that Ir(0) nanoparticles, rather than a well-defined Ir(3+) complex, are responsible for the observed activity. C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Engn Directorate, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Trovitch, Ryan J.; Janicke, Michael T.; Li, Hongbo; John, Kevin D.; Baker, R. Thomas] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Guo, Neng; Marshall, Christopher L.; Miller, Jeffrey T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Baker, R. Thomas] Univ Ottawa, Ctr Catalysis Res & Innovat, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Baker, R. Thomas] Univ Ottawa, Dept Chem, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Engn Directorate, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM asattelberger@anl.gov; kjohn@lanl.gov; rbaker@uottawa.ca RI Guo, Neng/A-3223-2013; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Marshall, Christopher/D-1493-2015; OI Marshall, Christopher/0000-0002-1285-7648; Janicke, Michael/0000-0002-3139-2882; John, Kevin/0000-0002-6181-9330 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC5206NA25396]; Department of Energy; MRCAT member institutions; National Science Foundation Division of Materials Research FX We thank the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, for financial Support through the Catalysis Science Program. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was also supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. MRCAT (Sector 10) operations are supported by the Department of Energy and the MRCAT member institutions. The collection of XAFS data was also carried out at the XOR Beamlines (Sector 9), which are supported in part by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy and by the National Science Foundation Division of Materials Research. We thank Drs. Jeremy Kropf and Trudy Bolin for assistance with the collection of XAFS measurements and Brandy Duran for conducting ICP-MS experiments. We are also grateful to Drs. Worajit Setthapun and Weiling Deng for helpful discussions involving the continuous flow reactor studies. LANL is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC5206NA25396. NR 67 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 5 BP 2247 EP 2258 DI 10.1021/ic9021036 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 556XI UT WOS:000274626200030 PM 20112918 ER PT J AU Escuer, A Esteban, J Aliaga-Alcalde, N Font-Bardia, M Calvet, T Roubeau, O Teat, SJ AF Escuer, Albert Esteban, Jordi Aliaga-Alcalde, Nuria Font-Bardia, Merce Calvet, Teresa Roubeau, Olivier Teat, Simon J. TI First Structural and Magnetic Studies of Ni Clusters Containing 2,6-Diacetylpyridine-dioxime as a Ligand SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MANGANESE CARBOXYLATE CHEMISTRY; 2-PYRIDYL KETONE OXIME; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; X-RAY; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; OXIDATION-STATES; INORGANIC ANION; PYRIDYL OXIMES; COMPLEXES; DIOXIME AB In the present work, coordination possibilities of the system dapdoH(2)/Ni(2+), being dapdoH(2)=2,6-diacetylpyridine dioxime, have been explored, offering as a result a number of unprecedented clusters with a variety of topologies and magnetic behaviors. Depending on the precursors and reaction conditions, several compounds named [Ni(2)(dapdO)(2)] (1), [Ni(3)(OH)(BzO)(3)(dapdo)(dapdoH(2))(H(2)O)]center dot 1.25H(2)O (2), [Ni(3)(AcO)(4)(dapdoH)(2)(H(2)O)(2)]center dot H(2)O (3), and [Ni(4)(ACO)(3)(dapdo)(dapdoH)(2)(H(2)O)(3)]center dot(AcO)center dot 3H(2)O (4) were achieved and structurally well-characterized. Dc magnetic measurements were carried out in the 2-300 K range revealing antiferromagnetic interactions for (2-4) compounds and diamagnetic response for the square planar coordinated complex (1). C1 [Escuer, Albert; Esteban, Jordi] Univ Barcelona IN2UB, Dept Quim, Barcelona 08028, Spain. [Escuer, Albert; Esteban, Jordi] Univ Barcelona IN2UB, Inst Nanociencia & Nanotecnol, Barcelona 08028, Spain. [Aliaga-Alcalde, Nuria] Univ Barcelona, ICREA, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Aliaga-Alcalde, Nuria] Univ Barcelona, Dept Quim Inorgan, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Font-Bardia, Merce; Calvet, Teresa] Univ Barcelona, Dept Mineral & Crystalog, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Roubeau, Olivier] Univ Zaragoza, CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. [Teat, Simon J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Escuer, A (reprint author), Univ Barcelona IN2UB, Dept Quim, Marti I Franques 1-11, Barcelona 08028, Spain. EM albert.escuer@ub.edu RI Aliaga-Alcalde, Nuria/H-5886-2011; Escuer, Albert/L-4706-2014; Calvet, Teresa/M-3836-2014; Roubeau, Olivier/A-6839-2010 OI Aliaga-Alcalde, Nuria/0000-0003-1080-3862; Escuer, Albert/0000-0002-6274-6866; Calvet, Teresa/0000-0002-4058-7171; Roubeau, Olivier/0000-0003-2095-5843 FU CICYT [CTQ2009-07264]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the CICYT Projects CTQ2009-07264. We acknowledge provision of time at the Advanced Light Source, which Is by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 48 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 5 BP 2259 EP 2266 DI 10.1021/ic9020965 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 556XI UT WOS:000274626200031 PM 20102165 ER PT J AU Bugaris, DE Copping, R Tyliszczak, T Shuh, DK Ibers, JA AF Bugaris, Daniel E. Copping, Roy Tyliszczak, Tolek Shuh, David K. Ibers, James A. TI La2U2Se9: An Ordered Lanthanide/Actinide Chalcogenide with a Novel Structure Type SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE SPECIFIC-HEAT; TERNARY URANIUM CHALCOGENIDES; INFINITE ANIONIC CHAINS; X-RAY MICROSCOPY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MIXED URANIUM; SULFIDE; SE AB The compound La2U2Se9 was obtained in high yield from the stoichiometric reaction of the elements in an Sb2Se3 flux at 1123 K. The compound, which crystallizes in a new structure type in space group Pmma of the orthorhombic system, has a three-dimensional structure with alternating U/Se and La/Se layers attached via three independent, infinite polyselenide chains. The U atom has a monocapped square antiprismatic coordination of Se atoms, whereas one La atom is bicapped square prismatic and the other La atom is trigonal prismatic. La2U2Se9 displays an antiferromagnetic transition at T-N = 5 K; above 50 K, the paramagnetic behavior can be fit to the Curie-Weiss law, yielding a mu(eff) of 3.10(1) mu(B)/U. The low-temperature specific heat of La2U2Se9 exhibits no anomalous behavior near the Neel temperature that might indicate long-range magnetic ordering or a phase transition. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra have confirmed the assignment of formal oxidation states of +III for lanthanum and +IV for uranium in La2U2Se9. C1 [Bugaris, Daniel E.; Ibers, James A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Copping, Roy; Shuh, David K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tyliszczak, Tolek] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ibers, JA (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM ibers@chem.northwestern.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [ER-15522, DE-AC02-05CH 11231]; National Science Foundation [DMR05-20513]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program FX This research (D.E.B., J.A.I.) was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Biosciences, and Geosciences Division and Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering Grant ER-15522. Magnetism and specific heat were measured at the Northwestern University Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Magnet and Low Temperature Facility, supported by the National Science Foundation (DMR05-20513). Parts of this work (T.T., D.K.S.) and thle ALS were supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences and by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences of the U.S. Department of Energy at LBNL under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH 11231. R.C. was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at LBNL. NR 79 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 5 BP 2568 EP 2575 DI 10.1021/ic902503n PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 556XI UT WOS:000274626200066 PM 20136071 ER PT J AU Einstein, DR Del Pin, F Jiao, XM Kuprat, AP Carson, JP Kunzelman, KS Cochran, RP Guccione, JM Ratcliffe, MB AF Einstein, Daniel R. Del Pin, Facundo Jiao, Xiangmin Kuprat, Andrew P. Carson, James P. Kunzelman, Karyn S. Cochran, Richard P. Guccione, Julius M. Ratcliffe, Mark B. TI Fluid-structure interactions of the mitral valve and left heart: Comprehensive strategies, past, present and future SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE biofluid-structure interactions; ischemic mitral regurgitation; imaging-based finite element models ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; LEFT-VENTRICULAR WALL; IN-VITRO QUANTIFICATION; AORTIC-VALVE; PAPILLARY-MUSCLE; SHEAR-STRESS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS AB The remodeling that occurs after a posterolateral myocardial infarction can alter mitral valve function by creating conformational abnormalities in the mitral annulus and in the posteromedial papillary muscle, leading to mitral regurgitation (MR). It is generally assumed that this remodeling is caused by a volume load and is mediated by an increase in diastolic wall stress. Thus, MR can be both the cause and effect of an abnormal cardiac stress environment. Computational modeling of ischemic MR and its surgical correction is attractive because it enables an examination of whether a given intervention addresses the correction of regurgitation (fluid-flow) at the cost of abnormal tissue stress. This is significant because the negative effects of an increased wall stress due to the intervention will only be evident over time. However, a meaningful fluid structure interaction (FSI) model of the left heart is not trivial; it requires a careful characterization of the in vivo cardiac geometry, the tissue parameterization through inverse analysis, a robust coupled solver that handles collapsing Lagrangian interfaces, the automatic grid-generation algorithms that are capable of accurately discretizing the cardiac geometry, the innovations in image analysis, the competent and efficient constitutive models and an understanding of the spatial organization of tissue microstructure. In this paper, we profile our work toward a comprehensive FSI model of the left heart by reviewing our early work, presenting our current work and laying out our future work in four broad categories: data collection, geometry, FSI and validation. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Einstein, Daniel R.; Kuprat, Andrew P.; Carson, James P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Del Pin, Facundo] Livermore Software Technol Corp, Livermore, CA USA. [Jiao, Xiangmin] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Kunzelman, Karyn S.] Univ Maine, Dept Mech Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Cochran, Richard P.] Cent Maine Heart & Vasc Inst, Lewiston, ME USA. [Guccione, Julius M.; Ratcliffe, Mark B.] San Francisco VA Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Einstein, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM daniel.einstein@pnl.gov OI Kuprat, Andrew/0000-0003-4159-918X; Jiao, Xiangmin/0000-0002-7111-9813 FU National Heart and Blood Institute [5R01HL077921-03, 1R01HL084431-01A1, 1RO1-HL073598-01A] FX Contract/grant sponsor: National Heart and Blood Institute; contract/grant numbers: 5R01HL077921-03, 1R01HL084431-01A1, 1RO1-HL073598-01A NR 120 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 15 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 2040-7939 J9 INT J NUMER METH BIO JI Int. J. Numer. Meth. Biomed. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 348 EP 380 DI 10.1002/cnm.1280 PG 33 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 586HR UT WOS:000276897700007 PM 20454531 ER PT J AU Jantzen, CM Brown, KG Pickett, JB AF Jantzen, Carol M. Brown, Kevin G. Pickett, John B. TI Durable Glass for Thousands of Years SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED GLASS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-WASTE GLASS; SPINEL-NEPHELINE LIQUIDUS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; DISSOLUTION KINETICS; CHEMICAL DURABILITY; ALUMINOSILICATE DISSOLUTION; RADIOACTIVE-WASTE; ROCK INTERACTIONS; VITREOUS SILICA; SURFACE-LAYERS AB The durability of natural glasses on geological time scales and ancient glasses for thousands of years is well documented. The necessity to predict the durability of high-level nuclear waste (HLW) glasses on extended time scales has led to various thermodynamic and kinetic approaches. Advances in the measurement of medium-range order in glasses has led to the understanding that the molecular structure of a glass, and thus the glass composition, controls the glass durability by establishing the distribution of ion exchange sites, hydrolysis sites, and the access of water to those sites. During the early stages of glass dissolution, a "gel" layer resembling a membrane forms through which ions exchange between the glass and the leachant. The hydrated gel layer exhibits acid/base properties, which are manifested as the pH dependence of the thickness and nature of the gel layer. The gel layer ages into clay or zeolite minerals by Ostwald ripening. Zeolite mineral assemblages (higher pH and Al3+ rich glasses) may cause the dissolution rate to increase, which is undesirable for long-term performance of glass in the environment. Thermodynamic and structural approaches to the prediction of glass durability are compared versus Ostwald ripening. C1 [Jantzen, Carol M.; Brown, Kevin G.; Pickett, John B.] Savannah River Nucl Solut, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Jantzen, CM (reprint author), Savannah River Nucl Solut, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM carol.jantzen@srnl.doe.gov; pickettjohn@bellsouth.net FU Department of Energy [EM-50]; Savannah River DWPF; Tank Focus Area (TFA); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC09-96SR18500]; Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) [DE-AC09-96SR18500]; Savannah River National Laboratory [DE-AC09-08SR22470] FX This research was sponsored by the Department of Energy (EM-50), and the Savannah River DWPF, and the Tank Focus Area (TFA), in connection with work carries out under Contract No. DE-AC09-96SR18500 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Funding for the external publication was provided by the 2002 Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) sabbatical program under contract no. DE-AC09-96SR18500 and the Savannah River National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC09-08SR22470. The authors would also like to acknowledge the helpful suggestions of Dr. Wayne Burnham of the University of Arizona and discussions with Dr. Gordon E. Brown of the Stanford University about quasicrystalline melt theory and modeling. NR 154 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA ONE MONTGOMERY ST, SUITE 1200, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104 USA SN 2041-1286 J9 INT J APPL GLASS SCI JI Int. J. Appl. Glass Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 1 IS 1 SI SI BP 38 EP 62 DI 10.1111/j.2041-1294.2010.00007.x PG 25 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA V26BH UT WOS:000208520600006 ER PT J AU Salem, J Tandon, R AF Salem, J. Tandon, R. TI Test method variability in slow crack growth properties of sealing glasses SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE Glass; Ceramics; Crack growth; Fracture toughness; Connectors AB The crack growth properties of several sealing glasses were measured by using constant stress rate testing in similar to 2% and 95% RH (relative humidity). Crack growth parameters measured in high humidity are systematically smaller (n and B) than those measured in low humidity, and crack velocities for dry environments are similar to 100x lower than for wet environments. The crack velocity is very sensitivity to small changes in RH at low RH. Biaxial and uniaxial stress states produced similar parameters. Confidence intervals on crack growth parameters that were estimated from propagation of errors solutions were comparable to those from Monte Carlo simulation. Use of scratch-like and indentation flaws produced similar crack growth parameters when residual stresses were considered. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Salem, J.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Tandon, R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Salem, J (reprint author), NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. EM jonathan.a.salem@nasa.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD MAR PY 2010 VL 32 IS 3 BP 557 EP 564 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2009.07.018 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 606YS UT WOS:000278465700011 ER PT J AU Chen, W Boehlert, CJ Payzant, EA Howe, JY AF Chen, W. Boehlert, C. J. Payzant, E. A. Howe, J. Y. TI The effect of processing on the 455 degrees C tensile and fatigue behavior of boron-modified Ti-6Al-4V SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE Fatigue; Microstructure; Titanium; Boron; Tension ID TRANSFORMATION SUPERPLASTICITY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MATRIX COMPOSITES; TI COMPOSITES; MICROSTRUCTURE; TEXTURE; ALLOY; DEFORMATION; EVOLUTION; WORKING AB This work investigated the effect of nominal boron (B) additions of 0.1 wt.% and 1.0 wt.% on the elevated-temperature (455 degrees C) fatigue deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V (wt.%) for maximum applied stresses between 250 and 550 MPa (R = 0.1, 5 Hz). The alloys were evaluated in the as-cast condition as well as the cast-and-extruded condition. Boron additions resulted in a dramatic refinement of the as-cast grain size, and larger boron additions resulted in larger titanium-boride (TiB) phase volume percents. For the as-cast alloys, the B-containing alloys exhibited longer average fatigue lives than those for Ti-6Al-4V, which was suggested to be related to their increased strength and stiffness due to the addition of the strong and stiff TiB phase. The longest average fatigue lives were exhibited by the Ti-6Al-4V-0.1B alloy, which also exhibited the greatest elongation-to-failure value. The extrusions, which were performed in the beta-phase field, resulted in a significantly smaller grain size, a smaller alpha-colony size, and finer alpha-lath width compared to that for the as-cast B-modified alloys. The TiB whiskers were aligned in the extrusion direction and the alpha-phase was also strongly textured such that the basal plane was predominately oriented perpendicular to the extrusion axis. Together these microstructural features were responsible for the significantly higher 455 degrees C yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and fatigue strength exhibited by the cast-and-extruded alloys compared with the as-cast alloys. In the extruded condition, B-addition did not improve the tensile or fatigue strength. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, W.; Boehlert, C. J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Payzant, E. A.; Howe, J. Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 2527 Engn Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM chenwe11@egr.msu.edu RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009; Chen, Wei/C-1110-2011 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060; FU Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, US Department of Energy FX The authors are grateful to Dr. S. Tamirisakandala (FMW Composites, Inc.) and Dr. D.B. Miracle (Air Force Research Laboratory) for donating the material used in this study as well as their helpful technical support and guidance. The authors are also grateful to Dr. Stuart Wright of EDAX-TSL, Inc. for technical assistance with the EBSD acquisition and analysis. Some of this research work was performed at the ORNL SHaRE User Facility which is supported by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, US Department of Energy. In particular Mr. Larry Walker and Ms. Kathy Thomas are acknowledged for their technical assistance with the microprobe data collection and TEM sample preparation, respectively, and Dr. Edward Kenik is acknowledged for both technical assistance with the SEM and helpful suggestions with respect to revising the manuscript. The authors are also grateful to Mr. Jerome Lebouef, Mr. Derek Miller, and Mr. Bryan Kuhr of Michigan State University for their technical assistance. NR 36 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD MAR PY 2010 VL 32 IS 3 BP 627 EP 638 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2009.04.013 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 606YS UT WOS:000278465700020 ER PT J AU Vogler, T Ravi-Chandar, K AF Vogler, Tracy Ravi-Chandar, Krishnaswamy TI Special Issue: IUTAM Symposium on Dynamic Fracture and Fragmentation (PART I/II) Preface SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ravi-Chandar, Krishnaswamy] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Vogler, Tracy] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Ravi-Chandar, K (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM tjvogle@sandia.gov; kravi@mail.utexas.edu RI Ravi-Chandar, Krishnaswamy/D-9246-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 162 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1007/s10704-010-9509-2 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 612JG UT WOS:000278893300001 ER PT J AU Silling, S Weckner, O Askari, E Bobaru, F AF Silling, S. A. Weckner, O. Askari, E. Bobaru, F. TI Crack nucleation in a peridynamic solid SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IUTAM Symposium on Dynamic Fracture and Fragmentation CY MAR 08-12, 2009 CL Univ Texas, Austin, TX SP IUTAM HO Univ Texas DE Crack nucleation; Material stability; Peridynamic; Elasticity ID LONG-RANGE FORCES; STRAIN LOCALIZATION; ELASTOSTATICS; DEFORMATION; PROPAGATION; ELLIPTICITY; CONTINUUM; MECHANICS; BAR AB A condition for the emergence of a discontinuity in an elastic peridynamic body is proposed, resulting in a material stability condition for crack nucleation. The condition is derived by determining whether a small discontinuity in displacement, superposed on a possibly large deformation, grows over time. Stability is shown to be determined by the sign of the eigenvalues of a tensor field that depends only on the linearized material properties. This condition for nucleation of a discontinuity in displacement can be interpreted in terms of the dynamic stability of plane waves with very short wavelength. A numerical example illustrates that cracks in a peridynamic body form spontaneously as the body is loaded. C1 [Silling, S. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Weckner, O.; Askari, E.] Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. [Bobaru, F.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Silling, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sasilli@sandia.gov RI Bobaru, Florin/J-2167-2012 OI Bobaru, Florin/0000-0002-9954-6489 NR 27 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 162 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 219 EP 227 DI 10.1007/s10704-010-9447-z PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 612JG UT WOS:000278893300017 ER PT J AU Dooley, JJ Benson, S Karimjee, A Rubin, ES AF Dooley, James J. Benson, Sally Karimjee, Anhar Rubin, Edward S. TI Special Issue: The Ninth International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Benson, Sally] Stanford Univ, Global Climate & Energy Project, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Rubin, Edward S.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Dooley, JJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 3500, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM jj.dooley@pnl.gov RI Rubin, Edward/D-7629-2013; OI Dooley, James/0000-0002-2824-4344 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD MAR PY 2010 VL 4 IS 2 SI SI BP 111 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.ijggc.2009.12.002 PG 1 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 570WB UT WOS:000275707900001 ER PT J AU Klara, JM Plunkett, JE AF Klara, Julianne M. Plunkett, John E. TI The potential of advanced technologies to reduce carbon capture costs in future IGCC power plants SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE Carbon capture; Sequestration; Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC); Carbon dioxide (CO(2)); Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS); Advanced technologies AB Over the next two decades, our nation will need to add a substantial amount of new power generation capacity. The possibility of more stringent environmental regulations for greenhouse gas emissions in the utility sector has provided a window of opportunity for integrated gasification combined cycles (IGCCs) equipped with carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) to participate significantly in this expansion. This paper analyzes several advanced technologies under development in the Department of Energy (DOE) research and development (R&D) portfolio that have the potential to improve process efficiency. reduce capital and operating expense, and increase plant availability resulting in a significant reduction in the cost of electricity for plants that capture carbon. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Klara, Julianne M.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Plunkett, John E.] Noblis, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. RP Klara, JM (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RI daorui, han/G-3767-2011 NR 4 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD MAR PY 2010 VL 4 IS 2 SI SI BP 112 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.ijggc.2009.10.006 PG 7 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 570WB UT WOS:000275707900002 ER PT J AU Crow, W Carey, JW Gasda, S Williams, DB Celia, M AF Crow, Walter Carey, J. William Gasda, Sarah Williams, D. Brian Celia, Michael TI Wellbore integrity analysis of a natural CO2 producer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE CO2 storage; Well integrity; Cement barrier; Cement capillary pressure; Effective permeability; Vertical interference test; Cement mineralogy ID LEAKY WELLS; PRESSURE; CEMENT; MODEL AB Long-term integrity Of existing wells in a CO2-rich environment is essential for ensuring that geological sequestration Of CO2 will be an effective technology for mitigating greenhouse gas-induced climate change The potential for wellbore leakage depends in part on the quality of the original construction as well as geochemical and geomechanical stresses that occur over its life-cycle Field data are essential for assessing the integrated effect of these factors and their impact on wellbore integrity, defined as the maintenance of isolation between subsurface intervals. In this report, we investigate a 30-year-old well from a natural CO2 production reservoir using a suite of downhole and laboratory tests to characterize isolation performance These tests included mineralogical and hydrological characterization of 10 core samples of casing/cement/formation, wireline surveys to evaluate well conditions, fluid samples and an in situ permeability test We find evidence for CO2 migration in the occurrence of carbonated cement and calculate that the effective permeability of an 11'-region of the wellbore barrier system was between 0 5 and 1 milliDarcy Despite these observations, we find that the amount of fluid migration along the wellbore was probably small because of several factors the amount of carbonation decreased with distance from the reservoir, cement permeability was low (0 3-30 microDarcy), the cement-casing and cement-formation interfaces were tight, the casing was not corroded, fluid samples lacked CO2, and the pressure gradient between reservoir and caprock was maintained We conclude that the barrier system has ultimately performed well over the last 3 decades. These results will be used as part of a broader effort to develop a long-term predictive Simulation tool to assess wellbore integrity performance In CO2 storage sites (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Crow, Walter; Williams, D. Brian] BP Alternat Energy, Storage CO2, Houston, TX 77079 USA. [Carey, J. William] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Gasda, Sarah] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Celia, Michael] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Crow, W (reprint author), BP Alternat Energy, Storage CO2, 501 Westlake Pk Blvd, Houston, TX 77079 USA. RI Carey, James/B-4421-2011 NR 23 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD MAR PY 2010 VL 4 IS 2 SI SI BP 186 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.ijggc.2009.10.010 PG 12 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 570WB UT WOS:000275707900013 ER PT J AU Rutqvist, J Vasco, DW Myer, L AF Rutqvist, Jonny Vasco, Donald W. Myer, Larry TI Coupled reservoir-geomechanical analysis of CO2 injection and ground deformations at In Salah, Algeria SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE Geological CO2 sequestration; In Salah; Geomechanics; Ground surface deformations; Modeling; InSAR ID FLUID-FLOW AB In Salah Gas Project in Algeria has been injecting 0 5-1 million tonnes CO2 per year over the past 5 years into a water-filled strata at a depth of about 1800-1900 m. Unlike Most CO2 storage sites, the permeability of the storage formation is relatively low and comparatively thin with a thickness of about 20 in To ensure adequate CO2 flow-rates across the low-permeability sand-face, the In Salah Gas Project decided to use long-reach (about 1-1 5 kill) horizontal injection wells In an ongoing research project we use field data and Coupled reservoir-geomechanical numerical modeling to assess the effectiveness of this approach and to investigate monitoring techniques to evaluate the performance Of a CO2 injection operation in relatively low-permeability formations. Among the field data used are ground surface deformations evaluated from recently acquired satellite-based inferrometry (InSAR) The InSAR data shows a surface uplift Oil the order of 5 mm per year above active CO2 injection wells and the uplift pattern extends several kill from the injection wells In this paper We use the observed Surface uplift to constrain our coupled reservoir-geomechanical model and conduct sensitivity studies to investigate potential causes and mechanisms of the observed uplift The results of our analysis indicate that most of the observed uplift magnitude call be explained by pressure-induced, poro-elastic expansion of the 20-m-thick injection zone, but there could also be a significant contribution from pressure-induced deformations within a 100-m-thick zone of shaly sands immediately above the injection zone Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Rutqvist, Jonny; Vasco, Donald W.; Myer, Larry] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rutqvist, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015; Vasco, Donald/I-3167-2016; Vasco, Donald/G-3696-2015 OI Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785; Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628; Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628 NR 19 TC 140 Z9 144 U1 3 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD MAR PY 2010 VL 4 IS 2 SI SI BP 225 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.ijggc.2009.10.017 PG 6 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 570WB UT WOS:000275707900017 ER PT J AU Schaef, HT McGrail, BP Owen, AT AF Schaef, H. T. McGrail, B. P. Owen, A. T. TI Carbonate mineralization of volcanic province basalts SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE Geologic sequestration; Mineralization; Carbonate precipitation ID DISSOLUTION RATES; GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION; GLASS DISSOLUTION; CO2 SEQUESTRATION; DIOXIDE; PH; WATER; GAS; CONSEQUENCES; 25-DEGREES-C AB Flood basalts are receiving increasing attention as possible host formations for geologic sequestration of anthropogenic CO2, with studies underway in the United States, India, Iceland. and Canada Basalts from the United States, India, and South Africa were reacted with aqueous dissolved CO2 and aqueous dissolved CO2-H2S Mixtures under supercritical CO2 (scCO(2)) conditions to study the geochemical reactions resulting from injection Of CO2 in such formations Despite the basalt samples having similar bulk chemical composition, mineralogy and dissolution kinetics, long-term static experiments show significant differences in rates of mineralization as well as compositions and morphologies of precipitates that form when the basalts are reacted with CO2 and CO2-H2S mixtures in water For example, basalt from the Newark Basin in the United States was by far the most reactive of any basalt tested to date Reacted grains from the Newark Basin basalt appeared severely weathered and contained extensive carbonate precipitates with significant Fe content In comparison, the post-reacted samples associated with the Columbia River basalts from the United States contained calcite grains with classic "dogtooth spar" morphology and trace cation Substitution (Mg and Mn) Carbonation of the other basalts produced precipitates with compositions that varied chemically throughout the entire testing period The Karoo basalt from South Africa appeared the least reactive, with very limited mineralization occurring during the testing With CO2-saturated water Compositional differences in the precipitates suggest changes in fluid chemistry unique to the dissolution behavior of each basalt sample reacted with CO2-saturated water. No convincing correlations were identified between basalt reactivity and differences in bulk composition, mineralogy, glassy mesostasis quantity or composition Moreover, the relative reactivity of different basalt samples was unexpectedly different in the experiments conducted with aqueous dissolved CO2-H2S mixtures versus those with CO2 only For example, the Karoo basalt was highly reactive in the presence of aqueous dissolved CO2-H2S. as evident by nodules of carbonate coating the basalt grains after 181 days of resting. However, the most reactive basalt in CO2-H2O, Newark Basin, formed only iron sulfide coatings in tests with a CO2-H2S mixture, which inhibited carbonate mineralization (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved C1 [Schaef, H. T.; McGrail, B. P.; Owen, A. T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Appl Geol & Geochem Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Schaef, HT (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Appl Geol & Geochem Dept, POB 999,902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 46 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 EI 1878-0148 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD MAR PY 2010 VL 4 IS 2 SI SI BP 249 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.ijggc.2009.10.009 PG 13 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 570WB UT WOS:000275707900020 ER PT J AU Carey, JW Svec, R Grigg, R Zhang, JS Crow, W AF Carey, J. William Svec, Robert Grigg, Reid Zhang, Jinsuo Crow, Walter TI Experimental investigation of wellbore integrity and CO2-brine flow along the casing-cement microannulus SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE Carbon sequestration; Portland cement; Corrosion; Casing; Carbonation ID GEOLOGIC SEQUESTRATION CONDITIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE CORROSION; CO2; STEEL; OIL; MODEL AB Wellbore integrity is one of the key performance criteria in the geological storage of CO2. It is significant in any proposed storage site but may be critical to the suitability of depleted oil and gas reservoirs that may have 10's to 1 000's of abandoned wells Much previous work has focused on Portland cement which is the primary material used to seal wellbore systems This work has emphasized the potential dissolution of Portland cement. However, an increasing number of field studies (e g., Carey et al., 2007), experimental studies (e.g, Kutchko et al.. 2006) and theoretical considerations indicate that the most significant leakage mechanism is likely to be flow Of CO2 along the casing-cement microannulus, cement-cement fractures, or the cement-caprock interface. In this Study, we investigate the casing-cement microannulus through core-flood experiments The experiments were conducted on a synthetic wellbore system consisting of a 5-cm diameter sample of cement that was cured with an embedded rectangular length of steel casing that had grooves to accommodate fluid flow The experiments were conducted at 40 degrees C and 14 MPa pore pressure for 394 h. During the experiment, 6.2 1 of a 50 50 mixture of supercritical CO2 and 30,000 ppm NaCl-rich brine flowed through 10-cm of limestone before flowing through the 6-cm length cement-casing wellbore system Approximately 59,000 pore volumes of fluid moved through the casing-cement grooves Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the CO2-brine mixture impacted both the casing and the cement. The Portland cement was carbonated to depths of 50-250 mu m by a diffusion-dominated process. There was very little evidence for mass loss or erosion of the Portland cement. By contrast, the steel casing reacted to form abundant precipitates of mixed calcium and iron carbonate that lined the channels and in one case almost completely filled a channel The depth of steel corroded was estimated at 25- 30 mu m and was similar in value to results obtained with a simplified corrosion model The experimental results were applied to field observations of carbonated wellbore cement by Carey etal. (2007) and Crow etal. (2009) to show that carbonation of the field samples was not accompanied by significant CO2-brine flow at the casing-cement interface The sensitivity of standard-grade steel casing to corrosion suggests that relatively straight-forward wireline logging of external casing corrosion Could be used as a useful indicator of flow behind casing. These experiments also reinforce other studies that indicate rates of Portland cement deterioration are slow, even in the high-flux CO2-brine experiments reported here. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved C1 [Carey, J. William; Zhang, Jinsuo] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Svec, Robert; Grigg, Reid] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Crow, Walter] BP Alternat Energy, Houston, TX 77002 USA. RP Carey, JW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, MS D462,SM-30 Bikini Atoll Rd, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Carey, James/B-4421-2011; Zhang, Jinsuo/H-4717-2012 OI Zhang, Jinsuo/0000-0002-3412-7769 NR 19 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD MAR PY 2010 VL 4 IS 2 SI SI BP 272 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.ijggc.2009.09.018 PG 11 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 570WB UT WOS:000275707900022 ER PT J AU Wise, M Kyle, GP Dooley, JJ Kim, SH AF Wise, Marshall Kyle, G. Page Dooley, James J. Kim, Son H. TI The impact of electric passenger transport technology under an economy-wide climate policy in the United States: Carbon dioxide emissions, coal use, and carbon dioxide capture and storage SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles; Climate change; Carbon dioxide capture and storage AB Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have the potential to be an economic means of reducing direct (or tailpipe) carbon dioxide (CO(2)) emissions from the transportation sector However, without a Climate policy that places a limit on CO(2) emissions from the electric generation sector, the net impact of widespread deployment of PFIEVs on overall US CO(2) emissions is not as clear. A comprehensive analysis must consider jointly the transportation and electricity sectors. along with feedbacks to the rest of the energy system. In this paper, we use the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's MiniCAM model to perform an integrated economic analysis of the penetration of PFIEVs and the resulting impact oil total U.S. CO(2) emissions. In MiniCAM, the deployment of PHEVs(or any technology) is determined based on its relative economics compared to all other methods of providing fuels and energy carriers to serve passenger transportation demands Under the assumptions used in this analysis where PHEVs obtain 50-60% of the market for passenger automobiles and light-duty trucks, the ability to deploy PHEVs under the two climate policies modelled here results in over 400 million tons (MT) CO(2). per year of additional cost-effective emissions reductions from the U S economy by 2050 In addition to investments in nuclear and renewables, one of the key technology options for mitigating emissions in the electric sector is CO(2) capture and storage (CCS) The additional demand for geologic CO(2) storage created by the introduction of the PFIEVs is relatively modest approximately equal to the cumulative geologic CO(2) storage demanded by two to three large 1000 megawatt (MW) coal-fired power plants using CCS over a 50-year period The introduction of PHEVs into the U.S transportation sector. coupled with climate policies such as those examined here, could also reduce U.S demand for oil by 20-30% by 2050 compared to today's levels (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved C1 [Wise, Marshall; Kyle, G. Page; Dooley, James J.; Kim, Son H.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Wise, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 3500, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. OI Dooley, James/0000-0002-2824-4344 NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD MAR PY 2010 VL 4 IS 2 SI SI BP 301 EP 308 DI 10.1016/j.ijggc.2009.09.003 PG 8 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 570WB UT WOS:000275707900025 ER PT J AU Dooley, JJ Trabucchi, C Patton, L AF Dooley, James J. Trabucchi, Chiara Patton, Lindene TI Design considerations for financing a national trust to advance the deployment of geologic CO2 storage and motivate best practices SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE Carbon dioxide capture and storage; Long-term CO2 storage integrity; Liability risk management; Financial responsibility; Tipping fee; Trust fund AB This paper explores how the widely held public policy view of the evolution of the risk profile associated with geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) storage profoundly influences the public policy dialogue about how to best address the long-term risk profile for geologic storage. Evidence emerging from research and pilot scale field demonstrations Of CO2 storage demonstrates that, with proper site characterization and sound operating practices. retention of stored CO2 Will increase with time thus invalidating the premise of an ever growing risk The authors focus on key Issues of fit, interplay, and scalability associated with the ability of a trust fund funded by a hypothetical $1 per tonCO(2) tipping fee for each ton of CO2 stored in the United States under WRE450 and WRE550 climate policies to manage such risks in an economically efficient and environmentally effective manner. The authors conclude there is no intrinsic value - in terms of risk management or risk reduction - in creating a trust fund predicated solely on collecting a universally applied tipping fee that does not take into account site-specific risk profiles if left to grow unchecked. a trust fund that is predicated on a constant stream of payments unrelated to each contributing site's risk profile could result in the accumulation of hundreds of billions to more than a trillion dollars contributing to significant opportunity Cost of capital Further. rather than mitigating the financial consequences of long-term CCS risks. this analysis suggests a blanket $1 per tonCO(2) tipping fee, if combined with a concomitant limitation of liability may increase the probability and frequency of long-term risk by eliminating financial incentives for sound operating behavior and site selection criteria-contribute to moral hazard At a minimum, effective use of a trust fund requires (1) strong oversight regarding site selection and fund management, and (2) a clear process by which the fund is periodically Valued and funds collected are mapped to the risk profile of the pool of covered CCS sites. Without appropriate checks and balances. there is no a prion reason to believe that the amount of funds held in trust will map to the actual amount of funds needed to address long-term care expenses and delimited compensatory damages For this reason, the authors conclude that financing a trust fund or other risk management instrument should be based on a site delimited estimate of potential future expected financial consequences rather than oil the random adoption of a fixed funding stream, e g, a blanket $1 per ton. because it "sounds" reasonable (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Dooley, James J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Trabucchi, Chiara] Ind Econ Inc, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. [Patton, Lindene] Zurich Financial Serv, CH-8022 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Dooley, JJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 5825 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. OI Dooley, James/0000-0002-2824-4344 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD MAR PY 2010 VL 4 IS 2 SI SI BP 381 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.ijggc.2009.09.009 PG 7 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 570WB UT WOS:000275707900033 ER PT J AU Malone, EL Dooley, JJ Bradbury, JA AF Malone, Elizabeth L. Dooley, James J. Bradbury, Judith A. TI Moving from misinformation derived from public attitude surveys on carbon dioxide capture and storage towards realistic stakeholder involvement SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE Stakeholder involvement; Public involvement; Carbon dioxide capture and storage; CCS; Surveys ID GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; PEOPLE KNOW; ENERGY AB Stakeholder involvement (SI) can include many activities, from providing information oil a website to one-on-one conversations with people confronting an Issue in their community For carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS). there are now quite a few surveys of public attitudes towards CCS that are being used to inform the design of SI efforts These surveys, focused on the nascent commercial deployment of CCS technologies, have demonstrated that the general Public has little knowledge about CCS-yet the surveys go on to collect what are known as "pseudo opinions" or "non-attitudes" of respondents who know little or nothing about CCS Beyond establishing the lack of knowleclge about CCS, the results of these surveys should not be relied upon by the larger CCS community and public and private decision makers to inform the critical task of implementing and executing SI activities The paper discusses the issues involved in providing information as part of the survey, maintaining that Such information is never unbiased and thus tends to produce pseudo opinions that reflect the pollster's or researcher's bias Other content and methodological issues are discussed. leading to the conclusion that most of the Survey results should be used neither as a gauge of public attitudes nor as ail indication of public acceptance Then the framing of SI in CCS is examined, including the assumptions that clear stakeholder acceptance is a realistic goal and that the public has a decisive say in choosing the energy technologies of the present and the future. Finally, a broader suite of SI activities is recommended as more suited to realistic and contextual goals (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved. C1 [Malone, Elizabeth L.; Dooley, James J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Bradbury, Judith A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Malone, EL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 3500, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. OI Dooley, James/0000-0002-2824-4344 NR 44 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD MAR PY 2010 VL 4 IS 2 SI SI BP 419 EP 425 DI 10.1016/j.ijggc.2009.09.004 PG 7 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 570WB UT WOS:000275707900037 ER PT J AU Ferrandon, MS Lewis, MA Alvarez, F Shafirovich, E AF Ferrandon, Magali S. Lewis, Michele A. Alvarez, Francisco Shafirovich, Evgeny TI Hydrolysis of CuCl2 in the Cu-Cl thermochemical cycle for hydrogen production: Experimental studies using a spray reactor with an ultrasonic atomizer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Thermochemical cycle; Cu-Cl cycle; Hydrogen production; Hydrolysis; Spray reactor ID TECHNOLOGIES AB The Cu-Cl thermochemical cycle is being developed as a hydrogen production method Prior proof-of-concept experimental work has shown that the chemistry is viable while preliminary modeling has shown that the efficiency and cost of hydrogen production have the potential to meet DOE's targets However, the mechanisms of CuCl2 hydrolysis, an important step in the Cu-Cl cycle, are not fully understood Although the stoichiometry of the hydrolysis reaction, 2CuCl(2) + H2O <-> Cu2OCl2 + 2HCl, indicates a necessary steam-to-CuCl2 molar ratio of 0.5, a ratio as high as 23 has been typically required to obtain near 100% conversion of the CuCl2 to the desired products at atmospheric pressure it is highly desirable to conduct this reaction with less excess steam to improve the process efficiency Per Le Chatelier's Principle and according to the available equilibrium-based model, the needed amount of steam can be decreased by conducting the hydrolysis reaction at a reduced pressure In the present work, the experimental setup was modified to allow CuCl2 hydrolysis in the pressure range of 0 4-1 atm Chemical and XRD analyses of the product compositions revealed the optimal steam-to-CuCl2 molar ratio to be 20-23 at 1 atm pressure. The experiments at 0 4 atm and 0 7 atm showed that it is possible to lower the steam-to-CuCl2 molar ratio to 15, while still obtaining good yields of the desired products An important effect of running the reaction at reduced pressure is the significant decrease of CuCl concentration in the solid products, which was not predicted by prior modeling Possible explanations based on kinetics and residence times are suggested Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu C1 [Ferrandon, Magali S.; Lewis, Michele A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Alvarez, Francisco; Shafirovich, Evgeny] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Mech Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Ferrandon, MS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U.S Department of Energy's Office of Nuclear Energy Science and Technology; University Research Institute; University of Texas at El Paso FX This work was supported by the Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative Program of the U.S Department of Energy's Office of Nuclear Energy Science and Technology Special thanks to Bob Evans from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for his advice on the ultrasonic nozzle and Donald Graczyk from the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory at ANL The research was performed, in part, at Argonne National Laboratory as a research participant in the FaST Program The program is administered by Argonne's Division of Educational Programs with funding provided by the U S Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation Evgeny Shafirovich was also supported by the University Research Institute and the University of Texas at El Paso NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD MAR PY 2010 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1895 EP 1904 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.12.034 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 569QD UT WOS:000275612000007 ER PT J AU Salazar-Villalpando, MD Berry, DA Cugini, A AF Salazar-Villalpando, Maria D. Berry, David A. Cugini, Anthony TI Role of lattice oxygen in the partial oxidation of methane over Rh/zirconia-doped ceria. Isotopic studies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Partial oxidation of methane; Oxygen isotopic exchange; Doped cena; Lattice oxygen; Rhodium ID CATALYTIC PARTIAL OXIDATION; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; SYNTHESIS GAS; NI CATALYSTS; SYNGAS; CEO2; ACTIVATION; EXCHANGE; MOBILITY; STORAGE AB Isotopic tracer and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) are used to probe the identity of oxygen for CO formation during the catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) of methane to synthesis gas on (18)O(2) labeled Rh (1 wt %)/(Ce(0 56)Zr(0 44))O(2-x) Results reveal that methane is selectively oxidized by lattice oxygen ions from the catalyst to form carbon monoxide. (18)O(2) isotopic exchange experiments, as a function of temperature in the 0-850 degrees C range, were performed on Rh (1 wt %)/(Ce(0 56)Zr(0 44))O(2-x), and (Ce(0 56)Zr(0 44))O(2-x) It was observed that the presence of rhodium considerably accelerates the oxygen exchange with the support, the maximal exchange rates could be observed at lower temperatures, 250 degrees C This may be due to oxygen spillover from the metal particles to the oxide Comparing results from the isotopic exchange experiments on Rh/gamma-alumina and Rh (1 wt %)/(Ce(0 56)Zr(0 44))O(2-x) It was revealed that oxygen conducting materials have a much higher oxygen storage capacity and isotopic exchange rate than non-oxygen conducting materials Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu C1 [Salazar-Villalpando, Maria D.; Berry, David A.; Cugini, Anthony] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Salazar-Villalpando, MD (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD MAR PY 2010 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1998 EP 2003 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.12.023 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 569QD UT WOS:000275612000017 ER PT J AU Papadias, DD Lee, SHD Ferrandon, M Ahmed, S AF Papadias, Dennis D. Lee, Sheldon H. D. Ferrandon, Magali Ahmed, Shabbir TI An analytical and experimental investigation of high-pressure catalytic steam reforming of ethanol in a hydrogen selective membrane reactor SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Ethanol steam reforming; High-pressure reforming; Hydrogen membrane reactor; Hydrogen from biofuels ID MC FUEL-CELL; NOBLE-METAL CATALYSTS; WATER-GAS SHIFT; H-2 PRODUCTION; NI/MGO CATALYSTS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; RH CATALYSTS; CO CATALYSTS; BIO-ETHANOL; NI AB The objective of this work was to explore the benefits of high-pressure steam reforming of ethanol for the production of hydrogen needed to refuel the high-pressure tanks of fuel cell (polymer electrolyte) vehicles This paper reports on the potential efficiency benefits and challenges of pressurized reforming and options for dealing with the challenges, it reports the results from experiments in a micro-reactor, followed by a modeling study of the reactor to project the dependence of the hydrogen yields on process parameters The experiments were conducted in the range of approximately 7-70 atm, 600-750 degrees C, steam-to-carbon molar ratios of 3-12, and gas hourly space velocities of 8500-83,000 per hour By placing a hydrogen-transporting palladium-alloy membrane within the catalyst zone, this study quantified the beneficial effect of hydrogen extraction from the reforming zone. The model was used to explore the parameter space to define the reactor and conditions that would be needed to approach the efficiency targets for distributed hydrogen production plants The results indicate that the tested catalyst was sufficiently active, and the hydrogen yield achieved with the experimental membrane reactor was limited by the low hydrogen flux of the tested membrane The reactor model predicts that a membrane with at least 20 times higher flux than currently evaluated would be sufficient to generate hydrogen yields to match efficiency targets of 72%. (C) 2009 Professor T Nejat Veziroglu Published by Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Papadias, Dennis D.; Lee, Sheldon H. D.; Ferrandon, Magali; Ahmed, Shabbir] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Papadias, DD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U S Department of Energy; UChicago Argonne, LLC [DE-AC-02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the U S Department of Energy's Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technologies Program. Argonne National Laboratory is managed for the U S Department of Energy by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract DE-AC-02-06CH11357. NR 41 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD MAR PY 2010 VL 35 IS 5 BP 2004 EP 2017 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.12.042 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 569QD UT WOS:000275612000018 ER PT J AU Carrillo, AC Thissen, J Olivas, J Pitz, K El Sheikh, M Harrel, B Hall, S Rasmussen, M Tammero, LB Lenhoff, R Arani, PN AF Carrillo, A. C. Thissen, J. Olivas, J. Pitz, K. El Sheikh, M. Harrel, B. Hall, S. Rasmussen, M. Tammero, L. Bentley Lenhoff, R. Arani, P. Naraghi TI Multiplexed diagnostic assays for detection of high consequence foreign and emerging animal disease SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Carrillo, A. C.; Thissen, J.; Olivas, J.; Pitz, K.; El Sheikh, M.; Harrel, B.; Hall, S.; Tammero, L. Bentley; Lenhoff, R.; Arani, P. Naraghi] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Rasmussen, M.] USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1201-9712 J9 INT J INFECT DIS JI Int. J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 14 SU 1 BP E373 EP E374 DI 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.451 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 578MQ UT WOS:000276298201411 ER PT J AU Hara, C Hiddessen, A Gardner, S Bailey, C AF Hara, C. Hiddessen, A. Gardner, S. Bailey, C. TI Short primers for amplification of diverse virus strains SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hara, C.; Gardner, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Hiddessen, A.] QuantaLife, Pleasanton, CA USA. [Bailey, C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Pleasanton, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1201-9712 J9 INT J INFECT DIS JI Int. J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 14 SU 1 BP E368 EP E368 DI 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.440 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 578MQ UT WOS:000276298201400 ER PT J AU Naraghi-Arani, P Bavari, S Gardner, S Jaing, C Thissen, J AF Naraghi-Arani, P. Bavari, S. Gardner, S. Jaing, C. Thissen, J. TI Identification of novel microRNA biomarkers of viral infection SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Naraghi-Arani, P.; Gardner, S.; Jaing, C.; Thissen, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Bavari, S.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1201-9712 J9 INT J INFECT DIS JI Int. J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 14 SU 1 BP E364 EP E364 DI 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.431 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 578MQ UT WOS:000276298201391 ER PT J AU Pitz, K Carrillo, AC Thissen, J Olivas, J Harrel, B Hall, S El Sheikh, M Lenhoff, R Naraghi-Arani, P AF Pitz, K. Carrillo, A. C. Thissen, J. Olivas, J. Harrel, B. Hall, S. El Sheikh, M. Lenhoff, R. Naraghi-Arani, P. TI Navigating Dante's inferno: Creation of signatures for the rapid detection of heamorraghic fever agents SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pitz, K.; Carrillo, A. C.; Thissen, J.; Olivas, J.; Harrel, B.; Hall, S.; El Sheikh, M.; Lenhoff, R.; Naraghi-Arani, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1201-9712 J9 INT J INFECT DIS JI Int. J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 14 SU 1 BP E361 EP E361 DI 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.424 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 578MQ UT WOS:000276298201384 ER PT J AU Thissen, J Gardner, S McLoughlin, K Slezak, T Jaing, C AF Thissen, J. Gardner, S. McLoughlin, K. Slezak, T. Jaing, C. TI Rapid analysis of known and unknown pathogens using a pan-microbial detection microarray SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Thissen, J.; Gardner, S.; McLoughlin, K.; Slezak, T.; Jaing, C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1201-9712 J9 INT J INFECT DIS JI Int. J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 14 SU 1 BP E272 EP E272 DI 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.2092 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 578MQ UT WOS:000276298201181 ER PT J AU Levitas, VI Lee, DW Preston, DL AF Levitas, Valery I. Lee, Dong-Wook Preston, Dean L. TI Interface propagation and microstructure evolution in phase field models of stress-induced martensitic phase transformations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE Martensitic phase transformation; Phase field approach; Interface velocity; Athermal threshold; Microstructure evolution ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; CONTINUUM THERMOMECHANICAL THEORY; STABLE INTERMEDIATE STATE; GINZBURG-LANDAU THEORY; CU-AL-NI; ELASTOPLASTIC MATERIALS; PSEUDOELASTIC BEHAVIOR; INELASTIC MATERIAL; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; TRANSITIONS AB Analytical solutions for diffuse interface propagation are found for two recently developed Landau potentials that account for the phenomenology of stress-induced martensitic phase transformations. The solutions include the interface profile and velocity as a function of temperature and stress tensor. An instability in the interface propagation near lattice instability conditions is studied numerically. The effect of material inertia is approximately included. Two methods for introducing an athermal interface friction in phase field models are discussed. In the first method an analytic expression defines the location of the diffuse interface, and the rate of change of the order parameters is required to vanish if the driving force is below a threshold. As an alternative and more physical approach, we demonstrate that the introduction of spatially oscillatory stress fields due to crystal defects and the Peierls barrier, or to a jump in chemical energy, reproduces the effect of an athermal threshold. Finite element simulations of microstructure evolution with and without an athermal threshold are performed. In the presence of spatially oscillatory fields the evolution self-arrests in realistic stationary microstructures, thus the system does not converge to an unphysical single-phase final state, and rate-independent temperature- and stress-induced phase transformation hysteresis are exhibited. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Levitas, Valery I.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Levitas, Valery I.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Levitas, Valery I.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lee, Dong-Wook] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lee, Dong-Wook] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Preston, Dean L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Levitas, VI (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM vlevitas@iastate.edu RI Lee, Dong-Wook /D-2630-2011 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory, NSF [CBET-0755236]; ARO [W911NF-09-1-0001]; DTRA [HDTRA1-09-1-0034]; Iowa State University; Texas Tech University FX The support of Los Alamos National Laboratory, NSF (CBET-0755236), ARO (W911NF-09-1-0001), DTRA (HDTRA1-09-1-0034), Iowa State University, and Texas Tech University are gratefully acknowledged. We thank Dr. A. Idesman for assistance with the FEAP code. NR 65 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 395 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2009.08.003 PG 28 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 573DY UT WOS:000275889800004 ER PT J AU Man, CS Gao, X Godefroy, S Kenik, EA AF Man, Chi-Sing Gao, Xiang Godefroy, Scott Kenik, Edward A. TI Estimating geometric dislocation densities in polycrystalline materials from orientation imaging microscopy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE Dislocations; Texture; Crystal plasticity; Polycrystalline material; Electron microscopy ID ELECTRON BACKSCATTER DIFFRACTION; GRAIN SUBDIVISION; ALUMINUM BICRYSTAL; DEFORMED ALUMINUM; LATTICE CURVATURE; DEFORMATION; STRAINS AB Herein we consider polycrystalline materials which can be taken as statistically homogeneous and whose grains carry no or negligible elastic strains. Our objective is to obtain, from orientation imaging microscopy (OIM), estimates of ensemble averages of geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) densities for specific texture components of the polycrystal in question. Let (G) over bar be the GND tensor in the current configuration and parallel to(G) over bar parallel to be its Euclidean norm. Let rho(alpha) denote the density of geometrically necessary dislocations of type alpha and rho((m))(alpha) the lower-bound estimate of rho(alpha) as obtained from L(2) minimization. We present algorithms by which the ensemble averages , <|rho((m))(alpha)|(2)> and two upper bounds of <|rho((m))(alpha)|>. over specific texture components can be evaluated from ON scans of three mutually-orthogonal planar cross-sections of the polycrystalline material. Within the present context, the algorithms for recovery of the aforementioned quantities from ON scans are general: they are formulated for arbitrary lattice orientations in grains of any crystal symmetry: there is no a priori restriction that the gradient of lattice orientation in the direction perpendicular to an ON scan plane be zero or be otherwise ascertained by another method. The algorithms including their mathematical basis, which accounts for the non-Euclidean nature of the space of crystal orientations, are described in detail. ON measurements were conducted on samples of a continuous-cast AA5754 aluminum hot band to generate data for trying out the algorithms. The results of the computations are presented. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Man, Chi-Sing; Gao, Xiang; Godefroy, Scott] Univ Kentucky, Dept Math, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Kenik, Edward A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Man, CS (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Math, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM MCLXYH@ms.uky.edu RI Man, Chi-Sing/E-4794-2011 OI Man, Chi-Sing/0000-0001-9166-2832 FU US National Science Foundation [DMS-0406004]; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA 9550-04-1-0457]; Kentucky Science and Engineering Foundation with the Kentucky Science and Technology Corporation [KSEF-148-502-05-128]; Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX We are thankful to Drs. Gene E. Ice and Oleg M. Barabash for guiding us through the recent literature on the polychromatic X-ray microdiffraction technique in 3D X-ray microscopy for experimental characterization of geometrically necessary dislocations. The research reported here was supported in part by a grant from the US National Science Foundation (No. DMS-0406004), a DEPSCoR grant from the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (No. FA 9550-04-1-0457), and a grant from the Kentucky Science and Engineering Foundation as per Grant Agreement #KSEF-148-502-05-128 with the Kentucky Science and Technology Corporation. Research at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory ShaRE User Facility was sponsored by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 423 EP 440 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2009.08.002 PG 18 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 573DY UT WOS:000275889800005 ER PT J AU Roig, AI Hight, SK Minna, JD Shay, JW Rusek, A Story, MD AF Roig, Andres I. Hight, Suzie K. Minna, John D. Shay, Jerry W. Rusek, Adam Story, Michael D. TI DNA damage intensity in fibroblasts in a 3-dimensional collagen matrix correlates with the Bragg curve energy distribution of a high LET particle SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heavy ton irradiation; DNA damage; DNA double-strand break repair; 3-D tissue equivalents ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; HISTONE H2AX PHOSPHORYLATION; SPACE RADIATION; HEAVY-IONS; IONIZING-RADIATION; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION; EXPLORATION; PROTECTION; INDUCTION AB Purpose The DNA double-strand break (DSB) damage response induced by high energy charged particles on lung fibroblast cells embedded in a 3-dimensional (3-D) collagen tissue equivalents was investigated using antibodies to the DNA damage response proteins gamma-histone 2AX (gamma-H2AX) and phosphorylated DNA-PKcs (p-DNA-PKcs) Materials and methods 3-D tissue equivalents were irradiated in positions across the linear distribution of the Bragg curve profiles of 307 7 MeV/nucleon, 556 9 MeV/nucleon, or 967 0 MeV/nucleon (56)Fe ions at a dose of 0 30 Gy. Results: Patterns of discrete DNA damage streaks across nuclei or saturated nuclear damage were observed, with saturated nuclear damage being more predominant as samples were positioned closer to the physical Bragg peak Quantification of the DNA damage signal intensities at cacti distance for cacti of the examined energies revealed a biological Bragg curve profile with a pattern of DNA damage intensity similar to the physical Bragg curve for the particular energy, Deconvolution microscopy of nuclei with streaked or saturated nuclear damage pattern revealed more details of the damage, with evidence of double-strand breaks radially distributed from the main particle track as well as multiple discrete tracks within saturated damage nuclei Conclusions These 3-D culture systems can be used as a biological substrate to better understand the interaction of heavy charged particles of different energies with tissue and could serve as a basis to model space-radiation-induced cancer initiation and progression. C1 [Roig, Andres I.; Hight, Suzie K.; Shay, Jerry W.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Cell Biol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Roig, Andres I.; Minna, John D.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Internal Med, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Minna, John D.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Hamon Ctr Therapeut Oncol Res, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Story, Michael D.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Div Mol Radiat Biol, Dept Radiat Oncol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Rusek, Adam] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Roig, AI (reprint author), Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Cell Biol, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RI Shay, Jerry/F-7878-2011 FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AI02-05ER64048]; NASA [NNJ05HD36G NSCOR] FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Grant No DE-AI02-05ER64048 and NASA, NNJ05HD36G NSCOR. We wish to thank the NSRL physics support team for assistance in the design and execution of the irradiation logistics and Oliver Delgado for transporting and setting up the tissue equivalents for irradiation. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-3002 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 86 IS 3 BP 194 EP 204 DI 10.3109/00553000903418603 PG 11 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 572FI UT WOS:000275812500003 PM 20201648 ER PT J AU Amaladass, E Ludescher, B Schutz, G Tyliszczak, T Lee, MS Eimuller, T AF Amaladass, E. Ludescher, B. Schuetz, G. Tyliszczak, T. Lee, M. -S. Eimueller, T. TI Nanospheres generate out-of-plane magnetization SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANODIC ALUMINA; NANOSTRUCTURES; CONFIGURATIONS; ARRAYS AB Large arrays of ordered magnetic nanostructures have been fabricated by sputter depositing Fe/Gd multilayers on an array of self-assembled nanospheres. On a planar substrate the system shows an in-plane magnetization whereas a spin reorientation transition (SRT) to out-of-plane orientation occurs on the spherules. This SRT cannot only be explained by the reduction in the shape anisotropy due to patterning of the extended film into nanometer sized islands. In fact, more important is the curved surface of the film on the nanocaps. Micromagnetic simulations of various geometries reveal that the crescent shape of the magnetic film on the spheres is ideal to get small values of the shape anisotropy for all diameters of the spheres, ranging from 1 mu m down to 20 nm. The observed SRT enables a simple and cost effective bottom-up approach to produce patterned perpendicular magnetic nanostructures, having a high potential for magnetic data storage and spintronic applications. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3327797] C1 [Lee, M. -S.; Eimueller, T.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Jr Res Grp Magnet Microscopy, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Amaladass, E.; Ludescher, B.; Schuetz, G.] Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Tyliszczak, T.] LBNL, ALS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Eimueller, T.] Univ Appl Sci, Hsch Kempten, D-87435 Kempten, Germany. RP Eimuller, T (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Jr Res Grp Magnet Microscopy, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. EM thomas.eimueller@fh-kempten.de FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB491-N1]; Landesstiftung Baden-Wurttemberg; Director, Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft via Project No. SFB491-N1, and by the Landesstiftung Baden-Wurttemberg. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 5 AR 053911 DI 10.1063/1.3327797 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 570FK UT WOS:000275657500081 ER PT J AU Fleming, RM Seager, CH Bielejec, E Vizkelethy, G Lang, DV Campbell, JM AF Fleming, R. M. Seager, C. H. Bielejec, E. Vizkelethy, G. Lang, D. V. Campbell, J. M. TI Defect annealing in neutron and ion damaged silicon: Influence of defect clusters and doping SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIVACANCY; IRRADIATION AB We have explored defect annealing in radiation damaged silicon in a regime characterized by defect clusters and higher doping. Several types of pnp and npn Si bipolar transistors have been irradiated with ions and neutrons, then isochronally annealed from 300 to 600 K to study the evolution of deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) defect signatures. Variations in these data with radiation environment, Fermi level, annealing temperature, and doping density have been used to separate the contributions of three dominant defects to the DLTS defect spectra. We find that the normal Si divacancy and a divacancy like defect with similar properties make similar contributions to a DLTS peak normally associated with transitions from the single minus charge state of the divacancy. However the latter defect is clearly associated with the presence of defect clusters. The vacancy-donor center can also contribute to this high temperature DLTS signature, and its relative importance can be quantitatively assessed by varying doping density and the bias applied to the sample p/n junctions during annealing, and also by the observation that another, donor-related defect grows in as this center anneals. The ratio of vacancy-donor and vacancy-oxygen pairs appears to accurately follow that seen in earlier studies of gamma-irradiated Si. Discussions are presented concerning the effects of defect clustering on the structure, appearance, and evolution of the defects we have identified. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3309215] C1 [Fleming, R. M.; Seager, C. H.; Bielejec, E.; Vizkelethy, G.; Lang, D. V.; Campbell, J. M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fleming, RM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rmflemi@sandia.gov RI Fleming, Robert/B-1248-2008 FU Department of Energy [DE-AC04094AL85000] FX We thank Kyle McDonald, Don King, Normand Modine, Sam Myers, Peter Schultz, Bill Wampler, and Alan Wright for stimulating discussions. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC04094AL85000. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 5 AR 053712 DI 10.1063/1.3309215 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 570FK UT WOS:000275657500064 ER PT J AU Hopkins, PE Barnat, EV Cruz-Campa, JL Grubbs, RK Okandan, M Nielson, GN AF Hopkins, Patrick E. Barnat, Edward V. Cruz-Campa, Jose L. Grubbs, Robert K. Okandan, Murat Nielson, Gregory N. TI Excitation rate dependence of Auger recombination in silicon SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ULTRAFAST CARRIER; DYNAMICS; SURFACE; PULSES; THERMALIZATION; GENERATION; PLASMAS; FILMS; SI AB This work reports on measurements of the Auger recombination coefficients in silicon wafers with pump-probe thermoreflectance techniques operating at two different excitation rates: 250 kHz (low repetition rate) and 80 MHz (high repetition rate). The different excitation frequencies give rise to different thermoreflectance signals in the Si samples, which is ascribed to the excited number density in the conduction band. In the low repetition rate case, the excited carriers recombine via Auger processes before the next pump excitation is absorbed. However, in the high repetition rate case, the rate in which the pump excitations are absorbed at the sample surface is higher than the Auger recombination rate, indicating that the excited carrier densities in the high repetition rate experiments are much higher than in the low repetition rate measurements even though the pump fluences are comparable. This is ascribed to pulse accumulation in the high repetition rate measurements, and is quantified with rate equation and thermoreflectance models fit to the experimental data. Comparing the data taken at the two different excitation modulations gives insight into the excited carrier density when recombination rate are on the same order as excitation frequencies. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3309759] C1 [Hopkins, Patrick E.; Barnat, Edward V.; Cruz-Campa, Jose L.; Grubbs, Robert K.; Okandan, Murat; Nielson, Gregory N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Hopkins, PE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM pehopki@sandia.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX P. E. H. is grateful for funding from the LDRD program office through the Sandia National Laboratories Harry S. Truman Fellowship. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Co., for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 5 AR 053713 DI 10.1063/1.3309759 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 570FK UT WOS:000275657500065 ER PT J AU Huang, ML Du, YZ McQueeney, RJ Lograsso, TA AF Huang, Mianliang Du, Yingzhou McQueeney, Robert J. Lograsso, Thomas A. TI Effect of carbon addition on the single crystalline magnetostriction of Fe-X (X=Al and Ga) alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IRON-ALUMINUM ALLOYS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; RICH PORTION; ALPHA-IRON; AL ALLOYS; SYSTEM; MAGNETOELASTICITY; TRANSFORMATIONS; STABILITY AB The effect of carbon addition on the magnetostriction of Fe-Ga and Fe-Al alloys was investigated and is summarized in this study. It was found that the addition of carbon generally increased the magnetostriction over binary alloys of Fe-Ga and Fe-Al systems. The formation of carbide in the Fe-Ga-C alloys with a composition near D0(3) phase region decreased the magnetostriction drastically. Fe-Al-C and Fe-Ga-C alloys responded differently to thermal treatments; the magnetostriction in the quenched Fe-Al-C alloys is equal to or slightly lower than that of the slow cooled as is observed in binary Fe-Al alloy; in contrast, the magnetostriction is generally higher in quenched Fe-Ga-C alloys than slow cooled condition, consistent with the behavior of binary alloys of Fe-Ga. A significant increase in magnetostriction between 25% and 165% depending on the phase region in Fe-Ga-C alloys by quenching was observed in the A2+D0(3) two-phase region and D0(3) single phase region. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3311884] C1 [Huang, Mianliang; Lograsso, Thomas A.] Iowa State Univ, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Du, Yingzhou; McQueeney, Robert J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Huang, ML (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mhuang@ameslab.gov RI McQueeney, Robert/A-2864-2016 OI McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602 FU Office of Naval Research under ONR MURI [N000140610530]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under ONR MURI Contract No. N000140610530. The research was performed at the Ames Laboratory. Ames Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 5 AR 053520 DI 10.1063/1.3311884 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 570FK UT WOS:000275657500044 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Park, M Buhlmann, S Hong, S Kim, YK Ko, H Kim, J No, K AF Kim, Yunseok Park, Moonkyu Buehlmann, Simon Hong, Seungbum Kim, Yong Kwan Ko, Hyoungsoo Kim, Jiyoon No, Kwangsoo TI Effect of local surface potential distribution on its relaxation in polycrystalline ferroelectric films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; PROBE MICROSCOPY; FORCE MICROSCOPY; CHARGE AB We have studied the effect of local surface potential distribution on its relaxation in the polycrystalline ferroelectric thin films. A lower surface potential region, i.e., potential pit, is generated near a grain boundary. The deep potential pit has a faster relaxation than the area far away from the potential pit due to the acceleration of the screen charge draining near the grain boundary and the domains formed by applying higher voltage have a faster relaxation due to the larger gradient of screen charge distribution. In addition, the surface potential and its relaxation depend on the sign of applying voltage. The result shows that the surface potential distribution may influence significantly to the reliability of bit signal on the memory devices. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3290953] C1 [Kim, Yunseok; Park, Moonkyu; Kim, Jiyoon; No, Kwangsoo] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Buehlmann, Simon; Kim, Yong Kwan; Ko, Hyoungsoo] Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Semicond Device Lab, Yongin 446712, South Korea. [Hong, Seungbum] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Buehlmann, Simon] Imperial Coll London, Kensington SW7 2AZ, England. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Microstruct Phys, D-06120 Halle, Saale, Germany. EM ykim@mpi-halle.mpg.de RI Buehlmann, Simon/B-4838-2010; No, Kwangsoo/G-4891-2010; No, Kwangsoo/C-1983-2011; Hong, Seungbum/B-7708-2009 OI Hong, Seungbum/0000-0002-2667-1983 FU Samsung Electronics; Korean government (MEST) [2009-0052806]; UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U.S. DOE Office of Science Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Seung-Hyun Kim from Inostek Inc. for preparing the ferroelectric thin films. This work was supported by the Samsung Electronics and the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korean government (MEST) (Grant No. 2009-0052806). The submitted manuscript has been in part created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U.S. DOE Office of Science Laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 5 AR 054103 DI 10.1063/1.3290953 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 570FK UT WOS:000275657500090 ER PT J AU Loui, A Elhadj, S Sirbuly, DJ McCall, SK Hart, BR Ratto, TV AF Loui, A. Elhadj, S. Sirbuly, D. J. McCall, S. K. Hart, B. R. Ratto, T. V. TI An analytic model of thermal drift in piezoresistive microcantilever sensors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLYMER-FILMS; THIN-FILMS; SILICON; VAPOR; CONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; PLATFORM; AIR; TECHNOLOGY; EQUATIONS AB A closed-form semiempirical model has been developed to understand the physical origins of thermal drift in piezoresistive microcantilever sensors. The two-component model describes both the effects of temperature-related bending and heat dissipation on the piezoresistance. The temperature-related bending component is based on the Euler-Bernoulli theory of elastic deformation applied to a multilayer cantilever. The heat dissipation component is based on energy conservation per unit time for a piezoresistive cantilever in a Wheatstone bridge circuit, representing a balance between electrical power input and heat dissipation into the environment. Conduction and convection are found to be the primary mechanisms of heat transfer, and the dependence of these effects on the thermal conductivity, temperature, and flow rate of the gaseous environment is described. The thermal boundary layer value that defines the length scale of the heat dissipation phenomenon is treated as an empirical fitting parameter. Using the model, it is found that the cantilever heat dissipation is unaffected by the presence of a thin polymer coating; therefore, the residual thermal drift in the differential response of a coated and uncoated cantilever is the result of nonidentical temperature-related bending. Differential response data show that residual drift is eliminated under isothermal laboratory conditions but not the unregulated and variable conditions that exist in the outdoor environment (i.e., the field). The two-component model is then validated by simulating the thermal drifts of an uncoated and a coated piezoresistive cantilever under field conditions over a 24 h period using only meteorological data as input variables. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3326972] C1 [Loui, A.; Elhadj, S.; Sirbuly, D. J.; McCall, S. K.; Hart, B. R.; Ratto, T. V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Loui, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM loui2@llnl.gov RI McCall, Scott/G-1733-2014 OI McCall, Scott/0000-0002-7979-4944 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. The authors would like to thank J. L. Herberg for contributions to this work. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 5 AR 054508 DI 10.1063/1.3326972 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 570FK UT WOS:000275657500124 ER PT J AU Luo, SN Germann, TC Tonks, DL AF Luo, Sheng-Nian Germann, Timothy C. Tonks, Davis L. TI The effect of vacancies on dynamic response of single crystal Cu to shock waves SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AB Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we investigate the effect of vacancies on the dynamic response of single crystal Cu to [100] shock loading, including plasticity and spallation, for an initial vacancy concentration (c(v)) ranging from 0% to 2%. A fixed impact velocity is adopted, for which plasticity and spall do not occur in the defect-free Cu during compression or tension. We show that shear flow strength (compressional or tensile ) and spall strength decrease with increasing c(v). At the MD scales, the vacancy effect becomes pronounced for c(v) > 0.25%, where heterogeneous nucleation of plasticity prevails. Tensile plasticity may play a key role in inducing local heating and the power-law reduction in spall strength. Void nucleation occurs preferentially at highly sheared (plastically deformed) sites. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3326941] C1 [Luo, Sheng-Nian; Germann, Timothy C.; Tonks, Davis L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Luo, SN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sluo@lanl.gov RI Luo, Sheng-Nian /D-2257-2010; OI Luo, Sheng-Nian /0000-0002-7538-0541; Germann, Timothy/0000-0002-6813-238X FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD Program for this work. LANL is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 5 AR 056102 DI 10.1063/1.3326941 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 570FK UT WOS:000275657500149 ER PT J AU Martin, IT Teplin, CW Doyle, JR Branz, HM Stradins, P AF Martin, Ina T. Teplin, Charles W. Doyle, James R. Branz, Howard M. Stradins, Paul TI Physics and chemistry of hot-wire chemical vapor deposition from silane: Measuring and modeling the silicon epitaxy deposition rate SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS-SILICON; SURFACE REACTIVITY; LOW-TEMPERATURE; THIN-FILMS; PLASMA DEPOSITION; SOLAR-CELLS; SI-H; QUALITY; MICROCRYSTALLINE; RADICALS AB We measure and successfully model the deposition rate (R) of epitaxial Si by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) onto (100) silicon over a wide range of growth conditions. A deposition rate model based on the fundamentals of gas-filament and gas-substrate interactions is presented; the results are consistent with the observed dependences of R on gas pressure, flow, and filament area. Gas-phase measurements of silane depletion allow calculation of the average radical sticking coefficient from the film deposition rate. Our findings indicate that the epitaxial deposition rate can be increased sufficiently to enable an economical epitaxial film-silicon photovoltaic technology on low-cost foreign substrates. The model can be simply adapted to apply to the HWCVD of amorphous, nanocrystalline, and polycrystalline Si. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3298455] C1 [Martin, Ina T.; Teplin, Charles W.; Branz, Howard M.; Stradins, Paul] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Doyle, James R.] Macalester Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. RP Martin, IT (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ina.martin@nrel.gov RI Martin, Ina/J-9484-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308] FX The authors are grateful to many NREL colleagues, including Maxim Shub for help with the HWCVD system. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 5 AR 054906 DI 10.1063/1.3298455 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 570FK UT WOS:000275657500145 ER PT J AU Yang, L Peng, SM Long, XG Gao, F Heinisch, HL Kurtz, RJ Zu, XT AF Yang, L. Peng, S. M. Long, X. G. Gao, F. Heinisch, H. L. Kurtz, R. J. Zu, X. T. TI Ab initio study of intrinsic, H, and He point defects in hcp-Er SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; ALPHA-SCDX SYSTEMS; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; TRANSITION-METALS; ERBIUM-HYDRIDE; HELIUM RELEASE; PRESSURE; FILMS; TRITIDE AB Ab initio calculations based on density functional theory have been performed to determine the properties of self-interstitial atoms (SIAs), vacancies, and single H and He atoms in hcp-Er. The results show that the most stable configuration for a SIA is a basal octahedral configuration, while the octahedral (O), basal split, and crowdion (C) interstitial configurations are less stable, followed by the split < 0001 > dumbbell and tetrahedral configurations. For both H and He defects, the formation energy of an interstitial atom is less than that of a substitutional atom in hcp-Er. Furthermore, the tetrahedral interstitial position is more stable than an octahedral position for both He and H interstitials. The hybridization of the He and H defects with Er atoms has been used to explain the relative stabilities of these defects in hcp-Er. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3309834] C1 [Yang, L.; Zu, X. T.] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. [Peng, S. M.; Long, X. G.] China Acad Engn Phys, Inst Nucl Phys & Chem, Mianyang 621900, Peoples R China. [Gao, F.; Heinisch, H. L.; Kurtz, R. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yang, L (reprint author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. EM yanglildk@uestc.edu.cn; xiaotaozu@yahoo.com RI Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China-NSAF [10976007]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Science [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX L. Yang and X. T. Zu are grateful for the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China-NSAF (Grant No. 10976007). F. Gao, H. L. Heinisch, and R. J. Kurtz are grateful for the support by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Science, under Contract No. DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 5 AR 054903 DI 10.1063/1.3309834 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 570FK UT WOS:000275657500142 ER PT J AU Yang, RQ Tian, ZB Cai, ZH Klem, JF Johnson, MB Liu, HC AF Yang, Rui Q. Tian, Zhaobing Cai, Zhihua Klem, J. F. Johnson, Matthew B. Liu, H. C. TI Interband-cascade infrared photodetectors with superlattice absorbers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCONDUCTIVE GAIN; DETECTORS AB Interband-cascade infrared photodetectors (ICIPs), composed of discrete superlattice absorbers, are demonstrated at temperatures up to 350 K with a cutoff wavelength near 5 mu m at 80 K to beyond 7 mu m above room temperature. The peak responsivity exceeds 200 mA/W, higher than the values reported from early interband cascade laser structures, suggesting a significantly enhanced quantum efficiency of the superlattice absorbers. A theoretical model, originally developed for quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs), is applied to ICIPs to analyze their device performance. The Johnson-limited and background-limited detectivities are extracted and indicate that background-limited performance temperatures for two ICIP structures are 126 and 105 K at 5 mu m. It is expected that optimized ICIPs will provide improved performance by combining the advantages of conventional photodiodes and the discrete nature of QWIPs and IC lasers. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3327415] C1 [Yang, Rui Q.; Tian, Zhaobing; Cai, Zhihua] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Klem, J. F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Johnson, Matthew B.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Liu, H. C.] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Yang, RQ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM rui.q.yang@ou.edu RI Tian, Zhaobing/C-9705-2011; Cai, Zhihua/P-1316-2015 FU NSF [0838439]; AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0288]; C-SPIN; Oklahoma/Arkansas MRSEC [DMR-0520550]; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We thank Edward Aifer for useful discussions. This work is supported in part by a new faculty start-up fund at OU, by NSF (Award No. 0838439), by AFOSR (Award No. FA9550-09-1-0288), and by C-SPIN, the Oklahoma/Arkansas MRSEC (Grant No. DMR-0520550). Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Co., for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 21 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 5 AR 054514 DI 10.1063/1.3327415 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 570FK UT WOS:000275657500130 ER PT J AU Awano, N Rajagopal, V Arbing, M Patel, S Hunt, J Inouye, M Phadtare, S AF Awano, Naoki Rajagopal, Vaishnavi Arbing, Mark Patel, Smita Hunt, John Inouye, Masayori Phadtare, Sangita TI Escherichia coli RNase R Has Dual Activities, Helicase and RNase SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYNUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHORYLASE MUTANTS; ACID MELTING ACTIVITY; INITIATION-FACTOR IF1; YEAST EXOSOME CORE; RIBONUCLEASE-II; SHOCK PROTEIN; CSPA FAMILY; TRANSCRIPTION ANTITERMINATION; QUALITY-CONTROL; RIBOSOMAL-RNA AB In Escherichia coli, the cold shock response occurs when there is a temperature downshift from 37 degrees C to 15 degrees C, and this response is characterized by induction of several cold shock proteins, including the DEAD-box helicase CsdA, during the acclimation phase. CsdA is involved in a variety of cellular processes. Our previous studies showed that the helicase activity of CsdA is critical for its function in cold shock acclimation of cells and that the only proteins that were able to complement its function were another helicase, RhlE, an RNA chaperone, CspA, and a cold-inducible exoribonuclease, RNase R. Interestingly, other major 3'-to-5' processing exoribonucleases of E. coli, such as polynucleotide phosphorylase and RNase II, cannot complement the cold shock function of CsdA. Here we carried out a domain analysis of RNase R and showed that this protein has two distinct activities, RNase and helicase, which are independent of each other and are due to different domains. Mutant RNase R proteins that lack the RNase activity but exhibit the helicase activity were able to complement the cold shock function of CsdA, suggesting that only the helicase activity of RNase R is essential for complementation of the cold shock function of CsdA. We also observed that in vivo deletion of the two cold shock domains resulted in a loss of the ability of RNase R to complement the cold shock function of CsdA. We further demonstrated that RNase R exhibits helicase activity in vitro independent of its RNase activity. Our results shed light on the unique properties of RNase R and how it is distinct from other exoribonucleases in E. coli. C1 [Awano, Naoki; Inouye, Masayori; Phadtare, Sangita] UMDNJ, CABM, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Biochem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Arbing, Mark; Hunt, John] Columbia Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fairchild Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Arbing, Mark] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Genom & Prote, UCLA DOE, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Rajagopal, Vaishnavi] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biophys & Biophys Chem, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Phadtare, S (reprint author), UMDNJ, CABM, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Biochem, 679 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM phadtasa@umdnj.edu RI Rajagopal, Vaishnavi/E-5272-2012 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM055310] NR 62 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 192 IS 5 BP 1344 EP 1352 DI 10.1128/JB.01368-09 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 554DP UT WOS:000274416000019 PM 20023028 ER PT J AU Byrne-Bailey, KG Weber, KA Chair, AH Bose, S Knox, T Spanbauer, TL Chertkov, O Coates, JD AF Byrne-Bailey, Kathryne G. Weber, Karrie A. Chair, Antinea H. Bose, Saumyaditya Knox, Traci Spanbauer, Trisha L. Chertkov, Olga Coates, John D. TI Completed Genome Sequence of the Anaerobic Iron-Oxidizing Bacterium Acidovorax ebreus Strain TPSY SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROVIDES ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; FERROUS IRON; TOOL; BIOOXIDATION; SYSTEM; IDENTIFICATION; FE(II); CRISPR AB Acidovorax ebreus strain TPSY is the first anaerobic nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidizer for which there is a completed genome sequence. Preliminary protein annotation revealed an organism optimized for survival in a complex environmental system. Here, we briefly report the completed and annotated genome sequence of strain TPSY. C1 [Byrne-Bailey, Kathryne G.; Weber, Karrie A.; Chair, Antinea H.; Bose, Saumyaditya; Knox, Traci; Coates, John D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chertkov, Olga] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Weber, Karrie A.; Spanbauer, Trisha L.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Coates, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jdcoates@berkeley.edu FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER64390]; University of Nebraska, Lincoln; University of California Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE AC02-06NA25396] FX This research was supported by Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, grant DE-FG02-07ER64390 to J.D.C. at UCB and by the Nebraska Tobacco Settlement Biomedical Research Development Fund to K. A. W. at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln.; The sequencing work on behalf of J.D.C. was performed through the Community Sequencing Project 2008 for the JGI under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, and by the University of California Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract DE AC02-06NA25396. NR 22 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 192 IS 5 BP 1475 EP 1476 DI 10.1128/JB.01449-09 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 554DP UT WOS:000274416000038 PM 20023012 ER PT J AU Luchko, T Gusarov, S Roe, DR Simmerling, C Case, DA Tuszynski, J Kovalenko, A AF Luchko, Tyler Gusarov, Sergey Roe, Daniel R. Simmerling, Carlos Case, David A. Tuszynski, Jack Kovalenko, Andriy TI Three-Dimensional Molecular Theory of Solvation Coupled with Molecular Dynamics in Amber SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; INTERACTION SITE MODEL; INTEGRAL-EQUATION THEORY; NONUNIFORM POLYATOMIC SYSTEMS; HELICAL ROSETTE NANOTUBES; AMBIENT AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ALCOHOL-WATER MIXTURES; HYDRATION FREE-ENERGY; CHARGE FORCE-FIELD; RISM THEORY AB We present the three-dimensional molecular theory of solvation (also known as 3D-RISM) coupled with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation by contracting solvent degrees of freedom, accelerated by extrapolating solvent-induced forces and applying them in large multiple time steps (up to 20 fs) to enable simulation of large biomolecules. The method has been implemented in the Amber molecular modeling package and is illustrated here on alanine-dipeptide and protein-G. C1 [Luchko, Tyler; Gusarov, Sergey; Kovalenko, Andriy] Natl Inst Nanotechnol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada. [Luchko, Tyler; Tuszynski, Jack] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. [Luchko, Tyler; Kovalenko, Andriy] Univ Alberta, Dept Mech Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G8, Canada. [Roe, Daniel R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Simmerling, Carlos] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Grad Program Biochem and Struct Biol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Simmerling, Carlos] SUNY Stony Brook, Struct Biol Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Simmerling, Carlos] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Case, David A.] Rutgers State Univ, BioMaPS Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Case, David A.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Tuszynski, Jack] Univ Alberta, Dept Oncol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G8, Canada. RP Kovalenko, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Nanotechnol, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada. EM andriy.kovalenko@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca RI Gusarov, Sergey/L-4236-2014; OI Gusarov, Sergey/0000-0003-2033-705X FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; National Research Council (NRC) of Canada; University of Alberta FX This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada and the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada. All calculations were performed on the HPC cluster of the Center of Excellence in Integrated Nanotools (CEIN) at the University of Alberta. T.L. acknowledges financial support from the NSERC, NRC, and University of Alberta. NR 72 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 4 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 6 IS 3 BP 607 EP 624 DI 10.1021/ct900460m PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 564CL UT WOS:000275189400003 PM 20440377 ER PT J AU Asadchev, A Allada, V Felder, J Bode, BM Gordon, MS Windus, TL AF Asadchev, Andrey Allada, Veerendra Felder, Jacob Bode, Brett M. Gordon, Mark S. Windus, Theresa L. TI Uncontracted Rys Quadrature Implementation of up to G Functions on Graphical Processing Units SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID 2-ELECTRON INTEGRAL EVALUATION; ELECTRON REPULSION INTEGRALS; CARTESIAN GAUSSIAN FUNCTIONS; QUANTUM-CHEMISTRY; RECURRENCE RELATIONS; COMPUTATION AB An implementation is presented of an uncontracted Rys quadrature algorithm for electron repulsion integrals, including up to g functions on graphical processing units (GPUs). The general GPU programming model, the challenges associated with implementing the Rys quadrature on these highly parallel emerging architectures, and a new approach to implementing the quadrature are outlined. The performance of the implementation is evaluated for single and double precision on two different types of GPU devices. The performance obtained is on par with the matrix-vector routine from the CUDA basic linear algebra subroutines (CUBLAS) library. C1 [Asadchev, Andrey; Felder, Jacob; Gordon, Mark S.; Windus, Theresa L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Asadchev, Andrey; Felder, Jacob; Gordon, Mark S.; Windus, Theresa L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gordon, MS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mark@si.msg.chem.iastate.edu OI Bode, Brett/0000-0002-4202-1024 FU Iowa State University of Science and Technology [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; United States Department of Energy; National Science Foundation PetaApps FX This work has been accomplished by Iowa State University of Science and Technology under contract no, DE-AC02-07CH11358 with the United States Department of Energy and under an National Science Foundation PetaApps grant. The GPU cluster was provided by a DURIP grant from the Department of Defense, with matching funds from the Iowa State University Frances M. Craig Professorship to M.S.G. and the NVIDIA Corporation. M.S.G. gratefully acknowledges an IBM Faculty Fellowship award. The authors have benefitted from many helpful discussions with Professor Todd Martinez and his students. NR 25 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 6 IS 3 BP 696 EP 704 DI 10.1021/ct9005079 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 564CL UT WOS:000275189400009 PM 26613300 ER PT J AU Vazquez-Mayagoitia, A Sherrill, CD Apra, E Sumpter, BG AF Vazquez-Mayagoitia, Alvaro Sherrill, C. David Apra, Edoardo Sumpter, Bobby G. TI An Assessment of Density Functional Methods for Potential Energy Curves of Nonbonded Interactions: The XYG3 and B97-D Approximations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID VAN-DER-WAALS; EXCHANGE-CORRELATION FUNCTIONALS; SELF-INTERACTION CORRECTION; PI-PI INTERACTIONS; THERMOCHEMICAL KINETICS; NONCOVALENT INTERACTIONS; DISPERSION CORRECTIONS; ACCURATE DESCRIPTIONS; ELECTRON-AFFINITIES; PERTURBATION-THEORY AB A recently proposed double-hybrid functional called XYG3 and a semilocal GGA functional (B97-D) with a semiempirical correction for van der Waals interactions have been applied to study the potential energy curves along the dissociation coordinates of weakly bound pairs of molecules governed by London dispersion and induced dipole forces. Molecules treated in this work were the parallel sandwich, T-shaped, and parallel-displaced benzene dimer, (C6H6)(2); hydrogen sulfide and benzene, H2S center dot C6H6; methane and benzene, CH4 center dot C6H6; the methane dimer, (CH4)(2); and the pyridine dimer, (C5H5N)(2). We compared the potential energy curves of these functionals with previously published benchmarks at the coupled cluster singles, doubles, and perturbative triplets [CCSD(T)] complete-basis-set limit. Both functionals, XYG3 and B97-D, exhibited very good performance, reproducing accurate energies for equilibrium distances and a smooth behavior along the dissociation coordinate. Overall, we found an agreement within a few tenths of one kcal mol(-1) with the CCSD(T) results across the potential energy curves. C1 [Sherrill, C. David] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Ctr Computat Mol Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Sherrill, C. David] Georgia Inst Technol, Coll Chem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Vazquez-Mayagoitia, Alvaro] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Apra, Edoardo; Sumpter, Bobby G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Apra, Edoardo; Sumpter, Bobby G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sherrill, CD (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Ctr Computat Mol Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM sherrill@gatech.edu RI Apra, Edoardo/F-2135-2010; Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013; Vazquez-Mayagoitia, Alvaro/A-9755-2010; OI Apra, Edoardo/0000-0001-5955-0734; Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355; Sherrill, David/0000-0002-5570-7666 NR 71 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 EI 1549-9626 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 6 IS 3 BP 727 EP 734 DI 10.1021/ct900551z PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 564CL UT WOS:000275189400012 PM 26613303 ER PT J AU Yu, HB Whitfield, TW Harder, E Lamoureux, G Vorobyov, I Anisimov, VM MacKerell, AD Roux, B AF Yu, Haibo Whitfield, Troy W. Harder, Edward Lamoureux, Guillaume Vorobyov, Igor Anisimov, Victor M. MacKerell, Alexander D., Jr. Roux, Benoit TI Simulating Monovalent and Divalent Ions in Aqueous Solution Using a Drude Polarizable Force Field SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; WATER INTERACTION POTENTIALS; FREE-ENERGY PERTURBATION; MANY-BODY POLARIZATION; ALKALI-METAL IONS; GIBBS FREE-ENERGY; AB-INITIO; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; EQUILIBRIA DETERMINATIONS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES AB An accurate representation of ion solvation in aqueous solution is critical for meaningful computer simulations of a broad range of physical and biological processes. Polarizable models based on classical Drude oscillators are introduced and parametrized for a large set of monatomic ions including cations of the alkali metals (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+) and alkaline earth elements (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+) along with Zn2+ and halide anions (F-, Cl-, Br-, and I-). The models are parametrized, in conjunction with the polarizable SWM4-NDP water model [Lamoureux et al. Chem. Phys. Lett, 2006, 418, 245], to be consistent with a wide assortment of experimentally measured aqueous bulk thermodynamic properties and the energetics of small ion-water clusters. Structural and dynamic properties of the resulting ion models in aqueous solutions at infinite dilution are presented. C1 [Yu, Haibo; Harder, Edward; Roux, Benoit] Univ Chicago, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Whitfield, Troy W.; Roux, Benoit] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60649 USA. [Lamoureux, Guillaume] Concordia Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Montreal, PQ H4B 1R6, Canada. [Vorobyov, Igor; Anisimov, Victor M.; MacKerell, Alexander D., Jr.] Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Roux, B (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 929 E 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM roux@uchicago.edu RI Yu, Haibo/B-9750-2008; Lamoureux, Guillaume/K-4038-2013; Vorobyov, Igor/N-2309-2014; OI Yu, Haibo/0000-0002-1099-2803; Vorobyov, Igor/0000-0002-4767-5297; MacKerell, Alex/0000-0001-8287-6804 FU Joint Theory Institute of the University of Chicago and Argonne Laboratory; NIH [GM072558, GM051501] FX H.Y. is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Joint Theory Institute of the University of Chicago and Argonne Laboratory. This work was funded in part by NIH grants GM072558 and GM051501. NR 97 TC 179 Z9 180 U1 19 U2 108 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 EI 1549-9626 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 6 IS 3 BP 774 EP 786 DI 10.1021/ct900576a PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 564CL UT WOS:000275189400017 PM 20300554 ER PT J AU Lee, HKH Taddy, M Gray, GA AF Lee, Herbert K. H. Taddy, Matthew Gray, Genetha A. TI Selection of a Representative Sample SO JOURNAL OF CLASSIFICATION LA English DT Article DE Bayesian statistics; Clustering; Mixture model; Data reduction ID DENSITY-ESTIMATION; CALIBRATION AB Sometimes a larger dataset needs to be reduced to just a few points, and it is desirable that these points be representative of the whole dataset. If the future uses of these points are not fully specified in advance, standard decision-theoretic approaches will not work. We present here methodology for choosing a small representative sample based on a mixture modeling approach. C1 [Lee, Herbert K. H.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Taddy, Matthew] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Gray, Genetha A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lee, HKH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Dept Appl Math & Stat, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM herbie@soe.ucsc.edu FU Sandia grant [673400] FX H. K. H. Lee is Professor, Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA; M. Taddy is Assistant Professor, Booth School of Business, University of Chicago; G. A. Gray is Technical Staff Member, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA. This work was partially supported by Sandia grant 673400. The authors would like to thank the editor and two reviewers for their helpful suggestions that have improved this paper. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0176-4268 J9 J CLASSIF JI J. Classif. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 27 IS 1 BP 41 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s00357-010-9044-x PG 13 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Psychology, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Psychology GA 601VX UT WOS:000278094600003 ER PT J AU Zhang, GJ Vogelmann, AM Jensen, MP Collins, WD Luke, EP AF Zhang, Guang J. Vogelmann, Andrew M. Jensen, Michael P. Collins, William D. Luke, Edward P. TI Relating Satellite-Observed Cloud Properties from MODIS to Meteorological Conditions for Marine Boundary Layer Clouds SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; STRATUS CLOUDS; STRATOCUMULUS; VARIABILITY; AEROSOL; DRIZZLE AB This study examines 6 yr of cloud properties observed by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the NASA Terra satellite in five prominent marine boundary layer (MBL) cloud regions (California, Peru, Canary, Angola, and Australia) and investigates their relationships with near-surface meteorological parameters obtained from NCEP reanalyses. About 62 000 independent scenes are used to examine the instantaneous relationships between cloud properties and meteorological parameters that may be used for global climate model (GCM) diagnostics and parameterization. Cloud liquid water path (LWP) generally increases with lower-tropospheric stability (LTS) and lifting condensation level (LCL), whereas cloud drizzle frequency is favored by weak LTS and negligible cold air advection. Cloud fraction (CF) depends strongly on variations in LTS, and to a lesser extent on surface air temperature advection and LCL, although the relationships vary from region to region. The authors propose capturing the effects of these three parameters on CF via their linear combination in terms of a single parameter, the effective lower-tropospheric stability (eLTS). Results indicate that eLTS offers a marked improvement over LTS alone in explaining the median CF variations within the different study regions. A parameterization of CF in terms of eLTS is provided, which produces results that are improved over those of Klein and Hartmann's LTS-only parameterization. However, the new parameterization may not predict the observed variability correctly, and the authors propose a method that might address this shortcoming via a statistical approach. C1 [Zhang, Guang J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Vogelmann, Andrew M.; Jensen, Michael P.; Luke, Edward P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Collins, William D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Collins, William D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM gzhang@ucsd.edu RI Collins, William/J-3147-2014; Vogelmann, Andrew/M-8779-2014 OI Collins, William/0000-0002-4463-9848; Vogelmann, Andrew/0000-0003-1918-5423 FU GWEC [NASA NAG5-11716]; Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research Program (BER), U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-09ER64736, DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF [ATM-0832915]; Brookhaven National Laboratory FX This work was supported by GWEC Grant NASA NAG5-11716, the Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research Program (BER), U. S. Department of Energy Grant DE-FG02-09ER64736, the NSF Grant ATM-0832915, and the Brookhaven National Laboratory. Collins's work was supported by the Director, Office of Science of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1374 EP 1391 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI2897.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 572KH UT WOS:000275830100007 ER PT J AU Wang, M Revil, A AF Wang, Moran Revil, Andre TI Electrochemical charge of silica surfaces at high ionic strength in narrow channels SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Electrical triple-layer; Electrochemical charge; Charge regulation; High ionic strength ID 4-LAYER COMPLEXATION MODEL; PRESSURE-DRIVEN TRANSPORT; OXIDE-WATER INTERFACE; NANOFLUIDIC CHANNELS; ELECTROLYTE/OXIDE INTERFACE; ELECTROKINETIC TRANSPORT; ENERGY-CONVERSION; QUARTZ FLOTATION; POROUS-MEDIA; LAYER MODEL AB We present a theoretical framework to calculate the electrochemical charge on silica surfaces in contact with high-ionic-strength solutions in narrow channels. Analytical results indicate that the contribution of the adsorbed metal cations to the total surface charge is not negligible when the salinity is larger than 1 mM. The electrical triple-layer model is proved much better than other models for high ionic strength, The charge regulation caused by the double-layer overlap in narrow channels will reduce the surface charge density but increase the zeta potential on silica surfaces. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Wang, Moran] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci Grp EES 16, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wang, Moran] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Revil, Andre] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Revil, Andre] Univ Savoie, Equipe Volcan, CNRS, LGIT,UMR 5559, F-73376 Le Bourget Du Lac, France. RP Wang, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci Grp EES 16, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mwang@lanl.gov RI Wang, Moran/A-1150-2010 FU LANL [20080727PRD2] FX This work is supported by LANL's LDRD Project 20080727PRD2, through the J.R. Oppenheimer Fellowship awarded to M.W. The authors thank Dr. Q. Kang, Dr. M. Bazant and Dr. L. Chen for helpful discussions. NR 40 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 41 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 343 IS 1 BP 381 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.11.039 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 555XB UT WOS:000274548900053 PM 20035946 ER PT J AU Ramanathan, A Agarwal, PK Kurnikova, M Langmead, CJ AF Ramanathan, Arvind Agarwal, Pratul K. Kurnikova, Maria Langmead, Christopher J. TI An Online Approach for Mining Collective Behaviors from Molecular Dynamics Simulations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biochemical networks; computational molecular biology; machine learning; protein folding; proteins ID PROTEIN DYNAMICS; CYCLOPHILIN-A; BARNASE; CATALYSIS; MOTIONS; ISOMERIZATION; ALGORITHMS; STABILITY; NMR AB Collective behavior involving distally separate regions in a protein is known to widely affect its function. In this article, we present an online approach to study and characterize collective behavior in proteins as molecular dynamics (MD) simulations progress. Our representation of MD simulations as a stream of continuously evolving data allows us to succinctly capture spatial and temporal dependencies that may exist and analyze them efficiently using data mining techniques. By using tensor analysis we identify (a) collective motions (i.e., dynamic couplings) and (b) time-points during the simulation where the collective motions suddenly change. We demonstrate the applicability of this method on two different protein simulations for barnase and cyclophilin A. We characterize the collective motions in these proteins using our method and analyze sudden changes in these motions. Taken together, our results indicate that tensor analysis is well suited to extracting information from MD trajectories in an online fashion. C1 [Langmead, Christopher J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Ramanathan, Arvind; Langmead, Christopher J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Lane Ctr Computat Biol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Kurnikova, Maria] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Agarwal, Pratul K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Biol Inst, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Agarwal, Pratul K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Langmead, CJ (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Comp Sci, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM cjl@cs.cmu.edu RI Ramanathan, Arvind/E-5388-2010 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); Microsoft Research; Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX We thank Christos Faloutsos and Jimeng Sun from the Computer Science Department at Carnegie Mellon for introducing us to dynamic tensor analysis (DTA) and providing us with the implementation of DTA. We thank Tatyana Mamonova from the Kurnikova group for providing us access to molecular dynamics simulations of barnase. We also thank Hetunandan Kamisetty from the Langmead Laboratory for constructive discussions. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. This work was supported in part by U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Career Award and a grant from Microsoft Research to C.J.L. Pratul K. Agarwal would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the DOE. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1066-5277 J9 J COMPUT BIOL JI J. Comput. Biol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 17 IS 3 BP 309 EP 324 DI 10.1089/cmb.2009.0167 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 617HM UT WOS:000279271600008 PM 20377447 ER PT J AU Li, H Fedorov, DG Nagata, T Kitaura, K Jensen, JH Gordon, MS AF Li, Hui Fedorov, Dmitri G. Nagata, Takeshi Kitaura, Kazuo Jensen, Jan H. Gordon, Mark S. TI Energy Gradients in Combined Fragment Molecular Orbital and Polarizable Continuum Model (FMO/PCM) Calculation SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fragment molecular orbital; polarizable continuum model; geometry optimization; polyalanine; Trp-cage miniprotein; solution structure ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; QUANTUM-CHEMICAL CALCULATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ELONGATION METHOD; METHOD FMO; GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATIONS; THEORETICAL SYNTHESIS; LARGE SYSTEMS; WAVE-FUNCTION; PROTEIN AB The analytic energy gradients for the combined fragment molecular orbital and polarizable continuum model (FMO/PCM) method are derived and implemented. Applications of FMO/PCM geometry optimization to polyalanine show that the structures obtained with the FMO/PCM method are very close to those obtained with the corresponding full ab initio PCM methods. FMO/PCM (RHF/6-31G* level) is used to optimize the solution structure of the 304-atom Trp-cage miniprotein and the result is in agreement with NMR experiments. The key factors determining the relative stability of the alpha-helix, beta-turn and the extended form in solution are elucidated for polyalanine. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 31: 778-790, 2010 C1 [Li, Hui] Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Fedorov, Dmitri G.; Nagata, Takeshi; Kitaura, Kazuo] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. [Kitaura, Kazuo] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. [Jensen, Jan H.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Chem, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Gordon, Mark S.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Gordon, Mark S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM hli4@unl.edu; d.g.fedorov@aist.go.jp RI Jensen, Jan/G-4338-2010 OI Jensen, Jan/0000-0002-1465-1010 FU University of Nebraska-Lincoln; JSPS; Next Generation SuperComputing Project; MEXT, Japan; Danish Research Agency; USA National Science Foundation FX Contract/grant sponsors: University of Nebraska-Lincoln, JSPS, Next Generation SuperComputing Project, Nanoscience Program (MEXT, Japan), Danish Research Agency; USA National Science Foundation Petascale Applications grant NR 77 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 31 IS 4 BP 778 EP 790 DI 10.1002/jcc.21363 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 560SG UT WOS:000274922000010 PM 19569184 ER PT J AU Liska, R Shashkov, M Vachal, P Wendroff, B AF Liska, Richard Shashkov, Mikhail Vachal, Pavel Wendroff, Burton TI Optimization-based synchronized flux-corrected conservative interpolation (remapping) of mass and momentum for arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian methods SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE FCT; Flux-corrected remapping; ALE ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; OF-COMPUTATIONAL-PHYSICS; UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS; COMPUTING-METHOD; FLOW SPEEDS; ALE METHOD; ADVECTION; TRANSPORT; HYDROCODES; EFFICIENT AB A new optimization-based synchronized flux-corrected conservative interpolation (remapping) of mass and momentum for arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian hydro methods is described. Fluxes of conserved variables - mass and momentum - are limited in a synchronous way to preserve local bounds of primitive variables - density and velocity. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Shashkov, Mikhail; Wendroff, Burton] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Liska, Richard; Vachal, Pavel] Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn, CR-11519 Prague 1, Czech Republic. RP Shashkov, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM liska@siduri.fjfi.cvut.cz; shashkov@lanl.gov; vachal@galileo.fjfi.cvut.cz; bbw@lanl.gov RI Vachal, Pavel/G-2131-2011; Liska, Richard/C-3142-2009; OI Liska, Richard/0000-0002-6149-0440; Vachal, Pavel/0000-0002-6668-9045 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development program (LDRD) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory; Czech Ministry of Education [MSM 6840770022, MSM 6840770010, LC528] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. The authors acknowledge the partial support of the DOE Advance Simulation and Computing (ASC) Program and the DOE Office of Science ASCR Program, and the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program (LDRD) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The first and the third author have been supported in part by the Czech Ministry of Education grants MSM 6840770022, MSM 6840770010 and LC528.; The authors thank P. Smolarkiewicz, D. Kuzmin, C. Schar, B. Kashiwa, T. Ringler, J. Shadid, L. Margolin and B. Rider for fruitful discussions and constructive comments. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 229 IS 5 BP 1467 EP 1497 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2009.10.039 PG 31 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 552QY UT WOS:000274309700005 ER PT J AU Wang, P AF Wang, Ping TI Modeling material responses by arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation and adaptive mesh refinement method SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian; Adaptive mesh refinement; Elastic-plastic flow; Fragmentation; Johnson-Cook failure model ID HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; EQUATIONS; SCHEME; RING AB In this paper we report an efficient numerical method combining a staggered arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) formulation with the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) method for materials modeling including elastic-plastic flows, material failure, and fragmentation predictions. Unlike traditional AMR applied on fixed domains, our investigation focuses on the application to moving and deforming meshes resulting from Lagrangian motion. We give details of this numerical method with a capability to simulate elastic-plastic flows and predict material failure and fragmentation, and our main focus of this paper is to create an efficient method which combines ALE and AMR methods to simulate the dynamics of material responses with deformation and failure mechanisms. The interlevel operators and boundary conditions for these problems in AMR meshes have been investigated, and error indicators to locate material deformation and failure regions are studied. The method has been applied on several test problems, and the solutions of the problems obtained with the ALE-AMR method are reported. Parallel performance and software design for the ALE-AMR method are also discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-039, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM wang32@llnl.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work is performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The author wishes to acknowledge Dr. Robert Anderson for his support for this work, and the author benefits a lot from his early research work on ALE-AMR for gas dynamics. The author likes to thank Dr. Rich Becker for suggesting the ring problem and Dr. Alice Koniges for stimulating discussions for possible future applications. The author also likes to acknowledge the SAMRAI group of the Center for Applied Scientific Computing (CASC), the ALE-AMR group of CASC, and ALE3D group at LLNL for their support for this work. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 229 IS 5 BP 1573 EP 1599 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2009.10.045 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 552QY UT WOS:000274309700010 ER PT J AU Luu, T Brooks, ED Szoke, A AF Luu, Thomas Brooks, Eugene D., III Szoke, Abraham TI Generalized reference fields and source interpolation for the difference formulation of radiation transport SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Difference formulation; Radiation transport; Implicit Monte Carlo ID MONTE-CARLO METHOD; TRANSFER EQUATIONS; DISCRETIZATION AB In the difference formulation for the transport of thermally emitted photons the photon intensity is defined relative to a reference field, the black body at the local material temperature. This choice of reference field combines the separate emission and absorption terms that nearly cancel, thereby removing the dominant cause of noise in the Monte Carlo solution of thick systems, but introduces time and space derivative source terms that cannot be determined until the end of the time step. The space derivative source term can also lead to noise induced crashes under certain conditions where the real physical photon intensity differs strongly from a black body at the local material temperature. In this paper, we consider a difference formulation relative to the material temperature at the beginning of the time step, or in cases where an alternative temperature better describes the radiation field, that temperature. The result is a method where iterative solution of the material energy equation is efficient and noise induced Crashes are avoided. We couple our generalized reference field scheme with an ad hoc interpolation of the space derivative source, resulting in an algorithm that produces the correct flux between zones as the physical system approaches the thick limit. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Luu, Thomas; Brooks, Eugene D., III; Szoke, Abraham] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Brooks, ED (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM brooks3@llnl.gov FU US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 229 IS 5 BP 1626 EP 1642 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2009.10.049 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 552QY UT WOS:000274309700013 ER PT J AU Istok, JD Park, M Michalsen, M Spain, AM Krumholz, LR Liu, C McKinley, J Long, P Roden, E Peacock, AD Baldwin, B AF Istok, J. D. Park, M. Michalsen, M. Spain, A. M. Krumholz, L. R. Liu, C. McKinley, J. Long, P. Roden, E. Peacock, A. D. Baldwin, B. TI A thermodynamically-based model for predicting microbial growth and community composition coupled to system geochemistry: Application to uranium bioreduction SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biogeochemistry; Uranium; Bioreduction; Thermodynamics; Modeling ID METAL-REDUCING BACTERIUM; IN-SITU BIOSTIMULATION; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; BIOMASS YIELDS; POROUS-MEDIA; REDUCTION; GROUNDWATER; OXIDE; FE(III); IRON AB 'Bioimmobilization' of redox-sensitive heavy metals and radionuclides is being investigated as a way to remediate contaminated groundwater and sediments. In one approach, growth-limiting substrates are added to the subsurface to stimulate the activity of targeted groups of indigenous microorganisms and create conditions favorable for the microbially-mediated reductive precipitation ('bioreduction') of targeted contaminants. We present a theoretical framework for modeling this process that modifies conventional geochemical reaction path modeling to include thermodynamic descriptions for microbial growth and may be called biogeochemical reaction path modeling. In this approach, the actual microbial community is represented by a synthetic microbial community consisting of a collection of microbial groups; each with a unique growth equation that couples a specific pair of energy yielding redox reactions. The growth equations and their computed standard-state free energy yields are appended to the thermodynamic database used in conventional geochemical reaction path modeling, providing a direct coupling between chemical species participating in both microbial growth and geochemical reactions. To compute the biogeochemical reaction paths, growth substrates are reacted incrementally with the defined geochemical environment and the coupled equations are solved simultaneously to predict reaction paths that display changing microbial biomass, community composition (i.e. the fraction of total biomass in each microbial group), and the aqueous and mineral composition of the system, including aqueous speciation and oxidation state of the targeted contaminants. The approach, with growth equations derived from the literature using well-known bioenergetics principles, was used to predict the results of a laboratory microcosm experiment and an in situ field experiment that investigated the bioreduction of uranium. Predicted effects of ethanol or acetate addition on uranium concentration and speciation, major ion geochemistry, mineralogy, microbial biomass and community composition were in qualitative agreement with experimental observations although the available data precluded rigorous model testing. While originally developed for use in better understanding of bioimmobilization of heavy metals and radionuclides, the modeling approach is potentially useful for exploring the coupling of microbial growth and geochemical reactions in a variety of other basic and applied biotechnology research settings. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Istok, J. D.; Park, M.; Michalsen, M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Spain, A. M.; Krumholz, L. R.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Liu, C.; McKinley, J.; Long, P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Roden, E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Peacock, A. D.; Baldwin, B.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Biomarker Anal, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Istok, JD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jack.istok@orst.edu RI Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009 FU DOE Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [FG03-02ER63443, DE-FC02-96ER62278, FG02-00ER62986, DE-FG02-06ER64184, DE-FG04-ER64172] FX This research was supported by Grants FG03-02ER63443, DE-FC02-96ER62278, FG02-00ER62986 (subcontract FSU F48792), DE-FG02-06ER64184, and DE-FG04-ER64172 from the DOE Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Sciences Program. Additional support was provided by Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) grant from the National Science Foundation. The authors would like to thank R.T. Anderson and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 58 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 112 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2009.07.004 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 571EY UT WOS:000275735600001 PM 19683832 ER PT J AU Molins, S Mayer, KU Amos, RT Bekins, BA AF Molins, S. Mayer, K. U. Amos, R. T. Bekins, B. A. TI Vadose zone attenuation of organic compounds at a crude oil spill site - Interactions between biogeochemical reactions and multicomponent gas transport SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reactive transport modeling; Vadose zone; Natural attenuation; Organic contaminants; Multicomponent gas transport ID UNSATURATED ZONE; NATURAL ATTENUATION; GRAVEL AQUIFER; SHALLOW SAND; POROUS-MEDIA; METHANE OXIDATION; VAPOR TRANSPORT; COVER SOILS; BIODEGRADATION; MODEL AB Contaminant attenuation processes in the vadose zone of a crude oil spill site near Bemidji, MN have been simulated with a reactive transport model that includes multicomponent gas transport, solute transport, and the most relevant biogeochemical reactions. Dissolution and volatilization of oil components, their aerobic and anaerobic degradation coupled with sequential electron acceptor consumption, ingress of atmospheric O(2), and the release of CH(4) and CO(2) from the smear zone generated by the floating oil were considered. The focus of the simulations was to assess the dynamics between biodegradation and gas transport processes in the vadose zone, to evaluate the rates and contributions of different electron accepting processes towards vadose zone natural attenuation, and to provide an estimate of the historical mass loss. Concentration distributions of reactive (O(2), CH(4), and CO(2)) and non-reactive (Ar and N(2)) gases served as key constraints for the model calibration. Simulation results confirm that as of 2007, the main degradation pathway can be attributed to methanogenic degradation of organic compounds in the smear zone and the vadose zone resulting in a contaminant plume dominated by high CH(4) concentrations. In accordance with field observations, zones of volatilization and CH generation are correlated to slightly elevated total gas pressures and low partial pressures of N(2) and Ar, while zones of aerobic CH(4) oxidation are characterized by slightly reduced gas pressures and elevated concentrations of N(2) and Ar. Diffusion is the most significant transport mechanism for gases in the vadose zone: however, the simulations also indicate that, despite very small pressure gradients, advection contributes up to 15% towards the net flux of CH(4), and to a more limited extent to O(2) ingress. Model calibration strongly suggests that transfer of biogenically generated gases from the smear zone provides a major control on vadose zone gas distributions and vadose zone carbon balance. Overall, the model was successful in capturing the complex interactions between biogeochemical reactions and multicomponent gas transport processes. However, despite employing a process-based modeling approach, honoring observed parameter ranges, and generally obtaining good agreement between field observations and model simulations, accurate quantification of natural attenuation rates remains difficult. The modeling results are affected by uncertainties regarding gas phase saturations, tortuosities, and the magnitude of CH(4) and CO(2) flux from the smear zone. These findings highlight the need to better delineate gas fluxes at the model boundaries, which will help constrain contaminant degradation rates, and ultimately source zone longevity. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Molins, S.; Mayer, K. U.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Amos, R. T.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Bekins, B. A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Molins, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd MS 90R1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM smolins@lbl.gov RI Molins, Sergi/A-9097-2012; OI Molins, Sergi/0000-0001-7675-3218; Mayer, K. Ulrich/0000-0002-4168-781X FU NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada); K. Ulrich Mayer and a University Graduate Fellowship; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Alberta Innovation and Science; British Columbia Advanced Education FX Funding for this research was provided through an NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada) discovery grant held by K. Ulrich Mayer and a University Graduate Fellowship awarded to S. Molins. This research has been enabled by the use of WestGrid computing resources, which are funded in part by the Canada Foundation for Innovation, Alberta Innovation and Science, British Columbia Advanced Education, and the participating research institutions. WestGrid equipment is provided by IBM, Hewlett Packard and SGI. The authors would like to thank Geoff Delin (USGS, Lakewood, CO) and Chris Green (USGS, Menlo Park, CA) for thoughtful and constructive reviews of an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 55 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 112 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 15 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2009.09.002 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 571EY UT WOS:000275735600002 PM 19853961 ER PT J AU Zhao, J Fang, YL Scheibe, TD Lovley, DR Mahadevan, R AF Zhao, Jiao Fang, Yilin Scheibe, Timothy D. Lovley, Derek R. Mahadevan, R. TI Modeling and sensitivity analysis of electron capacitance for Geobacter in sedimentary environments SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Geobacter; Bioremediation; Electron capacitors; Uranium; Fe(III) reduction; Global sensitivity analysis ID C-TYPE CYTOCHROMES; URANIUM-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; CRYSTALLINE IRON(III) OXIDES; INSOLUBLE FE(III) OXIDE; IN-SITU BIOSTIMULATION; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; SYSTEMS-BIOLOGY; DESULFOVIBRIO-VULGARIS; DISSIMILATORY FE(III); COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AB In situ stimulation of the metabolic activity of Geobacter species through acetate amendment has been shown to be a promising bioremediation strategy to reduce and immobilize hexavalent uranium [U(VI)] as insoluble U(IV). Although Geobacter species are reducing U(VI), they primarily grow via Fe(III) reduction. Unfortunately, the biogeochemistry and the physiology of simultaneous reduction of multiple metals are still poorly understood. A detailed model is therefore required to better understand the pathways leading to U(VI) and Fe(III) reduction by Geobacter species. Based on recent experimental evidence of temporary electron capacitors in Geobacter we propose a novel kinetic model that physically distinguishes planktonic cells into electron-loaded and -unloaded states. Incorporation of an electron load-unload cycle into the model provides insight into U(VI) reduction efficiency, and elucidates the relationship between U(VI)- and Fe(III)-reducing activity and further explains the correlation of high U(VI) removal with high fractions of planktonic cells in subsurface environments. Global sensitivity analysis was used to determine the level of importance of geochemical and microbial processes controlling Geobacter growth and U(VI) reduction, suggesting that the electron load-unload cycle and the resulting repartition of the microbes between aqueous and attached phases are critical for U(VI) reduction. As compared with conventional Monod modeling approaches without inclusion of the electron capacitance, the new model attempts to incorporate a novel cellular mechanism that has a significant impact on the outcome of in situ bioremediation. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Jiao; Mahadevan, R.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem Engn & Appl Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada. [Fang, Yilin; Scheibe, Timothy D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Lovley, Derek R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mahadevan, R.] Univ Toronto, Inst Biomat & Biomed Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada. RP Mahadevan, R (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Chem Engn & Appl Chem, 200 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada. EM krishna.mahadevan@utoronto.ca RI Scheibe, Timothy/A-8788-2008; Mahadevan, Radhakrishnan/A-8502-2008; Fang, Yilin/J-5137-2015 OI Scheibe, Timothy/0000-0002-8864-5772; Mahadevan, Radhakrishnan/0000-0002-1270-9063; FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER64367, DE-FC02-02ER63446] FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy from grant DE-FG02-07ER64367 and from the Environmental Remediation Sciences Program under Cooperative Agreement (DE-FC02-02ER63446). NR 63 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 EI 1873-6009 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 112 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 30 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2009.10.002 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 571EY UT WOS:000275735600003 PM 19892431 ER PT J AU Li, L Steefel, CI Kowalsky, MB Englert, A Hubbard, SS AF Li, Li Steefel, Carl I. Kowalsky, Michael B. Englert, Andreas Hubbard, Susan S. TI Effects of physical and geochemical heterogeneities on mineral transformation and biomass accumulation during biostimulation experiments at Rifle, Colorado SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Uranium bioremediation; Heterogeneity; Mineral transformation; Biomass accumulation; Reactive transport modeling; Biogeochemical process ID POROUS-MEDIA; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; GEOBACTER-SULFURREDUCENS; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; REACTION-RATES; URANIUM BIOREMEDIATION; SULFATE REDUCTION; BIOFILM GROWTH; TRANSPORT; GROUNDWATER AB Electron donor amendment for bioremediation often results in precipitation of secondary minerals and the growth of biomass, both of which can potentially change flow paths and the efficacy of bioremediation. Quantitative estimation of precipitate and biomass distribution has remained challenging, partly due to the intrinsic heterogeneities of natural porous media and the scarcity of field data. In this work, we examine the effects of physical and geochemical heterogeneities on the spatial distributions of mineral precipitates and biomass accumulated during a biostimulation field experiment near Rifle, Colorado. Field bromide breakthrough data were used to infer a heterogeneous distribution of hydraulic conductivity through inverse transport modeling, while the solid phase Fe(III) content was determined by assuming a negative correlation with hydraulic conductivity. Validated by field aqueous geochemical data, reactive transport modeling was used to explicitly keep track of the growth of the biomass and to estimate the spatial distribution of precipitates and biomass. The results show that the maximum mineral precipitation and biomass accumulation occurs in the vicinity of the injection wells, occupying up to 5.4vol.% of the pore space, and is dominated by reaction products of sulfate reduction. Accumulation near the injection wells is not strongly affected by heterogeneities present in the system due to the ubiquitous presence of sulfate in the groundwater. However, accumulation in the down-gradient regions is dominated by the iron-reducing reaction products, whose spatial patterns are strongly controlled by both physical and geochemical heterogeneities. Heterogeneities can lead to localized large accumulation of mineral precipitates and biomass, increasing the possibility of pore clogging. Although ignoring the heterogeneities of the system can lead to adequate prediction of the average behavior of sulfate-reducing related products, it can also lead to an overestimation of the overall accumulation of iron-reducing bacteria, as well as the rate and extent of iron reduction. Surprisingly, the model predicts that the total amount of uranium being reduced in the heterogeneous 2D system was similar to that in the 1D homogeneous system, suggesting that the overall uranium bioremediation efficacy may not be significantly affected by the heterogeneities of Fe(III) content in the down-gradient regions. Rather, the characteristics close to the vicinity of the injection wells might be crucial in determining the overall efficacy of uranium bioremediation. These findings have important implications not only for uranium bioremediation at the Rifle site and for bioremediation of other redox sensitive contaminants at sites with similar characteristics, but also for the development of optimal amendment delivery strategies in other settings. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Li; Steefel, Carl I.; Kowalsky, Michael B.; Englert, Andreas; Hubbard, Susan S.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Energy & Mineral Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM lili@eme.psu.edu RI Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010; Hubbard, Susan/E-9508-2010; Li, Li/A-6077-2008 OI Li, Li/0000-0002-1641-3710 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0205CH11231] FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research Program Contract DE-AC0205CH11231 to the LBNL Sustainable Systems Scientific Focus Area. We acknowledge Phil Long (PNNL) and the Rifle lFRC research team for facilitating collaboration and access to Rifle datasets. We thank Li Yang of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory for carrying out the hydroxylamine extractions used in Table 2. We also acknowledge Dr. Albert J. Valocchi and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that have improved this paper. NR 75 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 112 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 45 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2009.10.006 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 571EY UT WOS:000275735600004 PM 20036028 ER PT J AU Gu, CH Riley, WJ AF Gu, Chuanhui Riley, William J. TI Combined effects of short term rainfall patterns and soil texture on soil nitrogen cycling - A modeling analysis SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE GHG emission; Vadoze zone; Biogeochemistry; Climate change; N cycle; Nitrate leaching ID WATER; OXIDE; PRECIPITATION; EMISSIONS; CARBON; N2O; DENITRIFICATION; GRASSLAND; TRANSPORT; TRANSFORMATIONS AB Precipitation variability and magnitude are expected to change in many parts of the world over the 21st century. We examined the potential effects of intra-annual rainfall patterns on soil nitrogen (N) transport and transformation in the unsaturated soil zone using a deterministic dynamic modeling approach. The model (TOUGHREACT-N), which has been tested and applied in several experimental and observational systems, mechanistically accounts for microbial activity, soil moisture dynamics that respond to precipitation variability, and gaseous and aqueous tracer transport in the soil. Here, we further tested and calibrated the model against data from a precipitation variability experiment in a tropical system in Costa Rica. The model was then used to simulate responses of soil moisture, microbial dynamics, N leaching, and N trace-gas emissions to changes in rainfall patterns; the effect of soil texture was also examined. The temporal variability of nitrate leaching and NO, NH(3), and N(2)O effluxes were significantly influenced by rainfall dynamics. Soil texture combined with rainfall dynamics altered soil moisture dynamics, and consequently regulated soil N responses to precipitation changes. The clay loam soil more effectively buffered water stress during relatively long intervals between precipitation events, particularly after a large rainfall event. Subsequent soil N aqueous and gaseous losses showed either increases or decreases in response to increasing precipitation variability due to complex soil moisture dynamics. For a high rainfall scenario, high precipitation variability resulted in as high as 2.4-, 2.4-, 1.2, and 13-fold increases in NH(3), NO, N(2)O and NO(3)(-) fluxes, respectively, in clay loam soil. In sandy loam soil, however, NO and N(2)O fluxes decreased by 15% and 28%, respectively, in response to high precipitation variability. Our results demonstrate that soil N cycling responses to increasing precipitation variability depends on precipitation amount and soil texture, and that accurate prediction of future N cycling and gas effluxes requires models with relatively sophisticated representation of the relevant processes. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gu, Chuanhui] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Water Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Riley, William J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Gu, CH (reprint author), Appalachian State Univ, Dept Geol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. EM cg8k@virginia.edu RI Riley, William/D-3345-2015; Gu, Chuanhui/D-1781-2017 OI Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304; Gu, Chuanhui/0000-0003-3445-648X NR 44 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 112 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 141 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2009.12.003 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 571EY UT WOS:000275735600011 PM 20116129 ER PT J AU Freivogel, B AF Freivogel, Ben TI Anthropic explanation of the dark matter abundance SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE axions; dark matter theory; initial conditions and eternal universe ID COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; STATIONARY UNIVERSE; AXION COSMOLOGY; INVISIBLE AXION AB I use Bousso's causal diamond measure to make a statistical prediction for the dark matter abundance, assuming an axion with a large decay constant f(alpha) >> 10(12) GeV. Using a crude approximation for observer formation, the prediction agrees well with observation: 30% of observers form in regions with less dark matter than we observe, while 70% of observers form in regions with more dark matter. Large values of the dark matter ratio are disfavored by an elementary effect: increasing the amount of dark matter while holding fixed the baryon to photon ratio decreases the number of baryons inside one horizon volume. Thus the prediction is rather insensitive to assumptions about observer formation in universes with much more dark matter than our own. The key assumption is that the number of observers per baryon is roughly independent of the dark matter ratio for ratios near the observed value. C1 [Freivogel, Ben] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Freivogel, Ben] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Freivogel, Ben] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Freivogel, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM freivogel@berkeley.edu FU Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics; NSF CAREER [0349351]; DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX I would like to thank Raphael Bousso, Simeon Hellerman, Ann Nelson, Stefan Leichenauer, Leonard Susskind, and especially Jens Niemeyer for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics, by NSF CAREER grant 0349351, and by DOE grant DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD MAR PY 2010 IS 3 AR 021 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2010/03/021 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 575XG UT WOS:000276103000013 ER PT J AU Allerman, AA Crawford, MH Miller, MA Lee, SR AF Allerman, A. A. Crawford, M. H. Miller, M. A. Lee, S. R. TI Growth and characterization of Mg-doped AlGaN-AlN short-period superlattices for deep-UV optoelectronic devices SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition; Superlattices; Nitrides; Semiconducting aluminum compounds; AlGaN ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES AB We report the growth and characterization of Mg-doped, short-period superlattices (Mg-SPSLs) consisting of AlN and Al(0.23)Ga(0.77)N epilayers grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. Superlattices with periods ranging from 10 to 25 angstrom and with an average Al composition of 0.42-0.74 were investigated. Optical transmission measurements showed that these structures have optical transparencies similar to random-alloy Al(x)Ga(1-x)N epilayers of the same average composition. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements confirmed that the period and average Al composition of the superlattices were in agreement with targeted values. Additionally. Mg doping of SPSL structures degraded or eliminated satellite peaks that were otherwise observed in the XRD scans of undoped or Si-doped SPSL structures, suggesting that the presence of Mg during growth alters the interfaces of the epilayers. P-type doping typically produced lateral resistivities of less than 10 ohm cm, and notably, a p-type resistivity of 6 ohm cm was measured in a Mg-SPSL structure with an average Al composition of 0.74. Analysis of temperature dependent resistivity showed an activation energy of 29 meV for a Mg-SPSL with an average composition of 0.62 and 18 meV for a Mg-SPSL with a composition of 0.49. The combined optical and electrical characteristics of these p-SPSLs suggest they could be potential candidates for wide bandgap p-type cladding layers in deep-UV laser diode structures. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Allerman, A. A.; Crawford, M. H.; Miller, M. A.; Lee, S. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Allerman, AA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,M-S1086, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM aaaller@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 312 IS 6 BP 756 EP 761 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.12.047 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 574SD UT WOS:000276012400003 ER PT J AU Kim, KH Gul, R Carcelen, V Bolotinkov, AE Carmarda, GS Yang, G Hossain, A Cui, Y James, RB Hong, J Kim, SU AF Kim, K. H. Gul, R. Carcelen, V. Bolotinkov, A. E. Carmarda, G. S. Yang, G. Hossain, A. Cui, Y. James, R. B. Hong, J. Kim, S. U. TI Defect levels and thermomigration of Te precipitates in CdZnTe:Pb SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Doping; Point defects; Bridgman technique; Cadmium compounds; Semiconducting II-VI materials ID CDTE; DETECTORS; IRRADIATION; CRYSTALS AB Semi-insulating Cd(0.9)Zn(0.1)Te:Pb crystals were grown by the vertical Bridgman method. Measurements of the current deep level transient spectroscopy (I-DLTS) revealed three trap levels in this material. Unlike other compensating dopants, CdZnTe:Pb samples do not show any Cd-vacancies defects and A-center levels. We subjected them to temperature-gradient annealing in Cd overpressure at 490-717 degrees C, and recorded an exponential relationship between the annihilation time of Te precipitates and the annealing temperature. The energy resolution of an annealed CdZnTe:Pb detector, tested using a (137)Cs radioactive source, gave an energy resolution of 2.5%. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, K. H.; Gul, R.; Carcelen, V.; Bolotinkov, A. E.; Carmarda, G. S.; Yang, G.; Hossain, A.; Cui, Y.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Hong, J.; Kim, S. U.] Korea Univ, Dept Phys, Chungnam 339800, South Korea. [Carcelen, V.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Mat, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RP Kim, KH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM khkim@bnl.gov RI Yang, Ge/G-1354-2011; Carcelen, Veronica /B-3750-2017 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development [NA-22]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH1-886] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development, NA-22. The manuscript has been authored by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract no. DE-AC02-98CH1-886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 312 IS 6 BP 781 EP 784 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.11.069 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 574SD UT WOS:000276012400007 ER PT J AU Silling, SA AF Silling, S. A. TI Linearized Theory of Peridynamic States SO JOURNAL OF ELASTICITY LA English DT Article DE Peridynamics; Linearization; Elasticity; Continuum mechanics; Nonlocal; Constitutive modeling ID LONG-RANGE FORCES; ELASTICITY THEORY; CONVERGENCE; EQUATION; BAR AB A state-based peridynamic material model describes internal forces acting on a point in terms of the collective deformation of all the material within a neighborhood of the point. In this paper, the response of a state-based peridynamic material is investigated for a small deformation superposed on a large deformation. The appropriate notion of a small deformation restricts the relative displacement between points, but it does not involve the deformation gradient (which would be undefined on a crack). The material properties that govern the linearized material response are expressed in terms of a new quantity called the modulus state. This determines the force in each bond resulting from an incremental deformation of itself or of other bonds. Conditions are derived for a linearized material model to be elastic, objective, and to satisfy balance of angular momentum. If the material is elastic, then the modulus state is obtainable from the second Fr,chet derivative of the strain energy density function. The equation of equilibrium with a linearized material model is a linear Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. An analogue of Poincar,'s theorem is proved that applies to the infinite dimensional space of all peridynamic vector states, providing a condition similar to irrotationality in vector calculus. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Multiscale Dynam Mat Modeling Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Silling, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Multiscale Dynam Mat Modeling Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sasilli@sandia.gov FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The author gratefully acknowledges helpful discussions with Drs. Abe Askari, Florin Bobaru, Richard Lehoucq, Robert Lipton, Michael Parks, and Olaf Weckner. This work was supported through a Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 16 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0374-3535 J9 J ELASTICITY JI J. Elast. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 99 IS 1 BP 85 EP 111 DI 10.1007/s10659-009-9234-0 PG 27 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 551ZB UT WOS:000274251600005 ER PT J AU Smalley, JF AF Smalley, John F. TI Kinetics of interfacial ion-transfer reactions studied using the indirect laser-induced temperature jump technique: Theory SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Interfacial ion-transfer kinetics; Adsorption/desorption; Coulostatic temperature perturbation; Indirect laser-induced temperature jump technique ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ANION-ADSORPTION; GOLD; PT(111); UPD AB For fast, interfacial ion-transfer(adsorption/desorption) reactions, I demonstrate the development of a relationship describing the time dependence of the open-circuit potential change (Delta V(oc)(t)) initiated by the coulostatic temperature perturbation associated with the indirect laser-induced temperature jump (ILIT) technique. The form of this relationship is exactly the same as the one developed for interfacial electron-transfer (ET) reactions of solution-dissolved redox couples. However, the definitions of the parameters associated with this relationship (e.g., the measured rate constant (k(m,a/d)) and the mass-transfer parameter (P(75,a/d)))are unique to and are functions of the chemical kinetic and (some of) the thermodynamic properties of the adsorption/desorption reactions. An additional analysis of the time dependence of the ILIT-induced open-circuit potential change (AV,,,,(t)) effected by the ET reaction of a reversibly adsorbed redox couple (where only the adsorbed redox species undergo the ET reaction) also results in a relationship that is the same as that developed for solution-dissolved redox couples, but the definitions of k(m,et) and P(75,et) are. again, different for the reversibly adsorbed redox moieties. The analyses associated with these developments are relevant to possible studies (using ILIT or other coulostatic perturbation techniques) of the adsorption/desorption reactions pertinent to many technologically important electrochemical processes. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Smalley, JF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM smalley@bnl.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1572-6657 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 640 IS 1-2 BP 68 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.01.003 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 571QC UT WOS:000275768500010 ER PT J AU Bluhm, H AF Bluhm, Hendrik TI Photoelectron spectroscopy of surfaces under humid conditions SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Water adsorption; Environmental science ID NEAR-AMBIENT CONDITIONS; IONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; LIQUID-VAPOR INTERFACE; SOLID POTASSIUM-IODIDE; METAL-OXIDE SURFACES; GAS SHIFT REACTION; WATER-ADSORPTION; DISSOCIATIVE ADSORPTION; ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY AB The interaction of water with surfaces plays a major role in many processes in the environment, atmosphere and technology. Weathering of rocks, adhesion between surfaces, and ionic conductance along surfaces are among many phenomena that are governed by the adsorption of molecularly thin water layers under ambient humidities. The properties of these thin water films, in particular their thickness, structure and hydrogen-bonding to the substrate as well as within the water film are up to now not very well understood. Ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) is a promising technique for the investigation of the properties of thin water films. In this article we will discuss the basics of APXPS as well as the particular challenges that are posed by investigations in water vapor at Torr pressures. We will also show examples of the application of APXPS to the study of water films on metals and oxides. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bluhm, H (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM HBluhm@lbl.gov FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences of the U.S. Department of Energy at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Sciences Division in the Department of Energy FX A large part of this work was performed in the framework of the Stanford Environmental Molecular Science Institute. The contributions in particular of D.E. Starr, J.T. Newberg, E.R. Mysak, G. Ketteler, K.R. Wilson, E.K. Wong, T. Tyliszczak, Ch.D. Weis, A. Verdaguer, X. Deng, T. Herranz-Cruz, S. Porsgaard, E.L.D. Hebenstreit, D.F. Ogletree, S. Yamamoto, K. Andersson, H. Ogasawara, S. Kaya, T. Kendelewicz, L.G.M. Pettersson, M. Salmeron, G.E. Brown, Jr., and A. Nilsson are gratefully acknowledged. This research, the ALS, and the ALS-MES beamline 11.0.2 are supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences of the U.S. Department of Energy at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We also acknowledge support by the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Sciences Division in the Department of Energy, for support of the Stanford Environmental Molecular Science Institute. NR 115 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 7 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 177 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 71 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2009.08.006 PG 14 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 599YB UT WOS:000277949100003 ER PT J AU Guo, JH Luo, Y AF Guo, Jinghua Luo, Yi TI Molecular structure in water and solutions studied by photon-in/photon-out soft X-ray spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE Water; Electronic structure; Hydrogen bonding; Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy; Soft X-ray emission spectroscopy; Ion solvation ID HYDROGEN-BOND NETWORK; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; CORE-HOLE STATES; LIQUID WATER; EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; EXCITATION AB We demonstrate how X-ray emission spectroscopy can be used to elucidate the molecular structure of liquid water, liquid methanol, methanol-water mixtures, as well as cation-water solutions, and to reveal the influence of the intermolecular interaction on the local electronic structure of water molecules. By comparing X-ray emission spectra of the water molecule and liquid water, a strong involvement of the total-symmetric valence-orbital is found in the hydrogen bonding. The local electronic structure of water molecules under different broken hydrogen bonding situations can be separately determined. We find that molecules in the pure liquid methanol in a confined sample cell predominantly persist as hydrogen-bonded chains and rings with six and/or eight molecules of equal abundance. For water methanol solutions the evidence of incomplete mixing is observed at the microscopic level, which provides a new explanation for a smaller entropy increase in the solution due to water molecules bridging methanol chains to form rings. Further, the influences of cations on the water molecular structure have been studied by the X-ray absorption and emission spectra. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Guo, Jinghua] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Luo, Yi] AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Royal Inst Technol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Guo, JH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jguo@lbl.gov RI Luo, Yi/B-1449-2009 OI Luo, Yi/0000-0003-0007-0394 FU office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, and the Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Authors would like to acknowledge the major contributions from a number of collaborators on this topics over the years, to name a few: A. Augustsson, S. Kashtanov, J. Nordgren, H. Agren, C.-J. Englund, J.-E. Rubensson, L-C. Duda, S. Butorin, K. O. Kvashnina, D. Shuh, C.L. Dong, J.W. Chiou, C.L. Chang, etc. The ALS work is supported by the office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, and the Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. NR 62 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 EI 1873-2526 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 177 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 181 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2010.02.011 PG 11 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 599YB UT WOS:000277949100010 ER PT J AU Weinhardt, L Fuchs, O Blum, M Bar, M Weigand, M Denlinger, JD Zubavichus, Y Zharnikov, M Grunze, M Heske, C Umbach, E AF Weinhardt, L. Fuchs, O. Blum, M. Baer, M. Weigand, M. Denlinger, J. D. Zubavichus, Y. Zharnikov, M. Grunze, M. Heske, C. Umbach, E. TI Resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy of liquid water: Novel instrumentation, high resolution, and the "map" approach SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE Water; X-ray emission; High resolution; Hydrogen bonds; X-ray absorption; Liquids ID ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY AB Techniques to study the electronic structure of liquids are rare. Most recently, resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) has been shown to be an extremely versatile spectroscopy to study both occupied and unoccupied electronic states for liquids in thermodynamic equilibrium. However, XES requires high-brilliance soft X-ray synchrotron radiation and poses significant technical challenges to maintain a liquid sample in an ultra-high vacuum environment. Our group has therefore developed and constructed a novel experimental setup for the study of liquids, with the long-term goal of investigating the electronic structure of biological systems in aqueous environments. We have developed a flow-through liquid cell in which the liquid is separated from vacuum by a thin Si3N4 or SiC window and which allows a precise control of temperature. This approach has significant advantages compared to static liquids cells used in the past. Furthermore, we have designed a dedicated high-transmission, high-resolution soft X-ray spectrometer. The high transmission makes it possible to measure complete resonant XES "maps" in less than an hour, giving unprecedented detailed insight into the electronic structure of the investigated sample. Using this new equipment we have investigated the electronic structure of liquid water. Furthermore, our XES spectra and maps give information about ultra-fast dissociation on the timescale of the O 1s core hole lifetime, which is strongly affected by the initial state hydrogen bonding configuration. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Weinhardt, L.; Baer, M.; Heske, C.] Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Fuchs, O.; Blum, M.; Weigand, M.; Umbach, E.] Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Denlinger, J. D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zubavichus, Y.; Zharnikov, M.; Grunze, M.] Heidelberg Univ, Angewandte Phys Chem, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Weinhardt, L (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM lothar.weinhardt@physik.uni-wuerzburg.de; heske@unlv.nevada.edu RI Weinhardt, Lothar/G-1689-2013; Grunze, Michael/H-1600-2013; Zubavichus, Yan/A-3418-2014 OI Zubavichus, Yan/0000-0003-2266-8944 FU German BMBF [05 KS4WWA/6, 05 KS4VHA/4]; Office of Naval Research; DFG; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We are grateful to the ALS staff, in particular W.L. Yang, for technical support. This work was supported by the German BMBF (projects No. 05 KS4VVWA/6 and 05 KS4VHA/4), the Office of Naval Research (M.G.), and the DFG Emmy Noether program (M. Bar). The ALS is supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 EI 1873-2526 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 177 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 206 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2009.02.014 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 599YB UT WOS:000277949100012 ER PT J AU Voss, LF Reinhardt, CE Graff, RT Conway, AM Nikolic, RJ Deo, N Cheung, CL AF Voss, L. F. Reinhardt, C. E. Graff, R. T. Conway, A. M. Nikolic, R. J. Deo, N. Cheung, C. L. TI Etching of (10)Boron with SF6-based Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasmas for Pillar-Structured Thermal Neutron Detectors SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Etch; plasma; boron; radiation; neutron; detector ID GLOW-DISCHARGE; FILMS AB Isotopically enriched (10)boron for use in pillar-structured neutron detectors was successfully etched in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma using SF6-based plasmas. The effects of radio frequency (RF) power, ECR power, gas flow rate, H-2 and O-2 incorporation into the plasma, and gas mixture ratios were examined. Etch rates up to approximately 1.35 mu m/min were realized. In addition, etch morphology was examined, and the final shape of (10)boron-coated pillars could be controlled through the etch gas mixture utilized. Selectivity to the underlying Si structure was apparent from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of completed etches. C1 [Voss, L. F.; Reinhardt, C. E.; Graff, R. T.; Conway, A. M.; Nikolic, R. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Deo, N.; Cheung, C. L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Deo, N.; Cheung, C. L.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Voss, LF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM voss5@llnl.gov RI Voss, Lars/C-3623-2009; Cheung, Chin Li/B-8270-2013 FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-420151] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-420151. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 39 IS 3 BP 263 EP 267 DI 10.1007/s11664-009-1068-9 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 561AQ UT WOS:000274947700001 ER PT J AU Elmer, JW Specht, ED Kumar, M AF Elmer, John W. Specht, Eliot D. Kumar, Mukul TI Microstructure and In Situ Observations of Undercooling for Nucleation of beta-Sn Relevant to Lead-Free Solder Alloys SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE In situ x-ray diffraction; solidification; nucleation; undercooling; twinning; grain boundaries; tin; lead-free solders; cooling rate; microstructure; wetting ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; JOINTS; CU; PHASE; TIN; SOLIDIFICATION; EXPANSION AB Difficult nucleation of beta-Sn during solidification of tin and tin-based lead-free solder alloys can result in high degrees of undercooling of the liquid prior to solidification. The undercooling can produce solder joints with large grains, anisotropic behavior, and undesirable mechanical properties. This paper describes our examination of the amount of undercooling of tin on both graphite (non-wetting) and copper (wetting) surfaces using in situ x-ray diffraction. The microstructure was further characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron backscattering diffraction imaging microscopy. Undercoolings as high as 61A degrees C were observed for Sn solidified on graphite, while lower undercoolings, up to 30A degrees C, were observed for Sn solidified on copper. The microstructure of the high purity Sn sample solidified on graphite showed very few grains in the cross-section, while the commercially pure Sn sample solidified with only one grain and was twinned. Tin solidified on copper contained significant amounts of copper in the tin, intermetallic phase formation at the interface, and a eutectic microstructure. C1 [Elmer, John W.; Kumar, Mukul] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Specht, Eliot D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Elmer, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM elmer1@llnl.gov RI Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009 OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering; U. S. DOE, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX The authors would like to thank Mr. Jackson Go of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) for performing the optical metallography, Mr. Edwin Sedillo of LLNL for performing the SEM and EBSD characterization, Mr. Mike Santella of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for assisting with the x-ray diffraction analysis software, and Jenia Karapetrova of the APS for assisting with the synchrotron beam-line setup and operation. This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and by Oak Ridge National Laboratory under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Much of this work was supported by the Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering. In situ experiments were performed on 34-BM-C at the APS, which is supported by the U. S. DOE, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science under contract no. W-31-109-ENG-38. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 39 IS 3 BP 273 EP 282 DI 10.1007/s11664-010-1080-0 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 561AQ UT WOS:000274947700003 ER PT J AU Cho, HJ Luck, R Chamra, LM AF Cho, Heejin Luck, Rogelio Chamra, Louay M. TI Supervisory Feed-Forward Control for Real-Time Topping Cycle CHP Operation SO JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE cogeneration; feedforward; power generation control; power generation dispatch; power generation economics; thermal energy storage; weather forecasting ID POWER ECONOMIC-DISPATCH; OPTIMAL SCHEDULING CONTROL; COMBINED HEAT; COGENERATION SYSTEMS; COST PENALTIES; OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHM; TRIGENERATION; BUILDINGS; DESIGN AB This paper presents an energy dispatch algorithm for real-time topping cycle cooling, heating, and power (CHP) operation for buildings with the objective of minimizing the operational cost, primary energy consumption (PEC), or carbon dioxide emission (CDE). The algorithm features a supervisory feed-forward control for real-time CHP operation using short-term weather forecasting. The advantages of the proposed control scheme for CHP operation are (a) relatively simple and efficient implementation allowing realistic real-time operation, (b) optimized CHP operation with respect to operational cost, PEC, or CDE, and (c) increased site-energy consumption resulting in less dependence on the electric grid. In the feed-forward portion of the control scheme, short-term electric, cooling, and heating loads are predicted using the U.S. Department of Energy benchmark small office building model. The results are encouraging regarding the potential saving of operational cost, PEC, and CDE from using the control system for a CHP system with electric and thermal energy storages. C1 [Cho, Heejin] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Luck, Rogelio; Chamra, Louay M.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Cho, HJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MSIN K5-16, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM heejin.cho@pnl.gov OI Cho, Heejin/0000-0003-2789-510X NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0195-0738 J9 J ENERG RESOUR-ASME JI J. Energy Resour. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 2010 VL 132 IS 1 AR 012401 DI 10.1115/1.4000920 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 575OR UT WOS:000276077300005 ER PT J AU Oh, CH Kim, ES Patterson, M AF Oh, Chang H. Kim, Eung S. Patterson, Mike TI Design Option of Heat Exchanger for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB The next generation nuclear plant (NGNP), a very high temperature gas-cooled reactor (VHTR) concept, will provide the first demonstration of a closed-loop Brayton cycle at a commercial scale, producing a few hundred megawatts of power in the form of electricity and hydrogen. The power conversion unit for the NGNP will take advantage of the significantly higher reactor outlet temperatures of the VHTRs to provide higher efficiencies than can be achieved with the current generation of light water reactors. Besides demonstrating a system design that can be used directly for subsequent commercial deployment, the NGNP will demonstrate key technology elements that can be used in subsequent advanced power conversion systems for other Generation IV reactors. In anticipation of the design, development, and procurement of an advanced power conversion system for the NGNP, the system integration of the NGNP and hydrogen plant was initiated to identify the important design and technology options that must be considered in evaluating the performance of the proposed NGNP. As part of the system integration of the VHTRs and the hydrogen production plant, the intermediate heat exchanger is used to transfer the process heat from VHTRs to the hydrogen plant. Therefore, the design and configuration of the intermediate heat exchanger are very important. This paper describes analyses of one stage versus two-stage heat exchanger design configurations and simple stress analyses of a printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE), helical-coil heat exchanger, and shell-and-tube heat exchanger. [DOI: 10.1115/1.3126780] C1 [Oh, Chang H.; Kim, Eung S.; Patterson, Mike] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Oh, CH (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. OI Patterson, Michael/0000-0002-8698-3284 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC07-99ID13727] FX This work was supported through the U.S. Department of Energy's NGNP-Engineering Program under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract No. DE-AC07-99ID13727. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 15 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 2010 VL 132 IS 3 AR 032903 DI 10.1115/1.3126780 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 527TA UT WOS:000272388200020 ER PT J AU Barbieri, E Attarzadeh, F Pascali, R Shireen, W Fitzgibbon, W AF Barbieri, Enrique Attarzadeh, Farrokh Pascali, Raresh Shireen, Wajiha Fitzgibbon, William TI On BSE and BSET for the Engineering Profession SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB An educational model for ABET-accredited baccalaureate programs in Engineering (E) and in Engineering Technology (ET) is proposed whereby all students inclined to pursue an engineering career would first complete two years of a 4-year ET program. By the end of the sophomore year, those students interested and skilled enough to follow a more theoretical or conceive-and-design side of an engineering career would go on to complete a degree in perhaps two to four additional years in a department that offered E degrees. The 4-year option would satisfy the Department of Education definition of a 6-year first professional degree. On the other hand, those students interested and skilled enough to follow a more applied or implement-and-operate side of an engineering career would opt to complete a degree in two additional years in a department that offered ET degrees. The model offers clearly defined options to students interested in an industry-based engineering profession two to four years after graduation where conceive-, design-, implement- and operate-tasks are assigned. If adopted, the model will result in several benefits including: (1) improved program marketing; (2) increased enrollment and retention rates; and (3) improved human and facility resource utilization at both undergraduate and graduate E and ET education. C1 [Barbieri, Enrique] Tulane Univ, Fac Elect Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Barbieri, Enrique] Univ Houston, Dept Engn Technol, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Pascali, Raresh] Texas A&M Univ, Texas Maritime Acad, Marine Engn Technol Dept, Galveston, TX USA. [Fitzgibbon, William] Univ Houston, Fac Senate, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Fitzgibbon, William] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Fitzgibbon, William] Univ Bordeaux 1, F-33405 Talence, France. [Fitzgibbon, William] Univ Bordeaux 2, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. [Fitzgibbon, William] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Barbieri, E (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Fac Elect Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N ST, N W, STE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0747-9964 J9 J ENG TECHNOL JI J. Eng. Technol. PD SPR PY 2010 VL 27 IS 1 BP 42 EP 46 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 610ZX UT WOS:000278781200006 ER PT J AU Yoon, SS Figueroa, V Brown, AL Blanchat, TK AF Yoon, Sam S. Figueroa, Victor Brown, Alexander L. Blanchat, Thomas K. TI Experiments and Modeling of Large-scale Benchmark Enclosure Fire Suppression SO JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE fire suppression model; water mist; compartment fire ID LIQUID POOL FIRES; WATER MIST SUPPRESSION; SPRAY; EXTINCTION; SYSTEMS; DROPS; JET AB This article presents a series of experiments on benchmark fire suppression. The experiments were performed in a controlled environment, utilizing a cylindrical object or calorimeter centered above a 2 m diameter pan filled with kerosene-based hydrocarbon fuel, JP8. The experimental setup and procedure for gathering data on water suppression performance are presented. The characteristics of the nozzles used in the experiments are presented as well. The experimental results provide the boundary condition and temporal data necessary for validation of the fire suppression models used. The article also includes simulation results on the fire suppression experimental tests. The suppression simulations were carried out using a numerical model based on a Temporally Filtered Navier-Stokes (TFNS) formulation coupled with a Lagrangian model for droplets, which includes detailed descriptions of the interaction between the water droplets and the fire plume. The results from both experiments and simulations suggest that the criterion for complete suppression depends on a combination of factors including the mass flow rate (or nozzle diameter), nozzle operating pressure, and calorimeter presence. A critical regime which distinguished the regions of suppression and no-suppression in the domain of the mass flow rate versus operating pressure is found. C1 [Yoon, Sam S.] Korea Univ, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Figueroa, Victor; Brown, Alexander L.; Blanchat, Thomas K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Fire & Aerosol Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yoon, SS (reprint author), Korea Univ, Anam Dong 5 Ga, Seoul 136713, South Korea. EM skyoon@korea.ac.kr FU Department of Defense (DTRA); Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Company; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2009-0063169]; KRF [2008-313-D00135] FX This study was sponsored in part by the Department of Defense (DTRA) and was performed at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. Sam Yoon acknowledges that part of this research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2009-0063169) and KRF 2008-313-D00135. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0734-9041 J9 J FIRE SCI JI J. Fire Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 28 IS 2 BP 109 EP 139 DI 10.1177/0734904109104503 PG 31 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 563YX UT WOS:000275178400001 ER PT J AU Antoine, KM Mortazavi, S Miller, AD Miller, LM AF Antoine, Kimone M. Mortazavi, Shirin Miller, Angela D. Miller, Lisa M. TI Chemical Differences Are Observed in Children's Versus Adults' Latent Fingerprints as a Function of Time SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; latent fingerprints; chemical composition; children; Fourier transform infrared microscopy; hierarchical cluster analysis; wax esters; cholesteryl esters; squalene; cholesterol; free fatty acids ID SEBACEOUS GLAND; YOUNG-CHILDREN; FATTY-ACIDS; WAX ESTERS; GC-MS; RESIDUE; LIPIDS; COMPONENTS; SPECTRA; SURFACE AB The identification of aged latent fingerprints is often difficult, especially for those of children. To understand this phenomenon, the chemical composition of children's versus adults' latent fingerprints was examined over time using Fourier transform infrared microscopy. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that children's and adults' prints were distinguishable for up to 4 weeks after deposition, based on differences in sebum composition. Specifically, adults had a higher lipid content than children, but both decreased over time, attributable to the volatility of free fatty acids. The aliphatic CH(3), aliphatic CH(2), and carbonyl ester compositions changed differently in adults versus children over time, consistent with higher cholesterol and cholesteryl esters in children's prints and wax esters and glycerides in adults' prints. Thus, fingerprint composition changes with time differently in children versus adults, making it a sensitive metric to estimate the age of an individual, especially when the age of the print is known. C1 [Antoine, Kimone M.; Mortazavi, Shirin; Miller, Lisa M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Antoine, Kimone M.] CUNY John Jay Coll Criminal Justice, New York, NY 10019 USA. [Miller, Angela D.] Natl Univ, San Diego, CA USA. RP Miller, LM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, 75 Brookhaven Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM lmiller@bnl.gov NR 33 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 55 IS 2 BP 513 EP 518 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01262.x PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 563AV UT WOS:000275098700034 PM 20070471 ER PT J AU Barreiro, JG Catalan, JRM Prior, D Wenk, HR Vogel, S Garcia, FD Arenas, R Martinez, SS Lonardelli, I AF Gomez Barreiro, J. Martinez Catalan, J. R. Prior, D. Wenk, H. -R. Vogel, S. Diaz Garcia, F. Arenas, R. Sanchez Martinez, S. Lonardelli, I. TI Fabric Development in a Middle Devonian Intraoceanic Subduction Regime: The Careon Ophiolite (Northwest Spain) SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ELECTRON BACKSCATTER DIFFRACTION; DISSOLUTION-PRECIPITATION CREEP; DEFORMED PLAGIOCLASE FELDSPARS; SHAPE PREFERRED ORIENTATIONS; TOF NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; IN-HORNBLENDE BAROMETER; RYOKE METAMORPHIC BELT; DUCTILE SHEAR ZONE; OMAN OPHIOLITE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE AB A Middle Devonian suprasubduction zone ophiolite, the Careon Unit (northwest Spain), displays amphibolite-facies ductile deformation fabrics related to the onset of the Rheic Ocean closure. Two different fabrics, an early high-T foliation and a subsequent lower-T foliation, each of which characterized by distinct deformation mechanisms, have been identified in two distinct crustal-scale shear zones of the same ophiolitic thrust sheet. Combined quantitative texture analysis by electron backscattered diffraction and time-of-flight neutron diffraction, were carried out on the shear zones and correlated with micro-and macrostructural data. The results indicate that the regional lineation and shear zone kinematics (east-west, top-to-the-east) represent fabrics developed essentially during the intraoceanic subduction of the Rheic Ocean, and their orientation may be considered a reference vector for convergence models in this part of the Variscan belt. C1 [Gomez Barreiro, J.; Arenas, R.; Sanchez Martinez, S.] Univ Complutense, CSIC, Inst Geol Econ, Dept Petrol & Geoquim, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Martinez Catalan, J. R.] Univ Salamanca, Dept Geol, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain. [Prior, D.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Earth Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Wenk, H. -R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Vogel, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Diaz Garcia, F.] Univ Oviedo, Dept Geol, E-33005 Oviedo, Spain. [Lonardelli, I.] Univ Trent, I-38050 Trento, Italy. RP Barreiro, JG (reprint author), Univ Complutense, CSIC, Inst Geol Econ, Dept Petrol & Geoquim, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM jugb@usal.es RI Gomez Barreiro, Juan/A-1661-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Sanchez Martinez, Sonia/E-1395-2015; OI Gomez Barreiro, Juan/0000-0002-5031-3115; Sanchez Martinez, Sonia/0000-0003-0826-5313; Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 FU National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [CGL2007-65338-CO2-01, 02/BTE]; Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [MEC] [EX-2005-0490] FX We acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, and research projects CGL2007-65338-CO2-01 and 02/BTE of the Direccion General de Programas y Transferencia del Conocimiento (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation). Access to the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) High-Pressure Preferred-Orientation Diffractometer (HIPPO) to perform texture measurements was invaluable. J. Gomez Barreiro was supported by postdoctoral contracts (Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [MEC] EX-2005-0490 and MEC-Juan de la Cierva). We are grateful to B. Murphy and S. T. Johnston for thorough and constructive reviews and to D. B. Rowley for the editorial work. NR 152 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1376 EI 1537-5269 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 118 IS 2 BP 163 EP 186 DI 10.1086/649816 PG 24 WC Geology SC Geology GA 547VJ UT WOS:000273917300004 ER PT J AU Schalk, CM Luhring, TM AF Schalk, Christopher M. Luhring, Thomas M. TI Vagility of Aquatic Salamanders: Implications for Wetland Connectivity SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIREN-LACERTINA; COLONIZATION; AMPHIUMA AB Research on landscape connectivity for amphibians that use isolated wetlands has focused on terrestrial and semiterrestrial species. Although aquatic species are commonly encountered in isolated wetlands, their dispersal capability and mode of dispersal has yet to be conclusively determined. For these salamander species, temporary waterways formed during heavy rains may provide transient dispersal opportunities among otherwise terrestrially isolated wetland patches and large contiguous sources (e.g., river swamps, lake systems). We assessed the vagility of two aquatic salamanders, the Greater Siren (Siren lacertina) and Two-Toed Amphiuma (Amphiuma means), under three simulated environmental conditions: terrestrial (damp but no standing water); shallow standing water (1 cm of water); and complete submergence (approximately 5 cm of water). Salamanders were placed inside a modified Living Stream container and stimulated into moving through each treatment. Both species demonstrated a trend toward exhaustion for all treatments and failed to move more than 8 m in the terrestrial or shallow water treatments. As expected, animals in the fully submerged treatment were able to disperse the farthest. Physical characteristics of salamanders did not affect vagility. To disperse, these species likely rely on the formation of aquatic corridors during flooding events. Therefore, successful dispersal among isolated wetlands depends on the ability of the surrounding landscape either to be periodically inundated with water or to form temporary waterways during heavy rains. Human activities that alter flooding events and watershed connectivity, such as flood control regimes and roads, may have important implications for wetland connectivity and, thus, metapopulation viability of aquatic salamanders. C1 [Schalk, Christopher M.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Div Environm Sci, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Schalk, Christopher M.; Luhring, Thomas M.] Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Luhring, TM (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, 105 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM tmlhwb@mizzou.edu RI Luhring, Thomas/A-9489-2012 OI Luhring, Thomas/0000-0001-7982-5862 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC09-07SR22506]; University of Georgia Research Foundation; National Science Foundation FX We thank J. W. Gibbons, J. P. Gibbs, D. A. Patrick, R. D. Semlitsch, B. D. Todd, J. D. Willson, C. T. Winne, and two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments on this manuscript. We thank B. D. Todd and J. E. Earl for statistical analyses. Additional thanks goes to J. Butler, B. R. Morris, M. Najarro, S. Poppy, L. Rodriguez-Matos, R. Roman, L. Steadman, M. Tam, K. Wagner, and A. Willis for their help. All procedures used in the study were approved by the University of Georgia Animal Care and Use Committee and by the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Scientific Collection Permits. This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Financial Assistance Award DE-FC09-07SR22506, University of Georgia Research Foundation. CMS was supported as an REU at SREL by the National Science Foundation. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 21 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 44 IS 1 BP 104 EP 109 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 567ZO UT WOS:000275489700011 ER PT J AU Aaron, FD Abramowicz, H Abt, I Adamczyk, L Adamus, M Martin, MA Alexa, C Andreev, V Antonelli, S Antonioli, P Antonov, A Antunovic, B Arneodo, M Aushev, V Bachynska, O Backovic, S Baghdasaryan, A Bamberger, A Barakbaev, AN Barbagli, G Bari, G Barreiro, F Barrelet, E Bartel, W Bartsch, D Basile, M Begzsuren, K Behnke, O Behr, J Behrens, U Bellagamba, L Belousov, A Bertolin, A Bhadra, S Bindi, M Bizot, JC Blohm, C Bold, T Boos, EG Borodin, M Borras, K Boscherini, D Bot, D Boudry, V Boutle, SK Bozovic-Jelisavcic, I Bracinik, J Brandt, G Brinkmann, M Brisson, V Brock, I Brownson, E Brugnera, R Brummer, N Bruncko, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Brzozowska, B Bunyatyan, A Buschhorn, G Bussey, PJ Butterworth, JM Bylsma, B Bystritskaya, L Caldwell, A Campbell, AJ Avila, KBC Capua, M Carlin, R Catterall, CD Cerny, K Cerny, V Chekanov, S Chekelian, V Cholewa, A Chwastowski, J Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Cindolo, F Contin, A Contreras, JG Cooper-Sarkar, AM Coppola, N Corradi, M Corriveau, F Costa, M Coughlan, JA Cozzika, G Cvach, J D'Agostini, G Dainton, JB Dal Corso, F Daum, K Deak, M de Favereau, J Delcourt, B Del Degan, M del Peso, J Delvax, J Dementiev, RK De Pasquale, S Derrick, M Devenish, RCE De Wolf, EA Diaconu, C Dobur, D Dodonov, V Dolgoshein, BA Dossanov, A Doyle, AT Drugakov, V Dubak, A Durkin, LS Dusini, S Eckerlin, G Efremenko, V Egli, S Eisenberg, Y Eliseev, A Elsen, E Ermolov, PF Eskreys, A Falkiewicz, A Fang, S Favart, L Fazio, S Fedotov, A Felst, R Feltesse, J Ferencei, J Ferrando, J Ferrero, MI Figiel, J Fischer, DJ Fleischer, M Fomenko, A Forrest, M Foster, B Fourletov, S Gabathuler, E Galas, A Gallo, E Garfagnini, A Gayler, J Geiser, A Ghazaryan, S Gialas, I Gladilin, LK Gladkov, D Glasman, C Glazov, A Glushkov, I Goerlich, L Gogitidze, N Golubkov, YA Gottlicher, P Gouzevitch, M Grab, C Grabowska-Bold, I Grebenyuk, J Greenshaw, T Gregor, I Grell, BR Grigorescu, G Grindhammer, G Grzelak, G Gwenlan, C Haas, T Habib, S Haidt, D Hain, W Hamatsu, R Hart, JC Hartmann, H Hartner, G Helebrant, C Henderson, RCW Hennekemper, E Henschel, H Herbst, M Herrera, G Hildebrandt, M Hilger, E Hiller, KH Hochman, D Hoffmann, D Holm, U Hori, R Horisberger, R Horton, K Hreus, T Huttmann, A Iacobucci, G Ibrahim, ZA Iga, Y Ingbir, R Ishitsuka, M Jacquet, M Jakob, HP Janssen, X Januschek, F Jimenez, M Jones, TW Jonsson, L Jung, AW Jung, H Jungst, M Kadenko, I Kahle, B Kamaluddin, B Kananov, S Kanno, T Kapichine, M Karshon, U Karstens, F Katkov, II Katzy, J Kaur, M Kaur, P Kenyon, IR Keramidas, A Khein, LA Kiesling, C Kim, JY Kisielewska, D Kitamura, S Klanner, R Klein, M Klein, U Kleinwort, C Kluge, T Knutsson, A Koffeman, E Kogler, R Kollar, D Kooijman, P Korol, I Korzhavina, IA Kostka, P Kotanski, A Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kraemer, M Krastev, K Kretzschmar, J Kropivnitskaya, A Krueger, K Kulinski, P Kuprash, O Kutak, K Kuze, M Kuzmin, VA Landon, MPJ Lange, W Lastovicka-Medin, G Laycock, P Lebedev, A Lee, A Leibenguth, G Lendermann, V Levchenko, BB Levonian, S Levy, A Li, G Libov, V Limentani, S Ling, TY Lipka, K Liptaj, A Lisovyi, M List, B List, J Lobodzinska, E Lohmann, W Lohr, B Lohrmann, E Loizides, JH Loktionova, N Long, KR Longhin, A Lontkovskyi, D Lopez-Fernandez, R Lubimov, V Lukasik, J Lukina, OY Luzniak, P Maeda, J Magill, S Makankine, A Makarenko, I Malinovski, E Malka, J Mankel, R Marage, P Margotti, A Marini, G Marti, L Martin, JF Martyn, HU Mastroberardino, A Matsumoto, T Mattingly, MCK Maxfield, SJ Mehta, A Melzer-Pellmann, IA Meyer, AB Meyer, H Meyer, H Meyer, J Miglioranzi, S Mikocki, S Milcewicz-Mika, I Idris, FM Monaco, V Montanari, A Moreau, F Morozov, A Morris, JD Morris, JV Mozer, MU Mudrinic, M Muller, K Murin, P Musgrave, B Nagano, K Namsoo, T Nania, R Naumann, T Newman, PR Nicholass, D Niebuhr, C Nigro, A Nikiforov, A Nikitin, D Ning, Y Noor, U Notz, D Nowak, G Nowak, K Nowak, RJ Nozicka, M Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Oh, BY Okazaki, N Oliver, K Olivier, B Olkiewicz, K Olsson, JE Onishchuk, Y Osman, S Ota, O Ozerov, D Palichik, V Panagoulias, I Pandurovic, M Papadopoulou, T Papageorgiu, K Parenti, A Pascaud, C Patel, GD Paul, E Pawlak, JM Pawlik, B Pejchal, O Pelfer, PG Pellegrino, A Perez, E Perlanski, W Perrey, H Petrukhin, A Picuric, I Piec, S Piotrzkowski, K Pitzl, D Placakyte, R Plucinski, P Pokorny, B Pokrovskiy, NS Polifka, R Polini, A Povh, B Proskuryakov, AS Przybycien, M Radescu, V Rahmat, AJ Raicevic, N Raspiareza, A Raval, A Ravdandorj, T Reimer, P Reisert, B Ren, Z Repond, J Ri, YD Rizvi, E Robertson, A Robmann, P Roland, B Roloff, P Ron, E Roosen, R Rostovtsev, A Rotaru, M Rubinsky, I Tabasco, JER Rurikova, Z Rusakov, S Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Salek, D Salii, A Samson, U Sankey, DPC Sartorelli, G Sauter, M Sauvan, E Savin, AA Saxon, DH Schioppa, M Schlenstedt, S Schleper, P Schmidke, WB Schmitt, S Schneekloth, U Schoeffel, L Schonberg, V Schoning, A Schorner-Sadenius, T Schultz-Coulon, HC Schwartz, J Sciulli, F Sefkow, F Shaw-West, RN Shcheglova, LM Shehzadi, R Shimizu, S Shtarkov, LN Shushkevich, S Singh, I Skillicorn, IO Sloan, T Slominski, W Smiljanic, I Smith, WH Sola, V Solano, A Soloviev, Y Son, D Sopicki, P Sorokin, I Sosnovtsev, V South, D Spaskov, V Specka, A Spiridonov, A Stadie, H Stanco, L Staykova, Z Steder, M Stella, B Stern, A Stewart, TP Stifutkin, A Stoicea, G Stopa, P Straumann, U Suchkov, S Sunar, D Susinno, G Suszycki, L Sykora, T Sztuk, J Szuba, D Szuba, J Tapper, AD Tassi, E Tchoulakov, V Terron, J Theedt, T Thompson, G Thompson, PD Tiecke, H Tokushuku, K Toll, T Tomasz, F Tomaszewska, J Tran, TH Traynor, D Trinh, TN Truol, P Tsakov, I Tseepeldorj, B Tsurugai, T Turcato, M Turnau, J Tymieniecka, T Urban, K Uribe-Estrada, C Valkarova, A Vallee, C Van Mechelen, P Trevino, AV Vazdik, Y Vazquez, M Verbytskyi, A Viazlo, V Vinokurova, S Vlasov, NN Volchinski, V Volynets, O von den Driesch, M Walczak, R Abdullah, WATW Wegener, D Whitmore, JJ Whyte, J Wiggers, L Wing, M Wissing, C Wlasenko, M Wolf, G Wolfe, H Wrona, K Wusch, E Yagunes-Molina, AG Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Yoshida, R Youngman, C Zacek, J Zalesak, J Zarnecki, AF Zawiejski, L Zenaiev, O Zeuner, W Zhang, Z Zhautykov, BO Zhokin, A Zhou, C Zichichi, A Zimmermann, T Zohrabyan, H Zolko, M Zomer, F Zotkin, DS Zus, R AF Aaron, F. D. Abramowicz, H. Abt, I. Adamczyk, L. Adamus, M. Martin, M. Aldaya Alexa, C. Andreev, V. Antonelli, S. Antonioli, P. Antonov, A. Antunovic, B. Arneodo, M. Aushev, V. Bachynska, O. Backovic, S. Baghdasaryan, A. Bamberger, A. Barakbaev, A. N. Barbagli, G. Bari, G. Barreiro, F. Barrelet, E. Bartel, W. Bartsch, D. Basile, M. Begzsuren, K. Behnke, O. Behr, J. Behrens, U. Bellagamba, L. Belousov, A. Bertolin, A. Bhadra, S. Bindi, M. Bizot, J. C. Blohm, C. Bold, T. Boos, E. G. Borodin, M. Borras, K. Boscherini, D. Bot, D. Boudry, V. Boutle, S. K. Bozovic-Jelisavcic, I. Bracinik, J. Brandt, G. Brinkmann, M. Brisson, V. Brock, I. Brownson, E. Brugnera, R. Bruemmer, N. Bruncko, D. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Brzozowska, B. Bunyatyan, A. Buschhorn, G. Bussey, P. J. Butterworth, J. M. Bylsma, B. Bystritskaya, L. Caldwell, A. Campbell, A. J. Avila, K. B. Cantun Capua, M. Carlin, R. Catterall, C. D. Cerny, K. Cerny, V. Chekanov, S. Chekelian, V. Cholewa, A. Chwastowski, J. Ciborowski, J. Cifarelli, L. 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Zus, R. CA H1 Collaboration ZEUS Collaboration TI Events with an isolated lepton and missing transverse momentum and measurement of W production at HERA SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Lepton-Nucleon Scattering ID HIGH-ENERGY LEPTON; HADRON-COLLISIONS; BOSON PRODUCTION; EP COLLISIONS; SEARCH; CALORIMETER AB A search for events containing an isolated electron or muon and missing trans verse momentum produced in e(+/-)p collisions is performed with the H1 and ZEUS detectors at HERA. The data were taken in the period 1994-2007 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 0.98 fb(-1). The observed event yields are in good overall agreement with the Standard Model prediction, which is dominated by single W production. In the e(+)p data, at large hadronic transverse momentum P-T(X) > 25GeV, a total of 23 events are observed compared to a prediction of 14.0 +/- 1.9. 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EM tobias.haas@desy.de RI Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Janssen, Xavier/E-1915-2013; Reimer, Petr/G-5903-2014; Cvach, Jaroslav/G-6269-2014; Zalesak, Jaroslav/G-5691-2014; Korzhavina, Irina/D-6848-2012; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; Levonian, Sergey/M-8693-2015; Soloviev, Yury/M-8788-2015; Andreev, Vladimir/M-8665-2015; IBRAHIM, ZAINOL ABIDIN/C-1121-2010; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Zus, Roxana/C-5170-2011; WAN ABDULLAH, WAN AHMAD TAJUDDIN/B-5439-2010; Stoicea, Gabriel/B-6717-2011; Aaron, Francis Dionisie/C-2320-2011; Alexa, Calin/F-6345-2010; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Rotaru, Marina/A-3097-2011; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Fomenko, Alexander/I-7900-2014; Lebedev, Andrey/M-9710-2015; Malinovski, Evgenii/N-1034-2015; Gogitidze, Nelli/N-1224-2015; Eliseev, Alexandr/N-2090-2015; Belousov, Anatoli/N-2102-2015; Vazdik, Iakov/N-2624-2015; Ozerov, Dmitry/E-9139-2016; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Kapishin, Mikhail/H-5834-2013; OI Zalesak, Jaroslav/0000-0002-4519-4705; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Soloviev, Yury/0000-0003-1136-2827; Stoicea, Gabriel/0000-0002-7511-4614; Aaron, Francis Dionisie/0000-0002-7342-829X; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Rotaru, Marina/0000-0003-3303-5683; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Kapishin, Mikhail/0000-0001-8473-4631; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAR PY 2010 IS 3 AR 035 DI 10.1007/JHEP03(2010)035 PG 19 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 585BB UT WOS:000276798202005 ER PT J AU Arkani-Hamed, N Cachazo, F Cheung, C Kaplan, J AF Arkani-Hamed, N. Cachazo, F. Cheung, C. Kaplan, J. TI The S-matrix in twistor space SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Supersymmetric gauge theory; Duality in Gauge Field Theories; Classical Theories of Gravity ID GAUGE-THEORY AMPLITUDES; YANG-MILLS THEORY; ONE-LOOP; N=8 SUPERGRAVITY; ULTRAVIOLET DIVERGENCES; GRAVITY AMPLITUDES; STRING THEORIES; UNITARITY; DIAGRAMS; ALGEBRA AB The marvelous simplicity and remarkable hidden symmetries recently uncovered in (Super) Yang-Mills and (Super) Gravity scattering amplitudes strongly suggests the existence of a "weak-weak" dual formulation of these theories where these structures are made more manifest at the expense of manifest locality. In this note we suggest that in four dimensions, this dual description lives in (2,2) signature and is naturally formulated in twistor space. We begin at tree-level, by recasting the momentum-space BCFW recursion relation in a completely on-shell form that begs to be transformed into twistor space. Our transformation is strongly inspired by Witten's twistor string theory, but differs in treating twistor and dual twistor variables on a more equal footing; a related transcription of the BCFW formula using only twistor space variables has been carried out independently by Mason and Skinner. Using both twistor and dual twistor variables, the three and four-point amplitudes are strikingly simple-for Yang-Mills theories they are "1" or "-1". The BCFW computation of higher-order amplitudes can be represented by a simple set of diagrammatic rules, concretely realizing Penrose's program of relating "twistor diagrams" to scattering amplitudes. More specifically, we give a precise definition of the twistor diagram formalism developed over the past few years by Andrew Hodges. The "Hodges diagram" representation of the BCFW rules allows us to compute amplitudes and study their remarkable properties in twistor space. For instance the diagrams for Yang-Mills theory are topologically disks and not trees, and reveal striking connections between amplitudes that are not manifest in momentum space. Twistor space also suggests a new representation of the amplitudes directly in momentum space, that is naturally determined by the Hodges diagrams. The BCFW rules and Hodges diagrams also enable a systematic twistorial formulation of gravity. All tree amplitudes can be combined into an "S-Matrix" scattering functional which is the natural holographic observable in asymptotically flat space; the BCFW formula turns into a simple quadratic equation for this "S-Matrix" in twistor space, providing a holographic description of N = 4 SYM and N = 8 Supergravity at tree level. We move on to initiate the exploration of loop amplitudes in (2, 2) signature and twistor space, beginning with a discussion of their IR behavior. We find that the natural pole prescriptions needed for transformation to twistor space make the amplitudes perfectly well-defined objects, free of IR divergences. Indeed in momentum space, the loop amplitudes so regulated vanish for generic momenta, and transformed to twistor space, are even simpler than their tree-level counterparts: the full 4-pt one-loop amplitudes in N = 4 SYM are simply equal to "1" or "0"! This further supports the idea that there exists a sharply defined object corresponding to the S-Matrix in (2,2) signature, computed by a dual theory naturally living in twistor space. C1 [Arkani-Hamed, N.] Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Cachazo, F.] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2J W29, Canada. [Cheung, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cheung, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kaplan, J.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Theory Grp, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Arkani-Hamed, N (reprint author), Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Olden Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM arkani@ias.edu; fcachazo@perimeterinstitute.ca; clifford.cheung@berkeley.edu; jaredk@slac.stanford.edu FU DOE [DE-FG02-91ER40654]; NSERC of Canada; MEDT of Ontario; NSF FX We thank Fernando Alday, Ruth Britto, Henriette Elvang, and especially Juan Maldacena and Edward Witten for many stimulating comments. We also thank Andrew Hodges, Lionel Mason and David Skinner for several days of extremely enjoyable and productive discussions of our related works in progress. F.C. is also grateful to the Institute for Advanced Study for hospitality during the origination of this work. N-A.H., C.-C. and J.K. similarly thank the Perimeter Institute for its hospitality. N.A.-H. is supported by the DOE under grant DE-FG02-91ER40654, F.C. was supported in part by the NSERC of Canada and MEDT of Ontario, and J.K. is supported by a Hertz foundation fellowship and an NSF fellowship. NR 80 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAR PY 2010 IS 3 AR 110 DI 10.1007/JHEP03(2010)110 PG 48 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 585BB UT WOS:000276798206003 ER PT J AU Arkani-Hamed, N Cachazo, F Cheung, C Kaplan, J AF Arkani-Hamed, N. Cachazo, F. Cheung, C. Kaplan, J. TI A duality for the S matrix SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Supersymmetric gauge theory; Duality in Gauge Field Theories ID SUPER-YANG-MILLS; GAUGE-THEORY AMPLITUDES; ONE-LOOP; ULTRAVIOLET DIVERGENCES; SUPERGRAVITY THEORY; GRAVITY AMPLITUDES; COLLINEAR LIMITS; CROSS-SECTIONS; QCD AMPLITUDES; ORDER AB We propose a dual formulation for the S Matrix of N = 4 SYM. The dual provides a basis for the "leading singularities" of scattering amplitudes to all orders in perturbation theory, which are sharply defined, IR safe data that uniquely determine the full amplitudes at tree level and 1-loop, and are conjectured to do so at all loop orders. The scattering amplitude for n particles in the sector with k negative helicity gluons is associated with a simple integral over the space of k planes in n dimensions, with the action of parity and cyclic symmetries manifest. The residues of the integrand compute a basis for the leading singularities. A given leading singularity is associated with a particular choice of integration contour, which we explicitly identify at tree level and 1-loop for all NMHV amplitudes as well as the 8 particle (NMHV)-M-2 amplitude. We also identify a number of 2-loop leading singularities for up to 8 particles. There are a large number of relations among residues which follow from the multi-variable generalization of Cauchy's theorem known as the "global residue theorem". These relations imply highly non-trivial identities guaranteeing the equivalence of many different representations of the same amplitude. They also enforce the cancellation of non-local poles as well as consistent infrared structure at loop level. Our conjecture connects the physics of scattering amplitudes to a particular subvariety in a Grassmannian; space-time locality is reflected in the topological properties of this space. C1 [Arkani-Hamed, N.] Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Cachazo, F.] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2J W29, Canada. [Cheung, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cheung, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kaplan, J.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Theory Grp, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Arkani-Hamed, N (reprint author), Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Olden Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM arkani@ias.edu; fcachazo@perimeterinstitute.ca; clifford.cheung@berkeley.edu; jaredk@slac.stanford.edu FU Research Science Institute of the Center for Excellence in Education; DOE Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-FG02-94ER40818] FX We acknowledge very helpful conversations with Ulrich Heinz, Harvey Meyer, Tomoi Koide, Gunther Roland, Paul Romatschke, Huichao Song, Misha Stephanov and Derek Teaney. NT is grateful to the Research Science Institute of the Center for Excellence in Education for supporting his research. This research was supported in part by the DOE Office of Nuclear Physics under contract #DE-FG02-94ER40818. NR 97 TC 144 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAR PY 2010 IS 3 AR 020 DI 10.1007/JHEP03(2010)020 PG 70 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 585BB UT WOS:000276798201004 ER PT J AU Arkani-Hamed, N Cachazo, F Cheung, C AF Arkani-Hamed, Nima Cachazo, Freddy Cheung, Clifford TI The Grassmannian origin of dual superconformal invariance SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Supersymmetric gauge theory; Duality in Gauge Field Theories AB A dual formulation of the S Matrix for N = 4 SYM has recently been presented, where all leading singularities of n-particle Nk-2MHV amplitudes are given as an integral over the Grassmannian G(k, n), with cyclic symmetry, parity and superconformal invariance manifest. In this short note we show that the dual superconformal invariance of this object is also manifest. The geometry naturally suggests a partial integration and simple change of variable to an integral over G(k - 2, n). This change of variable precisely corresponds to the mapping between usual momentum variables and the "momentum twistors" introduced by Hodges, and yields an elementary derivation of the momentum-twistor space formula very recently presented by Mason and Skinner, which is manifestly dual superconformal invariant. Thus the G(k, n) Grassmannian formulation allows a direct understanding of all the important symmetries of N = 4 SYM scattering amplitudes. C1 [Arkani-Hamed, Nima] Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Cachazo, Freddy] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2J W29, Canada. [Cheung, Clifford] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cheung, Clifford] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arkani-Hamed, N (reprint author), Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Olden Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM arkani@ias.edu; fcachazo@perimeterinstitute.ca; clifford.cheung@berkeley.edu FU DOE [DE-FG02-91ER40654]; NSERC of Canada; MEDT of Ontario FX We thank Fernando Alday, Jacob Bourjaily, Jared Kaplan, Juan Maldacena, Edward Witten and especially Andrew Hodges, Lionel Mason and David Skinner for stimulating discussions. N.A.-H. is supported by the DOE under grant DE-FG02-91ER40654, F. C. was supported in part by the NSERC of Canada and MEDT of Ontario. NR 8 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAR PY 2010 IS 3 AR 036 DI 10.1007/JHEP03(2010)036 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 585BB UT WOS:000276798202006 ER PT J AU Bardakci, K AF Bardakci, Korkut TI More on the connection between planar field theory and string theory SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Bosonic Strings; 1/N Expansion ID WORLDSHEET DESCRIPTION; DUAL AMPLITUDES; MODEL AB We continue work on the connection between world sheet representation of the planar phi(3) field theory and string formation. The present article, like the earlier work, is based on the existence of a solitonic solution on the world sheet, and on the zero mode fluctuations around this solution. The main advance made in this paper is the removal of the cutoff and the transition to the continuum limit on the world sheet. The result is an action for the modes whose energies remain finite in this limit ( light modes). The expansion of this action about a dense background of graphs on the world sheet leads to the formation of a string. C1 [Bardakci, Korkut] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bardakci, Korkut] Univ Calif Berkeley, Theoret Phys Grp, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bardakci, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kbardakci@lbl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics of the U.S. Department of Energy under the Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAR PY 2010 IS 3 AR 107 DI 10.1007/JHEP03(2010)107 PG 24 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 585BB UT WOS:000276798205020 ER PT J AU Cheung, C AF Cheung, Clifford TI On-shell recursion relations for generic theories SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Supersymmetric gauge theory; Gauge Symmetry; Field Theories in Higher Dimensions; Classical Theories of Gravity ID TREE AMPLITUDES; GRAVITY AB We show that on-shell recursion relations hold for tree amplitudes in generic two derivative theories in an arbitrary number of dimensions with multiple particle species and diverse spins. For example, in a gauge theory coupled to scalars and fermions, any amplitude with at least one gluon obeys a recursion relation. In ( super) gravity coupled to scalars and fermions, the same holds for any amplitude with at least one graviton. This result pertains to a broad class of theories, including QCD, N = 4 SYM, and N = 8 supergravity. C1 [Cheung, Clifford] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cheung, Clifford] LBNL, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cheung, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM clifford.cheung@berkeley.edu FU DOE [DE-FG02-91ER40654] FX It is a pleasure to thank N. Arkani-Hamed, H. Elvang, D. Freedman, and J. Kaplan for very helpful physics discussions and comments on the manuscript. CC is supported in part by DOE grant DE-FG02-91ER40654. NR 16 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAR PY 2010 IS 3 AR 098 DI 10.1007/JHEP03(2010)098 PG 19 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 585BB UT WOS:000276798205011 ER PT J AU Cheung, C Nomura, Y Thaler, J AF Cheung, Clifford Nomura, Yasunori Thaler, Jesse TI Goldstini SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Supersymmetry Breaking; Supersymmetric Effective Theories; Supergravity Models ID SUPERSYMMETRY-BREAKING; SPLIT SUPERSYMMETRY; GRAVITINO; SUPERGRAVITY; SIGNATURES; COLLIDERS; COSMOLOGY AB Supersymmetric phenomenology has been largely bound to the hypothesis that supersymmetry breaking originates from a single source. In this paper, we relax this underlying assumption and consider a multiplicity of sectors which independently break supersymmetry, thus yielding a corresponding multiplicity of goldstini. While one linear combination of goldstini is eaten via the super-Higgs mechanism, the orthogonal combinations remain in the spectrum as physical degrees of freedom. Interestingly, supergravity effects induce a universal tree-level mass for the goldstini which is exactly twice the gravitino mass. Since visible sector fields can couple dominantly to the goldstini rather than the gravitino, this framework allows for substantial departures from conventional supersymmetric phenomenology. In fact, this even occurs when a conventional mediation scheme is augmented by additional supersymmetry breaking sectors which are fully sequestered. We discuss a number of striking collider signatures, including various novel decay modes for the lightest observable-sector supersymmetric particle, gravitinoless gauge-mediated spectra, and events with multiple displaced vertices. We also describe goldstini cosmology and the possibility of goldstini dark matter. C1 [Cheung, Clifford; Nomura, Yasunori] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cheung, Clifford; Nomura, Yasunori] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Thaler, Jesse] MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Nomura, Yasunori] Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. RP Cheung, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM clifford.cheung@berkeley.edu; ynomura@lbl.gov; jthaler@mit.edu OI Thaler, Jesse/0000-0002-2406-8160; Nomura, Yasunori/0000-0002-1497-1479 FU Office of Science, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation [PHY-0555661, PHY-0855653]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG0205ER41360] FX We thank N. Arkani-Hamed, A. Arvanitaki, N. Craig, S. Dimopoulos, D. Freedman, M. Schmaltz, and D. Shih for interesting discussions. The work of C. C. and Y.N. was supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, of the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231, and in part by the National Science Foundation under grants PHY-0555661 and PHY-0855653. J.T. is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under cooperative research agreement DE-FG0205ER41360. NR 41 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAR PY 2010 IS 3 AR 073 DI 10.1007/JHEP03(2010)073 PG 27 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 585BB UT WOS:000276798204005 ER PT J AU Hall, LJ Jedamzik, K March-Russell, J West, SM AF Hall, Lawrence J. Jedamzik, Karsten March-Russell, John West, Stephen M. TI Freeze-in production of FIMP dark matter SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Cosmology of Theories beyond the SM; Beyond Standard Model ID PROTON-DECAY; UNIFICATION; UNIVERSE; RAYS AB We propose an alternate, calculable mechanism of dark matter genesis, "thermal freeze-in", involving a Feebly Interacting Massive Particle (FIMP) interacting so feebly with the thermal bath that it never attains thermal equilibrium. As with the conventional "thermal freeze-out" production mechanism, the relic abundance reflects a combination of initial thermal distributions together with particle masses and coupling that can be measured in the laboratory or astrophysically. The freeze-in yield is IR dominated by low temperatures near the FIMP mass and is independent of unknown UV physics, such as the reheat temperature after inflation. Moduli and modulinos of string theory compactifications that receive mass from weak-scale supersymmetry breaking provide implementations of the freeze-in mechanism, as do models that employ Dirac neutrino masses or GUT-scale-suppressed interactions. Experimental signals of freeze-in and FIMPs can be spectacular, including the production of new metastable coloured or charged particles at the LHC as well as the alteration of big bang nucleosynthesis. C1 [Hall, Lawrence J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hall, Lawrence J.] LBNL, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hall, Lawrence J.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [Jedamzik, Karsten] Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, CNRS, UMR5207, F-34095 Montpellier, France. [March-Russell, John] Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. [West, Stephen M.] Univ London, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. [West, Stephen M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Hall, LJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LJHall@lbl.gov; JEDAMZIK@lpta.univ-montp2.fr; j.march-russell@physics.ox.ac.uk; Stephen.West@rhul.ac.uk OI West, Stephen/0000-0002-1666-9417 FU European ERC [228169-BSMOXFORD]; EC [MRTN-CT-2004-503369]; EU [MPRN-CT-2006-035863]; STFC (UK); Royal Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England; National Science Foundation [PHY-0457315]; Office of Science, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Asimina Arvanitaki, Savas Dimopoulos, Sergei Dubovsky, Piyush Kumar and Scott Watson for discussions. KJ, JMR, and SMW gratefully thank the Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics for their warm hospitality during the course of this work. LH, KJ and SMW gratefully acknowledge hospitality from the Dalitz Institute for Fundamental Physics, Oxford University and for visitor support from the European ERC Advanced Grant 228169-BSMOXFORD. JMR is partially supported by the EC network 6th Framework Programme Research and Training Network Quest for Unification (MRTN-CT-2004-503369), by the EU FP6 Marie Curie Research and Training Network UniverseNet (MPRN-CT-2006-035863), by the STFC (UK), and by a Royal Society Wolfson Award. SMW thanks the Higher Education Funding Council for England and the STFC (UK), for financial support under the SEPNet Initiative. The work of LH was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant PHY-0457315 and in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, of the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 44 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAR PY 2010 IS 3 AR 080 DI 10.1007/JHEP03(2010)080 PG 33 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 585BB UT WOS:000276798204012 ER PT J AU Hall, LJ Nomura, Y AF Hall, Lawrence J. Nomura, Yasunori TI A finely-predicted Higgs boson mass from a finely-tuned weak scale SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Supersymmetry Breaking; Beyond Standard Model; Superstring Vacua ID GAUGE COUPLING UNIFICATION; SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; STANDARD MODEL; UNIVERSE AB If supersymmetry is broken directly to the Standard Model at energies not very far from the unified scale, the Higgs boson mass lies in the range (128 - 141) GeV. The end points of this range are tightly determined. Theories with the Higgs boson dominantly in a single supermultiplet predict a mass at the upper edge, (141 +/- 2) GeV, with the uncertainty dominated by the experimental errors on the top quark mass and the QCD coupling. This edge prediction is remarkably insensitive to the supersymmetry breaking scale and to supersymmetric threshold corrections so that, in a wide class of theories, the theoretical uncertainties are at the level of +/- 0.4 GeV. A reduction in the uncertainties from the top quark mass and QCD coupling to the level of +/- 0.3 GeV may be possible at future colliders, increasing the accuracy of the confrontation with theory from 1.4% to 0.4%. Verification of this prediction would provide strong evidence for supersymmetry, broken at a very high scale of approximate to 10(14 +/- 2) GeV, and also for a Higgs boson that is elementary up to this high scale, implying fine-tuning of the Higgs mass parameter by approximate to 20 - 28 orders of magnitude. Currently, the only known explanation for such fine-tuning is the multiverse. C1 [Hall, Lawrence J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. RP Hall, LJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LJHall@lbl.gov; YNomura@lbl.gov OI Nomura, Yasunori/0000-0002-1497-1479 FU Office of Science, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation [PHY-0457315, PHY-0555661, PHY-0855653] FX We thank Gilly Elor and Piyush Kumar for useful discussions. This work was supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, of the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. The work of L. H. was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant PHY-0457315, and that of Y.N. under grants PHY-0555661 and PHY-0855653. NR 52 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAR PY 2010 IS 3 AR 076 DI 10.1007/JHEP03(2010)076 PG 31 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 585BB UT WOS:000276798204008 ER PT J AU Aamodt, K Abel, N Abeysekara, U Quintana, AA Adamova, D Aggarwal, M Rinella, GA Agocs, AG Salazar, SA Ahammed, Z Ahmad, A Ahmad, N Ahn, SU Akimoto, R Akindinov, A Aleksandrov, D Alessandro, B Molina, RA Alici, A Avina, EA Alme, J Alt, T Altini, V Altinpinar, S Andrei, C Andronic, A Anelli, G Angelov, V Anson, C Anticic, T Antinori, F Antinori, S Antipin, K Antonczyk, D Antonioli, P Anzo, A Aphecetche, L Appelshauser, H Arcelli, S Arceo, R Arend, A Armesto, N Arnaldi, R Aronsson, T Arsene, IC Asryan, A Augustinus, A Averbeck, R Awes, TC Aysto, J Azmi, MD Bablok, S Bach, M Badala, A Baek, YW Bagnasco, S Bailhache, R Bala, R Baldisseri, A Baldit, A Ban, J Barbera, R Barnafoldi, GG Barnby, L Barret, V Bartke, J Barile, F Basile, M Basmanov, V Bastid, N Bathen, B Batigne, G Batyunya, B Baumann, C Bearden, IG Becker, B Belikov, I Bellwied, R 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CA ALICE Collaboration TI Alignment of the ALICE Inner Tracking System with cosmic-ray tracks SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors CY JUN 12-15, 2009 CL Kolympari, GREECE DE Particle tracking detectors (Solid-state detectors); Detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers, sources, particle-beams) ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE; PERFORMANCE; COLLISIONS; DETECTORS AB ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) experiment devoted to investigating the strongly interacting matter created in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC energies. The ALICE ITS, Inner Tracking System, consists of six cylindrical layers of silicon detectors with three different technologies; in the outward direction: two layers of pixel detectors, two layers each of drift, and strip detectors. The number of parameters to be determined in the spatial alignment of the 2198 sensor modules of the ITS is about 13,000. The target alignment precision is well below 10 mu m in some cases (pixels). The sources of alignment information include survey measurements, and the reconstructed tracks from cosmic rays and from proton-proton collisions. The main track-based alignment method uses the Millepede global approach. An iterative local method was developed and used as well. We present the results obtained for the ITS alignment using about 10(5) charged tracks from cosmic rays that have been collected during summer 2008, with the ALICE solenoidal magnet switched off. C1 [Bianchin, C.; Bombonati, C.; Bortolin, C.; Caffarri, D.; Fabris, D.; Grosso, R.; Lunardon, M.; Morando, M.; Moretto, S.; Pepato, A.; Sahoo, R.; Scarlassara, F.; Segato, G.; Soramel, F.; Turrisi, R.; Viesti, G.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. 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[Braun-Munzinger, P.; Kalweit, A.; Kraus, I.; Mager, M.; Oeschler, H.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, Darmstadt, Germany. [Bellwied, R.; Cormier, T. M.; Mlynarz, J.; Pavlinov, A.; Pruneau, C. A.; Voloshin, S.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. [Batyunya, B.; Fateev, O.; Fedunov, A.; Grigoryan, S.; Jancurova, L.; Kutouski, M.; Nomokonov, P.; Pocheptsov, T.; Shabratova, G.; Vala, M.; Vodopianov, A.; Yurevich, V.; Zanevsky, Yu.; Zaporozhets, S.; Zinchenko, A.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. [Bach, M.; Hutter, D.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies, Frankfurt, Germany. [Antipin, K.; Antonczyk, D.; Appelshaeuser, H.; Arend, A.; Blume, C.; Buesching, H.; Hartig, M.; Kliemant, M.; Kniege, S.; Kramer, F.; Lehnert, J.; Leon Vargas, H.; Pitz, N.; Renfordt, R.; Schuchmann, S.; Sommer, W.; Stock, R.; Ulery, J.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. [Bianchi, N.; Capitani, G. P.; Diaz, A. Casanova; Balbastre, G. Conesa; Cunqueiro, L.; Di Nezza, P.; Fantoni, A.; Hasch, D.; Muccifora, V.; Reolon, A. R.; Ronchetti, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Berdnikov, Y.; Ivanov, V.; Khanzadeev, A.; Kryshen, E.; Malaev, M.; Miftakhov, N.; Nikulin, V.; Polyakov, V.; Samsonov, V.; Zalite, A.; Zhalov, M.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina, Russia. [Rinella, G. Aglieri; Anelli, G.; Antinori, F.; Betev, L.; Boccioli, M.; Bruckner, G.; Brun, R.; Buncic, P.; Campbell, M.; Roman, V. Canoa; Carena, F.; Carena, W.; Carminati, F.; Caselle, M.; Cavicchioli, C.; Chapeland, S.; Cheshkov, C.; Barroso, V. Chibante; Chochula, P.; Colla, A.; Costa, F.; de Groot, J.; Di Mauro, A.; Divia, R.; Dubuisson, J.; Evrard, S.; Fabjan, C. W.; Formenti, F.; Fuchs, U.; Furano, F.; Gheata, A.; Gheata, M.; Grigoras, A.; Grigoras, C.; Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. F.; Hristov, P.; Innocenti, P. G.; Jacholkowski, A.; Jirden, L.; Kapusta, S.; Kirsch, S.; Klein-Boesing, C.; Kluge, A.; Lackner, F.; Leistam, L.; Lippmann, C.; Lohn, S.; Makhlyueva, I.; Martinengo, P.; Lorenzo, P. Mendez; Meoni, M.; Morsch, A.; Mueller, H.; Musa, L.; Oldenburg, M.; Osmic, F.; Perini, D.; Peters, A. J.; Piuz, F.; Quercigh, E.; Rademakers, A.; Revol, J.-P.; Riedler, P.; Riegler, W.; Roehrich, D.; Rosinsky, P.; Rossegger, S.; Roukoutakis, F.; Safarik, K.; Saiz, P.; da Silva, R. Salgueiro Domingues; Schindler, H.; Schossmaier, K.; Schreiner, S.; Schukraft, J.; Shahoyan, R.; Sicking, E.; Soos, C.; Stefanini, G.; Swoboda, D.; Tadel, M.; Taureg, H.; Tauro, A.; Tavlet, M.; Telesca, A.; Toia, A.; de Matos, C. Torcato; Tydesjoe, H.; Vyvre, P. Vande; von Haller, B.; Wallet, L.; Zampolli, C.] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Faivre, J.; Furget, C.; Gadrat, S.; Guernane, R.; Kox, S.; Real, J.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Polytech Grenoble,LPSC, Grenoble, France. [Abrahantes Quintana, A.; Lopez Torres, E.; Shtejer, K.] Ctr Aplicac Tecnol & Desarrollo Nucl, Havana, Cuba. [Abel, N.; Alt, T.; Angelov, V.; Boettger, S.; Breitner, T.; de Cuveland, J.; Gebelein, J.; Gorbunov, S.; Kalcher, S.; Kebschull, U.; Kisel, I.; Lara, C.; Lindenstruth, V.; Painke, F.; Panse, R.; Peschek, J.; Rettig, F.; Steinbeck, T.; Thaeder, J.; Torralba, G.; Troeger, G.; Vassiliev, I.; Zelnicek, P.] Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff Inst Phys, Heidelberg, Germany. [Busch, O.; Constantin, P.; De Gaspari, M.; Glaessel, P.; Grajcarek, R.; Herrmann, N.; Klein, J.; Koch, K.; Krumbhorn, D.; Kweon, M. J.; Perez, J. Mercado; Oyama, K.; Pachmayer, Y.; Radomski, S.; Rusanov, I.; Schicker, R.; Schweda, K.; Soltveit, H. K.; Stachel, J.; Tsiledakis, G.; Vallero, S.; Wang, Y.; Wiechula, J.; Windelband, B.; Yang, H.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. [Chuman, F.; Hiei, A.; Horaguchi, T.; Iwasaki, T.; Maruyama, Y.; Mizoguchi, K.; Okada, Y.; Sugitate, T.; Torii, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima, Japan. [Don, D. M. M.; Madagodahettige-Don, D. M.; Pinsky, L.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX USA. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.] Univ Rajasthan, Dept Phys, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Bhasin, A.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, R.; Lal, C.; Mahajan, A.; Mangotra, L.; Potukuchi, B.; Sambyal, S.; Sharma, S.; Shigaki, K.; Singh, R.] Univ Jammu, Dept Phys, Jammu 180004, India. [Aysto, J.; Bondila, M.; Diaz, R.; Kalliokoski, T.; Kim, D. J.; Malkiewicz, T.; Novitzky, N.; Oinonen, M.; Raiha, T. S.; Rak, J.; Rasanen, S. S.; Sarkamo, J.; Trzaska, W. H.] HIP, Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Aysto, J.; Bondila, M.; Diaz, R.; Kalliokoski, T.; Kim, D. J.; Malkiewicz, T.; Novitzky, N.; Oinonen, M.; Raiha, T. S.; Rak, J.; Rasanen, S. S.; Sarkamo, J.; Trzaska, W. H.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Ahn, S. U.; Baek, Y. W.; Jung, H.; Jung, W.; Kang, E.; Kim, D. S.; Kim, D. W.; Kim, H. N.; Kim, J. S.; Kim, M.; Kim, S. H.; Lee, K. S.; Lee, S. C.; Seo, J.] Kangnung Natl Univ, Kangnung, South Korea. [Borshchov, V.; Listratenko, O.] Sci Res Technol Inst Instrument Engn, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Borisov, A.; Grinyov, B.; Zinovjev, G.; Zynovyev, M.] Bogolyubov Inst Theoret Phys, Kiev, Ukraine. [Hamblen, J.; Martashvili, I.; Read, K. F.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [Bose, S.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Das, I.; Das, S.; Majumdar, A. K. Dutta; Pal, S.; Roy, P.; Sinha, T.] Saha Inst Nucl Phys, Kolkata, India. [Ahammed, Z.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Dubey, A. K.; Majumdar, M. R. Dutta; Ganti, M. S.; Ghosh, P.; Khan, S. A.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Muhuri, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Prasad, S. K.; Saini, J.; Samanta, T.; Singaraju, R.; Singhal, V.; Sinha, B. C.; Tribedy, P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata, India. [Krawutschke, T.] Fachhsch Koln, Cologne, Germany. [Kravcakova, A.; Putis, M.; Urban, J.; Vrlakova, J.] Safarik Univ, Fac Sci, Kosice, Slovakia. [Ban, J.; Kalinak, P.; Kralik, I.; Pastircak, B.; Sandor, L. S.] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Expt Phys, Kosice 04353, Slovakia. [Dainese, A.; Ricci, R. A.; Vannucci, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. [Glenn, A.; Newby, J.; Soltz, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Christiansen, P.; Dobrin, A.; Gros, P.; Gustafsson, H.-A.; Oskarsson, A.; Osterman, L.; Otterlund, I.; Stenlund, E.] Lund Univ, Div Expt High Energy Phys, Lund, Sweden. [Cheynis, B.; Ducroux, L.; Grossiord, J.-Y.; Massacrier, L.; Nendaz, F.; Tieulent, R.; Zoccarato, Y.] Univ Lyon 1, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, CNRS, IN2P3, F-69365 Lyon, France. [Blanco, F.; Cotallo, M. E.; Gonzalez-Zamora, P.; Ladron de Guevara, P.; Montes, E.; Rubio-Montero, A. J.; Serradilla, E.] CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Camacho, E.; Contreras, G. J.; Crescio, E.; Gago, A.; Herrera Corral, G.; Montana Zetina, L.; Perez, C.; Ramirez Reyes, A.; Zepeda, A.] CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. [Camacho, E.; Contreras, G. J.; Crescio, E.; Gago, A.; Herrera Corral, G.; Montana Zetina, L.; Perez, C.; Ramirez Reyes, A.; Zepeda, A.] CINVESTAV, Merida, Mexico. [Cuautle, E.; Diaz, L.; Dominguez, I.; Cervantes, I. Maldonado; Mayani, D.; Velasquez, A. Ortiz; Paic, G.; Peskov, V.; Serkin, L.; Sokolov, O.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Salazar, S. Aguilar; Alfaro Molina, R.; Almaraz Avina, E.; Anzo, A.; Arceo, R.; Belmont-Moreno, E.; Gonzalez-Trueba, L. H.; Grabski, V.; Leon, H.; Davalos, A. Martinez; Menchaca-Rocha, A.; Sandoval, A.; Palomo, L. Valencia] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. [Guber, F.; Karavichev, O.; Karavicheva, T.; Karpechev, E.; Konevskih, A.; Kurepin, A.; Kurepin, A. N.; Maevskaya, A.; Pshenichnov, I.; Reshetin, A.] Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia. [Akindinov, A.; Kaidalov, A. B.; Kiselev, S.; Mal'Kevich, D.; Nedosekin, A.; Polozov, P.; Sharkov, G.; Vetlitskiy, I.; Voloshin, K.; Zagreev, B.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. [Bogdanov, A.; Grigoriev, V.; Kaplin, V.; Kondratyeva, N.; Loginov, V.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Aleksandrov, D.; Blau, D.; Dobretsov, V.; Fokin, S.; Ippolitov, M.; Kazantsev, A.; Kozlov, K.; Kucheriaev, Y.; Manko, V.; Moukhanova, T.; Nianine, A.; Nikolaev, S.; Nikulin, S.; Peressounko, D.; Ryabinkin, E.; Sibiriak, Y.; Vasiliev, A.; Vinogradov, A.; Yasnopolsky, A.; Yushmanov, I.] Russian Res Ctr, Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Jena, S.; Nandi, B. K.; Nyatha, A.; Pujahari, P.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Bathen, B.; Baumann, C.; Dietel, T.; Glasow, R.; Gottschlag, H.; Heide, M.; Rammler, M.; Reygers, K.; Santo, R.; Wessels, J.; Wilk, A.] Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-4400 Munster, Germany. [Aphecetche, L.; Batigne, G.; Benhabib, L.; Bourdaud, G.; del Valle, Z. Conesa; Cussonneau, J.; Delagrange, H.; Dialinas, M.; Estienne, M.; Germain, M.; Ichou, R.; Le Bris, N.; Lefevre, F.; Lenhardt, M.; Luquin, L.; Garcia, G. Martinez; Pillot, P.; Roy, C.; Schutz, Y.; Tournaire, A.; Yermia, F.] Univ Nantes, SUBATECH, Ecole Mines Nantes, CNRS,IN2P3, Nantes, France. [Aronsson, T.; Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Hicks, B.; Ma, R.; Putschke, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. [Frolov, A.; Pestov, Y.] Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Awes, T. C.; Enokizono, A.; Silvermyr, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Bimbot, L.; Boyer, B.; Chambert, V.; Charpy, A.; Espagnon, B.; Hadjidakis, C.; Hrivnacova, I.; Lafage, V.; Le Bornec, Y.; Lopez Noriega, M.; Malek, M.; Peyre, J.; Pouthas, J.; Rousseau, S.; Suire, C.; Takaki, D. J. Tapia; Willis, N.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IPNO, IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Aamodt, K.; Arsene, I. C.; Bravina, L.; Dordic, O.; Eyyubova, G.; Hille, P. T.; Kolevatov, R.; Kvaerno, H.; Lindal, S.; Lovhoiden, G.; Milosevic, J.; Nilsson, M. S.; Nyiri, A.; Skaali, T. B.; Tveter, T. S.; Tywoniuk, K.; Wikne, J.; Zabrodin, E.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. [Bianchin, C.; Bombonati, C.; Bortolin, C.; Caffarri, D.; Fabris, D.; Lunardon, M.; Morando, M.; Moretto, S.; Sahoo, R.; Scarlassara, F.; Segato, G.; Soramel, F.; Viesti, G.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. [Bielcik, J.; Kral, J.; Krus, M.; Pachr, M.; Petracek, V.; Pospisil, V.; Smakal, R.; Tlusty, D.; Wagner, V.; Zychacek, V.] Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn, CR-11519 Prague, Czech Republic. [Mares, J.; Polak, K.; Zavada, P.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Bogolyubsky, M.; Kharlov, Y.; Kim, J.; Polichtchouk, B.; Sadovsky, S.; Soloviev, A.; Stolpovsky, P.; Zenin, A.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Cortes Maldonado, I.; Fernandez Tellez, A.; Gonzalez Santos, H.; Lopez-Ramirez, R.; Martinez, M. I.; Munoz, J.; Rodriguez Cahuantzi, M.; Roman Lopez, S.; Tejeda Munoz, G.; Vargas, A.; Vergara, S.] Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. [Choi, K.; Lee, H.; Son, C. W.; Yi, J.; Yoo, I.-K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Adamova, D.; Bielcikova, J.; Kapitan, J.; Kushpil, S.; Kushpil, V.; Sumbera, M. S.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. [Meddi, F.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Di Liberto, S.; Mazzoni, M. A.; Meddi, F.; Urciuoli, G. M.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Baldisseri, A.; Borel, H.; Castellanos, J. Castillo; Charvet, J. L.; Orsini, F.; Pereira, H.; Rakotozafindrabe, A.; Staley, F.] IRFU, Commissariat Energie Atom, Saclay, France. [De Caro, A.; De Gruttola, D.; De Pasquale, S.; Girard, M. Fusco; Guarnaccia, C.; Pagano, P.; Russo, G.; Virgili, T.] Univ Salerno, Dipartimento Fis ER Caianiello, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. [De Caro, A.; De Gruttola, D.; De Pasquale, S.; Girard, M. Fusco; Guarnaccia, C.; Pagano, P.; Russo, G.; Virgili, T.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. [Klay, J. L.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Armesto, N.; Ferreiro, E. G.; Pajares, C.; Salgado, C. A.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Fis Particulas, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Armesto, N.; Ferreiro, E. G.; Pajares, C.; Salgado, C. A.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, IGFAE, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [de Barros, G. O. V.; Deppman, A.; Figueredo, M. A. S.; Lozea Feijo Soares, A.; Munhoz, M. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; Szanto de Toledo, A.] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Basmanov, V.; Budnikov, D.; Demanov, V.; Filchagin, S.; Ilkaev, R.; Kuryakin, A.; Mamonov, A.; Nazarenko, S.; Nazarov, G.; Punin, A.; Punin, V.; Tumkin, A.; Vikhlyantsev, O.; Vinogradov, Y.] Russian Fed Nucl Ctr VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia. [Han, B. H.; Hwang, D. S.; Kim, J. H.; Kim, S.; Son, H. S.] Sejong Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul, South Korea. [Bohm, J.; Chang, B.; Kang, J. H.; Kim, M.; Kim, Y.; Kwon, Y.; Song, M.] Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Gotovac, S.; Mudnic, E.; Vickovic, L.] Tech Univ Split FESB, Split, Croatia. [Asryan, A.; Braun, M.; Derkach, D.; Feofilov, G.; Ivanov, A.; Kolojvari, A.; Kondratiev, V.; Ochirov, A.; Semenov, D.; Vechernin, V.; Vinogradov, L.; Zarochentsev, A.] St Petersburg State Univ, V Fock Inst Phys, St Petersburg, Russia. [Belikov, I.; Coffin, J.-P.; Hippolyte, B.; Jangal, S.; Kuhn, C.; Lutz, J.-R.; Maire, A.; Michalon, A.; Ricaud, H.] Univ Strasbourg, IPHC, CNRS, IN2P3, Strasbourg, France. [Akimoto, R.; Gunji, T.; Hamagaki, H.; Hori, Y.; Okada, K.; Ozawa, K.; Sano, S.; Takahara, A.; Tsuji, T.] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [Bala, R.; Beole, S.; Bianchi, L.; Biolcati, E.; Bossu, F.; Chiavassa, E.; Cobanoglu, O.; Morales, Y. Corrales; Ferretti, A.; Gagliardi, M.; Gallio, M.; Trapaga, C. Garcia; Luparello, G.; Chiesa, A. Marzari; Masera, M.; Ortona, G.; Padilla, F.; Poggio, F.; Poghosyan, M. G.; Siciliano, M.; Stocco, D.; Vasquez, M. A. Subieta; Vercellin, E.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. [Alessandro, B.; Arnaldi, R.; Bagnasco, S.; Bala, R.; Beole, S.; Bianchi, L.; Biolcati, E.; Bossu, F.; Cerello, P.; Chiavassa, E.; Cobanoglu, O.; Coli, S.; Morales, Y. Corrales; De Marco, N.; De Remigis, R.; Ferretti, A.; Gagliardi, M.; Gallio, M.; Trapaga, C. Garcia; Giraudo, G.; Giubellino, P.; Luparello, G.; Chiesa, A. Marzari; Masera, M.; Mazza, G.; Mereu, P.; Monteno, M.; Musso, A.; Oppedisano, C.; Ortona, G.; Padilla, F.; Piccotti, A.; Poggio, F.; Poghosyan, M. G.; Prino, F.; Riccati, L.; Rivetti, A.; Scomparin, E.; Siciliano, M.; Stocco, D.; Vasquez, M. A. Subieta; Toscano, L.; Tosello, F.; Vercellin, E.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Turin, Italy. [Bosisio, L.; Bregant, M.; Camerini, P.; Cattaruzza, E.; Contin, G.; Margagliotti, G. V.; Rossi, A.; Rui, R.; Venaruzzo, M.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bosisio, L.; Bregant, M.; Camerini, P.; Cattaruzza, E.; Contin, G.; Fragiacomo, E.; Grion, N.; Margagliotti, G. V.; Piano, S.; Rachevski, A.; Rashevskaya, I.; Rossi, A.; Rui, R.; Vacchi, A.; Venaruzzo, M.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. [Chujo, T.; Inaba, M.; Miake, Y.; Sakata, D.; Sano, M.; Shimomura, M.; Tanabe, R.; Watanabe, K.; Yokoyama, H.] Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Chojnacki, M.; Christakoglou, P.; de Haas, A. P.; de Rooij, R.; Grelli, A.; Ivan, C.; Kamermans, R.; Mischke, A.; Nooren, G.; Oskamp, C. J.; Peitzmann, T.; Simili, E.; van den Brink, A.; van Leeuwen, M.; Verweij, M.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Subatom Phys, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Deloff, A.; Dobrowolski, T.; Ilkiv, I.; Kurashvili, P.; Redlich, K.; Siemiarczuk, T.; Stefanek, G.; Wilk, G.] Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Kikola, D.; Kupczak, R.; Oleniacz, J.; Ostrowski, P.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Szuba, M.; Traczyk, T.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Scharenberg, R. P.; Srivastava, B. K.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Conner, E. S.; Keidel, R.] Fachhsch Worms, ZTT, Worms, Germany. [Cai, X.; Ding, H.; Gang, S.; Ma, K.; Mao, Y.; Wan, R.; Wang, D.; Wang, Y.; Xu, C.; Yang, C.; Yin, Z.; Yuan, X.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, D.; Zhu, J.] Huazhong Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Grigoryan, A.; Gulkanyan, H.; Harutyunyan, A.; Hayrapetyan, A.] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. [Anticic, T.; Nikolic, V.; Susa, T.] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb, Croatia. Ctr Studi & Ric, Ctr Fermi, Rome, Italy. Museo Stor Fis Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy. Pontificia Univ Catolica Peru, Dept Ciencias, Secc Fis, Lima, Peru. Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. RP Dainese, A (reprint author), Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. EM andrea.dainese@pd.infn.it RI Sevcenco, Adrian/C-1832-2012; Haiduc, Maria /C-5003-2011; Mitu, Ciprian/E-6733-2011; Chinellato, David/D-3092-2012; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Barbera, Roberto/G-5805-2012; Cortese, Pietro/G-6754-2012; SCAPPARONE, EUGENIO/H-1805-2012; Gagliardi, Martino/J-4787-2012; Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca/I-8010-2012; Petta, Catia/A-7023-2012; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Felea, Daniel/C-1885-2012; beole', stefania/G-9353-2012; Turrisi, Rosario/H-4933-2012; Bregant, Marco/I-7663-2012; Christensen, Christian/D-6461-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; feofilov, grigory/A-2549-2013; Traczyk, Tomasz/C-1310-2013; Masera, Massimo/J-4313-2012; Colla, Alberto/J-4694-2012; Ramello, Luciano/F-9357-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Zarochentsev, Andrey/J-6253-2013; Kondratiev, Valery/J-8574-2013; Vacchi, Andrea/C-1291-2010; Bearden, Ian/M-4504-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Kharlov, Yuri/D-2700-2015; Usai, Gianluca/E-9604-2015; Salgado, Carlos A./G-2168-2015; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; Pshenichnov, Igor/A-4063-2008; BRAUN, MIKHAIL/I-6826-2013; Vechernin, Vladimir/J-5832-2013; Adamova, Dagmar/G-9789-2014; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Barnafoldi, Gergely Gabor/L-3486-2013; Christensen, Christian Holm/A-4901-2010; Guarnaccia, Claudio/N-3000-2013; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/G-8915-2013; Levai, Peter/A-1544-2014; Guber, Fedor/I-4271-2013; Wagner, Vladimir/G-5650-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Yang, Hongyan/J-9826-2014; Cosentino, Mauro/L-2418-2014; de Cuveland, Jan/H-6454-2016; Kutouski, Mikalai/I-1555-2016; Kurepin, Alexey/H-4852-2013; Jena, Satyajit/P-2409-2015; Akindinov, Alexander/J-2674-2016; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; van der Kolk, Naomi/M-9423-2016; Deppman, Airton/J-5787-2014; Zagreev, Boris/R-6460-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Ferreiro, Elena/C-3797-2017; Armesto, Nestor/C-4341-2017; Martinez Hernandez, Mario Ivan/F-4083-2010; Ferretti, Alessandro/F-4856-2013; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/I-5152-2016; Vickovic, Linda/F-3517-2017; Fernandez Tellez, Arturo/E-9700-2017; Rui, Rinaldo/L-1926-2015; Nielsen, Borge S/C-3719-2015; Vinogradov, Leonid/K-3047-2013; OI Sevcenco, Adrian/0000-0002-4151-1056; Chinellato, David/0000-0002-9982-9577; Barbera, Roberto/0000-0001-5971-6415; Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca/0000-0002-9611-3696; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Felea, Daniel/0000-0002-3734-9439; Christensen, Christian/0000-0002-1850-0121; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; feofilov, grigory/0000-0003-3700-8623; Traczyk, Tomasz/0000-0002-6602-4094; Zarochentsev, Andrey/0000-0002-3502-8084; Kondratiev, Valery/0000-0002-0031-0741; Vacchi, Andrea/0000-0003-3855-5856; Bearden, Ian/0000-0003-2784-3094; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Usai, Gianluca/0000-0002-8659-8378; Salgado, Carlos A./0000-0003-4586-2758; Pshenichnov, Igor/0000-0003-1752-4524; BRAUN, MIKHAIL/0000-0001-7398-7801; Vechernin, Vladimir/0000-0003-1458-8055; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Christensen, Christian Holm/0000-0002-1850-0121; Guarnaccia, Claudio/0000-0002-4014-0679; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/0000-0002-5187-2779; Guber, Fedor/0000-0001-8790-3218; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Cosentino, Mauro/0000-0002-7880-8611; de Cuveland, Jan/0000-0003-0455-1398; Kutouski, Mikalai/0000-0002-2920-8775; Kurepin, Alexey/0000-0002-1851-4136; Jena, Satyajit/0000-0002-6220-6982; Akindinov, Alexander/0000-0002-7388-3022; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; van der Kolk, Naomi/0000-0002-8670-0408; Deppman, Airton/0000-0001-9179-6363; Ferreiro, Elena/0000-0002-4449-2356; Armesto, Nestor/0000-0003-0940-0783; Martinez Hernandez, Mario Ivan/0000-0002-8503-3009; Ferretti, Alessandro/0000-0001-9084-5784; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/0000-0001-7166-5198; Vickovic, Linda/0000-0002-9820-7960; Fernandez Tellez, Arturo/0000-0003-0152-4220; Floris, Michele/0000-0003-0635-788X; Scomparin, Enrico/0000-0001-9015-9610; Rui, Rinaldo/0000-0002-6993-0332; Virgili, Tiziano/0000-0003-0471-7052; Guerzoni, Barbara/0000-0003-3187-7051; Nielsen, Borge S/0000-0002-0091-1934; Read, Kenneth/0000-0002-3358-7667; Christiansen, Peter/0000-0001-7066-3473; Larsen, Dag Toppe/0000-0002-9898-2174; Vinogradov, Leonid/0000-0001-9247-6230; Mohanty, Bedangadas/0000-0001-9610-2914; Gago Medina, Alberto Martin/0000-0002-0019-9692; Riggi, Francesco/0000-0002-0030-8377; Dainese, Andrea/0000-0002-2166-1874; Paticchio, Vincenzo/0000-0002-2916-1671; Monteno, Marco/0000-0002-3521-6333; Bhasin, Anju/0000-0002-3687-8179; SANTORO, ROMUALDO/0000-0002-4360-4600; Scarlassara, Fernando/0000-0002-4663-8216; Turrisi, Rosario/0000-0002-5272-337X; D'Erasmo, Ginevra/0000-0003-3407-6962; Tosello, Flavio/0000-0003-4602-1985; Beole', Stefania/0000-0003-4673-8038; Di Bari, Domenico/0000-0002-5559-8906; Newby, Robert/0000-0003-3571-1067; ORTONA, Giacomo/0000-0001-8411-2971; van Leeuwen, Marco/0000-0002-5222-4888; Masera, Massimo/0000-0003-1880-5467; Fernandez Tellez, Arturo/0000-0001-5092-9748 FU Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/F011989/1] NR 36 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 55 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. 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Miner, D. C. Orbaker, D. Petrillo, G. Vishnevskiy, D. Zielinski, M. Bhatti, A. Demortier, L. Goulianos, K. Hatakeyama, K. Lungu, G. Mesropian, C. Yan, M. Atramentov, O. Bartz, E. Gershtein, Y. Halkiadakis, E. Hits, D. Lath, A. Rose, K. Schnetzer, S. Somalwar, S. Stone, R. Thomas, S. Watts, T. L. Cerizza, G. Hollingsworth, M. Spanier, S. Yang, Z. C. York, A. Asaadi, J. Aurisano, A. Eusebi, R. Golyash, A. Gurrola, A. Kamon, T. Nguyen, C. N. Pivarski, J. Safonov, A. Sengupta, S. Toback, D. Weinberger, M. Akchurin, N. Berntzon, L. Gumus, K. Jeong, C. Kim, H. Lee, S. W. Popescu, S. Roh, Y. Sill, A. Volobouev, I. Washington, E. Wigmans, R. Yazgan, E. Engh, D. Florez, C. Johns, W. Pathak, S. Sheldon, P. Andelin, D. Arenton, M. W. Balazs, M. Boutle, S. Buehler, M. Conetti, S. Cox, B. Hirosky, R. Ledovskoy, A. Neu, C. Phillips, D., II Ronquest, M. Yohay, R. Gollapinni, S. Gunthoti, K. Harr, R. Karchin, P. E. Mattson, M. Sakharov, A. Anderson, M. Bachtis, M. Bellinger, J. N. Carlsmith, D. Crotty, I. Dasu, S. Dutta, S. Efron, J. Feyzi, F. Flood, K. Gray, L. Grogg, K. S. Grothe, M. Hall-Wilton, R. Jaworski, M. Klabbers, P. Klukas, J. Lanaro, A. Lazaridis, C. Leonard, J. Loveless, R. de Abril, M. Magrans Mohapatra, A. Ott, G. Polese, G. Reeder, D. Savin, A. Smith, W. H. Sourkov, A. Swanson, J. Weinberg, M. Wenman, D. Wensveen, M. White, A. CA CMS Collaboration TI Calibration of the CMS drift tube chambers and measurement of the drift velocity with cosmic rays SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Large detector systems for particle astroparticle physics; Particle tracking detectors (Gaseous detectors) AB This paper describes the calibration procedure for the drift tubes of the CMS barrel muon system and reports the main results obtained with data collected during a high statistics cosmic ray data-taking period. The main goal of the calibration is to determine, for each drift cell, the minimum time delay for signals relative to the trigger, accounting for the drift velocity within the cell. The accuracy of the calibration procedure is influenced by the random arrival time of the cosmic muons relative to the LHC clock cycle. A more refined analysis of the drift velocity was performed during the offline reconstruction phase, which takes into account this feature of cosmic ray events. C1 [Chatrchyan, S.; Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. M.] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. [Adam, W.; Arnold, B.; Bergauer, H.; Bergauer, T.; Dragicevic, M.; Eichberger, M.; Eroe, J.; Friedl, M.; Fruehwirth, R.; Ghete, V. M.; Hammer, J.; Haensel, S.; Hoch, M.; Hoermann, N.; Hrubec, J.; Jeitler, M.; Kasieczka, G.; Kastner, K.; Krammer, M.; Liko, D.; de Abril, I. 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A.; Delmeire, E.; Druzhkin, D.; Hashemi, M.; Janssen, X.; Maes, T.; Mucibello, L.; Ochesanu, S.; Rougny, R.; Selvaggi, M.; Van Haevermaet, H.; Van Mechelen, P.; Van Remortel, N.] Univ Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. [Adler, V.; Beauceron, S.; Blyweert, S.; D'Hondt, J.; De Weirdt, S.; Devroede, O.; Heyninck, J.; Kalogeropoulos, A.; Maes, J.; Maes, M.; Mozer, M. U.; Tavernier, S.; Van Doninck, W.; Van Mulders, P.; Villella, I.; Bouhali, O.] Vrije Univ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. [Chabert, E. C.; Charaf, O.; Clerbaux, B.; De Lentdecker, G.; Dero, V.; Elgammal, S.; Gay, A. P. R.; Hammad, G. H.; Marage, P. E.; Rugovac, S.; Velde, C. Vander; Vanlaer, P.; Wickens, J.] Univ Libre Brussels, Brussels, Belgium. [Grunewald, M.; Klein, B.; Marinov, A.; Ryckbosch, D.; Thyssen, F.; Tytgat, M.; Vanelderen, L.; Verwilligen, P.] Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Basegmez, S.; Bruno, G.; Caudron, J.; Delaere, C.; Demin, P.; Favart, D.; Giammanco, A.; Gregoire, G.; Lemaitre, V.; Militaru, O.; Ovyn, S.; Piotrzkowski, K.; Quertenmont, L.; Schul, N.; Dimitrov, A.] Catholic Univ Louvain, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Beliy, N.; Daubie, E.] Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. [Alves, G. A.; Pol, M. E.; Souza, M. H. G.] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Carvalho, W.; De Jesus Damiao, D.; De Oliveira Martins, C.; Fonseca De Souza, S.; Mundim, L.; Oguri, V.; Santoro, A.; Silva Do Amaral, S. M.; Sznajder, A.] Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, BR-20550011 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Fernandez Perez Tomei, T. R.; Ferreira Dias, M. A.; Gregores, E. M.; Novaes, S. F.] Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Abadjiev, K.; Anguelov, T.; Damgov, J.; Darmenov, N.; Dimitrov, L.; Genchev, V.; Iaydjiev, P.; Piperov, S.; Stoykova, S.; Sultanov, G.; Trayanov, R.; Vankov, I.] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Dimitrov, A.; Dyulendarova, M.; Kozhuharov, V.; Litov, L.; Marinova, E.; Mateev, M.; Pavlov, B.; Petkov, P.; Toteva, Z.] Univ Sofia, BU-1126 Sofia, Bulgaria. [Chen, G. M.; Chen, H. S.; Guan, W.; Jiang, C. H.; Liang, D.; Liu, B.; Meng, X.; Tao, J.; Wang, J.; Wang, Z.; Xue, Z.; Zhang, Z.] Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [Ban, Y.; Cai, J.; Ge, Y.; Guo, S.; Hu, Z.; Mao, Y.; Qian, S. J.; Teng, H.; Zhu, B.] Peking Univ, State Key Lab Nucl Phys & Tech, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Avila, C.; Baquero Ruiz, M.; Carrillo Montoya, C. A.; Gomez, A.; Gomez Moreno, B.; Ocampo Rios, A. A.; Osorio Oliveros, A. F.; Reyes Romero, D.; Sanabria, J. C.] Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. [Godinovic, N.; Lelas, K.; Plestina, R.; Polic, D.; Puljak, I.] Tech Univ Split, Split, Croatia. [Antunovic, Z.; Dzelalija, M.] Univ Split, Split, Croatia. [Brigljevic, V.; Duric, S.; Kadija, K.; Morovic, S.] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb, Croatia. [Fereos, R.; Galanti, M.; Mousa, J.; Papadakis, A.; Ptochos, F.; Razis, P. A.; Tsiakkouri, D.; Zinonos, Z.] Univ Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus. [Hektor, A.; Kadastik, M.; Kannike, K.; Muentel, M.; Raidal, M.; Rebane, L.] NICPB, Tallinn, Estonia. [Anttila, E.; Czellar, S.; Harkonen, J.; Heikkinen, A.; Karimaki, V.; Kinnunen, R.; Klem, J.; Kortelainen, M. J.; Lampen, T.; Lassila-Perini, K.; Lehti, S.; Linden, T.; Luukka, P.; Maenpaa, T.; Nysten, J.; Tuominen, E.; Tuominiemi, J.; Ungaro, D.; Wendland, L.] Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Banzuzi, K.; Korpela, A.; Tuuva, T.] Lappeenranta Univ Technol, Lappeenranta, Finland. [Nedelec, P.; Sillou, D.] CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Besancon, M.; Chipaux, R.; Dejardin, M.; Denegri, D.; Descamps, J.; Fabbro, B.; Faure, J. L.; Ferri, F.; Ganjour, S.; Gentit, F. X.; Givernaud, A.; Gras, P.; de Monchenault, G. Hamel; Jarry, P.; Lemaire, M. C.; Locci, E.; Malcles, J.; Marionneau, M.; Millischer, L.; Rander, J.; Rosowsky, A.; Rousseau, D.; Titov, M.; Verrecchia, P.] CEA Saclay, DSM IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Baffioni, S.; Bianchini, L.; Bluj, M.; Busson, P.; Charlot, C.; Dobrzynski, L.; de Cassagnac, R. Granier; Haguenauer, M.; Mine, P.; Paganini, P.; Sirois, Y.; Thiebaux, C.; Zabi, A.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Agram, J. -L.; Besson, A.; Bloch, D.; Bodin, D.; Brom, J. -M.; Conte, E.; Drouhin, F.; Fontaine, J. -C.; Gele, D.; Goerlach, U.; Gross, L.; Juillot, P.; Le Bihan, A. -C.; Patois, Y.; Speck, J.; Van Hove, P.] Univ Haute Alsace Mulhouse, Inst Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Univ Strasbourg, CNRS,IN2P3, Strasbourg, France. [Baty, C.; Bedjidian, M.; Blaha, J.; Boudoul, G.; Brun, H.; Chanon, N.; Chierici, R.; Contardo, D.; Depasse, P.; Dupasquier, T.; El Mamouni, H.; Fassi, F.; Fay, J.; Gascon, S.; Ille, B.; Kurca, T.; Le Grand, T.; Lethuillier, M.; Lumb, N.; Mirabito, L.; Perries, S.; Donckt, M. Vander; Verdier, P.] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Djaoshvili, N.; Roinishvili, N.; Roinishvili, V.] Acad Sci, E Andronikashvili Inst Phys, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Amaglobeli, N.] Tbilisi State Univ, Inst High Energy Phys & Informatizat, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Adolphi, R.; Anagnostou, G.; Brauer, R.; Braunschweig, W.; Edelhoff, M.; Esser, H.; Feld, L.; Karpinski, W.; Khomich, A.; Klein, K.; Mohr, N.; Ostaptchouk, A.; Pandoulas, D.; Pierschel, G.; Raupach, F.; Schael, S.; von Dratzig, A. Schultz; Schwering, G.; Sprenger, D.; Thomas, M.; Weber, M.; Wittmer, B.; Wlochal, M.; Volyanskyy, D.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, Aachen, Germany. [Actis, O.; Altenhoefer, G.; Bender, W.; Biallass, P.; Erdmann, M.; Fetchenhauer, G.; Frangenheim, J.; Hebbeker, T.; Hilgers, G.; Hinzmann, A.; Hoepfner, K.; Hof, C.; Kirsch, M.; Klimkovich, T.; Kreuzer, P.; Lanskey, D.; Merschmeyer, M.; Meyer, A.; Philipps, B.; Pieta, H.; Reithler, H.; Schmitz, S. A.; Sonnenschein, L.; Sowa, M.; Steggemann, J.; Szczesny, H.; Teyssier, D.; Zeidler, C.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst A 3, Aachen, Germany. [Bontenackels, M.; Davids, M.; Duda, M.; Fluegge, G.; Geenen, H.; Giffels, M.; Ahmad, W. Haj; Hermanns, T.; Heydhausen, D.; Kalinin, S.; Kress, T.; Linn, A.; Nowack, A.; Perchalla, L.; Poettgens, M.; Pooth, O.; Sauerland, P.; Stahl, A.; Tornier, D.; Zoeller, M. H.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst B 3, Aachen, Germany. [Martin, M. Aldaya; Behrens, U.; Borras, K.; Campbell, A.; Castro, E.; Dammann, D.; Eckerlin, G.; Flossdorf, A.; Flucke, G.; Geiser, A.; Hatton, D.; Hauk, J.; Jung, H.; Kasemann, M.; Katkov, I.; Kleinwort, C.; Kluge, H.; Knutsson, A.; Kuznetsova, E.; Lange, W.; Lohmann, W.; Mankel, R.; Marienfeld, M.; Meyer, A. B.; Miglioranzi, S.; Mnich, J.; Ohlerich, M.; Olzem, J.; Parenti, A.; Rosemann, C.; Schmidt, R.; Schoerner-Sadenius, T.; Wissing, C.] DESY, Hamburg, Germany. [Zeuner, W. D.; Autermann, C.; Bechtel, F.; Draeger, J.; Eckstein, D.; Gebbert, U.; Kaschube, K.; Kaussen, G.; Klanner, R.; Mura, B.; Naumann-Emme, S.; Nowak, F.; Pein, U.; Sander, C.; Schleper, P.; Schum, T.; Stadie, H.; Steinbrueck, G.; Thomsen, J.; Wolf, R.] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. [Bauer, J.; Bluem, P.; Buege, V.; Cakir, A.; Chwalek, T.; De Boer, W.; Dierlamm, A.; Dirkes, G.; Feindt, M.; Felzmann, U.; Frey, M.; Furgeri, A.; Gruschke, J.; Hackstein, C.; Hartmann, F.; Heier, S.; Heinrich, M.; Held, H.; Hirschbuehl, D.; Hoffmann, K. H.; Honc, S.; Jung, C.; Kuhr, T.; Liamsuwan, T.; Martschei, D.; Mueller, S.; Mueller, Th.; Neuland, M. B.; Niegel, M.; Oberst, O.; Oehler, A.; Ott, J.; Peiffer, T.; Piparo, D.; Quast, G.; Rabbertz, K.; Ratnikov, F.; Ratnikova, N.; Renz, M.; Saout, C.; Sartisohn, G.; Scheurer, A.; Schieferdecker, P.; Schilling, F. -P.; Schott, G.; Simonis, H. J.; Stober, F. M.; Sturm, P.; Troendle, D.; Trunov, A.; Wagner, W.; Wagner-Kuhr, J.; Zeise, M.; Zhukov, V.; Ziebarth, E. B.] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-7500 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Daskalakis, G.; Geralis, T.; Karafasoulis, K.; Kyriakis, A.; Loukas, D.; Markou, A.; Markou, C.; Mavrommatis, C.; Petrakou, E.; Zachariadou, A.] Inst Nucl Phys Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece. [Gouskos, L.; Katsas, P.; Panagiotou, A.] Univ Athens, Athens, Greece. [Evangelou, I.; Kokkas, P.; Manthos, N.; Papadopoulos, I.; Patras, V.; Triantis, F. A.] Univ Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Bencze, G.; Boldizsar, L.; Debreczeni, G.; Hajdu, C.; Hernath, S.; Hidas, P.; Horvath, D.; Krajczar, K.; Laszlo, A.; Patay, G.; Sikler, F.; Toth, N.; Vesztergombi, G.] KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. [Beni, N.; Christian, G.; Imrek, J.; Molnar, J.; Novak, D.; Palinkas, J.; Szekely, G.; Szillasi, Z.; Tokesi, K.; Veszpremi, V.] Inst Nucl Res ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary. [Kapusi, A.; Marian, G.; Raics, P.; Szabo, Z.; Trocsanyi, Z. L.; Ujvari, B.; Zilizi, G.] Univ Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary. [Bansal, S.; Bawa, H. S.; Beri, S. B.; Bhatnagar, V.; Jindal, M.; Kaur, M.; Kaur, R.; Kohli, J. M.; Mehta, M. Z.; Nishu, N.; Saini, L. K.; Sharma, A.; Singh, A.; Singh, J. B.; Singh, S. P.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Ahuja, S.; Arora, S.; Bhattacharya, S.; Chauhan, S.; Choudhary, B. C.; Gupta, P.; Jain, S.; Jha, M.; Kumar, A.; Ranjan, K.; Shivpuri, R. K.; Srivastava, A. K.] Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. [Choudhury, R. K.; Dutta, D.; Kailas, S.; Kataria, S. K.; Mohanty, A. K.; Pant, L. M.; Shukla, P.; Topkar, A.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India. [Aziz, T.; Guchait, M.; Gurtu, A.; Maity, M.; Majumder, D.; Majumder, G.; Mazumdar, K.; Nayak, A.; Saha, A.; Sudhakar, K.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, EHEP, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. [Banerjee, S.; Dugad, S.; Mondal, N. K.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, HECR, Mumbai 400005, Maharashtra, India. [Arfaei, H.; Bakhshiansohi, H.; Fahim, A.; Jafari, A.; Najafabadi, M. Mohammadi; Moshaii, A.; Mehdiabadi, S. Paktinat; Rouhani, S.; Safarzadeh, B.; Zeinali, M.] Inst Studies Theoret Phys & Math IPM, Tehran, Iran. [Felcini, M.] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Abbrescia, M.; Barbone, L.; Chiumarulo, F.; Clemente, A.; Colaleo, A.; Creanza, D.; Cuscela, G.; De Filippis, N.; De Palma, M.; De Robertis, G.; Donvito, G.; Fedele, F.; Fiore, L.; Franco, M.; Iaselli, G.; Lacalamita, N.; Loddo, F.; Lusito, L.; Maggi, G.; Maggi, M.; Manna, N.; Marangelli, B.; My, S.; Natali, S.; Nuzzo, S.; Papagni, G.; Piccolomo, S.; Pierro, G. A.; Pinto, C.; Pompili, A.; Pugliese, G.; Rajan, R.; Ranieri, A.; Romano, F.; Roselli, G.; Selvaggi, G.; Shinde, Y.; Silvestris, L.; Tupputi, S.; Zito, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Abbrescia, M.; De Palma, M.; Lusito, L.; Manna, N.; Marangelli, B.; Natali, S.; Nuzzo, S.; Pompili, A.; Roselli, G.; Selvaggi, G.; Tupputi, S.] Univ Bari, Bari, Italy. [Creanza, D.; Iaselli, G.; Maggi, G.; My, S.; Pugliese, G.; Romano, F.] Politecn Bari, Bari, Italy. [Abbiendi, G.; Bacchi, W.; Benvenuti, A. C.; Boldini, M.; Bonacorsi, D.; Braibant-Giacomelli, S.; Cafaro, V. D.; Caiazza, S. S.; Capiluppi, P.; Castro, A.; Cavallo, F. R.; Codispoti, G.; Cuffiani, M.; D'Antone, I.; Dallavalle, G. M.; Fabbri, F.; Fanfani, A.; Fasanella, D.; Giacomelli, P.; Giordano, V.; Giunta, M.; Grandi, C.; Guerzoni, M.; Marcellini, S.; Masetti, G.; Montanari, A.; Navarria, F. L.; Odorici, F.; Pellegrini, G.; Perrotta, A.; Rossi, A. M.; Rovelli, T.; Siroli, G.; Torromeo, G.; Travaglini, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Bacchi, W.; Braibant-Giacomelli, S.; Capiluppi, P.; Castro, A.; Codispoti, G.; Cuffiani, M.; Fanfani, A.; Masetti, G.; Navarria, F. L.; Rossi, A. M.; Rovelli, T.; Siroli, G.; Travaglini, R.] Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. [Albergo, S.; Costa, S.; Potenza, R.; Tricomi, A.; Tuve, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, I-95129 Catania, Italy. [Albergo, S.; Costa, S.; Potenza, R.; Tricomi, A.] Univ Catania, Catania, Italy. [Barbagli, G.; Broccolo, G.; Ciulli, V.; Civinini, C.; D'Alessandro, R.; Focardi, E.; Frosali, S.; Gallo, E.; Genta, C.; Landia, G.; Lenzi, P.; Meschini, M.; Paoletti, S.; Sguazzoni, G.; Tropiano, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Broccolo, G.; Ciulli, V.; D'Alessandro, R.; Focardi, E.; Frosali, S.; Genta, C.; Landia, G.; Lenzi, P.] Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. [Benussi, L.; Bertani, M.; Bianco, S.; Colafranceschi, S.; Colonna, D.; Fabbri, F.; Giardoni, M.; Passamonti, L.; Piccolo, D.; Pierluigi, D.; Ponzio, B.; Russo, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Fabbricatore, P.; Musenich, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Benaglia, A.; Calloni, M.; Cerati, G. B.; D'Angelo, P.; De Guio, F.; Farina, F. M.; Ghezzi, A.; Govoni, P.; Malberti, M.; Malvezzi, S.; Martelli, A.; Menasce, D.; Miccio, V.; Moroni, L.; Negri, P.; Paganoni, M.; Pedrini, D.; Pullia, A.; Ragazzi, S.; Redaelli, N.; Sala, S.; Salerno, R.; de Fatis, T. Tabarelli; Tancini, V.; Taroni, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano Bicocca, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cerati, G. B.; Govoni, P.; Malberti, M.; Miccio, V.; Negri, P.; Paganoni, M.; Pullia, A.; Ragazzi, S.; Salerno, R.; de Fatis, T. Tabarelli; Tancini, V.; Taroni, S.] Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. [Buontempo, S.; Cavallo, N.; Cimmino, A.; De Gruttola, M.; Fabozzi, F.; Iorio, A. O. M.; Lista, L.; Lomidze, D.; Noli, P.; Paolucci, P.; Sciacca, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80125 Naples, Italy. [Cimmino, A.; De Gruttola, M.; Noli, P.; Sciacca, C.] Univ Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. [Azzi, P.; Bacchetta, N.; Barcellan, L.; Bellan, P.; Bellato, M.; Benettoni, M.; Biasotto, M.; Bisello, D.; Borsato, E.; Branca, A.; Carlin, R.; Castellani, L.; Checchia, P.; Conti, E.; Dal Corso, F.; De Mattia, M.; Dorigo, T.; Dosselli, U.; Fanzago, F.; Gasparini, F.; Gasparini, U.; Giubilato, P.; Gonella, F.; Gresele, A.; Gulmini, M.; Kaminskiy, A.; Lacaprara, S.; Lazzizzera, I.; Margoni, M.; Maron, G.; Mattiazzo, S.; Mazzucato, M.; Meneghelli, M.; Meneguzzo, A. T.; Michelotto, M.; Montecassiano, F.; Nespolo, M.; Passaseo, M.; Pegoraro, M.; Perrozzi, L.; Pozzobon, N.; Ronchese, P.; Simonetto, F.; Toniolo, N.; Torassa, E.; Tosi, M.; Triossi, A.; Vanini, S.; Ventura, S.; Zotto, P.; Zumerle, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, Padua, Italy. [Bellan, P.; Bisello, D.; Borsato, E.; Carlin, R.; De Mattia, M.; Gasparini, F.; Gasparini, U.; Giubilato, P.; Kaminskiy, A.; Margoni, M.; Mattiazzo, S.; Meneguzzo, A. T.; Pozzobon, N.; Simonetto, F.; Tosi, M.; Vanini, S.; Zotto, P.; Zumerle, G.] Univ Padua, Padua, Italy. [Baesso, P.; Berzano, U.; Bricola, S.; Necchi, M. M.; Pagano, D.; Ratti, S. P.; Riccardi, C.; Torre, P.; Vicini, A.; Vitulo, P.; Viviani, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Baesso, P.; Necchi, M. M.; Pagano, D.; Ratti, S. P.; Riccardi, C.; Torre, P.; Vitulo, P.; Viviani, C.] Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Aisa, D.; Aisa, S.; Babucci, E.; Biasini, M.; Bilei, G. M.; Caponeri, B.; Checcucci, B.; Dinu, N.; Fano, L.; Farnesini, L.; Lariccia, P.; Lucaroni, A.; Mantovani, G.; Nappi, A.; Piluso, A.; Postolache, V.; Santocchia, A.; Servoli, L.; Tonoiu, D.; Vedaee, A.; Volpe, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Biasini, M.; Caponeri, B.; Lariccia, P.; Lucaroni, A.; Mantovani, G.; Nappi, A.; Santocchia, A.; Volpe, R.] Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Azzurri, P.; Bagliesi, G.; Bernardini, J.; Berretta, L.; Boccali, T.; Bocci, A.; Borrello, L.; Bosi, F.; Calzolari, F.; Castaldi, R.; Dell'Orso, R.; Fiori, F.; Foa, L.; Gennai, S.; Giassi, A.; Kraan, A.; Ligabue, F.; Lomtadze, T.; Mariani, F.; Martini, L.; Massa, M.; Messineo, A.; Moggi, A.; Palla, F.; Palmonari, F.; Petragnani, G.; Petrucciani, G.; Raffaelli, F.; Sarkar, S.; Segneri, G.; Serban, A. T.; Spagnolo, P.; Tenchini, R.; Tolaini, S.; Tonelli, G.; Venturi, A.; Verdini, P. G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Bernardini, J.; Fiori, F.; Messineo, A.; Tonelli, G.] Univ Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Azzurri, P.; Bocci, A.; Borrello, L.; Foa, L.; Gennai, S.; Ligabue, F.; Petrucciani, G.] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Baccaro, S.; Barone, L.; Bartoloni, A.; Cavallari, F.; Dafinei, I.; Del Re, D.; Di Marco, E.; Diemoz, M.; Franci, D.; Longo, E.; Organtini, G.; Palma, A.; Pandolfi, F.; Paramatti, R.; Pellegrino, F.; Rahatlou, S.; Rovelli, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, Rome, Italy. [Barone, L.; Del Re, D.; Di Marco, E.; Franci, D.; Longo, E.; Organtini, G.; Palma, A.; Pandolfi, F.; Rahatlou, S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. [Alampi, G.; Amapane, N.; Arcidiacono, R.; Argiro, S.; Arneodo, M.; Biino, C.; Borgia, M. A.; Botta, C.; Cartiglia, N.; Castello, R.; Cerminara, G.; Costa, M.; Dattola, D.; Dellacasa, G.; Demaria, N.; Dughera, G.; Dumitrache, F.; Graziano, A.; Mariotti, C.; Marone, M.; Maselli, S.; Migliore, E.; Mila, G.; Monaco, V.; Musich, M.; Nervo, M.; Obertino, M. M.; Oggero, S.; Panero, R.; Pastrone, N.; Pelliccioni, M.; Romero, A.; Ruspa, M.; Sacchi, R.; Solano, A.; Staiano, A.; Trapani, P. P.; Trocino, D.; Pereira, A. Vilela; Visca, L.; Zampieri, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Amapane, N.; Arcidiacono, R.; Argiro, S.; Borgia, M. A.; Botta, C.; Castello, R.; Cerminara, G.; Costa, M.; Graziano, A.; Marone, M.; Migliore, E.; Mila, G.; Monaco, V.; Musich, M.; Nervo, M.; Oggero, S.; Pelliccioni, M.; Romero, A.; Sacchi, R.; Solano, A.; Trapani, P. P.; Trocino, D.; Pereira, A. Vilela; Visca, L.] Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. [Arneodo, M.; Obertino, M. M.; Ruspa, M.] Univ Piemonte Orientale Novara, Turin, Italy. [Ambroglini, F.; Belforte, S.; Cossutti, F.; Della Ricca, G.; Gobbo, B.; Penzo, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Trieste, Italy. [Ambroglini, F.; Della Ricca, G.] Univ Trieste, Trieste, Italy. [Chang, S.; Chung, J.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, G. N.; Kong, D. J.; Park, H.; Son, D. C.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu, South Korea. [Bahk, S. Y.] Wonkwang Univ, Iksan, South Korea. [Song, S.] Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. [Jung, S. Y.] Konkuk Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Hong, B.; Kim, H.; Kim, J. H.; Lee, K. S.; Moon, D. H.; Park, S. K.; Rhee, H. B.; Sim, K. S.] Korea Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Kim, J.] Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Choi, M.; Hahn, G.; Park, I. C.] Univ Seoul, Seoul, South Korea. [Choi, S.; Choi, Y.; Goh, J.; Jeong, H.; Kim, T. J.; Lee, J.; Lee, S.] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon, South Korea. [Janulis, M.; Martisiute, D.; Petrov, P.; Sabonis, T.] Vilnius Univ, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Castilla Valdez, H.; Sanchez Hernandez, A.] IPN, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City 07738, DF, Mexico. [Carrillo Moreno, S.] Univ Iberoamer, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Morelos Pineda, A.] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. [Allfrey, P.; Gray, R. N. C.; Krofcheck, D.] Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Rodrigues, N. Bernardino; Butler, P. H.; Signal, T.; Williams, J. C.] Univ Canterbury, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Ahmad, M.; Ahmed, I.; Ahmed, W.; Asghar, M. I.; Awan, M. I. M.; Hoorani, H. R.; Hussain, I.; Khan, W. A.; Khurshid, T.; Muhammad, S.; Qazi, S.; Shahzad, H.] Quaid I Azam Univ, Natl Ctr Phys, Islamabad, Pakistan. [Cwiok, M.; Dabrowski, R.; Dominik, W.; Doroba, K.; Konecki, M.; Krolikowski, J.; Pozniak, K.; Romaniuk, R.; Zabolotny, W.; Zych, P.] Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. [Frueboes, T.; Gokieli, R.; Goscilo, L.; Gorski, M.; Kazana, M.; Nawrocki, K.; Szleper, M.; Wrochna, G.; Zalewski, P.] Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Antunes Pedro, L.; Bargassa, P.; David, A.; Faccioli, P.; Ferreira Parracho, P. G.; Freitas Ferreira, M.; Gallinaro, M.; Guerra Jordao, M.; Martins, P.; Mini, G.; Musella, P.; Pela, J.; Raposo, L.; Ribeiro, P. Q.; Sampaio, S.; Seixas, J.; Silva, J.; Silva, P.; Soares, D.; Sousa, M.; Varela, J.; Woehri, H. K.; Anisimov, A.] Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas, Lisbon, Portugal. [Altsybeev, I.; Belotelov, I.; Bunin, P.; Ershov, Y.; Filozova, I.; Finger, M.; Finger, M., Jr.; Golunov, A.; Golutvin, I.; Gorbounov, N.; Kalagin, V.; Kamenev, A.; Karjavin, V.; Konoplyanikov, V.; Korenkov, V.; Kozlov, G.; Kurenkov, A.; Lanev, A.; Makankin, A.; Mitsyn, V. V.; Moisenz, P.; Nikonov, E.; Oleynik, D.; Palichik, V.; Perelygin, V.; Petrosyan, A.; Semenov, R.; Shmatov, S.; Smirnov, V.; Smolin, D.; Tikhonenko, E.; Vasil'ev, S.; Vishnevskiy, A.; Volodko, A.; Zarubin, A.; Zhiltsov, V.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. [Bondar, N.; Chtchipounov, L.; Denisov, A.; Gavrikov, Y.; Gavrilov, G.; Golovtsov, V.; Ivanov, Y.; Kim, V.; Kozlov, V.; Levchenko, P.; Obrant, G.; Orishchin, E.; Petrunin, A.; Shcheglov, Y.; Shchetkovskiy, A.; Sknar, V.; Smirnov, I.; Sulimov, V.; Tarakanov, V.; Uvarov, L.; Vavilov, S.; Velichko, G.; Volkov, S.; Vorobyev, A.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Andreev, Yu.; Anisimov, A.; Antipov, P.; Dermenev, A.; Gninenko, S.; Golubev, N.; Kirsanov, M.; Krasnikov, N.; Matveev, V.; Pashenkov, A.; Postoev, V. E.; Solovey, A.; Toropin, A.; Troitsky, S.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia. [Baud, A.; Epshteyn, V.; Gavrilov, V.; Ilina, N.; Kaftanov, V.; Kolosov, V.; Kossov, M.; Krokhotin, A.; Kuleshov, S.; Oulianov, A.; Safronov, G.; Semenov, S.; Shreyber, I.; Stolin, V.; Vlasov, E.; Zhokin, A.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. [Boos, E.; Dubinin, M.; Dudko, L.; Ershov, A.; Gribushin, A.; Klyukhin, V.; Kodolova, O.; Lokhtin, I.; Petrushanko, S.; Sarycheva, L.; Savrin, V.; Snigirev, A.; Vardanyan, I.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. [Dremin, I.; Kirakosyan, M.; Konovalova, N.; Rusakov, S. V.; Vinogradov, A.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. [Akimenko, S.; Artamonov, A.; Azhgirey, I.; Bitioukov, S.; Burtovoy, V.; Grishin, V.; Kachanov, V.; Konstantinov, D.; Krychkine, V.; Levine, A.; Lobov, I.; Lukanin, V.; Mel'nik, Y.; Petrov, V.; Sobol, A.; Sytine, A.; Tourtchanovitch, L.; Troshin, S.; Tyurin, N.; Uzunian, A.; Volkov, A.] Inst High Energy Phys, State Res Ctr Russian Federat, Protvino, Russia. [Adzic, P.; Djordjevic, M.; Jovanovic, D.; Krpic, D.; Maletic, D.; Puzovic, J.; Smiljkovic, N.] Vinca Inst Nucl Sci, Belgrade, Serbia. [Aguilar-Benitez, M.; Alberdi, J.; Alcaraz Maestre, J.; Arce, P.; Barcala, J. M.; Battilana, C.; Burgos Lazaro, C.; Caballero Bejar, J.; Calvo, E.; Cardenas Montes, M.; Cepeda, M.; Cerrada, M.; Chamizo Llatas, M.; Clemente, F.; Colino, N.; Daniel, M.; De La Cruz, B.; Delgado Peris, A.; Diez Pardos, C.; Bedoya, C. Fernandez; Fernandez Ramos, J. P.; Ferrando, A.; Flix, J.; Fouz, M. C.; Garcia-Abia, P.; Garcia-Bonilla, A. C.; Gonzalez Lopez, O.; Goy Lopez, S.; Hernandez, J. M.; Josa, M. I.; Marin, J.; Merino, G.; Molina, J.; Molinero, A.; Navarrete, J. J.; Oller, J. C.; Puerta Pelayo, J.; Romero, L.; Santaolalla, J.; Villanueva Munoz, C.; Willmott, C.; Yuste, C.] CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Albajar, C.; Blanco Otano, M.; de Troconiz, J. F.; Garcia Rabos, A.; Lopez Berengueres, J. O.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Cuevas, J.; Fernandez Menendez, J.; Gonzalez Caballero, I.; Lloret Iglesias, L.; Naves Sordo, H.; Vizan Garcia, J. M.] Univ Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. [Cabrillo, I. J.; Chuang, S. H.; Diaz Merino, I.; Diez Gonzalez, C.; Duarte Campderros, J.; Fernandez, M.; Gomez, G.; Gonzalez Sanchez, J.; Gonzalez Suarez, R.; Jorda, C.; Lobelle Pardo, P.; Lopez Virto, A.; Marco, J.; Marco, R.; Martinez Rivero, C.; Ruiz del Arbol, P. Martinez; Matorras, F.; Rodrigo, T.; Ruiz Jimeno, A.; Scodellaro, L.; Sobron Sanudo, M.; Vila, I.; Vilar Cortabitarte, R.] Univ Cantabria, IFCA, CSIC, E-39005 Santander, Spain. [Abbaneo, D.; Albert, E.; Alidra, M.; Ashby, S.; Auffray, E.; Baechler, J.; Baillon, P.; Ball, A. H.; Bally, S. L.; Barney, D.; Beaudette, F.; Bellan, R.; Benedetti, D.; Benelli, G.; Bernet, C.; Bloch, P.; Bolognesi, S.; Bona, M.; Bos, J.; Bourgeois, N.; Bourrel, T.; Breuker, H.; Bunkowski, K.; Campi, D.; Camporesi, T.; Cano, E.; Cattai, A.; Chatelain, J. P.; Chauvey, M.; Christiansen, T.; Perez, J. A. Coarasa; Garcia, A. Conde; Covarelli, R.; Cure, B.; De Roeck, A.; Delachenal, V.; Deyrail, D.; Di Vincenzo, S.; Dos Santos, S.; Dupont, T.; Edera, L. M.; Elliott-Peisert, A.; Eppard, M.; Favre, M.; Frank, N.; Funk, W.; Gaddi, A.; Gastal, M.; Gateau, M.; Gerwig, H.; Gigi, D.; Gill, K.; Giordano, D.; Girod, J. P.; Glege, F.; Garrido, R. Gomez-Reino; Goudard, R.; Gowdy, S.; Guida, R.; Guiducci, L.; Gutleber, J.; Hansen, M.; Hartl, C.; Harvey, J.; Hegner, B.; Hoffmann, H. F.; Holzner, A.; Honma, A.; Huhtinen, M.; Innocente, V.; Janot, P.; Le Godec, G.; Lecoq, P.; Leonidopoulos, C.; Loos, R.; Lourenco, C.; Lyonnet, A.; Macpherson, A.; Magini, N.; Maillefaud, J. D.; Maire, G.; Maeki, T.; Malgeri, L.; Mannelli, M.; Masetti, L.; Meijers, F.; Meridiani, P.; Mersi, S.; Meschi, E.; Cordonnier, A. Meynet; Moser, R.; Mulders, M.; Mulon, J.; Noy, M.; Oh, A.; Olesen, G.; Onnela, A.; Orimoto, T.; Orsini, L.; Perez, E.; Perinic, G.; Pernot, J. F.; Petagna, P.; Petiot, P.; Petrilli, A.; Pfeiffer, A.; Pierini, M.; Pimi, M.; Pintus, R.; Pirollet, B.; Postema, H.; Racz, A.; Ravat, S.; Rew, S. B.; Antunes, J. Rodrigues; Rolandi, G.; Rovere, M.; Ryjov, V.; Sakulin, H.; Samyn, D.; Sauce, H.; Schaefer, C.; Schlatter, W. D.; Schroeder, M.; Schwick, C.; Sciaba, A.; Segoni, I.; Sharma, A.; Siegrist, N.; Siegrist, P.; Sinanis, N.; Sobrier, T.; Sphicas, P.; Spiga, D.; Spiropulu, M.; Stoeckli, F.; Traczyk, P.; Tropea, P.; Troska, J.; Tsirou, A.; Veillet, L.; Veres, G. 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[Amsler, C.; Chiochia, V.; De Visscher, S.; Regenfus, C.; Robmann, P.; Rommerskirchen, T.; Schmidt, A.; Tsirigkas, D.; Wilke, L.; Chang, Y. H.; Chen, E. A.; Chen, W. T.; Go, A.; Kuo, C. M.; Li, S. W.; Lin, W.] Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. [Chang, Y. H.; Chen, E. A.; Chen, W. T.; Go, A.; Kuo, C. M.; Li, S. W.; Lin, W.] Natl Cent Univ, Chungli, Taiwan. [Bartalini, P.; Chang, P.; Chao, Y.; Chen, K. F.; Hou, W. -S.; Hsiung, Y.; Lei, Y. J.; Lin, S. W.; Lu, R. -S.; Schumann, J.; Shiu, J. G.; Tzeng, Y. M.; Ueno, K.; Velikzhanin, Y.; Wang, C. C.; Wang, M.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Adiguzel, A.; Ayhan, A.; Gokce, A. Azman; Bakirci, M. N.; Cerci, S.; Dumanoglu, I.; Eskut, E.; Girgis, S.; Gurpinar, E.; Hos, I.; Karaman, T.; Topaksu, A. Kayis; Kurt, P.; Onengut, G.; Gokbulut, G. Onengut; Ozdemir, K.; Ozturk, S.; Polato, A.; Sogut, K.; Tali, B.; Topakli, H.; Uzun, D.; Vergili, L. N.; Vergili, M.] Cukurova Univ, Adana, Turkey. [Akin, I. V.; Aliev, T.; Bilmis, S.; Deniz, M.; Gamsizkan, H.; Guler, A. M.; Ocalan, K.; Serin, M.; Sever, R.; Surat, U. E.; Zeyrek, M.] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. [Deliomeroglu, M.; Demir, D.; Gulmez, E.; Halu, A.; Isildak, B.; Kaya, M.; Kaya, O.; Ozkorucuklu, S.; Sonmez, N.] Bogazici Univ, Dept Phys, Istanbul, Turkey. [Levchuk, L.; Lukyanenko, S.; Soroka, D.; Zub, S.] Kharkov Inst Phys & Technol, Natl Sci Ctr, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Bostock, F.; Brooke, J. J.; Cheng, T. L.; Cussans, D.; Frazier, R.; Goldstein, J.; Grant, N.; Hansen, M.; Heath, G. P.; Heath, H. F.; Hill, C.; Huckvale, B.; Jackson, J.; Mackay, C. K.; Metson, S.; Newbold, D. M.; Nirunpong, K.; Smith, V. J.; Velthuis, J.; Walton, R.] Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. [Bell, K. W.; Brew, C.; Brown, R. M.; Camanzi, B.; Cockerill, D. J. A.; Coughlan, J. A.; Geddes, N. I.; Harder, K.; Harper, S.; Kennedy, B. W.; Murray, P.; Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. H.; Tomalin, I. R.; Williams, J. H.; Womersley, W. J.; Worm, S. D.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Bainbridge, R.; Ball, G.; Ballin, J.; Beuselinck, R.; Buchmuller, O.; Colling, D.; Cripps, N.; Davies, G.; Della Negra, M.; Foudas, C.; Fulcher, J.; Futyan, D.; Hall, G.; Hays, J.; Iles, G.; Karapostoli, G.; MacEvoy, B. C.; Magnan, A. -M.; Marrouche, J.; Nash, J.; Nikitenko, A.; Papageorgiou, A.; Pesaresi, M.; Petridis, K.; Pioppi, M.; Raymond, D. M.; Rompotis, N.; Rose, A.; Ryan, M. J.; Seez, C.; Sharp, P.; Sidiropoulos, G.; Stettler, M.; Stoye, M.; Takahashi, M.; Tapper, A.; Timlin, C.; Tourneur, S.; Acosta, M. Vazquez; Virdee, T.; Wakefield, S.; Wardrope, D.; Whyntie, T.; Wingham, M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Cole, J. E.; Goitom, I.; Hobson, P. R.; Khan, A.; Kyberd, P.; Leslie, D.; Munro, C.; Reid, I. D.; Siamitros, C.; Taylor, R.; Teodorescu, L.; Yaselli, I.] Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. [Bose, T.; Carleton, M.; Hazen, E.; Heering, A. H.; Heister, A.; St John, J.; Lawson, P.; Lazic, D.; Osborne, D.; Rohlf, J.; Sulak, L.; Wu, S.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Andrea, J.; Avetisyan, A.; Bhattacharya, S.; Chou, J. P.; Cutts, D.; Esen, S.; Kukartsev, G.; Landsberg, G.; Narain, M.; Nguyen, D.; Speer, T.; Tsang, K. V.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Breedon, R.; Sanchez, M. Calderon De La Barca; Case, M.; Cebra, D.; Chertok, M.; Conway, J.; Cox, P. T.; Dolen, J.; Erbacher, R.; Friis, E.; Ko, W.; Kopecky, A.; Lander, R.; Lister, A.; Liu, H.; Maruyama, S.; Miceli, T.; Nikolic, M.; Pellett, D.; Robles, J.; Searle, M.; Smith, J.; Squires, M.; Stilley, J.; Tripathi, M.; Sierra, R. Vasquez; Veelken, C.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Andreev, V.; Arisaka, K.; Cline, D.; Cousins, R.; Erhan, S.; Hauser, J.; Ignatenko, M.; Jarvis, C.; Mumford, J.; Plager, C.; Rakness, G.; Schlein, P.; Tucker, J.; Valuev, V.; Wallny, R.; Yang, X.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Babb, J.; Bose, M.; Chandra, A.; Clare, R.; Ellison, J. A.; Gary, J. W.; Hanson, G.; Jeng, G. Y.; Kao, S. C.; Liu, F.; Liu, H.; Luthra, A.; Nguyen, H.; Pasztor, G.; Satpathy, A.; Shen, B. C.; Stringer, R.; Sturdy, J.; Sytnik, V.; Wilken, R.; Wimpenny, S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Branson, J. G.; Dusinberre, E.; Evans, D.; Golf, F.; Kelley, R.; Lebourgeois, M.; Letts, J.; Lipeles, E.; Mangano, B.; Muelmenstaedt, J.; Norman, M.; Padhi, S.; Petrucci, A.; Pi, H.; Pieri, M.; Ranieri, R.; Sani, M.; Sharma, V.; Simon, S.; Wurthwein, F.; Yagil, A.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Campagnari, C.; D'Alfonso, M.; Danielson, T.; Garberson, J.; Incandela, J.; Justus, C.; Kalavase, P.; Koay, S. A.; Kovalskyi, D.; Krutelyov, V.; Lamb, J.; Lowette, S.; Pavlunin, V.; Rebassoo, F.; Ribnik, J.; Richman, J.; Rossin, R.; Stuart, D.; To, W.; Vlimant, J. R.; Witherell, M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Apresyan, A.; Bornheim, A.; Bunn, J.; Chiorboli, M.; Gataullin, M.; Kcira, D.; Litvine, V.; Ma, Y.; Newman, H. B.; Rogan, C.; Timciuc, V.; Veverka, J.; Wilkinson, R.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, L.; Zhu, K.; Zhu, R. Y.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Akgun, B.; Carroll, R.; Ferguson, T.; Jang, D. W.; Jun, S. Y.; Paulini, M.; Russ, J.; Terentyev, N.; Vogel, H.; Vorobiev, I.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Cumalat, J. P.; Dinardo, M. E.; Drell, B. R.; Ford, W. T.; Heyburn, B.; Lopez, E. Luiggi; Nauenberg, U.; Stenson, K.; Ulmer, K.; Wagner, S. R.; Zang, S. L.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Agostino, L.; Alexander, J.; Blekman, F.; Cassel, D.; Chatterjee, A.; Das, S.; Gibbons, L. K.; Heltsley, B.; Hopkins, W.; Khukhunaishvili, A.; Kreis, B.; Kuznetsov, V.; Patterson, J. R.; Puigh, D.; Ryd, A.; Shi, X.; Stroiney, S.; Sun, W.; Teo, W. D.; Thom, J.; Vaughan, J.; Weng, Y.; Wittich, P.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Beetz, C. P.; Cirino, G.; Sanzeni, C.; Winn, D.] Fairfield Univ, Fairfield, CT 06430 USA. [Abdullin, S.; Afaq, M. A.; Albrow, M.; Ananthan, B.; Apollinari, G.; Atac, M.; Badgett, W.; Bagby, L.; Bakken, J. A.; Baldin, B.; Banerjee, S.; Banicz, K.; Bauerdick, L. A. T.; Beretvas, A.; Berryhill, J.; Bhat, P. C.; Biery, K.; Binkley, M.; Bloch, I.; Borcherding, F.; Brett, A. M.; Burkett, K.; Butler, J. N.; Chetluru, V.; Cheung, H. W. K.; Chlebana, F.; Churin, I.; Cihangir, S.; Crawford, M.; Dagenhart, W.; Demarteau, M.; Derylo, G.; Dykstra, D.; Eartly, D. P.; Elias, J. E.; Elvira, V. D.; Evans, D.; Feng, L.; Fischler, M.; Fisk, I.; Foulkes, S.; Freeman, J.; Gartung, P.; Gottschalk, E.; Grassi, T.; Green, D.; Guo, Y.; Gutsche, O.; Hahn, A.; Hanlon, J.; Harris, R. M.; Holzman, B.; Howell, J.; Hufnagel, D.; James, E.; Jensen, H.; Johnson, M.; Jones, C. D.; Joshi, U.; Juska, E.; Kaiser, J.; Klima, B.; Kossiakov, S.; Kousouris, K.; Kwan, S.; Lei, C. M.; Limon, P.; Perez, J. A. Lopez; Los, S.; Lueking, L.; Lukhanin, G.; Lusin, S.; Lykken, J.; Maeshima, K.; Marraffino, J. M.; Mason, D.; McBride, P.; Miao, T.; Mishra, K.; Moccia, S.; Mommsen, R.; Mrenna, S.; Muhammad, A. S.; Newman-Holmes, C.; Noeding, C.; O'Dell, V.; Prokofyev, O.; Rivera, R.; Rivetta, C. H.; Ronzhin, A.; Rossman, P.; Ryu, S.; Sekhri, V.; Sexton-Kennedy, E.; Sfiligoi, I.; Sharma, S.; Shaw, T. M.; Shpakov, D.; Skup, E.; Smith, R. P.; Soha, A.; Spalding, W. J.; Spiegel, L.; Suzuki, I.; Tan, P.; Tanenbaum, W.; Tkaczyk, S.; Trentadue, R.; Uplegger, L.; Vaandering, E. W.; Vidal, R.; Whitmore, J.; Wicklund, E.; Wu, W.; Yarba, J.; Yumiceva, F.; Yun, J. C.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Acosta, D.; Avery, P.; Barashko, V.; Bourilkov, D.; Chen, M.; Di Giovanni, G. P.; Dobur, D.; Drozdetskiy, A.; Field, R. D.; Fu, Y.; Furic, I. K.; Gartner, J.; Holmes, D.; Kim, B.; Klimenko, S.; Konigsberg, J.; Korytov, A.; Kotov, K.; Kropivnitskaya, A.; Kypreos, T.; Madorsky, A.; Matchev, K.; Mitselmakher, G.; Pakhotin, Y.; Gomez, J. Piedra; Prescott, C.; Rapsevicius, V.; Remington, R.; Schmitt, M.; Scurlock, B.; Wang, D.; Yelton, J.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Ceron, C.; Gaultney, V.; Kramer, L.; Lebolo, L. M.; Linn, S.; Markowitz, P.; Martinez, G.; Rodriguez, J. L.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Adams, T.; Askew, A.; Baer, H.; Bertoldi, M.; Chen, J.; Dharmaratna, W. G. D.; Gleyzer, S. V.; Haas, J.; Hagopian, S.; Hagopian, V.; Jenkins, M.; Johnson, K. F.; Prettner, E.; Prosper, H.; Sekmen, S.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Baarmand, M. M.; Guragain, S.; Hohlmann, M.; Kalakhety, H.; Mermerkaya, H.; Ralich, R.; Vodopiyanov, I.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Abelev, B.; Adams, M. R.; Anghel, I. M.; Apanasevich, L.; Bazterra, V. E.; Betts, R. R.; Callner, J.; Castro, M. A.; Cavanaugh, R.; Dragoiu, C.; Garcia-Solis, E. J.; Gerber, C. E.; Hofman, D. J.; Khalatian, S.; Mironov, C.; Shabalina, E.; Smoron, A.; Varelas, N.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. [Akgun, U.; Albayrak, E. A.; Ayan, A. S.; Bilki, B.; Briggs, R.; Cankocak, K.; Chung, K.; Clarida, W.; Debbins, P.; Duru, F.; Ingram, F. D.; Lae, C. K.; McCliment, E.; Merlo, J. -P.; Mestvirishvili, A.; Miller, M. J.; Moeller, A.; Nachtman, J.; Newsom, C. R.; Norbeck, E.; Olson, J.; Onel, Y.; Ozok, F.; Parsons, J.; Schmidt, I.; Sen, S.; Wetzel, J.; Yetkin, T.; Yi, K.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Barnett, B. A.; Blumenfeld, B.; Bonato, A.; Chien, C. Y.; Fehling, D.; Giurgiu, G.; Gritsan, A. V.; Guo, Z. J.; Maksimovic, P.; Rappoccio, S.; Swartz, M.; Tran, N. V.; Zhang, Y.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Baringer, P.; Bean, A.; Grachov, O.; Murray, M.; Radicci, V.; Sanders, S.; Wood, J. S.; Zhukova, V.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. 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I.; Cushman, P.; Dahmes, B.; De Benedetti, A.; Dolgopolov, A.; Dudero, P. R.; Egeland, R.; Franzoni, G.; Haupt, J.; Inyakin, A.; Klapoetke, K.; Kubota, Y.; Mans, J.; Mirman, N.; Petyt, D.; Rekovic, V.; Rusack, R.; Schroeder, M.; Singovsky, A.; Zhang, J.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Cremaldi, L. M.; Godang, R.; Kroeger, R.; Perera, L.; Rahmat, R.; Sanders, D. A.; Sonnek, P.; Summers, D.] Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. [Bloom, K.; Bockelman, B.; Bose, S.; Butt, J.; Claes, D. R.; Dominguez, A.; Eads, M.; Keller, J.; Kelly, T.; Kravchenko, I.; Lazo-Flores, J.; Lundstedt, C.; Malbouisson, H.; Malik, S.; Snow, G. R.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. [Baur, U.; Iashvili, I.; Kharchilava, A.; Kumar, A.; Smith, K.; Strang, M.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Alverson, G.; Barberis, E.; Boeriu, O.; Eulisse, G.; Govi, G.; McCauley, T.; Musienko, Y.; Muzaffar, S.; Osborne, I.; Paul, T.; Reucroft, S.; Swain, J.; Taylor, L.; Tuura, L.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Anastassov, A.; Gobbi, B.; Kubik, A.; Ofierzynski, R. A.; Pozdnyakov, A.; Schmitt, M.; Stoynev, S.; Velasco, M.; Won, S.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. [Antonelli, L.; Berry, D.; Hildreth, M.; Jessop, C.; Karmgard, D. J.; Kolberg, T.; Lannon, K.; Lynch, S.; Marinelli, N.; Morse, D. M.; Ruchti, R.; Slaunwhite, J.; Warchol, J.; Wayne, M.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Bylsma, B.; Durkin, L. S.; Gilmore, J.; Gu, J.; Killewald, P.; Ling, T. Y.; Williams, G.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Adam, N.; Berry, E.; Elmer, P.; Garmash, A.; Gerbaudo, D.; Halyo, V.; Hunt, A.; Jones, J.; Laird, E.; Marlow, D.; Medvedeva, T.; Mooney, M.; Olsen, J.; Pirou, P.; Stickland, D.; Tully, C.; Werner, J. 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[Engh, D.; Florez, C.; Johns, W.; Pathak, S.; Sheldon, P.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. [Andelin, D.; Arenton, M. W.; Balazs, M.; Boutle, S.; Buehler, M.; Conetti, S.; Cox, B.; Hirosky, R.; Ledovskoy, A.; Neu, C.; Phillips, D., II; Ronquest, M.; Yohay, R.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Gollapinni, S.; Gunthoti, K.; Harr, R.; Karchin, P. E.; Mattson, M.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. [Sakharov, A.; Anderson, M.; Bachtis, M.; Bellinger, J. N.; Carlsmith, D.; Crotty, I.; Dasu, S.; Dutta, S.; Efron, J.; Feyzi, F.; Flood, K.; Gray, L.; Grogg, K. S.; Grothe, M.; Hall-Wilton, R.; Jaworski, M.; Klabbers, P.; Klukas, J.; Lanaro, A.; Lazaridis, C.; Leonard, J.; Loveless, R.; de Abril, M. Magrans; Mohapatra, A.; Ott, G.; Polese, G.; Reeder, D.; Savin, A.; Smith, W. H.; Sourkov, A.; Swanson, J.; Weinberg, M.; Wenman, D.; Wensveen, M.; White, A.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cankocak, K.] Istanbul Tech Univ, Istanbul, Turkey. RP Chatrchyan, S (reprint author), Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. 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Varela, Joao/0000-0003-2613-3146; Jun, Soon Yung/0000-0003-3370-6109; Toback, David/0000-0003-3457-4144; Ghezzi, Alessio/0000-0002-8184-7953; bianco, stefano/0000-0002-8300-4124; Demaria, Natale/0000-0003-0743-9465; Benaglia, Andrea Davide/0000-0003-1124-8450; Covarelli, Roberto/0000-0003-1216-5235; Staiano, Amedeo/0000-0003-1803-624X; Ciulli, Vitaliano/0000-0003-1947-3396; Tonelli, Guido Emilio/0000-0003-2606-9156; Beuselinck, Raymond/0000-0003-2613-7446; Stober, Fred/0000-0003-2620-3159; Martelli, Arabella/0000-0003-3530-2255; Hamel de Monchenault, Gautier/0000-0002-3872-3592; Landsberg, Greg/0000-0002-4184-9380; Rizzi, Andrea/0000-0002-4543-2718; Gershtein, Yuri/0000-0002-4871-5449; Tricomi, Alessia Rita/0000-0002-5071-5501; CALZOLARI, FEDERICO/0000-0002-5510-3061; Malik, Sudhir/0000-0002-6356-2655; Dharmaraatna, Welathantri/0000-0002-6366-837X; Giacomelli, Paolo/0000-0002-6368-7220; Fassi, Farida/0000-0002-6423-7213; Leonidopoulos, Christos/0000-0002-7241-2114; Blekman, Freya/0000-0002-7366-7098; 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MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); Academy of Sciences (Estonia); NICPB (Estonia); Academy of Finland (Finland); ME (Finland); HIP (Finland); CEA (France); CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF (Germany); DFG (Germany); HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA (Hungary); NKTH (Hungary); DAE (India); DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV (Mexico); CONACYT (Mexico); SEP (Mexico); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia); JINR (Belarus); JINR (Georgia); JINR (Ukraine); JINR (Uzbekistan); MST (Russia); MAE (Russia); MSTDS (Serbia); MICINN (Spain); CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK (Turkey); TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE (USA); NSF (USA); European Union; Leventis Foundation; A. P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX We thank the technical and administrative staff at CERN and other CMS Institutes, and acknowledge support from: FMSR (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); Academy of Sciences and NICPB (Estonia); Academy of Finland, ME, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MST and MAE (Russia); MSTDS (Serbia); MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie IEF program (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. NR 19 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 53 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 5 AR T03016 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/5/03/T03016 PG 39 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 716MM UT WOS:000286973300003 ER PT J AU Chatrchyan, S Khachatryan, V Sirunyan, AM Adam, W Arnold, B Bergauer, H Bergauer, T Dragicevic, M Eichberger, M Ero, J Friedl, M Fruhwirth, R Ghete, VM Hammer, J Hansel, S Hoch, M Hormann, N Hrubec, J Jeitler, M Kasieczka, G Kastner, K Krammer, M Liko, D de Abril, IM Mikulec, I Mittermayr, F Neuherz, B Oberegger, M Padrta, M Pernicka, M Rohringer, H Schmid, S Schofbeck, R Schreiner, T Stark, R Steininger, H Strauss, J Taurok, A Teischinger, F Themel, T Uhl, D Wagner, P Waltenberger, W Walzel, G Widl, E Wulz, CE Chekhovsky, V Dvornikov, O Emeliantchik, I Litomin, A Makarenko, V Marfin, I Mossolov, V Shumeiko, N Solin, A Stefanovitch, R Gonzalez, JS Tikhonov, A Fedorov, A Karneyeu, A Korzhik, M Panov, V Zuyeuski, R Kuchinsky, P Beaumont, W Benucci, L Cardaci, M De Wolf, EA Delmeire, E Druzhkin, D Hashemi, M Janssen, X Maes, T Mucibello, L Ochesanu, S Rougny, R Selvaggi, M Van Haevermaet, H Van Mechelen, P Van Remortel, N Adler, V Beauceron, S Blyweert, S D'Hondt, J DeWeirdt, S Devroede, O Heyninck, J Kalogeropoulos, A Maes, J Maes, M Mozer, MU Tavernier, S Van Doninck, W Van Mulders, P Villella, I Bouhali, O Chabert, EC Charaf, O Clerbaux, B De Lentdecker, G Dero, V Elgammal, S Gay, APR Hammad, GH Marage, PE Rugovac, S Vander Velde, C Vanlaer, P Wickens, J Grunewald, M Klein, B Marinov, A Ryckbosch, D Thyssen, F Tytgat, M Vanelderen, L Verwilligen, P Basegmez, S Bruno, G Caudron, J Delaere, C Demin, P Favart, D Giammanco, A Gregoire, G Lemaitre, V Militaru, O Ovyn, S Piotrzkowski, K Quertenmont, L Schul, N Beliy, N Daubie, E Alves, GA Pol, ME Souza, MHG Carvalho, W Damiao, DD Martins, CD De Souza, SF Mundim, L Oguri, V Santoro, A Do Amaral, SMS Sznajder, A Tomei, TRFP Dias, MAF Gregores, EM Novaes, SF Abadjiev, K Anguelov, T Damgov, J Darmenov, N Dimitrov, L Genchev, V Iaydjiev, P Piperov, S Stoykova, S Sultanov, G Trayanov, R Vankov, I Dimitrov, A Dyulendarova, M Kozhuharov, V Litov, L Marinova, E Mateev, M Pavlov, B Petkov, P Toteva, Z Chen, GM Chen, HS Guan, W Jiang, CH Liang, D Liu, B Meng, X Tao, J Wang, J Wang, Z Xue, Z Zhang, Z Ban, Y Cai, J Ge, Y Guo, S Hu, Z Mao, Y Qian, SJ Teng, H Zhu, B Avila, C Ruiz, MB Montoya, CAC Gomez, A Moreno, BG Rios, AAO Oliveros, AFO Romero, DR Sanabria, JC Godinovic, N Lelas, K Plestina, R Polic, D Puljak, I Antunovic, Z Dzelalija, M Brigljevic, V Duric, S Kadija, K Morovic, S Fereos, R Galanti, M Mousa, J Papadakis, A Ptochos, F Razis, PA Tsiakkouri, D Zinonos, Z Hektor, A Kadastik, M Kannike, K Muntel, M Raidal, M Rebane, L Anttila, E Czellar, S Harkonen, J Heikkinen, A Karimaki, V Kinnunen, R Klem, J Kortelainen, MJ Lampen, T Lassila-Perini, K Lehti, S Linden, T Luukka, P Maenpaa, T Nysten, J Tuominen, E Tuominiemi, J Ungaro, D Wendland, L Banzuzi, K Korpela, A Tuuva, T Nedelec, P Sillou, D Besancon, M Chipaux, R Dejardin, M Denegri, D Descamps, J Fabbro, B Faure, JL Ferri, F Ganjour, S Gentit, FX Givernaud, A Gras, P de Monchenault, GH Jarry, P Lemaire, MC Locci, E Malcles, J Marionneau, M Millischer, L Rander, J Rosowsky, A Rousseau, D Titov, M Verrecchia, P Baffioni, S Bianchini, L Bluj, M Busson, P Charlot, C Dobrzynski, L de Cassagnac, RG Haguenauer, M Mine, P Paganini, P Sirois, Y Thiebaux, C Zabi, A Agram, JL Besson, A Bloch, D Bodin, D Brom, JM Conte, E Drouhin, F Fontaine, JC Gele, D Goerlach, U Gross, L Juillot, P Le Bihan, AC Patois, Y Speck, J Van Hove, P Baty, C Bedjidian, M Blaha, J Boudoul, G Brun, H Chanon, N Chierici, R Contardo, D Depasse, P Dupasquier, T El Mamouni, H Fassi, F Fay, J Gascon, S Ille, B Kurca, T Le Grand, T Lethuillier, M Lumb, N Mirabito, L Perries, S Vander Donckt, M Verdier, P Djaoshvili, N Roinishvili, N Roinishvili, V Amaglobeli, N Adolphi, R Anagnostou, G Brauer, R Braunschweig, W Edelhoff, M Esser, H Feld, L Karpinski, W Khomich, A Klein, K Mohr, N 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Petrakou, E Zachariadou, A Gouskos, L Katsas, P Panagiotou, A Evangelou, I Kokkas, P Manthos, N Papadopoulos, I Patras, V Triantis, FA Bencze, G Boldizsar, L Debreczeni, G Hajdu, C Hernath, S Hidas, P Horvath, D Krajczar, K Laszlo, A Patay, G Sikler, F Toth, N Vesztergombi, G Beni, N Christian, G Imrek, J Molnar, J Novak, D Palinkas, J Szekely, G Szillasi, Z Tokesi, K Veszpremi, V Kapusi, A Marian, G Raics, P Szabo, Z Trocsanyi, ZL Ujvari, B Zilizi, G Bansal, S Bawa, HS Beri, SB Bhatnagar, V Jindal, M Kaur, M Kaur, R Kohli, JM Mehta, MZ Nishu, N Saini, LK Sharma, A Singh, A Singh, JB Singh, SP Ahuja, S Arora, S Bhattacharya, S Chauhan, S Choudhary, BC Gupta, P Jain, S Jain, S Jha, M Kumar, A Ranjan, K Shivpuri, RK Srivastava, AK Choudhury, RK Dutta, D Kailas, S Kataria, SK Mohanty, AK Pant, LM Shukla, P Topkar, A Aziz, T Guchait, M Gurtu, A Maity, M Majumder, D Majumder, G Mazumdar, K Nayak, A Saha, A Sudhakar, K Banerjee, S Dugad, S Mondal, NK Arfaei, H Bakhshiansohi, H Fahim, A 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Carlsmith, D. Crotty, I. Dasu, S. Dutta, S. Efron, J. Feyzi, F. Flood, K. Gray, L. Grogg, K. S. Grothe, M. Hall-Wilton, R. Jaworski, M. Klabbers, P. Klukas, J. Lanaro, A. Lazaridis, C. Leonard, J. Loveless, R. de Abril, M. Magrans Mohapatra, A. Ott, G. Polese, G. Reeder, D. Savin, A. Smith, W. H. Sourkov, A. Swanson, J. Weinberg, M. Wenman, D. Wensveen, M. White, A. CA CMS Collaboration TI Commissioning and Performance of the CMS Pixel Tracker with Cosmic Ray Muons SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article ID BARREL DETECTOR; SILICON SENSORS; DESIGN AB The pixel detector of the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment consists of three barrel layers and two disks for each endcap. The detector was installed in summer 2008, commissioned with charge injections, and operated in the 3.8 T magnetic field during cosmic ray data taking. 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Aldaya; Behrens, U.; Borras, K.; Campbell, A.; Castro, E.; Dammann, D.; Eckerlin, G.; Flossdorf, A.; Flucke, G.; Geiser, A.; Hatton, D.; Hauk, J.; Jung, H.; Kasemann, M.; Katkov, I.; Kleinwort, C.; Kluge, H.; Knutsson, A.; Kuznetsova, E.; Lange, W.; Lohmann, W.; Mankel, R.; Marienfeld, M.; Meyer, A. B.; Miglioranzi, S.; Mnich, J.; Ohlerich, M.; Olzem, J.; Parenti, A.; Rosemann, C.; Schmidt, R.; Schoerner-Sadenius, T.; Volyanskyy, D.; Wissing, C.; Zeuner, W. D.] DESY, Hamburg, Germany. [Autermann, C.; Bechtel, F.; Draeger, J.; Eckstein, D.; Gebbert, U.; Kaschube, K.; Kaussen, G.; Klanner, R.; Mura, B.; Naumann-Emme, S.; Nowak, F.; Pein, U.; Sander, C.; Schleper, P.; Schum, T.; Stadie, H.; Steinbrueck, G.; Thomsen, J.; Wolf, R.] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. [Bauer, J.; Bluem, P.; Buege, V.; Cakir, A.; Chwalek, T.; De Boer, W.; Dierlamm, A.; Dirkes, G.; Feindt, M.; Felzmann, U.; Frey, M.; Furgeri, A.; Gruschke, J.; Hackstein, C.; Hartmann, F.; Heier, S.; Heinrich, M.; Held, H.; Hirschbuehl, D.; Hoffmann, K. H.; Honc, S.; Jung, C.; Kuhr, T.; Liamsuwan, T.; Martschei, D.; Mueller, S.; Uller, Th. M.; Neuland, M. B.; Niegel, M.; Oberst, O.; Oehler, A.; Ott, J.; Peiffer, T.; Piparo, D.; Quast, G.; Rabbertz, K.; Ratnikov, F.; Ratnikova, N.; Renz, M.; Saout, C.; Sartisohn, G.; Scheurer, A.; Schieferdecker, P.; Schilling, F. -P.; Schott, G.; Simonis, H. J.; Stober, F. M.; Sturm, P.; Troendle, D.; Trunov, A.; Wagner, W.; Wagner-Kuhr, J.; Zeise, M.; Zhukov, V.; Ziebarth, E. B.] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-7500 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Daskalakis, G.; Geralis, T.; Karafasoulis, K.; Kyriakis, A.; Loukas, D.; Markou, A.; Markou, C.; Mavrommatis, C.; Petrakou, E.; Zachariadou, A.] Inst Nucl Phys Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece. [Gouskos, L.; Katsas, P.; Panagiotou, A.; Sphicas, P.] Univ Athens, Athens, Greece. [Evangelou, I.; Kokkas, P.; Manthos, N.; Papadopoulos, I.; Patras, V.; Triantis, F. A.] Univ Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Bencze, G.; Boldizsar, L.; Debreczeni, G.; Hajdu, C.; Hernath, S.; Hidas, P.; Horvath, D.; Krajczar, K.; Laszlo, A.; Patay, G.; Sikler, F.; Toth, N.; Vesztergombi, G.; Pasztor, G.] KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. [Horvath, D.; Beni, N.; Christian, G.; Imrek, J.; Molnar, J.; Novak, D.; Palinkas, J.; Szekely, G.; Szillasi, Z.; Tokesi, K.; Veszpremi, V.] Inst Nucl Res ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary. [Kapusi, A.; Marian, G.; Raics, P.; Szabo, Z.; Trocsanyi, Z. L.; Ujvari, B.; Zilizi, G.] Univ Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary. [Bansal, S.; Bawa, H. S.; Beri, S. B.; Bhatnagar, V.; Jindal, M.; Kaur, M.; Kaur, R.; Kohli, J. M.; Mehta, M. Z.; Nishu, N.; Saini, L. K.; Sharma, A.; Singh, A.; Singh, J. B.; Singh, S. P.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Ahuja, S.; Arora, S.; Bhattacharya, S.; Chauhan, S.; Choudhary, B. C.; Gupta, P.; Jain, S.; Jha, M.; Kumar, A.; Ranjan, K.; Shivpuri, R. K.; Srivastava, A. K.] Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. [Choudhury, R. K.; Dutta, D.; Kailas, S.; Kataria, S. K.; Mohanty, A. K.; Pant, L. M.; Shukla, P.; Topkar, A.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India. [Aziz, T.; Guchait, M.; Gurtu, A.; Maity, M.; Majumder, D.; Majumder, G.; Mazumdar, K.; Nayak, A.; Saha, A.; Sudhakar, K.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res EHEP, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. [Guchait, M.; Banerjee, S.; Dugad, S.; Mondal, N. K.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res HECR, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. [Arfaei, H.; Bakhshiansohi, H.; Fahim, A.; Jafari, A.; Najafabadi, M. Mohammadi; Moshaii, A.; Mehdiabadi, S. Paktinat; Rouhani, S.; Safarzadeh, B.; Zeinali, M.] Inst Studies Theoret Phys & Math, Tehran, Iran. [Felcini, M.] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Abbrescia, M.; Barbone, L.; Chiumarulo, F.; Clemente, A.; Colaleo, A.; Creanza, D.; Cuscela, G.; De Filippis, N.; De Palma, M.; De Robertis, G.; Donvito, G.; Fedele, F.; Fiore, L.; Franco, M.; Iaselli, G.; Lacalamita, N.; Loddo, F.; Lusito, L.; Maggi, G.; Maggi, M.; Manna, N.; Marangelli, B.; My, S.; Natali, S.; Nuzzo, S.; Papagni, G.; Piccolomo, S.; Pierro, G. A.; Pinto, C.; Pompili, A.; Pugliese, G.; Rajan, R.; Ranieri, A.; Romano, F.; Roselli, G.; Selvaggi, G.; Shinde, Y.; Silvestris, L.; Tupputi, S.; Zito, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Abbrescia, M.; De Palma, M.; Lusito, L.; Manna, N.; Marangelli, B.; Natali, S.; Nuzzo, S.; Roselli, G.; Selvaggi, G.; Tupputi, S.] Univ Bari, Bari, Italy. [Creanza, D.; Lacalamita, N.; Maggi, G.; My, S.; Pompili, A.; Romano, F.] Politecn Bari, Bari, Italy. [Abbiendi, G.; Bacchi, W.; Benvenuti, A. C.; Boldini, M.; Bonacorsi, D.; Braibant-Giacomelli, S.; Cafaro, V. D.; Caiazza, S. S.; Capiluppi, P.; Castro, A.; Cavallo, F. R.; Codispoti, G.; Cuffiani, M.; D'Antone, I.; Dallavalle, G. M.; Fabbri, F.; Fanfani, A.; Fasanella, D.; Giacomelli, P.; Giordano, V.; Giunta, M.; Grandi, C.; Guerzoni, M.; Marcellini, S.; Masetti, G.; Montanari, A.; Navarria, F. L.; Odorici, F.; Pellegrini, G.; Perrotta, A.; Rossi, A. M.; Rovelli, T.; Siroli, G.; Torromeo, G.; Travaglini, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Bacchi, W.; Braibant-Giacomelli, S.; Capiluppi, P.; Castro, A.; Codispoti, G.; Cuffiani, M.; Fanfani, A.; Masetti, G.; Navarria, F. L.; Rossi, A. M.; Rovelli, T.; Siroli, G.; Travaglini, R.] Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. [Albergo, S.; Costa, S.; Potenza, R.; Tricomi, A.; Tuve, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, I-95129 Catania, Italy. [Albergo, S.; Costa, S.; Potenza, R.; Tricomi, A.] Univ Catania, Catania, Italy. [Barbagli, G.; Broccolo, G.; Ciulli, V.; Civinini, C.; D'Alessandro, R.; Focardi, E.; Frosali, S.; Gallo, E.; Genta, C.; Landi, G.; Lenzi, P.; Meschini, M.; Paoletti, S.; Sguazzoni, G.; Tropiano, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Broccolo, G.; Ciulli, V.; D'Alessandro, R.; Focardi, E.; Frosali, S.; Genta, C.; Landi, G.; Lenzi, P.] Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. [Benussi, L.; Bertani, M.; Bianco, S.; Colafranceschi, S.; Colonna, D.; Fabbri, F.; Giardoni, M.; Passamonti, L.; Piccolo, D.; Pierluigi, D.; Ponzio, B.; Russo, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Fabbricatore, P.; Musenich, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Benaglia, A.; Calloni, M.; Cerati, G. B.; D'Angelo, P.; De Guio, F.; Farina, F. M.; Ghezzi, A.; Govoni, P.; Malberti, M.; Malvezzi, S.; Martelli, A.; Menasce, D.; Miccio, V.; Moroni, L.; Negri, P.; Paganoni, M.; Pedrini, D.; Pullia, A.; Ragazzi, S.; Redaelli, N.; Sala, S.; Salerno, R.; de Fatis, T. Tabarelli; Tancini, V.; Taroni, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano Biccoca, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cerati, G. B.; Govoni, P.; Malberti, M.; Miccio, V.; Negri, P.; Paganoni, M.; Pullia, A.; Ragazzi, S.; Sala, S.; Salerno, R.; de Fatis, T. Tabarelli; Tancini, V.; Taroni, S.] Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. [Buontempo, S.; Cavallo, N.; Cimmino, A.; De Gruttola, M.; Fabozzi, F.; Iorio, A. O. M.; Lista, L.; Lomidze, D.; Noli, P.; Paolucci, P.; Sciacca, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80125 Naples, Italy. [Cimmino, A.; De Gruttola, M.; Noli, P.; Sciacca, C.] Univ Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. [Azzi, P.; Bacchetta, N.; Barcellan, L.; Bellan, P.; Bellato, M.; Benettoni, M.; Biasotto, M.; Bisello, D.; Borsato, E.; Branca, A.; Carlin, R.; Castellani, L.; Checchia, P.; Conti, E.; Dal Corso, F.; De Mattia, M.; Dorigo, T.; Dosselli, U.; Fanzago, F.; Gasparini, F.; Gasparini, U.; Giubilato, P.; Gonella, F.; Gresele, A.; Gulmini, M.; Kaminskiy, A.; Lacaprara, S.; Lazzizzera, I.; Margoni, M.; Maron, G.; Mattiazzo, S.; Mazzucato, M.; Meneghelli, M.; Meneguzzo, A. T.; Michelotto, M.; Montecassiano, F.; Nespolo, M.; Passaseo, M.; Pegoraro, M.; Perrozzi, L.; Pozzobon, N.; Ronchese, P.; Simonetto, F.; Toniolo, N.; Torassa, E.; Tosi, M.; Triossi, A.; Vanini, S.; Ventura, S.; Zotto, P.; Zumerle, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, Padua, Italy. [Bellan, P.; Bisello, D.; Borsato, E.; Carlin, R.; De Mattia, M.; Gasparini, F.; Gasparini, U.; Giubilato, P.; Kaminskiy, A.; Margoni, M.; Mattiazzo, S.; Meneguzzo, A. T.; Pozzobon, N.; Ronchese, P.; Simonetto, F.; Tosi, M.; Vanini, S.; Zotto, P.; Zumerle, G.] Univ Padua, Padua, Italy. [Baesso, P.; Berzano, U.; Bricola, S.; Necchi, M. M.; Pagano, D.; Ratti, S. P.; Riccardi, C.; Torre, P.; Vicini, A.; Vitulo, P.; Viviani, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Baesso, P.; Necchi, M. M.; Pagano, D.; Ratti, S. P.; Riccardi, C.; Torre, P.; Vitulo, P.; Viviani, C.] Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Aisa, D.; Aisa, S.; Babucci, E.; Biasini, M.; Bilei, G. M.; Caponeri, B.; Checcucci, B.; Dinu, N.; Fano, L.; Farnesini, L.; Lariccia, P.; Lucaroni, A.; Mantovani, G.; Nappi, A.; Piluso, A.; Postolache, V.; Santocchia, A.; Servoli, L.; Tonoiu, D.; Vedaee, A.; Volpe, R.; Pioppi, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Biasini, M.; Caponeri, B.; Lariccia, P.; Lucaroni, A.; Mantovani, G.; Nappi, A.; Santocchia, A.; Volpe, R.; Pioppi, M.] Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Azzurri, P.; Bagliesi, G.; Bernardini, J.; Berretta, L.; Boccali, T.; Bocci, A.; Borrello, L.; Bosi, F.; Calzolari, F.; Castaldi, R.; Dell'Orso, R.; Fiori, F.; Foa, L.; Gennai, S.; Giassi, A.; Kraan, A.; Ligabue, F.; Lomtadze, T.; Mariani, F.; Martini, L.; Massa, M.; Messineo, A.; Moggi, A.; Palla, F.; Palmonari, F.; Petragnani, G.; Petrucciani, G.; Raffaelli, F.; Sarkar, S.; Segneri, G.; Serban, A. T.; Spagnolo, P.; Tenchini, R.; Tolaini, S.; Tonelli, G.; Venturi, A.; Verdini, P. G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Bernardini, J.; Fiori, F.; Messineo, A.; Tonelli, G.] Univ Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Azzurri, P.; Bocci, A.; Borrello, L.; Foa, L.; Gennai, S.; Ligabue, F.; Petrucciani, G.] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Baccaro, S.; Barone, L.; Bartoloni, A.; Cavallari, F.; Dafinei, I.; Del Re, D.; Di Marco, E.; Diemoz, M.; Franci, D.; Longo, E.; Organtini, G.; Palma, A.; Pandolfi, F.; Paramatti, R.; Pellegrino, F.; Rahatlou, S.; Rovelli, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, Rome, Italy. [Alampi, G.; Amapane, N.; Arcidiacono, R.; Argiro, S.; Arneodo, M.; Biino, C.; Borgia, M. A.; Botta, C.; Cartiglia, N.; Castello, R.; Cerminara, G.; Costa, M.; Dattola, D.; Dellacasa, G.; Demaria, N.; Dughera, G.; Dumitrache, F.; Graziano, A.; Mariotti, C.; Marone, M.; Maselli, S.; Migliore, E.; Mila, G.; Monaco, V.; Musich, M.; Nervo, M.; Obertino, M. M.; Oggero, S.; Panero, R.; Pastrone, N.; Pelliccioni, M.; Romero, A.; Ruspa, M.; Sacchi, R.; Solano, A.; Staiano, A.; Trapani, P. P.; Trocino, D.; Pereira, A. Vilela; Visca, L.; Zampieri, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Amapane, N.; Arcidiacono, R.; Argiro, S.; Borgia, M. A.; Botta, C.; Castello, R.; Cerminara, G.; Costa, M.; Graziano, A.; Marone, M.; Migliore, E.; Mila, G.; Monaco, V.; Musich, M.; Nervo, M.; Oggero, S.; Pelliccioni, M.; Romero, A.; Sacchi, R.; Solano, A.; Trapani, P. P.; Trocino, D.; Pereira, A. Vilela; Visca, L.] Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. [Arneodo, M.; Obertino, M. M.; Ruspa, M.] Univ Piemonte Orientale Novara, Turin, Italy. [Ambroglini, F.; Belforte, S.; Cossutti, F.; Della Ricca, G.; Gobbo, B.; Penzo, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Trieste, Italy. [Ambroglini, F.; Della Ricca, G.] Univ Trieste, Trieste, Italy. [Chang, S.; Chung, J.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, G. N.; Kong, D. J.; Park, H.; Son, D. C.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu, South Korea. [Bahk, S. Y.] Wonkwang Univ, Iksan, South Korea. [Song, S.] Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. [Jung, S. Y.] Konkuk Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Hong, B.; Kim, H.; Kim, J. H.; Lee, K. S.; Moon, D. H.; Park, S. K.; Rhee, H. B.; Sim, K. S.] Korea Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Kim, J.] Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Choi, M.; Hahn, G.; Park, I. C.] Univ Seoul, Seoul, South Korea. [Choi, S.; Choi, Y.; Goh, J.; Jeong, H.; Kim, T. J.; Lee, J.; Lee, S.] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon, South Korea. [Janulis, M.; Martisiute, D.; Petrov, P.; Sabonis, T.] Vilnius Univ, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Castilla Valdez, H.; Sanchez Hernandez, A.] IPN, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City 07738, DF, Mexico. [Carrillo Moreno, S.] Univ Iberoamer, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Morelos Pineda, A.] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. [Allfrey, P.; Gray, R. N. C.; Krofcheck, D.; Segoni, I.] Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Rodrigues, N. Bernardino; Butler, P. H.; Signal, T.; Williams, J. C.] Univ Canterbury, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Ahmad, M.; Ahmed, I.; Ahmed, W.; Asghar, M. I.; Awan, M. I. M.; Hoorani, H. R.; Hussain, I.; Khan, W. A.; Khurshid, T.; Muhammad, S.; Qazi, S.; Shahzad, H.] Quaid I Azam Univ, Natl Ctr Phys, Islamabad, Pakistan. [Cwiok, M.; Dabrowski, R.; Dominik, W.; Doroba, K.; Konecki, M.; Krolikowski, J.; Pozniak, K.; Romaniuk, R.; Zabolotny, W.; Zych, P.] Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. [Bluj, M.; Frueboes, T.; Gokieli, R.; Goscilo, L.; Gorski, M.; Kazana, M.; Nawrocki, K.; Szleper, M.; Wrochna, G.; Zalewski, P.] Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Almeida, N.; Antunes Pedro, L.; Bargassa, P.; David, A.; Faccioli, P.; Ferreira Parracho, P. G.; Freitas Ferreira, M.; Gallinaro, M.; Guerra Jordao, M.; Martins, P.; Mini, G.; Musella, P.; Pela, J.; Raposo, L.; Ribeiro, P. Q.; Sampaio, S.; Seixas, J.; Silva, J.; Silva, P.; Soares, D.; Sousa, M.; Varela, J.; Woehri, H. K.] Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas, Lisbon, Portugal. [Altsybeev, I.; Belotelov, I.; Bunin, P.; Ershov, Y.; Filozova, I.; Finger, M.; Finger, M., Jr.; Golunov, A.; Golutvin, I.; Gorbounov, N.; Kalagin, V.; Kamenev, A.; Karjavin, V.; Konoplyanikov, V.; Korenkov, V.; Kozlov, G.; Kurenkov, A.; Lanev, A.; Makankin, A.; Mitsyn, V. V.; Moisenz, P.; Nikonov, E.; Oleynik, D.; Palichik, V.; Perelygin, V.; Petrosyan, A.; Semenov, R.; Shmatov, S.; Smirnov, V.; Smolin, D.; Tikhonenko, E.; Vasil'ev, S.; Vishnevskiy, A.; Volodko, A.; Zarubin, A.; Zhiltsov, V.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. [Bondar, N.; Chtchipounov, L.; Denisov, A.; Gavrikov, Y.; Gavrilov, G.; Golovtsov, V.; Ivanov, Y.; Kim, V.; Kozlov, V.; Levchenko, P.; Obrant, G.; Orishchin, E.; Petrunin, A.; Shcheglov, Y.; Shchetkovskiy, A.; Sknar, V.; Smirnov, I.; Sulimov, V.; Tarakanov, V.; Uvarov, L.; Vavilov, S.; Velichko, G.; Volkov, S.; Vorobyev, A.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Andreev, Yu.; Anisimov, A.; Antipov, P.; Dermenev, A.; Gninenko, S.; Golubev, N.; Kirsanov, M.; Krasnikov, N.; Matveev, V.; Pashenkov, A.; Postoev, V. E.; Solovey, A.; Toropin, A.; Troitsky, S.; Musienko, Y.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia. [Baud, A.; Epshteyn, V.; Gavrilov, V.; Ilina, N.; Kaftanov, V.; Kolosov, V.; Kossov, M.; Krokhotin, A.; Kuleshov, S.; Oulianov, A.; Safronov, G.; Semenov, S.; Shreyber, I.; Stolin, V.; Vlasov, E.; Zhokin, A.; Starodumov, A.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. [Zhukov, V.; Boos, E.; Dubinin, M.; Dudko, L.; Ershov, A.; Gribushin, A.; Klyukhin, V.; Kodolova, O.; Lokhtin, I.; Petrushanko, S.; Sarycheva, L.; Savrin, V.; Snigirev, A.; Vardanyan, I.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. [Dremin, I.; Kirakosyan, M.; Konovalova, N.; Rusakov, S. V.; Vinogradov, A.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. [Akimenko, S.; Artamonov, A.; Azhgirey, I.; Bitioukov, S.; Grishin, V.; Konstantinov, D.; Krychkine, V.; Levine, A.; Lobov, I.; Lukanin, V.; Mel'nik, Y.; Petrov, V.; Ryutin, R.; Slabospitsky, S.; Sobol, A.; Sytine, A.; Tourtchanovitch, L.; Troshin, S.; Tyurin, N.; Uzunian, A.; Volkov, A.; Sourkov, A.] State Res Ctr Russian Federat, Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Adzic, P.; Djordjevic, M.; Jovanovic, D.; Krpic, D.; Maletic, D.; Puzovic, J.; Smiljkovic, N.; Milenovic, P.] Vinca Inst Nucl Sci, Belgrade, Serbia. [Aguilar-Benitez, M.; Alberdi, J.; Alcaraz Maestre, J.; Arce, P.; Barcala, J. M.; Battilana, C.; Burgos Lazaro, C.; Caballero Bejar, J.; Calvo, E.; Cardenas Montes, M.; Cepeda, M.; Cerrada, M.; Chamizo Llatas, M.; Clemente, F.; Colino, N.; Daniel, M.; De La Cruz, B.; Delgado Peris, A.; Diez Pardos, C.; Fernandez Bedoya, C.; Fernandez Ramos, J. P.; Ferrando, A.; Flix, J.; Fouz, M. C.; Garcia-Abia, P.; Garcia-Bonilla, A. C.; Gonzalez Lopez, O.; Goy Lopez, S.; Hernandez, J. M.; Josa, M. I.; Marin, J.; Merino, G.; Molina, J.; Molinero, A.; Navarrete, J. J.; Oller, J. C.; Puerta Pelayo, J.; Romero, L.; Santaolalla, J.; Villanueva Munoz, C.; Willmott, C.; Yuste, C.] CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain. [Albajar, C.; Blanco Otano, M.; de Troconiz, J. F.; Garcia Raboso, A.; Lopez Berengueres, J. O.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Cuevas, J.; Fernandez Menendez, J.; Gonzalez Caballero, I.; Lloret Iglesias, L.; Naves Sordo, H.; Vizan Garcia, J. M.] Univ Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. [Cabrillo, I. J.; Calderon, A.; Chuang, S. H.; Diaz Merino, I.; Diez Gonzalez, C.; Duarte Campderros, J.; Fernandez, M.; Gomez, G.; Gonzalez Sanchez, J.; Gonzalez Suarez, R.; Jorda, C.; Lobelle Pardo, P.; Lopez Virto, A.; Marco, J.; Marco, R.; Martinez Rivero, C.; Ruiz del Arbol, P. Martinez; Matorras, F.; Rodrigo, T.; Ruiz Jimeno, A.; Scodellaro, L.; Sobron Sanudo, M.; Vila, I.; Vilar Cortabitarte, R.] Univ Cantabria, IFCA, CSIC, E-39005 Santander, Spain. [Van Doninck, W.; Abadjiev, K.; Darmenov, N.; Genchev, V.; Toteva, Z.; Kreuzer, P.; Mankel, R.; Zeuner, W. D.; Hartmann, F.; Saout, C.; Panagiotou, A.; Bencze, G.; Hajdu, C.; Szillasi, Z.; Dallavalle, G. M.; Giunta, M.; Lenzi, P.; Cerati, G. B.; Malberti, M.; Cimmino, A.; De Gruttola, M.; Azzi, P.; Bellan, P.; Spagnolo, P.; Tenchini, R.; Tonelli, G.; Cavallari, F.; Paramatti, R.; Trapani, P. P.; Castilla Valdez, H.; Kossov, M.; Abbaneo, D.; Albert, E.; Alidra, M.; Ashby, S.; Auffray, E.; Baechler, J.; Baillon, P.; Ball, A. H.; Bally, S. L.; Barney, D.; Beaudette, F.; Bellan, R.; Benedetti, D.; Benelli, G.; Bernet, C.; Bloch, P.; Bolognesi, S.; Bona, M.; Bos, J.; Bourgeois, N.; Bourrel, T.; Breuker, H.; Bunkowski, K.; Campi, D.; Camporesi, T.; Cano, E.; Cattai, A.; Chatelain, J. P.; Chauvey, M.; Christiansen, T.; Perez, J. A. Coarasa; Garcia, A. Conde; Covarelli, R.; Cure, B.; De Roeck, A.; Delachenal, V.; Deyrail, D.; Di Vincenzo, S.; Dos Santos, S.; Dupont, T.; Edera, L. M.; Elliott-Peisert, A.; Eppard, M.; Favre, M.; Frank, N.; Funk, W.; Gaddi, A.; Gastal, M.; Gateau, M.; Gerwig, H.; Gigi, D.; Gill, K.; Giordano, D.; Girod, J. P.; Glege, F.; Garrido, R. Gomez-Reino; Goudard, R.; Gowdy, S.; Guida, R.; Guiducci, L.; Gutleber, J.; Hansen, M.; Hartl, C.; Harvey, J.; Hegner, B.; Hoffmann, H. F.; Holzner, A.; Honma, A.; Huhtinen, M.; Innocente, V.; Janot, P.; Le Godec, G.; Lecoq, P.; Leonidopoulos, C.; Loos, R.; Lourenco, C.; Lyonnet, A.; Macpherson, A.; Magini, N.; Maillefaud, J. D.; Maire, G.; Maeki, T.; Malgeri, L.; Mannelli, M.; Masetti, L.; Meijers, F.; Meridiani, P.; Mersi, S.; Meschi, E.; Cordonnier, A. Meynet; Moser, R.; Mulders, M.; Mulon, J.; Noy, M.; Oh, A.; Olesen, G.; Onnela, A.; Orimoto, T.; Orsini, L.; Perez, E.; Perinic, G.; Pernot, J. F.; Petagna, P.; Petiot, P.; Petrilli, A.; Pfeiffer, A.; Pierini, M.; Pimiae, M.; Pintus, R.; Pirollet, B.; Postema, H.; Racz, A.; Ravat, S.; Rew, S. B.; Antunes, J. Rodrigues; Rolandi, G.; Rovere, M.; Ryjov, V.; Sakulin, H.; Samyn, D.; Sauce, H.; Schaefer, C.; Schlatter, W. D.; Schroeder, M.; Schwick, C.; Sciaba, A.; Segoni, I.; Sharma, A.; Siegrist, N.; Siegrist, P.; Sinanis, N.; Sobrier, T.; Sphicas, P.; Spiga, D.; Spiropulu, M.; Stoeckli, F.; Traczyk, P.; Tropea, P.; Troska, J.; Tsirou, A.; Veillet, L.; Veres, G. I.; Voutilainen, M.; Wertelaers, P.; Zanetti, M.; Sidiropoulos, G.; Virdee, T.; Erhan, S.; Lusin, S.; Tkaczyk, S.; Trentadue, R.; Crotty, I.; Hall-Wilton, R.] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Bertl, W.; Deiters, K.; Erdmann, W.; Gabathuler, K.; Horisberger, R.; Ingram, Q.; Kaestli, H. C.; Koenig, S.; Kotlinski, D.; Langenegger, U.; Meier, F.; Renker, D.; Rohe, T.; Sibille, J.; Starodumov, A.; Caminada, L.; Dambach, S.; Eggel, C.; Marchica, C.; Trueb, P.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland. [Betev, B.; Caminada, L.; Chen, Z.; Cittolin, S.; Di Calafiori, D. R. Da Silva; Dambach, S.; Dissertori, G.; Dittmar, M.; Eggel, C.; Eugster, J.; Faber, G.; Freudenreich, K.; Grab, C.; Herve, A.; Hintz, W.; Lecomte, P.; Luckey, P. D.; Lustermann, W.; Marchica, C.; Milenovic, P.; Moortgat, F.; Nardulli, A.; Nessi-Tedaldi, F.; Pape, L.; Pauss, F.; Punz, T.; Rizzi, A.; Ronga, F. J.; Sala, L.; Sanchez, A. K.; Sawley, M. -C.; Sordini, V.; Stieger, B.; Tauscher, L.; Thea, A.; Theofilatos, K.; Treille, D.; Trueb, P.; Weber, M.; Wehrli, L.; Weng, J.; Zelepoukine, S.] ETH, Inst Particle Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. [Amsler, C.; Chiochia, V.; De Visscher, S.; Regenfus, C.; Robmann, P.; Rommerskirchen, T.; Schmidt, A.; Tsirigkas, D.; Wilke, L.] Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. [Chang, Y. H.; Chen, E. A.; Chen, W. T.; Go, A.; Kuo, C. M.; Li, S. W.; Lin, W.] Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Bartalini, P.; Chang, P.; Chao, Y.; Chen, K. F.; Hou, W. -S.; Hsiung, Y.; Lei, Y. J.; Lin, S. W.; Lu, R. -S.; Schuemann, J.; Shiu, J. G.; Tzeng, Y. M.; Ueno, K.; Velikzhanin, Y.; Wang, C. C.; Wang, M.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Adiguzel, A.; Ayhan, A.; Gokce, A. Azman; Bakirci, M. N.; Cerci, S.; Dumanoglu, I.; Eskut, E.; Girgis, S.; Gurpinar, E.; Hos, I.; Karaman, T.; Topaksu, A. Kayis; Kurt, P.; Onengut, G.; Gokbulut, G. Onengut; Ozdemir, K.; Ozturk, S.; Polatoz, A.; Sogut, K.; Tali, B.; Topakli, H.; Uzun, D.; Vergili, L. N.; Vergili, M.] Cukurova Univ, Adana, Turkey. [Akin, I. V.; Aliev, T.; Bilmis, S.; Deniz, M.; Gamsizkan, H.; Guler, A. M.; Ocalan, K.; Serin, M.; Sever, R.; Surat, U. E.; Zeyrek, M.] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. [Deliomeroglu, M.; Demir, D.; Gulmez, E.; Halu, A.; Isildak, B.; Kaya, M.; Kaya, O.; Ozkorucuklu, S.; Sonmez, N.] Bogazici Univ, Dept Phys, Istanbul, Turkey. [Levchuk, L.; Lukyanenko, S.; Soroka, D.; Zub, S.] Kharkov Inst Phys & Technol, Natl Sci Ctr, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Bostock, F.; Brooke, J. J.; Cheng, T. L.; Cussans, D.; Frazier, R.; Goldstein, J.; Grant, N.; Hansen, M.; Heath, G. P.; Heath, H. F.; Hill, C.; Huckvale, B.; Jackson, J.; Mackay, C. K.; Metson, S.; Newbold, D. M.; Nirunpong, K.; Smith, V. J.; Velthuis, J.; Walton, R.] Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. [Newbold, D. M.; Bell, K. W.; Brew, C.; Brown, R. M.; Camanzi, B.; Cockerill, D. J. A.; Coughlan, J. A.; Geddes, N. I.; Harder, K.; Harper, S.; Kennedy, B. W.; Murray, P.; Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. H.; Tomalin, I. R.; Williams, J. H.; Womersley, W. J.; Worm, S. D.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Bainbridge, R.; Ball, G.; Ballin, J.; Beuselinck, R.; Buchmuller, O.; Colling, D.; Cripps, N.; Davies, G.; Della Negra, M.; Foudas, C.; Fulcher, J.; Futyan, D.; Hall, G.; Hays, J.; Iles, G.; Karapostoli, G.; MacEvoy, B. C.; Magnan, A. -M.; Marrouche, J.; Nash, J.; Nikitenko, A.; Papageorgiou, A.; Pesaresi, M.; Petridis, K.; Pioppi, M.; Raymond, D. M.; Rompotis, N.; Rose, A.; Ryan, M. J.; Seez, C.; Sharp, P.; Sidiropoulos, G.; Stettler, M.; Stoye, M.; Takahashi, M.; Tapper, A.; Timlin, C.; Tourneur, S.; Acosta, M. Vazquez; Virdee, T.; Wakefield, S.; Wardrope, D.; Whyntie, T.; Wingham, M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Cole, J. E.; Goitom, I.; Hobson, P. R.; Khan, A.; Kyberd, P.; Leslie, D.; Munro, C.; Reid, I. D.; Siamitros, C.; Taylor, R.; Teodorescu, L.; Yaselli, I.; Avetisyan, A.; Apresyan, A.] Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. [Bose, T.; Carleton, M.; Hazen, E.; Heering, A. H.; Heister, A.; St John, J.; Lawson, P.; Lazic, D.; Osborne, D.; Rohlf, J.; Sulak, L.; Wu, S.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Andrea, J.; Avetisyan, A.; Bhattacharya, S.; Chou, J. P.; Cutts, D.; Esen, S.; Kukartsev, G.; Landsberg, G.; Narain, M.; Nguyen, D.; Speer, T.; Tsang, K. V.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Breedon, R.; Sanchez, M. Calderon De La Barca; Case, M.; Cebra, D.; Chertok, M.; Conway, J.; Cox, P. T.; Dolen, J.; Erbacher, R.; Friis, E.; Ko, W.; Kopecky, A.; Lander, R.; Lister, A.; Liu, H.; Maruyama, S.; Miceli, T.; Nikolic, M.; Pellett, D.; Robles, J.; Searle, M.; Smith, J.; Squires, M.; Stilley, J.; Tripathi, M.; Sierra, R. Vasquez; Veelken, C.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Andreev, V.; Arisaka, K.; Cline, D.; Cousins, R.; Erhan, S.; Hauser, J.; Ignatenko, M.; Jarvis, C.; Mumford, J.; Plager, C.; Rakness, G.; Schlein, P.; Tucker, J.; Valuev, V.; Wallny, R.; Yang, X.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Babb, J.; Bose, M.; Chandra, A.; Clare, R.; Ellison, J. A.; Gary, J. W.; Hanson, G.; Jeng, G. Y.; Kao, S. C.; Liu, F.; Liu, H.; Luthra, A.; Nguyen, H.; Pasztor, G.; Satpathy, A.; Shen, B. C.; Stringer, R.; Sturdy, J.; Sytnik, V.; Wilken, R.; Wimpenny, S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Bhattacharya, S.; Branson, J. G.; Dusinberre, E.; Evans, D.; Golf, F.; Kelley, R.; Lebourgeois, M.; Letts, J.; Lipeles, E.; Mangano, B.; Muelmenstaedt, J.; Norman, M.; Padhi, S.; Petrucci, A.; Pi, H.; Pieri, M.; Ranieri, R.; Sani, M.; Sharma, V.; Simon, S.; Wuerthwein, F.; Yagil, A.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Campagnari, C.; D'Alfonso, M.; Danielson, T.; Garberson, J.; Incandela, J.; Justus, C.; Kalavase, P.; Koay, S. A.; Kovalskyi, D.; Krutelyov, V.; Lamb, J.; Lowette, S.; Pavlunin, V.; Rebassoo, F.; Ribnik, J.; Richman, J.; Rossin, R.; Stuart, D.; To, W.; Vlimant, J. R.; Witherell, M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Dubinin, M.; Spiropulu, M.; Apresyan, A.; Bornheim, A.; Bunn, J.; Chiorboli, M.; Gataullin, M.; Kcira, D.; Litvine, V.; Ma, Y.; Newman, H. B.; Rogan, C.; Timciuc, V.; Veverka, J.; Wilkinson, R.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, L.; Zhu, K.; Zhu, R. Y.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA USA. [Akgun, B.; Carroll, R.; Ferguson, T.; Jang, D. W.; Jun, S. Y.; Paulini, M.; Russ, J.; Terentyev, N.; Vogel, H.; Vorobiev, I.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Cumalat, J. P.; Dinardo, M. E.; Drell, B. R.; Ford, W. T.; Heyburn, B.; Lopez, E. Luiggi; Nauenberg, U.; Stenson, K.; Ulmer, K.; Wagner, S. R.; Zang, S. L.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Agostino, L.; Alexander, J.; Blekman, F.; Cassel, D.; Chatterjee, A.; Das, S.; Gibbons, L. K.; Heltsley, B.; Hopkins, W.; Khukhunaishvili, A.; Kreis, B.; Kuznetsov, V.; Patterson, J. R.; Puigh, D.; Ryd, A.; Shi, X.; Stroiney, S.; Sun, W.; Teo, W. D.; Thom, J.; Vaughan, J.; Weng, Y.; Wittich, P.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Beetz, C. P.; Cirino, G.; Sanzeni, C.; Winn, D.] Fairfield Univ, Fairfield, CT 06430 USA. [Abdullin, S.; Afaq, M. A.; Albrow, M.; Ananthan, B.; Apollinari, G.; Atac, M.; Badgett, W.; Bagby, L.; Bakken, J. A.; Baldin, B.; Banerjee, S.; Banicz, K.; Bauerdick, L. A. T.; Beretvas, A.; Berryhill, J.; Bhat, P. C.; Biery, K.; Binkley, M.; Bloch, I.; Borcherding, F.; Brett, A. M.; Burkett, K.; Butler, J. N.; Chetluru, V.; Cheung, H. W. K.; Chlebana, F.; Churin, I.; Cihangir, S.; Crawford, M.; Dagenhart, W.; Demarteau, M.; Derylo, G.; Dykstra, D.; Eartly, D. P.; Elias, J. E.; Elvira, V. D.; Evans, D.; Feng, L.; Fischler, M.; Fisk, I.; Foulkes, S.; Freeman, J.; Gartung, P.; Gottschalk, E.; Grassi, T.; Green, D.; Guo, Y.; Gutsche, O.; Hahn, A.; Hanlon, J.; Harris, R. M.; Holzman, B.; Howell, J.; Hufnagel, D.; James, E.; Jensen, H.; Johnson, M.; Jones, C. D.; Joshi, U.; Juska, E.; Kaiser, J.; Klima, B.; Kossiakov, S.; Kousouris, K.; Kwan, S.; Lei, C. M.; Limon, P.; Perez, J. A. Lopez; Los, S.; Lueking, L.; Lukhanin, G.; Lusin, S.; Lykken, J.; Maeshima, K.; Marraffino, J. M.; Mason, D.; McBride, P.; Miao, T.; Mishra, K.; Moccia, S.; Mommsen, R.; Mrenna, S.; Muhammad, A. S.; Newman-Holmes, C.; Noeding, C.; O'Dell, V.; Prokofyev, O.; Rivera, R.; Rivetta, C. H.; Ronzhin, A.; Rossman, P.; Ryu, S.; Sekhri, V.; Sexton-Kennedy, E.; Sfiligoi, I.; Sharma, S.; Shaw, T. M.; Shpakov, D.; Skup, E.; Smith, R. P.; Soha, A.; Spalding, W. J.; Spiegel, L.; Suzuki, I.; Tan, P.; Tanenbaum, W.; Tkaczyk, S.; Trentadue, R.; Uplegger, L.; Vaandering, E. W.; Vidal, R.; Whitmore, J.; Wicklund, E.; Wu, W.; Yarba, J.; Yumiceva, F.; Yun, J. C.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Acosta, D.; Avery, P.; Barashko, V.; Bourilkov, D.; Chen, M.; Di Giovanni, G. P.; Dobur, D.; Drozdetskiy, A.; Field, R. D.; Fu, Y.; Furic, I. K.; Gartner, J.; Holmes, D.; Kim, B.; Klimenko, S.; Konigsberg, J.; Korytov, A.; Kotov, K.; Kropivnitskaya, A.; Kypreos, T.; Madorsky, A.; Matchev, K.; Mitselmakher, G.; Pakhotin, Y.; Gomez, J. Piedra; Prescott, C.; Rapsevicius, V.; Remington, R.; Schmitt, M.; Scurlock, B.; Wang, D.; Yelton, J.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Ceron, C.; Gaultney, V.; Kramer, L.; Lebolo, L. M.; Linn, S.; Markowitz, P.; Martinez, G.; Rodriguez, J. L.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Adams, T.; Askew, A.; Baer, H.; Bertoldi, M.; Chen, J.; Dharmaratna, W. G. D.; Gleyzer, S. V.; Haas, J.; Hagopian, S.; Hagopian, V.; Jenkins, M.; Johnson, K. F.; Prettner, E.; Prosper, H.; Sekmen, S.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Baarmand, M. M.; Guragain, S.; Hohlmann, M.; Kalakhety, H.; Mermerkaya, H.; Ralich, R.; Vodopiyanov, I.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Abelev, B.; Adams, M. R.; Anghel, I. M.; Apanasevich, L.; Bazterra, V. E.; Betts, R. R.; Callner, J.; Castro, M. A.; Cavanaugh, R.; Dragoiu, C.; Garcia-Solis, E. J.; Gerber, C. E.; Hofman, D. J.; Khalatian, S.; Mironov, C.; Shabalina, E.; Smoron, A.; Varelas, N.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. [Akgun, U.; Albayrak, E. A.; Ayan, A. S.; Bilki, B.; Briggs, R.; Cankocak, K.; Chung, K.; Clarida, W.; Debbins, P.; Duru, F.; Ingram, F. D.; Lae, C. K.; McCliment, E.; Merlo, J. -P.; Mestvirishvili, A.; Miller, M. J.; Moeller, A.; Nachtman, J.; Newsom, C. R.; Norbeck, E.; Olson, J.; Onel, Y.; Ozok, F.; Parsons, J.; Schmidt, I.; Sen, S.; Wetzel, J.; Yetkin, T.; Yi, K.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Barnett, B. A.; Blumenfeld, B.; Bonato, A.; Chien, C. Y.; Fehling, D.; Giurgiu, G.; Gritsan, A. V.; Guo, Z. J.; Maksimovic, P.; Rappoccio, S.; Swartz, M.; Tran, N. V.; Zhang, Y.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Sibille, J.; Baringer, P.; Bean, A.; Grachov, O.; Murray, M.; Radicci, V.; Sanders, S.; Wood, J. S.; Zhukova, V.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Bandurin, D.; Bolton, T.; Kaadze, K.; Liu, A.; Maravin, Y.; Onoprienko, D.; Svintradze, I.; Wan, Z.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Gronberg, J.; Hollar, J.; Lange, D.; Wright, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Baden, D.; Bard, R.; Boutemeur, M.; Eno, S. C.; Ferencek, D.; Hadley, N. J.; Kellogg, R. G.; Kirn, M.; Kunori, S.; Rossato, K.; Rumerio, P.; Santanastasio, F.; Skuja, A.; Temple, J.; Tonjes, M. B.; Tonwar, S. C.; Toole, T.; Twedt, E.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Alver, B.; Bauer, G.; Bendavid, J.; Busza, W.; Butz, E.; Cali, I. A.; Chan, M.; D'Enterria, D.; Everaerts, P.; Ceballos, G. Gomez; Hahn, K. A.; Harris, P.; Jaditz, S.; Kim, Y.; Klute, M.; Lee, Y. -J.; Li, W.; Loizides, C.; Ma, T.; Miller, M.; Nahn, S.; Paus, C.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Rudolph, M.; Stephans, G.; Sumorok, K.; Sung, K.; Vaurynovich, S.; Wenger, E. A.; Wyslouch, B.; Xie, S.; Yilmaz, Y.; Yoon, A. S.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Bailleux, D.; Cooper, S. I.; Cushman, P.; Dahmes, B.; De Benedetti, A.; Dolgopolov, A.; Dudero, P. R.; Egeland, R.; Franzoni, G.; Haupt, J.; Inyakin, A.; Klapoetke, K.; Kubota, Y.; Mans, J.; Mirman, N.; Petyt, D.; Rekovic, V.; Rusack, R.; Schroeder, M.; Singovsky, A.; Zhang, J.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Cremaldi, L. M.; Godang, R.; Kroeger, R.; Perera, L.; Rahmat, R.; Sanders, D. A.; Sonnek, P.; Summers, D.] Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. [Bloom, K.; Bockelman, B.; Bose, S.; Butt, J.; Claes, D. R.; Dominguez, A.; Eads, M.; Keller, J.; Kelly, T.; Kravchenko, I.; Lazo-Flores, J.; Lundstedt, C.; Malbouisson, H.; Malik, S.; Snow, G. R.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. [Baur, U.; Iashvili, I.; Kharchilava, A.; Kumar, A.; Smith, K.; Strang, M.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Alverson, G.; Barberis, E.; Boeriu, O.; Eulisse, G.; Govi, G.; McCauley, T.; Musienko, Y.; Muzaffar, S.; Osborne, I.; Paul, T.; Reucroft, S.; Swain, J.; Taylor, L.; Tuura, L.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Anastassov, A.; Gobbi, B.; Kubik, A.; Ofierzynski, R. A.; Pozdnyakov, A.; Schmitt, M.; Stoynev, S.; Velasco, M.; Won, S.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. [Antonelli, L.; Berry, D.; Hildreth, M.; Jessop, C.; Karmgard, D. J.; Kolberg, T.; Lannon, K.; Lynch, S.; Marinelli, N.; Morse, D. M.; Ruchti, R.; Slaunwhite, J.; Warchol, J.; Wayne, M.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Bylsma, B.; Durkin, L. S.; Gilmore, J.; Gu, J.; Killewald, P.; Ling, T. Y.; Williams, G.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Adam, N.; Berry, E.; Elmer, P.; Garmash, A.; Gerbaudo, D.; Halyo, V.; Hunt, A.; Jones, J.; Laird, E.; Marlow, D.; Medvedeva, T.; Mooney, M.; Olsen, J.; Piroue, P.; Stickland, D.; Tully, C.; Werner, J. S.; Wildish, T.; Xie, Z.; Zuranski, A.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Acosta, J. G.; Del Alamo, M. Bonnett; Huang, X. T.; Lopez, A.; Mendez, H.; Oliveros, S.; Vargas, J. E. Ramirez; Santacruz, N.; Zatzerklyany, A.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Alagoz, E.; Antillon, E.; Barnes, V. E.; Bolla, G.; Bortoletto, D.; Everett, A.; Garfinkel, A. F.; Gecse, Z.; Gutay, L.; Ippolito, N.; Jones, M.; Koybasi, O.; Laasanen, A. T.; Leonardo, N.; Liu, C.; Maroussov, V.; Merkel, P.; Miller, D. H.; Neumeister, N.; Sedov, A.; Shipsey, I.; Yoo, H. D.; Zheng, Y.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jindal, P.; Parashar, N.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, LA USA. [Cuplov, V.; Ecklund, K. M.; Geurts, F. J. M.; Liu, J. H.; Maronde, D.; Matveev, M.; Padley, B. P.; Redjimi, R.; Roberts, J.; Sabbatini, L.; Tumanov, A.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX USA. [Betchart, B.; Bodek, A.; Budd, H.; Chung, Y. S.; de Barbaro, P.; Demina, R.; Flacher, H.; Gotra, Y.; Harel, A.; Korjenevski, S.; Miner, D. 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Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/H-9127-2015; Barcala, JOSE MIGUEL/I-1105-2015; Bedoya, Cristina/K-8066-2014; Michelotto, Michele/A-9571-2013; Matorras, Francisco/I-4983-2015; My, Salvatore/I-5160-2015; Gumus, Kazim/G-2498-2013; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Rovelli, Tiziano/K-4432-2015; Dremin, Igor/K-8053-2015; Gonzalez Suarez, Rebeca/L-6128-2014; Calvo Alamillo, Enrique/L-1203-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014; Ragazzi, Stefano/D-2463-2009; Benussi, Luigi/O-9684-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; Grandi, Claudio/B-5654-2015; Ahmed, Ijaz/E-9144-2015; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Sen, Sercan/C-6473-2014; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015; Bellan, Riccardo/G-2139-2014; Petrucci, Andrea/J-4207-2014; Gribushin, Andrei/J-4225-2012; Cerrada, Marcos/J-6934-2014; Calderon, Alicia/K-3658-2014; Oller, Juan Carlos/K-6445-2014; Molinero, Antonio/H-7347-2013; de la Cruz, Begona/K-7552-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Josa, Isabel/K-5184-2014; 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Giacomelli, Paolo/B-8076-2009; Jeitler, Manfred/H-3106-2012; Venturi, Andrea/J-1877-2012; de Jesus Damiao, Dilson/G-6218-2012; Montanari, Alessandro/J-2420-2012; Amapane, Nicola/J-3683-2012; tosi, mia/J-5777-2012; Klyukhin, Vyacheslav/D-6850-2012; Petrushanko, Sergey/D-6880-2012; Raidal, Martti/F-4436-2012; Vardanyan, Irina/K-7981-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Kadastik, Mario/B-7559-2008; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Santaolalla, Javier/C-3094-2013; Gavrilov, Gennady/C-6260-2013 OI Luukka, Panja/0000-0003-2340-4641; Goldstein, Joel/0000-0003-1591-6014; taylor, richard/0000-0002-5880-2490; Sogut, Kenan/0000-0002-9682-2855; Giubilato, Piero/0000-0003-4358-5355; Gallinaro, Michele/0000-0003-1261-2277; Tabarelli de Fatis, Tommaso/0000-0001-6262-4685; Zabolotny, Wojciech/0000-0002-6833-4846; Lenzi, Piergiulio/0000-0002-6927-8807; Gutsche, Oliver/0000-0002-8015-9622; Torassa, Ezio/0000-0003-2321-0599; Mackay, Catherine/0000-0003-4252-6740; HSIUNG, YEE/0000-0003-4801-1238; Bonnett Del Alamo, Miguel Reinaldo/0000-0002-1011-8411; Faccioli, Pietro/0000-0003-1849-6692; Korenkov, Vladimir/0000-0002-2342-7862; Heath, Helen/0000-0001-6576-9740; Abbiendi, Giovanni/0000-0003-4499-7562; Levchenko, Petr/0000-0003-4913-0538; Uliyanov, Alexey/0000-0001-6935-8949; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Varela, Joao/0000-0003-2613-3146; Jun, Soon Yung/0000-0003-3370-6109; Toback, David/0000-0003-3457-4144; Ghezzi, Alessio/0000-0002-8184-7953; bianco, stefano/0000-0002-8300-4124; Demaria, Natale/0000-0003-0743-9465; Benaglia, Andrea Davide/0000-0003-1124-8450; Covarelli, Roberto/0000-0003-1216-5235; Staiano, Amedeo/0000-0003-1803-624X; Ciulli, Vitaliano/0000-0003-1947-3396; Tonelli, Guido Emilio/0000-0003-2606-9156; Beuselinck, Raymond/0000-0003-2613-7446; Stober, Fred/0000-0003-2620-3159; Martelli, Arabella/0000-0003-3530-2255; Hamel de Monchenault, Gautier/0000-0002-3872-3592; Landsberg, Greg/0000-0002-4184-9380; Rizzi, Andrea/0000-0002-4543-2718; Gershtein, Yuri/0000-0002-4871-5449; Tricomi, Alessia Rita/0000-0002-5071-5501; CALZOLARI, FEDERICO/0000-0002-5510-3061; Malik, Sudhir/0000-0002-6356-2655; Dharmaraatna, Welathantri/0000-0002-6366-837X; Giacomelli, Paolo/0000-0002-6368-7220; Fassi, Farida/0000-0002-6423-7213; Leonidopoulos, Christos/0000-0002-7241-2114; Blekman, Freya/0000-0002-7366-7098; Lloret Iglesias, Lara/0000-0002-0157-4765; Kasemann, Matthias/0000-0002-0429-2448; Donvito, Giacinto/0000-0002-0628-1080; Petragnani, Giulio/0000-0002-0819-6509; Sguazzoni, Giacomo/0000-0002-0791-3350; WANG, MIN-ZU/0000-0002-0979-8341; Ligabue, Franco/0000-0002-1549-7107; Diemoz, Marcella/0000-0002-3810-8530; Baarmand, Marc/0000-0002-9792-8619; Nervo, Marco/0000-0002-9898-7346; Boccali, Tommaso/0000-0002-9930-9299; Menasce, Dario Livio/0000-0002-9918-1686; Bargassa, Pedrame/0000-0001-8612-3332; Mrenna, Stephen/0000-0001-8731-160X; Bilki, Burak/0000-0001-9515-3306; Costa, Salvatore/0000-0001-9919-0569; Gerbaudo, Davide/0000-0002-4463-0878; Vieira de Castro Ferreira da Silva, Pedro Manuel/0000-0002-5725-041X; Actis, Oxana/0000-0001-8851-3983; Bean, Alice/0000-0001-5967-8674; Longo, Egidio/0000-0001-6238-6787; Paganoni, Marco/0000-0003-2461-275X; Seixas, Joao/0000-0002-7531-0842; Vilela Pereira, Antonio/0000-0003-3177-4626; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Haj Ahmad, Wael/0000-0003-1491-0446; Xie, Si/0000-0003-2509-5731; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Goh, Junghwan/0000-0002-1129-2083; Govoni, Pietro/0000-0002-0227-1301; Tuominen, Eija/0000-0002-7073-7767; Yazgan, Efe/0000-0001-5732-7950; Altsybeev, Igor/0000-0002-8079-7026; Romaniuk, Ryszard/0000-0002-5710-4041; TUVE', Cristina/0000-0003-0739-3153; Gulmez, Erhan/0000-0002-6353-518X; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Flix, Josep/0000-0003-2688-8047; Ozdemir, Kadri/0000-0002-0103-1488; Cordonnier, Agnes/0000-0002-4216-3524; Trocsanyi, Zoltan/0000-0002-2129-1279; Konecki, Marcin/0000-0001-9482-4841; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/0000-0001-6436-7547; Barcala, JOSE MIGUEL/0000-0002-1092-7091; 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Hill, Christopher/0000-0003-0059-0779; Kuleshov, Sergey/0000-0002-3065-326X; Troitsky, Sergey/0000-0001-6917-6600; Codispoti, Giuseppe/0000-0003-0217-7021; Krammer, Manfred/0000-0003-2257-7751; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Tinoco Mendes, Andre David/0000-0001-5854-7699; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Stahl, Achim/0000-0002-8369-7506; Hektor, Andi/0000-0001-7873-8118; Wulz, Claudia-Elisabeth/0000-0001-9226-5812; Servoli, Leonello/0000-0003-1725-9185; Tomei, Thiago/0000-0002-1809-5226; Focardi, Ettore/0000-0002-3763-5267; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; de Jesus Damiao, Dilson/0000-0002-3769-1680; Montanari, Alessandro/0000-0003-2748-6373; Amapane, Nicola/0000-0001-9449-2509; Klyukhin, Vyacheslav/0000-0002-8577-6531; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; FU FMSR (Austria); FNRS (Belgium); FWO (Belgium); CNPq (Brazil); CAPES (Brazil); FAPERJ (Brazil); FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS (China); MoST (China); NSFC (China); COLCIEN-CIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); Academy of Sciences (Estonia); NICPB (Estonia); Academy of Finland (Finland); ME (Finland); HIP (Finland); CEA (France); CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF (Germany); DFG (Germany); HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA (Hungary); NKTH (Hungary); DAE (India); DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV (Mexico); CONACYT (Mexico); SEP (Mexico); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia); JINR (Belarus); JINR (Georgia); JINR (Ukraine); JINR (Uzbekistan); MST (Russia); MAE (Russia); MSTDS (Serbia); MICINN (Spain); CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK (Turkey); TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE (USA); NSF (USA); European Union; Leventis Foundation; A. P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX We thank the technical and administrative staff at CERN and other CMS Institutes, and acknowledge support from: FMSR (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIEN-CIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); Academy of Sciences and NICPB (Estonia); Academy of Finland, ME, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MST and MAE (Russia); MSTDS (Serbia); MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie IEF program (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. NR 27 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 56 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 5 AR T03007 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/5/03/T03007 PG 34 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 716MM UT WOS:000286973300002 ER PT J AU Chatrchyan, S Khachatryan, V Sirunyan, AM Adam, W Arnold, B Bergauer, H Bergauer, T Dragicevic, M Eichberger, M Ero, J Friedl, M Fruhwirth, R Ghete, VM Hammer, J Hansel, S Hoch, M Hormann, N Hrubec, J Jeitler, M Kasieczka, G Kastner, K Krammer, M Liko, D de Abril, IM Mikulec, I Mittermayr, F Neuherz, B Oberegger, M Padrta, M Pernicka, M Rohringer, H Schmid, S Schofbeck, R Schreiner, T Stark, R Steininger, H Strauss, J Taurok, A Teischinger, F Themel, T Uhl, D Wagner, P Waltenberger, W Walzel, G Widl, E Wulz, CE Chekhovsky, V Dvornikov, O Emeliantchik, I Litomin, A Makarenko, V Marfin, I Mossolov, V Shumeiko, N Solin, A Stefanovitch, R Gonzalez, JS Tikhonov, A Fedorov, A Karneyeu, A Korzhik, M Panov, V Zuyeuski, R Kuchinsky, P Beaumont, W Benucci, L Cardaci, M De Wolf, EA Delmeire, E Druzhkin, D Hashemi, M Janssen, X Maes, T Mucibello, L Ochesanu, S Rougny, R Selvaggi, M Van Haevermaet, H Van Mechelen, P Van Remortel, N Adler, V Beauceron, S Blyweert, S D'Hondt, J De Weirdt, S Devroede, O Heyninck, J Kalogeropoulos, A Maes, J Maes, M Mozer, MU Tavernier, S Van Doninck, W Van Mulders, P Villella, I Bouhali, O Chabert, EC Charaf, O Clerbaux, B De Lentdecker, G Dero, V Elgammal, S Gay, APR Hammad, GH Marage, PE Rugovac, S Velde, CV Vanlaer, P Wickens, J Grunewald, M Klein, B Marinov, A Ryckbosch, D Thyssen, F Tytgat, M Vanelderen, L Verwilligen, P Basegmez, S Bruno, G Caudron, J Delaere, C Demin, P Favart, D Giammanco, A Gregoire, G Lemaitre, V Militaru, O Ovyn, S Piotrzkowski, K Quertenmont, L Schul, N Beliy, N Daubie, E Alves, GA Pol, ME Souza, MHG Carvalho, W Damiao, DD Martins, CD De Souza, SF Mundim, L Oguri, V Santoro, A Do Amaral, SMS Sznajder, A Tomei, TRFP Dias, MAF Gregores, EM Novaes, SF Abadjiev, K Anguelov, T Damgov, J Darmenov, N Dimitrov, L Genchev, V Iaydjiev, P Piperov, S 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Denegri, D Descamps, J Fabbro, B Faure, JL Ferri, F Ganjour, S Gentit, FX Givernaud, A Gras, P de Monchenault, GH Jarry, P Lemaire, MC Locci, E Malcles, J Marionneau, M Millischer, L Rander, J Rosowsky, A Rousseau, D Titov, M Verrecchia, P Baffioni, S Bianchini, L Bluj, M Busson, P Charlot, C Dobrzynski, L de Cassagnac, RG Haguenauer, M Mine, P Paganini, P Sirois, Y Thiebaux, C Zabi, A Agram, JL Besson, A Bloch, D Bodin, D Brom, JM Conte, E Drouhin, F Fontaine, JC Gele, D Goerlach, U Gross, L Juillot, P Le Bihan, AC Patois, Y Speck, J Van Hove, P Baty, C Bedjidian, M Blaha, J Boudoul, G Brun, H Chanon, N Chierici, R Contardo, D Depasse, P Dupasquier, T El Mamouni, H Fassi, F Fay, J Gascon, S Ille, B Kurca, T Le Grand, T Lethuillier, M Lumb, N Mirabito, L Perries, S Vander Donckt, M Verdier, P Djaoshvili, N Roinishvili, N Roinishvili, V Amaglobeli, N Adolphi, R Anagnostou, G Brauer, R Braunschweig, W Edelhoff, M Esser, H Feld, L Karpinski, W Khomich, A Klein, K Mohr, N Ostaptchouk, A 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Korjenevski, S. Miner, D. C. Orbaker, D. Petrillo, G. Vishnevskiy, D. Zielinski, M. Bhatti, A. Demortier, L. Goulianos, K. Hatakeyama, K. Lungu, G. Mesropian, C. Yan, M. Atramentov, O. Bartz, E. Gershtein, Y. Halkiadakis, E. Hits, D. Lath, A. Rose, K. Schnetzer, S. Somalwar, S. Stone, R. Thomas, S. Watts, T. L. Cerizza, G. Hollingsworth, M. Spanier, S. Yang, Z. C. York, A. Asaadi, J. Aurisano, A. Eusebi, R. Golyash, A. Gurrola, A. Kamon, T. Nguyen, C. N. Pivarski, J. Safonov, A. Sengupta, S. Toback, D. Weinberger, M. Akchurin, N. Berntzon, L. Gumus, K. Jeong, C. Kim, H. Lee, S. W. Popescu, S. Roh, Y. Sill, A. Volobouev, I. Washington, E. Wigmans, R. Yazgan, E. Engh, D. Florez, C. Johns, W. Pathak, S. Sheldon, P. Andelin, D. Arenton, M. W. Balazs, M. Boutle, S. Buehler, M. Conetti, S. Cox, B. Hirosky, R. Ledovskoy, A. Neu, C. Phillips, D., II Ronquest, M. Yohay, R. Gollapinni, S. Gunthoti, K. Harr, R. Karchin, P. E. Mattson, M. Sakharov, A. Anderson, M. Bachtis, M. Bellinger, J. N. Carlsmith, D. Crotty, I. Dasu, S. Dutta, S. Efron, J. Feyzi, F. Flood, K. Gray, L. Grogg, K. S. Grothe, M. Hall-Wilton, R. Jaworski, M. Klabbers, P. Klukas, J. Lanaro, A. Lazaridis, C. Leonard, J. Loveless, R. de Abril, M. Magrans Mohapatra, A. Ott, G. Polese, G. Reeder, D. Savin, A. Smith, W. H. Sourkov, A. Swanson, J. Weinberg, M. Wenman, D. Wensveen, M. White, A. CA CMS Collaboration TI CMS data processing workflows during an extended cosmic ray run SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Detector control systems (detector and experiment monitoring and slow-control systems, architecture, hardware, algorithms, databases); Data acquisition concepts AB The CMS Collaboration conducted a month-long data taking exercise, the Cosmic Run At Four Tesla, during October-November 2008, with the goal of commissioning the experiment for extended operation. With all installed detector systems participating, CMS recorded 270 million cosmic ray events with the solenoid at a magnetic field strength of 3.8 T. This paper describes the data flow from the detector through the various online and offline computing systems, as well as the workflows used for recording the data, for aligning and calibrating the detector, and for analysis of the data. C1 [Chatrchyan, S.; Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. M.] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. [Adam, W.; Arnold, B.; Bergauer, H.; Bergauer, T.; Dragicevic, M.; Eichberger, M.; Eroe, J.; Friedl, M.; Fruehwirth, R.; Ghete, V. M.; Hammer, J.; Haensel, S.; Hoch, M.; Hoermann, N.; Hrubec, J.; Jeitler, M.; Kasieczka, G.; Kastner, K.; Krammer, M.; Liko, D.; de Abril, I. 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[Actis, O.; Altenhoefer, G.; Bender, W.; Biallass, P.; Erdmann, M.; Fetchenhauer, G.; Frangenheim, J.; Hebbeker, T.; Hilgers, G.; Hinzmann, A.; Hoepfner, K.; Hof, C.; Kirsch, M.; Klimkovich, T.; Kreuzer, P.; Lanske, D.; Merschmeyer, M.; Meyer, A.; Philipps, B.; Pieta, H.; Reithler, H.; Schmitz, S. A.; Sonnenschein, L.; Sowa, M.; Steggemann, J.; Szczesny, H.; Teyssier, D.; Zeidler, C.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys A 3, Aachen, Germany. [Bontenackels, M.; Davids, M.; Duda, M.; Fluegge, G.; Geenen, H.; Giffels, M.; Ahmad, W. Haj; Hermanns, T.; Heydhausen, D.; Kalinin, S.; Kress, T.; Linn, A.; Nowack, A.; Perchalla, L.; Poettgens, M.; Pooth, O.; Sauerland, P.; Stahl, A.; Tornier, D.; Zoeller, M. H.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys B 3, Aachen, Germany. [Martin, M. Aldaya; Behrens, U.; Borras, K.; Campbell, A.; Castro, E.; Dammann, D.; Eckerlin, G.; Flossdorf, A.; Flucke, G.; Geiser, A.; Hatton, D.; Hauk, J.; Jung, H.; Kasemann, M.; Katkov, I.; Kleinwort, C.; Kluge, H.; Knutsson, A.; Kuznetsova, E.; Lange, W.; Lohmann, W.; Mankel, R.; Marienfeld, M.; Meyer, A. B.; Miglioranzi, S.; Mnich, J.; Ohlerich, M.; Olzem, J.; Parenti, A.; Rosemann, C.; Schmidt, R.; Schoerner-Sadenius, T.; Volyanskyy, D.; Wissing, C.; Zeuner, W. D.] DESY, Hamburg, Germany. [Autermann, C.; Bechtel, F.; Draeger, J.; Eckstein, D.; Gebbert, U.; Kaschube, K.; Kaussen, G.; Klanner, R.; Mura, B.; Naumann-Emme, S.; Nowak, F.; Pein, U.; Sander, C.; Schleper, P.; Schum, T.; Stadie, H.; Steinbrueck, G.; Thomsen, J.; Wolf, R.] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. [Bauer, J.; Bluem, P.; Buege, V.; Cakir, A.; Chwalek, T.; De Boer, W.; Dierlamm, A.; Dirkes, G.; Feindt, M.; Felzmann, U.; Frey, M.; Furgeri, A.; Gruschke, J.; Hackstein, C.; Hartmann, F.; Heier, S.; Heinrich, M.; Held, H.; Hirschbuehl, D.; Hoffmann, K. H.; Honc, S.; Jung, C.; Kuhr, T.; Liamsuwan, T.; Martschei, D.; Mueller, S.; Mueller, Th.; Neuland, M. B.; Niegel, M.; Oberst, O.; Oehler, A.; Ott, J.; Peiffer, T.; Piparo, D.; Quast, G.; Rabbertz, K.; Ratnikov, F.; Ratnikova, N.; Renz, M.; Saout, C.; Sartisohn, G.; Scheurer, A.; Schieferdecker, P.; Schilling, F. -P.; Schott, G.; Simonis, H. J.; Stober, F. M.; Sturm, P.; Troendle, D.; Trunov, A.; Wagner, W.; Wagner-Kuhr, J.; Zeise, M.; Zhukov, V.; Ziebarth, E. B.] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-7500 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Daskalakis, G.; Geralis, T.; Karafasoulis, K.; Kyriakis, A.; Loukas, D.; Markou, A.; Markou, C.; Mavrommatis, C.; Petrakou, E.; Zachariadou, A.] Inst Nucl Phys Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece. [Gouskos, L.; Katsas, P.; Panagiotou, A.; Sphicas, P.] Univ Athens, Athens, Greece. [Evangelou, I.; Kokkas, P.; Manthos, N.; Papadopoulos, I.; Patras, V.; Triantis, F. A.] Univ Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Bencze, G.; Boldizsar, L.; Debreczeni, G.; Hajdu, C.; Hernath, S.; Hidas, P.; Horvath, D.; Krajczar, K.; Laszlo, A.; Patay, G.; Sikler, F.; Toth, N.; Vesztergombi, G.; Pasztor, G.] KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. [Beni, N.; Christian, G.; Imrek, J.; Molnar, J.; Novak, D.; Palinkas, J.; Szekely, G.; Szillasi, Z.; Tokesi, K.; Veszpremi, V.] Inst Nucl Res ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary. [Kapusi, A.; Marian, G.; Raics, P.; Szabo, Z.; Trocsanyi, Z. L.; Ujvari, B.; Zilizi, G.] Univ Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary. [Bansal, S.; Bawa, H. S.; Beri, S. B.; Bhatnagar, V.; Jindal, M.; Kaur, M.; Kaur, R.; Kohli, J. M.; Mehta, M. Z.; Nishu, N.; Saini, L. K.; Sharma, A.; Singh, A.; Singh, J. B.; Singh, S. P.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Ahuja, S.; Arora, S.; Bhattacharya, S.; Chauhan, S.; Choudhary, B. C.; Gupta, P.; Jain, S.; Jha, M.; Kumar, A.; Ranjan, K.; Shivpuri, R. K.; Srivastava, A. K.] Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. [Choudhury, R. K.; Dutta, D.; Kailas, S.; Kataria, S. K.; Mohanty, A. K.; Pant, L. M.; Shukla, P.; Topkar, A.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India. [Aziz, T.; Guchait, M.; Gurtu, A.; Maity, M.; Majumder, D.; Majumder, G.; Mazumdar, K.; Nayak, A.; Saha, A.; Sudhakar, K.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res EHEP, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. [Guchait, M.; Banerjee, S.; Dugad, S.; Mondal, N. K.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res HECR, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. [Arfaei, H.; Bakhshiansohi, H.; Fahim, A.; Jafari, A.; Najafabadi, M. Mohammadi; Moshaii, A.; Mehdiabadi, S. Paktinat; Rouhani, S.; Safarzadeh, B.; Zeinali, M.] Inst Studies Theoret Phys & Math, Tehran, Iran. [Felcini, M.] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Abbrescia, M.; Barbone, L.; Chiumarulo, F.; Clemente, A.; Colaleo, A.; Creanza, D.; Cuscela, G.; De Filippis, N.; De Palma, M.; De Robertis, G.; Donvito, G.; Fedele, F.; Fiore, L.; Franco, M.; Iaselli, G.; Lacalamita, N.; Loddo, F.; Lusito, L.; Maggi, G.; Maggi, M.; Manna, N.; Marangelli, B.; My, S.; Natali, S.; Nuzzo, S.; Papagni, G.; Piccolomo, S.; Pierro, G. A.; Pinto, C.; Pompili, A.; Pugliese, G.; Rajan, R.; Ranieri, A.; Romano, F.; Roselli, G.; Selvaggi, G.; Shinde, Y.; Silvestris, L.; Tupputi, S.; Zito, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Abbrescia, M.; De Palma, M.; Lusito, L.; Manna, N.; Marangelli, B.; Natali, S.; Nuzzo, S.; Pompili, A.; Roselli, G.; Selvaggi, G.; Tupputi, S.] Univ Bari, Bari, Italy. [Creanza, D.; Iaselli, G.; Maggi, G.; My, S.; Pugliese, G.; Romano, F.] Politecn Bari, Bari, Italy. [Abbiendi, G.; Bacchi, W.; Benvenuti, A. C.; Boldini, M.; Bonacorsi, D.; Braibant-Giacomelli, S.; Cafaro, V. D.; Caiazza, S. S.; Capiluppi, P.; Castro, A.; Cavallo, F. R.; Codispoti, G.; Cuffiani, M.; D'Antone, I.; Dallavalle, G. M.; Fabbri, F.; Fanfani, A.; Fasanella, D.; Giacomelli, P.; Giordano, V.; Giunta, M.; Grandi, C.; Guerzoni, M.; Marcellini, S.; Masetti, G.; Montanari, A.; Navarria, F. L.; Odorici, F.; Pellegrini, G.; Perrotta, A.; Rossi, A. M.; Rovelli, T.; Siroli, G.; Torromeo, G.; Travaglini, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Bacchi, W.; Braibant-Giacomelli, S.; Capiluppi, P.; Castro, A.; Codispoti, G.; Cuffiani, M.; Fanfani, A.; Masetti, G.; Navarria, F. L.; Rossi, A. M.; Rovelli, T.; Siroli, G.; Travaglini, R.] Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. [Albergo, S.; Costa, S.; Potenza, R.; Tricomi, A.; Tuve, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, I-95129 Catania, Italy. [Albergo, S.; Costa, S.; Potenza, R.; Tricomi, A.] Univ Catania, Catania, Italy. [Barbagli, G.; Broccolo, G.; Ciulli, V.; Civinini, C.; D'Alessandro, R.; Focardi, E.; Frosali, S.; Gallo, E.; Genta, C.; Landi, G.; Lenzi, P.; Meschini, M.; Paoletti, S.; Sguazzoni, G.; Tropiano, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Broccolo, G.; Ciulli, V.; D'Alessandro, R.; Focardi, E.; Frosali, S.; Genta, C.; Landi, G.; Lenzi, P.] Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. [Benussi, L.; Bertani, M.; Bianco, S.; Colafranceschi, S.; Colonna, D.; Fabbri, F.; Giardoni, M.; Passamonti, L.; Piccolo, D.; Pierluigi, D.; Ponzio, B.; Russo, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Fabbricatore, P.; Musenich, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Benaglia, A.; Calloni, M.; Cerati, G. B.; D'Angelo, P.; De Guio, F.; Farina, F. M.; Ghezzi, A.; Govoni, P.; Malberti, M.; Malvezzi, S.; Martelli, A.; Menasce, D.; Miccio, V.; Moroni, L.; Negri, P.; Paganoni, M.; Pedrini, D.; Pullia, A.; Ragazzi, S.; Redaelli, N.; Sala, S.; Salerno, R.; de Fatis, T. Tabarelli; Tancini, V.; Taroni, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano Biccoca, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cerati, G. B.; Govoni, P.; Malberti, M.; Miccio, V.; Negri, P.; Paganoni, M.; Pullia, A.; Ragazzi, S.; Salerno, R.; de Fatis, T. Tabarelli; Tancini, V.; Taroni, S.] Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. [Buontempo, S.; Cavallo, N.; Cimmino, A.; De Gruttola, M.; Fabozzi, F.; Iorio, A. O. M.; Lista, L.; Lomidze, D.; Noli, P.; Paolucci, P.; Sciacca, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80125 Naples, Italy. [Cimmino, A.; De Gruttola, M.; Noli, P.; Sciacca, C.] Univ Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. [Azzi, P.; Bacchetta, N.; Barcellan, L.; Bellan, P.; Bellato, M.; Benettoni, M.; Biasotto, M.; Bisello, D.; Borsato, E.; Branca, A.; Carlin, R.; Castellani, L.; Checchia, P.; Conti, E.; Dal Corso, F.; De Mattia, M.; Dorigo, T.; Dosselli, U.; Fanzago, F.; Gasparini, F.; Gasparini, U.; Giubilato, P.; Gonella, F.; Gresele, A.; Gulmini, M.; Kaminskiy, A.; Lacaprara, S.; Lazzizzera, I.; Margoni, M.; Maron, G.; Mattiazzo, S.; Mazzucato, M.; Meneghelli, M.; Meneguzzo, A. T.; Michelotto, M.; Montecassiano, F.; Nespolo, M.; Passaseo, M.; Pegoraro, M.; Perrozzi, L.; Pozzobon, N.; Ronchese, P.; Simonetto, F.; Toniolo, N.; Torassa, E.; Tosi, M.; Triossi, A.; Vanini, S.; Ventura, S.; Zotto, P.; Zumerle, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, Padua, Italy. [Bellan, P.; Bisello, D.; Borsato, E.; Carlin, R.; De Mattia, M.; Gasparini, U.; Giubilato, P.; Kaminskiy, A.; Margoni, M.; Mattiazzo, S.; Meneguzzo, A. T.; Pozzobon, N.; Ronchese, P.; Simonetto, F.; Tosi, M.; Vanini, S.; Zotto, P.; Zumerle, G.] Univ Padua, Padua, Italy. [Baesso, P.; Berzano, U.; Bricola, S.; Necchi, M. M.; Pagano, D.; Ratti, S. P.; Riccardi, C.; Torre, P.; Vicini, A.; Vitulo, P.; Viviani, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Baesso, P.; Necchi, M. M.; Pagano, D.; Ratti, S. P.; Riccardi, C.; Torre, P.; Vitulo, P.; Viviani, C.] Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Aisa, D.; Aisa, S.; Babucci, E.; Biasini, M.; Bilei, G. M.; Caponeri, B.; Checcucci, B.; Dinu, N.; Fano, L.; Farnesini, L.; Lariccia, P.; Lucaroni, A.; Mantovani, G.; Nappi, A.; Piluso, A.; Postolache, V.; Santocchia, A.; Servoli, L.; Tonoiu, D.; Vedaee, A.; Volpe, R.; Pioppi, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Biasini, M.; Caponeri, B.; Lariccia, P.; Lucaroni, A.; Mantovani, G.; Nappi, A.; Santocchia, A.; Volpe, R.; Pioppi, M.] Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Azzurri, P.; Bagliesi, G.; Bernardini, J.; Berretta, L.; Boccali, T.; Bocci, A.; Borrello, L.; Bosi, F.; Calzolari, F.; Castaldi, R.; Dell'Orso, R.; Fiori, F.; Foa, L.; Gennai, S.; Giassi, A.; Kraan, A.; Ligabue, F.; Lomtadze, T.; Mariani, F.; Martini, L.; Massa, M.; Messineo, A.; Moggi, A.; Palla, F.; Palmonari, F.; Petragnani, G.; Petrucciani, G.; Raffaelli, F.; Sarkar, S.; Segneri, G.; Serban, A. T.; Spagnolo, P.; Tenchini, R.; Tolaini, S.; Tonelli, G.; Venturi, A.; Verdini, P. G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Bernardini, J.; Fiori, F.; Messineo, A.; Tonelli, G.] Univ Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Azzurri, P.; Bocci, A.; Borrello, L.; Foa, L.; Gennai, S.; Ligabue, F.; Petrucciani, G.] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Baccaro, S.; Barone, L.; Bartoloni, A.; Cavallari, F.; Dafinei, I.; Del Re, D.; Di Marco, E.; Diemoz, M.; Franci, D.; Longo, E.; Organtini, G.; Palma, A.; Pandolfi, F.; Paramatti, R.; Pellegrino, F.; Rahatlou, S.; Rovelli, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, Rome, Italy. [Alampi, G.; Amapane, N.; Arcidiacono, R.; Argiro, S.; Arneodo, M.; Biino, C.; Borgia, M. A.; Botta, C.; Cartiglia, N.; Castello, R.; Cerminara, G.; Costa, M.; Dattola, D.; Dellacasa, G.; Demaria, N.; Dughera, G.; Dumitrache, F.; Graziano, A.; Mariotti, C.; Marone, M.; Maselli, S.; Migliore, E.; Mila, G.; Monaco, V.; Musich, M.; Nervo, M.; Obertino, M. M.; Oggero, S.; Panero, R.; Pastrone, N.; Pelliccioni, M.; Romero, A.; Ruspa, M.; Sacchi, R.; Solano, A.; Staiano, A.; Trapani, P. P.; Trocino, D.; Pereira, A. Vilela; Visca, L.; Zampieri, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Amapane, N.; Arcidiacono, R.; Argiro, S.; Borgia, M. A.; Botta, C.; Castello, R.; Cerminara, G.; Costa, M.; Graziano, A.; Marone, M.; Migliore, E.; Mila, G.; Monaco, V.; Musich, M.; Nervo, M.; Oggero, S.; Pelliccioni, M.; Romero, A.; Sacchi, R.; Solano, A.; Trapani, P. P.; Trocino, D.; Pereira, A. Vilela; Visca, L.] Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. [Arneodo, M.; Obertino, M. M.; Ruspa, M.] Univ Piemonte Orientale Novara, Turin, Italy. [Ambroglini, F.; Belforte, S.; Cossutti, F.; Della Ricca, G.; Gobbo, B.; Penzo, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Trieste, Italy. [Ambroglini, F.; Della Ricca, G.] Univ Trieste, Trieste, Italy. [Chang, S.; Chung, J.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, G. N.; Kong, D. J.; Park, H.; Son, D. C.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu, South Korea. [Bahk, S. Y.] Wonkwang Univ, Iksan, South Korea. [Song, S.] Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. [Jung, S. Y.] Konkuk Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Hong, B.; Kim, H.; Kim, J. H.; Lee, K. S.; Moon, D. H.; Park, S. K.; Rhee, H. B.; Sim, K. S.] Korea Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Kim, J.] Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Choi, M.; Hahn, G.; Park, I. C.] Univ Seoul, Seoul, South Korea. [Choi, S.; Choi, Y.; Goh, J.; Jeong, H.; Kim, T. J.; Lee, J.; Lee, S.] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon, South Korea. [Janulis, M.; Martisiute, D.; Petrov, P.; Sabonis, T.] Vilnius Univ, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Castilla Valdez, H.; Sanchez Hernandez, A.] IPN, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City 07738, DF, Mexico. [Carrillo Moreno, S.] Univ Iberoamer, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Morelos Pineda, A.] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. [Allfrey, P.; Gray, R. N. C.; Krofcheck, D.] Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Rodrigues, N. Bernardino; Butler, P. H.; Signal, T.; Williams, J. C.] Univ Canterbury, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Ahmad, M.; Ahmed, I.; Ahmed, W.; Asghar, M. I.; Awan, M. I. M.; Hoorani, H. R.; Hussain, I.; Khan, W. A.; Khurshid, T.; Muhammad, S.; Qazi, S.; Shahzad, H.] Quaid I Azam Univ, Natl Ctr Phys, Islamabad, Pakistan. [Cwiok, M.; Dabrowski, R.; Dominik, W.; Doroba, K.; Konecki, M.; Krolikowski, J.; Pozniak, K.; Romaniuk, R.; Zabolotny, W.; Zych, P.] Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. [Bluj, M.; Frueboes, T.; Gokieli, R.; Goscilo, L.; Gorski, M.; Kazana, M.; Nawrocki, K.; Szleper, M.; Wrochna, G.; Zalewski, P.] Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Almeida, N.; Antunes Pedro, L.; Bargassa, P.; David, A.; Faccioli, P.; Ferreira Parracho, P. G.; Freitas Ferreira, M.; Gallinaro, M.; Guerra Jordao, M.; Martins, P.; Mini, G.; Musella, P.; Pela, J.; Raposo, L.; Ribeiro, P. Q.; Sampaio, S.; Seixas, J.; Silva, J.; Silva, P.; Soares, D.; Sousa, M.; Varela, J.; Woehri, H. K.] Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas, Lisbon, Portugal. [Altsybeev, I.; Belotelov, I.; Bunin, P.; Ershov, Y.; Filozova, I.; Finger, M.; Finger, M., Jr.; Golunov, A.; Golutvin, I.; Gorbounov, N.; Kalagin, V.; Kamenev, A.; Karjavin, V.; Konoplyanikov, V.; Korenkov, V.; Kozlov, G.; Kurenkov, A.; Lanev, A.; Makankin, A.; Mitsyn, V. V.; Moisenz, P.; Nikonov, E.; Oleynik, D.; Palichik, V.; Perelygin, V.; Petrosyan, A.; Semenov, R.; Shmatov, S.; Smirnov, V.; Smolin, D.; Tikhonenko, E.; Vasil'ev, S.; Vishnevskiy, A.; Volodko, A.; Zarubin, A.; Zhiltsov, V.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. [Bondar, N.; Chtchipounov, L.; Denisov, A.; Gavrikov, Y.; Gavrilov, G.; Golovtsov, V.; Ivanov, Y.; Kim, V.; Kozlov, V.; Levchenko, P.; Obrant, G.; Orishchin, E.; Petrunin, A.; Shcheglov, Y.; Shchetkovskiy, A.; Sknar, V.; Smirnov, I.; Sulimov, V.; Tarakanov, V.; Uvarov, L.; Vavilov, S.; Velichko, G.; Volkov, S.; Vorobyev, A.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Andreev, Yu.; Anisimov, A.; Antipov, P.; Dermenev, A.; Gninenko, S.; Golubev, N.; Kirsanov, M.; Krasnikov, N.; Matveev, V.; Pashenkov, A.; Postoev, V. E.; Solovey, A.; Toropin, A.; Troitsky, S.; Musienko, Y.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia. [Baud, A.; Epshteyn, V.; Gavrilov, V.; Ilina, N.; Kaftanov, V.; Kolosov, V.; Kossov, M.; Krokhotin, A.; Kuleshov, S.; Oulianov, A.; Safronov, G.; Semenov, S.; Shreyber, I.; Stolin, V.; Vlasov, E.; Zhokin, A.; Starodumov, A.; Nikitenko, A.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. [Horvath, D.; Boos, E.; Dubinin, M.; Dudko, L.; Ershov, A.; Gribushin, A.; Klyukhin, V.; Kodolova, O.; Lokhtin, I.; Petrushanko, S.; Sarycheva, L.; Savrin, V.; Snigirev, A.; Vardanyan, I.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. [Dremin, I.; Kirakosyan, M.; Konovalova, N.; Rusakov, S. V.; Vinogradov, A.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. [Akimenko, S.; Artamonov, A.; Azhgirey, I.; Bitioukov, S.; Burtovoy, V.; Grishin, V.; Kachanov, V.; Konstantinov, D.; Krychkine, V.; Levine, A.; Lobov, I.; Lukanin, V.; Mel'nik, Y.; Petrov, V.; Ryutin, R.; Slabospitsky, S.; Sobol, A.; Sytine, A.; Tourtchanovitch, L.; Troshin, S.; Tyurin, N.; Uzunian, A.; Volkov, A.; Sourkov, A.] State Res Ctr Russian Federat, Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Adzic, P.; Djordjevic, M.; Jovanovic, D.; Krpic, D.; Maletic, D.; Puzovic, J.; Smiljkovic, N.; Milenovic, P.] Vinca Inst Nucl Sci, Belgrade, Serbia. [Aguilar-Benitez, M.; Alberdi, J.; Alcaraz Maestre, J.; Arce, P.; Barcala, J. M.; Battilana, C.; Burgos Lazaro, C.; Caballero Bejar, J.; Calvo, E.; Cardenas Montes, M.; Cepeda, M.; Cerrada, M.; Chamizo Llatas, M.; Clemente, F.; Colino, N.; Daniel, M.; De La Cruz, B.; Delgado Peris, A.; Diez Pardos, C.; Fernandez Bedoya, C.; Fernandez Ramos, J. P.; Ferrando, A.; Flix, J.; Fouz, M. C.; Garcia-Abia, P.; Garcia-Bonilla, A. C.; Gonzalez Lopez, O.; Goy Lopez, S.; Hernandez, J. M.; Josa, M. I.; Marin, J.; Merino, G.; Molina, J.; Molinero, A.; Navarrete, J. J.; Oller, J. C.; Puerta Pelayo, J.; Romero, L.; Santaolalla, J.; Villanueva Munoz, C.; Willmott, C.; Yuste, C.] CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain. [Albajar, C.; Blanco Otano, M.; de Troconiz, J. F.; Garcia Raboso, A.; Lopez Berengueres, J. O.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Cuevas, J.; Fernandez Menendez, J.; Gonzalez Caballero, I.; Lloret Iglesias, L.; Naves Sordo, H.; Vizan Garcia, J. M.] Univ Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. [Cabrillo, I. J.; Calderon, A.; Chuang, S. H.; Diaz Merino, I.; Diez Gonzalez, C.; Duarte Campderros, J.; Fernandez, M.; Gomez, G.; Gonzalez Sanchez, J.; Gonzalez Suarez, R.; Jorda, C.; Lobelle Pardo, P.; Lopez Virto, A.; Marco, J.; Marco, R.; Martinez Rivero, C.; Ruiz del Arbol, P. Martinez; Matorras, F.; Rodrigo, T.; Ruiz Jimeno, A.; Scodellaro, L.; Sobron Sanudo, M.; Vila, I.; Vilar Cortabitarte, R.] Univ Cantabria, IFCA, CSIC, E-39005 Santander, Spain. [Hammer, J.; Van Doninck, W.; Piotrzkowski, K.; Darmenov, N.; Genchev, V.; Toteva, Z.; Fetchenhauer, G.; Kreuzer, P.; Mankel, R.; Zeuner, W. D.; Hartmann, F.; Saout, C.; Panagiotou, A.; Bencze, G.; Hajdu, C.; Szillasi, Z.; Dallavalle, G. M.; Giunta, M.; Lenzi, P.; Cerati, G. B.; Malberti, M.; Cimmino, A.; De Gruttola, M.; Azzi, P.; Bellan, P.; Spagnolo, P.; Tenchini, R.; Tonelli, G.; Cavallari, F.; Paramatti, R.; Trapani, P. P.; Castilla Valdez, H.; Kossov, M.; Grishin, V.; Abbaneo, D.; Albert, E.; Alidra, M.; Ashby, S.; Auffray, E.; Baechler, J.; Baillon, P.; Ball, A. H.; Bally, S. L.; Barney, D.; Beaudette, F.; Bellan, R.; Benedetti, D.; Benelli, G.; Bernet, C.; Bloch, P.; Bolognesi, S.; Bona, M.; Bos, J.; Bourgeois, N.; Bourrel, T.; Breuker, H.; Bunkowski, K.; Campi, D.; Camporesi, T.; Cano, E.; Cattai, A.; Chatelain, J. P.; Chauvey, M.; Christiansen, T.; Perez, J. A. Coarasa; Garcia, A. Conde; Covarelli, R.; Cure, B.; De Roeck, A.; Delachenal, V.; Deyrail, D.; Di Vincenzo, S.; Dos Santos, S.; Dupont, T.; Edera, L. M.; Elliott-Peisert, A.; Eppard, M.; Favre, M.; Frank, N.; Funk, W.; Gaddi, A.; Gastal, M.; Gateau, M.; Gerwig, H.; Gigi, D.; Gill, K.; Giordano, D.; Girod, J. P.; Glege, F.; Garrido, R. Gomez-Reino; Goudard, R.; Gowdy, S.; Guida, R.; Guiducci, L.; Gutleber, J.; Hansen, M.; Hartl, C.; Harvey, J.; Hegner, B.; Hoffmann, H. F.; Holzner, A.; Honma, A.; Huhtinen, M.; Innocente, V.; Janot, P.; Le Godec, G.; Lecoq, P.; Leonidopoulos, C.; Loos, R.; Lourenco, C.; Lyonnet, A.; Macpherson, A.; Magini, N.; Maillefaud, J. D.; Maire, G.; Maeki, T.; Malgeri, L.; Mannelli, M.; Masetti, L.; Meijers, F.; Meridiani, P.; Mersi, S.; Meschi, E.; Cordonnier, A. Meynet; Moser, R.; Mulders, M.; Mulon, J.; Noy, M.; Oh, A.; Olesen, G.; Onnela, A.; Orimoto, T.; Orsini, L.; Perez, E.; Perinic, G.; Pernot, J. F.; Petagna, P.; Petiot, P.; Petrilli, A.; Pfeiffer, A.; Pierini, M.; Pimiae, M.; Pintus, R.; Pirollet, B.; Postema, H.; Racz, A.; Ravat, S.; Rew, S. B.; Antunes, J. Rodrigues; Rolandi, G.; Rovere, M.; Ryjov, V.; Sakulin, H.; Samyn, D.; Sauce, H.; Schaefer, C.; Schlatter, W. D.; Schroeder, M.; Schwick, C.; Sciaba, A.; Segoni, I.; Sharma, A.; Siegrist, N.; Siegrist, P.; Sinanis, N.; Sobrier, T.; Sphicas, P.; Spiga, D.; Spiropulu, M.; Stoeckli, F.; Traczyk, P.; Tropea, P.; Troska, J.; Tsirou, A.; Veillet, L.; Veres, G. I.; Voutilainen, M.; Wertelaers, P.; Zanetti, M.; Sidiropoulos, G.; Virdee, T.; Erhan, S.; Afaq, M. A.; Lusin, S.; Tkaczyk, S.; Trentadue, R.; Crotty, I.] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Bertl, W.; Deiters, K.; Erdmann, W.; Gabathuler, K.; Horisberger, R.; Ingram, Q.; Kaestli, H. C.; Onig, S. K.; Kotlinski, D.; Langenegger, U.; Meier, F.; Renker, D.; Rohe, T.; Sibille, J.; Starodumov, A.; Caminada, L.; Dambach, S.; Eggel, C.; Marchica, C.; Trueb, P.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland. [Betev, B.; Caminada, L.; Chen, Z.; Cittolin, S.; Di Calafiori, D. R. Da Silva; Dambach, S.; Dissertori, G.; Dittmar, M.; Eggel, C.; Eugster, J.; Faber, G.; Freudenreich, K.; Grab, C.; Herve, A.; Hintz, W.; Lecomte, P.; Luckey, P. D.; Lustermann, W.; Marchica, C.; Milenovic, P.; Moortgat, F.; Nardulli, A.; Nessi-Tedaldi, F.; Pape, L.; Pauss, F.; Punz, T.; Rizzi, A.; Ronga, F. J.; Sala, L.; Sanchez, A. K.; Sawley, M. -C.; Sordini, V.; Stieger, B.; Tauscher, L.; Thea, A.; Theofilatos, K.; Treille, D.; Trueb, P.; Weber, M.; Wehrli, L.; Weng, J.; Zelepoukine, S.] ETH, Inst Particle Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. [Amsler, C.; De Visscher, S.; Regenfus, C.; Robmann, P.; Rommerskirchen, T.; Schmidt, A.; Tsirigkas, D.; Wilke, L.] Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. [Chang, Y. H.; Chen, E. A.; Chen, W. T.; Go, A.; Kuo, C. M.; Li, S. W.; Lin, W.] Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Bartalini, P.; Chang, P.; Chao, Y.; Chen, K. F.; Hou, W. -S.; Hsiung, Y.; Lei, Y. J.; Lin, S. W.; Lu, R. -S.; Schuemann, J.; Shiu, J. G.; Tzeng, Y. M.; Ueno, K.; Velikzhanin, Y.; Wang, C. C.; Wang, M.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Adiguzel, A.; Ayhan, A.; Gokce, A. Azman; Bakirci, M. N.; Cerci, S.; Dumanoglu, I.; Eskut, E.; Girgis, S.; Gurpinar, E.; Hos, I.; Karaman, T.; Topaksu, A. Kayis; Kurt, P.; Onengut, G.; Gokbulut, G. Onengut; Ozdemir, K.; Ozturk, S.; Polatoz, A.; Sogut, K.; Tali, B.; Topakli, H.; Uzun, D.; Vergili, L. N.; Vergili, M.] Cukurova Univ, Adana, Turkey. [Akin, I. V.; Aliev, T.; Bilmis, S.; Deniz, M.; Gamsizkan, H.; Guler, A. M.; Ocalan, K.; Serin, M.; Sever, R.; Surat, U. E.; Zeyrek, M.] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. [Deliomeroglu, M.; Demir, D.; Gulmez, E.; Halu, A.; Isildak, B.; Kaya, M.; Kaya, O.; Ozkorucuklu, S.; Sonmez, N.] Bogazici Univ, Dept Phys, Istanbul, Turkey. [Levchuk, L.; Lukyanenko, S.; Soroka, D.; Zub, S.] Kharkov Inst Phys & Technol, Natl Sci Ctr, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Bostock, F.; Brooke, J. J.; Cheng, T. L.; Cussans, D.; Frazier, R.; Goldstein, J.; Grant, N.; Hansen, M.; Heath, G. P.; Heath, H. F.; Hill, C.; Huckvale, B.; Jackson, J.; Mackay, C. K.; Metson, S.; Newbold, D. M.; Nirunpong, K.; Smith, V. J.; Velthuis, J.; Walton, R.] Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. [Newbold, D. M.; Bell, K. W.; Brew, C.; Brown, R. M.; Camanzi, B.; Cockerill, D. J. A.; Coughlan, J. A.; Geddes, N. I.; Harder, K.; Harper, S.; Kennedy, B. W.; Murray, P.; Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. H.; Tomalin, I. R.; Womersley, W. J.; Worm, S. D.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Bainbridge, R.; Ball, G.; Ballin, J.; Beuselinck, R.; Buchmuller, O.; Colling, D.; Cripps, N.; Davies, G.; Della Negra, M.; Foudas, C.; Fulcher, J.; Futyan, D.; Hall, G.; Hays, J.; Iles, G.; Karapostoli, G.; MacEvoy, B. C.; Magnan, A. -M.; Marrouche, J.; Nash, J.; Nikitenko, A.; Papageorgiou, A.; Pesaresi, M.; Petridis, K.; Pioppi, M.; Raymond, D. M.; Rompotis, N.; Rose, A.; Ryan, M. J.; Seez, C.; Sharp, P.; Sidiropoulos, G.; Stettler, M.; Stoye, M.; Takahashi, M.; Tapper, A.; Timlin, C.; Tourneur, S.; Acosta, M. Vazquez; Virdee, T.; Wakefield, S.; Wardrope, D.; Whyntie, T.; Wingham, M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Cole, J. E.; Goitom, I.; Hobson, P. R.; Khan, A.; Kyberd, P.; Leslie, D.; Munro, C.; Reid, I. D.; Siamitros, C.; Taylor, R.; Teodorescu, L.; Yaselli, I.] Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. [Bose, T.; Carleton, M.; Hazen, E.; Heering, A. H.; Heister, A.; St John, J.; Lawson, P.; Lazic, D.; Osborne, D.; Rohlf, J.; Sulak, L.; Wu, S.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Andrea, J.; Avetisyan, A.; Bhattacharya, S.; Chou, J. P.; Cutts, D.; Esen, S.; Kukartsev, G.; Landsberg, G.; Narain, M.; Nguyen, D.; Speer, T.; Tsang, K. V.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Breedon, R.; Sanchez, M. Calderon De La Barca; Case, M.; Cebra, D.; Chertok, M.; Conway, J.; Cox, P. T.; Dolen, J.; Erbacher, R.; Friis, E.; Ko, W.; Kopecky, A.; Lander, R.; Lister, A.; Liu, H.; Maruyama, S.; Miceli, T.; Nikolic, M.; Pellett, D.; Robles, J.; Searle, M.; Smith, J.; Squires, M.; Stilley, J.; Tripathi, M.; Sierra, R. Vasquez; Veelken, C.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Andreev, V.; Arisaka, K.; Cline, D.; Cousins, R.; Erhan, S.; Hauser, J.; Ignatenko, M.; Jarvis, C.; Mumford, J.; Plager, C.; Rakness, G.; Schlein, P.; Tucker, J.; Valuev, V.; Wallny, R.; Yang, X.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Babb, J.; Bose, M.; Chandra, A.; Clare, R.; Ellison, J. A.; Gary, J. W.; Hanson, G.; Jeng, G. Y.; Kao, S. C.; Liu, F.; Liu, H.; Luthra, A.; Nguyen, H.; Pasztor, G.; Satpathy, A.; Shen, B. C.; Stringer, R.; Sturdy, J.; Sytnik, V.; Wilken, R.; Wimpenny, S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Bhattacharya, S.; Branson, J. G.; Dusinberre, E.; Evans, D.; Golf, F.; Kelley, R.; Lebourgeois, M.; Letts, J.; Lipeles, E.; Mangano, B.; Muelmenstaedt, J.; Norman, M.; Padhi, S.; Petrucci, A.; Pi, H.; Pieri, M.; Ranieri, R.; Sani, M.; Sharma, V.; Simon, S.; Wuerthwein, F.; Yagil, A.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Campagnari, C.; D'Alfonso, M.; Danielson, T.; Garberson, J.; Incandela, J.; Justus, C.; Kalavase, P.; Koay, S. A.; Kovalskyi, D.; Krutelyov, V.; Lamb, J.; Lowette, S.; Pavlunin, V.; Rebassoo, F.; Ribnik, J.; Richman, J.; Rossin, R.; Stuart, D.; To, W.; Vlimant, J. R.; Witherell, M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Dubinin, M.; Spiropulu, M.; Apresyan, A.; Bornheim, A.; Bunn, J.; Chiorboli, M.; Gataullin, M.; Kcira, D.; Litvine, V.; Ma, Y.; Newman, H. B.; Rogan, C.; Timciuc, V.; Veverka, J.; Wilkinson, R.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, L.; Zhu, K.; Zhu, R. Y.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Akgun, B.; Carroll, R.; Ferguson, T.; Jang, D. W.; Jun, S. Y.; Paulini, M.; Russ, J.; Terentyev, N.; Vogel, H.; Vorobiev, I.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Cumalat, J. P.; Dinardo, M. E.; Drell, B. R.; Ford, W. T.; Heyburn, B.; Lopez, E. Luiggi; Nauenberg, U.; Stenson, K.; Ulmer, K.; Wagner, S. R.; Zang, S. L.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Agostino, L.; Alexander, J.; Blekman, F.; Cassel, D.; Chatterjee, A.; Das, S.; Gibbons, L. K.; Heltsley, B.; Hopkins, W.; Khukhunaishvili, A.; Kreis, B.; Kuznetsov, V.; Patterson, J. R.; Puigh, D.; Ryd, A.; Shi, X.; Stroiney, S.; Sun, W.; Teo, W. D.; Thom, J.; Vaughan, J.; Weng, Y.; Wittich, P.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Beetz, C. P.; Cirino, G.; Sanzeni, C.; Winn, D.] Fairfield Univ, Fairfield, CT 06430 USA. [Abdullin, S.; Afaq, M. A.; Albrow, M.; Ananthan, B.; Apollinari, G.; Atac, M.; Badgett, W.; Bagby, L.; Bakken, J. A.; Baldin, B.; Banerjee, S.; Banicz, K.; Bauerdick, L. A. T.; Beretvas, A.; Berryhill, J.; Bhat, P. C.; Biery, K.; Binkley, M.; Bloch, I.; Borcherding, F.; Brett, A. M.; Burkett, K.; Butler, J. N.; Chetluru, V.; Cheung, H. W. K.; Chlebana, F.; Churin, I.; Cihangir, S.; Crawford, M.; Dagenhart, W.; Demarteau, M.; Derylo, G.; Dykstra, D.; Eartly, D. P.; Elias, J. E.; Elvira, V. D.; Evans, D.; Feng, L.; Fischler, M.; Fisk, I.; Foulkes, S.; Freeman, J.; Gartung, P.; Gottschalk, E.; Grassi, T.; Green, D.; Guo, Y.; Gutsche, O.; Hahn, A.; Hanlon, J.; Harris, R. M.; Holzman, B.; Howell, J.; Hufnagel, D.; James, E.; Jensen, H.; Johnson, M.; Jones, C. D.; Joshi, U.; Juska, E.; Kaiser, J.; Klima, B.; Kossiakov, S.; Kousouris, K.; Kwan, S.; Lei, C. M.; Limon, P.; Perez, J. A. Lopez; Los, S.; Lueking, L.; Lukhanin, G.; Lusin, S.; Lykken, J.; Maeshima, K.; Marraffino, J. M.; Mason, D.; McBride, P.; Miao, T.; Mishra, K.; Moccia, S.; Mommsen, R.; Mrenna, S.; Muhammad, A. S.; Newman-Holmes, C.; Noeding, C.; O'Dell, V.; Prokofyev, O.; Rivera, R.; Rivetta, C. H.; Ronzhin, A.; Rossman, P.; Ryu, S.; Sekhri, V.; Sexton-Kennedy, E.; Sfiligoi, I.; Sharma, S.; Shaw, T. M.; Shpakov, D.; Skup, E.; Smith, R. P.; Soha, A.; Spalding, W. J.; Spiegel, L.; Suzuki, I.; Tan, P.; Tanenbaum, W.; Tkaczyk, S.; Trentadue, R.; Uplegger, L.; Vaandering, E. W.; Vidal, R.; Whitmore, J.; Wicklund, E.; Wu, W.; Yarba, J.; Yumiceva, F.; Yun, J. C.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Acosta, D.; Avery, P.; Barashko, V.; Bourilkov, D.; Chen, M.; Di Giovanni, G. P.; Dobur, D.; Drozdetskiy, A.; Field, R. D.; Fu, Y.; Furic, I. K.; Gartner, J.; Holmes, D.; Kim, B.; Klimenko, S.; Konigsberg, J.; Korytov, A.; Kotov, K.; Kropivnitskaya, A.; Kypreos, T.; Madorsky, A.; Matchev, K.; Mitselmakher, G.; Pakhotin, Y.; Gomez, J. Piedra; Prescott, C.; Rapsevicius, V.; Remington, R.; Schmitt, M.; Scurlock, B.; Wang, D.; Yelton, J.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Ceron, C.; Gaultney, V.; Kramer, L.; Lebolo, L. M.; Linn, S.; Markowitz, P.; Martinez, G.; Rodriguez, J. L.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Adams, T.; Askew, A.; Baer, H.; Bertoldi, M.; Chen, J.; Dharmaratna, W. G. D.; Gleyzer, S. V.; Haas, J.; Hagopian, S.; Hagopian, V.; Jenkins, M.; Johnson, K. F.; Prettner, E.; Prosper, H.; Sekmen, S.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Baarmand, M. M.; Guragain, S.; Hohlmann, M.; Kalakhety, H.; Mermerkaya, H.; Ralich, R.; Vodopiyanov, I.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Abelev, B.; Adams, M. R.; Anghel, I. M.; Apanasevich, L.; Bazterra, V. E.; Betts, R. R.; Callner, J.; Castro, M. A.; Cavanaugh, R.; Dragoiu, C.; Garcia-Solis, E. J.; Gerber, C. E.; Hofman, D. J.; Khalatian, S.; Mironov, C.; Shabalina, E.; Smoron, A.; Varelas, N.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. [Akgun, U.; Albayrak, E. A.; Ayan, A. S.; Bilki, B.; Briggs, R.; Cankocak, K.; Chung, K.; Clarida, W.; Debbins, P.; Duru, F.; Ingram, F. D.; Lae, C. K.; McCliment, E.; Merlo, J. -P.; Mestvirishvili, A.; Miller, M. J.; Moeller, A.; Nachtman, J.; Newsom, C. R.; Norbeck, E.; Olson, J.; Onel, Y.; Ozok, F.; Parsons, J.; Schmidt, I.; Sen, S.; Wetzel, J.; Yetkin, T.; Yi, K.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Barnett, B. A.; Blumenfeld, B.; Bonato, A.; Chien, C. Y.; Fehling, D.; Giurgiu, G.; Gritsan, A. V.; Guo, Z. J.; Maksimovic, P.; Rappoccio, S.; Swartz, M.; Tran, N. V.; Zhang, Y.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Sibille, J.; Baringer, P.; Bean, A.; Grachov, O.; Murray, M.; Radicci, V.; Sanders, S.; Wood, J. S.; Zhukova, V.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Bandurin, D.; Bolton, T.; Kaadze, K.; Liu, A.; Maravin, Y.; Onoprienko, D.; Svintradze, I.; Wan, Z.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Gronberg, J.; Hollar, J.; Lange, D.; Wright, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Baden, D.; Bard, R.; Boutemeur, M.; Eno, S. C.; Ferencek, D.; Hadley, N. J.; Kellogg, R. G.; Kirn, M.; Kunori, S.; Rossato, K.; Rumerio, P.; Santanastasio, F.; Skuja, A.; Temple, J.; Tonjes, M. B.; Tonwar, S. C.; Toole, T.; Twedt, E.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Alver, B.; Bauer, G.; Bendavid, J.; Busza, W.; Butz, E.; Cali, I. A.; Chan, M.; D'Enterria, D.; Everaerts, P.; Ceballos, G. Gomez; Hahn, K. A.; Harris, P.; Jaditz, S.; Kim, Y.; Klute, M.; Lee, Y. -J.; Li, W.; Loizides, C.; Ma, T.; Miller, M.; Nahn, S.; Paus, C.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Rudolph, M.; Stephans, G.; Sumorok, K.; Sung, K.; Vaurynovich, S.; Wenger, E. A.; Wyslouch, B.; Xie, S.; Yilmaz, Y.; Yoon, A. S.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Bailleux, D.; Cooper, S. I.; Cushman, P.; Dahmes, B.; De Benedetti, A.; Dolgopolov, A.; Dudero, P. R.; Egeland, R.; Franzoni, G.; Haupt, J.; Inyakin, A.; Klapoetke, K.; Kubota, Y.; Mans, J.; Mirman, N.; Petyt, D.; Rekovic, V.; Rusack, R.; Schroeder, M.; Singovsky, A.; Zhang, J.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Cremaldi, L. M.; Godang, R.; Kroeger, R.; Perera, L.; Rahmat, R.; Sanders, D. A.; Sonnek, P.; Summers, D.] Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. [Bloom, K.; Bockelman, B.; Bose, S.; Butt, J.; Claes, D. R.; Dominguez, A.; Eads, M.; Keller, J.; Kelly, T.; Kravchenko, I.; Lazo-Flores, J.; Lundstedt, C.; Malbouisson, H.; Malik, S.; Snow, G. R.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. [Baur, U.; Iashvili, I.; Kharchilava, A.; Kumar, A.; Smith, K.; Strang, M.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Alverson, G.; Barberis, E.; Boeriu, O.; Eulisse, G.; Govi, G.; McCauley, T.; Musienko, Y.; Muzaffar, S.; Osborne, I.; Paul, T.; Reucroft, S.; Swain, J.; Taylor, L.; Tuura, L.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Anastassov, A.; Gobbi, B.; Kubik, A.; Ofierzynski, R. A.; Pozdnyakov, A.; Schmitt, M.; Stoynev, S.; Velasco, M.; Won, S.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. [Antonelli, L.; Berry, D.; Hildreth, M.; Jessop, C.; Karmgard, D. J.; Kolberg, T.; Lannon, K.; Lynch, S.; Marinelli, N.; Morse, D. M.; Ruchti, R.; Slaunwhite, J.; Warchol, J.; Wayne, M.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Bylsma, B.; Durkin, L. S.; Gilmore, J.; Gu, J.; Killewald, P.; Ling, T. Y.; Williams, G.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Adam, N.; Berry, E.; Elmer, P.; Garmash, A.; Gerbaudo, D.; Halyo, V.; Hunt, A.; Jones, J.; Laird, E.; Marlow, D.; Medvedeva, T.; Mooney, M.; Olsen, J.; Piroue, P.; Stickland, D.; Tully, C.; Werner, J. S.; Wildish, T.; Xie, Z.; Zuranski, A.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Acosta, J. G.; Del Alamo, M. Bonnett; Huang, X. T.; Lopez, A.; Mendez, H.; Oliveros, S.; Vargas, J. E. Ramirez; Santacruz, N.; Zatzerklyany, A.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Alagoz, E.; Antillon, E.; Barnes, V. E.; Bolla, G.; Bortoletto, D.; Everett, A.; Garfinkel, A. F.; Gecse, Z.; Gutay, L.; Ippolito, N.; Jones, M.; Koybasi, O.; Laasanen, A. T.; Leonardo, N.; Liu, C.; Maroussov, V.; Merkel, P.; Miller, D. H.; Neumeister, N.; Sedov, A.; Shipsey, I.; Yoo, H. D.; Zheng, Y.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jindal, P.; Parashar, N.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, LA USA. [Cuplov, V.; Ecklund, K. M.; Geurts, F. J. M.; Liu, J. H.; Maronde, D.; Matveev, M.; Padley, B. P.; Redjimi, R.; Roberts, J.; Sabbatini, L.; Tumanov, A.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX USA. [Betchart, B.; Bodek, A.; Budd, H.; Chung, Y. S.; de Barbaro, P.; Demina, R.; Flacher, H.; Gotra, Y.; Harel, A.; Korjenevski, S.; Miner, D. C.; Orbaker, D.; Petrillo, G.; Vishnevskiy, D.; Zielinski, M.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Bhatti, A.; Demortier, L.; Goulianos, K.; Hatakeyama, K.; Lungu, G.; Mesropian, C.; Yan, M.] Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Atramentov, O.; Bartz, E.; Gershtein, Y.; Halkiadakis, E.; Hits, D.; Lath, A.; Rose, K.; Schnetzer, S.; Somalwar, S.; Stone, R.; Thomas, S.; Watts, T. L.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Cerizza, G.; Hollingsworth, M.; Spanier, S.; Yang, Z. C.; York, A.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [Gilmore, J.; Asaadi, J.; Aurisano, A.; Eusebi, R.; Golyash, A.; Gurrola, A.; Kamon, T.; Nguyen, C. N.; Pivarski, J.; Safonov, A.; Sengupta, S.; Toback, D.; Weinberger, M.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. 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[Di Vincenzo, S.] Alstom Contracting, Geneva, Switzerland. [Rolandi, G.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Pisa, Italy. [Rolandi, G.] Scuola Normale, Pisa, Italy. [Sogut, K.] Mersin Univ, Mersin, Turkey. [Demir, D.] Izmir Inst Technol, Izmir, Turkey. [Kaya, M.; Kaya, O.] Kafkas Univ, Kars, Turkey. [Ozkorucuklu, S.] Suleyman Demirel Univ, TR-32200 Isparta, Turkey. [Sonmez, N.] Ege Univ, Izmir, Turkey. [Cankocak, K.] Istanbul Tech Univ, TR-80626 Istanbul, Turkey. RP Chatrchyan, S (reprint author), Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. 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Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Varela, Joao/0000-0003-2613-3146; Jun, Soon Yung/0000-0003-3370-6109; Toback, David/0000-0003-3457-4144; Mackay, Catherine/0000-0003-4252-6740; HSIUNG, YEE/0000-0003-4801-1238; Bonnett Del Alamo, Miguel Reinaldo/0000-0002-1011-8411; Faccioli, Pietro/0000-0003-1849-6692; Goldstein, Joel/0000-0003-1591-6014; Korenkov, Vladimir/0000-0002-2342-7862; Heath, Helen/0000-0001-6576-9740; Giubilato, Piero/0000-0003-4358-5355; Gallinaro, Michele/0000-0003-1261-2277; Tabarelli de Fatis, Tommaso/0000-0001-6262-4685; Zabolotny, Wojciech/0000-0002-6833-4846; Lenzi, Piergiulio/0000-0002-6927-8807; Gutsche, Oliver/0000-0002-8015-9622; Torassa, Ezio/0000-0003-2321-0599; Luukka, Panja/0000-0003-2340-4641; Sogut, Kenan/0000-0002-9682-2855; Dharmaraatna, Welathantri/0000-0002-6366-837X FU FMSR (Austria); FNRS, Belgium; FWO, Belgium; CNPq, Brazil; CAPES, Brazil; FAPERJ, Brazil; FAPESP, Brazil; MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, China; MoST, China; NSFC, China; COLCIEN-CIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); Academy of Sciences, Estonia; Academy of Finland, Finland; ME, Finland; HIP, Finland; CEA, France; CNRS/IN2P3, France; BMBF, Germany; DFG, Germany; HGF, Germany; GSRT (Greece); OTKA, Hungary; NKTH, Hungary; DAE, India; DST, India; IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, Mexico; CONACYT, Mexico; SEP, Mexico; UASLP-FAI, Mexico; PAEC (Pakistan); SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia); JINR (Belarus); JINR (Georgia); JINR (Ukraine); JINR (Uzbekistan); MST, Russia; MAE, Russia; MSTDS (Serbia); MICINN, Spain; CPAN, Spain; Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK, Turkey; TAEK, Turkey; STFC (United Kingdom); DOE, USA; NSF, USA; European Union; Leventis Foundation; A. P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; NICPB, Estonia FX We thank the technical and administrative staff at CERN and other CMS Institutes, and acknowledge support from: FMSR (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIEN-CIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); Academy of Sciences and NICPB (Estonia); Academy of Finland, ME, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MST and MAE (Russia); MSTDS (Serbia); MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie IEF program (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. NR 42 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 48 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 5 AR T03006 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/5/03/T03006 PG 44 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 716MM UT WOS:000286973300001 ER PT J AU Chatrchyan, S Khachatryan, V Sirunyan, AM Adam, W Arnold, B Bergauer, H Bergauer, T Dragicevic, M Eichberger, M Ero, J Friedl, M Fruhwirth, R Ghete, VM Hammer, J Hansel, S Hoch, M Hormann, N Hrubec, J Jeitler, M Kasieczka, G Kastner, K Krammer, M Liko, D de Abril, IM Mikulec, I Mittermayr, F Neuherz, B Oberegger, M Padrta, M Pernicka, M Rohringer, H Schmid, S Schofbeck, R Schreiner, T Stark, R Steininger, H Strauss, J Taurok, A Teischinger, F Themel, T Uhl, D Wagner, P Waltenberger, W Walzel, G Widl, E Wulz, CE Chekhovsky, V Dvornikov, O Emeliantchik, I Litomin, A Makarenko, V Marfin, I Mossolov, V Shumeiko, N Solin, A Stefanovitch, R Gonzalez, JS Tikhonov, A Fedorov, A Karneyeu, A Korzhik, M Panov, V Zuyeuski, R Kuchinsky, P Beaumont, W Benucci, L Cardaci, M De Wolf, EA Delmeire, E Druzhkin, D Hashemi, M 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