FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Potamianos, K AF Potamianos, Karolos GP SISSA TI Combination of Standard Model Higgs searches at CDF SO 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (ICHEP 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference of High Energy Physics (ICHEP) CY JUL 22-28, 2010 CL Paris, FRANCE AB We present the latest combination of searches for a standard model (SM) Higgs boson in p (p) over bar collisions at root s = 1 : 96 TeV recorded by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. Using data corresponding to 2.3-5.9 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity, we perform searches in a number of different production and decay modes and then combine them to improve sensitivity. No excess in data above that expected from backgrounds is observed; therefore, we set upper limits on the production cross section times branching fraction as a function of the SM Higgs boson mass (m(H)). The combined observed (expected) limit is 1.9 (1.8) times the SM prediction at m(H) = 115 GeV/c(2) and 1.0 (1.1) times the SM prediction at m(H) = 165 GeV/c(2). C1 [Potamianos, Karolos] Purdue Univ, Fermilab, Batavia, IL USA. RP Potamianos, K (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Fermilab, Batavia, IL USA. EM karolos@fnal.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCUOLA INT SUPERIORE STUDI AVANZATI-SISSA PI TRIESTE PA VIA BONOMEA, 265, TRIESTE, 34136, ITALY PY 2010 AR UNSP 073 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG7ZH UT WOS:000392111500064 ER PT J AU Pretz, J Westerhoff, S AF Pretz, John Westerhoff, Stefan GP SISSA TI Recent Results from Milagro and Prospects for HAWC SO 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (ICHEP 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference of High Energy Physics (ICHEP) CY JUL 22-28, 2010 CL Paris, FRANCE ID GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; GALACTIC PLANE; DISCOVERY AB The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory is a new experiment for observing 50 GeV to 100 TeV photons from high energy gamma ray sources. The experiment is under construction at Sierra Negra, Mexico and will be comprised of 300 large water tanks instrumenting an area of 150x150 meters. HAWC is the next generation of the Milagro experiment which measured multi-TeV emission from the Galactic plane resolving sources and measuring diffuse emission. HAWC will feature approximately 15 times the sensitivity of the Milagro experiment and will be used to measure and constrain particle acceleration in the Galaxy. C1 [Pretz, John] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Westerhoff, Stefan] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Pretz, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM jpretz@lanl.gov; westerhoff@physics.wisc.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCUOLA INT SUPERIORE STUDI AVANZATI-SISSA PI TRIESTE PA VIA BONOMEA, 265, TRIESTE, 34136, ITALY PY 2010 AR UNSP 450 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG7ZH UT WOS:000392111500381 ER PT J AU Prokudin, A AF Prokudin, A. GP SISSA TI Spin Structure of the Proton and Transverse Momentum Dependent distributions SO 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (ICHEP 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference of High Energy Physics (ICHEP) CY JUL 22-28, 2010 CL Paris, FRANCE ID SINGLE-SPIN; ASYMMETRIES; FRAGMENTATION; SCATTERING AB Transverse Momentum Dependent Distributions (TMDs) describe the spin structure of the proton. At leading twist spin structure of spin-1/2 hadron can be described by 8 TMDs. TMDs reveal three-dimensional distribution of partons inside polarised nucleon. Experimentally these functions can be studied in polarised experiments using Spin Asymmetries in particular Single Spin Asymmetries (SSAs). We discuss transversity that measures distribution of transversely polarised quarks in a transversely polarised nucleon and Sivers distribution function that describes distribution of unpolarised quarks in a transversely polarised nucleon. C1 [Prokudin, A.] Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Prokudin, A (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM prokudin@jlab.org NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCUOLA INT SUPERIORE STUDI AVANZATI-SISSA PI TRIESTE PA VIA BONOMEA, 265, TRIESTE, 34136, ITALY PY 2010 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG7ZH UT WOS:000392111500144 ER PT J AU Renner, DB Feng, X Jansen, K Petschlies, M AF Renner, Dru B. Feng, Xu Jansen, Karl Petschlies, Marcus GP SISSA TI Leading-order hadronic contribution to g-2 from lattice QCD SO 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (ICHEP 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference of High Energy Physics (ICHEP) CY JUL 22-28, 2010 CL Paris, FRANCE AB We calculate the leading-order hadronic correction to the anomalous magnetic moments of each of the three charged leptons in the Standard Model: the electron, muon and tau. Working in two-flavor lattice QCD, we address essentially all sources of systematic error: lattice artifacts, finite-size effects, quark-mass extrapolation, momentum extrapolation and disconnected diagrams. The most significant remaining systematic error, the exclusion of the strange and charm quark contributions, will be addressed in our four-flavor calculation. We achieve a statistical accuracy of 2% or better for the physical values for each of the three leptons and the systematic errors are at most comparable. C1 [Renner, Dru B.; Feng, Xu; Jansen, Karl] DESY, NIC, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Feng, Xu] Univ Munster, Inst Theoret Phys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [Petschlies, Marcus] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Renner, DB (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM dru@jlab.org FU DFG [Sonderforschungsbereich/Transregio SFB/TR903, Mu 757/13]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23177] FX We are grateful to the John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), the Mich Supercomputing Center and the DESY Zeuthen Computing Center for their computing resources and support. This work has been supported in part by the DFG Sonderforschungsbereich/Transregio SFB/TR903, the DFG project Mu 757/13 and the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCUOLA INT SUPERIORE STUDI AVANZATI-SISSA PI TRIESTE PA VIA BONOMEA, 265, TRIESTE, 34136, ITALY PY 2010 AR UNSP 371 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG7ZH UT WOS:000392111500315 ER PT J AU Snyder, S AF Snyder, Scott CA ATLAS Collaboration GP SISSA TI Electron and Photon Performance and Electron p(T) Spectrum Measurement with ATLAS in pp Collisions at root s=7 TeV SO 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (ICHEP 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference of High Energy Physics (ICHEP) CY JUL 22-28, 2010 CL Paris, FRANCE AB We discuss the early performance of the reconstruction of electrons and photons at ATLAS with a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. Using a data sample of about 15 nb(-1), we present a measurement of the transverse momentum distribution of inclusive electrons, as well as an observation of prompt photons and a measurement of the purity of this sample. We also demonstrate the reconstruction of J/psi mesons with a data sample of 78 nb (-1). C1 [Snyder, Scott; ATLAS Collaboration] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Snyder, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM snyder@bnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-ACO298C71110886] FX This work is supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-ACO298C71110886 with Brookhaven National Laboratory. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCUOLA INT SUPERIORE STUDI AVANZATI-SISSA PI TRIESTE PA VIA BONOMEA, 265, TRIESTE, 34136, ITALY PY 2010 AR UNSP 024 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG7ZH UT WOS:000392111500022 ER PT J AU Tricomi, A Adriani, O Bonechi, L Bongi, M Castellini, G D'Alessandro, R Fukatsu, K Hagenauer, M Itow, Y Kasahara, K Kawade, K Macina, D Mase, T Masuda, K Matsubara, Y Menjo, H Mitsuka, G Muraki, Y Nakai, M Noda, K Papini, P Perrot, AL Ricciarini, S Sako, T Suzuki, K Suzuki, T Shimizu, Y Taki, K Tamura, T Torii, S Turner, WC Yoshida, K AF Tricomi, A. Adriani, O. Bonechi, L. Bongi, M. Castellini, G. D'Alessandro, R. Fukatsu, K. Hagenauer, M. Itow, Y. Kasahara, K. Kawade, K. Macina, D. Mase, T. Masuda, K. Matsubara, Y. Menjo, H. Mitsuka, G. Muraki, Y. Nakai, M. Noda, K. Papini, P. Perrot, A. L. Ricciarini, S. Sako, T. Suzuki, K. Suzuki, T. Shimizu, Y. Taki, K. Tamura, T. Torii, S. Turner, W. C. Yoshida, K. GP SISSA TI Early Physics Results of the LHCf Experiment SO 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (ICHEP 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference of High Energy Physics (ICHEP) CY JUL 22-28, 2010 CL Paris, FRANCE AB The LHCf experiment at LHC has been designed to calibrate the hadron interaction models used in High Energy Cosmic Ray (HECR) Physics through the measurement of the forward neutral particle produced in p-p interaction. The uncertainty caused by the poor knowledge of the interaction between very high energy primary cosmic ray and the earth's atmosphere prevents the precise deduction of astrophysical parameters from the observational data those causing the most important source of systematic error in HECR dedicated experiments. A calibration of the energy scale in the 10(15) divided by 10(17) eV energy range accessible to LHC provides crucial input for a better interpretation of primary cosmic ray properties. In this paper, the status of the LHCf experiment with special emphasis to the first Physics results is discussed. C1 [Tricomi, A.] Univ Catania, Catania, Italy. [Tricomi, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Catania, Italy. [Adriani, O.; D'Alessandro, R.] Univ Firenze, Florence, Italy. [Adriani, O.; Bonechi, L.; Bongi, M.; Castellini, G.; D'Alessandro, R.; Menjo, H.; Papini, P.; Ricciarini, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Florence, Italy. [Castellini, G.] CNR, IFAC, Florence, Italy. [Fukatsu, K.; Itow, Y.; Kawade, K.; Mase, T.; Masuda, K.; Matsubara, Y.; Mitsuka, G.; Noda, K.; Sako, T.; Suzuki, K.; Taki, K.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terrestrial Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Hagenauer, M.] Ecole Polytech, Paris, France. [Kasahara, K.; Nakai, M.; Suzuki, T.; Torii, S.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Tokyo, Japan. [Macina, D.; Perrot, A. L.] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Muraki, Y.] Konan Univ, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. [Shimizu, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. [Tamura, T.] Kanagawa Univ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Turner, W. C.] LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. [Yoshida, K.] Shibaura Inst Technol, Saitama, Japan. RP Tricomi, A (reprint author), Univ Catania, Catania, Italy. EM alessia.tricomi@ct.infn.it; lhcf_all@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SCUOLA INT SUPERIORE STUDI AVANZATI-SISSA PI TRIESTE PA VIA BONOMEA, 265, TRIESTE, 34136, ITALY PY 2010 AR UNSP 026 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG7ZH UT WOS:000392111500024 ER PT J AU Vellidis, C AF Vellidis, Costas GP SISSA TI Direct Photon Results from Tevatron SO 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (ICHEP 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference of High Energy Physics (ICHEP) CY JUL 22-28, 2010 CL Paris, FRANCE ID PAIR PRODUCTION; COLLISIONS AB This article presents recent measurements of differential cross sections for single and double direct photon production from the CDF and D0 experiments running at the Tevatron. For single photon production, results are shown for both the inclusive and the exclusive production in association with jets. Comparisons of the measurements with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations show good agreement for the inclusive single photon production at high energies and for the diphoton production in the range of kinematics relevant to Higgs searches. The agreement is poor at kinematic regions where soft gluon interactions and fragmentations are important. For the exclusive single photon production the agreement is generally poor. C1 [Vellidis, Costas] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Vellidis, C (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM vellidis@fnal.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCUOLA INT SUPERIORE STUDI AVANZATI-SISSA PI TRIESTE PA VIA BONOMEA, 265, TRIESTE, 34136, ITALY PY 2010 AR UNSP 124 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG7ZH UT WOS:000392111500102 ER PT J AU Venugopalan, R AF Venugopalan, Raju GP SISSA TI From many body wee partons dynamics to perfect fluid: a standard model for heavy ion collisions SO 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (ICHEP 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference of High Energy Physics (ICHEP) CY JUL 22-28, 2010 CL Paris, FRANCE ID COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; NONLINEAR GLUON EVOLUTION; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; HADRON-PRODUCTION; PLASMA; QCD; FLUCTUATIONS; SCATTERING; EXPANSION; MOMENTUM AB We discuss a standard model of heavy ion collisions that has emerged both from experimental results of the RHIC program and associated theoretical developments. We comment briefly on the impact of early results of the LHC program on this picture. We consider how this standard model of heavy ion collisions could be solidified or falsified in future experiments at RHIC, the LHC and a future Electro-Ion Collider. C1 [Venugopalan, Raju] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Bldg 510A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Venugopalan, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Bldg 510A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM raju@bnl.gov FU US Department of Energy under DOE [DE-ACO2-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under DOE Contract No.DE-ACO2-98CH10886. NR 112 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCUOLA INT SUPERIORE STUDI AVANZATI-SISSA PI TRIESTE PA VIA BONOMEA, 265, TRIESTE, 34136, ITALY PY 2010 AR UNSP 567 PG 12 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG7ZH UT WOS:000392111500464 ER PT J AU Zenz, S AF Zenz, Seth CA ATLAS Collaboration GP SISSA TI Measurement of Jet Cross Section and Fragmentation of Jets Using Tracks with the ATLAS Detector SO 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (ICHEP 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference of High Energy Physics (ICHEP) CY JUL 22-28, 2010 CL Paris, FRANCE AB Jets are identified and their properties studied using tracks measured by the ATLAS Inner Detector. Events are selected using a minimum-bias trigger, allowing the study of jets at low transverse momentum to be done independently of the calorimeter. Jets are reconstructed using the anti-k(t) algorithm applied to tracks with two parameter choices, 0.4 and 0.6. An inclusive jet transverse momentum cross section measurement from 4 GeV to 80 GeV is shown, integrated over | eta | < 0.57 and corrected to charged particle-level truth jets. The probability that a particular particle carries a given fraction of the jet momentum (fragmentation function) is also measured. Comparison with the models implemented in existing tunings of Monte Carlo event generators with the data indicates reasonable overall agreement between data and Monte Carlo. C1 [Zenz, Seth] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zenz, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM SCZenz@lbl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCUOLA INT SUPERIORE STUDI AVANZATI-SISSA PI TRIESTE PA VIA BONOMEA, 265, TRIESTE, 34136, ITALY PY 2010 AR UNSP 047 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG7ZH UT WOS:000392111500044 ER PT B AU Neil, GR AF Neil, George R. GP IEEE TI Free Electron Lasers- A Historical Perspective SO 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 05-10, 2010 CL Rome, ITALY ID RADIATION AB From their beginnings in the microwave tube industry, free electron lasers have developed into high peak and average power devices with output wavelengths extending from the microwave regime to X-rays. This paper will review that development and point out trends for future advances. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Neil, GR (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6657-3 PY 2010 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTU73 UT WOS:000288130600164 ER PT J AU Reiten, MT Azad, A Chowdhury, DR Taylor, AJ O'Hara, JF AF Reiten, Matthew T. Azad, Abul K. Chowdhury, Dibakar R. Taylor, Antoinette J. O'Hara, John F. GP IEEE TI Multilayer Terahertz Metamaterials: Interactions Between Layers Within the Deep-Subwavelength Limit SO 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ 2010) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 05-10, 2010 CL Rome, ITALY AB Split-ring-resonators (SRR) play a significant role in the design and realization of metamaterials over a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum. In addition to single SRR layers, a number of demonstrations have been carried out to understand the bulk properties of multiple layer structures. Usually, the SRR layers are separated by dielectrics with a layers spacing > lambda(res)/30. We present the effect of layer separations on the fundamental inductive-capacitive (LC) resonances for SRR based metamaterials. We have investigated the effect of layer separations for (i) closed split ring resonator (CSRR), (ii) SRR with their splits oriented in the same direction, and (iii) SRR with their splits oriented in opposite directions. Our results show that separation thickness plays a significant role for the oppositely oriented layers. The LC resonance disappears when the separation between layers is less a micron (similar to lambda(res)/1000) and the composite behaves as a closed ring resonator. However, the separation has a very minimum effect when splits on SRRs are oriented in same direction. C1 [Reiten, Matthew T.; Azad, Abul K.; Chowdhury, Dibakar R.; Taylor, Antoinette J.; O'Hara, John F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reiten, MT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-6657-3 PY 2010 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BTU73 UT WOS:000288130600463 ER PT S AU Shue, CA Gupta, M AF Shue, Craig A. Gupta, Minaxi GP IEEE TI Hiding in Plain Sight: Exploiting Broadcast for Practical Host Anonymity SO 43RD HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS SCIENCES VOLS 1-5 (HICSS 2010) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences (HICSS 2010) CY JAN 05-08, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business AB Users are being tracked on the Internet more than ever before as Web sites and search engines gather pieces of information sufficient to identify and study their behavior. While many existing schemes provide strong an they are inappropriate when high bandwidth and low latency are required. In this work, we explore an anonymity scheme for end hosts whose performance makes it possible to have it always on The scheme leverages the natural grouping of hosts in the same subnet and the universally available broadcast primitive to provide anonymity at line speeds Our scheme is strongly resistant against all active or passive adversaries as long as they are outside the subnet Even within the subnet, our scheme provides reasonable resistance against adversaries, providing anonymity that is suitable for common Internet applications. C1 [Shue, Craig A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gupta, Minaxi] Indiana Univ, Sch Comp & Informat, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Shue, CA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU United States Government [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; United States Department of Energy FX This submission was sponsored by a contractor of the United States Government under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the United States Department of Energy. The United States Government retains, and the publisher, by accepting this submission for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains, a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this submission, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-1-4244-5509-6 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2010 BP 952 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BRD18 UT WOS:000282391801006 ER PT S AU Ulmer, C Bayer, G Choe, YR Roe, D AF Ulmer, Craig Bayer, Greg Choe, Yung Ryn Roe, Diana GP IEEE TI Exploring Data Warehouse Appliances for Mesh Analysis Applications SO 43RD HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS SCIENCES VOLS 1-5 (HICSS 2010) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences (HICSS 2010) CY JAN 05-08, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business AB As scientific computing users migrate to petaflop platforms that promise to generate multi-terabyte datasets, there is a growing need in the community to be able to embed sophisticated data analysis algorithms in the storage systems for the computing platforms Data Warehouse Appliances (DWAs) are an attractive option for this work, due to their ability to process massive datasets efficiently While DWAs have been proven effective in data mining and informatics applications, there are relatively few examples of how DWAs can be integrated into the scientific computing workflow In this paper we present our experiences in adapting two mesh analysis algorithms to function on two different DWAs. a SQL-based Netezza database appliance and a Map/Reduce-based Hadoop cluster The main contribution of this work is insight into the differences between the two platforms' programming environments In addition, we present performance measurements for entry-level DWAs to help provide a first-order comparison of the hardware. C1 [Ulmer, Craig; Bayer, Greg; Choe, Yung Ryn; Roe, Diana] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Ulmer, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. EM cdulmer@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-1-4244-5509-6 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2010 BP 1482 EP 1491 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BRD18 UT WOS:000282391801061 ER PT S AU Yoo, A AF Yoo, Andy GP IEEE TI Scalable Analysis of Massive Graphs on A Parallel Data Flow System SO 43RD HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS SCIENCES VOLS 1-5 (HICSS 2010) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences (HICSS 2010) CY JAN 05-08, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business DE data flow systems; graph algorithms; performance evaluation ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; NETWORKS AB The feasibility of using dataflow systems for running complex graph queries is studied in this paper. A general query optimization framework for parallel dataflow systems is also proposed. The proposed methods are used to optimize a suite of benchmark queries, and their effectiveness is evaluated. The performance of the optimized queries is measured on an actual parallel dataflow machine using a large semantic graph and compared to that of equivalent SQL queries on a high-end parallel relational database system. The study has revealed that dataflow system can achieve significant performance improvement over state-of-art database systems and can be a viable and scalable alternative to run large complex graph queries. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA USA. RP Yoo, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-1-4244-5509-6 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2010 BP 1492 EP 1497 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BRD18 UT WOS:000282391801062 ER PT S AU Zdeborova, L Backhaus, S Chertkov, M AF Zdeborova, Lenka Backhaus, Scott Chertkov, Michael GP IEEE TI Message Passing for Integrating and Assessing Renewable Generation in a Redundant Power Grid SO 43RD HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS SCIENCES VOLS 1-5 (HICSS 2010) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences (HICSS 2010) CY JAN 05-08, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business ID OPTIMIZATION AB A simplified model of a redundant power grid is used to study integration of fluctuating renewable generation The grid consists of large number of generator and consumer nodes The net power consumption is determined by the difference between the puss consumption and the level of renewable generation The gross consumption is drawn from a narrow distribution representing the predictability of aggregated loads, and we consider two different distributions representing wind and solar resources. Each generator is connected to D consumers. and redundancy is built in by connecting R <= D of these consumers to other generators The lines are switchable so that at any instance each consumer is connected to a single generator We explore the capacity of the renewable generation by determining the level of "firm" generation capacity that can be displaced for different levels of redundancy R We also develop message-passing control algorithm for finding switch settings where no generator is overloaded. C1 [Zdeborova, Lenka; Chertkov, Michael] LANL, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Backhaus, Scott] LANL, Div Mat Phys & Applicat, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zdeborova, L (reprint author), LANL, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Backhaus, Scott/F-4285-2012; Zdeborova, Lenka/B-9999-2014; Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015 FU U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC5206NA25396] FX We thank members of LANL study group on Optimization and Control Theory for Smart Grids for many discussions. The work at LANL was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC5206NA25396. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-1-4244-5509-6 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2010 BP 2244 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BRD18 UT WOS:000282391802045 ER PT S AU Ferryman, TA Amidan, BG AF Ferryman, Thomas A. Amidan, Brett G. GP IEEE TI Statistical Analysis of Abnormal Electric Power Grid Behavior SO 43RD HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS SCIENCES VOLS 1-5 (HICSS 2010) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences (HICSS 2010) CY JAN 05-08, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business AB Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is developing a technique to analyze Phasor Measurement Unit data to identify typical patterns, atypical events, and precursors to a blackout or other undesirable event The technique combines data-driven multivariate analyses and engineering-modeling. The method identifies atypical events, provides a plain English description of the event, and gives the capability to use drill-down graphics for detailed investigations. The tool can be applied to the entire grid, individual organizations (e.g., TVA, BPA), or specific substations (e g., TVA_CUMB) The tool is envisioned for (1) event investigations, (2) overnight processing to generate a Morning Report that characterizes activity that has occurred during the previous 10-30 days, and (3) potentially near-real-time operation to support the grid operators. This paper presents the current status of the tool and illustrations of its application to real world PMU data collected in three 10-day periods in 2007. C1 [Ferryman, Thomas A.; Amidan, Brett G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ferryman, TA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM tom.ferryman@pnl.gov; brett.amidan@pnl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-1-4244-5509-6 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2010 BP 2269 EP 2276 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BRD18 UT WOS:000282391802048 ER PT S AU Narvaez, J Endicott-Popovsky, B Seifert, C Aval, C Frincke, DA AF Narvaez, Julia Endicott-Popovsky, Barbara Seifert, Christian Aval, Chiraag Frincke, Deborah A. GP IEEE TI Drive-by-Downloads SO 43RD HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS SCIENCES VOLS 1-5 (HICSS 2010) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences (HICSS 2010) CY JAN 05-08, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business AB Drive-by-downloads are malware that push, and then execute, malicious code on a client system without the user's consent The purpose of this paper is to introduce a discussion of the usefulness of antivirus software for detecting the installation of such malware, providing groundwork for future studies. Client honey-pots collected drive-by malware which was then evaluated using common antivirus products. Initial analysis showed that most of such antivirus products identified less than 70% of these highly polymorphic malware programs. Also, it was observed that the antivirus products tested, even when successfully detecting this malware, often failed to classify it, leading to the conclusion that further work could involve not only developing new behavioral detection technologies, but also empirical studies that improve general understanding of these threats Toward that end, one example of malicious code was analyzed behaviorally to provide insight into next steps for the future direction of this research C1 [Narvaez, Julia; Endicott-Popovsky, Barbara; Aval, Chiraag] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Seifert, Christian] Victoria Univ Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. [Frincke, Deborah A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Narvaez, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM christian.seifert@gmail.com; chiraaga@gmail.com NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-1-4244-5509-6 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2010 BP 2721 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BRD18 UT WOS:000282391802096 ER PT S AU Gorton, I Black, GD Schuchardt, KL Sivaramakrishnan, C Wurstner, SK Hui, P AF Gorton, Ian Black, Gary D. Schuchardt, Karen L. Sivaramakrishnan, Chandrika Wurstner, Signe K. Hui, Peter GP IEEE TI GS3: A Knowledge Management Architecture for Collaborative Geologic Sequestration Modeling SO 43RD HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS SCIENCES VOLS 1-5 (HICSS 2010) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences (HICSS 2010) CY JAN 05-08, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business AB Modern scientific enterprises are inherently knowledge-intensive. In general, scientific studies in domains such as geoscience, chemistry, physics and biology require the acquisition and manipulation of large amounts of experimental and field data in order to create inputs for large-scale computational simulations. The results of these simulations must then be analyzed, leading to refinements of inputs and models and further simulations. In this paper we describe our efforts in creating a knowledge management platform to support collaborative, wide-scale studies in the area of geologic sequestration modeling The platform. known as GS(3) (Geologic Sequestration Software Suite), exploits and integrates off-the-shelf software components including semantic wikis, content management systems and open source middle ware to create the core architecture. We then extend the wiki environment to support the capture of provenance, the ability to incorporate various analysis tools, and the ability to launch simulations on supercomputers. The paper describes the key components of GS(3) and demonstrates its use through illustrative examples We conclude by assessing the suitability of our approach for geologic sequestration modeling and generalization to other scientific problem domains. C1 [Gorton, Ian; Black, Gary D.; Schuchardt, Karen L.; Sivaramakrishnan, Chandrika; Wurstner, Signe K.; Hui, Peter] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gorton, I (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM chandrika.sivaramakrishnan@pnl.gov; signe.wurstner@pnl.gov; peter.hui@pnl.gov RI Gorton, Ian/A-8247-2009 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-1-4244-5509-6 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2010 BP 3378 EP 3387 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BRD18 UT WOS:000282391802162 ER PT S AU Naughton, T Vallee, G Scott, SL Aderholdt, F AF Naughton, Thomas Vallee, Geoffroy Scott, Stephen L. Aderholdt, Ferrol GP IEEE TI Loadable Hypervisor Modules SO 43RD HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS SCIENCES VOLS 1-5 (HICSS 2010) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences (HICSS 2010) CY JAN 05-08, 2010 CL Honolulu, HI SP Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business AB This paper discusses the implementation of a new hypervisor mechanism for loading dynamic shared objects (modules) at runtime. These loadable hypervisor modules (LHM) are modeled after the loadable kernel modules used in Linux. We detail the current LHM implementation based on the Xen hypervisor Potential use cases for this LHM mechanism include dynamic hypervisor instrumentation for debug tracing or performance analysis. We discuss the initial LHM prototype and future plans. C1 [Naughton, Thomas; Vallee, Geoffroy; Scott, Stephen L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Aderholdt, Ferrol] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Cookeville, TN 38501 USA. RP Naughton, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM naughtont@ornl.com; valleegr@ornl.com; scottsl@ornl.com; wfaderhold21@tntech.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-1-4244-5509-6 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2010 BP 4341 EP 4348 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BRD18 UT WOS:000282391803066 ER PT S AU Cano, LA AF Cano, Lester A. BA Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD BF Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD GP IEEE TI Using SysML to Model Complex Systems for Security SO 44TH ANNUAL 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY SE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual 2010 IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 05-08, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE, Chung Shan Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, Natl Cent Univ, Senstar, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Sandia Natl Lab AB As security systems integrate more Information Technology the design of these systems has tended to become more complex. Some of the most difficult issues in designing Complex Security Systems (CSS) are: Capturing Requirements Defining Hardware Interfaces Defining Software Interfaces Integrating Technologies Radio Systems Voice Over IP Systems Situational Awareness Systems C1 Phys Secur Syst Ctr, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Cano, LA (reprint author), Phys Secur Syst Ctr, Sandia Natl Labs, POB 1515, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1071-6572 BN 978-1-4244-7400-4 J9 INT CARN CONF SECU PY 2010 BP 66 EP 70 DI 10.1109/CCST.2010.5678679 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTO44 UT WOS:000287496000010 ER PT S AU Campbell, P Schaefer, M Shakamuri, M AF Campbell, Philip Schaefer, Mark Shakamuri, Mayuri BA Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD BF Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD GP IEEE TI A THREAT-BASED DEFINITION OF IA AND IA-ENABLED PRODUCTS SO 44TH ANNUAL 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY SE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual 2010 IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 05-08, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE, Chung Shan Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, Natl Cent Univ, Senstar, IEEE Aerosp Elect Syst Soc, Sandia Natl Labs DE DoDI 8500.2; IA and IA-enabled products; threat; threat-based model AB This paper proposes a definition of "IA and IA-enabled products" based on threat, as opposed to "security services" (i.e., "confidentiality, authentication, integrity, access control or non-repudiation of data"), as provided by Department of Defense (DoD) Instruction 8500.2, "Information Assurance (IA) Implementation." The DoDI 8500.2 definition is too broad, making it difficult to distinguish products that need higher protection from those that do not. As a consequence the products that need higher protection do not receive it, increasing risk. The threat-based definition proposed in this paper solves those problems by focusing attention on threats, thereby moving beyond compliance to risk management. (DoDI 8500.2 provides the definitions and controls that form the basis for IA across the DoD.) Familiarity with 8500.2 is assumed. C1 [Campbell, Philip; Schaefer, Mark; Shakamuri, Mayuri] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Campbell, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0672, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1071-6572 BN 978-1-4244-7400-4 J9 INT CARN CONF SECU PY 2010 BP 81 EP 84 DI 10.1109/CCST.2010.5678675 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTO44 UT WOS:000287496000012 ER PT S AU McLendon, WC Shead, TM Wilson, A Wylie, B Baumes, J AF McLendon, William C., III Shead, Timothy M. Wilson, Andrew Wylie, Brian Baumes, Jeffrey BA Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD BF Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD GP IEEE TI Network Algorithms for Information Analysis Using the Titan Toolkit SO 44TH ANNUAL 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY SE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual 2010 IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 05-08, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE, Chung Shan Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, Natl Cent Univ, Senstar, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Sandia Natl Lab DE informatics; visualization; graphs; networks; toolkit AB The analysis of networked activities is dramatically more challenging than many traditional kinds of analysis. A network is defined by a set of entities (people, organizations, banks, computers, etc.) linked by various types of relationships. These entities and relationships are often uninteresting alone, and only become significant in aggregate. The analysis and visualization of these networks is one of the driving factors behind the creation of the Titan Toolkit. Given the broad set of problem domains and the wide ranging databases in use by the information analysis community, the Titan Toolkit's flexible, component based pipeline provides an excellent platform for constructing specific combinations of network algorithms and visualizations. (Abstract) C1 [McLendon, William C., III; Shead, Timothy M.; Wilson, Andrew; Wylie, Brian] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Baumes, Jeffrey] Kitware Inc, Clifton Pk, Clinton, NY 12065 USA. RP McLendon, WC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wcmclen@sandia.gov; tshead@sandia.gov; atwilso@sandia.gov; bnwylie@sandia.gov; jeff.baumes@kitware.com NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1071-6572 BN 978-1-4244-7400-4 J9 INT CARN CONF SECU PY 2010 BP 103 EP 111 DI 10.1109/CCST.2010.5678695 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTO44 UT WOS:000287496000015 ER PT S AU Van Leeuwen, B Urias, V Eldridge, J Villamarin, C Olsberg, R AF Van Leeuwen, Brian Urias, Vincent Eldridge, John Villamarin, Charles Olsberg, Ron BA Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD BF Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD GP IEEE TI CYBER SECURITY ANALYSIS TESTBED: COMBINING REAL, EMULATION, AND SIMULATION SO 44TH ANNUAL 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY SE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual 2010 IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 05-08, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE, Chung Shan Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, Natl Cent Univ, Senstar, IEEE Aerosp Elect Syst Soc, Sandia Natl Labs AB Cyber security analysis tools are necessary to evaluate the security, reliability, and resilience of networked information systems against cyber attack. It is common practice in modern cyber security analysis to separately utilize real systems of computers, routers, switches, firewalls, computer emulations (e. g., virtual machines) and simulation models to analyze the interplay between cyber threats and safeguards. In contrast, Sandia National Laboratories has developed novel methods to combine these evaluation platforms into a hybrid testbed that combines real, emulated, and simulated components. The combination of real, emulated, and simulated components enables the analysis of security features and components of a networked information system. When performing cyber security analysis on a system of interest, it is critical to realistically represent the subject security components in high fidelity. In some experiments, the security component may be the actual hardware and software with all the surrounding components represented in simulation or with surrogate devices. Sandia National Laboratories has developed a cyber testbed that combines modeling and simulation capabilities with virtual machines and real devices to represent, in varying fidelity, secure networked information system architectures and devices. Using this capability, secure networked information system architectures can be represented in our testbed on a single, unified computing platform. This provides an "experiment-in-a-box" capability. The result is rapidly-produced, large-scale, relatively low-cost, multi-fidelity representations of networked information systems. These representations enable analysts to quickly investigate cyber threats and test protection approaches and configurations. C1 [Van Leeuwen, Brian; Urias, Vincent; Eldridge, John; Villamarin, Charles; Olsberg, Ron] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Van Leeuwen, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bpvanle@sandia.gov; veuria@sandia.gov; jmeldri@sandia.gov; chvilla@sandia.gov; rrolsbe@sandia.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1071-6572 BN 978-1-4244-7400-4 J9 INT CARN CONF SECU PY 2010 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1109/CCST.2010.5678720 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTO44 UT WOS:000287496000017 ER PT S AU Lin, H Ross, M Mack, T AF Lin, Han Ross, Michael Mack, Thomas BA Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD BF Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD GP IEEE TI Design of a Physical Security Perimeter Fencing System SO 44TH ANNUAL 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY SE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual 2010 IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 05-08, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE, Chung Shan Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, Natl Cent Univ, Senstar, IEEE Aerosp Elect Syst Soc, Sandia Natl Labs DE Intrusion Detection; Physical Security; Perimeter AB Design of a physical security perimeter fencing system requires that security designers provide effective detection, delay, and response functionalities with minimal nuisance alarms. In addition, the designers must take into considerations the security fence system life cycle cost (equipment and grounds maintenance), complexity of the terrain, safety, and environmental conditions (location of where the security fence will be installed). Often, these factors drive the security designers to design a perimeter intrusion detection and assessment system (PIDAS) that includes: 1) larger than desired footprint, 2) one or more animal control fences to minimize the nuisance alarm rate (NAR), and 3) clear zones and an isolation zone to facilitate intrusion detection and assessment by keeping the fence lines clear of vegetation, trash, and other objects that could impede the security system's performance. This paper presents a two-tier PIDAS design that focuses on effective performance specifically in high probability of detection and low NAR that minimizes cost and the footprint of the system. C1 [Lin, Han; Ross, Michael; Mack, Thomas] USN, Phys Secur Dept, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Lin, H (reprint author), USN, Phys Secur Dept, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. EM hwlin@sandia.gov; mpross@sandia.gov; tkmack@sandia.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1071-6572 BN 978-1-4244-7400-4 J9 INT CARN CONF SECU PY 2010 BP 205 EP 210 DI 10.1109/CCST.2010.5678719 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTO44 UT WOS:000287496000030 ER PT S AU Scharmer, C Trujillo, D AF Scharmer, Carol Trujillo, David BA Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD BF Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD GP IEEE TI Design, Implementation and Migration of Security Systems as an Extreme Project SO 44TH ANNUAL 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY SE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual 2010 IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 05-08, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE, Chung Shan Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, Natl Cent Univ, Senstar, IEEE Aerosp Elect Syst Soc, Sandia Natl Labs DE Extreme Project; Project Management; security system implementation; resources; agile project AB Decision Trees, algorithms, software code, risk management, reports, plans, drawings, change control, presentations, and analysis-all useful tools and efforts but time consuming, resource intensive, and potentially costly for projects that have absolute schedule and budget constraints. What are necessary and prudent efforts when a customer calls with a major security problem that needs to be fixed with a proven, off-the-approval-list, multi-layered integrated system with high visibility and limited funding and expires at the end of the Fiscal Year? Whether driven by budget cycles, safety, or by management decree, many such projects begin with generic scopes and funding allocated based on a rapid management "guestimate." Then a Project Manager (PM) is assigned a project with a predefined and potentially limited scope, compressed schedule, and potentially insufficient funding. The PM is tasked to rapidly and cost effectively coordinate a requirements-based design, implementation, test, and turnover of a fully operational system to the customer, all while the customer is operating and maintaining an existing security system. Many project management manuals call this an impossible project that should not be attempted. However, security is serious business and the reality is that rapid deployment of proven systems via an "Extreme Project" is sometimes necessary. Extreme Projects can be wildly successful but require a dedicated team of security professionals lead by an experienced project manager using a highly-tailored and agile project management process with management support at all levels, all combined with significant interface with the customer. This paper does not advocate such projects or condone eliminating the valuable analysis and project management techniques. Indeed, having worked on a well-planned project provides the basis for experienced team members to complete Extreme Projects. This paper does, however, provide insight into what it takes for projects to be successfully implemented and accepted when completed under extreme conditions. C1 [Scharmer, Carol; Trujillo, David] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Scharmer, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1071-6572 BN 978-1-4244-7400-4 J9 INT CARN CONF SECU PY 2010 BP 211 EP 217 DI 10.1109/CCST.2010.5678718 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTO44 UT WOS:000287496000031 ER PT S AU Trujillo, D Scharmer, C AF Trujillo, David Scharmer, Carol BA Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD BF Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD GP IEEE TI Use of a Hybrid Technology in a Critical Security System SO 44TH ANNUAL 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY SE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual 2010 IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 05-08, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE, Chung Shan Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, Natl Cent Univ, Senstar, IEEE Aerosp Elect Syst Soc, Sandia Natl Labs AB Assigning an acceptable level of power reliability in a security system environment requires a methodical approach to design when considering the alternatives tied to the reliability and life of the system. The downtime for a piece of equipment, be it for failure, routine maintenance, replacement, or refurbishment or connection of new equipment is a major factor in determining the reliability of the overall system. In addition to these factors is the condition where the system is static or dynamic in its growth. Most highly reliable security power source systems are supplied by utility power with uninterruptable power source (UPS) and generator backup. The combination of UPS and generator backup with a reliable utility typically provides full compliance to security requirements. In the energy market and from government agencies, there is growing pressure to utilize alternative sources of energy other than fossil fuel to increase the number of local generating systems to reduce dependence on remote generating stations and cut down on carbon effects to the environment. There are also conditions where a security system may be limited on functionality due to lack of utility power in remote locations. One alternative energy source is a renewable energy hybrid system including a photovoltaic or solar system with battery bank and backup generator set. This is a viable source of energy in the residential and commercial markets where energy management schemes can be incorporated and systems are monitored and maintained regularly. But, the reliability of this source could be considered diminished when considering the security system environment where stringent uptime requirements are required. C1 [Trujillo, David; Scharmer, Carol] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Trujillo, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1071-6572 BN 978-1-4244-7400-4 J9 INT CARN CONF SECU PY 2010 BP 221 EP 229 DI 10.1109/CCST.2010.5678671 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTO44 UT WOS:000287496000033 ER PT S AU Connell, JC Norman, BC AF Connell, Jack C. Norman, Bradley C. BA Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD BF Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD GP IEEE TI Video Performance for High Security Applications SO 44TH ANNUAL 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY SE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual 2010 IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 05-08, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE, Chung Shan Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, Natl Cent Univ, Senstar, IEEE Aerosp Elect Syst Soc, Sandia Natl Labs DE Video system design; physical protection system AB The complexity of physical protection systems has increased to address modern threats to national security and emerging commercial technologies. A key element of modern physical protection systems is the data presented to the human operator used for rapid determination of the cause of an alarm, whether false (e.g., caused by an animal, debris, etc.) or real (e.g., a human adversary). Alarm assessment (the human validation of a sensor alarm) primarily relies on imaging technologies and video systems. Developing measures of effectiveness (MOE) that drive the design or evaluation of a video system or technology becomes a challenge, given the subjectivity of the application (e.g., alarm assessment). Sandia National Laboratories has conducted empirical analysis using field test data and mathematical models such as binomial distribution and Johnson target transfer functions to develop MOEs for video system technologies. Depending on the technology, the task of the security operator and the distance to the target, the Probability of Assessment (P(As)) can be determined as a function of a variety of conditions or assumptions. P(As) used as an MOE allows the systems engineer to conduct trade studies, make informed design decisions, or evaluate new higher-risk technologies. This paper outlines general video system design trade-offs, discusses ways video can be used to increase system performance, and lists MOEs for video systems used in subjective applications such as alarm assessment. C1 [Connell, Jack C.; Norman, Bradley C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Connell, JC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-0780, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1071-6572 BN 978-1-4244-7400-4 J9 INT CARN CONF SECU PY 2010 BP 230 EP 236 DI 10.1109/CCST.2010.5678672 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTO44 UT WOS:000287496000034 ER PT S AU Wyss, GD Clem, JF Darby, JL Dunphy-Guzman, K Hinton, JP Mitchiner, KW AF Wyss, Gregory D. Clem, John F. Darby, John L. Dunphy-Guzman, Katherine Hinton, John P. Mitchiner, Kim W. BA Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD BF Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD GP IEEE TI Risk-Based Cost-Benefit Analysis for Security Assessment Problems SO 44TH ANNUAL 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY SE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual 2010 IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 05-08, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE, Chung Shan Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, Natl Cent Univ, Senstar, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Sandia Natl Lab DE Security risk; risk management; cost-benefit optimization AB Decision-makers want to perform risk-based cost-benefit prioritization of security investments. However, strong nonlinearities in the most common physical security performance metric make it difficult to use for cost-benefit analysis. This paper extends the definition of risk for security applications and embodies this definition in a new but related security risk metric based on the degree of difficulty an adversary will encounter to successfully execute the most advantageous attack scenario. This metric is compatible with traditional cost-benefit optimization algorithms, and can lead to an objective risk-based cost-benefit method for security investment option prioritization. It also enables decision-makers to more effectively communicate the justification for their investment decisions with stakeholders and funding authorities. C1 [Wyss, Gregory D.; Clem, John F.; Darby, John L.; Mitchiner, Kim W.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Dunphy-Guzman, Katherine; Hinton, John P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wyss, GD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; [SAND2010-5095C] FX This work is being performed under the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Sandia National Laboratories. The authors are grateful for this support. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This paper is approved for unlimited release as SAND2010-5095C. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1071-6572 BN 978-1-4244-7400-4 J9 INT CARN CONF SECU PY 2010 BP 286 EP 295 DI 10.1109/CCST.2010.5678687 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTO44 UT WOS:000287496000041 ER PT S AU Rao, E Nestor, J Pillai, R AF Rao, Ed Nestor, John Pillai, Rekha BA Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD BF Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD GP IEEE TI Application of Enterprise Modeling and Analysis to the Transportation Security Administration's Air Cargo Security Cost Estimation Project SO 44TH ANNUAL 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY SE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual 2010 IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 05-08, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE, Chung Shan Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, Natl Cent Univ, Senstar, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Sandia Natl Lab DE Enterprize Model Architecture; Modeling; Optimization Model; Simulation Model; Life Cycle Model; Cost Estimating AB The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 crystallized public awareness and concern over issues of aviation security. As the nation has brought greater levels of inspection and other security measures to bear on passengers and baggage, concerns have mounted that air cargo will become vulnerable to delivering explosive threats to aircraft. In the "9/11" bill, Congress mandated TSA to screen 50% of air cargo on passenger-carrying aircraft by February 2009 and 100% by August 2010. Therefore, TSA will eliminate all exemptions to screening cargo, resulting in an increased amount of cargo subject to mandatory screening. Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL's) Enterprise Modeling and Analysis (EMA) tool is being used to help TSA meet its air cargo screening mandates. ORNL is developing defensible cost estimates for implementing optimal screening systems at the top ten passenger airports and top five all-cargo airports. EMA is used to determine optimal screening strategies (maximum affinity, minimum cost) and to estimate life-cycle costs. This paper details the EMA framework and its integrated optimization-and lifecycle-based modeling approach. The EMA system balances security system effectiveness and costs driven by local air cargo mix, priority, volume, and packaging and consolidation configurations and infrastructure, operations, and business constraints. C1 [Rao, Ed; Nestor, John] Transportat Secur Adm, 601 S 12th St, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Pillai, Rekha] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rao, E (reprint author), Transportat Secur Adm, 601 S 12th St, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1071-6572 BN 978-1-4244-7400-4 J9 INT CARN CONF SECU PY 2010 BP 310 EP 317 DI 10.1109/CCST.2010.5678734 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTO44 UT WOS:000287496000044 ER PT S AU Witzke, EL AF Witzke, Edward L. BA Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD BF Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD GP IEEE TI Potential Uses of a Wireless Network in Physical Security Systems SO 44TH ANNUAL 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY SE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual 2010 IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 05-08, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE, Chung Shan Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, Natl Cent Univ, Senstar, IEEE Aerosp Elect Syst Soc, Sandia Natl Labs DE Wireless Networks; Situational Awareness; Network Applications; Physical Security Systems ID CHANNEL AB Many possible applications requiring or benefiting from a wireless network are available for bolstering physical security and awareness at high security installations or facilities. These enhancements are not always straightforward and may require careful analysis, selection, tuning, and implementation of wireless technologies. In this paper, an introduction to wireless networks and the task of enhancing physical security is first given. Next, numerous applications of a wireless network are brought forth. The technical issues that arise when using a wireless network to support these applications are then discussed. Finally, a summary is presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Witzke, EL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM elwitzk@sandia.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1071-6572 BN 978-1-4244-7400-4 J9 INT CARN CONF SECU PY 2010 BP 351 EP 356 DI 10.1109/CCST.2010.5678688 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTO44 UT WOS:000287496000050 ER PT S AU Koch, MW Fogler, RJ Nguyen, HD Giron, C Yee, ML AF Koch, Mark W. Fogler, R. Joe Nguyen, Hung D. Giron, Casey Yee, Mark L. BA Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD BF Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD GP IEEE TI Automatic Recognition of Malicious Intent Indicators SO 44TH ANNUAL 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY SE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual 2010 IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 05-08, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE, Chung Shan Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, Natl Cent Univ, Senstar, IEEE Aerosp Elect Syst Soc, Sandia Natl Labs AB A major goal of next-generation physical protection systems is to extend defenses far beyond the usual outer-perimeter-fence boundaries surrounding protected facilities. Mitigation of nuisance alarms is among the highest priorities. A solution to this problem is to create a robust capability to Automatically Recognize Malicious Indicators of intruders. In extended defense applications, it is not enough to distinguish humans from all other potential alarm sources as human activity can be a common occurrence outside perimeter boundaries. Out approach is unique in that it employs a stimulus to determine a malicious intent indicator for the intruder. The intruder's response to the stimulus can be used in an automatic reasoning system to decide the intruder's intent. C1 [Koch, Mark W.; Fogler, R. Joe; Nguyen, Hung D.; Giron, Casey; Yee, Mark L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Koch, MW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM Mark.Koch@sandia.gov; Robert.Fogler@sandia.gov; Hung.Nguyen@sandia.gov; Casey.Giron@sandia.gov; Mark.Yee@sandia.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1071-6572 BN 978-1-4244-7400-4 J9 INT CARN CONF SECU PY 2010 BP 375 EP 380 DI 10.1109/CCST.2010.5678731 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTO44 UT WOS:000287496000054 ER PT S AU Murray, DW AF Murray, Dale W. BA Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD BF Pritchard, DA Sanson, LD GP IEEE TI Unproven Screening Devices Threaten the Lives of Police and Military SO 44TH ANNUAL 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY SE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual 2010 IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 05-08, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE, Chung Shan Inst, Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, Natl Cent Univ, Senstar, IEEE Aerosp Elect Syst Soc, Sandia Natl Labs AB In a world plagued with improvised explosive devices, drugs and dangerous people, the desire to field technology to protect our police and military is providing a fertile market for the proliferation of protection technologies that range from the unproven to the disproven. The market place is currently being flooded with detection equipment making inflated and inaccurate marketing claims of high reliably, high detection probabilities, and ease of operation-all while offering detection capabilities at safe distances. The manufacturers of these devices have found a willing global marketplace, which includes some of the most dangerous places in the world. Despite a wealth of contradictory performance and testing data available on the Internet, sales of these devices remain brisk and profitable. Rather than enhancing the security of police and military personnel, the reliance on these unproven and disproven devices is creating a sense of false security that is actually lowering the safety of front-line forces in places like Iraq and Afghanistan. This paper addresses the development and distribution history of some of these devices and describes the testing performed by Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, and other reputable testing agencies that illustrate the real danger in using this kind of unproven technology. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Murray, DW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1071-6572 BN 978-1-4244-7400-4 J9 INT CARN CONF SECU PY 2010 BP 394 EP 402 DI 10.1109/CCST.2010.5678674 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTO44 UT WOS:000287496000057 ER PT S AU Fernandez, T Djouadi, SM Camphouse, RC AF Fernandez, T. Djouadi, S. M. Camphouse, R. C. GP IEEE TI Analytical Computation of POD Modes and n-Width Approximations for the Heat Equation with Boundary Control SO 49TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC) SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) CY DEC 15-17, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE ID PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION AB In this paper, for the purpose of model reduction the analytical expressions of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) modes are derived for the heat equation with boundary control. The autocorrelation function of the latter is viewed as the kernel of a self adjoint compact operator, and the POD modes and corresponding eigenvalues are computed by solving homogeneous integral equations of the second kind. The computed POD modes are compared to the modes obtained from snapshots. The explicit computation of the POD modes and eigenvalues allow the computation of different n-widths approximations for the heat equation, including the linear, Kolmogorov, Gelfand, and Bernstein n-widths. C1 [Fernandez, T.; Djouadi, S. M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Camphouse, R. C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Personal Assessment & Decis Anal Dept, Carlsbad, CA 88220 USA. RP Fernandez, T (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM tfernand@utk.edu; djouadi@eecs.utk.edu; rccamph@sandia.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-7746-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2010 BP 870 EP 875 DI 10.1109/CDC.2010.5717514 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWV28 UT WOS:000295049101020 ER PT S AU Johnson, JK Chertkov, M AF Johnson, Jason K. Chertkov, Michael GP IEEE TI A Majorization-Minimization Approach to Design of Power Transmission Networks SO 49TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC) SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) CY DEC 15-17, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE AB We propose an optimization approach to design cost-effective electrical power transmission networks. That is, we aim to select both the network structure and the line conductances (line sizes) so as to optimize the trade-off between network efficiency (low power dissipation within the transmission network) and the cost to build the network. We begin with a convex optimization method based on the paper "Minimizing Effective Resistance of a Graph" [Ghosh, Boyd & Saberi]. We show that this (DC) resistive network method can be adapted to the context of AC power flow. However, that does not address the combinatorial aspect of selecting network structure. We approach this problem as selecting a subgraph within an over-complete network, posed as minimizing the (convex) network power dissipation plus a non-convex cost on line conductances that encourages sparse networks where many line conductances are set to zero. We develop a heuristic approach to solve this non-convex optimization problem using: (1) a continuation method to interpolate from the smooth, convex problem to the (non-smooth, non-convex) combinatorial problem, (2) the majorization-minimization algorithm to perform the necessary intermediate smooth but non-convex optimization steps. Ultimately, this involves solving a sequence of convex optimization problems in which we iteratively reweight a linear cost on line conductances to fit the actual non-convex cost. Several examples are presented which suggest that the overall method is a good heuristic for network design. We also consider how to obtain sparse networks that are still robust against failures of lines and/or generators. C1 [Johnson, Jason K.; Chertkov, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies & Theoret Div T 4, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Johnson, JK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies & Theoret Div T 4, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM jasonj@lanl.gov; chertkov@lanl.gov RI Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0191-2216 BN 978-1-4244-7746-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2010 BP 3996 EP 4003 DI 10.1109/CDC.2010.5717226 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWV28 UT WOS:000295049104090 ER PT S AU Alessandri, A Baglietto, M Battistelli, G Zavala, V AF Alessandri, Angelo Baglietto, Marco Battistelli, Giorgio Zavala, Victor GP IEEE TI Advances in Moving Horizon Estimation for Nonlinear Systems SO 49TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC) SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) CY DEC 15-17, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE ID TIME LINEAR-SYSTEMS; STATE ESTIMATION; OBSERVERS; SENSITIVITY; STABILITY; ALGORITHM AB In the last decade, moving horizon estimation (MHE) has emerged as a powerful technique for tackling the problem of estimating the state of a dynamic system in the presence of nonlinearities and disturbances. MHE is based on the idea of minimizing an estimation cost function defined on a sliding window composed of a finite number of time stages. The cost function is usually made up of two contributions: a prediction error computed on a recent batch of inputs and outputs; an arrival cost that serves the purpose of summarizing the past data. However, the diffusion of such techniques has been hampered by: i) the difficulty in choosing the arrival cost so as to ensure stability of the overall estimation scheme; ii) the request of an adequate computational effort on line. In this paper, both problems are addressed and possible solutions are proposed. First, by means of a novel stability analysis, it is constructively shown that under very general observability conditions a quadratic arrival cost is sufficient to ensure the stability of the estimation error provided that the weight matrix is adequately chosen. Second, a novel approximate MHE algorithm is proposed that is based on nonlinear programming sensitivity calculations. The approximate MHE algorithm has the same stability properties of the optimal one which make the overall approach suitable to be applied in real settings. Preliminary simulation results confirm the effectiveness of proposed method. C1 [Alessandri, Angelo] Univ Genoa, Dept Prod Engn Thermoenerget & Math Models, DIPTEM, Ple Kennedy Pad D, I-16129 Genoa, Italy. [Baglietto, Marco] Univ Genoa, Dept Commun Comp & Syst Sci, DIST, I-16145 Genoa, Italy. [Battistelli, Giorgio] Univ Florence, I-50139 Florence, Italy. [Zavala, Victor] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Alessandri, A (reprint author), Univ Genoa, Dept Prod Engn Thermoenerget & Math Models, DIPTEM, Ple Kennedy Pad D, I-16129 Genoa, Italy. EM alessandri@diptem.unige.it; mbaglietto@dist.unige.it; battistelli@dsi.unifi.it; vzavala@mcs.anl.gov OI BATTISTELLI, GIORGIO/0000-0002-0124-4715; Alessandri, Angelo/0000-0001-6878-9106 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 978-1-4244-7746-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2010 BP 5681 EP 5688 DI 10.1109/CDC.2010.5718126 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWV28 UT WOS:000295049106072 ER PT S AU Zavala, VM Anitescu, M AF Zavala, Victor M. Anitescu, Mihai GP IEEE TI Achieving Higher Frequencies in Large-Scale Nonlinear Model Predictive Control SO 49TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC) SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) CY DEC 15-17, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE ID LINEAR COMPLEMENTARITY-PROBLEMS; VARIATIONAL-INEQUALITIES AB We present new insights into how to achieve higher frequencies in large-scale nonlinear predictive control using truncated-like schemes. The basic idea is that, instead of solving the full nonlinear optimization (NLO) problem at each sampling time, we solve a single, truncated quadratic optimization (QO) problem. We present conditions guaranteeing stability of the approximation error for truncated schemes using generalized equation concepts. In addition, we propose a preliminary scheme using an augmented Lagrangian reformulation of the NLO and projected successive overrelaxation to solve the underlying QO. This strategy enables early termination of the QO solution because it can perform linear algebra and active-set identification tasks simultaneously. A simple numerical case study is provided. C1 [Zavala, Victor M.; Anitescu, Mihai] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zavala, VM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM vzavala@mcs.anl.gov; anitescu@mcs.anl.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0191-2216 BN 978-1-4244-7746-3 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2010 BP 6119 EP 6124 DI 10.1109/CDC.2010.5717498 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWV28 UT WOS:000295049106144 ER PT S AU Qian, SN Qian, K AF Qian, Shinan Qian, Kun BE Zhang, Y Sasian, JM Xiang, L To, S TI Study and Considerations of Nanometer and Nano-radian Surface Profiler SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCED OPTICAL MANUFACTURING AND TESTING TECHNOLOGIES: OPTICAL TEST AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY AND EQUIPMENT SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing Technologies - Optical Test and Measurement Technology and Equipment CY APR 26-29, 2010 CL Dalian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP COS-Chinese Opt Soc, SPIE DE nanometer and nano-radian accuracy; precise measurement; surface profiler; LTP ID LONG-TRACE-PROFILER AB A Nanometer and Nano-radian Surface Profiler (NSP) is under development at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Nanometer and nano-radian accuracy is required for newest state-of-the-art synchrotron radiation optics and high-precision optical measurement. This test accuracy must be maintained in larger angle test range. In order to reach this accuracy we have to remove all error sources as much as possible or to reduce them to nano-radian level. We present the approaches in optimized optical system designing, scanning optical head mode selection, non-tilted reference method, quality control of optical components, and temperature stabilization. Some considerations and preliminary measurements are presented. C1 [Qian, Shinan] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Qian, SN (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8086-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7656 AR 76560D DI 10.1117/12.871258 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BTQ67 UT WOS:000287797800013 ER PT S AU Quiquandon, M Unal, B Thiel, P Gratias, D AF Quiquandon, M. Unal, B. Thiel, P. Gratias, D. BE Grimm, U McGrath, R Degtyareva, O Sharma, HR TI About the chemistry of the terminating 5f-planes in i-AlPdMn : A comparison between models and surface studies SO 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APERIODIC CRYSTALS (APERIODIC'09) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Aperiodic Crystals CY SEP 13-18, 2009 CL Liverpool, ENGLAND SP Open Univ, Univ Liverpool, Inst Phys, Math & Theoret Phys Grp, Inst Phys, Thin Films & Surfaces Grp ID ENERGY-ELECTRON DIFFRACTION; QUASI-CRYSTAL; FIVEFOLD SURFACE AB Structural arguments are proposed that support the hypothesis that the equilibrium 5f-surfaces of i-AlPdMn icosahedral alloys are actual cuts of the bulk structure with almost pure Al termination planes [1, 2] corresponding to actual bulk properties with no need for possible Al segregation on the surface. Most of the 5f termination planes in i-AlPdMn are made of two close planes containing essentially Al at the upper one and Al and Pd at the second one (see for instance [3]). Here, perfect unrelaxed structural models that differ only in the chemical distribution of the atomic species are devised, close to the description proposed in [4]. Once compared to experimental X-rays data [5], the calculations show that although the chemical decoration has a rather limited influence on the global R-factor, there is a clear tendency toward favoring models with almost pure Al on the atomic surface located on the node n, in excellent agreement with the surface studies. C1 [Quiquandon, M.; Gratias, D.] LEM CNRS ONERA, 29 Ave Div Leclerc, F-92322 Chatillon, France. [Unal, B.; Thiel, P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Thiel, P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Unal, B.; Thiel, P.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Quiquandon, M (reprint author), LEM CNRS ONERA, 29 Ave Div Leclerc, F-92322 Chatillon, France. EM marianne.quiquandon@onera.fr FU Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science Division of U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE) [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX The portion of the work by B.U. and P.T. was supported by theOffice of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science Division of U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE) under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 226 AR UNSP 012007 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/226/1/012007 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Physics, Mathematical SC Crystallography; Physics GA BTK78 UT WOS:000287179800007 ER PT S AU Smerdon, JA Parle, JK Wearing, LH Leung, L Lograsso, TA Ross, AR McGrath, R AF Smerdon, J. A. Parle, J. K. Wearing, L. H. Leung, L. Lograsso, T. A. Ross, A. R. McGrath, R. BE Grimm, U McGrath, R Degtyareva, O Sharma, HR TI C-60 adsorption on an aperiodically modulated Cu surface SO 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APERIODIC CRYSTALS (APERIODIC'09) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Aperiodic Crystals CY SEP 13-18, 2009 CL Liverpool, ENGLAND SP Open Univ, Univ Liverpool, Inst Phys, Math & Theoret Phys Grp, Inst Phys, Thin Films & Surfaces Grp ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; QUASI-CRYSTAL SURFACES; AL-PD-MN; ENERGY-ELECTRON DIFFRACTION; GROWTH; FILM; CO AB Copper deposited on the five-fold surface of icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn forms domains of a structure whose surface has a one-dimensional aperiodic modulation. It is shown that C-60 deposited on this aperiodic film has highly reduced mobility as compared to C-60 deposited on periodic Cu surfaces. This finding is explained in terms of the recently proposed structural model of this system. C1 [Smerdon, J. A.; Parle, J. K.; Wearing, L. H.; Leung, L.; McGrath, R.] Univ Liverpool, Surface Sci Res Ctr, Dept Phys, POB 147, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Lograsso, T. A.; Ross, A. R.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Smerdon, JA (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Surface Sci Res Ctr, Dept Phys, POB 147, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. EM mcgrath@liv.ac.uk RI McGrath, Ronan/A-1568-2009 OI McGrath, Ronan/0000-0002-9880-5741 FU EPSRC [EP/D05253X/1] FX The EPSRC is acknowledged for funding this project under Grant No EP/D05253X/1. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 226 AR UNSP 012006 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/226/1/012006 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Physics, Mathematical SC Crystallography; Physics GA BTK78 UT WOS:000287179800006 ER PT S AU Geisz, JF Ward, JS Duda, A Olavarria, W Gedvilas, L Young, M Wanlass, MW Carapella, J Kurtz, SR Friedman, DJ Romero, MJ Steiner, MA AF Geisz, John F. Ward, J. Scott Duda, Anna Olavarria, Waldo Gedvilas, Lynn Young, Michelle Wanlass, Mark W. Carapella, Jeff Kurtz, Sarah R. Friedman, Daniel J. Romero, Manuel J. Steiner, Myles A. BE Betts, AW Dimroth, F McConnell, RD Sala, G TI Infrared Reflective and Transparent Inverted Metamorphic Triple Junction Solar Cells SO 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATING PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS (CPV-6) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Concentrating Photovoltaic Systems CY APR 07-09, 2010 CL Freiburg, GERMANY SP Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst ISE, Concentrix Solar GmbH, AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH, Boeing Co, Spectrolab Inc, Amonix Inc, SolFocus Inc, Evonik Rohm GmbH, AIXTRON AG, Emcore Corp, Aescusoft GmbH, Concentrator Opt GmbH DE III-V multijunction solar cell; photovoltaic; inverted metamorphic; transparent; back surface reflector AB The infrared (IR) portion of the solar spectrum with photon energies below the lowest bandgap in III-V multijunction photovoltaic devices does not contribute to electrical power and is typically ignored during solar cell design. In a three junction inverted metamorphic multijunction (IMM) solar cell with a 1.0 eV bottom junction, this infrared light makes up 16% of the total power and can be extracted from the cell by reflective or transparent designs. We demonstrate several IMM designs that are about 39% efficient under concentration, allow this IR power to be used elsewhere, and reduce the heat load by about 20% relative to Ge-based solar cells that are also 40% efficient. C1 [Geisz, John F.; Ward, J. Scott; Duda, Anna; Olavarria, Waldo; Gedvilas, Lynn; Young, Michelle; Wanlass, Mark W.; Carapella, Jeff; Kurtz, Sarah R.; Friedman, Daniel J.; Romero, Manuel J.; Steiner, Myles A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Geisz, JF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0827-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1277 BP 11 EP 15 DI 10.1063/1.3509169 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BTJ77 UT WOS:000287123900003 ER PT S AU Bosco, N Kurtz, S AF Bosco, Nick Kurtz, Sarah BE Betts, AW Dimroth, F McConnell, RD Sala, G TI Quantifying the Thermal Fatigue of CPV Modules SO 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATING PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS (CPV-6) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Concentrating Photovoltaic Systems CY APR 07-09, 2010 CL Freiburg, GERMANY SP Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst ISE, Concentrix Solar GmbH, AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH, Boeing Co, Spectrolab Inc, Amonix Inc, SolFocus Inc, Evonik Rohm GmbH, AIXTRON AG, Emcore Corp, Aescusoft GmbH, Concentrator Opt GmbH DE Accelerated Lifetime Testing; Thermal Fatigue; Die-Attach; Rainflow AB A method is presented to quantify thermal fatigue in the CPV die-attach from meteorological data. A comparative study between cities demonstrates a significant difference in the accumulated damage. These differences are most sensitive to the number of larger (Delta T) thermal cycles experienced for a location. High frequency data (<1/min) may be required to most accurately employ this method. C1 [Bosco, Nick; Kurtz, Sarah] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bosco, N (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Golden, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0827-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1277 BP 225 EP 228 DI 10.1063/1.3509197 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BTJ77 UT WOS:000287123900053 ER PT S AU Fthenakis, V Kim, HC AF Fthenakis, Vasilis Kim, Hyung Chul BE Betts, AW Dimroth, F McConnell, RD Sala, G TI Life Cycle Assessment of Amonix 7700 HCPV Systems SO 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATING PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS (CPV-6) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Concentrating Photovoltaic Systems CY APR 07-09, 2010 CL Freiburg im Breisgau, GERMANY SP Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst ISE, Concentrix Solar GmbH, AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH, Boeing Co, Spectrolab Inc, Amonix Inc, SolFocus Inc, Evonik Rohm GmbH, AIXTRON AG, Emcore Corp, Aescusoft GmbH, Concentrator Opt GmbH DE Concentrator; Life-cycle analysis; Energy payback time; Greenhouse gas emissions AB We estimated the energy payback time (EPBT) and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) in the life cycle of the Amonix high-concentration photovoltaic (HCPV) system with III-V solar cells. For a location in the southwest United States, the Amonix 7700 has an EPBT of only 0.86 yrs and GHG emissions of 24 g CO2-eq./kWh; we expect further decreases in both by 2011. C1 [Fthenakis, Vasilis] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fthenakis, V (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Kim, Hyung Chul/0000-0002-0992-4547 FU Solar Technologies Program, US Department of Energy with US-DOE [DE-AC02-76CH000016] FX The authors thank Matthew Meares and Bob McConnell for providing energy production and materials breakdown of the Amonix 7700 needed for this analysis. This work was partially supported by the Solar Technologies Program, US Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-76CH000016 with the US-DOE. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0827-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1277 BP 260 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3509206 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BTJ77 UT WOS:000287123900061 ER PT S AU Cameron, C Crawford, C Foresi, J King, D McConnell, R Riley, D Sahm, A Stein, J AF Cameron, Christopher Crawford, Clark Foresi, James King, David McConnell, Robert Riley, Dan Sahm, Aaron Stein, Joshua BE Betts, AW Dimroth, F McConnell, RD Sala, G TI Performance Model Assessment for Multi-Junction Concentrating Photovoltaic Systems SO 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATING PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS (CPV-6) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Concentrating Photovoltaic Systems CY APR 07-09, 2010 CL Freiburg im Breisgau, GERMANY SP Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst ISE, Concentrix Solar GmbH, AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH, Boeing Co, Spectrolab Inc, Amonix Inc, SolFocus Inc, Evonik Rohm GmbH, AIXTRON AG, Emcore Corp, Aescusoft GmbH, Concentrator Opt GmbH DE Solar Energy; Concentrating Photovoltaics; Performance Modeling AB Four approaches to modeling multi-junction concentrating photovoltaic system performance are assessed by comparing modeled performance to measured performance. Measured weather, irradiance, and system performance data were collected on two systems over a one month period. Residual analysis is used to assess the models and to identify opportunities for model improvement. C1 [Cameron, Christopher; King, David; Riley, Dan; Stein, Joshua] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Crawford, Clark] Amonix Inc, Seal Beach, CA 90740 USA. [Foresi, James] Emcore Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Sahm, Aaron] Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Cameron, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0827-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1277 BP 290 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3509214 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BTJ77 UT WOS:000287123900068 ER PT S AU Muller, M Marion, B Kurtz, S Rodriguez, J AF Muller, Matthew Marion, Bill Kurtz, Sarah Rodriguez, Jose BE Betts, AW Dimroth, F McConnell, RD Sala, G TI An Investigation into Spectral Parameters as they Impact CPV Module Performance SO 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATING PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS (CPV-6) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Concentrating Photovoltaic Systems CY APR 07-09, 2010 CL Freiburg, GERMANY SP Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst ISE, Concentrix Solar GmbH, AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH, Boeing Co, Spectrolab Inc, Amonix Inc, SolFocus Inc, Evonik Rohm GmbH, AIXTRON AG, Emcore Corp, Aescusoft GmbH, Concentrator Opt GmbH DE Solar Concentrators; Spectral; Precipitable Water Vapor; Aerosol Optical Depth AB The CPV industry is well aware that performance of triple junction cells depends on spectral conditions but there is a lack of data quantifying this spectral dependence at the module level. This paper explores the impact of precipitable water vapor, aerosol optical depth (AOD), and optical air mass on multiple CPV module technologies on-sun in Golden, CO. C1 [Muller, Matthew; Marion, Bill; Kurtz, Sarah; Rodriguez, Jose] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Muller, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM matthew.muller@nrel.gov NR 7 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0827-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1277 BP 307 EP 311 DI 10.1063/1.3509218 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BTJ77 UT WOS:000287123900072 ER PT S AU Galindo-Uribarri, A AF Galindo-Uribarri, Alfredo BE PadillaRodal, E TI Exotic Nuclei SO 6TH MEXICAN NUCLEAR PHYSICS SCHOOL SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Mexican School on Nuclear Physics CY JUN 22-JUL 03, 2009 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Sci Res Coordinat Off, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Gen Off Acad Personnel, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Phys Inst, Mexican Acad Sci, Mexico United States Fdn Sci, Nucl Ind Workers Union, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Sci Fac, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Nucl Sci Inst, Natl Inst Nucl Sci Res DE Radioactive Ion Beams; Unstable Nuclei; Accelerator Mass Spectrometry; Electromagnetic Transitions; Resonant Reactions; Polarization; Radiation Detectors ID RADIOACTIVE ION-BEAMS; GAMMA-RAY-SPECTROSCOPY; GERMANIUM DETECTORS; COULOMB-EXCITATION; RESONANT REACTIONS; CLOVER DETECTOR; EXCITED-STATES; GE DETECTOR; HIGH-SPIN; TARGET AB Current experimental developments on the study of exotic nuclei far from the valley of stability are discussed. I start with general aspects related to the production of radioactive beams followed by the description of some of the experimental tools and specialized techniques for studies in reaction spectroscopy, nuclear structure research and nuclear applications with examples from selected topical areas with which I have been involved. I discuss some of the common challenges faced in Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) and Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) science. C1 [Galindo-Uribarri, Alfredo] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Galindo-Uribarri, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008,MS 6368, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 96 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0820-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1271 BP 180 EP 215 PG 36 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BTG78 UT WOS:000286915200007 ER PT S AU Arbelaez, D Prestemon, SO Ferracin, P Godeke, A Dietderich, DR Sabbi, G AF Arbelaez, D. Prestemon, S. O. Ferracin, P. Godeke, A. Dietderich, D. R. Sabbi, G. GP IOP TI Cable deformation simulation and a hierarchical framework for Nb3Sn Rutherford cables SO 9TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY (EUCAS 09) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS) CY SEP 13-17, 2009 CL Dresden, GERMANY ID STRAND; MODEL; WIRES AB Knowledge of the three-dimensional strain state induced in the superconducting filaments due to loads on Rutherford cables is essential to analyze the performance of Nb3Sn magnets. Due to the large range of length scales involved, we develop a hierarchical computational scheme that includes models at both the cable and strand levels. At the Rutherford cable level, where the strands are treated as a homogeneous medium, a three-dimensional computational model is developed to determine the deformed shape of the cable that can subsequently be used to determine the strain state under specified loading conditions, which may be of thermal, magnetic, and mechanical origins. The results can then be transferred to the model at the strand/macro-filament level for rod restack process (RRP) strands, where the geometric details of the strand are included. This hierarchical scheme can be used to estimate the three-dimensional strain state in the conductor as well as to determine the effective properties of the strands and cables from the properties of individual components. Examples of the modeling results obtained for the orthotropic mechanical properties of the Rutherford cables are presented. C1 [Arbelaez, D.; Prestemon, S. O.; Ferracin, P.; Godeke, A.; Dietderich, D. R.; Sabbi, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arbelaez, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM darbelaez@lbl.gov NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 234 AR 022002 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/234/2/022002 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BAL70 UT WOS:000304593700054 ER PT S AU Felice, H Ambrosio, G Bajko, M Barzi, E Bordini, B Bossert, R Caspi, S Dietderich, D Ferracin, P Feuvrier, J Ghosh, A Godeke, A Lizarazo, J Rossi, L Sabbi, G Wanderer, P Wang, X Zlobin, AV AF Felice, H. Ambrosio, G. Bajko, M. Barzi, E. Bordini, B. Bossert, R. Caspi, S. Dietderich, D. Ferracin, P. Feuvrier, J. Ghosh, A. Godeke, A. Lizarazo, J. Rossi, L. Sabbi, G. Wanderer, P. Wang, X. Zlobin, A. V. GP IOP TI Test results of TQS03: a LARP shell-based Nb3Sn quadrupole using 108/127 conductor SO 9TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY (EUCAS 09) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS) CY SEP 13-17, 2009 CL Dresden, GERMANY ID SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETS; STRANDS; INSTABILITIES; DESIGN; CABLES AB Future insertion quadrupoles with large apertures and high gradients will be required for the Phase II luminosity upgrade (10(35) cm(-2) s(-1)) of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Although improved designs, based on NbTi, are being considered as an intermediate step for the Phase I upgrade, the Nb3Sn conductor is presently the best option that meets the ultimate performance goals for both operating field and temperature margin. As part of the development of Nb3Sn magnet technology, the LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) dev\loped and tested several 1-meter long, 90-mm aperture Nb3Sn quadrupoles. The first two series of magnet used OST MJR 54/61 (TQ01 series) and OST RRP 54/61 (TQ02 series) strands. The third series (TQ03) used OST RRP 108/127 conductor. The larger number of sub-elements and the consequent reduction of the effective filament size, together with an increased fraction of copper and a lower Jc were expected to improve the conductor stability. The new coils were tested in the TQS03 series using a shell structure assembled with keys and bladders. The objective of the first test (TQS03a) was to evaluate the performances of the 108/127 conductor and, in particular, its behaviour at 1.9 K, while the second test (TQS03b) investigated the impact on high azimuthal pre-stress on the magnet performance. This paper reports on TQS03 fabrication, the strain gauge measurements performed during assembly, cool-down, excitation and the quench behaviour of the two magnets. C1 [Felice, H.; Caspi, S.; Dietderich, D.; Ferracin, P.; Godeke, A.; Lizarazo, J.; Sabbi, G.; Wang, X.] LBNL, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ambrosio, G.; Barzi, E.; Bossert, R.; Zlobin, A. V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Ghosh, A.; Wanderer, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Bajko, M.; Bordini, B.; Ferracin, P.; Rossi, L.] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Felice, H (reprint author), LBNL, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM HFelice@lbl.gov NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 234 AR 032010 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/234/3/032010 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BAL70 UT WOS:000304593700105 ER PT S AU Green, MA Virostek, SP Li, D Zisman, MS Wang, L Pan, H Wu, H Guo, XL Xu, FY Liu, XK Zheng, SX Bradshaw, T Baynham, DE Cobb, J Lau, W Lau, P Yang, SQ AF Green, M. A. Virostek, S. P. Li, D. Zisman, M. S. Wang, L. Pan, H. Wu, H. Guo, X. L. Xu, F. Y. Liu, X. K. Zheng, S. X. Bradshaw, T. Baynham, D. E. Cobb, J. Lau, W. Lau, P. Yang, S. Q. GP IOP TI Progress on the Superconducting Magnets for the MICE Cooling Channel SO 9TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY (EUCAS 09) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS) CY SEP 13-17, 2009 CL Dresden, GERMANY ID SOLENOID MAGNET; THERMAL DESIGN; CONNECTION; SYSTEM; COOLER AB The muon ionization cooling experiment (MICE) consists of a target, a beam line, a pion decay channel, the MICE cooling channel. Superconducting magnets are used in the pion decay channel and the MICE cooling channel. This report describes the MICE cooling channel magnets and the progress in the design and fabrication of these magnets. The MICE cooling channel consists of three types of superconducting solenoids; the spectrometer solenoids, the coupling solenoids and the focusing solenoids. The three types of magnets are being fabricated in the United States, China, and the United Kingdom respectively. The spectrometer magnets are used to analyze the muon beam before and after muon cooling. The coupling magnets couple the focusing sections and keep the muon beam contained within the iris of the RF cavities that are used to recover the muon momentum lost during ionization cooling. The focusing magnets focus the muon beam in the center of a liquid hydrogen absorber. The first of the cooling channel magnets will be operational in MICE in the spring of 2010. C1 [Green, M. A.; Virostek, S. P.; Li, D.; Zisman, M. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, L.; Pan, H.; Wu, H.; Guo, X. L.; Xu, F. Y.; Zheng, S. X.] HIT, Inst Cryogen & Supercond Technol, Harbin, Peoples R China. [Bradshaw, T.; Baynham, D. E.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Cobb, J.; Lau, W.; Lau, P.; Yang, S. Q.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Design Off, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM magreen@lbl.gov NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 234 AR 032017 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/234/3/032017 PG 23 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BAL70 UT WOS:000304593700112 ER PT S AU Tajima, T Eremeev, G Zou, G Dolgashev, V Martin, D Nantista, C Tantawi, S Yoneda, C Moeckly, BH Campisi, I AF Tajima, T. Eremeev, G. Zou, G. Dolgashev, V. Martin, D. Nantista, C. Tantawi, S. Yoneda, C. Moeckly, B. H. Campisi, I. GP IOP TI RF Critical Field Measurement of MgB2 Thin Films Coated on Nb SO 9TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY (EUCAS 09) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS) CY SEP 13-17, 2009 CL Dresden, GERMANY AB Niobium (Nb) Superconducting RF (SRF) cavities have been used or will be used for a number of particle accelerators. The fundamental limit of the accelerating gradient has been thought to be around 50 MV/m due to its RF critical magnetic field of around 200 mT. This limit will prevent new projects requiring higher gradient and compact accelerators from considering SRF structures. There is a theory, however, that promises to overcome this limitation by coating thin (less than the penetration depth) superconductors on Nb. We initiated measurements of critical magnetic fields of Nb coated with various thin film superconductors, starting with MgB2 films deposited using reactive evaporation technique, with the goal to apply this coating to SRF cavities. This paper will present first test results of the RF critical magnetic field of a system consisting of a 10 nm B and a 100 nm MgB2 films deposited on a chemically polished 2-inch single grain Nb substrate. C1 [Tajima, T.; Eremeev, G.; Zou, G.] LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dolgashev, V.; Martin, D.; Nantista, C.; Tantawi, S.; Yoneda, C.] SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Moeckly, B. H.] Superconductor Technol Inc, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. [Campisi, I.] ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tajima, T (reprint author), LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tajima@lanl.gov FU DTRA FX We would like to thank Peter Kneisel for providing single crystal Nb samples, Marilyn Hawley for AFM measurements, and Robert Day for optical profilometry on single grain samples. This work was supported by DTRA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 234 AR 012043 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/234/1/012043 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BAL70 UT WOS:000304593700043 ER PT B AU Makarov, YV Reyes-Spindola, JF Samaan, N Diao, RS Hafen, RP AF Makarov, Yuri V. Reyes-Spindola, Jorge F. Samaan, Nader Diao, Ruisheng Hafen, Ryan P. BE Betancourt, U Ackermann, T TI Wind and Load Forecast Error Model for Multiple Geographically Distributed Forecasts SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATION OF WIND POWER INTO POWER SYSTEMS AS WELL AS ON TRANSMISSION NETWORKS FOR OFFSHORE WIND POWER PLANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power into Power Systems as well as on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Power Plants CY OCT 18-19, 2010 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Hydro Quebec, REPOWER Syst Inc, Vestas, ISO New England, Util Wind Integrat Grp, SIEMENS, ALSTOM, Woodward, Silent DIG DE Forecast error models; load forecast; wind forecast AB The impact of wind and load forecast errors on power grid operations is frequently evaluated by conducting multi-variant studies, where these errors are simulated repeatedly as random processes based on their known statistical characteristics. To simulate these errors correctly, we need to reflect their distributions (which do not necessarily follow a known distribution law), standard deviations, auto and cross-correlations. For instance, load and wind forecast errors can be closely correlated in different zones of the system. This paper introduces a new methodology for generating multiple cross-correlated random processes to produce forecast error time-domain curves based on a transition probability matrix computed from an empirical error distribution function. The matrix will be used to generate new error time series with statistical features similar to observed errors. We present the derivation of the method and some experimental results obtained by generating new error forecasts together with their statistics. C1 [Makarov, Yuri V.; Reyes-Spindola, Jorge F.; Samaan, Nader; Diao, Ruisheng; Hafen, Ryan P.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM yuri.makarov@pnl.nov FU DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy office FX The authors would like to thank the DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy office for sponsoring this work. We would like to thank Mr. Ross Guttromson of PNNL, Dr. Michael Milligan of NREL, Mr. Brad Nickell and Ms. Michelle Mizumori of WECC for their advice and gaudiness. We also would like to thank Mr. George Scott of NREL for providing wind forecast data sets. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENERGYNAUTICS GMBH PI LANGEN PA MUHLSTRASSSE 51, LANGEN, 63225, GERMANY BN 978-3-9813870-2-5 PY 2010 BP 101 EP 107 PG 7 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA BG8OM UT WOS:000392554800015 ER PT B AU Milligan, M Kirby, B King, J Beuning, S AF Milligan, Michael Kirby, Brendan King, Jack Beuning, Stephen BE Betancourt, U Ackermann, T TI Benefit of Regional Energy Balancing Service on Wind Integration in the Western Interconnection of the United States SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATION OF WIND POWER INTO POWER SYSTEMS AS WELL AS ON TRANSMISSION NETWORKS FOR OFFSHORE WIND POWER PLANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power into Power Systems as well as on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Power Plants CY OCT 18-19, 2010 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Hydro Quebec, REPOWER Syst Inc, Vestas, ISO New England, Util Wind Integrat Grp, SIEMENS, ALSTOM, Woodward, Silent DIG DE Wind energy; balancing area; wind integration AB Interest in various wide-area balancing schemes to help integrate wind have generated significant interest. As we have shown in past work, large balancing areas not only help with wind integration, but can also increase the efficiency of operations in systems without wind. Recent work on the Western Wind and Solar Integration Study (WWSIS) has found that combining balancing over the WestConnect footprint will increase the efficiency of commitment and dispatch at wind penetrations ranging from 10-30% of annual electricity demand, and will be essential for high penetrations and small balancing areas. In addition the Northwest Wind Integration Action Plan recommended balancing area cooperation as a method to help integrate the large potential wind development. In this paper we investigate the potential impact of a proposed Energy Imbalance Service on the ability of the non-market portions of Western Electricity Coordinating Councils (WECC) United States footprint to integrate wind energy. We will utilize data adapted from the WWSIS for the Western Interconnection. The analysis uses time-synchronized wind and load data to evaluate the potential for ramp requirement reduction that could be achieved with combined operation. Chronological analysis and ramp duration analysis quantify the benefit in terms of not only the ramp sizes, but the frequency of the potentially avoided ramps that must be managed by the non-wind generation fleet. Multiple approaches that can be used to achieve these benefits are also suggested in the paper. We also suggest other approaches that can help achieve much of the benefit of full consolidation without requiring the physical consolidation of balancing areas. C1 [Milligan, Michael; Kirby, Brendan; King, Jack] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Beuning, Stephen] Xcel Energy, Minneapolis, MN USA. EM michael.milligan@nrel.gov; kirbybj@ieee.org; jking@repae.com; Stephen.J.Beuning@xcelenergy.com NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENERGYNAUTICS GMBH PI LANGEN PA MUHLSTRASSSE 51, LANGEN, 63225, GERMANY BN 978-3-9813870-2-5 PY 2010 BP 132 EP 139 PG 8 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA BG8OM UT WOS:000392554800019 ER PT B AU Makarov, YV Zhou, N Etingov, PV Samaan, N Ma, J Diao, R Guttromson, RT AF Makarov, Y. V. Zhou, N. Etingov, P. V. Samaan, N. Ma, J. Diao, R. Guttromson, R. T. BE Betancourt, U Ackermann, T TI Analyzing of Balancing Authorities Cooperation Methods with High Variable Generation Penetration SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATION OF WIND POWER INTO POWER SYSTEMS AS WELL AS ON TRANSMISSION NETWORKS FOR OFFSHORE WIND POWER PLANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power into Power Systems as well as on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Power Plants CY OCT 18-19, 2010 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Hydro Quebec, REPOWER Syst Inc, Vestas, ISO New England, Util Wind Integrat Grp, SIEMENS, ALSTOM, Woodward, Silent DIG DE Area control error (ACE); ACE diversity interchange; regulation sharing; load following sharing; balancing authorities consolidation; dynamic scheduling; wind only balancing authority AB With the rapidly growing penetration level of wind and solar generation, the challenges of managing the variability and uncertainty of intermittent renewable generation become more and more significant. The problem of power variability and uncertainty gets exacerbated when each balancing authority (BA) works locally and separately to balance its own subsystem. The virtual BA concept is based on various forms of collaboration between individual BAs to manage power variability and uncertainty. The virtual BA will have a wide area control capability in managing its operational balancing requirements in different time frames. This coordination results in the improvement of efficiency and reliability of power system operation while facilitating the high level integration of green, but intermittent energy resources. Several strategies for virtual BA implementation, such as area control error diversity interchange, variable generation only BA, BA consolidation, dynamic scheduling, and regulation and load following sharing are discussed in this paper. The objective of such strategies is to allow individual BAs within a larger power grid to help each other dealing with power variability. Innovative methods have been developed to evaluate the balancing operation of BAs. These methods evaluate the BA operation through a number of metrics such as capacity, ramp rate, ramp duration, energy and cycling requirements. C1 [Makarov, Y. V.; Zhou, N.; Etingov, P. V.; Samaan, N.; Ma, J.; Diao, R.; Guttromson, R. T.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yuri.makarov@pnl.gov; ning.zhou@pnl.gov; pavel.etingov@pnl.gov; nader.samaan@pnl.gov; jian.ma@pnl.gov; ruislieng.diao@pnl.gov; ross.guttromson@pnl.gov FU DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy office FX The authors would like to thank the DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy office for sponsoring this work. This work was not be possible without a fruitful cooperation and exchange with NREL which participated in this effort. Personally, the contribution made by Dr. Michael Milligan and Brendan Kirby must be specially acknowledged. Drs. Chellury Sastry and Francis Tuffner at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory provided significant help and assistance. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENERGYNAUTICS GMBH PI LANGEN PA MUHLSTRASSSE 51, LANGEN, 63225, GERMANY BN 978-3-9813870-2-5 PY 2010 BP 140 EP 147 PG 8 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA BG8OM UT WOS:000392554800020 ER PT B AU Makarov, YV Etingov, PV Huang, ZY Ma, J Subbarao, K AF Makarov, Yuri V. Etingov, Pavel V. Huang, Zhenyu Ma, Jian Subbarao, Krishnappa BE Betancourt, U Ackermann, T TI Incorporating Wind Generation Forecast Uncertainty into Power System Operation, Dispatch, and Unit Commitment Procedures SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATION OF WIND POWER INTO POWER SYSTEMS AS WELL AS ON TRANSMISSION NETWORKS FOR OFFSHORE WIND POWER PLANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power into Power Systems as well as on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Power Plants CY OCT 18-19, 2010 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Hydro Quebec, REPOWER Syst Inc, Vestas, ISO New England, Util Wind Integrat Grp, SIEMENS, ALSTOM, Woodward, Silent DIG DE Wind generation; Energy Management System; flying-brick method; load forecast errors; wind generation forecast errors; uncertainty AB An approach to evaluate the uncertainties of the balancing capacity, ramping capability, and ramp duration requirements is proposed. The approach includes three steps: forecast data acquisition, statistical analysis of retrospective information, and prediction of grid balancing requirements for a specified time horizon and a given confidence level. An assessment of the capacity and ramping requirements is performed using a specially developed probabilistic algorithm based on histogram analysis, incorporating sources of uncertainty- both continuous (wind and load forecast errors) and discrete (forced generator outages and start-up failures). A new method called the "flying-brick" technique is developed to evaluate the look-ahead required generation performance envelope for the worst case scenario within a user-specified confidence level. A self-validation process is used to validate the accuracy of the confidence intervals. To demonstrate the validity of the developed uncertainty assessment methods and its impact on grid operation, a framework for integrating the proposed methods with an EMS system is developed. Demonstration through integration with an EMS system illustrates the applicability of the proposed methodology and the developed tool for actual grid operation and paves the road for integration with EMS systems from other vendors. C1 [Makarov, Yuri V.; Etingov, Pavel V.; Huang, Zhenyu; Ma, Jian; Subbarao, Krishnappa] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yuri.makarov@pnl.gov; pavel.etingov@pnl.gov; zhengyu.huang@pnl.gov; jian.ma@pnl.gov; Kris.Subbarao@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research Program (through the California Institute for Energy and Environment); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, and by California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research Program (through the California Institute for Energy and Environment).; The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENERGYNAUTICS GMBH PI LANGEN PA MUHLSTRASSSE 51, LANGEN, 63225, GERMANY BN 978-3-9813870-2-5 PY 2010 BP 247 EP 253 PG 7 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA BG8OM UT WOS:000392554800034 ER PT B AU Ela, E Meibom, P Barth, R Tuohy, A Milligan, M AF Ela, Erik Meibom, Peter Barth, Rudiger Tuohy, Aidan Milligan, Michael BE Betancourt, U Ackermann, T TI Advanced Unit Commitment Strategies for the US Eastern Interconnection SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATION OF WIND POWER INTO POWER SYSTEMS AS WELL AS ON TRANSMISSION NETWORKS FOR OFFSHORE WIND POWER PLANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power into Power Systems as well as on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Power Plants CY OCT 18-19, 2010 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Hydro Quebec, REPOWER Syst Inc, Vestas, ISO New England, Util Wind Integrat Grp, SIEMENS, ALSTOM, Woodward, Silent DIG DE Power system operations; unit commitment; stochastic planning; wind power; power system planning AB With increasing penetrations of wind power on the eastern interconnection of the United States, much research has been discussed on how the increased uncertainty may change how the system is operated. In particular, unit commitment programs which decide what units need to be started up in order to meet the changing demand at least cost may need to have modifications in order to reduce costs and improve reliability on a power system with increasing uncertain variables. This paper outlines a study undertaken for the U.S. Eastern Interconnection in which different advanced unit commitment strategies were simulated for three different years to evaluate the benefits that may occur from using these strategies as an operational tool. C1 [Ela, Erik; Milligan, Michael] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Meibom, Peter] Riso DTU, Roskilde, Denmark. [Barth, Rudiger] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Energy Econ & Rational Use Energy, Stuttgart, Germany. [Tuohy, Aidan] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. RP Ela, E (reprint author), NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy's Wind and HydroPower Technologies Program FX This work has been funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's Wind and HydroPower Technologies Program. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENERGYNAUTICS GMBH PI LANGEN PA MUHLSTRASSSE 51, LANGEN, 63225, GERMANY BN 978-3-9813870-2-5 PY 2010 BP 254 EP + PG 2 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA BG8OM UT WOS:000392554800035 ER PT B AU Kirby, B Milligan, M Ela, E AF Kirby, Brendan Milligan, Michael Ela, Erik BE Betancourt, U Ackermann, T TI Providing Minute-to-Minute Regulation from Wind Plants SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATION OF WIND POWER INTO POWER SYSTEMS AS WELL AS ON TRANSMISSION NETWORKS FOR OFFSHORE WIND POWER PLANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power into Power Systems as well as on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Power Plants CY OCT 18-19, 2010 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Hydro Quebec, REPOWER Syst Inc, Vestas, ISO New England, Util Wind Integrat Grp, SIEMENS, ALSTOM, Woodward, Silent DIG DE operating reserves power system economics; power system operations; power system reliability; power systems; wind power generation; wind energy AB Our earlier work showed that it may be both technically and economically feasible for wind plants to supply minute-to-minute regulation under some circumstances. In this paper we extend that analysis using time series data from existing wind plants, system loads, and regulation and energy markets. Both wind plant response performance requirements and power system needs are addressed. In present-day regulation markets, the regulation market price is typically based on the supplier's opportunity cost in the energy market. With a near-zero marginal production cost, wind would not be expected to be an attractive regulation supplier most of the time. Minimum load problems, typically on nights with high wind, and the need for conventional generators to incur additional costs when operating above minimum loads appear to make regulation from wind an economical option for some hours of the year. Unlike contingency reserves whose prices are generally low at night, the price for regulation typically remains high around the clock. In this paper, we examine wind and regulation markets in several regions to assess the viability of the concept. C1 [Kirby, Brendan; Milligan, Michael; Ela, Erik] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308] FX The Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC (Alliance), is the manager and operator of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Employees of the Alliance, under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 with the U.S. Dept. of Energy, have authored this work. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENERGYNAUTICS GMBH PI LANGEN PA MUHLSTRASSSE 51, LANGEN, 63225, GERMANY BN 978-3-9813870-2-5 PY 2010 BP 260 EP 267 PG 8 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA BG8OM UT WOS:000392554800036 ER PT B AU Milligan, M Donohoo, P Lew, D Ela, E Kirby, B Holttinen, H Lannoye, E Flynn, D O'Malley, M Miller, N Eriksen, PB Gottig, A Rawn, B Frunt, J Kling, WL Gibescu, M Lazaro, EG Robitaille, A Robitaille, A Kamwa, I AF Milligan, Michael Donohoo, Pearl Lew, Debra Ela, Erik Kirby, Brendan Holttinen, Hannele Lannoye, Eamonn Flynn, Damian O'Malley, Mark Miller, Nicholas Eriksen, Peter Barre Gottig, Allan Rawn, Barry Frunt, Jasper Kling, W. L. Gibescu, Madeleine Gomez Lazaro, Emilio Robitaille, Andre Robitaille, Andre Kamwa, Innocent BE Betancourt, U Ackermann, T TI Operating Reserves and Wind Power Integration: An International Comparison SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATION OF WIND POWER INTO POWER SYSTEMS AS WELL AS ON TRANSMISSION NETWORKS FOR OFFSHORE WIND POWER PLANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power into Power Systems as well as on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Power Plants CY OCT 18-19, 2010 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Hydro Quebec, REPOWER Syst Inc, Vestas, ISO New England, Util Wind Integrat Grp, SIEMENS, ALSTOM, Woodward, Silent DIG DE operating reserves; power system operation; power system reliability; power systems; wind power generation AB The determination of additional operating reserves in power systems with high wind penetration is attracting a significant amount of attention and research. Wind integration analysis over the past several years has shown that the level of operating reserve that is induced by wind is not a constant function of the installed capacity. Observations and analysis of actual wind plant operating data has shown that wind does not change its output fast enough to be considered as a contingency event. However, the variability that wind adds to the system does require the activation or deactivation of additional operating reserves. This paper provides a high-level international comparison of methods and key results from both operating practice and integration analysis, based on the work in International Energy Agency IEA WIND Task 25 on Large-scale Wind Integration. The paper concludes with an assessment of the common themes and important differences, along with recent emerging trends. C1 [Milligan, Michael; Donohoo, Pearl; Lew, Debra; Ela, Erik; Kirby, Brendan] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Holttinen, Hannele] VTT, Espoo, Finland. [Lannoye, Eamonn; Flynn, Damian; O'Malley, Mark] Univ Coll, Dublin, Ireland. [Miller, Nicholas] GE Energy, Atlanta, GA USA. [Eriksen, Peter Barre; Gottig, Allan] Energinet, Erritso, Denmark. [Rawn, Barry; Frunt, Jasper; Kling, W. L.; Gibescu, Madeleine] Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands. [Gomez Lazaro, Emilio] Univ Castilla La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain. [Robitaille, Andre; Kamwa, Innocent] Hydro Quebec, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENERGYNAUTICS GMBH PI LANGEN PA MUHLSTRASSSE 51, LANGEN, 63225, GERMANY BN 978-3-9813870-2-5 PY 2010 BP 383 EP 398 PG 16 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA BG8OM UT WOS:000392554800053 ER PT B AU Kiviluoma, J O'Malley, M Tuohy, A Milligan, M Lange, B Holttinen, H Gibescu, M Meibom, P Vigueras-Rodriguez, A Gomez-Lazaro, E AF Kiviluoma, Juha O'Malley, Mark Tuohy, Aidan Milligan, Michael Lange, Bernhard Holttinen, Hannele Gibescu, Madeleine Meibom, Peter Vigueras-Rodriguez, Antonio Gomez-Lazaro, Emilio BE Betancourt, U Ackermann, T TI Impact of Wind Power on the Unit Commitment and Power System Operations SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATION OF WIND POWER INTO POWER SYSTEMS AS WELL AS ON TRANSMISSION NETWORKS FOR OFFSHORE WIND POWER PLANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power into Power Systems as well as on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Power Plants CY OCT 18-19, 2010 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Hydro Quebec, REPOWER Syst Inc, Vestas, ISO New England, Util Wind Integrat Grp, SIEMENS, ALSTOM, Woodward, Silent DIG DE Unit commitment; power system operations; reserve allocation; economic dispatch; ancillary services; wind power ID STOCHASTIC SECURITY; GENERATION AB The article reviews the new requirements variable and partly unpredictable wind power could bring to unit commitment and power system operations. Current practice is shortly described and contrasted against the new requirements. Literature specifically addressing questions about wind power and unit commitment related power system operations is reviewed. Analyzed issues include forecast errors, dispatch, operating reserves, intra-day unit commitments, and sharing reserves across interconnections. Discussion highlights the most important issues and gaps in the current knowledge. C1 [Kiviluoma, Juha; Holttinen, Hannele] VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland, POB 1000, Espoo 02044, Finland. [O'Malley, Mark; Tuohy, Aidan] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Elect Elect & Mech Engn, Dublin, Ireland. [Milligan, Michael] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Lange, Bernhard] Fraunhofer Inst Wind Energy & Energy Syst Technol, Kassel, Germany. [Gibescu, Madeleine] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Elect Sustainable Energy, Delft, Netherlands. [Meibom, Peter] Tech Univ Denmark, Risoe Natl Lab Sustainable Energy, Intelligent Energy Syst Programme, Lyngby, Denmark. [Vigueras-Rodriguez, Antonio; Gomez-Lazaro, Emilio] Univ Castilla La Mancha, Renewable Energy Res Inst, Ciudad Real, Spain. RP Kiviluoma, J (reprint author), VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland, POB 1000, Espoo 02044, Finland. EM juha.kiviluoma@vtt.fi NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENERGYNAUTICS GMBH PI LANGEN PA MUHLSTRASSSE 51, LANGEN, 63225, GERMANY BN 978-3-9813870-2-5 PY 2010 BP 399 EP + PG 2 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA BG8OM UT WOS:000392554800054 ER PT B AU Gevorgian, V Muljadi, E AF Gevorgian, Vahan Muljadi, Eduard BE Betancourt, U Ackermann, T TI Wind Power Plant Short-Circuit Current Contribution for Different Fault and Wind Turbine Topologies SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATION OF WIND POWER INTO POWER SYSTEMS AS WELL AS ON TRANSMISSION NETWORKS FOR OFFSHORE WIND POWER PLANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power into Power Systems as well as on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Power Plants CY OCT 18-19, 2010 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Hydro Quebec, REPOWER Syst Inc, Vestas, ISO New England, Util Wind Integrat Grp, SIEMENS, ALSTOM, Woodward, Silent DIG C1 [Gevorgian, Vahan] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Muljadi, Eduard] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENERGYNAUTICS GMBH PI LANGEN PA MUHLSTRASSSE 51, LANGEN, 63225, GERMANY BN 978-3-9813870-2-5 PY 2010 BP 570 EP 578 PG 9 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA BG8OM UT WOS:000392554800078 ER PT B AU Wilson, DG Robinett, RD AF Wilson, David G. Robinett, Rush D., III BE Betancourt, U Ackermann, T TI Transient Stability and Control of Wind Turbine Generation Based on Hamiltonian Surface Shaping and Power Flow Control SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATION OF WIND POWER INTO POWER SYSTEMS AS WELL AS ON TRANSMISSION NETWORKS FOR OFFSHORE WIND POWER PLANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power into Power Systems as well as on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Power Plants CY OCT 18-19, 2010 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Hydro Quebec, REPOWER Syst Inc, Vestas, ISO New England, Util Wind Integrat Grp, SIEMENS, ALSTOM, Woodward, Silent DIG AB The swing equations for renewable generators connected to the grid are developed and a simple wind turbine with UPFC is used as an example. The swing equations for renewable generator are formulated as a natural Hamiltonian system with externally applied non-conservative forces. A two-step process referred to as Hamiltonian Surface Shaping and Power Flow Control (HSSPFC) is used to analyze and design feedback controllers for the renewable generators system. This formulation extends previous results on the analytical verification of the Potential Energy Boundary Surface (PEBS) method to nonlinear control analysis and design and justifies the decomposition of the system into conservative and nonconservative systems to enable a two-step, serial analysis and design procedure. This paper presents the analysis and numerical simulation results for a nonlinear control design example that includes the One-Machine Infinite Bus (OMIB) system with a Unified Power Flow Control (UPFC) and applied to a simplified wind turbine generator. The needed power and energy storage/charging responses are also determined. C1 [Wilson, David G.; Robinett, Rush D., III] Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Resources & Syst Anal Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wilson, DG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Resources & Syst Anal Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENERGYNAUTICS GMBH PI LANGEN PA MUHLSTRASSSE 51, LANGEN, 63225, GERMANY BN 978-3-9813870-2-5 PY 2010 BP 826 EP + PG 2 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA BG8OM UT WOS:000392554800118 ER PT B AU Beilicke, M Baring, MC De Geronimo, C Dowkontt, P Garson, A Grindlay, J Harding, AK Hong, JS Krawczynski, H Kurfess, J Li, Q Martin, J Novikova, EI Wulf, EA AF Beilicke, M. Baring, M. C. De Geronimo, C. Dowkontt, P. Garson, A., III Grindlay, J. Harding, A. K. Hong, J. S. Krawczynski, H. Kurfess, J. Li, Q. Martin, J. Novikova, E. I. Wulf, E. A. BE Maraschi, L Ghisellini, G DellaCeca, R Tavecchio, F TI HX-POL - A Balloon-Borne Hard X-Ray Polarimeter SO ACCRETION AND EJECTION IN AGN : A GLOBAL VIEW SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Accretion and Ejection in AGN: A Global View CY JUN 22-26, 2009 CL Como, ITALY SP Insubria Univ, Phys Dept, Brera Astronom Observ, Natl Inst Astrophys, Giovanni Pareschi AB The design and estimated performance of a balloon-borne hard Xray polarimeter called HX-POL is reported. The experiment uses a combination of Si and Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) detectors to measure the polarization of 50 500 keV X-rays through the dependence of the angular distribution of Compton scattered photons on the polarization direction. On a 15-30-day balloon flight, HX-POL would allow one to measure the polarization of bright Crab-like sources for polarization degrees down to a, few %. Hard X-ray polarization measurements provide unique venues for the study of particle acceleration processes by compact objects and relativistic outflows. C1 [Beilicke, M.; Dowkontt, P.; Garson, A., III; Krawczynski, H.; Li, Q.; Martin, J.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Kurfess, J.] Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. [De Geronimo, C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Baring, M. C.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX USA. [Harding, A. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Grindlay, J.; Hong, J. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Beilicke, M (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012 FU NASA [NNX07AH37G] FX The Washington University group acknowledges support by NASA (grant NNX07AH37G). NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-734-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 427 BP 187 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUO06 UT WOS:000289881400039 ER PT J AU Afnan, IR Gibson, BF AF Afnan, Iraj R. Gibson, Benjamin F. BE Melnitchouk, W TI Electric dipole moment of light nuclei SO ACHIEVEMENTS AND NEW DIRECTIONS IN SUBATOMIC PHYSICS: FESTSCHRIFT IN HONOUR OF TONY THOMAS 60TH BIRTHDAY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Achievements and New Directions in Subatomic Physics CY FEB 15-19, 2010 CL Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Adelaide, Ctr Subatom Struct Matter HO Univ Adelaide DE Deuteron; Electric dipole moment; CP violation ID WEAK INTERACTIONS; POTENTIAL MODELS; CONSERVATION; DEUTERON; LIMIT AB We examine the sensitivity of the deuteron Electric Dipole Moment (EDM) to variation in the nucleon nucleon interaction In particular we write the EDM as a sum of two terms one depends on the target wave function the second on intermediate multiple scattering states in the P-3(1) channel This second contribution is sensitive to off shell behavior of the P-3(1) amplitude C1 [Afnan, Iraj R.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Chem & Phys Sci, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Gibson, Benjamin F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Afnan, IR (reprint author), Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Chem & Phys Sci, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S.Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX The work of BFG was performed under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1261 BP 3 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3479359 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BSA56 UT WOS:000284034000001 ER PT J AU Chang, L Roberts, CD AF Chang, Lei Roberts, Craig D. BE Melnitchouk, W TI Empirically charting dynamical chiral symmetry breaking SO ACHIEVEMENTS AND NEW DIRECTIONS IN SUBATOMIC PHYSICS: FESTSCHRIFT IN HONOUR OF TONY THOMAS 60TH BIRTHDAY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Achievements and New Directions in Subatomic Physics CY FEB 15-19, 2010 CL Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Adelaide, Ctr Subatom Struct Matter HO Univ Adelaide DE Belle Salpeter equations; confinement; dynamical chiral symmetry breaking; Dyson-Schwinger equations; hadron spectrum; parton distribution functions ID DYSON-SCHWINGER EQUATIONS; LADDER APPROXIMATION; PION; CONFINEMENT; THEOREM; MASSES; MODEL C1 [Chang, Lei] Inst Appl Phys & Computat Math, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Roberts, Craig D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Roberts, Craig D.] Peking Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Chang, L (reprint author), Inst Appl Phys & Computat Math, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. OI Roberts, Craig/0000-0002-2937-1361 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [10705002]; U. S. Dept. of Energy; Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U. S. National Science Foundation [PHY-0903991]; CONACyT Mexico-USA FX Work supported by: the National Natural Science Foundation of China, contract no. 10705002; the U. S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357; and the U. S. National Science Foundation, grant no. PHY-0903991, in conjunction with a CONACyT Mexico-USA collaboration grant NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1261 BP 25 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3479355 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BSA56 UT WOS:000284034000005 ER PT J AU Geesaman, DF AF Geesaman, Donald F. BE Melnitchouk, W TI The old man and the sea SO ACHIEVEMENTS AND NEW DIRECTIONS IN SUBATOMIC PHYSICS: FESTSCHRIFT IN HONOUR OF TONY THOMAS 60TH BIRTHDAY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Achievements and New Directions in Subatomic Physics CY FEB 15-19, 2010 CL Univ Adelaide, Adekaude, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Adelaide, Ctr Subatom Struct Matter HO Univ Adelaide DE Hadron Structure; Parton; Distribution; Functions ID PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; NUCLEON; SCATTERING; BREAKING; BAG AB While many models describe the proton at some low scale as composed of only valence quarks and glue, experimental data on the flavor dependence of anti quark distributions show that this picture cannot be right at any scale The non perturbative origin of the sea remains a critical question in hadron structure New HERMES measurements of the strangeness content of the proton also suggest an intriguing relation between the non perturbative contribution to (u) over bar+ (d) over bar and (d) over bar - (u) over bar Two future measurements of the non perturbative nature of the sea appear to be especially important One the measurement of the (d) over bar/(u) over bar at higher x, will be carried out by the SEAQUEST experiment at FNAL in the next few years The second a higher precision measurement of the spin earned by the sea of anti-quarks Delta(d) over bar - (u) over bar may require a future generation of experiments C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Geesaman, DF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1261 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1063/1.3479362 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BSA56 UT WOS:000284034000010 ER PT J AU Holt, RJ Arrington, JR AF Holt, Roy J. Arrington, John R. BE Melnitchouk, W TI From the nucleus to the quarks SO ACHIEVEMENTS AND NEW DIRECTIONS IN SUBATOMIC PHYSICS: FESTSCHRIFT IN HONOUR OF TONY THOMAS 60TH BIRTHDAY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Achievements and New Directions in Subatomic Physics CY FEB 15-19, 2010 CL Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Adelaide, Ctr Subatom Struct Matter HO Univ Adelaide DE proton deuteron; triton parton distribution functions; two photon exchange ID DEUTERON ELASTIC-SCATTERING; PI-D SCATTERING; TENSOR ANALYZING POWER; POLARIZATION; ABSORPTION AB Early work by A W Thomas and his colleagues inspired the first measurements of polarization in pion deuteror elastic scattering This line of research and technology developments enabled polarization experiments in electron deuteron elastic scattering as well as the widespread use of polarized internal targets in storage rings These ideas and techniques are now being used to study two-photon exchange effects and to make progress toward experiments that will allow for improved extractions the d/u ratio at high x C1 [Holt, Roy J.; Arrington, John R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Holt, RJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Arrington, John/D-1116-2012; Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011 OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328; NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1261 BP 79 EP 84 DI 10.1063/1.3479366 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BSA56 UT WOS:000284034000014 ER PT J AU Melnitchouk, W AF Melnitchouk, W. BE Melnitchouk, W TI Nucleon structure at large x: nuclear effects in deuterium SO ACHIEVEMENTS AND NEW DIRECTIONS IN SUBATOMIC PHYSICS: FESTSCHRIFT IN HONOUR OF TONY THOMAS 60TH BIRTHDAY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Achievements and New Directions in Subatomic Physics CY FEB 15-19, 2010 CL Univ Adelaide, Adekaude, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Adelaide, Ctr Subatom Struct Matter HO Univ Adelaide DE neuron structure function; nuclear effects; deuteron ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS AB I review quark momentum distributions in the nucleon at large momentum fractions x Particular attention is paid to the Impact of nuclear effects in deuterium on the d/u quark distribution ratio as x -> 1 A new global study of parton distributions, using less restrictive kinematic cuts in Q(2) and W(2) finds strong suppression of the d quark distribution once nuclear corrections are accounted for C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Melnitchouk, W (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1261 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.1063/1.3479367 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BSA56 UT WOS:000284034000015 ER PT J AU Carlini, RD AF Carlini, R. D. BE Melnitchouk, W TI The Qweak experiment: a precision measurement of the proton's weak charge SO ACHIEVEMENTS AND NEW DIRECTIONS IN SUBATOMIC PHYSICS: FESTSCHRIFT IN HONOUR OF TONY THOMAS 60TH BIRTHDAY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Achievements and New Directions in Subatomic Physics CY FEB 15-19, 2010 CL Univ Adelaide, Adekaude, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Adelaide, Ctr Subatom Struct Matter HO Univ Adelaide DE electron scattering; parity violation; proton; weak charge; weak coupling AB The Qweak experiment [1] will conduct the first precision measurement of the weak charge of the proton Q(W)(p), at Jefferson Laboratory building on the technical advances that have been made in the laboratory s parity-violation program and using the results of earlier measurements to constrain hadronic corrections When the results from this measurement are combined with atomic-parity violation and other PVES measurements the weak charges of the 'up and down quarks can be extracted The experiment is basically a measurement of the parity-violating longitudinal analyzing power in e p elastic scattering at Q(2) = 0 026 (GeV/c)(2) employing 150 mu A s of 85% polarized electrons on a 0 35 m long liquid hydrogen target The experiment will determine the weak charge of the proton with about 41% combined statistical and systematic errors This corresponds to constraints on parity violating new physics at a mass scale of 2 3 TeV at the 95% confidence level C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Carlini, RD (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1261 BP 172 EP 178 DI 10.1063/1.3479339 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BSA56 UT WOS:000284034000029 ER PT J AU McKellar, BHJ Alsing, P Goldman, T Stephenson, GJ AF McKellar, Bruce H. J. Alsing, P. Goldman, T. Stephenson, G. J., Jr. BE Melnitchouk, W TI Fermions, scalars and dark energy SO ACHIEVEMENTS AND NEW DIRECTIONS IN SUBATOMIC PHYSICS: FESTSCHRIFT IN HONOUR OF TONY THOMAS 60TH BIRTHDAY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Achievements and New Directions in Subatomic Physics CY FEB 15-19, 2010 CL Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Adelaide, Ctr Subatom Struct Matter HO Univ Adelaide DE Dark Energy; Neutral Fermions AB We present a model in which neutral fermions weakly interacting with light scalars can lead to a regime in which the equation of state parameter is near (but above) 1 for a range of values of the red shift z Our model is distinguished from many scalar field models which give a cosmic acceleration by requiring that the equation of state parameter approaches 0 as the density of our fermions approaches zero, and approaches the value for a relativistic gas in the early universe C1 [McKellar, Bruce H. J.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Alsing, P.; Stephenson, G. J., Jr.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Goldman, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McKellar, BHJ (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. FU Australian ARC; NNSA of U.S. DOE at LANL [DE-AC52-06NA25396.NNSA] FX We are grateful to the organisers of this workshop for the opportunity to explain the recent developments in models we talked about in Adelaide earlier. We acknowledge the support of the Australian ARC, and the NNSA of the U.S. DOE at LANL (Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396.NNSA), and the Stephenson and McKellar pension funds. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1261 BP 191 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3479342 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BSA56 UT WOS:000284034000032 ER PT J AU Tsushima, K Guichon, PAM AF Tsushima, K. Guichon, P. A. M. BE Melnitchouk, W TI Hypernuclei in the quark-meson coupling model SO ACHIEVEMENTS AND NEW DIRECTIONS IN SUBATOMIC PHYSICS: FESTSCHRIFT IN HONOUR OF TONY THOMAS 60TH BIRTHDAY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Achievements and New Directions in Subatomic Physics CY FEB 15-19, 2010 CL Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Adelaide, Ctr Subatom Struct Matter HO Univ Adelaide DE Quark-meson coupling model; Hypernuclei color magnetic hyperfine interaction ID NUCLEAR-MATTER; LAMBDA-HYPERNUCLEI; HADRONS; SIGMA AB We present results of hypernuclei calculated in the latest quark meson coupling (QMC) model, where the effect of the mean scalar field in medium on the one-gluon exchange hyperfine interaction, is also included self-consistently The extra repulsion associated with this increased hyperfine interaction in medium completely changes the predictions for E hypernuclei Whereas in the earlier version of QMC they were bound by an amount similar to A hypernuclei, they are unbound in the latest version of QMC in qualitative agreement with the experimental absence of such states C1 [Tsushima, K.] Thomas Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Guichon, P. A. M.] CEA Saclay, SPhN DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Tsushima, K (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. FU warm hospitality at University of Alberta; Forschungszentrum-Julich [41445282]; FAPESP [2003/06814-8]; NSERCC FX The authors would like to thank Professor A W Thomas for the hospitality at CSSM, Adelaide, where this work was initiated. KT acknowledges support and warm hospitality at University of Alberta, where main part of the calculation was completed. He would also like to thank Professors F S Navarra and M Nielsen for making it possible to use the computer facility in University Sao Paulo to perform new calculations. KT was supported by the Forschungszentrum-Julich, contract no 41445282 (COSY-058), and is supported by FAPESP contract 2003/06814-8. The work of FK is supported by NSERCC. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1261 BP 232 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3479350 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BSA56 UT WOS:000284034000039 ER PT J AU O'Connell, HB AF O'Connell, Heath B. BE Melnitchouk, W TI A Tony Thomas-inspired guide to INSPIRE SO ACHIEVEMENTS AND NEW DIRECTIONS IN SUBATOMIC PHYSICS: FESTSCHRIFT IN HONOUR OF TONY THOMAS 60TH BIRTHDAY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Achievements and New Directions in Subatomic Physics CY FEB 15-19, 2010 CL Univ Adelaide, Adekaude, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Adelaide, Ctr Subatom Struct Matter HO Univ Adelaide DE SPIRES; INSPIRE database; library literature AB The SPIRES database was created in the late 1960s to catalogue the high energy physics preprints received by the SLAC Library In the early 1990s it became the first database on the web and the firs website outside of Europe Although indispensible to the HEP community, its aging software infrastructure is becoming a serious liability In a joint project involving CERN DESY Fermilab and SLAC a new database INSPIRE is being created to replace SPIRES using CERN s modern open source Invenio database software INSPIRE will maintain the content and functionality of S FIRES plus many new features I describe this evolution from the birth of SPIRES to the current day noting that the career of Tony Thomas spans this timeline C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP O'Connell, HB (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI O'Connell, Heath/0000-0002-1895-5310 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1261 BP 265 EP 270 DI 10.1063/1.3479356 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BSA56 UT WOS:000284034000044 ER PT J AU Rouson, DWI Adalsteinsson, H Xia, J AF Rouson, Damian W. I. Adalsteinsson, Helgi Xia, Jim TI Design Patterns for Multiphysics Modeling in Fortran 2003 and C++ SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Design; Languages; Design patterns; multiphysics modeling; Lorenz equations ID REYNOLDS-NUMBER; FLOW; ARCHITECTURE; TURBULENCE; SOFTWARE AB We present three new object-oriented software design patterns in Fortran 2003 and C++. These patterns integrate coupled differential equations, facilitating the flexible swapping of physical and numerical software abstractions at compile-time and runtime. The Semi-Discrete pattern supports the time advancement of a dynamical system encapsulated in a single abstract data type (ADT). The Puppeteer pattern combines ADTs into a multiphysics package, mediates interabstraction communications, and enables implicit marching even when nonlinear terms couple separate ADTs with private data. The Surrogate pattern emulates C++ forward references in Fortran 2003. After code demonstrations using the Lorenz equations, we provide architectural descriptions of our use of the new patterns in extending the Rouson et al. [2008a] Navier-Stokes solver to simulate multiphysics phenomena. We also describe the relationships between the new patterns and two previously developed architectural elements: the Strategy pattern of Gamma et al. [1995] and the template emulation technique of Akin [2003]. This report demonstrates how these patterns manage complexity by providing logical separation between individual physics models and the control logic that bridges between them. Additionally, it shows how language features such as operator overloading and automated memory management enable a clear mathematical notation for model bridging and system evolution. C1 [Rouson, Damian W. I.; Adalsteinsson, Helgi] Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Comp R&D, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Xia, Jim] IBM Corp, IBM Toronto Lab, Markham, ON L6G 1C7, Canada. RP Rouson, DWI (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Comp R&D, MS 9158, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rouson@sandia.gov; hadalst@sandia.gov; jimxia@ca.ibm.com FU Office of Naval Research, Research Foundation of the City University of New York [N00014-08-1-0086] FX D. Rouson acknowledges supported from the Office of Naval Research (Contract N00014-08-1-0086) via the Research Foundation of the City University of New York. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0098-3500 J9 ACM T MATH SOFTWARE JI ACM Trans. Math. Softw. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 37 IS 1 AR 3 DI 10.1145/1644001.1644004 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 549EO UT WOS:000274028800003 ER PT J AU Dubois, D Dubois, A Boorman, T Connor, C Poole, S AF Dubois, David Dubois, Andrew Boorman, Thomas Connor, Carolyn Poole, Steve TI Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication on a Reconfigurable Supercomputer with Application SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON RECONFIGURABLE TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Performance; Algorithms; Design; Accelerator; architecture; reconfigurable; hybrid computing; FPGA; conjugate gradient; sparse matrix-vector multiplication; reconfigurable hardware; iterative methods AB Double precision floating point Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication (SMVM) is a critical computational kernel used in iterative solvers for systems of sparse linear equations. The poor data locality exhibited by sparse matrices along with the high memory bandwidth requirements of SMVM result in poor performance on general purpose processors. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) offer a possible alternative with their customizable and application-targeted memory sub-system and processing elements. In this work we investigate two separate implementations of the SMVM on an SRC-6 MAPStation workstation. The first implementation investigates the peak performance capability, while the second implementation balances the amount of instantiated logic with the available sustained bandwidth of the FPGA subsystem. Both implementations yield the same sustained performance with the second producing a much more efficient solution. The metrics of processor and application balance are introduced to help provide some insight into the efficiencies of the FPGA and CPU based solutions explicitly showing the tight coupling of the available bandwidth to peak floating point performance. Due to the FPGAs ability to balance the amount of implemented logic to the available memory bandwidth it can provide a much more efficient solution. Finally, making use of the lessons learned implementing the SMVM, we present a fully implemented non-preconditioned Conjugate Gradient Algorithm utilizing the second SMVM design. C1 [Dubois, David; Dubois, Andrew; Boorman, Thomas; Connor, Carolyn] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Poole, Steve] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dubois, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mailstop B272,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dhd@lanl.gov; ajd@lanl.gov; tmb@lanl.gov; connor@lanl.gov; spoole@ornl.gov FU Los Alamos National Laboratory [LA-UR-09-04151] FX This article is published under Los Alamos National Laboratory Grant LA-UR-09-04151. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 1936-7406 J9 ACM T RECONFIG TECHN JI ACM T. Reconfigurable Technol. Syst. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 3 IS 1 AR 2 DI 10.1145/1661438.1661440 PG 31 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA V20VF UT WOS:000208166800002 ER PT J AU Hooker, JM Kim, SW Alexoff, D Xu, YW Shea, C Reid, A Volkow, N Fowler, JS AF Hooker, Jacob M. Kim, Sung Won Alexoff, David Xu, Youwen Shea, Colleen Reid, Alicia Volkow, Nora Fowler, Joanna S. TI Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor MS-275 Exhibits Poor Brain Penetration: Pharmacokinetic Studies of [C-11]MS-275 using Positron Emission Tomography SO ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MS-275; entinostat; carbon-11; PET; HDAC; histone deacetylase; epigenetics; brain ID REFRACTORY SOLID TUMORS; P-GLYCOPROTEIN; PHASE-I; DISORDERS; CULTURES; CANCER; MEMORY; CELLS; TRIAL; ROOT AB MS-275 (entinostat) is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor currently in clinical trials for the treatment of several types of cancer. Recent reports have noted that MS-275 can cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and cause region-specific changes in rodent brain histone acetylation. To characterize the pharmacokinetics and distribution of MS-275 in the brain using positron emission tomography (PET), we labeled the carbamate carbon of MS-275 with carbon-11. Using PET, we determined that [C-11]MS-275 has low uptake in brain tissue when administered intravenously to nonhuman primates. In rodent studies, we observed that pharmacokinetics and brain accumulation of [C-11]MS-275 were not changed by the coadministration of large doses of unlabeled MS-275. These results, which both highlight the poor brain penetration of MS-275, clearly suggest its limitation as a therapeutic agent for the central nervous system (CNS). Moreover, our study demonstrates the effectiveness of PET at providing brain pharmacokinetic data for HDAC inhibitors. These data are important not only for the development of new compounds for peripheral cancer treatment (where CNS exclusion is often advantageous) but also for the treatment of neurological disorders (where CNS penetration is critical). C1 [Hooker, Jacob M.; Kim, Sung Won; Alexoff, David; Xu, Youwen; Shea, Colleen; Reid, Alicia; Volkow, Nora; Fowler, Joanna S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kim, Sung Won; Volkow, Nora] NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Reid, Alicia] CUNY Medgar Evers Coll, Sch Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11225 USA. [Volkow, Nora] NIDA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Hooker, JM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hooker@bnl.gov OI Hooker, Jacob/0000-0002-9394-7708 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-ACO2-98CH10886]; NIH [1F32EB008320-01]; Goldhaber Distinguished Fellowship program at BNL FX This work was carried out at Brookhaven National Laboratory under contract DE-ACO2-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy, supported by its Office of Biological and Environmental Research. J.M.H. was supported by an NIH Postdoctoral Fellowship (Grant 1F32EB008320-01) and through the Goldhaber Distinguished Fellowship program at BNL. NR 31 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7193 J9 ACS CHEM NEUROSCI JI ACS Chem. Neurosci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 1 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1021/cn9000268 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 597FY UT WOS:000277743100008 PM 20657706 ER PT J AU Gellman, AJ AF Gellman, Andrew J. TI Chiral Surfaces: Accomplishments and Challenges SO ACS NANO LA English DT Editorial Material ID METAL-SURFACES; ENANTIOSPECIFIC ADSORPTION; ULTRAHIGH-VACUUM; CYSTEINE; ENANTIOSELECTIVITY; CU(531)(R-AND-S); CHEMISORPTION; CATALYSIS; CU(643) AB Chiral surfaces serve as media for enantioselective chemical processes. Their chirality is dictated by atomic-and molecular-level structure, and their enantioselectivity is determined by their enandospecific interactions with chiral adsorbates. This Perspective describes three types of chiral metal surfaces: those modified by adsorption of chiral molecules, those templated by chiral lattices of adsorbed species, and those that are naturally chiral. A new paper in this issue of ACS.Nano offers insight into the intermolecular interactions that govern chiral templating of surfaces. This Perspective then outlines three major challenges to the field of chiral surface science: development of methods for detection of enantiospecific interactions and enantioselective surface chemistry, preparation of high-area chiral metal surfaces, and the development of a fundamental, predictive-level understanding of the origin of enantioselectivity on chiral surfaces. C1 [Gellman, Andrew J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Gellman, Andrew J.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, US Dept Energy, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Gellman, AJ (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM gellman@cmu.edu RI Gellman, Andrew/M-2487-2014 OI Gellman, Andrew/0000-0001-6618-7427 NR 34 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 4 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JAN PY 2010 VL 4 IS 1 BP 5 EP 10 DI 10.1021/nn901885n PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 547CP UT WOS:000273863400002 PM 20099908 ER PT J AU George, S Pokhrel, S Xia, T Gilbert, B Ji, ZX Schowalter, M Rosenauer, A Damoiseaux, R Bradley, KA Madler, L Nel, AE AF George, Saji Pokhrel, Suman Xia, Tian Gilbert, Benjamin Ji, Zhaoxia Schowalter, Marco Rosenauer, Andreas Damoiseaux, Robert Bradley, Kenneth A. Maedler, Lutz Nel, Andre E. TI Use of a Rapid Cytotoxicity Screening Approach To Engineer a Safer Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle through Iron Doping SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE nanoparticle; nanotoxicology; high content screening; hazard ranking; zinc oxide; dissolution; iron doping ID METAL-FUME FEVER; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IN-VITRO; PARTICULATE MATTER; CELL-LINE; TOXICITY; NANORODS; NANOTECHNOLOGY; NANOMATERIALS; TRANSITION AB The establishment of verifiably safe nanotechnology requires the development of assessment tools to Identify hazardous nanomaterial properties that could be modified to improve nanomaterial safety. While there is a lot of debate of what constitutes appropriate safety screening methods, one approach Is to use the assessment of cellular injury pathways to collect knowledge about hazardous material properties that could lead to harm to humans and the environment. We demonstrate the use of a multiparameter cytotoxicity assay that evaluates toxic oxidative stress to compare the effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2), cerium oxide (CeO2), and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in bronchial epithelial and macrophage cell lines. The nanoparticles were chosen on the basis of their volume of production and likelihood of spread to the environment. Among the materials, dissolution of ZnO nanciparticles and Zn2+ release were capable of ROS generation and activation of an integrated cytotoxic pathway that includes intracellular calcium flux, mitochondrial depolarization, and plasma membrane leakage. These responses were chosen on the basis of the compatibility of the fluorescent dyes that contemporaneously assess their response characteristics by a semiautomated epifluorescence procedure. Purposeful reduction of ZnO cytotoxicity was achieved by iron doping, which changed the material matrix to slow Zn2+ release. In summary, we demonstrate the utility of a rapid throughput, Integrated biological oxidative stress response pathway to perform hazard ranking of a small batch of metal oxide nanciparticles, in addition to showing how this assay can be used to improve nanosafety by decreasing ZnO dissolution through Fe doping. C1 [George, Saji; Xia, Tian; Nel, Andre E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med, Div NanoMed, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [George, Saji; Xia, Tian; Ji, Zhaoxia; Damoiseaux, Robert; Bradley, Kenneth A.; Nel, Andre E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Pokhrel, Suman; Maedler, Lutz] Univ Bremen, IWT Fdn, Inst Mat Sci, Dept Prod Engn, D-2800 Bremen 33, Germany. [Gilbert, Benjamin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schowalter, Marco; Rosenauer, Andreas] Univ Bremen, Inst Solid State Phys, D-2800 Bremen 33, Germany. [Bradley, Kenneth A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Microbiol Mol Genet & Immunol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Nel, AE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med, Div NanoMed, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM anel@mednet.ucla.edu RI Gilbert, Benjamin/E-3182-2010; Damoiseaux, Robert/F-1086-2011; xia, tian/C-3158-2013; Madler, Lutz/F-2982-2013; Pokhrel, Suman/I-5854-2013; Pokhrel, Suman/I-5861-2013; Nel, Andre/J-2808-2012; OI Damoiseaux, Robert/0000-0002-7611-7534; xia, tian/0000-0003-0123-1305; Madler, Lutz/0000-0002-7073-0733; George, Saji/0000-0002-8807-0737; Pokhrel, Suman/0000-0001-5712-2824; Rosenauer, Andreas/0000-0003-4742-0451 FU National Science Foundation; Environmental Protection Agency [EF 0830117]; UC TSRTP; US Public Health Service [U19 A1070453, ROI ES01 6746, RC2 E501 8766]; US EPA STAR [RD83241301]; Southern California Particle Center; DOE BES [DE-AC02-OSCH11231] FX This work is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Environmental Protection Agency under Cooperative Agreement Number EF 0830117. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or the Environmental Protection Agency. This work has not been subjected to an EPA peer and policy review. Key support was provided by the UC Lead Campus foe Nanotoxicology Training and Research, funded by UC TSR&TP, US Public Health Service Grants (Ul 9 A1070453, ROI ES01 6746, and RC2 E501 8766) and the US EPA STAR award (RD83241301) to the Southern California Particle Center. B.G. acknowledges funding from DOE BES DE-AC02-OSCH11231 and thanks Joern Larsen for the ICP-MS analysis. NR 60 TC 207 Z9 211 U1 13 U2 144 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JAN PY 2010 VL 4 IS 1 BP 15 EP 29 DI 10.1021/nn901503q PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 547CP UT WOS:000273863400004 PM 20043640 ER PT J AU Luo, Y Wang, LW AF Luo, Ying Wang, Lin-Wang TI Electronic Structures of the CdSe/CdS Core-Shell Nanorods SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE nanostructure; nanorod; ab initio calculations; core/shell; quantum confinement ID SEEDED GROWTH; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; STARK SUPERLATTICES; QUANTUM DOTS; CDS; DYNAMICS AB The electronic structures of the CdSe/CdS core-shell nanorods are systemically investigated by large-scale first-principles quality calculations. The effects of band alignment, quantum confinement, piezoelectric field, and dipole moments are analyzed and delineated by comparing the results of systems with or without some of these attributes. We found complicated interplays between these effects in determining the nanorod band gap and electron hole wave function localizations. The hole wave function is found to be localized inside the CdSe core, while the electron wave function is localized in the CdS shell, with its distance to the CdSe core depending on the surface passivation; The permanent dipole moment induced by different surface passivations can change the electron hole separation; while the piezoelectric effect plays a relatively minor role. Finally, we demonstrate that it is straightforward to manipulate the nanorod electronic structure by changing its CdSe core position. C1 [Wang, Lin-Wang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Luo, Ying] Beijing Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RP Wang, LW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lwwang@lbl.gov FU National Science Foundation of China [20873009]; U.S. Department of Energy, BES/SC [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Y.L. is funded by the National Science Foundation of China under Contract No. 20873009. L.W.W. is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, BES/SC under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This research used the resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC). NR 27 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 7 U2 59 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JAN PY 2010 VL 4 IS 1 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1021/nn9010279 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 547CP UT WOS:000273863400013 PM 20043692 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Wong, SS AF Zhang, Fen Wong, Stanislaus S. TI Ambient Large-Scale Template-Mediated Synthesis of High-Aspect Ratio Single-Crystalline, Chemically Doped Rare-Earth Phosphate Nanowires for Bioimaging SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE nanowire; metal oxide; photoluminescence; biocompatibility; cell labeling; template synthesis; crystal splitting; one-dimensional ID ENERGY-TRANSFER; LUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES; HIERARCHICAL NANOSTRUCTURES; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; COMPLEX MORPHOLOGIES; TUNGSTATE NANORODS; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; CARBON NANOTUBES; SOURCE PRECURSOR AB A simple and effective template-mediated protocol has been developed for the large-scale, roomtemperature preparation of high-aspect-ratio, single-crystalline Tb-doped CePO(4) nanowires, measuring similar to 12 nm in diameter and over 10 mu m in length. Moreover, we also isolated sheaf-like bundles of nanostructures. The synthesis mechanism likely involved a crystal splitting step. The resulting nanowires demonstrated an intense redox-sensitive green photoluminescence, which was exploited, in addition to their inherently high biocompatibility and low toxicity, for potential applications in biological imaging and labeling of cells. C1 [Zhang, Fen; Wong, Stanislaus S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Wong, Stanislaus S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wong, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM sswong@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Zhang, Fen/G-5015-2010 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0348239]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation FX We acknowledge the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-98CH10886) for facility and personnel support. We also thank the National Science Foundation (CAREER Award DMR-0348239), and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation for PI support and experimental supplies. Moreover, we are grateful to D. Wang (Boston College) as well as to J. Quinn (SUNY Stony Brook) for their assistance with electron microscopy. The authors also acknowledge the technical service and advice provided by S. Van Horn for TEM and G-W. Tian for CFM, performed at the Central Microscopy Imaging Center at Stony Brook. We also thank M. Das and R. Rowehl for their valuable help with cell culture preparations at the Cell Culture and Hybridoma facility at Stony Brook. NR 96 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 10 U2 63 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JAN PY 2010 VL 4 IS 1 BP 99 EP 112 DI 10.1021/nn901057y PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 547CP UT WOS:000273863400014 PM 20041671 ER PT J AU Watt, J Cheong, S Toney, MF Ingham, B Cookson, J Bishop, PT Tilley, RD AF Watt, John Cheong, Soshan Toney, Michael F. Ingham, Bridget Cookson, James Bishop, Peter T. Tilley, Richard D. TI Ultrafast Growth of Highly Branched Palladium Nanostructures for Catalysis SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE palladium; nanocrystals; nanoparticles; catalysis; X-ray diffraction; electron microscopy ID SHAPE-CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; HIGH-INDEX FACETS; ELECTROOXIDATION ACTIVITY; DENDRITIC NANOSTRUCTURES; METAL NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOCRYSTALS; NANOPARTICLES; STABILIZATION; HYDROGENATION; NITROBENZENE AB Palladium is widely used as a catalyst in pharmaceutical and chemical syntheses as well as In the reduction of harmful exhaust emissions, Therefore, the development of high performance palladium catalysts is an area of major concern. In this paper, we present the synthesis of highly branched palladium nanostructures in a simple solution phase reaction at room temperature. By varying the nature of the organic stabilizer system we. demonstrate control over the reaction kinetics and hence the shape of the nanostructures. Investigations into the structural evolution of the nanostructures show that they form from multiply twinned face centered cubic (fcc) nanoparticle nuclei. Reaction kinetics then determine the resulting shape where ultrafast growth Is shown to lead to the highly branched nanostructures. These results will contribute greatly to the understanding of complex nanoparticle growth from all fcc metals. The nanostructures then show excellent catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline. C1 [Watt, John; Cheong, Soshan; Tilley, Richard D.] Victoria Univ Wellington, MacDiarmid Inst Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, Wellington, New Zealand. [Toney, Michael F.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ingham, Bridget] Ind Res Ltd, MacDiarmid Inst Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Cookson, James; Bishop, Peter T.] Johnson Matthey Technol Ctr, Reading RG4 9NH, Berks, England. RP Tilley, RD (reprint author), Victoria Univ Wellington, MacDiarmid Inst Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, Wellington, New Zealand. EM Richard.Tilley@vuw.ac.nz RI Watt, John/H-1796-2011; OI Cheong, Soshan/0000-0001-6133-0829 FU MacDiarmid Institute; VUW FX R.D.T. and JW gratefully acknowledged financial support from the MacDiarmid Institute and VUW. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 41 TC 103 Z9 108 U1 9 U2 93 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JAN PY 2010 VL 4 IS 1 BP 396 EP 402 DI 10.1021/nn901277k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 547CP UT WOS:000273863400050 PM 20028103 ER PT J AU Li, XL Jia, Y Cao, AY AF Li, Xianglong Jia, Yi Cao, Anyuan TI Tailored Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-CdS Nanoparticle Hybrids for Tunable Optoelectronic Devices SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; nanoparticles; assembly; charge transfer; sensors ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; QUANTUM DOTS; FUNCTIONALIZATION; NANOCRYSTALS; TRANSPARENT; ELECTRONICS; SENSORS; METAL; FILMS AB The integration of organic and inorganic building blocks into novel nanohybrids is an important tool to exploit innovative materials with desirable functionalities. For this purpose, carbon nanotube-nanoparticle nanoarchitectures are Intensively studied. We report here an efficient noncovalent chemical route to density-controllably and uniformly assemble single-walled carbon nanotubes with CdS nanoparticles. The methodology not only promises the resulting hybrids will be solution-processable but also endows the hybrids with distinct optoelectronic properties including tunable photoresponse mediated by amine molecules. On the basis of these merits, reliable thin-film photoswitches and light-driven chemical sensors are demonstrated, which highlights the potential of tailored hybrids in the development of new tunable optoelectronic devices and sensors. C1 [Li, Xianglong; Cao, Anyuan] Univ Hawaii, Dept Mech Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Jia, Yi] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Key Lab Adv Mat Proc Technol, Minist Educ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Li, XL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM xianglongli@lanl.gov; anyuan@pku.edu.cn RI Cao, Anyuan/C-3685-2012; Li, Xianglong/A-9010-2010 OI Li, Xianglong/0000-0002-6200-1178 FU NSF [CMMI-0728197] FX We are grateful for financial support from NSF grant CMMI-0728197, and we thank Prof. Kaili Jiang at Tsinghua University for supplying the SWNT samples. NR 36 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 71 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JAN PY 2010 VL 4 IS 1 BP 506 EP 512 DI 10.1021/nn901757s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 547CP UT WOS:000273863400062 PM 20041712 ER PT J AU Franco, J Hunger, P Launey, ME Tomsia, AP Saiz, E AF Franco, J. Hunger, P. Launey, M. E. Tomsia, A. P. Saiz, E. TI Direct write assembly of calcium phosphate scaffolds using a water-based hydrogel SO ACTA BIOMATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Calcium phosphates; Scaffolds; Strength; Sintering; Computer-assisted fabrication ID BETA-TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HYDROXYAPATITE SCAFFOLDS; PROSTHETIC APPLICATIONS; PERIODIC STRUCTURES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; BONE SUBSTITUTES; CERAMICS; EXTRUSION; BEHAVIOR AB The development of materials to support bone regeneration requires flexible fabrication technologies able to tailor chemistry and architecture for specific applications. In this work we describe the preparation of ceramic-based inks for robotic-assisted deposition (robocasting) using Pluronic (R) F-127 solutions. This approach allows the preparation of pseudoplastic inks with solid contents ranging between 30 and 50 vol.%, enabling them to flow through a narrow printing nozzle while supporting the weight of the printed structure. Ink formulation does not require manipulation of the pH or the use of highly volatile organic components. Therefore, the approach can be used to prepare materials with a wide range of compositions, and here we use it to build hydroxyapatite (HA), p-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) and biphasic (HA/beta-TCP) structures. The flow of the inks is controlled by the Pluronic (R) content and the particle size distribution of the ceramic powders. The use of wide size distributions favors flow through the narrow printing nozzles and we have been able to use printing nozzles as narrow as 100 mu m in diameter, applying relatively low printing pressures. The microporosity of the printed lines increases with increasing Pluronic (R) content and lower sintering temperatures. Microporosity can play a key role in determining the biological response to the materials, but it also affects the strength of the structure. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Franco, J.; Hunger, P.; Launey, M. E.; Tomsia, A. P.; Saiz, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Saiz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM esaiz@lbl.gov FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [5R01 DE015633] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under Grant No. 5R01 DE015633. NR 54 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7061 J9 ACTA BIOMATER JI Acta Biomater. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 6 IS 1 BP 218 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.06.031 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 537BM UT WOS:000273087900026 PM 19563923 ER PT J AU Dauter, Z Baker, EN AF Dauter, Zbigniew Baker, Edward N. TI Black sheep among the flock of protein structures SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Dauter, Zbigniew] NCI, Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Baker, Edward N.] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. RP Dauter, Z (reprint author), NCI, Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Bldg 202,Room Q142, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 66 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1107/S0907444909054481 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 545TD UT WOS:000273758800001 PM 20057042 ER PT J AU Lakshminarasimhan, D Eswaramoorthy, S Burley, SK Swaminathan, S AF Lakshminarasimhan, Damodharan Eswaramoorthy, Subramaniam Burley, Stephen K. Swaminathan, Subramanyam TI Structure of YqgQ protein from Bacillus subtilis, a conserved hypothetical protein SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND CRYSTALLIZATION COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ORF1 PROTEIN; MOUSE LINE-1; CHAPERONE ACTIVITY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RETROTRANSPOSITION AB The crystal structure of the hypothetical protein YqgQ from Bacillus subtilis has been determined to 2.1 angstrom resolution. The crystals belonged to space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 51.85, b = 41.25, c = 55.18 angstrom, beta = 113.4 degrees, and contained three protein molecules in the asymmetric unit. The structure was determined by the single-wavelength anomalous dispersion method using selenium-labeled protein and was refined to a final R factor of 24.7% (R(free) = 28.0%). The protein molecule mainly comprises a three-helical bundle. Its putative function is inferred to be single-stranded nucleic acid binding based on sequence and structural homology. C1 [Lakshminarasimhan, Damodharan; Eswaramoorthy, Subramaniam; Swaminathan, Subramanyam] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Burley, Stephen K.] Eli Lilly & Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Swaminathan, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM swami@bnl.gov FU National Institutes of Health [GM074945]; Brookhaven National Laboratory [DEAC02-98CH10886] FX This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health (GM074945) under DOE Prime Contract No. DEAC02-98CH10886 with Brookhaven National Laboratory. We gratefully acknowledge data-collection support from beamline X25 (NSLS). NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1744-3091 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 66 BP 8 EP 11 DI 10.1107/S1744309109047009 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 536VR UT WOS:000273072500003 PM 20057058 ER PT J AU Magracheva, E Pletnev, S Kotenko, S Li, W Wlodawer, A Zdanov, A AF Magracheva, Eugenia Pletnev, Sergei Kotenko, Sergei Li, Wei Wlodawer, Alexander Zdanov, Alexander TI Purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of the complex of interferon-lambda 1 with its receptor SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND CRYSTALLIZATION COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CYTOKINES; BINDING AB Human interferon-lambda 1 (IFN-lambda 1(Ins)) and the extracellular domain of interferon-lambda 1 receptor (IFN-lambda 1R1) were expressed in Drosophila S2 cells and purified to homogeneity. Both IFN-lambda 1(Ins) and interferon-lambda 1 produced from Escherichia coli (IFN-lambda 1(Bac)) were coupled with IFN-lambda 1R1 at room temperature and the complexes were purified by gel filtration. Both complexes were crystallized; the crystals were flash-frozen at 100 K and diffraction data were collected to 2.16 and 2.1 angstrom, respectively. Although the IFN-lambda 1(Bac)-IFN-lambda 1R1 and IFN-lambda 1(Ins)-IFN-lambda 1R1 complexes differed only in the nature of the expression system used for the ligand, their crystallization conditions and crystal forms were quite different. A search for heavy-atom derivatives as well as molecular-replacement trials are in progress. C1 [Wlodawer, Alexander; Zdanov, Alexander] NCI, Macromol Crystallog Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Magracheva, Eugenia] SAIC Frederick, Basic Res Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Pletnev, Sergei] Argonne Natl Lab, Basic Res Program, SAIC Frederick Inc, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kotenko, Sergei; Li, Wei] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. RP Zdanov, A (reprint author), NCI, Macromol Crystallog Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM zdanova@mail.nih.gov RI Li, Wei/I-8060-2014 FU National Cancer Institute; NIH [HHSN2612008000001E] FX This project was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research and with Federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, NIH under Contract No. HHSN2612008000001E. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services nor does the mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1744-3091 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 66 BP 61 EP 63 DI 10.1107/S1744309109048817 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 536VR UT WOS:000273072500018 PM 20057073 ER PT J AU Ren, F Case, ED Timm, EJ Lara-Curzio, E Trejo, RM AF Ren, F. Case, E. D. Timm, E. J. Lara-Curzio, E. Trejo, R. M. TI Anomalous temperature-dependent Young's modulus of a cast LAST (Pb-Sb-Ag-Te) thermoelectric material SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Casting; Semiconductor; Elastic behaviour; Order-disorder phenomena ID ELASTIC-MODULI; OXIDE; AGPBMSBTE2+M AB Thermomechanical characterization is important to material evaluation and device design in the development of thermoelectric technology. In this study, we utilize the resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) technique to examine the elastic behavior of a cast LAST (Pb-Sb-Ag-Te) material with a composition of Ag(0.86)Pb(19)Sb(1.0)Te(20) between room temperature and 823 K. The temperature-dependent Young's modulus exhibits a monotonically decreasing trend with increasing temperature. However, an abnormal slope change in the Young's modulus-temperature curve around 500 K is observed. In addition, hysteresis between heating and cooling data in the temperature range of 450-550 K is observed, which appears to be dependent on the heating/cooling rate during the RUS experiments such that the hysteresis disappears when the heating/cooling rate was decreased from 5 to 2 K min(-1). In this study we propose an order-disorder transition model for the anomalous temperature-dependent Young's modulus behavior observed in this study. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ren, F.; Case, E. D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Timm, E. J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lara-Curzio, E.; Trejo, R. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Ren, F (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM renf@ornl.gov RI Ren, Fei/E-7706-2011 FU Office of Naval Research MURI [N000140310789]; US Department of Energy [DE-FC26-04NT 42281, DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Defense University Research Instrumentation Program (DURIP) [N00014-09-1-0785]; Office of Naval Research; Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy; Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies; Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX The authors acknowledge the financial assistance of the Office of Naval Research MURI Grant number N000140310789 and the US Department of Energy Grant DE-FC26-04NT 42281. The authors also acknowledge the Defense University Research Instrumentation Program (DURIP) Grant No. N00014-09-1-0785, Office of Naval Research, which provided funding for the purchase of the Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy apparatus utilized in this research. The research work at the High Temperature Materials Laboratory was sponsored by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies, as part of the High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725. F.R. would like to acknowledge the use of the scanning electron microscopy facility at the Advanced Microscopy Center of Michigan State University. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 58 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.08.054 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 527XW UT WOS:000272405600004 ER PT J AU Wicks, S Seal, K Jesse, S Anbusathaiah, V Leach, S Garcia, RE Kalinin, SV Nagarajan, V AF Wicks, Samantha Seal, Katyayani Jesse, Stephen Anbusathaiah, Varatharajan Leach, Sarah Garcia, R. Edwin Kalinin, Sergei V. Nagarajan, Valanoor TI Collective dynamics in nanostructured polycrystalline ferroelectric thin films using local time-resolved measurements and switching spectroscopy SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Ferroelectricity; Nanostructure; Piezoelectricity ID PIEZORESPONSE FORCE MICROSCOPY; POLARIZATION; EVOLUTION; CRYSTALS; REVERSAL; DOMAINS; MODEL; SIZE; WALL AB Grain-to-grain long-range interactions and the ensuing collective dynamics in the domain behavior of nanostructured polycrystalline Pb(Zr,Ti)O(3) ferroelectric thin films have been investigated. To identify the key factors and interactions controlling local polarization dynamics we utilize a synergistic approach based on focused ion beam (FIB) milled damage-free nanostructures to isolate single grains and grain clusters, time-resolved piezoresponse force microscopy and switching spectroscopy PFM (SSPFM) (PFM) to address polarization dynamics within individual grains, and finite-element simulations to quantify the local ferroelectric interactions and hence assess the weight of several possible switching mechanisms. The experiments find that of the three possible switching mechanisms, namely direct electromechanical coupling, local built-in electric field and strain, and grain boundary electrostatic charges, the last one is the dominant mechanism. Although finite-element simulations find that direct electromechanical coupling and local built-in field-induced switching are possible, calculations confirm that for the utilized material properties, the aforementioned mechanisms are energetically unfavored. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wicks, Samantha; Anbusathaiah, Varatharajan; Nagarajan, Valanoor] Univ New S Wales, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Seal, Katyayani; Jesse, Stephen; Kalinin, Sergei V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37922 USA. [Leach, Sarah; Garcia, R. Edwin] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Nagarajan, V (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM nagarajan@unsw.edu.au RI valanoor, nagarajan/B-4159-2012; Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Jesse, Stephen/D-3975-2016 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Jesse, Stephen/0000-0002-1168-8483 FU ARC DP [0666231, 0771432]; UNSW Faculty Research; Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences [CNMS2007-233]; Scientific User Facilities Division; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; US Department of Energy; Division of User facilities; BES DOE; SSPFM FX The work at UNSW was supported by ARC DP 0666231, 0771432 and UNSW Faculty Research Grant. A portion of this research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (Proposal CNMS2007-233) was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. The work was supported in part (SVK) by the Division of User facilities, BES DOE. SSPFM and time-resolved PFM are available as a part of user program at CNMS (www.cnms.ornl.gov). NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 58 IS 1 BP 67 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.08.057 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 527XW UT WOS:000272405600008 ER PT J AU Desai, TG Millett, P Tonks, M Wolf, D AF Desai, Tapan G. Millett, Paul Tonks, Michael Wolf, Dieter TI Atomistic simulations of void migration under thermal gradient in UO2 SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Molecular dynamics simulation; Thermal gradient; Void migration; Uranium dioxide; Nuclear ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; URANIUM-DIOXIDE AB It is well known that within a few hours after startup of a nuclear reactor, the temperature gradient within a fuel element causes migration of voids/bubbles radially inwards to form a central hole. To understand the atomic processes that control this migration of voids, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on single crystal UO2 with voids of diameter 2.2 nm. An external temperature gradient was applied across the simulation cell. At the end of the simulation run, it was observed that the voids had moved towards the hot end of the simulation cell. The void migration velocity obtained from the simulations was compared with the available phenomenological equations for void migration due to different transport mechanisms. Surface diffusion of the slowest moving specie, i.e. uranium, was found to be the dominant mechanism for void migration. The contribution from lattice diffusion and the thermal stress gradient to the void migration was analyzed and found to be negligible. By extrapolation, a crossover from the surface-diffusion-con trolled mechanism to the lattice-diffusion-control led mechanism was found to occur for voids with sizes in the mu m range. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Desai, Tapan G.; Millett, Paul; Tonks, Michael; Wolf, Dieter] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Desai, TG (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM tapandesai06@gmail.com FU DOE/BES funded Computational Materials Science Network (CMSN) [DEAC07-05ID14517V] FX The authors were supported through the DOE/BES funded Computational Materials Science Network (CMSN) projecton "Multi-scale simulation of thermo-mechanical processes in irradiated fission-reactor materials" and through the INL Laboratory Directed Research and Development program under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DEAC07-05ID14517V. We gratefully acknowledge the discussions with Vesselin Yamakov on the effect of stress gradient. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 58 IS 1 BP 330 EP 339 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.09.011 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 527XW UT WOS:000272405600034 ER PT J AU Gali, A Bei, H George, EP AF Gali, A. Bei, H. George, E. P. TI Effects of boron on the microstructure and thermal stability of directionally solidified NiAl-Mo eutectic SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Interfaces; Segregation; Directional solidification; Coarsening; Composites ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; FRACTURE-RESISTANCE; COMPOSITES; GROWTH; ALLOY; INTERFACE; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR; MELT AB Microalloying with 0.01 at.% B decreases the range of growth speeds over which a well-aligned fibrous eutectic microstructure can be obtained in directionally solidified NiAl-Mo. Compared to the undoped alloy, the size/spacing of the Mo fibers is larger, and the fiber density smaller, in the B-doped alloy. Annealing at 1400 degrees C coarsens the fibers by a mechanism involving fault migration and annihilation driven by diffusion along the fiber-matrix interface. The coarsening kinetics, given by the decrease in Mo fiber density with time, is exponential, and microalloying with B decreases the coarsening rate. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gali, A.; Bei, H.; George, E. P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gali, A.; George, E. P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP George, EP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM georgeep@ornl.gov RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014; OI Gali, Adam/0000-0002-3339-5470; Bei, Hongbin/0000-0003-0283-7990 FU U.S. Department of Energy FX Research sponsored by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy. A portion of this research was conducted at the SHaRE User Facility, which is sponsored by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 58 IS 2 BP 421 EP 428 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.09.020 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 534SG UT WOS:000272917000009 ER PT J AU Dmowski, W Yokoyama, Y Chuang, A Ren, Y Umemoto, M Tsuchiya, K Inoue, A Egami, T AF Dmowski, W. Yokoyama, Y. Chuang, A. Ren, Y. Umemoto, M. Tsuchiya, K. Inoue, A. Egami, T. TI Structural rejuvenation in a bulk metallic glass induced by severe plastic deformation SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE X-ray diffraction; Bulk amorphous materials; Plastic deformation; Pair distribution function ID HIGH-PRESSURE TORSION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; SHEAR BANDS; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; MECHANICAL DEFORMATION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; RESIDUAL-STRESS; FREE-VOLUME AB Using high-energy X-ray diffraction we examined the atomic structure in bulk metallic glass samples which underwent severe plastic deformation by the high-pressure torsion (HPT) technique. We obtained the atomic pair distribution function (PDF) and determined the changes in the PDFs due to deformation. The observed changes in the PDF clearly show structural disordering, which suggests structural rejuvenation by heavy deformation. However, the changes cannot be explained simply in terms of creating excess free volume, and they indicate that much more extensive atomic rearrangements take place as a consequence of deformation. Also, we suggest that the observed structural change may well be an outcome of local heating due to deformation and may not directly provide the knowledge of the atomistic mechanism of strain localization. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dmowski, W.; Chuang, A.; Egami, T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Yokoyama, Y.; Inoue, A.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Ren, Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Umemoto, M.] Toyohashi Univ Technol, Dept Prod Syst Engn, Toyohashi, Aichi 4418580, Japan. [Tsuchiya, K.] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. [Egami, T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Egami, T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dmowski, W (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM wdmowski@utk.edu RI Yokoyama, Yoshihiko/A-8603-2011; Inoue, Akihisa/E-5271-2015 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR-22725, W-31-109-Eng-38] FX Research was sponsored by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (LLH), US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR-22725 with UT-Batelle, LLC. Use of the Advanced Photon Source is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38. NR 59 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 65 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 58 IS 2 BP 429 EP 438 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.09.021 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 534SG UT WOS:000272917000010 ER PT J AU Boyce, BL Shaw, MJ Lu, P Dugger, MT AF Boyce, B. L. Shaw, M. J. Lu, P. Dugger, M. T. TI Stronger silicon for microsystems SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Lithography; Chemical vapor deposition; Fracture; Tension test; Ultrafine-grained microstructure ID GALVANIC CORROSION; POLYSILICON; FRACTURE; MEMS; STRENGTH; FILMS; MORPHOLOGY AB Few studies have deliberately varied the microstructure of microfabricated polycrystalline silicon (polySi) to examine their effects on resulting mechanical performance and reliability. In the present study, the tensile strength distributions of four microfabricated polySi variants were examined, corresponding to two different grain sizes (285 nm vs. 125 nm) in both the undoped and heavily P-doped conditions. Microtensile tests revealed that the coarse-grained materials exhibited significantly lower characteristic strengths (1.48-1.76 GPa) compared to the fine-grained material (2.80-2.83 GPa). The difference in strength was attributed largely to preferential etching of grain boundary grooves that were considerably more pronounced in the coarse-grained material. The presence of phosphorous doping had a less pronounced effect on strength values, lowering the characteristic strength of coarse-grained material by merely 16% and having little or no effect on the fine-grained material. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Boyce, B. L.; Shaw, M. J.; Lu, P.; Dugger, M. T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Boyce, BL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM blboyce@sandia.gov RI Boyce, Brad/H-5045-2012 OI Boyce, Brad/0000-0001-5994-1743 FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors would like to thank Dr L. Phinney for collaborating on the fabrication of these custom polycrystalline silicon materials. The assistance of T. Crenshaw and B. McKenzie is greatly appreciated in support of mechanical testing and SEM imaging, respectively. BLB would like to thank Drs E.D. Reedy Jr., J. Foulk, MY De Boer, T.E. Buchheit and J.S. Custer for useful discussions on this topic. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 58 IS 2 BP 439 EP 448 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.09.022 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 534SG UT WOS:000272917000011 ER PT J AU Scullin, ML Ravichandran, J Yu, C Huijben, M Seidel, J Majumdar, A Ramesh, R AF Scullin, Matthew L. Ravichandran, Jayakanth Yu, Choongho Huijben, Mark Seidel, Jan Majumdar, Arun Ramesh, R. TI Pulsed laser deposition-induced reduction of SrTiO3 crystals SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Perovskites; Thin-films; Laser deposition; Electrical resistivity; Secondary ion mass spectroscopy ID STRONTIUM-TITANATE; THIN-FILMS; ELECTRON-GAS; INTERFACES; DIFFUSION; MOBILITY; OXIDES AB We report a generic method for fast and efficient reduction of strontium titanate (SrTiO3, STO) single crystals by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of thin-films. The reduction was largely independent of the thin-film material deposited on the crystals. It is shown that thermodynamic conditions (450 degrees C, 10(-7) torr, 10-60 min), which normally reduce STO (0 0 1) substrates to roughly 5 nm into a crystal substrate, can reduce the same crystals throughout their 500 mu m thickness when coupled with the PLD. In situ characterization of the STO substrate resistance during thin-film growth is presented. This process opens up the possibility of employing STO substrates as a back-gate in functional oxide devices. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Scullin, Matthew L.; Majumdar, Arun; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Scullin, Matthew L.; Ravichandran, Jayakanth; Majumdar, Arun; Ramesh, R.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ravichandran, Jayakanth; Majumdar, Arun] Univ Calif Berkeley, Appl Sci & Technol Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yu, Choongho] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Huijben, Mark] Univ Twente, Inst Technol, Fac Sci & Technol, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Huijben, Mark] Univ Twente, Inst Technol, MESA, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Seidel, Jan; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Majumdar, Arun] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Scullin, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 100 Hearst Mem Min Bldg, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM scullin@berkeley.edu RI Ravichandran, Jayakanth/H-6329-2011 OI Ravichandran, Jayakanth/0000-0001-5030-9143 FU DOE [DE-AC02-05-CH11231]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX The authors acknowledge support from DOE Grant #DE-AC02-05-CH11231. J. Seidel acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. NR 36 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 58 IS 2 BP 457 EP 463 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.09.024 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 534SG UT WOS:000272917000013 ER PT J AU Ye, J Mishra, RK Pelton, AR Minor, AM AF Ye, Jia Mishra, Raja K. Pelton, Alan R. Minor, Andrew M. TI Direct observation of the NiTi martensitic phase transformation in nanoscale volumes SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Transmission electron microscopy; Compression; Phase transformation; Shape memory alloys; Ni-Ti ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOY; THIN-FILMS; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; TINI MARTENSITE; R-PHASE; NANOCRYSTALLINE; COMPRESSION; MICROSTRUCTURE; DIFFRACTION AB We report on quantitative in situ transmission electron microscopy nanocompression tests used to study the deformation behavior of NiTi pillars on the nanometer scale. By recording the diffraction patterns in real time we have obtained direct evidence that the stress-induced B2 to B19' (austenite to martensite) transformation exists in NiTi even when the sample size is below 200 mn. Correlation of the appearance of the B19' phase in the diffraction pattern with our quantitative data showed that the transformation starts at approximately 1 GPa. We found that the transformation occurred through a multi-step process, and that the reverse transformation did not occur due to extensive deformation of the B19' phase. Our results have direct implications for the application of the shape memory effect in nano-scale NiTi devices. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Ye, Jia; Minor, Andrew M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ye, Jia; Minor, Andrew M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mishra, Raja K.] Gen Motors Res & Dev Ctr, Warren, MI 48090 USA. [Pelton, Alan R.] NDC, Fremont, CA 94539 USA. RP Minor, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aminor@berkeley.edu FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; General Motors Research and Development Center FX The authors would like to acknowledge helpful conversations with Oden L. Warren and Thomas LaGrange. This research was supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy under Contract # DE-AC02-05CH11231 and the General Motors Research and Development Center. NR 59 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 72 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 58 IS 2 BP 490 EP 498 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.09.027 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 534SG UT WOS:000272917000016 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Bei, H Chen, SL George, EP Tiley, J Chang, YA AF Yang, Ying Bei, H. Chen, Shuanglin George, E. P. Tiley, Jaimie Chang, Y. Austin TI Effects of Ti, Zr, and Hf on the phase stability of Mo_ss + Mo3Si + Mo5SiB2 alloys at 1600 degrees C SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Refractory metals; Silicides; Multicomponent phase equilibrium; CALPHAD; Thermodynamics ID SI-B ALLOYS; THERMODYNAMIC ASSESSMENT; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; SYSTEM; MATRIX AB Understanding the stability of the three-phase Mo_ss + Mo3Si + Mo5SiB2 region is important for alloy design of Mo-Si-B-based refractory metal inter-metallic composites. In this work, thermodynamic modeling is coupled with guided experiments to study phase stability in this three-phase region of the Mo-Si-B-X (X = Ti, Zr, Hf) system. Both the calculated and experimental results show that additions of Zr and Hf limit significantly the stability of the three-phase region because of the formation of the ternary phases MoSiZr and MoSiHf, while Ti addition leads to a much larger region of stability for the three-phase equilibrium. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chang, Y. Austin] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Yang, Ying; Chen, Shuanglin] CompuTherm LLC, Madison, WI 53719 USA. [Bei, H.; George, E. P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [George, E. P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Tiley, Jaimie] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chang, YA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM Changy@cae.wisc.edu RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014; Yang, Ying/E-5542-2017 OI Yang, Ying/0000-0001-6480-2254 FU Air Force Office of Scientific and Research [FA 9550-09-C-0048]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; [IAN 1413583903] FX This research was performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific and Research Contract No. FA 9550-09-C-0048 through the STTR program with Dr. Joan Fuller as the program manager under the Work-for-Others Program, IAN 1413583903, with the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. We thank Dr. J. H. Schneibel (recently retired from ORNL), Cecil Carmichael, and Larry Walker (ORNL) for experimental support and discussion. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 58 IS 2 BP 541 EP 548 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.09.032 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 534SG UT WOS:000272917000021 ER PT J AU Cao, F Beyerlein, IJ Addessio, FL Sencer, BH Trujillo, CP Cerreta, EK Gray, GT AF Cao, Fang Beyerlein, Irene J. Addessio, Francis L. Sencer, Bulent H. Trujillo, Carl P. Cerreta, Ellen K. Gray, George T., III TI Orientation dependence of shock-induced twinning and substructures in a copper bicrystal SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Copper; Shock recovery; Deformation structure; Twinning; Dislocation structure ID AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL; STACKING-FAULT ENERGY; HIGH-RATE DEFORMATION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; STRAIN RATES; FCC CRYSTALS; GRAIN-SIZE; DISLOCATION; METALS; TWINS AB Shock recovery experiments have been conducted to assess the role of shock stress and orientation dependence on substructure evolution and deformation twinning of a [1 0 0]/[0 1 (1) over bar] copper bicrystal. Transmission electron microscopy of the post-shock specimens revealed that well-defined dislocation cell structures developed in both grains and the average cell size decreased with increasing shock pressure from 5 to 10 GPa. Twinning occurred in the [1 0 0] grain, but not the [0 1 (1) over bar] grain, at the 10 GPa shock pressure. The stress and orientation dependence of incipient twinning can be predicted by the stress and orientation conditions required to dissociate slip dislocations into glissile twinning dislocations. The dynamic widths between the two partials are calculated considering the three-dimensional deviatoric stress state induced by the shock as calculated using plane-strain plate impact simulations and the relativistic and drag effects on dislocations moving at high speeds. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Cao, Fang; Trujillo, Carl P.; Cerreta, Ellen K.; Gray, George T., III] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Beyerlein, Irene J.; Addessio, Francis L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sencer, Bulent H.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Cao, F (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM fcaolan1@gmail.com RI Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy [2008LANL1026, DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Joint DoD/DOE Munitions Technology Development Program; Advanced Simulation and Computing Program; Office of Basic Energy Sciences Energy Frontier Research Center; Extreme Environment-Tolerant Materials via Atomic Scale Design of Interfaces FX The authors would like to acknowledge R. Dickerson for technical assistance and R.J. McCabe for valuable discussions during the course of this work. I.J. Beyerlein was supported as part of the Center for Materials at Irradiation and Mechanical Extremes, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number 2008LANL1026. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by LANS, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. This work has been performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy and was supported by the Joint DoD/DOE Munitions Technology Development Program, the Advanced Simulation and Computing Program, and the Office of Basic Energy Sciences Energy Frontier Research Center, "Extreme Environment-Tolerant Materials via Atomic Scale Design of Interfaces". The authors also are indebted to the reviewers of this manuscript whose suggestions have resulted in an improved technical paper. NR 48 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 5 U2 52 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 58 IS 2 BP 549 EP 559 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.09.033 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 534SG UT WOS:000272917000022 ER PT J AU Hedstrom, P Han, TS Lienert, U Almer, J Oden, M AF Hedstrom, Peter Han, Tong-Seok Lienert, Ulrich Almer, Jonathan Oden, Magnus TI Load partitioning between single bulk grains in a two-phase duplex stainless steel during tensile loading SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE X-ray diffraction; Synchrotron radiation; Stainless steels; Finite-element modeling (FEM); Single-grain strain ID DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; ISOAXIAL BICRYSTALS; LATTICE ROTATIONS; STRAIN TENSOR; STRESS; METALS; ORIENTATION; AUSTENITE; EVOLUTION AB The lattice strain tensor evolution for single bulk grains of austenite and ferrite in a duplex stainless steel during tensile loading to 0.02 applied strain has been investigated using in situ high-energy X-ray measurements and finite-element modeling. Single-grain X-ray diffraction lattice strain data for the eight austenite and seven ferrite grains measured show a large variation of residual lattice strains, which evolves upon deformation to the point where some grains with comparable crystallographic orientations have lattice strains different by 1.5 x 10(-3), corresponding to a stress of similar to 300 MPa. The finite-element simulations of the 15 measured grains in three different spatial arrangements confirmed the complex deformation constraint and importance of local grain environment. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hedstrom, Peter; Oden, Magnus] Lulea Univ Technol, Div Engn Mat, S-97187 Lulea, Sweden. [Han, Tong-Seok] Yonsei Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Lienert, Ulrich; Almer, Jonathan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hedstrom, P (reprint author), Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. EM pheds@kth.se RI Oden, Magnus/E-9662-2010; Hedstrom, Peter/F-8920-2010; Han, Tong-Seok/G-7998-2012 OI Oden, Magnus/0000-0002-2286-5588; Hedstrom, Peter/0000-0003-1102-4342; FU Swedish Research Council and Outokumpu Research Foundation; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2008-331-D00006] FX The Metals4D group at Riso National Laboratory is gratefully acknowledged for useful discussions and support with software. The work was financially supported by the Swedish Research Council and Outokumpu Research Foundation. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Tong-Seok Han's work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) KRF-2008-331-D00006, in which parallel finite element calculations were performed by using the supercomputing resource of the Korean Institute of Science and Technology information (KISTI). NR 30 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 58 IS 2 BP 734 EP 744 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.09.053 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 534SG UT WOS:000272917000041 ER PT B AU Chaudhuri, O Fletcher, DA AF Chaudhuri, Ovijit Fletcher, Daniel A. BE Carlier, MF TI Protrusive Forces Generated by Dendritic Actin Networks During Cell Crawling SO ACTIN-BASED MOTILITY: CELLULAR, MOLECULAR AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ARP2/3 COMPLEX; PICONEWTON FORCES; VELOCITY RELATION; POLYMERIZATION; MOTILITY; GROWTH; FLUCTUATIONS; DYNAMICS; PROTEIN AB Cell protrusions during crawling motility involve growth of a dendritic actin network at the leading edge. Numerous studies over the last several decades have revealed the identity of key proteins involved in dendritic actin networks and elucidated how these proteins interact with each other during network assembly and growth, enabling reconstitution in vitro. While it is clear that growth of these networks can displace loads, the mechanism and dynamics of force generation continue to be a subject of investigation. In this chapter we describe current theories for the underlying mechanism of force generation by dendritic actin networks and discuss experimental measurements that quantify the magnitude and dynamics of the forces. Reconstitution studies have played a central role in measurements of force generation by dendritic actin networks and demonstrated how the combination of a small set of proteins leads to complex history dependent growth. Measurements of protrusion in crawling cells are now beginning to test the predictions of these reconstitution studies. We conclude by discussing how dendritic actin network growth can be integrated into an overall understanding of cell protrusions during crawling motility. C1 [Fletcher, Daniel A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chaudhuri, Ovijit; Fletcher, Daniel A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chaudhuri, Ovijit; Fletcher, Daniel A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fletcher, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ovijit@gmail.com; fletch@berkeley.edu NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-9300-4 PY 2010 BP 359 EP 379 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9301-1_15 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9301-1 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BRL09 UT WOS:000282993600015 ER PT S AU Andrieux, FPL Boxall, C May, I Taylor, RJ AF Andrieux, Fabrice P. L. Boxall, Colin May, Iain Taylor, Robin J. BE Rao, L Tobin, JG Shuh, DK TI A preliminary study of the hydrolysis of hydroxamic acid complexants in the presence of oxidising metal ions SO ACTINIDES 2009 SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Conference CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID NEPTUNIUM AB Simple hydroxamic acids (XHAs) are salt free, organic compounds with affinities for cations such as Np4+, Pu4+ and Fe3+. As such they have been identified as suitable reagents for the separation of either Pu and/or Np from U in modified or single cycle Purex based solvent extraction processes designed to meet the emerging requirements of Advanced Fuel Cycles. Acid catalyzed hydrolysis of free XHAs is well known and may impact negatively on reprocessing applications. The hydrolysis of metal-bound XHAs within metal ion-XHA complexes is less understood. Using a model derived for the study of hydroxamic acid hydrolysis in the presence of non-oxidising metal ions (Np (IV) and Fe(III)), we review data pertaining to the hydrolysis of hydroxamic acids in the presence of the oxidising Pu4+ ion, under conditions where the influence of the redox processes may potentially be neglected. C1 [Andrieux, Fabrice P. L.; Boxall, Colin] Univ Lancaster, Dept Engn, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. [May, Iain] Los Alamos Natl Lab, C IIAC, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Taylor, Robin J.] Natl Nucl Lab, Sellafield Technol Ctr, Ctr Lab, Cumberland, MD USA. RP Andrieux, FPL (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Dept Engn, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. EM f.andrieux@lancaster.ac.uk FU National Nuclear Laboratory (formerly British Nuclear Fuels Ltd.); Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA); Lloyd's Register Educational Trust (LRET); independent charity working to achieve advances in transport, science, engineering and technology education, training and research worldwide for the benefit of all FX The authors wish to thank the National Nuclear Laboratory (formerly British Nuclear Fuels Ltd.) and the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) for financial support and for a post-doctoral research fellowship for FA. CB is supported by the Lloyds Register Educational Trust (LRET), an independent charity working to achieve advances in transport, science, engineering and technology education, training and research worldwide for the benefit of all. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2010 VL 9 IS 1 AR UNSP 012081 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/9/1/012081 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BSQ84 UT WOS:000285500700081 ER PT S AU Booth, CH Bauer, ED Mitchell, JN AF Booth, C. H. Bauer, E. D. Mitchell, J. N. BE Rao, L Tobin, JG Shuh, DK TI A moving target: responding to magnetic and structural disorder in lanthanide- and actinide-based superconductors SO ACTINIDES 2009 SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Conference CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID FERMI-LIQUID BEHAVIOR; RADIATION-DAMAGE; IRRADIATION; CERHIN5; DISPLACEMENT; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATION; PLUTONIUM; ELECTRONS; SPECTRA AB The effects of various chemical substitutions and induced lattice disorder in the Ce- and Pu-based 115 superconductors are reviewed, with particular emphasis on results from x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements. C1 [Booth, C. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bauer, E. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Appl Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Mitchell, J. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Booth, CH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM chbooth@lbl.gov RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Mitchell, Jeremy/E-2875-2010; OI Mitchell, Jeremy/0000-0001-7109-3505; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 FU Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DOE FX Work at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. X-ray data were collected at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Work at Los Alamos was supported under the auspices of the DOE. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2010 VL 9 IS 1 AR UNSP 012087 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/9/1/012087 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BSQ84 UT WOS:000285500700087 ER PT S AU Brown, MA Paulenova, A Tkac, P AF Brown, M. Alex Paulenova, Alena Tkac, Peter BE Rao, L Tobin, JG Shuh, DK TI Investigation of Pu(IV)-acetohydroxamic acid complex by solvent extraction with di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid SO ACTINIDES 2009 SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Conference CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID HIGH IONIC-STRENGTH; HYDROXAMIC ACIDS; HDEHP; PLUTONIUM; SEPARATION; ELEMENTS; OXALATE; MEDIA; DTPA AB The stability constant of the Pu(IV)-acetohydroxamic acid complex Pu(AHA)(3+) at 1 M ionic strength (pH = 0) has been investigated by method of solvent extraction. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (HDEHP) was used to extract Pu(IV) from perchloric and nitric acid media at various AHA concentrations. Distribution ratios over a range of ligand concentrations were used in conjunction with graphical methods to obtain log beta(1) = 14.3 +/- 0.03 in perchloric acid. The stability constant determined from solutions in nitric acid was excluded because of the uncertainty in plutonium speciation. C1 [Brown, M. Alex; Paulenova, Alena] Oregon State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiat Hlth Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tkac, Peter] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Paulenova, A (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiat Hlth Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM alena.paulenova@oregonstate.edu RI Tkac, Peter/A-5680-2012 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2010 VL 9 IS 1 AR UNSP 012071 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/9/1/012071 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BSQ84 UT WOS:000285500700071 ER PT S AU Dupouy, G Dumas, T Fillaux, C Guillaumont, D Moisy, P Den Auwer, C Le Naour, C Simoni, E Fuster, EG Papalardo, R Marcos, ES Hennig, C Scheinost, A Conradson, SD Shuh, DK Tyliszczak, T AF Dupouy, G. Dumas, T. Fillaux, C. Guillaumont, D. Moisy, P. Den Auwer, C. Le Naour, C. Simoni, E. Fuster, E. G. Papalardo, R. Sanchez Marcos, E. Hennig, C. Scheinost, A. Conradson, S. D. Shuh, D. K. Tyliszczak, T. BE Rao, L Tobin, JG Shuh, DK TI Molecular solids of actinide hexacyanoferrate: Structure and bonding SO ACTINIDES 2009 SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Conference CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; BRIDGED COMPLEXES; PRUSSIAN BLUE; IONS; FERROCYANIDE; LANTHANIDE AB The hexacyanometallate family is well known in transition metal chemistry because the remarkable electronic delocalization along the metal-cyano-metal bond can be tuned in order to design systems that undergo a reversible and controlled change of their physical properties. We have been working for few years on the description of the molecular and electronic structure of materials formed with [Fe(CN)(6)](n-) building blocks and actinide ions (An = Th, U, Np, Pu, Am) and have compared these new materials to those obtained with lanthanide cations at oxidation state +III. In order to evaluate the influence of the actinide coordination polyhedron on the three-dimensional molecular structure, both atomic number and formal oxidation state have been varied : oxidation states +III, +IV. EXAFS at both iron K edge and actinide L-III edge is the dedicated structural probe to obtain structural information on these systems. Data at both edges have been combined to obtain a three-dimensional model. In addition, qualitative electronic information has been gathered with two spectroscopic tools : UV-Near IR spectrophotometry and low energy XANES data that can probe each atom of the structural unit : Fe, C, N and An. Coupling these spectroscopic tools to theoretical calculations will lead in the future to a better description of bonding as 5f orbitals are being filled by modification of oxidation state and/or atomic number. C1 [Dupouy, G.; Dumas, T.; Fillaux, C.; Guillaumont, D.; Moisy, P.; Den Auwer, C.] CEA, Nucl Energy Div, Radiochem Proc Dept, SCPS,LILA, F-30207 Bagnols Sur Ceze, France. [Le Naour, C.; Simoni, E.] Paris XI Univ, IPN, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Fuster, E. G.; Papalardo, R.; Sanchez Marcos, E.] Univ Seville, Dept Phys Chem, Seville 41012, Spain. [Hennig, C.; Scheinost, A.] Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. [Conradson, S. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Shuh, D. K.; Tyliszczak, T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dupouy, G (reprint author), CEA, Nucl Energy Div, Radiochem Proc Dept, SCPS,LILA, F-30207 Bagnols Sur Ceze, France. EM christophe.denauwer@cea.fr RI Sanchez Marcos, Enrique/K-8931-2014; Guillaumont, Dominique/H-2508-2015; Moisy, Philippe/H-2477-2015; dumas, thomas/B-5950-2016; Scheinost, Andreas/D-2275-2010; Galbis, Elsa/F-2609-2016 OI Sanchez Marcos, Enrique/0000-0002-8367-9105; Guillaumont, Dominique/0000-0002-9329-5623; Moisy, Philippe/0000-0002-9331-0846; dumas, thomas/0000-0001-6425-6484; Galbis, Elsa/0000-0001-8521-2835 FU Groupement National de Recherche PARIS, France; CEA/DEN/DSOE/RB; European ACTINET network; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy FX Support for this research was provided by the Groupement National de Recherche PARIS, France, CEA/DEN/DSOE/RB and the European ACTINET network. XAS measurements were carried out at ESRF, a European user facility, at SSRL, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences and at the ALS supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 28 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2010 VL 9 IS 1 AR UNSP 012026 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/9/1/012026 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BSQ84 UT WOS:000285500700026 ER PT S AU Dziewinska, KM Peters, AM LaVerne, JA Martinez, P Dziewinski, JJ Pugmire, DL Flores, HG Trujillo, SM Rajesh, P AF Dziewinska, K. M. Peters, A. M. LaVerne, J. A. Martinez, P. Dziewinski, J. J. Pugmire, D. L. Flores, H. G. Trujillo, S. M. Rajesh, P. BE Rao, L Tobin, JG Shuh, DK TI Selection and evaluation of a new Pu density measurement SO ACTINIDES 2009 SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Conference CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB This paper summarizes efforts leading to selection of a new fluid for the determination of the density of large Pu parts. Based on an extended literature search, perfluorotributylamine (CF3(CF2)(3))(3)N, trade name FC-43) was chosen for an experimental study. Plutonium coupon corrosion studies were performed by exposing Pu to deaerated and aerated solutions and measuring corrosion rates gravimetrically. Samples of deaerated and aerated (FC-43) were also irradiated with Co-60 gamma rays. The samples were extracted with NaOH and analyzed by Ion Chromatography (IC). In surface study experiments, Pu coupons were exposed to deaerated and aerated solutions of FC-43 and analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS data indicate that there is no detectable surface effect caused by the new fluid. C1 [Dziewinska, K. M.; Peters, A. M.; Martinez, P.; Dziewinski, J. J.; Pugmire, D. L.; Flores, H. G.; Trujillo, S. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [LaVerne, J. A.; Rajesh, P.] Univ Notre Dame, Radiat Lab, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Dziewinska, KM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kdziewinska@lanl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2010 VL 9 IS 1 AR UNSP 012032 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/9/1/012032 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BSQ84 UT WOS:000285500700032 ER PT S AU Freibert, FJ Mitchell, JN Saleh, TA Schwartz, DS AF Freibert, F. J. Mitchell, J. N. Saleh, T. A. Schwartz, D. S. BE Rao, L Tobin, JG Shuh, DK TI Thermophysical properties of coexistent phases of plutonium SO ACTINIDES 2009 SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Conference CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID ELASTIC-MODULI; TEMPERATURE AB Plutonium is the element with the greatest number of allotropic phases. Thermally induced transformations between these phases are typically characterized by thermal hysteresis and incomplete phase reversion. With Ga substitutional in the lattice, low symmetry phases are replaced by a higher symmetry phase. However, the low temperature martensitic phase transformation (delta ->alpha') in Ga stabilized delta-phase Pu is characterized by a region of thermal hysteresis which can reach 200 degrees C in extent. These regions of thermal hysteresis offer a unique opportunity to study thermodynamics in inhomogeneous systems of coexistent phases. The results of thermophysical properties measured for samples of inhomogeneous unalloyed and Ga alloyed Pu will be discussed and compared with similar measurements of their single phase constituents. C1 [Freibert, F. J.; Mitchell, J. N.; Saleh, T. A.; Schwartz, D. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Nucl Mat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Freibert, FJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Nucl Mat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM freibert@lanl.gov; jeremy@lanl.gov; tsaleh@lanl.gov; dschwartz@lanl.gov RI Mitchell, Jeremy/E-2875-2010; OI Mitchell, Jeremy/0000-0001-7109-3505; Freibert, Franz/0000-0003-4434-3446; Saleh, Tarik/0000-0003-2108-4293 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2010 VL 9 IS 1 AR 012096 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/9/1/012096 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BSQ84 UT WOS:000285500700096 ER PT S AU Kazakovskaya, TV Zakharova, EV Haire, MJ AF Kazakovskaya, T. V. Zakharova, E. V. Haire, M. J. BE Rao, L Tobin, JG Shuh, DK TI Sorption of Np by UO2 under repository conditions SO ACTINIDES 2009 SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Conference CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID YUCCA MOUNTAIN; NEVADA AB This work is a part of the joint Russian - American Program on Beneficial Use of Depleted Uranium. The production of nuclear fuels results in the accumulation of large quantities of depleted uranium (DU) in the form of uranium hexafluoride (UF6), which is converted to uranium oxides. Depleted uranium dioxide (DUO2) can be used as a component of radiation shielding and as an absorbent for migrating radionuclides that may emerge from casks containing spent nuclear fuel (SNF) that are stored for hundreds of thousands of years in high-level wastes (HLW) and SNF repositories (e. g. Yucca Mountain Project). In this case DU oxides serve as an additional engineered chemical barrier. It is known that the primary radioisotope contributor to the calculated long-term radiation dose to the public at the Yucca Mountain SNF repository site boundary is neptunium-237 (Np-237). This paper describes the sorption of Np-237 in various media (deionized water and J-13 solution) by DUO2. Samples of DUO2 used in this work originated from the treatment of UF6 in a reducing media to form UO2 (DUO2-1 at 600 degrees C, DUO2-2 at 700 degrees C, and DUO2-3 at 800 degrees C). All species of DUO2 sorb Np(V) and Np(IV) from aqueous media. Equilibrium was achieved in 24 hours for Np(V) and in 2 hours for Np(IV). Np(V) sorption is accompanied with partial reduction of Np(V) to Np(IV) and vice versa. The sorption of Np(V) onto DUO2 surfaces is irreversible. The investigations on DUO2 transformations were performed under dynamic and static conditions. Under static conditions the solubility of the DUO2 samples in J-13 solution is considerably higher than in DW. When the pre-treatment temperature is decreased, the solubility of DUO2 samples raises regardless of the media. The experiments on interaction between DUO2 and aqueous media DW and J-13 solution) under dynamic conditions demonstrated that during 30-40 days the penetration/filtration rate of DW and J-13 solution through a thin DUO2 layer decreased dramatically, and then slowed and stabilized. The filtration rate of J-13 solution through DUO2 layer is several times lower than that of DW. If Np were sorbed by UO2 in SNF rather than being transported to the site boundary, the site boundary dose would be more than an order of magnitude lower than that calculated. If this is so, the remaining primary contributors to site boundary dose would be I-129 and the decay products of U-238. One could provide an additional barrier, a chemical barrier, to radionuclide release by surrounding the SNF with UO2. The experiments also indicate that a relatively thin layer of UO2 essentially stops water penetration. Such a barrier would deny water access to the SNF. Such a repository SNF configuration would provide reduced radionuclide transport from the drift as well as sorbing released nuclides from failed SNF pins. C1 [Kazakovskaya, T. V.] Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov 607190, Russia. [Zakharova, E. V.] Inst Phys Chem, Moscow 117915, Russia. [Haire, M. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kazakovskaya, TV (reprint author), Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov 607190, Russia. EM kaz@astra.vniief.ru NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2010 VL 9 IS 1 AR UNSP 012043 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/9/1/012043 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BSQ84 UT WOS:000285500700043 ER PT S AU Lapka, JL Paulenova, A Alyapyshev, MY Babain, VA Law, JD Herbst, RS AF Lapka, Joseph L. Paulenova, Alena Alyapyshev, Mikhail Yu Babain, Vasiliy A. Law, Jack D. Herbst, R. Scott BE Rao, L Tobin, JG Shuh, DK TI The extraction of actinides from nitric acid solutions with diamides of dipicolinic acid SO ACTINIDES 2009 SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Conference CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID SEPARATION; LANTHANIDES; CHEMISTRY; NP(V); TBP AB Diamides of dipicolinic acid (N,N'-diethyl-N,N'-ditolyl-dipicolinamide, EtTDPA) were synthesized and evaluated for their extraction capability for actinides. In this work the extractions of neptunium(V), protactinium(V), and thorium(IV) with EtTDPA in a polar fluorinated diluent from nitric acid were investigated. EtTDPA shows a high affinity for Th(IV) even at millimolar concentrations. Np(V) and Pa(V) are both reasonably extractable with EtTDPA; however, near saturated solutions are required to achieve appreciable distribution ratios. A comparison with previously published actinide extraction data is given. C1 [Lapka, Joseph L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Law, Jack D.; Herbst, R. Scott] EG&G Idaho Inc, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Alyapyshev, Mikhail Yu; Babain, Vasiliy A.] Khlopin Radium Inst, Petersburg, VA USA. RP Lapka, JL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM lapkaj@onid.orst.edu; alena.paulenova@oregonstate.edu FU INL [NL130A] FX This work was funded by INL subaward NL130A. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2010 VL 9 IS 1 AR UNSP 012068 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/9/1/012068 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BSQ84 UT WOS:000285500700068 ER PT S AU Petit, L Svane, A Szotek, Z Temmerman, WM Stocks, GM AF Petit, L. Svane, A. Szotek, Z. Temmerman, W. M. Stocks, G. M. BE Rao, L Tobin, JG Shuh, DK TI Self-interaction corrected local spin density calculations of actinides SO ACTINIDES 2009 SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Conference CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID F-ELECTRON SYSTEMS; DELTA-PU; MAGNETIC-MOMENT; PLUTONIUM; METALS AB We use the self-interaction corrected local spin-density approximation in order to describe localization-delocalization phenomena in the strongly correlated actinide materials. Based on total energy considerations, the methodology enables us to predict the ground-state valency configuration of the actinide ions in these compounds from first principles. Here we review a number of applications, ranging from electronic structure calculations of actinide metals, nitrides and carbides to the behaviour under pressure of intermetallics, and O vacancies in PuO2. C1 [Petit, L.; Szotek, Z.; Temmerman, W. M.] SERC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. [Petit, L.; Svane, A.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Stocks, G. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Petit, L (reprint author), SERC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. EM Leon.Petit@stfc.ac.uk RI Petit, Leon/B-5255-2008; Stocks, George Malcollm/Q-1251-2016 OI Stocks, George Malcollm/0000-0002-9013-260X FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center FX This research used resources of the Danish Center for Scientific Computing (DCSC) and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC). Work of one of us (GMS) is supported by by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2010 VL 9 IS 1 AR UNSP 012084 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/9/1/012084 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BSQ84 UT WOS:000285500700084 ER PT S AU Plionis, AA Peterson, DS Tandon, L LaMont, SP AF Plionis, A. A. Peterson, D. S. Tandon, L. LaMont, S. P. BE Rao, L Tobin, JG Shuh, DK TI Alpha spectrometric characterization of process-related particle size distributions from active particle sampling at the Los Alamos National Laboratory uranium foundry SO ACTINIDES 2009 SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Conference CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID RADIOACTIVE AEROSOLS; FABRICATION AB Uranium particles within the respirable size range pose a significant hazard to the health and safety of workers. Significant differences in the deposition and incorporation patterns of aerosols within the respirable range can be identified and integrated into sophisticated health physics models. Data characterizing the uranium particle size distribution resulting from specific foundry-related processes are needed. Using personal air sampling cascade impactors, particles collected from several foundry processes were sorted by activity median aerodynamic diameter onto various Marple substrates. After an initial gravimetric assessment of each impactor stage, the substrates were analyzed by alpha spectrometry to determine the uranium content of each stage. Alpha spectrometry provides rapid non-distructive isotopic data that can distinguish process uranium from natural sources and the degree of uranium contribution to the total accumulated particle load. In addition, the particle size bins utilized by the impactors provide adequate resolution to determine if a process particle size distribution is: lognormal, bimodal, or trimodal. Data on process uranium particle size values and distributions facilitate the development of more sophisticated and accurate models for internal dosimetry, resulting in an improved understanding of foundry worker health and safety. C1 [Plionis, A. A.; Tandon, L.; LaMont, S. P.] Nucl & Radiochem Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Peterson, D. S.] Actinide Analyt Chem Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Plionis, AA (reprint author), Nucl & Radiochem Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM PlioniAA@nv.doe.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2010 VL 9 IS 1 AR UNSP 012041 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/9/1/012041 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BSQ84 UT WOS:000285500700041 ER PT S AU Richmond, S Bridgewater, JS Ward, JW Allen, TH AF Richmond, S. Bridgewater, J. S. Ward, J. W. Allen, T. H. BE Rao, L Tobin, JG Shuh, DK TI The solubility of hydrogen and deuterium in alloyed, unalloyed and impure plutonium metal SO ACTINIDES 2009 SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Conference CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB Pressure-Composition-Temperature (PCT) data are presented for the plutonium-hydrogen (Pu-H) and plutonium-deuterium (Pu-D) systems in the solubility region up to terminal solubility (precipitation of PuH(2)). The heats of solution for PuH(S) and PuD(S) are determined from PCT data in the ranges 350-625 degrees C for gallium alloyed Pu and 400-575 degrees C for unalloyed Pu. The solubility of high purity plutonium alloyed with 2 at.% gallium is compared to high purity unalloyed plutonium. Significant differences are found in hydrogen solubility for unalloyed Pu versus gallium alloyed Pu. Differences in hydrogen solubility due to an apparent phase change are observable in the alloyed and unalloyed solubilities. The effect of iron impurities on Pu-Ga alloyed Pu is shown via hydrogen solubility data as preventing complete homogenization. C1 [Richmond, S.; Bridgewater, J. S.; Ward, J. W.; Allen, T. H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Richmond, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM richmond@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2010 VL 9 IS 1 AR 012036 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/9/1/012036 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BSQ84 UT WOS:000285500700036 ER PT S AU Rudin, SP AF Rudin, Sven P. BE Rao, L Tobin, JG Shuh, DK TI Alternating layers of plutonium and lead or indium as surrogate for plutonium SO ACTINIDES 2009 SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Conference CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; DELTA-PLUTONIUM; 5F ELECTRONS; PU; TRANSITION; EXCHANGE; URANIUM; PICTURE; ALLOYS AB Elemental plutonium (Pu) assumes more crystal structures than other elements, plausibly due to bonding f electrons becoming non-bonding. Complex geometries hamper understanding of the transition in Pu, but calculations predict this transition in a system with simpler geometry: alternating layers either of plutonium and lead or of plutonium and indium. Here the transition occurs via a pairing-up of atoms within Pu layers. Calculations stepping through this pairing-up reveal valuable details of the transition, for example that the transition from bonding to non-bonding proceeds smoothly. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rudin, SP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM srudin@lanl.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2010 VL 9 IS 1 AR 012098 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/9/1/012098 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BSQ84 UT WOS:000285500700098 ER PT S AU Sakai, H Baek, SH Bauer, ED Ronning, F Thompson, JD AF Sakai, H. Baek, S-H Bauer, E. D. Ronning, F. Thompson, J. D. BE Rao, L Tobin, JG Shuh, DK TI Si-29-NMR study of magnetic anisotropy and hyperfine interactions in the uranium-based ferromagnet UNiSi2 SO ACTINIDES 2009 SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Conference CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB UNiSi2 orders ferromagnetically below T-Curie = 95 K. This material crystallizes in the orthorhombic CeNiSi2-type structure. The uranium atoms form double-layers, which are stacked along the crystallographic b axis (the longest axis). From magnetization measurements the easy (hard) magnetization axis is the c axis (b axis). Si-29-NMR measurements have been performed in the paramagnetic state. In UNiSi2, two crystallographic Si sites exist with orthorhombic local symmetry. The Knight shifts on each Si sites have been estimated from these spectra of random and oriented powders. The transferred hyperfine couplings have been also derived. It is found that the transferred hyperfine coupling constants on each Si sites are nearly isotropic, and that their Knight shift anisotropy comes from that of the bulk susceptibility. The nuclear-spin lattice relaxation rate 1/T-1 shows temperature-independent behaviour, which indicates the existence of localized 5f electrons. C1 [Sakai, H.; Baek, S-H; Bauer, E. D.; Ronning, F.; Thompson, J. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sakai, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hsakai@lanl.gov; sbaek@lanl.gov; edbauer@lanl.gov; fronning@lanl.gov; jdt@lanl.gov RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2010 VL 9 IS 1 AR UNSP 012097 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/9/1/012097 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BSQ84 UT WOS:000285500700097 ER PT S AU Schwartz, DS Mitchell, JN Pereyra, RA AF Schwartz, Daniel S. Mitchell, J. N. Pereyra, R. A. BE Rao, L Tobin, JG Shuh, DK TI Detection and Quantification of Residual alpha-Phase in delta-Stabilized Plutonium SO ACTINIDES 2009 SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Conference CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA AB The temperature range of the delta-phase field of plutonium can be expanded by alloying with Group IIIA elements. Ga is a particularly potent delta-stabilizer and effectively stabilizes the delta-phase to room temperature. Due to a strong propensity towards solute redistribution during cooling through the epsilon ->delta phase field, regions of the material often do not contain enough solute to stabilize the delta-phase even after extensive homogenization annealing in the delta-phase field. The result is a small, but persistent, fraction of alpha-phase in the material. A technique using differential scanning calorimetry to measure the enthalpy of transformation of the plutonium alpha ->beta transformation is described which can detect and quantify alpha-phase in a delta-phase matrix at levels as low as similar to 0.1 wt. %. Complications arise due to interference from the pressure-induced alpha '-phase, and a peak separation method was developed to accurately measure the heat signal from each phase. A set of delta-stabilized Pu-1.7 atomic % Ga alloys was examined using the technique and found to contain 0.32 +/- 0.06 weight % alpha-phase. The onset temperature of the alpha ->beta transformation in these specimens was found to be 140.2 degrees C, significantly higher than that for the transformation in pure plutonium, 126.2 degrees C. This increase in onset temperature is a consequence of significant Ga content in the alpha-phase. C1 [Schwartz, Daniel S.; Mitchell, J. N.; Pereyra, R. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schwartz, DS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-16,MS E574, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dschwartz@lanl.gov RI Mitchell, Jeremy/E-2875-2010 OI Mitchell, Jeremy/0000-0001-7109-3505 NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2010 VL 9 IS 1 AR 012020 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/9/1/012020 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BSQ84 UT WOS:000285500700020 ER PT S AU Shehee, TC Martin, LR Nash, KL AF Shehee, T. C. Martin, L. R. Nash, K. L. BE Rao, L Tobin, JG Shuh, DK TI Solid-liquid separation of oxidized americium from fission product lanthanides SO ACTINIDES 2009 SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Conference CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID DOUBLE SULFATES; IONS AB The separation of americium from the lanthanides and curium is a requirement if transmutation of americium is to be performed in advanced nuclear fuel cycles. Oxidation of Am3+ to AmO2+ or AmO22+ may allow separation of Am from Ln and Cm in one step, since the lanthanides and curium do not have higher oxidation states as accessible. Two possible solid-liquid separation methods have been developed to address this difficult separation. Under acidic conditions using oxone or persulfate, the oxidation and retention of tracer Am in the aqueous phase has been observed with a separation factor of 11 +/- 1. Most of these studies have been conducted using (NpO2)-Np-237(NO3), (UO2)-U-233(NO3)(2), Pu-238(NO3)(4) and Am-241(NO3)(3) at radiotracer concentrations. Lanthanides precipitate as the sodium or potassium europium double sulfate salt. Under basic conditions, ozone oxidation of Am(CO3)OH(s) solubilizes Am from a lanthanide carbonate hydroxide solid phase to the aqueous phase as the AmO2(CO3)(3)(4-) or AmO2(CO3)(3)(5-) species. For the ozone oxidation of the americium tracer a separation factor of 1.6 +/- 0.8 and 47 +/- 2 for the oxidation/separation in Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 respectively. C1 [Shehee, T. C.; Nash, K. L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, POB 644630, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Martin, L. R.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Shehee, TC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, POB 644630, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM sheheth@wsu.edu; Leigh.Martin@inl.gov; knash@wsu.edu RI Martin, Leigh/P-3167-2016 OI Martin, Leigh/0000-0001-7241-7110 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2010 VL 9 IS 1 AR UNSP 012066 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/9/1/012066 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BSQ84 UT WOS:000285500700066 ER PT S AU Siekhaus, W Crowhurst, J AF Siekhaus, W. Crowhurst, J. BE Rao, L Tobin, JG Shuh, DK TI Optical properties of a mechanically polished and air-equilibrated [111] UO2 surface by Raman and ellipsometric spectroscopy SO ACTINIDES 2009 SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Conference CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID URANIUM-DIOXIDE; OXIDATION AB Optical constants of a [111] UO2 crystal, aged in air for 25.5 years, were measured in the range from .75 and 5 eV using ellipsometric spectroscopy. The ellipsometric data acquired at angles of incidence of 65, 70 and 75 were modelled by a Gauss-Lorentz and a Tauc Lorentz Oscillator, leading to dielectric constants that differ substantially from Schoenes' for vacuum-annealed [111] UO2. Raman spectra taken at 632.8 nm at normal (= 0 degrees) as well as off-normal (=75 degrees) incidence show no indication of a hyper-stoichiometric surface layer, suggesting that at room temperature oxidation of UO2 to U3O7/U4O9 proceeds slower than extrapolation from higher temperature observations predict. C1 [Siekhaus, W.; Crowhurst, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Siekhaus, W (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM Siekhaus1@LLNL.Gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2010 VL 9 IS 1 AR 012055 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/9/1/012055 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BSQ84 UT WOS:000285500700055 ER PT S AU Soderlind, P Landa, A Klepeis, JE AF Soederlind, Per Landa, A. Klepeis, J. E. BE Rao, L Tobin, JG Shuh, DK TI First-principles electronic and elastic properties of plutonium metal SO ACTINIDES 2009 SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Conference CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID DELTA-PLUTONIUM; PU AB First-principles density-functional theory (DFT) calculations have been used to investigate the electronic structure and total energy of Pu. In particular, we will present calculated electronic and elastic properties for several of its known phases. Generally, our obtained results compare favorably with the existing experimental data. Because of the limited availability of single crystals of plutonium, our calculated elastic constants are averaged to enable a comparison with data from polycrystal samples in some cases. The results presented suggest that the DFT model for plutonium is able to capture the main characteristics of the electronic structure, chemical bonding, and total energy. C1 [Soederlind, Per; Landa, A.; Klepeis, J. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Soderlind, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM soderlind@llnl.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2010 VL 9 IS 1 AR 012083 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/9/1/012083 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BSQ84 UT WOS:000285500700083 ER PT S AU Tobin, JG Yu, SW Chung, BW Waddill, GD Kutepov, AL AF Tobin, J. G. Yu, S-W Chung, B. W. Waddill, G. D. Kutepov, A. L. BE Rao, L Tobin, JG Shuh, DK TI Narrowing the range of possible solutions to the Pu electronic structure problem: Developing a new Bremstrahlung Isochromat Spectroscopy capability SO ACTINIDES 2009 SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Conference CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID CE AB Bremstrahlung Isochromat Spectroscopy (BIS) has a proven record for the probing of unoccupied electronic structure, including feasibility studies of actinides such as U and Th. A description of the BIS or Inverse Photoelectron Spectroscopy (IPES) process and of our reasoning concerning the potential importance of extending the application of BIS related techniques to the actinides, will be provided. To put this into the proper context, our past successes, using soft x-ray techniques to interrogate the electronic structure of Pu, will be briefly reviewed. Finally, the initial results of the calibration of the BIS device, including preliminary spectra from of the surrogate system CeOxide, will be presented. C1 [Tobin, J. G.; Yu, S-W; Chung, B. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Waddill, G. D.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO USA. [Kutepov, A. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. [Kutepov, A. L.] Russian Fed Nucl Lab, VNIITF, Snezhinzk, Russia. RP Tobin, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM tobin1@llnl.gov RI Chung, Brandon/G-2929-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Office of Basic Energy Science at the U.S Department of Energy and Campaign 2 of WCI at LLNL FX Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Work that was performed by LLNL personnel was supported in part by the Office of Basic Energy Science at the U.S Department of Energy and Campaign 2 of WCI at LLNL. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2010 VL 9 IS 1 AR UNSP 012054 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/9/1/012054 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BSQ84 UT WOS:000285500700054 ER PT S AU Zalupski, PR Nash, KL Nakamura, Y Yamamoto, M Martin, LR AF Zalupski, P. R. Nash, K. L. Nakamura, Y. Yamamoto, M. Martin, L. R. BE Rao, L Tobin, JG Shuh, DK TI Toward understanding the thermodynamics of TALSPEAK process. Medium effects on actinide complexation SO ACTINIDES 2009 SE IOP Conference Series-Materials Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Actinides Conference CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA ID LANTHANIDE EXTRACTION; STABILITY AB The ingenious combination of lactate and diethylenetriamine-N,N,N',N '',N ''-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) as an aqueous actinide-complexing medium forms the basis of the successful separation of americium and curium from lanthanides known as the TALSPEAK process. While numerous reports in the prior literature have focused on the optimization of this solvent extraction system, considerably less attention has been devoted to the understanding of the basic thermodynamic features of the complex fluids responsible for the separation. The available thermochemical information for both lactate and DTPA protonation and metal complexation reactions are representative of the behavior of these ions under idealized conditions. Significant departures from the speciation predicted based on reported thermodynamic values may be present in the TALSPEAK aqueous environment. Thus, thermodynamic parameters describing the separation chemistry of this process require further examination at conditions significantly removed from conventional ideal systems commonly employed in fundamental solution chemistry. In this report, calorimetric studies of lactate protonation equilibrium illustrate a distinct influence of nitrate, perchlorate, methylsulfonate and triflate on the thermodynamic parameters associated with TALSPEAK aqueous chemistry. Triflate is identified a closer non-complexing representative of lactate solution chemistry. The reported initial two stability constants for the complexation of americium and neodymium by lactate in triflate medium suggest that the identified medium effects do not significantly affect the speciation. C1 [Zalupski, P. R.; Martin, L. R.] Aqueous Separat & Radiochem Dept, Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Zalupski, P. R.; Nash, K. L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Nakamura, Y.; Yamamoto, M.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Tokai Reprocess Technol Dev Ctr, Ibaraki 3191194, Japan. RP Zalupski, PR (reprint author), Aqueous Separat & Radiochem Dept, Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM peter.zalupski@inl.gov RI Martin, Leigh/P-3167-2016 OI Martin, Leigh/0000-0001-7241-7110 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, under DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1757-8981 J9 IOP CONF SER-MAT SCI PY 2010 VL 9 IS 1 AR UNSP 012076 DI 10.1088/1757-899X/9/1/012076 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BSQ84 UT WOS:000285500700076 ER PT S AU White, JR Adams, DE Rumsey, MA AF White, Jonathan R. Adams, Douglas E. Rumsey, Mark A. BE GhasemiNejhad, MN TI Theoretical Analysis of Acceleration Measurements in a Model of an Operating Wind Turbine SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SMART STRUCTURES AND INTEGRATED SYSTEMS 2010, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems CY MAR 08-11, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE Smart wind turbine; operational monitoring; acceleration field; displacement field AB Wind loading from turbulence and gusts can cause damage in horizontal axis wind turbines. These unsteady loads and the resulting damage initiation and propagation are difficult to predict. Unsteady loads enter at the rotor and are transmitted to the drivetrain. The current generation of wind turbine has drivetrain-mounted vibration and bearing temperature sensors, a nacelle-mounted inertial measurement unit, and a nacelle-mounted anemometer and wind vane. Some advanced wind turbines are also equipped with strain measurements at the root of the rotor. This paper analyzes additional measurements in a rotor blade to investigate the complexity of these unsteady loads. By identifying the spatial distribution, amplitude, and frequency bandwidth of these loads, design improvements could be facilitated to reduce uncertainties in reliability predictions. In addition, dynamic load estimates could be used in the future to control high-bandwidth aerodynamic actuators distributed along the rotor blade to reduce the saturation of slower pitch actuators currently used for wind turbine blades. Local acceleration measurements are made along a rotor blade to infer operational rotor states including deflection and dynamic modal contributions. Previous work has demonstrated that acceleration measurements can be experimentally acquired on an operating wind turbine. Simulations on simplified rotor blades have also been used to demonstrate that mean blade loading can be estimated based on deflection estimates. To successfully apply accelerometers in wind turbine applications for load identification, the spectral and spatial characteristics of each excitation source must be understood so that the total acceleration measurement can be decomposed into contributions from each source. To demonstrate the decomposition of acceleration measurements in conjunction with load estimation methods, a flexible body model has been created with MSC.ADAMS(C). The benefit of using a simulation model as opposed to a physical experiment to examine the merits of acceleration-based loadidentification methods is that models of the structural dynamics and aerodynamics enable one to compare estimates of the deflection and loading with actual values. Realistic wind conditions are applied to the wind turbine and used to estimate the operational displacement and acceleration of the rotor. The per-revolution harmonics dominate the displacement and acceleration response. Turbulent wind produces broadband excitation that includes both the harmonics and modal vibrations, such as the tower modes. Power Spectral Density estimates of the acceleration along the span of the rotor blades indicate that the edge modes may be coupled to the second harmonic. C1 [White, Jonathan R.; Rumsey, Mark A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP White, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8058-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7643 AR 76431F DI 10.1117/12.847779 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BSS27 UT WOS:000285623500040 ER PT S AU Korneev, VA AF Korneev, Valeri A. BE Kasahara, J Korneev, V Zhdanov, MS TI SEISMICITY PRECURSORS FOR ACTIVE MONITORING OF EARTHQUAKES SO ACTIVE GEOPHYSICAL MONITORING SE Handbook of Geophysical Exploration-Seismic Exploration LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GEYSERS GEOTHERMAL AREA; CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE; PARKFIELD; PREDICTION; FAULT; ROCK C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Korneev, VA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM VAKorneev@lbl.gov NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0950-1401 BN 978-0-08-091446-6 J9 HDB GEOPHYS EXPLOR I PY 2010 VL 40 BP 5 EP 28 DI 10.1016/S0950-1401(10)04006-1 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BCS42 UT WOS:000311277200002 ER PT S AU Daley, TM Niu, FL Silver, PG Majer, EL AF Daley, Thomas M. Niu, Fenglin Silver, Paul G. Majer, Ernest L. BE Kasahara, J Korneev, V Zhdanov, MS TI ACQUISITION OF CROSSWELL SEISMIC MONITORING DATA SO ACTIVE GEOPHYSICAL MONITORING SE Handbook of Geophysical Exploration-Seismic Exploration LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VELOCITY; STRESS C1 [Daley, Thomas M.; Majer, Ernest L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Niu, Fenglin] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Silver, Paul G.] Carnegie Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Daley, TM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Daley, Thomas/G-3274-2015 OI Daley, Thomas/0000-0001-9445-0843 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0950-1401 BN 978-0-08-091446-6; 978-0-08-045262-3 J9 HDB GEOPHYS EXPLOR I PY 2010 VL 40 BP 165 EP 176 DI 10.1016/S0950-1401(10)04014-0 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BCS42 UT WOS:000311277200010 ER PT S AU Korneev, VA Nadeau, RM AF Korneev, Valeri A. Nadeau, Robert M. BE Kasahara, J Korneev, V Zhdanov, MS TI ACTIVE SEISMIC MONITORING OF THE SAN ANDREAS FAULT AT PARKFIELD SO ACTIVE GEOPHYSICAL MONITORING SE Handbook of Geophysical Exploration-Seismic Exploration LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ZONE; CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKE; LANDERS; WAVES; WELL C1 [Korneev, Valeri A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nadeau, Robert M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Korneev, VA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0950-1401 BN 978-0-08-091446-6 J9 HDB GEOPHYS EXPLOR I PY 2010 VL 40 BP 449 EP 462 DI 10.1016/S0950-1401(10)04029-2 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BCS42 UT WOS:000311277200025 ER PT S AU Kuang, P Park, JM Leung, W Kim, TG Ho, KM Constant, K AF Kuang, Ping Park, Joong-Mok Leung, Wai Kim, Tae-Geun Ho, Kai-Ming Constant, Kristen BE Subramania, GS Foteinopoulou, S TI High aspect ratio nanoscale metallic structures as transparent electrodes SO ACTIVE PHOTONIC MATERIALS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active Photonic Materials III CY AUG 02-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE 2-P mu TM; glancing angle deposition; Argon ion milling; integrating sphere; transparent electrodes ID ORGANIC SOLAR-CELLS AB A novel technique based on the two polymer micro-transfer molding (2-P mu TM) for fabricating one dimensional (1D) high aspect ratio nanoscale metallic structures is presented and experimental characterization is described. Glancing angle metal deposition and physical argon ion milling (etching) techniques were also employed in processing. The resulting metallic structures have high transmission (similar to 80%) in the visible spectrum and have superior electrical conductivity (resistance from 2.4-7.3 Omega) compared to standard indium-tin oxide (ITO) glass. Thus, the high aspect ratio metallic structures are a promising alternative with potentially superior performances to ITO glass as transparent electrodes for organic solar cells. C1 [Kuang, Ping; Constant, Kristen] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kuang, P (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Kuang, Ping /G-4103-2012; Constant, Kristen/C-3673-2014; OI Constant, Kristen/0000-0001-7138-9365; , Ping/0000-0002-5896-3032 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-252-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7756 AR 77560M DI 10.1117/12.861444 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSU68 UT WOS:000285833100012 ER PT S AU Shaner, EA Passmore, BS Adams, D Ribaudo, T Lyon, SA Chow, W Wasserman, D AF Shaner, Eric A. Passmore, Brandon S. Adams, David Ribaudo, Troy Lyon, Stephen A. Chow, Weng Wasserman, Daniel BE Subramania, GS Foteinopoulou, S TI Mid-infrared surface plasmon coupled emitters utilizing intersublevel transitions in InAs quantum dots SO ACTIVE PHOTONIC MATERIALS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active Photonic Materials III CY AUG 02-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID CASCADE LASERS AB We demonstrate mid-infrared electroluminescence from intersublevel transitions in self-assembled InAs quantum dots coupled to surface plasmon modes on metal hole arrays. Subwavelength metal hole arrays with different periodicity are patterned into the top contact of the broadband (9 - 15 mu m) quantum dot material and the measured electroluminescence is compared to devices without a metal hole array. The resulting normally directed emission is narrowed and a splitting in the spectral structure is observed. By applying a coupled quantum electrodynamic model and using reasonable values for quantum dot distributions and plasmon linewidths we are able to reproduce the experimentally measured spectral characteristics of device emission when using strong coupling parameters. C1 [Shaner, Eric A.; Passmore, Brandon S.; Chow, Weng] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shaner, EA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-252-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7756 AR 77560Q DI 10.1117/12.861060 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSU68 UT WOS:000285833100013 ER PT S AU Stoupin, S Lenkszus, F Laird, R Goetze, K Kim, KJ Shvyd'ko, Y AF Stoupin, Stanislav Lenkszus, Frank Laird, Robert Goetze, Kurt Kim, Kwang-Je Shvyd'ko, Yuri BE Khounsary, AM ODell, SL Restaino, SR TI Adaptive angular control of high-resolution x-ray optics SO ADAPTIVE X-RAY OPTICS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive X-Ray Optics CY AUG 03-05, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray optics; x-ray monochromators; feedback system; stability; x-ray free-electron lasers ID FEEDBACK-SYSTEM; MONOCHROMATOR AB Adaptive angular control of reflecting crystals is crucial for reliable operation of high-resolution x-ray optics at synchrotron radiation facilities. An anglular compensation with nanoradian tolerance is required for some advanced applications. We present a working solution, a null-detection feedback system which was successfully applied for stabilization of an x-ray monochromator with energy resolution of Delta E/E approximate to 10(-8)(E = 23.7 keV). Another possible application of the feedback system, stabilization of optical cavity for x-ray free electron laser oscillator (XFELO) is discussed. C1 [Stoupin, Stanislav; Lenkszus, Frank; Laird, Robert; Goetze, Kurt; Kim, Kwang-Je; Shvyd'ko, Yuri] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Stoupin, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sstoupin@aps.anl.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8299-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7803 AR 780307 DI 10.1117/12.862423 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics GA BSU54 UT WOS:000285829000006 ER PT B AU Kim, SH Dugger, MT Mittal, KL AF Kim, Seong H. Dugger, Michael T. Mittal, K. L. BE Kim, SH Dugger, MT Mittal, KL TI Adhesion Aspects in MEMS/NEMS Preface SO ADHESION ASPECTS IN MEMS/NEMS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Kim, Seong H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16804 USA. [Dugger, Michael T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Sci & Engn Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16804 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-9-00-419095-5; 978-90-04-19094-8 PY 2010 BP IX EP XI PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC2WY UT WOS:000351401400001 ER PT B AU Asay, DB de Boer, MP Kim, SH AF Asay, D. B. de Boer, M. P. Kim, S. H. BE Kim, SH Dugger, MT Mittal, KL TI Equilibrium Vapor Adsorption and Capillary Force: Exact Laplace-Young Equation Solution and Circular Approximation Approaches SO ADHESION ASPECTS IN MEMS/NEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Capillary forces; nanoscale; disjoining pressure; adsorption; equilibrium ID WATER LAYER STRUCTURE; SILICON-OXIDE; NANOASPERITY CONTACTS; DISJOINING PRESSURE; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; MICROSCOPY; ADHESION; SURFACE; PHASE; FILMS AB The capillary adhesion force of an asperity of radius R as a function of vapor partial pressure is calculated using exact and approximate methods assuming a continuum model. The equilibrium between the capillary meniscus at the asperity and the adsorbate film on the surface is discussed through a disjoining pressure term. It is found that the two methods agree very well over a wide partial pressure range. Without taking into account the effect of the adsorbate film, the theoretical calculation results do not show the experimental partial pressure dependence of the capillary force except near the saturation vapor condition. The experimental capillary force trend with partial pressure can be explained when the presence of the adsorbate film is included in the calculation. C1 [Asay, D. B.; Kim, S. H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [de Boer, M. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [de Boer, M. P.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15237 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM shkim@engr.psu.edu NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-9-00-419095-5; 978-90-04-19094-8 PY 2010 BP 25 EP 44 PG 20 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC2WY UT WOS:000351401400003 ER PT B AU Lorenz, CD Chandross, M Grest, GS AF Lorenz, Christian D. Chandross, Michael Grest, Gary S. BE Kim, SH Dugger, MT Mittal, KL TI Large Scale Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Vapor Phase Lubrication for MEMS SO ADHESION ASPECTS IN MEMS/NEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Molecular dynamics simulations; vapor phase lubrication; MEMS; nanotribology; AFM ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MODEL HYDROPHILIC SURFACES; STICK-SLIP MOTION; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; FORCE MICROSCOPY; SILICON-OXIDE; LIQUID WATER; FILMS; SHEAR AB While alkylsilane monolayers reduce both adhesion and friction in MEMS, experiments and simulations have shown that they are easily damaged by momentary contact even at low loads. Vapor phase alcohols appear to provide a potential solution to this problem, reducing friction in MEMS with no noticeable wear, and allowing devices to run for billions of cycles without failure. The underlying mechanisms behind both the reduction in friction as well as the healing of damage are however unclear. We report on the results of large scale molecular dynamics simulations aimed at understanding the tribology of vapor phase alcohols in contact with amorphous silica substrates. The healing mechanism is investigated by simulating asperity contact with a model AFM tip in contact with a monolayer of propanol on an amorphous silica substrate. We find that because of the low vapor pressure, alcohol molecules removed by shear contact remain close to the substrate, moving around the contact region to replenish molecules removed from the damage site. For comparison, the tribology of propanol and water confined between two opposing flat silica surfaces is also studied. C1 [Lorenz, Christian D.] Kings Coll London, Dept Phys, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Chandross, Michael; Grest, Gary S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lorenz, CD (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Dept Phys, London WC2R 2LS, England. EM chris.lorenz@kcl.ac.uk NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-9-00-419095-5; 978-90-04-19094-8 PY 2010 BP 117 EP 133 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC2WY UT WOS:000351401400008 ER PT B AU Moore, NW Houston, JE AF Moore, Nathan W. Houston, J. E. BE Kim, SH Dugger, MT Mittal, KL TI The Pull-Off Force and the Work of Adhesion: New Challenges at the Nanoscale SO ADHESION ASPECTS IN MEMS/NEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Nanomechanics; contact mechanics; pull-off force; work of adhesion; Interfacial Force Microscopy ID JKR-DMT TRANSITION; CAPILLARY ADHESION; ELASTIC SPHERES; ROUGH SURFACES; CONTACT; DEFORMATION; MICROSCOPE; MODEL; WATER; MECHANICS AB The pull-off force required to separate two surfaces has become a convenient metric for characterizing adhesion at the micro-and nanoscales using cantilever-based force sensors, such as an atomic force microscope (AFM), e.g., as a way to predict adhesion between materials used in MEMS/NEMS. Interfacial Force Microscopy (IFM) provides unique insight into this method, because its self-balancing force-feedback sensor avoids the snap-out instability of compliant sensors, and can estimate both the work of adhesion and the pull-off force that would be measured using a compliant cantilever. Here, IFM is used to illustrate the challenges of determining the work of adhesion from the pull-off force in a nanoscale geometry. Specifically, adhesion is evaluated between a conical, diamond indenter and three surfaces relevant to MEMS/NEMS adhesion problems: silicon, a model insulator and a compliant polymer surface. C1 [Moore, Nathan W.; Houston, J. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Moore, NW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Sci, POB 5800,MS 1415, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM nwmoore@sandia.gov NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-9-00-419095-5; 978-90-04-19094-8 PY 2010 BP 197 EP 210 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC2WY UT WOS:000351401400012 ER PT B AU Sadanandam, A Gibb, WJ Singh, RK AF Sadanandam, Anguraj Gibb, William J. Singh, Rakesh K. BE Preedy, VR TI Bioinformatics Analysis to Identify Cell Adhesion Molecules in Cancer SO ADHESION MOLECULES SE Modern Insights into Disease from Molecules to Man LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GENE-EXPRESSION; PHAGE DISPLAY; PEPTIDE LIBRARIES; SURFACE; IDENTIFICATION; LIGAND; METASTASIS; DATABASE; ORIGINS; TARGETS AB Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in humans. Dysregulation of cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix adhesion is the prominent feature of cancer cells during tumor formation, progression and metastasis. As regulators of tumor cell and extracellular matrix interactions, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) play a significant role in these processes. And in the case of organ-specific metastasis, certain primary tumor cells display frequent metastasis to specific organ of preference through unique interaction between particular CAMs that appear on both the surface of tumor cells and the vascular endothelium of the preferred organs. Less is known, however, about the differential expression of CAMs between various tumor types or between vascular endothelium preferred and non-preferred host tissues of metastasis. Therefore, understanding the molecular diversity of CAMs associated with cell surfaces of different types of tumors or host tissues becomes important for the development of diagnostic markers and anticancer therapies. In the post-genomic era, biomarkers can be screened using whole genome approaches using high-throughput technologies and by interpreting the voluminous data generated from these technologies. However, our limited ability to interpret the voluminous data is complemented by bioinformatics approaches. We summarize recently developed bioinformatics methods that are being used to identify and predict the functional CAMs involved in various processes of tumor progression and metastasis. C1 [Singh, Rakesh K.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. [Sadanandam, Anguraj; Gibb, William J.] Ernest O Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Singh, RK (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, 985845 Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. EM Asadanandam@lbl.gov; rsingh@unmc.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-4060-3 J9 MOD INSIGHTS DIS MOL JI Mod. Insights Dis. Mol. Man PY 2010 BP 299 EP 315 D2 10.1201/b10167 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BTA34 UT WOS:000286193400022 ER PT J AU Bradley, RH Andreu, A Cassity, K Osbeck, S Andrews, R Meier, M Johnston, C AF Bradley, Robert H. Andreu, Aurik Cassity, Kelby Osbeck, Susan Andrews, Rodney Meier, Mark Johnston, Colin TI Dependence of Water Vapour Adsorption on the Polarity of the Graphene Surfaces of Multi-wall Carbon Nanotubes SO ADSORPTION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULES AB The adsorption of water by the graphene surfaces of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in either the untreated (4.3 atom% oxygen) or oxidised (22.3 atom% oxygen) surface states has been studied. Different concentrations of surface oxygen groups, which have been directly measured using)(PS, give rise to distinctly different shapes of water adsorption isotherms. Those from the untreated materials follow the pressure axis which lends them a Type III character in the BDDT classification. However, since they display a clear point of inflection at the lowest pressure, they are strictly speaking Type II isotherms but indicative of relatively few polar interactions and weak water adsorptivity. In sharp contrast, the isotherms from the oxidised MWCNTs are typically Type II and are characterised by a marked positive curvature in their low pressure region due to the increased numbers of specific interactions occurring between water molecules and the polar surface oxygen groups. The water adsorption data were modelled by the equation of D'Arcy and Watt with a direct correlation being observed between the surface polarity parameters (a(mL) and a(0)) and also a(s) (the limiting water uptake) and the surface oxygen levels of the MWCNTs. The difference in polar surface energy was confirmed by measurements of the calorimetric enthalpies of immersion in water (Delta h(i)) which were -54 mJ/m(2) for the untreated and -192 mJ/m(2) for the oxidised materials. These values also reflect the difference in the integral net enthalpies of adsorption for the two hydrophilic surfaces: a value of ca. -35 mJ/m(2) being obtained for an oxygen-free (hydrophobic) surface. Water adsorption on these hydrophilic graphene surfaces was shown to occur by specific hydrogen bonding and was therefore strongly dependent on the numbers of oxygen-containing polar surface sites. This behaviour is well known for other types of porous and non-porous carbon materials and is also predicted for carbon nanotubes by molecular simulation studies. The work described herein therefore provides early experimental confirmation of the quantitative role of surface oxygen chemistry in determining the water adsorption character of MWCNT graphene surfaces; it also validates previous simulation studies. C1 [Bradley, Robert H.; Johnston, Colin] Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. [Andreu, Aurik; Osbeck, Susan] Robert Gordon Univ, Mat Res Ctr, Aberdeen AB10 1FR, Scotland. [Cassity, Kelby] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Andrews, Rodney; Meier, Mark] Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. RP Bradley, RH (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. EM robert.bradley@materials.ox.ac.uk OI Johnston, Colin/0000-0001-7484-6904 FU EPSRC [EP/E504707/1]; SFC [RDG1008]; EPSRC DTG FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of EPSRC (EP/E504707/1) (SO), SFC RDG1008 and an EPSRC DTG (AA) and thank Dr W. Zhou and Mr R. Blackley, Department of Chemistry, St. Andrews University for HRTEM imaging. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 14 PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 0263-6174 J9 ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL JI Adsorpt. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 10 BP 903 EP 912 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 760AI UT WOS:000290292600006 ER PT S AU Leemans, WP Duarte, R Esarey, E Fournier, S Geddes, CGR Lockhart, D Schroeder, CB Toth, C Vay, JL Zimmermann, S AF Leemans, W. P. Duarte, R. Esarey, E. Fournier, S. Geddes, C. G. R. Lockhart, D. Schroeder, C. B. Toth, C. Vay, J. -L. Zimmermann, S. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI The BErkeley Lab Laser Accelerator (BELLA): A 10 GeV Laser Plasma Accelerator SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Laser; plasma; accelerator; electron beam ID ELECTRON-BEAMS; WAKE; SIMULATION; INJECTION; PULSES; CODE AB An overview is presented of the design of a 10 GeV laser plasma accelerator (LPA) that will be driven by a PW-class laser system and of the BELLA Project, which has as its primary goal to build and install the required Ti:sapphire laser system for the acceleration experiments. The basic design of the 10 GeV stage aims at operation in the quasi-linear regime, where the laser excited wakes are largely sinusoidal and offer the possibility of accelerating both electrons and positrons. Simulations show that a 10 GeV electron beam can be generated in a meter scale plasma channel guided LPA operating at a density of about 10(17) cm(-3) and powered by laser pulses containing 30-40 J of energy in a 50-200 fs duration pulse, focused to a spotsize of 50-100 micron. The lay-out of the facility and laser system will be presented as well as the progress on building the facility. C1 [Leemans, W. P.; Duarte, R.; Esarey, E.; Fournier, S.; Geddes, C. G. R.; Lockhart, D.; Schroeder, C. B.; Toth, C.; Vay, J. -L.; Zimmermann, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Leemans, WP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 3 EP 11 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200001 ER PT S AU Power, JG AF Power, J. G. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Overview of Photoinjectors SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Photoinjector; photocathode; electron gun. high average current; high average power; high brightness ID PHOTOCATHODE RADIOFREQUENCY GUN; LASER; RF; INJECTOR AB High-brightness electron beam sources play a crucial role in many advanced acceleration schemes as well as linac-based light sources such as Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) based light sources and FELs. Three varieties electron sources (photo, thermionic, and field emission) the photoinjector is especially attractive due to its innate ability to control the time structure of intense electron bunches with low transverse and longitudinal emittance. In all cases, the quality of the bunch begins with the intrinsic emittance and time response of the photocathode, and we discuss the trade-offs involved between the various material choices. A variety of longitudinal laser pulse-shaping techniques are currently being developed to linearize space charge forces or create trains of ultra-short bunches. The emittance compensation technique mitigates the growth of the projected emittance due to the linear space charge force while the bunch is accelerated and compressed in an injector. While the normal conducting rf photoinjector is the workhorse of this field, the dc photoinjector is being pushed to its high-voltage limits, and the year 2010 promises to be a critical year for the superconducting rf photoinjector. Parallel to the development of the hardware, rapid progress has also been made with modeling codes, theory, and bench marking of diagnostics. We attempt to give both a tutorial of photoinjectors and a review of the current state of the art in this rapidly developing field. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Power, JG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 20 EP 28 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200003 ER PT S AU Matlis, NH Bakeman, M Geddes, CGR Gonsalves, T Lin, C Nakamura, K Osterhoff, J Plateau, GR Schroeder, CB Shiraishi, S Sokollik, T van Tilborg, J Toth, C Leemans, WP AF Matlis, N. H. Bakeman, M. Geddes, C. G. R. Gonsalves, T. Lin, C. Nakamura, K. Osterhoff, J. Plateau, G. R. Schroeder, C. B. Shiraishi, S. Sokollik, T. van Tilborg, J. Toth, Cs. Leemans, W. P. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Ultrafast Diagnostics for Electron Beams from Laser Plasma Accelerators SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE THz; Wakefield; Laser; Plasma; Accelerator; Diagnostic ID TERAHERTZ PULSE MEASUREMENT; RADIATION; BUNCHES; UNDULATOR; DRIVEN AB We present an overview of diagnostic techniques for measuring key parameters of electron bunches from Laser Plasma Accelerators (LPAs). The diagnostics presented here were chosen because they highlight the unique advantages (e.g. diverse forms of electromagnetic emission) and difficulties (e.g. shot-to-shot variability) associated with LPAs. Non destructiveness and high resolution (in space and time and energy) are key attributes that enable the formation of a comprehensive suite of simultaneous diagnostics which are necessary for the full characterization of the ultrashort, but highly-variable electron bunches from LPAs. C1 [Matlis, N. H.; Bakeman, M.; Geddes, C. G. R.; Gonsalves, T.; Lin, C.; Nakamura, K.; Osterhoff, J.; Plateau, G. R.; Schroeder, C. B.; Shiraishi, S.; Sokollik, T.; van Tilborg, J.; Toth, Cs.; Leemans, W. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Matlis, NH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sokollik, Thomas/P-2584-2015; OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 43 EP 51 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200006 ER PT S AU Schroeder, CB Esarey, E Benedetti, C Toth, C Geddes, CGR Leemans, WP AF Schroeder, C. B. Esarey, E. Benedetti, C. Toth, Cs. Geddes, C. G. R. Leemans, W. P. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Design Considerations for Plasma Accelerators Driven by Lasers or Particle Beams SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland ID WAKE-FIELD ACCELERATOR; WAKEFIELD ACCELERATION; ELECTRON-ACCELERATORS; WAVE BREAKING; PULSES; INJECTION; DYNAMICS AB Plasma accelerators may be driven by the ponderomotive force of an intense laser or the space-charge force of a charged particle beam. The implications for accelerator design and the different physical mechanisms of laser-driven and beam-driven plasma acceleration are discussed. Driver propagation is examined, as well as the effects of the excited plasma wave phase velocity. The driver coupling to subsequent plasma accelerator stages for high-energy physics applications is addressed. C1 [Schroeder, C. B.; Esarey, E.; Benedetti, C.; Toth, Cs.; Geddes, C. G. R.; Leemans, W. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schroeder, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 60 EP 66 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200008 ER PT S AU Geddes, CGR Clayton, C Lu, W Thomas, AGR AF Geddes, C. G. R. Clayton, C. Lu, W. Thomas, A. G. R. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Summary Report of Working Group 1: Laser-Plasma Acceleration SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Laser Plasma Electron Acceleration ID ELECTRON-BEAMS; INJECTION; PULSES; WAKEFIELDS; BREAKING; GASES AB Advances in and physics of the acceleration of particles using underdense plasma structures driven by lasers were the topics of presentations and discussions in Working Group 1 of the 2010 Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop. Such accelerators have demonstrated gradients several orders beyond conventional machines, with quasi-monoenergetic beams at MeV-GeV energies, making them attractive candidates for next generation accelerators. Workshop discussions included advances in control over injection and laser propagation to further improve beam quality and stability, detailed diagnostics and physics models of the acceleration process, radiation generation as a source and diagnostic, and technological tools and upcoming facilities to extend the reach of laser-plasma accelerators. C1 [Geddes, C. G. R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, LOASIS Program, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Clayton, C.; Lu, W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Thomas, A. G. R.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Geddes, CGR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, LOASIS Program, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Thomas, Alexander/D-8210-2011; Lu, Wei/F-2504-2016; OI Thomas, Alexander/0000-0003-3206-8512 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 79 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200010 ER PT S AU Solyak, N Cowan, BM AF Solyak, N. Cowan, B. M. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Summary Report of Working Group 3: High Gradient and Laser-Structure Based Acceleration SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Accelerating structure; high gradient; breakdown; wakefield; dielectric wakefield acceleration; laser-driven acceleration AB The charge for the working group on high gradient and laser-structure based acceleration was to assess the current challenges involved in developing an advanced accelerator based on electromagnetic structures, and survey state-of-the-art methods to address those challenges. The topics of more than 50 presentations in the working group covered a very broad range of issues, from ideas, theoretical models and simulations, to design and manufacturing of accelerating structures and, finally, experimental results on obtaining extremely high accelerating gradients in structures from conventional microwave frequency range up to THz and laser frequencies. Workshop discussion topics included advances in the understanding of the physics of breakdown and other phenomena, limiting high gradient performance of accelerating structures. New results presented in this workshop demonstrated significant progress in the fields of conventional vacuum structure-based acceleration, dielectric wakefield acceleration, and laser-structure acceleration. C1 [Solyak, N.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Cowan, B. M.] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Solyak, N (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 92 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200012 ER PT S AU Church, M Kim, K AF Church, Mike Kim, Kiyong BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Summary Report of Working Group 5: Beam and Radiation Generation, Monitoring, and Control SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Beams Radiation Diagnostics Cathodes Terahertz AB This paper summarizes the activities and presentations of Working Group 5 of the Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop held at Annapolis, Maryland in June 2010. Working Group 5 touched on a broad range of topics in the fields of beam and radiation generation and their monitoring and control. These topics were not comprehensively covered in this Workshop, but rather the Working Group concentrated on specific new developments and recent investigations. The Working Group divided its sessions into four broad categories: cathodes and electron guns, radiation generation, beam diagnostics, and beam control and dynamics. This summary is divided into the same structure. C1 [Church, Mike] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Kim, Kiyong] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Church, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 104 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200014 ER PT S AU Pogorelsky, IV Johnson, R AF Pogorelsky, Igor V. Johnson, Rolland BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Summary Report of Working Group 6: Ions and Leptons - Advanced Concepts SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE ultrafast lasers; ion acceleration; electron acceleration; muon beams; ionization cooling AB We summarize the presentations and discussions at the Working Group #6 at the AAC 2010. The topics include ion acceleration, muon-beam cooling, electrons acceleration by PASER and IFEL, and the new ideas and proposals on advanced accelerator techniques. C1 [Pogorelsky, Igor V.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Bldg 820M, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Johnson, Rolland] Muons Inc, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Pogorelsky, IV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Bldg 820M, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 110 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200015 ER PT S AU Shiraishi, S Gonsalves, AJ Lin, C Nakamura, K Osterhoff, J Sokollik, T van Tilborg, J Geddes, CGR Schroeder, CB Toth, C Esarey, E Leemans, WP AF Shiraishi, S. Gonsalves, A. J. Lin, C. Nakamura, K. Osterhoff, J. Sokollik, T. van Tilborg, J. Geddes, C. G. R. Schroeder, C. B. Toth, Cs. Esarey, E. Leemans, W. P. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Wavefront Measurement for Laser-Guiding Diagnostic SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Laser-plasma accelerator; capillary discharge waveguide; staged acceleration ID ACCELERATOR; SIMULATIONS; PULSES AB The wavefront of a short laser pulse after interaction in a laser-plasma accelerator (LPA) was measured to diagnose laser-guiding quality. Experiments were performed on a 100 TW class laser at the LOASIS facility of LBNL using a hydrogen-filled capillary discharge waveguide. Laser-guiding with a pre-formed plasma channel allows the laser pulse to propagate over many Rayleigh lengths at high intensity and is crucial to accelerate electrons to the highest possible energy. Efficient coupling of laser energy into the plasma is realized when the laser and the channel satisfy a matched guiding condition, in which the wavefront remains flat within the channel. Using a wavefront sensor, the laser-guiding quality was diagnosed based on the wavefront of the laser pulse exiting the plasma channel. This wavefront diagnostic will contribute to achieving controlled, matched guiding in future experiments. C1 [Shiraishi, S.; Gonsalves, A. J.; Lin, C.; Nakamura, K.; Osterhoff, J.; Sokollik, T.; van Tilborg, J.; Geddes, C. G. R.; Schroeder, C. B.; Toth, Cs.; Esarey, E.; Leemans, W. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, LOASIS Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shiraishi, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, LOASIS Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sokollik, Thomas/P-2584-2015; OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 127 EP 132 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200017 ER PT S AU Bakeman, MS Van Tilborg, J Nakamura, K Gonsalves, A Osterhoff, J Sokollik, T Lin, C Robinson, KE Schroeder, CB Toth, C Weingartner, R Gruner, F Esarey, E Leemans, WP AF Bakeman, M. S. Van Tilborg, J. Nakamura, K. Gonsalves, A. Osterhoff, J. Sokollik, T. Lin, C. Robinson, K. E. Schroeder, C. B. Toth, Cs. Weingartner, R. Gruener, F. Esarey, E. Leemans, W. P. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Undulator-Based Laser Wakefield Accelerator Electron Beam Energy Spread and Emittance Diagnostic SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Laser Wakefield Accelerator; Undulator; Electron Beam Diagnostic AB The design and current status of experiments to couple the Tapered Hybrid Undulator (THUNDER) to the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) laser plasma accelerator (LPA) to measure electron beam energy spread and emittance are presented. C1 [Bakeman, M. S.; Van Tilborg, J.; Nakamura, K.; Gonsalves, A.; Osterhoff, J.; Sokollik, T.; Lin, C.; Robinson, K. E.; Schroeder, C. B.; Toth, Cs.; Esarey, E.; Leemans, W. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bakeman, M. S.] Univ Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Sokollik, T.] Univ Calif, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lin, C.] Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Weingartner, R.; Gruener, F.] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Marchioninistr 15, D-80539 Munich, Germany. RP Bakeman, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sokollik, Thomas/P-2584-2015; OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 FU Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF [917687, 614001]; DTRA FX The contributions from the LBNL LOASIS staff and LBNL machine shops are gratefully acknowledged. We would like to express our appreciation to Boeing Phantom Works for making the THUNDER undulator available through an extended loan for these experiments, and for shipment of THUNDER to LBNL. The authors would like to thank Eric Gullikson at beamline 6.3.2 at the ALS for assistance and insights into the spectrometer calibration. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, NSF Grant No. 917687 and No. 614001, and DTRA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 133 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200018 ER PT S AU Plateau, GR Geddes, CGR Thorn, DB Matlis, NH Mittelberger, DE Stoehlker, T Battaglia, M Kim, TS Nakamura, K Esarey, E Leemans, WP AF Plateau, G. R. Geddes, C. G. R. Thorn, D. B. Matlis, N. H. Mittelberger, D. E. Stoehlker, T. Battaglia, M. Kim, T. S. Nakamura, K. Esarey, E. Leemans, W. P. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI X-ray Emission from Electron Betatron Motion in a Laser-Plasma Accelerator SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE x-ray; betatron motion; laser-plasma accelerator ID RADIATION; TERAHERTZ; BUNCHES; DRIVEN AB Single-shot x-ray spectra from electron bunches produced by a laser-plasma wakefield accelerator (LPA) [1, 2] were measured using a photon-counting single-shot pixelated Silicon-based detector [3], providing for the first time single-shot direct spectra without assumptions required by filter based techniques. In addition, the electron bunch source size was measured by imaging a wire target, demonstrating few micron source size and stability. X-rays are generated when trapped electrons oscillate in the focusing field of the wake trailing the driver laser pulse [4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. In addition to improving understanding of bunch ernittance and wake structure, this provides a broadband, synchronized femtosecond source of keV x-rays. Electron bunch spectra and divergence were measured simultaneously and preliminary analysis shows correlation between x-ray and electron spectra. Bremsstrahlung background was managed using shielding and magnetic diversion. C1 [Plateau, G. R.; Geddes, C. G. R.; Matlis, N. H.; Mittelberger, D. E.; Battaglia, M.; Kim, T. S.; Nakamura, K.; Esarey, E.; Leemans, W. P.] LOASIS Program LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Plateau, G. R.] Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Thorn, D. B.] EMMI GSI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Stoehlker, T.] APIX GSI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Plateau, GR (reprint author), LOASIS Program LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, NA-22] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge contributions from Cs. Toth, M. Chen, E. Cormier-Michel, C. B. Schroeder, and J. van Tilborg. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231 and NA-22. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 139 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200019 ER PT S AU Gonsalves, AJ Nakamura, K Lin, C Osterhoff, J Shiraishi, S Schroeder, CB Geddes, CGR Toth, C Esarey, E Leemans, WP AF Gonsalves, A. J. Nakamura, K. Lin, C. Osterhoff, J. Shiraishi, S. Schroeder, C. B. Geddes, C. G. R. Toth, Cs. Esarey, E. Leemans, W. P. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Plasma Channel Diagnostic Based on Laser Centroid Oscillations SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE discharges (electric); plasma accelerators; plasma density; plasma diagnostics ID ELECTRON-ACCELERATORS; PULSES; SIMULATIONS AB A technique has been developed for measuring the properties of discharge-based plasma channels by monitoring the centroid location of a laser beam exiting the channel as a function of input alignment offset between the laser and the channel. The centroid position of low-intensity (< 10(14) Wcm(-2)) laser pulses focused at the input of a hydrogen-filled capillary discharge waveguide was scanned and the exit positions recorded to determine the channel shape and depth with an accuracy of a few %. In addition, accurate alignment of the laser beam through the plasma channel can be provided by minimizing laser centroid motion at the channel exit as the channel depth is scanned either by scanning the plasma density or the discharge timing. The improvement in alignment accuracy provided by this technique will be crucial for minimizing electron beam pointing errors in laser plasma accelerators. C1 [Gonsalves, A. J.; Nakamura, K.; Lin, C.; Osterhoff, J.; Shiraishi, S.; Schroeder, C. B.; Geddes, C. G. R.; Toth, Cs.; Esarey, E.; Leemans, W. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gonsalves, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 150 EP 155 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200021 ER PT S AU Dong, P Reed, SA Yi, SA Kalmykov, S Shvets, G Matlis, NH McGuffey, C Bulanov, SS Chvykov, V Kalintchenko, G Krushelnick, K Maksimchuk, A Matsuoka, T Thomas, AGR Yanovsky, V Downer, MC AF Dong, P. Reed, S. A. Yi, S. A. Kalmykov, S. Shvets, G. Matlis, N. H. McGuffey, C. Bulanov, S. S. Chvykov, V. Kalintchenko, G. Krushelnick, K. Maksimchuk, A. Matsuoka, T. Thomas, A. G. R. Yanovsky, V. Downer, M. C. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Formation of Optical Bullets in Laser-Driven Plasma Bubble Accelerators SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE laser; plasma; electron accelerator; holography ID ELECTRON-BEAMS AB Electron density bubbles generated in plasma of density n(e) similar to 10(19)/cm(3) are shown to reshape copropagating probe pulses into optical "bullets." The bullets, reconstructed by frequency-domain interferometric techniques, are used to visualize bubble formation independently of relativistic electron generation. C1 [Dong, P.; Reed, S. A.; Yi, S. A.; Shvets, G.; Downer, M. C.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Kalmykov, S.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. [Matlis, N. H.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McGuffey, C.; Bulanov, S. S.; Chvykov, V.; Kalintchenko, G.; Krushelnick, K.; Maksimchuk, A.; Matsuoka, T.; Thomas, A. G. R.; Yanovsky, V.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Ultrafast Opt Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Dong, P (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM downer@physics.utexas.edu RI Yanovsky, Victor/B-5899-2008; Thomas, Alexander/D-8210-2011; Kalinchenko, Galina/G-5684-2014; OI Thomas, Alexander/0000-0003-3206-8512 FU DoE [DE-FG02-07ER54945, DE-FG03-96ER40954, DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF Physics Frontier Center FOCUS [PHY-011436] FX This work was supported by DoE grants DE-FG02-07ER54945, DE-FG03-96ER40954 and DE-AC02-05CH11231, the NSF Physics Frontier Center FOCUS (grant PHY-011436). NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 171 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200025 ER PT S AU Plateau, GR Geddes, CGR Matlis, NH Cormier-Michel, E Mittelberger, DE Nakamura, K Schroeder, CB Esarey, E Leemans, WP AF Plateau, G. R. Geddes, C. G. R. Matlis, N. H. Cormier-Michel, E. Mittelberger, D. E. Nakamura, K. Schroeder, C. B. Esarey, E. Leemans, W. P. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Colliding Laser Pulses for Laser-Plasma Accelerator Injection Control SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE laser-plasma accelerators; controlled injection; colliding pulses ID FEMTOSECOND X-RAYS; WAKE WAVE BREAKING; ELECTRON BUNCHES; WAKEFIELD ACCELERATOR; BEAMS; RADIATION; TERAHERTZ; DRIVEN AB Decoupling injection from acceleration is a key challenge to achieve compact, reliable, tunable laser-plasma accelerators (LPA) [1, 2]. In colliding pulse injection the beat between multiple laser pulses can be used to control energy, energy spread, and emittance of the electron beam by injecting electrons in momentum and phase into the accelerating phase of the wake trailing the driver laser pulse [3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. At LBNL, using automated control of spatiotemporal overlap of laser pulses, two-pulse experiments showed stable operation and reproducibility over hours of operation. Arrival time of the colliding beam was scanned, and the measured timing window and density of optimal operation agree with simulations [8]. The accelerator length was mapped by scanning the collision point. C1 [Plateau, G. R.; Geddes, C. G. R.; Matlis, N. H.; Mittelberger, D. E.; Nakamura, K.; Schroeder, C. B.; Esarey, E.; Leemans, W. P.] LBNL, LOASIS Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Plateau, G. R.] Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Cormier-Michel, E.] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Plateau, GR (reprint author), LBNL, LOASIS Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 FU Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, NA-22] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge contributions from Cs. Toth, M. Chen, and J. van Tilborg. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and NA-22. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 180 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200027 ER PT S AU Geddes, CGR Cormier-Michel, E Esarey, E Schroeder, CB Mullowney, P Paul, K Cary, JR Leemans, WP AF Geddes, C. G. R. Cormier-Michel, E. Esarey, E. Schroeder, C. B. Mullowney, P. Paul, K. Cary, J. R. Leemans, W. P. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Laser-Plasma Wakefield Acceleration with Higher Order Laser Modes SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Laser Plasma Wakefield Acceleration; High order laser modes; Particle in Cell Simulation ID ELECTRON-BEAMS; CHANNELS AB Laser-plasma collider designs point to staging of multiple accelerator stages at the 10 GeV level, which are to be developed on the upcoming BELLA laser, while Thomson Gamma source designs use GeV stages, both requiring efficiency and low emittance. Design and scaling of stages operating in the quasi-linear regime to address these needs are presented using simulations in the VORPAL framework. In addition to allowing symmetric acceleration of electrons and positrons, which is important for colliders, this regime has the property that the plasma wakefield is proportional to the transverse gradient of the laser intensity profile. We demonstrate use of higher order laser modes to tailor the laser pulse and hence the transverse focusing forces in the plasma. In particular, we show that by using higher order laser modes, we can reduce the focusing fields and hence increase the matched electron beam radius, which is important to increased charge and efficiency, while keeping the low bunch emittance required for applications. C1 [Geddes, C. G. R.; Esarey, E.; Schroeder, C. B.; Leemans, W. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cormier-Michel, E.; Mullowney, P.; Paul, K.; Cary, J. R.] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Esarey, E.; Leemans, W. P.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Cary, J. R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Leemans, W. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Geddes, CGR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; ComPASS SciDAC [DE-FC02-07ER41499]; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC). FX We acknowledge the assistance of the VORPAL development team. This work was supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, the ComPASS SciDAC project, grant No. DE-FC02-07ER41499, and by the U.S. Department of Energy NA-22, and Tech-X Corporation. The simulations were performed at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC). NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 197 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200030 ER PT S AU Cormier-Michel, E Ranjbar, VH Bruhwiler, DL Chen, M Geddes, CGR Esarey, E Schroeder, CB Leemans, WP AF Cormier-Michel, Estelle Ranjbar, Vahid H. Bruhwiler, David L. Chen, Min Geddes, Cameron G. R. Esarey, Eric Schroeder, Carl B. Leemans, Wim P. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Design and Interpretation of Colliding Pulse Injected Laser-Plasma Acceleration Experiments SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Laser-plasma accelerator; injection; colliding pulse; particle-in-cell simulation ID ELECTRON-BEAMS AB The use of colliding laser pulses to control the injection of plasma electrons into the plasma wake of a laser-plasma accelerator is a promising approach to obtaining GeV scale electron bunches with reduced emittance and energy spread. Colliding Pulse Injection (CPI) experiments are being performed by groups around the world. We present recent particlein-cell simulations, using the parallel VORPAL framework, of CPI for physical parameters relevant to ongoing experiments of the LOASIS program at LBNL. We perform parameter scans in order to optimize the quality of the bunch, and compare the results with experimental data. Effect of non-ideal gaussian pulses and laser self-focusing in the plasma channel on the trapped bunch are evaluated. For optimized parameters accessible in the experiment, a 20 pC electron beam can be accelerated to 300 MeV with percent level energy spread. C1 [Cormier-Michel, Estelle; Ranjbar, Vahid H.; Bruhwiler, David L.] Tech X Corp, 5621 Arapahoe Ave,Suite A, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Chen, Min; Geddes, Cameron G. R.; Esarey, Eric; Schroeder, Carl B.; Leemans, Wim P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, LOASIS program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cormier-Michel, E (reprint author), Tech X Corp, 5621 Arapahoe Ave,Suite A, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. OI Bruhwiler, David/0000-0002-2318-8494; Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 FU Department of Energy; Office of National Nuclear Security Administration; NA-22; Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics via ComPASS SciDAC [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FC02-07ER41499]; Tech-X Corporation; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of National Nuclear Security Administration, NA-22, and Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and via the ComPASS SciDAC project, grant No. DE-FC02-07ER41499, and by Tech-X Corporation. This work used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 215 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200033 ER PT S AU Nakamura, K Gonsalves, AJ Lin, C Sokollik, T Smith, A Rodgers, D Donahue, R Bryne, W Leemans, WP AF Nakamura, K. Gonsalves, A. J. Lin, C. Sokollik, T. Smith, A. Rodgers, D. Donahue, R. Bryne, W. Leemans, W. P. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Charge Diagnostics for Laser Plasma Accelerators SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Laser plasma accelerator; charge diagnostics; Lanex; ICT; activation ID INJECTION; PULSES AB The electron energy dependence of a scintillating screen (Lanex Fast) was studied with sub-nanosecond electron beams ranging from 106 MeV to 1522 MeV at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Advanced Light Source (ALS) synchrotron booster accelerator. The sensitivity of the Lanex Fast decreased by 1% per 100 MeV increase of the energy. The linear response of the screen against the charge was verified with charge density and intensity up to 160 pC/mm(2) and 0.4 pC/ps/mm(2), respectively. For electron beams from the laser plasma accelerator, a comprehensive study of charge diagnostics has been performed using a Lanex screen, an integrating current transformer, and an activation based measurement. The charge measured by each diagnostic was found to be within +/- 10%. C1 [Nakamura, K.; Gonsalves, A. J.; Lin, C.; Sokollik, T.; Smith, A.; Rodgers, D.; Donahue, R.; Bryne, W.; Leemans, W. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nakamura, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sokollik, Thomas/P-2584-2015 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 227 EP 232 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200035 ER PT S AU Sokollik, T Shiraishi, S Osterhoff, J Evans, E Gonsalves, AJ Nakamura, K van Tilborg, J Lin, C Toth, C Leemans, WP AF Sokollik, T. Shiraishi, S. Osterhoff, J. Evans, E. Gonsalves, A. J. Nakamura, K. van Tilborg, J. Lin, C. Toth, C. Leemans, W. P. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Tape-Drive Based Plasma Mirror SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE plasma mirror; tape drive; staged acceleration AB We present experimental results on a tape-drive based plasma mirror which could be used for a compact coupling of a laser beam into a staged laser driven electron accelerator. This novel kind of plasma mirror is suitable for high repetition rates and for high number of laser shots. C1 [Sokollik, T.; Shiraishi, S.; Osterhoff, J.; Evans, E.; Gonsalves, A. J.; Nakamura, K.; van Tilborg, J.; Lin, C.; Toth, C.; Leemans, W. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shiraishi, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sokollik, Thomas/P-2584-2015 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 233 EP 237 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200036 ER PT S AU Vay, JL Geddes, CGR Benedetti, C Bruhwiler, DL Cormier-Michel, E Cowan, BM Cary, JR Grote, DP AF Vay, J. -L. Geddes, C. G. R. Benedetti, C. Bruhwiler, D. L. Cormier-Michel, E. Cowan, B. M. Cary, J. R. Grote, D. P. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Modeling Laser Wakefield Accelerators in a Lorentz Boosted Frame SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Laser Plasma Acceleration; Particle-In-Cell; Boosted Frame ID IN-CELL SIMULATION; CHARGE CONSERVATION; CODE AB Modeling of laser-plasma wakefield accelerators in an optimal frame of reference has been shown to produce up to three orders of magnitude speed-up in calculations from first principles of stages in the 100 MeV-10 GeV energy range. Maximum obtainable speedups calculated using linear theory predict that higher speedups are attainable, in the range of 4-6 orders of magnitude for stages in the energy range of 10 GeV-1 TeV respectively. Practical limitations have been reported and discussed which have prevented reaching these speedups so far, including a violent high frequency numerical instability. The limitations are briefly reviewed and discussed in this paper, as well as their mitigation. It is also reported that the high frequency numerical instability can be controlled effectively using novel numerical techniques that have been implemented in the Particle-In-Cell code Warp, and that 5 and 6 orders of magnitude speedups were demonstrated on 100 GeV and 1 TeV stages respectively, verifying the scaling of plasma accelerators to very high energies, and providing highly efficient tools for the detailed designs of experiments on new lasers such as BELLA. C1 [Vay, J. -L.; Geddes, C. G. R.; Benedetti, C.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bruhwiler, D. L.; Cormier-Michel, E.; Cowan, B. M.; Cary, J. R.] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO USA. [Grote, D. P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Vay, JL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU US-DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC52-07NA27344]; ComPASS SciDAC [DE-FC02-07ER41499] FX Work supported by US-DOE Contracts DE-AC02-05CH11231 and DE-AC52-07NA27344, and US-DOE SciDAC program ComPASS, including partial support from the ComPASS SciDAC project, grant No. DE-FC02-07ER41499, and from Tech-X Corporation. Used resources of NERSC and LBNL cluster Lawrencium, supported by US-DOE Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors are grateful to S. F. Martins and W. B. Mori for providing input data. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 244 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200038 ER PT S AU Benedetti, C Schroeder, CB Esarey, E Geddes, CGR Leemans, WP AF Benedetti, C. Schroeder, C. B. Esarey, E. Geddes, C. G. R. Leemans, W. P. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Efficient Modeling of Laser-Plasma Accelerators with INF&RNO SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE laser-plasma accelerators; simulation; benchmarking ID WAKEFIELD-ACCELERATOR; SIMULATION; INTENSE; CODE; EQUATIONS; ELECTRONS; PULSES; BEAMS AB The numerical modeling code INF&RNO (INtegrated Fluid & paRticle simulatioN cOde, pronounced "inferno") is presented. INF&RNO is an efficient 2D cylindrical code to model the interaction of a short laser pulse with an underdense plasma. The code is based on an envelope model for the laser while either a PLC or a fluid description can be used for the plasma. The effect of the laser pulse on the plasma is modeled with the time-averaged poderomotive force. These and other features allow for a speedup of 2-4 orders of magnitude compared to standard full PIC simulations while still retaining physical fidelity. The code has been benchmarked against analytical solutions and 3D PIC simulations and here a set of validation tests together with a discussion of the performances are presented. C1 [Benedetti, C.; Schroeder, C. B.; Esarey, E.; Geddes, C. G. R.; Leemans, W. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Benedetti, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 250 EP 255 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200039 ER PT S AU Chen, M Esarey, E Geddes, CGR Schroeder, CB Leemans, WP AF Chen, M. Esarey, E. Geddes, C. G. R. Schroeder, C. B. Leemans, W. P. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Electron Injection in Laser Plasma Accelerators by High-Order Field Ionization SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE laser wakefield; injection; particle-in-cell simulation; ionization ID PULSES; PHYSICS; GASES AB Electron injection and trapping in a laser wakefield accelerator by high-order field ionization is studied theoretically and by particle-in-cell simulations. To obtain low energy spread beams we use a short region of gas mixture (H+N) near the start of the stage to trap electrons, while the remainder of the stage uses pure H and is injection-free. Effects of gas mix parameters, such as concentration and length, on the final electron injection number and beam quality are studied. Laser polarization and shape effects on injection number and final electron emittance are also shown. C1 [Chen, M.; Esarey, E.; Geddes, C. G. R.; Schroeder, C. B.; Leemans, W. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Chen, Min/A-9955-2010; OI Chen, Min/0000-0002-4290-9330; Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 268 EP 273 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200042 ER PT S AU Gold, SH Jing, C Kanareykin, A Gai, W Konecny, R Power, JG Kinkead, AK AF Gold, S. H. Jing, C. Kanareykin, A. Gai, W. Konecny, R. Power, J. G. Kinkead, A. K. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Development of X-Band Dielectric-Loaded Accelerating Structures SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Dielectric-loaded accelerators AB This paper presents a progress report on the development and testing of X-band dielectric-loaded accelerating structures. Recent tests on several quartz DLA structures with different inner diameters are reported. Designs for gap-free DLA structures are presented. Also, planned new experiments are discussed, including higher gradient traveling-wave and standing-wave structures and special grooved structures for multipactor suppression. C1 [Gold, S. H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jing, C.; Kanareykin, A.] Euclid Tech Labs, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Jing, C.; Gai, W.; Konecny, R.; Power, J. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kinkead, A. K.] Icarus Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Gold, SH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of High Energy; US Office of Naval Research. FX This work was supported by the Office of High Energy and by the US Office of Naval Research. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 292 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200046 ER PT S AU Kuzikov, SV Kazakov, SY Jiang, Y Plotkin, ME Vikharev, AA Hirshfield, JL AF Kuzikov, S. V. Kazakov, S. Yu. Jiang, Y. Plotkin, M. E. Vikharev, A. A. Hirshfield, J. L. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Advanced High Gradient RF Structure Developmenta SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE high-gradient linear accelerators AB Multi-mode accelerating structures aimed at increasing accelerating gradient are described. Such structures operating in several resonant, equidistantly-spaced, axisymmetric. TM-like eigenmodes allow reduction of exposure time to surface fields, reduction of high-field areas and reduction of those fields which are responsible for electron emission. These effects are planned for use in studying the physics of RF breakdown phenomenon with the goal of designing new high-gradient accelerating structures. C1 [Kuzikov, S. V.; Plotkin, M. E.; Vikharev, A. A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, 46 Ulyanov St, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. [Kuzikov, S. V.; Kazakov, S. Yu.; Hirshfield, J. L.] Omega P Inc, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Kazakov, S. Yu.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Jiang, Y.; Hirshfield, J. L.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Kuzikov, SV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, 46 Ulyanov St, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. RI Jiang, Yong/A-8956-2013 OI Jiang, Yong/0000-0002-5659-6953 FU US Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics FX This research was supported in part by US Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 307 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200049 ER PT S AU Yakovlev, V Solyak, N Wu, G Ge, M Gonin, I Khabiboulline, T Ozelis, J Rowe, A Avrakhov, P Kanareykin, A Rathke, J AF Yakovlev, V. Solyak, N. Wu, G. Ge, M. Gonin, I. Khabiboulline, T. Ozelis, J. Rowe, A. Avrakhov, P. Kanareykin, A. Rathke, J. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI High-Gradient Tests of the Single-Cell SC Cavity with a Feedback Waveguide SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE superconductivity; accelerator; traveling wave AB Use of a superconducting (SC) traveling-wave accelerating (STWA) structure with a small phase advance per cell, rather than a standing-wave structure, may provide a significant increase in the accelerating gradient in the ILC linac Ill For the same surface electric and magnetic fields, the STWA achieves an accelerating gradient 1.2 larger than TESLA-like standing-wave cavities. In addition, the STWA allows longer acceleration cavities, reducing the number of gaps between them. However, the STWA structure requires a SC feedback waveguide to return the few hundreds of MW of circulating RF power from the structure output to the structure input. A test single-cell cavity with feedback was designed and manufactured to demonstrate the possibility of proper processing to achieve a high accelerating gradient. The first results of high-gradient tests of a prototype 1.3 GHz single-cell cavity with feedback waveguide will be presented. C1 [Yakovlev, V.; Solyak, N.; Wu, G.; Ge, M.; Gonin, I.; Khabiboulline, T.; Ozelis, J.; Rowe, A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Avrakhov, P.; Kanareykin, A.] LLC, Euclid TechLabs, Solon, OH 44139 USA. [Rathke, J.] AES, Medford, NY 11763 USA. RP Yakovlev, V (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 313 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200050 ER PT S AU Jiang, Y Kazakov, SY Kuzikov, SV Hirshfield, JL AF Jiang, Y. Kazakov, S. Yu. Kuzikov, S. V. Hirshfield, J. L. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI High Gradient Two-Beam Electron Accelerator SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE High gradient; two beam accelerator; detuned cavity; multi-harmonic AB A high-gradient two-beam electron accelerator structure using detuned cavities is described. A self-consistent theory based on a circuit model is presented to calculate idealized acceleration gradient, transformer ratio, and efficiency for energy transfer from the drive beam to the accelerated beam. Experimental efforts are being carried out to demonstrate this acceleration concept. C1 [Jiang, Y.; Hirshfield, J. L.] Yale Univ, Beam Phys Lab, 272 Whitney Ave, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Kazakov, S. Yu.; Kuzikov, S. V.; Hirshfield, J. L.] Omega P Inc, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Kazakov, S. Yu.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603600, Russia. RP Jiang, Y (reprint author), Yale Univ, Beam Phys Lab, 272 Whitney Ave, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RI Jiang, Yong/A-8956-2013 OI Jiang, Yong/0000-0002-5659-6953 FU Office of High Energy Physics; U.S. Department of Energy FX This work is supported by Office of High Energy Physics, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 319 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200051 ER PT S AU Jiang, Y Kazakov, SY Kuzikov, SV Hirshfield, JL AF Jiang, Y. Kazakov, S. Yu. Kuzikov, S. V. Hirshfield, J. L. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Multi-Harmonic Cavities for Increasing RF Breakdown Threshold SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE RF Breakdown Threshold; Multi-Harmonic Cavity; Accelerator Structure AB A multi-harmonic asymmetric cavity is predicted to sustain higher acceleration gradients than a conventional pillbox cavity, 55% higher in one example, when driven by external RF harmonic sources. Simulations of multi-harmonic excitation in such a cavity are described, either by a charged drive beam or by external RF sources. An accelerator structure based on multi-harmonic cavity is proposed. C1 [Jiang, Y.; Hirshfield, J. L.] Yale Univ, Beam Phys Lab, 272 Whitney Ave, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Kazakov, S. Yu.; Kuzikov, S. V.; Hirshfield, J. L.] Omega P Inc, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Kazakov, S. Yu.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Kuzikov, S. V.] Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. RP Jiang, Y (reprint author), Yale Univ, Beam Phys Lab, 272 Whitney Ave, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RI Jiang, Yong/A-8956-2013 OI Jiang, Yong/0000-0002-5659-6953 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of High Energy Physics FX This research was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 324 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200052 ER PT S AU Jing, C Power, JG Conde, M Liu, W Yusof, Z Kanareykin, A Gai, W AF Jing, C. Power, J. G. Conde, M. Liu, W. Yusof, Z. Kanareykin, A. Gai, W. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Recent Experiment on Wakefield Transformer Ratio Enhancement at AWA SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Transformer Ratio; wakefield; ramped bunch train ID WAKE-FIELD ACCELERATION AB One technique to enhance the transformer ratio beyond the ordinary limit of 2 in a collinear wakefield acceleration scheme is to use a ramped bunched train (RBT). The first experimental demonstration has been reported in [1]. However, due to the mismatch between the beam bunch length and frequency of the accelerating structure, the observed transformer ratio was only marginally above 2 in the earlier experiment. We recently revisited this experiment with an optimized bunch length using the laser stacking technique at Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) facility. A transformer ratio of 3.4 has been measured using two drive bunches. Attempting to use four drive bunches met with major challenges. In this article, measurement results and data analysis from these experiments are presented in detail. C1 [Jing, C.; Kanareykin, A.] Euclid Techlabs LLC, 5900 Harper Rd, Solon, OH 44139 USA. [Jing, C.; Power, J. G.; Conde, M.; Liu, W.; Yusof, Z.; Kanareykin, A.; Gai, W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jing, C (reprint author), Euclid Techlabs LLC, 5900 Harper Rd, Solon, OH 44139 USA. FU Department of Energy; High Energy Physics Division [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy, High Energy Physics Division, under Contract #W-31-109-ENG-38. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 348 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200056 ER PT S AU Shchelkunov, SV Hirshfield, JL LaPointe, MA Marshall, TC Sotnikov, G Gai, W Conde, M Power, J Mihalcea, D AF Shchelkunov, S. V. Hirshfield, J. L. LaPointe, M. A. Marshall, T. C. Sotnikov, G. Gai, Wei Conde, M. Power, J. Mihalcea, D. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Two Channel Dielectric-Lined Rectangular High Transformer Ratio Accelerator Structure Experiment SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE wakefield acceleration; dielectric-lined waveguide; transformer ratio ID DLA STRUCTURE AB Current status of a two-channel cm-scale rectangular dielectric lined wakefield accelerator structure is described. This structure is installed at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator facility (AWA), and is presently being evaluated. The device has a transformer ratio of similar to 12.5:1. When driven by a similar to 50 nC single drive bunch it is expected to obtain similar to 6 MV/m acceleration gradient. Related issues are discussed. C1 [Shchelkunov, S. V.; Hirshfield, J. L.; LaPointe, M. A.] Yale Univ, Beam Phys Lab, 272 Whitney Ave, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Hirshfield, J. L.; Marshall, T. C.; Sotnikov, G.] Omega P Inc, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Marshall, T. C.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Sotnikov, G.] NSC Kharkov Inst Phys & Technol, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Gai, Wei; Conde, M.; Power, J.; Mihalcea, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shchelkunov, SV (reprint author), Yale Univ, Beam Phys Lab, 272 Whitney Ave, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM sergey.shchelkunov@gmail.com FU Office of High Energy Physics; US Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the Office of High Energy Physics, US Department of Energy. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 353 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200057 ER PT S AU Rosenzweig, JB Andonian, G Muggli, P Niknejadi, P Travish, G Williams, O Xuan, K Yakimenko, V AF Rosenzweig, J. B. Andonian, G. Muggli, P. Niknejadi, P. Travish, G. Williams, O. Xuan, K. Yakimenko, V. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI High Frequency, High Gradient Dielectric Wakefield Acceleration Experiments at SLAC and BNL SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE beam-driven acceleration; dielectric; Cerenkov radiation AB Given the recent success of >GV/m dielectric wakefield accelerator (DWA) breakdown experiments at SLAC, and follow-on coherent Cerenkov radiation (CCR) production at the UCLA Neptune, a UCLA-USC-SLAC collaboration is now implementing a new set of experiments that explore various DWA scenarios. These experiments are motivated by the opportunities presented by the approval of the FACET facility at SLAC, as well as unique pulse-train walcefield drivers at BNL. The SLAC experiments permit further exploration of the multi-GeV/m envelope in DWAs, and will entail investigations of novel materials (e.g. CVD diamond) and geometries (Bragg cylindrical structures, slab-symmetric DWAs), and have an over-riding goal of demonstrating >GeV acceleration in similar to 33 cm DWA tubes. In the nearer term before FACET's commissioning, we are performing measurements at the BNL ATF, in which we drive similar to 50-200 MV/m fields with single pulses or pulse trains, and observe resonantly driven CCR as well as deflection modes. These experiments are of high relevance to enhancing linear collider DWA designs, as they will demonstrate potential for high efficiency operation with pulse trains, and explore transverse modes for the first time. C1 [Rosenzweig, J. B.; Andonian, G.; Niknejadi, P.; Travish, G.; Williams, O.; Xuan, K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Andonian, G.] Univ Southern Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Yakimenko, V.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rosenzweig, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Travish, Gil/H-4937-2011 OI Travish, Gil/0000-0002-4787-0949 FU DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46272, DE-FG03-92ER40693]; ONR [N00014-06-1-0925] FX This work is partially supported by US DOE Grants DE-FG02-07ER46272 and DE-FG03-92ER40693, and ONR contract N00014-06-1-0925. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 364 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200059 ER PT S AU Jing, C Gao, F Kanareykin, A Schoessow, P Antipov, S Gai, W Conde, M Liu, W Power, JG Konecny, R Yusof, Z AF Jing, C. Gao, F. Kanareykin, A. Schoessow, P. Antipov, S. Gai, W. Conde, M. Liu, W. Power, J. G. Konecny, R. Yusof, Z. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Dielectric-Based Wakefield Power Extractor SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Dielectric accelerator; wakefield; power extractor; high power RF source AB In the Two Beam Accelerator (TBA), wakefield power extractors which extract high power RF from a high current beam are used to power high gradient accelerating structures. A dielectric-based Wakefield Power Extractor (DWPE) is one option in addition to the metallic structures considered previously, like the CLIC PETS (Power Extraction and Transfer Structure). 7.8 GHz and 26 GHz DWPE prototypes have been successfully built and tested at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) facility. We are currently designing an X-band version for a potential application with the CLIC beam. In this article, we report on test results of the 26 GHz DWPE and the preliminary design of the X-band structure. Future plan and possible difficulties in the development of DWPEs are also discussed. C1 [Jing, C.; Gao, F.; Kanareykin, A.; Schoessow, P.; Antipov, S.] Euclid Techlabs LLC, 5900 Harper Rd, Solon, OH 44139 USA. [Jing, C.; Gao, F.; Antipov, S.; Gai, W.; Conde, M.; Liu, W.; Power, J. G.; Konecny, R.; Yusof, Z.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gao, F.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jing, C (reprint author), Euclid Techlabs LLC, 5900 Harper Rd, Solon, OH 44139 USA. FU US Department of Energy; Small Business Innovation Research program [DE-FG02-07ER84821] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Small Business Innovation Research program, under contract # DE-FG02-07ER84821. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 370 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200060 ER PT S AU Veitzer, SA Mahalingam, S Stoltz, PH Norem, J AF Veitzer, Seth A. Mahalingam, Sudhakar Stoltz, Peter H. Norem, J. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Modeling Breakdown and Electron Orbits in High-Gradient Accelerating Cavities SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE rf breakdown; multipacting AB Next-generation rf accelerating cavities will employ very high-gradient electric fields, greater than 100 MV/m, as well as strong magnetic fields. However, breakdown of accelerating structures due to high field gradients is a major limitation on these accelerating cavities. One possible mechanism for breakdown initiation is the rapid buildup of electrons due to field emission coupled with secondary electron emission. Multipacting may enhance this effect. In order to understand the physical processes of breakdown initiation and the effectiveness of potential mitigation techniques, researchers in the Muon Accelerator Program are experimenting with a simplified cavity, referred to as the Box Cavity, in which they will measure breakdown under high-gradient rf with strong externally applied magnetic fields with different orientations. We present here simulation results for the box cavity including the effects of rf (805 MHz), magnetic fields, field-dependent emission, secondary electron emission, and space charge, using the 3-Dimensional plasma simulation code VORPAL. We measure the effect of different magnetic field strengths and orientations on electron orbits and buildup. We also simulate the effects of field emission in different parts of the box cavity, such as from corners of the box near the rf coupler, and measure the effects on electron buildup over many rf periods. These detailed and self-consistent models will aid experimentalists to understand breakdown onset in high-gradient metallic accelerating cavities. C1 [Veitzer, Seth A.; Mahalingam, Sudhakar; Stoltz, Peter H.] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80516 USA. [Norem, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Veitzer, SA (reprint author), Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80516 USA. FU Department of Energy, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of High Energy Physics, through the Small Business Innovation Research program FX This work was performed under the auspices of the Department of Energy, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, and the Office of High Energy Physics, through the Small Business Innovation Research program. The authors would like to acknowledge the VORPAL development team: D. Alexander, K. Amyx, T. Austin, G. I. Bell, D. L. Bruhwiler, R. S. Busby, J. Carlsson, J. R. Cary, E. Cormier Michel, Y. Choi, B. M. Cowan, D. A. Dimitrov, M. Durant, A. Hakim, B. Jamroz, D. P. Karipides, M. Koch, A. Likhanskii, M. C. Lin, J. Loverich, S. Mahalingam, P. Messmer, P. J. Mullowney, C. Nieter, K. Paul, I. Pogorelov, V. Ranjbar, C. Roark, B. T. Schwartz, S. W. Sides, D. N. Smithe, A. Sobol, P. H. Stoltz, S. A. Veitzer, D. J. Wade Stein, G. R. Werner, N. Xiang, and C. D. Zhou NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 376 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200061 ER PT S AU Faillace, L Agustsson, R Dolgashev, V Frigola, P Murokh, A Rosenzweig, J Yakimenko, V AF Faillace, L. Agustsson, R. Dolgashev, V. Frigola, P. Murokh, A. Rosenzweig, J. Yakimenko, V. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Ultra-High Gradient S-band Linac for Laboratory and Industrial Applications SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE RF Accelerator; High Gradient AB A strong demand for high gradient structures arises from the limited real estate available for linear accelerators. RadiaBeam Technologies is developing a Doubled Energy Compact Accelerator (DECA) structure: an S-band standing wave electron linac designed to operate at accelerating gradients of up to 50 MV/m. In this paper, we present the radio-frequency design of the DECA S-band accelerating structure, operating at 2.856 GHz in the pi-mode. The structure design is heavily influenced by NLC collaboration experience with ultra high gradient X-band structures; S-band, however, is chosen to take advantage of commonly available high power S-band klystrons. C1 [Faillace, L.; Agustsson, R.; Frigola, P.; Murokh, A.] RadiaBeam Technol LLC, Santa Monica, CA 90404 USA. [Dolgashev, V.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Rosenzweig, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Faillace, L (reprint author), RadiaBeam Technol LLC, Santa Monica, CA 90404 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 451 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200074 ER PT S AU Zgadzaj, R Downer, MC Muggli, P Yakimenko, V Kusche, K Fedurin, M Babzien, M AF Zgadzaj, Rafal Downer, Michael C. Muggli, Patric Yakimenko, Vitaly Kusche, Karl Fedurin, Michhail Babzien, Marcus BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Optical Frequency Domain Visualization of Electron Beam Driven Plasma Wakefields SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Optical plasma diagnostics; Frequency domain holography; Plasma wakefield accelerator; Beam plasma interactions AB Bunch driven plasma wakefield accelerators (PWFA), such as the "plasma afterburner," are a promising emerging method for significantly increasing the energy output of conventional particle accelerators [1]. The study and optimization of this method would benefit from an experimental correlation of the drive bunch parameters and the accelerated particle parameters with the corresponding plasma wave structure. However, the plasma wave structure has not been observed directly so far. We will report ongoing development of a noninvasive optical Frequency Domain Interferometric (FDI) [2] and Holographic (FDH) [3] diagnostics of bunch driven plasma wakes. Both FDI and FDH have been previously demonstrated in the case of laser driven wakes. These techniques employ two laser pulses co-propagating with the drive particle bunch and the trailing plasma wave. One pulse propagates ahead of the drive bunch and serves as a reference, while the second is overlapped with the plasma wave and probes its structure. The multi-shot FDI and single-shot FDH diagnostics permit direct noninvasive observation of longitudinal and transverse structure of the plasma wakes. The experiment is being developed at the 70MeV Linac in the Accelerator Test Facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory to visualize wakes generated by two [4] and multi-bunch [5] drive beams. C1 [Zgadzaj, Rafal; Downer, Michael C.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Muggli, Patric] Univ Southern Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Yakimenko, Vitaly; Kusche, Karl; Fedurin, Michhail; Babzien, Marcus] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zgadzaj, R (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER54945, DE-FG02-96ER40954]; National Science Foundation [PHY-0936283] FX This work is supported by the US Department of Energy grants DE-FG02-07ER54945 and DE-FG02-96ER40954 as well as the National Science Foundation grant PHY-0936283 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 505 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200084 ER PT S AU Allen, B Seyedi, A Martins, J Silva, LO Yakimenko, V Fedurin, M Kusche, K Babzien, M Huang, CK Mori, W Muggli, P AF Allen, Brian Seyedi, Ashkan Martins, Joana Silva, Luis O. Yakimenko, Vitaly Fedurin, Mikhail Kusche, Karl Babzien, Marcus Huang, Chengkun Mori, Warren Muggli, Patric BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Simulation of Current Filamentation Instability for an Accelerator Beam in a Capillary Plasma SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE current filamentation instability; beam-plasma interaction; plasma instability; beam instability AB Current Filamentation Instability (CFI) is of central importance for the propagation of relativistic electron beams in plasmas. It could play an important role in the generation of magnetic fields and of radiation in the after-glow of gamma ray bursts as well as in hot electrons energy transport in the fast-igniter inertial confinement fusion concept. Using the particle-in-cell code QuickPIC, simulations of the electron beam at the Brookhaven National Laboratory Accelerator Test Facility, BNL-ATF, propagating in a cm-long plasma were conducted. Simulation results show that with beam and plasma parameters achievable at the BNL-ATF, the CFI should be observed within 2 cm of plasma. Simulation results are presented for an experiment currently underway at BNL-ATF and possible diagnostics for characterizing the instability are discussed. C1 [Allen, Brian; Seyedi, Ashkan; Muggli, Patric] Univ South Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Martins, Joana; Silva, Luis O.] Inst Super Tecn, Lab Assoc, GoLP Inst Plasmas & Fusao Nucl, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. [Yakimenko, Vitaly; Fedurin, Mikhail; Kusche, Karl; Babzien, Marcus] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Huang, Chengkun] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Mori, Warren] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Allen, B (reprint author), Univ South Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RI Luis Martins, Joana/K-6610-2015; OI Luis Martins, Joana/0000-0003-2748-0377; Huang, Chengkun/0000-0002-3176-8042 FU NSF [0903822]; DoE [DEFG03-92ER40745] FX This work was supported by NSF grant 0903822 and DoE grant DEFG03-92ER40745. Simulations were conducted on HPCC at the University of Southern California and NERSC through the DoE.The authors would also like to thank the UCLA/IST collaboration team for access to QuickPIC and their support NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 516 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200086 ER PT S AU Nemeth, K Harkay, KC van Veenendaal, M Spentzouris, L White, M Attenkofer, K Srajer, G AF Nemeth, Karoly Harkay, Katherine C. van Veenendaal, Michel Spentzouris, Linda White, Marion Attenkofer, Klaus Srajer, George BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Theoretical Design of High-Brightness Photocathodes Based on Ultrathin Surface Layers on Metals and on Nanostructures SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE photocathode; brightness; intrinsic emittance; oxide layers; nanostructure ID THIN FILMS; PLASMONS; CATALYSTS; LIGHT AB We demonstrate by means of electronic structure calculations, how ultrathin MgO films on Ag(001) surfaces can be used to control the emittance properties of photocathodes. In addition to substantially reducing the work-function of the metal surface, the MgO layers also favorably influence the shape of the surface bands resulting in the generation of well collimated high-brightness electron beams in which the transverse momenta of the electrons are extremely small compared to the longitudinal ones. As the number of MgO surface layers varies from 0 to 3, the emitted electron beam becomes gradually brighter, reducing its transverse emittance to the extremely small value of 0.06 mm-mrad. We suggest the use of such photocathodes for the development of free-electron x-ray lasers and energy-recovery linac x-ray sources. A practical implementation and further tunability through nanophotonics means is also discussed. C1 [Nemeth, Karoly; Harkay, Katherine C.; van Veenendaal, Michel; Spentzouris, Linda; White, Marion; Attenkofer, Klaus; Srajer, George] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nemeth, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Nemeth, Karoly/L-7806-2014 OI Nemeth, Karoly/0000-0001-8366-1397 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 522 EP 527 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200087 ER PT S AU Albert, F Anderson, SG Anderson, G Bayramian, A Betts, SM Cross, RR Ebbers, CA Gibson, DJ Marsh, RA Messerly, M Shverdin, MY Wu, SS Hartemann, FV Scarpetti, R Siders, CW Barty, CPJ AF Albert, Felicie Anderson, S. G. Anderson, G. Bayramian, A. Betts, S. M. Cross, R. R. Ebbers, C. A. Gibson, D. J. Marsh, R. A. Messerly, M. Shverdin, M. Y. Wu, S. S. Hartemann, F. V. Scarpetti, R. Siders, C. W. Barty, C. P. J. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Compton Scattering Sources and Applications at LLNL SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Compton scattering; gamma-rays; X-band linac technology; nuclear photoscience AB We report the design and current status of a monoenergetic laser-based Compton scattering 0.5-2.5 MeV gamma-ray source. Previous nuclear resonance fluorescence results and future linac and laser developments for the source are presented. C1 [Albert, Felicie; Anderson, S. G.; Anderson, G.; Bayramian, A.; Betts, S. M.; Cross, R. R.; Ebbers, C. A.; Gibson, D. J.; Marsh, R. A.; Messerly, M.; Shverdin, M. Y.; Wu, S. S.; Hartemann, F. V.; Scarpetti, R.; Siders, C. W.; Barty, C. P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Albert, F (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Albert, Felicie/G-2645-2013 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 550 EP 554 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200092 ER PT S AU Lumpkin, AH AF Lumpkin, Alex H. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Overview of Nonintercepting Beam-Size Monitoring with Optical Diffraction Radiation SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE electron beam size; Optical Diffraction Radiation AB The initial demonstrations over the last several years of the use of optical diffraction radiation (ODR) as nonintercepting electron-beam-parameter monitors are reviewed. Developments in both far-field imaging and near-field imaging are addressed for ODR generated by a metal plane with a slit aperture, a single metal plane, and two-plane interferences. Polarization effects and sensitivities to beam size, divergence, and position will be discussed as well as a proposed path towards monitoring 10-micron beam sizes at 25 GeV. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lumpkin, AH (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 555 EP 560 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200093 ER PT S AU van Tilborg, J Matlis, NH Plateau, GR Leemans, WP AF van Tilborg, J. Matlis, N. H. Plateau, G. R. Leemans, W. P. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Optical Sideband Generation: a Longitudinal Electron Beam Diagnostic Beyond the Laser Bandwidth Resolution Limit SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Beam diagnostics; electro-optic sampling; ultra-short electron beams ID TERAHERTZ PULSES AB Electro-optic sampling (EOS) is widely used as a technique to measure THz-domain electric field pulses such as the self-fields of femtosecond electron beams. We present an EOS-based approach for single-shot spectral measurement that excels in simplicity (compatible with fiber integration) and bandwidth coverage (overcomes the laser bandwidth limitation), allowing few-fs electron beams or single-cycle THz pulses to be characterized with conventional picosecond probes. It is shown that the EOS-induced optical sidebands on the narrow-bandwidth optical probe are spectrally-shifted replicas of the THz pulse. An experimental demonstration on a 0-3 THz source is presented. C1 [van Tilborg, J.; Matlis, N. H.; Plateau, G. R.; Leemans, W. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP van Tilborg, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 565 EP 569 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200095 ER PT S AU Rihaoui, M Mihalcea, D Gai, W Piot, P Power, JG AF Rihaoui, M. Mihalcea, D. Gai, W. Piot, P. Power, J. G. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Design and Analysis of a Single-Shot Longitudinal Phase Space Measurement Diagnostics at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Photoinjectors; phase space; electron beam AB A single-shot longitudinal phase space diagnostics is currently being assembled at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA). The diagnostics consists of mapping the longitudinal phase space coordinates to the transverse position space plane using a beamline that incorporates two magnetic dipoles arranged as a dogleg followed by an if deflecting cavity. The deflecting cavity streaks the beam vertically while the dipole magnets bend horizontally. In this paper, we analyze analytically and via numerical simulations the performances of such diagnostics and their limitations. Simulations done in IMPACT-T shows good reconstruction of the longitudinal phase space. C1 [Rihaoui, M.; Mihalcea, D.; Piot, P.] North Illinois Univ, North Illinois Ctr Accelerator & Detector Dev, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Gai, W.; Power, J. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, High Energy Phys Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Piot, P.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Accelerator Phys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Rihaoui, M (reprint author), North Illinois Univ, North Illinois Ctr Accelerator & Detector Dev, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG08ER41532]; Northern Illinois Universcity [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Argonne National Laboratory FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-FG08ER41532 with Northern Illinois Universcity and Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 With Argonne National Laboratory. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 570 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200096 ER PT S AU Osterhoff, J Sokollik, T Nakamura, K Bakeman, M Weingartner, R Gonsalves, AJ Shiraishi, S Lin, C van Tilborg, J Geddes, CGR Schroeder, CB Esarey, E Toth, C De Santis, S Byrd, JM Gruner, F Leemans, WP AF Osterhoff, J. Sokollik, T. Nakamura, K. Bakeman, M. Weingartner, R. Gonsalves, A. J. Shiraishi, S. Lin, C. van Tilborg, J. Geddes, C. G. R. Schroeder, C. B. Esarey, E. Toth, Cs. De Santis, S. Byrd, J. M. Gruener, F. Leemans, W. P. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Transport and Non-Invasive Position Detection of Electron Beams from Laser-Plasma Accelerators SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Electron-beam transport; laser-plasma acceleration; permanent magnet quadrupole; beam-position monitor ID DESIGN; SYSTEM AB The controlled imaging and transport of ultra-relativistic electrons from laser-plasma accelerators is of crucial importance to further use of these beams, e.g. in high peak-brightness light sources. We present our plans to realize beam transport with miniature permanent quadrupole magnets from the electron source through our THUNDER undulator. Simulation results demonstrate the importance of beam imaging by investigating the generated XUV-photon flux. In addition, first experimental findings of utilizing cavity-based monitors for non-invasive beam-position measurements in a noisy electromagnetic laser-plasma environment are discussed. C1 [Osterhoff, J.; Sokollik, T.; Nakamura, K.; Bakeman, M.; Gonsalves, A. J.; Shiraishi, S.; Lin, C.; van Tilborg, J.; Geddes, C. G. R.; Schroeder, C. B.; Esarey, E.; Toth, Cs.; De Santis, S.; Byrd, J. M.; Leemans, W. P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sokollik, T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Weingartner, R.; Gruener, F.] Univ Munich, Ludwig Maximilians, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Weingartner, R.; Gruener, F.] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Osterhoff, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sokollik, Thomas/P-2584-2015; OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 FU Office of Science; Office of High Energy Physics; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DTRA FX We would like to thank Zachary Wolf and his team at SLAC for assistance in characterizing the PMQs. Furthermore, the PMQ development was supported by the DFG-Cluster of Excellence Munich-Centre for Advanced Photonics (MAP). This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and DTRA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 575 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200097 ER PT S AU Piot, P Sun, YE Johnson, AS Lumpkin, AH Maxwell, T Ruan, J Thurman-Keup, R AF Piot, P. Sun, Y. -E Johnson, A. S. Lumpkin, A. H. Maxwell, T. Ruan, J. Thurman-Keup, R. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Transverse-to-Longitudinal Phase Space Exchange: a Versatile Tool for Shaping the Current and Energy Profiles of Relativistic Electron Bunches SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE beam dynamics; electron beams; phase-space manipulations; beam shaping AB Over the recent years, the emergence of accelerator beamlines capable of exchanging the phase space coordinates between two degrees of freedom has opened the path toward the precise control of phase space distribution and in particular to the production of relativistic electron beams with shaped current profiles. After briefly reviewing the technique, we present its application to produce a train of sub-picosecond microbunches and report on its experimental implementation at the Fermilab's A0 photoinjector facility. C1 [Piot, P.; Maxwell, T.] No Illinois Univ, No Illinois Ctr Accelerator & Detector Dev, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Piot, P.; Sun, Y. -E; Maxwell, T.] Accelerator Phys Ctr, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Johnson, A. S.; Lumpkin, A. H.; Ruan, J.; Thurman-Keup, R.] Accelerator Div, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Piot, P (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, No Illinois Ctr Accelerator & Detector Dev, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER41532]; Northern Illinois University; Fermi Research Alliance; LLC [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX We are indebted to R. Montiel, W. Muranyi, J. Santucci, C. Tan, and B. Tennis for their excellent operational and technical supports. We thank M. Church, H. Edwards, E. Harms and V. Shiltsev for their interest and encouragement. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-FG02-08ER41532 with Northern Illinois University and by the Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 592 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200100 ER PT S AU Ruan, JH Johnson, A Lumpkin, A Thurmann-Keup, R Edwards, H Sun, YE Piot, P AF Ruan, Jinhao Johnson, Amber Lumpkin, Alex Thurmann-Keup, Randy Edwards, Helen Sun, Yin-E Piot, Philippe BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Demonstration of Transverse-to-Longitudinal Emittance Exchange at the Fermilab Photoinjector SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Transverse to longitudinal emittance exchange; Photoinjector; Phase space manipulation AB Phase space manipulation techniques with two degrees of freedom could be essential to the enhancement of the performance of next generation accelerators such as high energy colliders and accelerator-based light sources. At the Fermilab A0 Photoinjector, a proof-of-principle experiment to demonstrate the exchange of the transverse and longitudinal emittance is ongoing. The emittance exchange (EEX) beamline consists of a 3.9 GHz normal conducting deflecting mode cavity positioned between two doglegs as proposed by Kim and Sessler. The experiment is performed using electron bunches with charge of 250 pC and energy of 14.3 MeV. The incoming electron beam has transverse emittance of 2-4 mm mrad and longitudinal emittance of 10-14 mm mrad. After the EEX the measured horizonal emittance is blown up to 13-15 mm mrad while the measured vertical emittance (Non EEX plane) stays the same. At the same time the longitudinal emittance is reduced to 7-9 mm mrad as measued by the current longitudinal diagnostic tools. A linear optics model is established using the beam matrix calculated and measured. A first order simulation based on this model is performed to compare to our experiment results for both EEX measurement and the phase space manipulation experiment. C1 [Ruan, Jinhao; Johnson, Amber; Lumpkin, Alex; Thurmann-Keup, Randy; Edwards, Helen] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Accelerator Div, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Sun, Yin-E; Piot, Philippe] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Accelerator Phys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Piot, Philippe] No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Ruan, JH (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Accelerator Div, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 614 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200104 ER PT S AU Jiang, B Gai, W Liu, W Power, JG AF Jiang, B. Gai, W. Liu, W. Power, J. G. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Using an Emittance Exchange Scheme for High Harmonic Generation by Free-Electron Lasers SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Phase space manipulation; emittance exchange; SASE FEL ID GAIN AB We propose combining a transverse-to-longitudinal emittance exchange beam line and a conventional modulator to generate high harmonics with short-wavelength free-electron lasers. The key point of this scheme is the use of a multi-slit mask to create a transverse-shaped beam. In an emittance exchange beam line, the transverse-shaped bunch will produce a longitudinal-shaped one, resulting in separated energy bands. The modulator that follows this step will generate micro-bunches containing high harmonics. A coherent synchrotron radiation effect is also considered in this paper; compared to the two-modulator scheme, the method investigated here is more flexible and can be used to relax the coherent synchrotron radiation effect. C1 [Jiang, B.; Gai, W.; Liu, W.; Power, J. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jiang, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 632 EP 637 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200107 ER PT S AU Stancari, G Drozhdin, A Kuznetsov, G Shiltsev, V Valishev, A Vorobiev, L Kabantsev, A AF Stancari, G. Drozhdin, A. Kuznetsov, G. Shiltsev, V. Valishev, A. Vorobiev, L. Kabantsev, A. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Hollow Electron Beam Collimator: R&D Status Report SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE proton halo; collimation; electron beam; electron gun ID DYNAMICS AB Magnetically confined hollow electron beams for controlled halo removal in high-energy colliders such as the Tevatron or the LHC may extend traditional collimation systems beyond the intensity limits imposed by tolerable material damage. They may also improve collimation performance by suppressing loss spikes due to beam jitter and by increasing capture efficiency. A hollow electron gun was designed and built. Its performance and stability were measured at the Fermi lab test stand. The gun will be installed in one of the existing Tevatron electron lenses for preliminary tests of the hollow-beam collimator concept, addressing critical issues such as alignment and instabilities of the overlapping proton and electron beams. C1 [Stancari, G.; Drozhdin, A.; Kuznetsov, G.; Shiltsev, V.; Valishev, A.; Vorobiev, L.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Kabantsev, A.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Stancari, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Kabantsev, Andrey/I-1015-2016 OI Kabantsev, Andrey/0000-0003-1667-7860 FU LLC [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; United States Department of Energy; United States Department of Energy through US LHC; Accelerator Research Program (LARP) FX We wish to thank G. Annala (FNAL),W. Fischer (BNL), N. Mokhov (FNAL), and J. C. Smith (SLAC) for discussions and insights. Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. This work was partially supported by the United States Department of Energy through the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP). NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 638 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200108 ER PT S AU Thangaraj, JCT Thurman-Keup, R Johnson, A Lumpkin, AH Edwards, H Ruan, J Santucci, J Sun, YE Church, M Piot, P AF Thangaraj, Jayakar C. T. Thurman-Keup, R. Johnson, A. Lumpkin, A. H. Edwards, H. Ruan, J. Santucci, J. Sun, Y. E. Church, M. Piot, P. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Experimental Study of Coherent Synchrotron Radiation in the Emittance Exchange Line at the A0-Photoinjector SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE coherent synchrotron radiation; photoinjector; emittance exchange; space charge; skew quad AB Next generation accelerators will require a high current, low emittance beam with a low energy spread. Such accelerators will employ advanced beam conditioning systems such as emittance exchangers to manipulate high brightness beams. One of the goals of the Fermilab A0 photoinjector is to investigate the transverse to longitudinal emittance exchange principle. Coherent synchrotron radiation could limit high current operation of the emittance exchanger. In this paper, we report on the preliminary experimental and simulation study of the coherent synchroton radiation (CSR) in the emittance exchange line at the A0 photoinjector. C1 [Thangaraj, Jayakar C. T.; Thurman-Keup, R.; Johnson, A.; Lumpkin, A. H.; Edwards, H.; Ruan, J.; Santucci, J.; Sun, Y. E.; Church, M.; Piot, P.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Thangaraj, JCT (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 643 EP 646 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200109 ER PT S AU Antipov, SP Schoessow, P Kanareykin, A Jing, CG Poluektov, O Gai, W AF Antipov, Sergey P. Schoessow, Paul Kanareykin, Alexei Jing, Chunguang Poluektov, Oleg Gai, Wei BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Paramagnetic Materials for PASER and Tunable RF Absorption SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE masers; electron beams; Zeeman effect ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MICROWAVE; POLARIZATION AB We report on the use of paramagnetic active media for the PASER (Particle Acceleration by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) and for dielectric loaded accelerating structures with tunable absorption for high order modes. The dielectric is doped with a material exhibiting high paramagnetic resonance, e.g. ruby with Cr3+. The absorption frequency can be tuned by a magnetic field. C1 [Antipov, Sergey P.; Schoessow, Paul; Kanareykin, Alexei; Jing, Chunguang] Euclid Techlabs LLC, Solon, OH 44139 USA. [Poluektov, Oleg; Gai, Wei] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Antipov, SP (reprint author), Euclid Techlabs LLC, Solon, OH 44139 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 653 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200111 ER PT S AU Yonehara, K Derbenev, YS Johnson, RP AF Yonehara, K. Derbenev, Y. S. Johnson, R. P. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Helical Channel Design and Technology for Cooling of Muon Beams SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Muon Collider; Six-dimensional phase space cooling; helical solenoid; pressurized rf cavities AB Novel magnetic helical channel designs for capture and cooling of bright muon beams are being developed using numerical simulations based on new inventions such as helical solenoid (HS) magnets and hydrogen-pressurized RF (HPRF) cavities. We are close to the factor of a million six-dimensional phase space (6D) reduction needed for muon colliders. Recent experimental and simulation results are presented. C1 [Yonehara, K.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Derbenev, Y. S.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Johnson, R. P.] Muons Inc, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Yonehara, K (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 658 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200112 ER PT S AU Morozov, VS Afanasev, A Derbenev, YS Johnson, RP AF Morozov, V. S. Afanasev, A. Derbenev, Y. S. Johnson, R. P. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Twin-Helix Channel for Parametric-Resonance Ionization Cooling SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE parametric resonance ionization cooling AB Parametric-resonance Ionization Cooling (PIC) [1-3] is envisioned as the final 6D cooling stage of a high-luminosity muon collider. Implementing PIC imposes stringent constraints on the cooling channel's magnetic optics design. This paper presents a linear optics solution compatible with PIC. Our solution consists of a superposition of two opposite-helicity equal-period and equal-strength helical dipole harmonics and a straight normal quadrupole. We demonstrate that such a system can be adjusted to meet all of the PIC linear optics requirements while retaining large acceptance. C1 [Morozov, V. S.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Afanasev, A.] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Derbenev, Y. S.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Morozov, V. S.; Afanasev, A.; Johnson, R. P.] Muons Inc, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Morozov, VS (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. OI Afanasev, Andrei/0000-0003-0679-3307 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 664 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200113 ER PT S AU Stratakis, D Gallardo, JC Palmer, RB AF Stratakis, Diktys Gallardo, Juan C. Palmer, Robert B. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI A Novel Method for Transport and Cooling of a Muon Beam Based on Magnetic Insulation SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE muon accelerators; beam transport; field-emission; rf breakdown AB Unwanted field emission is a well known problem for high-gradient accelerating structures as it can cause damage and initiate breakdown. Recent experiments indicated that the deleterious effects of field-emission are greatly enhanced in the presence of external magnetic fields. In the context of designing a muon accelerator this imposes numerous constraints since rf cavities need to operate within strong magnetic fields in order to successfully transport the beam. Here, a novel design of a magnetically insulated cavity in which the walls are parallel to the magnetic field lines is presented. We show that with magnetic insulation, damage from field emission can be significantly suppressed. Effects of coil positioning errors on the cavity performance are discussed and the required magnetic field strength to achieve insulation is estimated. We present a conceptual design of a muon collider cooling lattice with magnetic insulated cavities and cross-check its performance to the one with pillbox cavities. Finally an experiment to test magnetic insulation is described. C1 [Stratakis, Diktys; Gallardo, Juan C.; Palmer, Robert B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Stratakis, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Gallardo, Juan C/0000-0002-5191-3067 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 670 EP 675 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200114 ER PT S AU Johnstone, C Berz, M Makino, K Snopok, P AF Johnstone, C. Berz, M. Makino, K. Snopok, P. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Isochronous (CW) Non-Scaling FFAGs: Design and Simulation SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE FFAG design; lattice; simulation; isochronous; CW; proton driver AB The drive for higher beam power, high duty cycle, and reliable beams at reasonable cost has focused international attention and design effort on fixed field accelerators, notably Fixed-Field Alternating Gradient accelerators (FFAGs). High-intensity GeV proton drivers encounter duty cycle and space-charge limits in the synchrotron and machine size concerns in the weaker-focusing cyclotrons. A 10-20 MW proton driver is challenging, if even technically feasible, with conventional accelerators - with the possible exception of a SRF linac, which has a large associated cost and footprint. Recently, the concept of isochronous orbits has been explored and developed for nonscaling FFAGs using powerful new methodologies in FFAG accelerator design and simulation. The property of isochronous orbits enables the simplicity of fixed RF and, by tailoring a nonlinear radial field profile, the FFAG can remain isochronous beyond the energy reach of cyclotrons, well into the relativistic regime. With isochronous orbits, the machine proposed here has the high average current advantage and duty cycle of the cyclotron in combination with the strong focusing, smaller losses, and energy variability that are more typical of the synchrotron. This paper reports on these new advances in FFAG accelerator technology and presents advanced modeling tools for fixed-field accelerators unique to the code COSY INFINITY. C1 [Johnstone, C.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Berz, M.; Makino, K.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48224 USA. [Snopok, P.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys & Astron, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Johnstone, C (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. FU SBIR [DE-FG0208-ER85222]; Fermi Research Alliance [DEAC02-07CH11359]; U.S. Dept. of Energy FX 3 Work supported in part under SBIR grant DE-FG0208-ER85222 and by Fermi Research Alliance, under contract DEAC02-07CH11359, both with the U.S. Dept. of Energy NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 682 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200116 ER PT S AU Flippo, KA Gaillard, SA Kluge, T Bussmann, M Offermann, DT Cobble, JA Schmitt, MJ Bartal, T Beg, FN Cowan, TE Gall, B Gautier, DC Geissel, M Kwan, TJ Korgan, G Kovaleski, S Lockard, T Malekos, S Montgomery, DS Schollmeier, M Sentoku, Y AF Flippo, K. A. Gaillard, S. A. Kluge, T. Bussmann, M. Offermann, D. T. Cobble, J. A. Schmitt, M. J. Bartal, T. Beg, F. N. Cowan, T. E. Gall, B. Gautier, D. C. Geissel, M. Kwan, T. J. Korgan, G. Kovaleski, S. Lockard, T. Malekos, S. Montgomery, D. S. Schollmeier, M. Sentoku, Y. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Advanced Laser Particle Accelerator Development at LANL: From Fast Ignition to Radiation Oncology SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE laser-acceleration; laser-plasma interactions; plasma based accelerators; ion acceleration; fast ignition; hadron therapy; direct laser light acceleration; target normal sheath acceleration; TNSA ID HIGH-INTENSITY-LASER; HIGH-POWER LASERS; PROTON-BEAMS; HIGH-DENSITY; PLASMA INTERACTIONS; SOLID INTERACTIONS; ION-ACCELERATION; CANCER-THERAPY; DRIVEN; GENERATION AB Laser-plasma accelerated ion and electron beam sources are an emerging field with vast prospects, and promise many superior applications in a variety of fields such as hadron cancer therapy, compact radioisotope generation, table-top nuclear physics, laboratory astrophysics, nuclear forensics, waste transmutation, Special Nuclear Material (SNM) detection, and inertial fusion energy. LANL is engaged in several projects seeking to develop compact high-current and high-energy ion and electron sources. We are especially interested in two specific applications: ion fast ignition/capsule perturbation and radiation oncology. Laser-to-beam conversion efficiencies of over 10% are needed for practical applications, and we have already shown inherent efficiencies of > 5% from flat foils, on Trident using only a 5th of the intensity [1] and energy of the Nova Petawatt laser[2]. With clever target designs, like structured curved cone targets, we have also been able to achieve major ion energy gains, leading to the highest energy laser-accelerated proton beams in the world [3]. These new target designs promise to help usher in the next generation of particle sources realizing the potential of laser-accelerated beams. C1 [Flippo, K. A.; Offermann, D. T.; Cobble, J. A.; Schmitt, M. J.; Gautier, D. C.; Kwan, T. J.; Montgomery, D. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Flippo, KA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Sentoku, Yasuhiko/P-5419-2014; Schollmeier, Marius/H-1056-2012; Bussmann, Michael/A-3422-2009; Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011; OI Kovaleski, Scott/0000-0002-5831-6388; Offermann, Dustin/0000-0002-6033-4905; Schmitt, Mark/0000-0002-0197-9180; Schollmeier, Marius/0000-0002-0683-022X; Bussmann, Michael/0000-0002-8258-3881; Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X; Flippo, Kirk/0000-0002-4752-5141 NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 693 EP 698 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200118 ER PT S AU Palmer, CAJ Dover, N Pogorelsky, I Babzien, M Dudnikova, G Ispiriyan, M Polyanskiy, M Schreiber, J Shkolnikov, P Yakimenko, V Najmudin, Z AF Palmer, Charlotte A. J. Dover, Nicholas Pogorelsky, Igor Babzien, Marcus Dudnikova, Galina Ispiriyan, Mikael Polyanskiy, Michael Schreiber, Jeorg Shkolnikov, Peter Yakimenko, Vitaly Najmudin, Zulfikar BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI First Experiments on Laser Acceleration of Protons in Overdense Gas Jets SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE ultrafast lasers; ion acceleration AB We report the first, to our knowledge, experimental investigation of proton acceleration by a laser in an overdense gas jet, in particular first direct experimental observations of quasi-monoenergetic spectra of ions accelerated by radiation pressure of relativistically intense circularly polarized laser radiation. CO2 laser radiation with the wavelength lambda approximate to 10 mu m, focused to the intensities of up to 10(16)W cm(-2) into a hydrogen gas jet with densities of 3-5x10(19) cm(-3), generates proton beams with energy in a narrow range around 1.2 MeV, in a reasonable agreement with Radiation Pressure Acceleration theory. We also observed slow-moving, quasi-stable bubble-like structures in laser plasma, which we interpret as post-solitons. C1 [Palmer, Charlotte A. J.; Dover, Nicholas; Schreiber, Jeorg; Najmudin, Zulfikar] London Imperial Coll, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. [Pogorelsky, Igor; Babzien, Marcus; Polyanskiy, Michael; Yakimenko, Vitaly] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Dudnikova, Galina] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ispiriyan, Mikael; Shkolnikov, Peter] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Schreiber, Jeorg] Univ Munich, Fak Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Schreiber, Jeorg] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Palmer, CAJ (reprint author), London Imperial Coll, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. RI Polyanskiy, Mikhail/E-8406-2010 FU Libra Basic Technology; US DOE [DE-FG02-07ER41488] FX The work was partly funded by the Libra Basic Technology. Consortium and US DOE grant DE-FG02-07ER41488. We thank; D. Neely, P. Foster and J. Green for providing spectral response calibration of the scintillator, the Osiris consortium (UCLA/IST/USC) for use of Osiris, K. Kusche, and the ATF technical staff for their assistance with the experiment, and A. E. Dangor for useful discussions NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 699 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200119 ER PT S AU Kluge, T Gaillard, SA Bussmann, M Flippo, KA Burris-Mog, T Gall, B Geissel, M Kraft, SD Lockard, T Metzkes, J Offermann, DT Rassuchine, J Schollmeier, M Schramm, U Sentoku, Y Zeil, K Cowan, TE AF Kluge, T. Gaillard, S. A. Bussmann, M. Flippo, K. A. Burris-Mog, T. Gall, B. Geissel, M. Kraft, S. D. Lockard, T. Metzkes, J. Offermann, D. T. Rassuchine, J. Schollmeier, M. Schramm, U. Sentoku, Y. Zeil, K. Cowan, T. E. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Theoretical Understanding of Enhanced Proton Energies from Laser-Cone Interactions SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE laser; proton; ion; acceleration; flat top cone; maximum energy ID HIGH-DENSITY; ELECTRON; BEAMS AB For the past ten years, the highest proton energies accelerated with high-intensity lasers was 58 MeV, observed in 2000 at the LLNL NOVA Petawatt laser, using flat foil targets. Recently, 67.5 MeV protons were observed in experiments at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Trident laser, using one-fifth of the PW laser pulse energy, incident into novel conical targets. We present a focused study of new theoretical understanding of this measured enhancement from collisional Particle-in-Cell simulations, which shows that the hot electron temperature, number and maximum energy, responsible for the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA) at the cone-top, are significantly increased when the laser grazes the cone wall. This is mainly due to the extraction of electrons from the cone wall by the laser electric field, and their boost in the forward direction by the vxB term of the Lorentz force. This result is in contrast to previous predictions of optical collection and wall-guiding of electrons in angled cones. This new wall-grazing mechanism offers the prospect to linearly increase the hot electron temperature, and thereby the TNSA proton energy, by extending the length over which the laser interacts in a grazing fashion in suitably optimized targets. This may allow achieving much higher proton energies for interesting future applications, with smaller, lower energy laser systems that allow for a high repetition rate. C1 [Kluge, T.; Gaillard, S. A.; Bussmann, M.; Burris-Mog, T.; Kraft, S. D.; Metzkes, J.; Rassuchine, J.; Schramm, U.; Zeil, K.; Cowan, T. E.] Forschungszentrum Dresden Rossendorf eV, D-01328 Dresden, Germany. [Flippo, K. A.; Offermann, D. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Gall, B.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Geissel, M.; Schollmeier, M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Lockard, T.; Sentoku, Y.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Kluge, T (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Dresden Rossendorf eV, D-01328 Dresden, Germany. RI Schramm, Ulrich/C-9393-2012; Schollmeier, Marius/H-1056-2012; Bussmann, Michael/A-3422-2009; Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011; Sentoku, Yasuhiko/P-5419-2014 OI Offermann, Dustin/0000-0002-6033-4905; Schramm, Ulrich/0000-0003-0390-7671; Schollmeier, Marius/0000-0002-0683-022X; Flippo, Kirk/0000-0002-4752-5141; Bussmann, Michael/0000-0002-8258-3881; Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X; FU TRIDENT; Sandia National Laboratories, under DOE-NNSA [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; JSC [HDR04]; onCOOPtics [03ZIK445] FX K.A.F, D.T.O. and B.G. would like to thank the LANL LDRD program for supporting TRIDENT, financing the targets, and the experiments performed at LANL. M.S. and M.G. were supported by Sandia National Laboratories, under DOE-NNSA contract number DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work was partially supported by JSC computing grant HDR04 and the joint research project onCOOPtics grant 03ZIK445 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 715 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200122 ER PT S AU Cowan, TE Schramm, U Burris-Mog, T Fiedler, F Kraft, SD Zeil, K Baumann, M Bussmann, M Enghardt, W Flippo, K Gaillard, S Harres, K Herrmannsdoerfer, T Kluge, T Nurnberg, F Pawelke, J Roth, M Schmidt, B Sobiella, M Sauerbrey, R AF Cowan, T. E. Schramm, U. Burris-Mog, T. Fiedler, F. Kraft, S. D. Zeil, K. Baumann, M. Bussmann, M. Enghardt, W. Flippo, K. Gaillard, S. Harres, K. Herrmannsdoerfer, T. Kluge, T. Nuernberg, F. Pawelke, J. Roth, M. Schmidt, B. Sobiella, M. Sauerbrey, R. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Prospects For and Progress Towards Laser-Driven Particle Therapy Accelerators SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Laser ion acceleration; Particle therapy ID IRRADIATION; PULSES; BEAMS; PET AB Recent advances in laser-ion acceleration have motivated research towards laser-driven compact accelerators for medical therapy. Realizing laser-ion acceleration for medical therapy will require adapting the medical requirements to the foreseeable laser constraints, as well as advances in laser-acceleration physics, beam manipulation and delivery, real-time dosimetry, treatment planning and translational research into a clinical setting. C1 [Cowan, T. E.; Schramm, U.; Burris-Mog, T.; Fiedler, F.; Kraft, S. D.; Zeil, K.; Bussmann, M.; Gaillard, S.; Herrmannsdoerfer, T.; Kluge, T.; Schmidt, B.; Sobiella, M.; Sauerbrey, R.] Forschungszentrum Dresden Rossendorf, POB 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. [Baumann, M.; Enghardt, W.; Pawelke, J.] Tech Univ Dresden, OncoRay Ctr Radiat Res Oncol, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. [Baumann, M.] Tech Univ Dresden, Klinik Strahlentherapie & Radioonkologie, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. [Flippo, K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Harres, K.; Nuernberg, F.; Roth, M.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Cowan, TE (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Dresden Rossendorf, POB 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. RI Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011; Schramm, Ulrich/C-9393-2012; Bussmann, Michael/A-3422-2009; Fiedler, Fine/B-7165-2014; Herrmannsdorfer, Thomas/K-5888-2015 OI Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X; Flippo, Kirk/0000-0002-4752-5141; Schramm, Ulrich/0000-0003-0390-7671; Bussmann, Michael/0000-0002-8258-3881; Fiedler, Fine/0000-0002-2352-2042; FU German Federal Ministry of Education; BMBF [03ZIK445] FX This work has been supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research BMBF (03ZIK445). We thank the staffs and our collaborators at the FZD-Draco, LANL Trident, GSI-PHELIX, and LULI-100 TW lasers and the GSI SIS, for their expert assistance and contributions to the experiments described in this paper NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 721 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200123 ER PT S AU Polyanskiy, MN Pogorelsky, IV Yakimenko, V AF Polyanskiy, Mikhail N. Pogorelsky, Igor V. Yakimenko, Vitaly BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Picosecond 10 mu m Pulse Amplification in Isotopic CO(2) Active Medium SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE CO(2) laser; laser amplifier; picosecond pulses AB Using isotopically enriched carbon dioxide gas in high pressure CO(2) amplifier we achieved amplification of 5 ps pulse from 1 mu J to 3-5 J energies with virtually no pulse splitting caused by spectral modulation by rotational structure of amplification band. C1 [Polyanskiy, Mikhail N.; Pogorelsky, Igor V.; Yakimenko, Vitaly] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Polyanskiy, MN (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 820M, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Polyanskiy, Mikhail/E-8406-2010 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 743 EP 746 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200127 ER PT S AU Musumeci, P Westfall, M Li, RK Murokh, A Tremaine, A Pogorelsky, IV AF Musumeci, P. Westfall, M. Li, R. K. Murokh, A. Tremaine, A. Pogorelsky, I. V. BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI High-Gradient High-Energy-Gain Inverse Free Electron Laser Experiment Using a Helical Undulator SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 13-19, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD SP Us Dept Energy, Off High Energy Phys, Univ Maryland DE Inverse Free Electron Laser; helical undulator AB In this paper we present the design of the high-gradient, high-energy-gain IFEL accelerator proposed for construction at the ATF beamline in BNL. We plan to accelerate the ATF electron beam from 50 MeV to 120 MeV using a 60 cm long tapered permanent magnet helical undulator designed at UCLA and the existing ATF 0.5 TW CO2 laser system. The experiment will obtain a record 120 MV/m gradient and >70 MeV energy gain and will be an important step in the development of compact IFEL accelerators for the mid-high energy range (up to 1-2 GeV). C1 [Musumeci, P.; Westfall, M.; Li, R. K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Murokh, A.; Tremaine, A.] Radiabeam Technol LLC, Santa Monica, CA USA. [Pogorelsky, I. V.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Musumeci, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. FU UC [09-LR-04-117055-MUSP]; DOE-HEP [DE FG02-92ER40693]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Basic Research [HDTRA1-10-1-0073]; UCLA [SBIR HDTRA110P0021] FX We wish to thank E. Hemsing and F. OShea for discussion on the undulator design. This work was partially funded by UC Lab fee award 09-LR-04-117055-MUSP and DOE-HEP grant DE FG02-92ER40693 and Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Basic Research Award # HDTRA1-10-1-0073, to UCLA and SBIR HDTRA110P0021 to Radiabeam Technology NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0853-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1299 BP 747 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BTK75 UT WOS:000287176200128 ER PT S AU Sun, JG AF Sun, J. G. BE Zhu, D Lin, HT Mathur, S Ohji, T TI THERMAL PROPERTY MEASUREMENT FOR THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS BY THERMAL IMAGING METHOD SO ADVANCED CERAMIC COATINGS AND INTERFACES V SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC)/Symposium on Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Structural, Environmental and Functional Applications CY JAN 24-29, 2010 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Engn Ceram Div (ECD) ID CONDUCTIVITY AB Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are being extensively used for improving the performance and extending the life of combustor and gas turbine components. TBC thermal properties, thermal conductivity and heat capacity (the product of density and specific heat), are important parameters in those applications. These TBC properties are usually measured by destructive methods, involving separating the ceramic coating layer from the substrate and performing density, specific heat, and thermal diffusivity measurements. Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods, on the other hand, allow for direct TBC property measurement on natural TBC samples. Therefore, they can be used for inspecting the quality of as-processed components and monitoring TBC degradation during service. This paper presents a multilayer thermal-modeling NDE method, which analyzes data obtained from pulsed thermal imaging, to determine thermal conductivity and heat capacity distributions over the entire surface of a TBC specimen. The measurement accuracy was investigated and compared with standard destructive measurement data. Experimental results are presented and discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sun, JG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-94396-0 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2010 VL 31 IS 3 BP 87 EP 94 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BBU92 UT WOS:000308296400008 ER PT S AU Cruz-Cabrera, AA Kemme, SA Cich, MJ Ellis, AR Wendt, JR Rowen, AM Samora, S Martinez, MJ Scrymgeour, DA Peters, DW AF Cruz-Cabrera, A. A. Kemme, S. A. Cich, M. J. Ellis, A. R. Wendt, J. R. Rowen, A. M. Samora, S. Martinez, M. J. Scrymgeour, D. A. Peters, D. W. BE Schoenfeld, WV Wang, JJ Loncar, M Suleski, TJ TI Demonstration of Thermal Emission Control SO ADVANCED FABRICATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MICRO/NANO OPTICS AND PHOTONICS III SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Fabrication Technologies for Micro/Nano Optics and Photonics III CY JAN 25-27, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE emission; absorption; surface plasmons; diffractive; gratings; infrared; thermal ID PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; COHERENT EMISSION; RADIATION AB In this paper, we describe our efforts to control the thermal emission from a surface utilizing structured surfaces with metal/dielectric interfaces. The goal was not to eliminate the emission, but to control the output direction and spectrum. We focus on methods that lead to high emissivity at grazing angles, with low emission near normal. We describe the fabrication and measurement of large passive devices (15x15 mm) and arrays of smaller chips for thermal emission control in the longwave infrared (8 to 12 micron) spectral region. All the devices consist of a metal base layer covered with dielectric/metal posts or lines, 0.5 microns tall. The posts (0.9x0.9 micron) and lines (0.3 micron wide) are subwavelength. One-dimensional and two-dimensional devices with a 3 micron pitch will be shown. The devices are measured with both a hemispherical directional reflectometer and a variable angle directional emissometer. Both simulated and experimental results show the thermal emission effectively limited to a small spectral region and grazing angles from the surface (= 80) in stark contrast to the typical Lambertian radiation seen from unstructured material. Finally, the effect of this thermal emission control is illustrated using an infrared camera. C1 [Cruz-Cabrera, A. A.; Kemme, S. A.; Cich, M. J.; Ellis, A. R.; Wendt, J. R.; Rowen, A. M.; Martinez, M. J.; Scrymgeour, D. A.; Peters, D. W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cruz-Cabrera, AA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Scrymgeour, David/C-1981-2008 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7987-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7591 AR 75910P DI 10.1117/12.842602 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BSR94 UT WOS:000285572200016 ER PT S AU Limmer, SJ Yelton, WG Siegal, MP Bunker, BC AF Limmer, S. J. Yelton, W. G. Siegal, M. P. Bunker, B. C. BE Zhang, X Chu, D Fedkiw, PS Wang, C TI Nanoporous Carbon for Electrochemical Capacitors SO ADVANCED ORGANIC AND INORGANIC MATERIALS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL POWER SOURCES SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advanced Organic and Inorganic Materials for Electrochemical Power Sources held during the 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY APR 25-30, 2010 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Battery Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, Ind Electrochemistry & Electrochem Engn Div ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; SUPERCAPACITORS; ELECTRODES AB Nanoporous carbon (NPC) is a purely graphitic material with highly controlled densities ranging from less than 0.1 to 2.0 g/cm(3), grown via pulsed-laser deposition. Decreasing the density of NPC increases the interplanar spacing between graphene-sheet fragments. This ability to tune the interplanar spacing makes NPC an ideal model system to study the behavior of carbon electrodes in electrochemical capacitors and batteries. We examine the capacitance of NPC films in alkaline and acidic electrolytes, and measure specific capacitances as high as 242 F/g. C1 [Limmer, S. J.; Yelton, W. G.; Siegal, M. P.; Bunker, B. C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Limmer, SJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. OI Limmer, Steven/0000-0001-6588-372X NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-834-3 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 28 IS 8 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1149/1.3490686 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BC6TQ UT WOS:000354480500010 ER PT J AU Zhu, Y Frey, HC AF Zhu, Y. Frey, H. C. BE Roddy, D TI Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant design and technology SO ADVANCED POWER PLANT MATERIALS, DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE gasification; combined cycle; gas turbine; water-gas shift (WGS); CO2 capture ID COMMERCIALLY READY TECHNOLOGY; CO2 CAPTURE; COAL; MEMBRANE; HYDROGEN; COPRODUCTION; ELECTRICITY; ENERGY AB The main process areas of integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plants without and with carbon dioxide (CO2) capture are described. Key factors in IGCC plant design are described for major process areas, including gasification, water-gas shift, gas turbine, CO2 capture, and other emissions control technologies. The advantages and limitations of coal IGCC plants are discussed. The main development trends of IGCC technologies are reviewed and summarized. C1 [Frey, H. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Zhu, Y.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Frey, HC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM yunhua.zhu@pnl.gov; frey@ncsu.edu NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-515-6 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL SER EN PY 2010 IS 5 BP 54 EP 88 DI 10.1533/9781845699468.1.54 D2 10.1533/9781845699468 PG 35 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels GA BRR80 UT WOS:000283503600004 ER PT S AU Heffner, RH Goko, T Andreica, D Ohishi, K Higemoto, W Ito, TU Amato, A Spehling, J Klauss, HH Bauer, ED Thompson, JD Uemura, YJ AF Heffner, R. H. Goko, T. Andreica, D. Ohishi, K. Higemoto, W. Ito, T. U. Amato, A. Spehling, J. Klauss, H-H Bauer, E. D. Thompson, J. D. Uemura, Y. J. BE Higemoto, W Kawasuso, A TI mu SR study of CeRhIn5 under applied pressure SO ADVANCED SCIENCE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 2009: POSITRON, MUON AND OTHER EXOTIC PARTICLE BEAMS FOR MATERIALS AND ATOMIC/MOLECULAR SCIENCES SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advanced Science Research International Symposium CY NOV 10-12, 2009 CL Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, JAPAN SP Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr HO Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr ID SUPERCONDUCTORS AB At ambient pressure CeRhIn5 is an incommensurate antiferromagnet with Neel temperature T-N = 3.8 K. The application of pressure reduces T-N and yields (1) a state in which AFM coexists with superconductivity, and then (2) a superconducting state in the absence of AFM. We report transverse-field muon spin relaxation (mu SR) measurements at pressures 2.07 and 2.26 GPa in the pure superconducting state of single-crystalline CeRhIn5, which has a tetragonal structure. mu SR is sensitive to the local field distribution produced by the vortex lattice in a mixed superconducting state, allowing a measurement of the magnetic field penetration depth lambda(T). We measured lambda(ab)(T) for applied field along the c-axis as a function of temperature T, and find lambda(ab)(0) = 372(5) nm and 338(6) nm for P = 2.07 GPa and 2.26 GPa, respectively. The temperature dependence of the superfluid density rho(s)(T) proportional to lambda(-2)(T) was found to be rho(s)(T) proportional to T-n, with n = 1.9(2). C1 [Heffner, R. H.; Bauer, E. D.; Thompson, J. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Heffner, R. H.; Higemoto, W.; Ito, T. U.] ASRC, Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Goko, T.; Uemura, Y. J.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Goko, T.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Andreica, D.] Babes Boyai Univ, Fac Phys, R-400084 Clujnapoca, Romania. [Amato, A.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Muon Spect, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Ohishi, K.] RIKEN, Adv Meson Sci Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Spehling, J.; Klauss, H-H] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Festkorperphys, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. RP Heffner, RH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM muonphysics@hotmail.com RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Amato, Alex/H-7674-2013; OI Amato, Alex/0000-0001-9963-7498; Ito, Takashi/0000-0003-1971-4313 FU Romanian CNCSIS [444/2009] FX DA acknowledges partial financial support from the Romanian CNCSIS project 444/2009. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 225 AR 012011 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/225/1/012011 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BTK77 UT WOS:000287178900011 ER PT S AU Higemoto, W Ito, TU Ninomiya, K Heffner, RH Shimomura, K Nishiyama, K Miyake, Y AF Higemoto, W. Ito, T. U. Ninomiya, K. Heffner, R. H. Shimomura, K. Nishiyama, K. Miyake, Y. BE Higemoto, W Kawasuso, A TI JAEA-ASRC muon research at J-PARC MUSE SO ADVANCED SCIENCE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 2009: POSITRON, MUON AND OTHER EXOTIC PARTICLE BEAMS FOR MATERIALS AND ATOMIC/MOLECULAR SCIENCES SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advanced Science Research International Symposium CY NOV 10-12, 2009 CL Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, JAPAN SP Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr HO Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr AB The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)-Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC) has developed experimental equipment at the J-PARC MLF muon science facility (MUSE) for muon spin rotation/relaxation experiments. We have extracted part of the muon beam into a muon spectrometer constructed downstream from the Decay/Surface muon beam line. The current status of our project is discussed here. C1 [Higemoto, W.; Ito, T. U.; Ninomiya, K.; Heffner, R. H.; Nishiyama, K.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Naka, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Higemoto, W.; Ito, T. U.; Ninomiya, K.; Shimomura, K.; Nishiyama, K.; Miyake, Y.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, J PARC Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Heffner, R. H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Shimomura, K.; Nishiyama, K.; Miyake, Y.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Muon Sci Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Higemoto, W (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Naka, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. EM higemoto.wataru@jaea.go.jp OI Ito, Takashi/0000-0003-1971-4313 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 225 AR 012012 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/225/1/012012 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BTK77 UT WOS:000287178900012 ER PT S AU Ito, TU Higemoto, W Ohishi, K Nishida, N Heffner, RH Aoki, Y Suzuki, HS Onimaru, T Tanida, H Takagi, S AF Ito, T. U. Higemoto, W. Ohishi, K. Nishida, N. Heffner, R. H. Aoki, Y. Suzuki, H. S. Onimaru, T. Tanida, H. Takagi, S. BE Higemoto, W Kawasuso, A TI mu(+) diffusion in cubic f-electron compounds observed by high transverse field mu+SR SO ADVANCED SCIENCE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 2009: POSITRON, MUON AND OTHER EXOTIC PARTICLE BEAMS FOR MATERIALS AND ATOMIC/MOLECULAR SCIENCES SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advanced Science Research International Symposium CY NOV 10-12, 2009 CL Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, JAPAN SP Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr HO Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr ID QUANTUM DIFFUSION; COPPER; MUONS; STATE AB Positive muon (mu(+)) diffusion was observed in cubic f-electron compounds PrPb3 and SmAg2In by means of the mu(+) spin rotation (mu+SR) method in high transverse field applied along the [001] direction. The applied field splits one crystallographic site into two magnetically inequivalent sites. The mu(+) diffusion between these magnetically different sites drastically influences the mu+SR frequencies, so that two lines are gradually merged into one line at increasing temperature due to the motional narrowing effect. The mu(+) hopping rate Omega derived from the mu+SR line shape follows the Arrhenius law, namely, Omega = Omega(0) exp(-U/k(B)T) in both cases. The preexponential factor Omega(0) suggests that the dominant mechanism of mu(+) diffusion is classical over-the-barrier hopping in PrPb3 for 1401000 liters of water was required for each groundwater measurement, making the method cumbersome for routine scientific applications. Recent developments in our laboratory have made it possible to further improve both the counting rate and counting efficiency of the ATTA method. The more advanced ATTA instruments currently under development are expected to find applications in environmental science, earth science, nuclear waste management, nuclear non-proliferation, as well as basic research in nuclear and particle physics. Future development in pulsed VUV lasers may push the ATTA technique further towards perfection. C1 [Lu, Zheng-Tian; Mueller, Peter] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lu, Zheng-Tian] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Lu, Zheng-Tian] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Lu, ZT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Mueller, Peter/E-4408-2011 OI Mueller, Peter/0000-0002-8544-8191 NR 76 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-250X BN 978-0-12-381029-8 J9 ADV ATOM MOL OPT PHY JI Adv. Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys. PY 2010 VL 58 BP 173 EP 205 DI 10.1016/S1049-250X(10)05809-X PG 33 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BPV03 UT WOS:000280059900004 ER PT S AU Strong, KT Wereszczak, AA Daloz, WL Jadaan, OM AF Strong, K. T., Jr. Wereszczak, A. A. Daloz, W. L. Jadaan, O. M. BE Swab, JJ TI INDENTER ELASTIC MODULUS AND HERTZIAN RING CRACK INITIATION SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC ARMOR V SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 18-23, 2009 CL Daytona Beach, FL ID FRACTURE AB Hertzian ring crack initiation was studied in several brittle materials using spherical indenters made from different materials. Target materials included silicon carbide, silicon nitride, and borosilicate glass. Indenter materials included glass, zirconia, steel, silicon nitride, alumina, and tungsten carbide. Decreasing the elastic modulus of the indenter against every one of the target materials resulted in the target material exhibiting ring crack initiation at lower forces. The trend is consistent and conclusive. This response is described in regards to the Poisson's mismatch between indenter and target and the associated friction effects that it produces. C1 [Strong, K. T., Jr.; Wereszczak, A. A.; Daloz, W. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Strong, KT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016 OI Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-45755-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 5 BP 83 EP 90 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BQI71 UT WOS:000281126300008 ER PT S AU Schmidt, KF Little, JR Ellingson, WA Green, W AF Schmidt, K. F., Jr. Little, J. R., Jr. Ellingson, W. A. Green, W. BE Swab, JJ TI A PORTABLE MICROWAVE INTERFERENCE SCANNING SYSTEM FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF MULTI-LAYERED DIELECTRIC MATERIALS SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC ARMOR V SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 18-23, 2009 CL Daytona Beach, FL AB A portable nondestructive technique that can be used for in-situ monitoring of the condition of multilayer composite material ceramic armor has been developed and demonstrated using the Evisive Scan microwave interference scanning method. The portable microwave interference scanning system has been demonstrated to detect damage on test specimens and engineered features in surrogates. Work has been conducted using specially fabricated surrogates and as-produced and non-ballistic impact damaged specimens. The microwave interference scanning technique detects and images cracks, laminar features and variations in material properties such as density. It requires access to only one surface, and no coupling medium. Other methods, including through-transmission x-ray, and destructive examination are used to establish quantitative performance. It appears' that the method is suitable for in-theater health monitoring of composite ceramic armor and that damage level data are not affected by separation of outer lamination layers. Test panels used in this work were provided by the US Army Research Laboratory, Ballistics Testing Station through Argonne National Laboratory. This paper will describe the system and present current results. C1 [Schmidt, K. F., Jr.; Little, J. R., Jr.] Evisive Inc, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. [Ellingson, W. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. [Green, W.] Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Schmidt, KF (reprint author), Evisive Inc, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. FU US Army RDECOM ARL; US Army RDECOM TARDEC FX This work is supported by the US Army RDECOM ARL and US Army RDECOM TARDEC whose staffs insight and technical contribution is much apprcciated. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-45755-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 5 BP 123 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BQI71 UT WOS:000281126300012 ER PT S AU Lai, KC Sun, X Templeton, DW AF Lai, Kevin C. Sun, Xin Templeton, Douglas W. BE Swab, JJ TI ANALYSES OF VARIOUS DAMAGE MECHANISMS IN TRANSPARENT ARMOR SUBJECT TO PROJECTILE IMPACT SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC ARMOR V SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 18-23, 2009 CL Daytona Beach, FL AB Design and manufacturing of transparent armor have been historically carried out using experimental approaches. In this study, we use advanced computational modeling tools to study the various stress components during the impact event and to identify the different crack/damage driving mechanisms for the different cracking patterns. Experimentally observed damage patterns for a thick glass laminate under fragmentation simulation projectile (FSP) impact are used to compare with the modeling results. AHPCRC developed modeling software EPIC'06 [1] is used in predicting the penetration resistance of transparent armor systems. It is found that a 1-parameter single state model can be used to predict the impact penetration depth with relatively good accuracy. In addition, regions with high radial stress and high hoop stress are found to correlate well with locations of ring cracks and radial cracks respectively. It is also found that a region of high radial stress and circumferential stress is produced by the impact at the back side of the target plate, possibly causing tensile damage leading to higher penetration depth for thinner laminates or higher velocity impact. C1 [Lai, Kevin C.; Sun, Xin] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lai, KC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, K6-08,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-45755-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 5 BP 205 EP 212 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BQI71 UT WOS:000281126300019 ER PT S AU Bakas, M Chu, H AF Bakas, Michael Chu, Henry BE Swab, JJ TI PRESSURELESS REACTION SINTERING OF AlON USING ALUMINUM ORTHOPHOSPHATE AS A TRANSIENT LIQUID PHASE SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC ARMOR V SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 18-23, 2009 CL Daytona Beach, FL ID OXYNITRIDE; SYSTEM AB Use of aluminum oxynitride (AlON) in transparent armor systems has been difficult due to the expense and limitations of the processing methods currently necessary to achieve transparency. Development of a pressureless processing method based on direct reaction sintering of alumina and aluminum nitride powders would reduce costs and provide a more flexible and practical manufacturing method. It may be possible to develop such a processing method using liquid phase sintering; as long as the liquid phase does not remain in the final sample. AlPO(4) forms a liquid phase with Al(2)O(3) and AlN at the temperatures required to sinter AlON, and slowly decomposes into P(2)O(5) and alumina. Therefore, it was investigated as a possible transient liquid phase for reaction-sintered AlON. Small compacts of alumina and aluminum nitride with up to of 15.0 wt% AlPO(4) additive were pressed and sintered. It was found that AlPO(4) formed the requisite transient liquid phase, and it was possible to adjust the process to produce AlON samples with good transmission and densities of 3.66-3.67 g/cc. XRD confirmed the samples formed were AlON, with no trace of any remaining phosphate phases or excess alumina or aluminum nitride. Based on the results, it was concluded that AlPO(4) could be utilized as a transient liquid phase to improve the density and optical transmission of AlON produced by pressureless reaction sintering. C1 [Bakas, Michael; Chu, Henry] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Bakas, M (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-45755-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 5 BP 213 EP 223 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BQI71 UT WOS:000281126300020 ER PT S AU Ambrosini, A Coker, EN Rodriguez, MA Livers, S Evans, LR Miller, JE Stechel, EB AF Ambrosini, Andrea Coker, Eric N. Rodriguez, Mark A. Livers, Stephanie Evans, Lindsey R. Miller, James E. Stechel, Ellen B. BE Hu, YH TI Synthesis and Characterization of Ferrite Materials for Thermochemical CO2 Splitting Using Concentrated Solar Energy SO ADVANCES IN CO2 CONVERSION AND UTILIZATION SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 238th Annual Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 16-20, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP ACS, Div Chem Educ, ACS, Div Ind & Engn Chem, ACS, Div Fuel Chem ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; CRYSTALLINE; TRANSPORT; OXIDES AB The Sunshine to Petrol effort at Sandia aims to convert carbon dioxide and water to precursors for liquid hydrocarbon fuels using concentrated solar power. Significant advances have been made in the field of solar thermochemical CO2-splitting technologies utilizing yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)-supported ferrite composites. Conceptually, such materials work via the basic redox reactions: Fe3O4 -> 3FeO + 0.5O(2) (Thermal reduction, >1350 degrees C) and 3FeO + CO2 -> Fe3O4 + CO (CO2-splitting oxidation, <1200 degrees C). There has been limited fundamental characterization of the ferrite-based materials at the high temperatures and conditions present in these cycles. A systematic study of these composites is underway in an effort to begin to elucidate microstructure, structure-property relationships, and the role of the support on redox behavior under high-temperature reducing and oxidizing environments. In this paper the synthesis, structural characterization (including scanning electron microscopy and room temperature and in-situ x-ray diffraction), and thermogravimetric analysis of YSZ-supported ferrites will be reported. (C) 2010 American Chemical Society C1 [Ambrosini, Andrea; Coker, Eric N.; Rodriguez, Mark A.; Livers, Stephanie; Evans, Lindsey R.; Miller, James E.; Stechel, Ellen B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ambrosini, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS0734, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM aambros@sandia.gov RI Dom, Rekha/B-7113-2012; Miller, James/C-1128-2011 OI Miller, James/0000-0001-6811-6948 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2596-1 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2010 VL 1056 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1021/bk-2010-1056.ch001 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BXA66 UT WOS:000295547400001 ER PT S AU Song, JA Li, PE Gans, J Vuyisich, M Deshpande, A Wolinsky, M White, PS AF Song, Jian Li, Po-E Gans, Jason Vuyisich, Momchilo Deshpande, Alina Wolinsky, Murray White, P. Scott BE Arabnia, HR TI Simultaneous Pathogen Detection and Antibiotic Resistance Characterization Using SNP-Based Multiplexed Oligonucleotide Ligation-PCR (MOL-PCR) SO ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Antibiotic resistance; MOL-PCR; Multiplexed; Pathogen; SNP-based detection ID GENES AB Extensive use of antibiotics in both public health and animal husbandry has resulted in rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance in almost all human pathogens, including biothreat pathogens. Antibiotic resistance has thus become a major concern for both public health and national security. We developed multiplexed assays for rapid, simultaneous pathogen detection and characterization of ciprofloxacin and doxycycline resistance in Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, and Francisella tularensis. These assays are SNP-based and use Multiplexed Oligonucleotide Ligation-PCR (MOL-PCR). The MOL-PCR assay chemistry and MOLigo probe design process are presented. A web-based tool - MOLigoDesigner (http://MOLigoDesigner.lanl.gov) was developed to facilitate the probe design. All probes were experimentally validated individually and in multiplexed assays, and minimal sets of multiplexed MOLigo probes were identified for simultaneous pathogen detection and antibiotic resistance characterization. C1 [Song, Jian; White, P. Scott] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Song, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM jian@lanl.gov; scott_white@lanl.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4419-5912-6 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2010 VL 680 BP 455 EP 464 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-5913-3_51 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-5913-3 PG 10 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BRL22 UT WOS:000283006100051 PM 20865530 ER PT S AU Corley, CD Cook, DJ Mikler, AR Singh, KP AF Corley, Courtney D. Cook, Diane J. Mikler, Armin R. Singh, Karan P. BE Arabnia, HR TI Using Web and Social Media for Influenza Surveillance SO ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Health informatics; Disease surveillance; Public health epidemiology; Information retrieval; Social media analytics AB Analysis of Google influenza-like-illness (ILI) search queries has shown a strongly correlated pattern with Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention seasonal ILI reporting data. Web and social media provide another resource to detect increases in ILI. This paper evaluates trends in blog posts that discuss influenza. Our key finding is that from 5th October 2008 to 31st January 2009, a high correlation exists between the frequency of posts, containing influenza keywords, per week and CDC influenza-like-illness surveillance data. C1 [Corley, Courtney D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Corley, CD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM court@pnl.gov NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4419-5912-6 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2010 VL 680 BP 559 EP 564 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-5913-3_61 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-5913-3 PG 6 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BRL22 UT WOS:000283006100061 PM 20865540 ER PT S AU Shah, AR Adkins, JN Baxter, DJ Cannon, WR Chavarria-Miranda, DG Choudhury, S Gorton, I Gracio, DK Halter, TD Jaitly, ND Johnson, JR Kouzes, RT Macduff, MC Marquez, A Monroe, ME Oehmen, CS Pike, WA Scherrer, C Villa, O Webb-Robertson, BJ Whitney, PD Zuljevic, N AF Shah, Anuj R. Adkins, Joshua N. Baxter, Douglas J. Cannon, William R. Chavarria-Miranda, Daniel G. Choudhury, Sutanay Gorton, Ian Gracio, Deborah K. Halter, Todd D. Jaitly, Navdeep D. Johnson, John R. Kouzes, Richard T. Macduff, Matthew C. Marquez, Andres Monroe, Matthew E. Oehmen, Christopher S. Pike, William A. Scherrer, Chad Villa, Oreste Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo Whitney, Paul D. Zuljevic, Nino BE Zelkowitz, MV TI Applications in Data-Intensive Computing SO ADVANCES IN COMPUTERS, VOL 79 SE Advances In Computers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTRA; PROTEOMIC BIOMARKER DISCOVERY; OCEAN SAMPLING EXPEDITION; ACCURATE MASS; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; PEPTIDE IDENTIFICATION; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; SPECTROMETRY DATA; OVARIAN-CANCER; SYSTEM AB The total quantity of digital information in the world is growing at an alarming rate. Scientists and engineers are contributing heavily to this data "tsunami" by gathering data using computing and instrumentation at incredible rates. As data volumes and complexity grow, it is increasingly arduous to extract valuable information from the data and derive knowledge from that data. Addressing these demands of ever-growing data volumes and complexity requires game-changing advances in software, hardware, and algorithms. Solution technologies also must scale to handle the increased data collection and processing rates and simultaneously accelerate timely and effective analysis results. This need for ever faster data processing and manipulation as well as algorithms that scale to high-volume data sets have given birth to a new paradigm or discipline known as "data-intensive computing." In this chapter, we define data-intensive computing, identify the challenges of massive data, outline solutions for hardware, software, and analytics, and discuss a number of applications in the areas of biology, cyber security, and atmospheric research. C1 [Shah, Anuj R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sci Data Management Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Oehmen, Christopher S.; Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Computat Biol & Bioinformat Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Chavarria-Miranda, Daniel G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, DOE ASCR Ctr Scalable Parallel Programming Models, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Shah, Anuj R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Data Intens Comp Initiat, Directed Res & Dev Project, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Jaitly, Navdeep D.] IBM Toronto Labs, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Jaitly, Navdeep D.] Caprion Pharmaceut, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Johnson, John R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Def & Special Programs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Johnson, John R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Kouzes, Richard T.; Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Villa, Oreste] Pacific NW Natl Lab, HPC Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Shah, AR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sci Data Management Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ian.gorton@pnl.gov; Debbie.gracio@pnl.gov; rkouzes@pnl.gov; andres.marquez@pnl.gov RI Gorton, Ian/A-8247-2009; Adkins, Joshua/B-9881-2013; Cannon, William/K-8411-2014 OI Adkins, Joshua/0000-0003-0399-0700; Cannon, William/0000-0003-3789-7889 NR 141 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2458 BN 978-0-12-381027-4 J9 ADV COMPUT JI Adv. Comput. PY 2010 VL 79 BP 1 EP 70 DI 10.1016/S0065-2458(10)79001-X PG 70 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BOE96 UT WOS:000276405000001 ER PT J AU Egami, T Fine, BV Parshall, D Subedi, A Singh, DJ AF Egami, T. Fine, B. V. Parshall, D. Subedi, A. Singh, D. J. TI Spin-Lattice Coupling and Superconductivity in Fe Pnictides SO ADVANCES IN CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CHROMIUM; LIFEAS AB We consider strong spin-lattice and spin-phonon coupling in iron pnictides and discuss its implications on superconductivity. Strong magneto-volume effect in iron compounds has long been known as the Invar effect. Fe pnictides also exhibit this effect, reflected in particular on the dependence of the magnetic moment on the atomic volume of Fe defined by the positions of the nearest neighbor atoms. Through the phenomenological Landau theory, developed on the basis of the calculations by the density functional theory (DFT) and the experimental results, we quantify the strength of the spin-lattice interaction as it relates to the Stoner criterion for the onset of magnetism. We suggest that the coupling between electrons and phonons through the spin channel may be sufficiently strong to be an important part of the superconductivity mechanism in Fe pnictides. C1 [Egami, T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Joint Inst Neutron Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Egami, T.; Parshall, D.; Subedi, A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Egami, T.; Singh, D. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Fine, B. V.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Egami, T (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Joint Inst Neutron Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM egami@utk.edu RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 FU Department of Energy, Office of Basic Sciences through EPSCoR [DE-FG02-08ER46528]; Scientific User Facilities Division; Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Department of Energy FX The authors are grateful to I. I. Mazin, T. Yildirim, A. Bussman-Holder, N. Mannella, M. Tachiki, P. Dai, and D. J. Scalapino for stimulating and useful discussions. This work was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Sciences, through the EPSCoR Grant, DE-FG02-08ER46528. The work at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory was supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division and by the Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Department of Energy. NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 17 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-8108 J9 ADV COND MATTER PHYS JI Adv. Condens. Matter Phys. PY 2010 AR 164916 DI 10.1155/2010/164916 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 808ZN UT WOS:000294020600001 ER PT J AU Garcia, DR Lanzara, A AF Garcia, D. R. Lanzara, A. TI Through a Lattice Darkly: Shedding Light on Electron-Phonon Coupling in the High T-c Cuprates SO ADVANCES IN CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; NODAL QUASI-PARTICLES; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SPIN DYNAMICS; MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; NORMAL-STATE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; LA1.85SR0.15CUO4; YBA2CU3O6+X; ABSORPTION AB With its central role in conventional BCS superconductivity, electron-phonon coupling appears to play a more subtle role in the phase diagram of the high-temperature superconducting cuprates. Their added complexity due to potentially numerous competing phases, including charge, spin, orbital, and lattice ordering, makes teasing out any unique phenomena challenging. In this review, we present our work using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) exploring the role of the lattice on the valence band electronic structure of the cuprates. We introduce the ARPES technique and its unique ability to the probe the effect of bosonic renormalization (or "kink") on near-E-F band structure. Our survey begins with the establishment of the ubiquitous nodal cuprate kink leading to how isotope substitution has shed a critical new perspective on the role and strength of electron-phonon coupling. We continue with recently published work connecting the phonon dispersion seen with inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) to the location of the kink observed by ARPES near the nodal point. Finally, we present very recent and ongoing ARPES work examining how induced strain through chemical pressure provides a potentially promising avenue for understanding the broader role of the lattice to the superconducting phase and larger cuprate phase diagram. C1 [Garcia, D. R.; Lanzara, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lanzara, A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lanzara, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alanzara@lbl.gov FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors first would like to acknowledge all the members of the group who have greatly contributed to this work: Gey Hong Gweon, Shuyun Zhou, Jeff Graf, and Chris Jozwiak. They also would like to acknowledge many useful scientific discussions with Dung-Hai Lee, Z. Hussain, K. A. Muller, A. Bianconi, T. Sasagawa, and H. Takagi. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 72 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 22 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-8108 J9 ADV COND MATTER PHYS JI Adv. Condens. Matter Phys. PY 2010 AR 807412 DI 10.1155/2010/807412 PG 23 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 808ZD UT WOS:000294019600001 ER PT J AU Johnston, S Lee, WS Chen, Y Nowadnick, EA Moritz, B Shen, ZX Devereaux, TP AF Johnston, S. Lee, W. S. Chen, Y. Nowadnick, E. A. Moritz, B. Shen, Z. -X. Devereaux, T. P. TI Material and Doping Dependence of the Nodal and Antinodal Dispersion Renormalizations in Single- and Multilayer Cuprates SO ADVANCES IN CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ELECTRON-PHONON INTERACTION; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; QUASI-PARTICLE; HIGH-PRESSURE; LINE-SHAPE AB We present a review of bosonic renormalization effects on electronic carriers observed from angle-resolved photoemission spectra in the cuprates. Specifically, we discuss the viewpoint that these renormalizations represent coupling of the electrons to the lattice and review how materials dependence, such as the number of CuO(2) layers, and doping dependence can be understood straightforwardly in terms of several aspects of electron-phonon coupling in layered correlated materials. C1 [Johnston, S.; Lee, W. S.; Chen, Y.; Nowadnick, E. A.; Moritz, B.; Shen, Z. -X.; Devereaux, T. P.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Inst Mat & Energy Sci, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Johnston, S.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Lee, W. S.; Shen, Z. -X.; Devereaux, T. P.] Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Chen, Y.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nowadnick, E. A.; Shen, Z. -X.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Moritz, B.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Shen, Z. -X.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Devereaux, TP (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Inst Mat & Energy Sci, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM tpd@stanford.edu RI Chen, Yulin/C-1918-2012; Moritz, Brian/D-7505-2015; Johnston, Steven/J-7777-2016 OI Moritz, Brian/0000-0002-3747-8484; FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science [DE-AC02-76SF00515]; Office of Science of the U S Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSERC; SHARCNET FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science under contract no. DE-AC02-76SF00515. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL), a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U S Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. S. Johnston and T P Devereaux would like to acknowledge support from NSERC and SHARCNET. NR 81 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-8108 J9 ADV COND MATTER PHYS JI Adv. Condens. Matter Phys. PY 2010 AR 968304 DI 10.1155/2010/968304 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 809AR UT WOS:000294023600001 ER PT S AU Polizos, G Tuncer, E Sauers, I James, DR Ellis, AR More, KL AF Polizos, G. Tuncer, E. Sauers, I. James, D. R. Ellis, A. R. More, K. L. BE Balachandran, U TI ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLE FILLED EPOXY RESIN COMPOSITES SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING (MATERIALS), VOL 56: TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE nanocomposites; nanodielectrics; epoxy resin; titanium dioxide; electrical breakdown; mechanical strength ID NANOCOMPOSITES AB Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized in an aqueous solution. They were dispersed into an epoxy polymer matrix (commercially available under the trade name Araldite 5808) using a planetary mixer. Nanocomposite materials were prepared with several weight loadings of nanoparticles In this work we Investigate the effects of the particle agglomeration on the mechanical and electrical properties of the composites. The structure of the composites was probed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For investigating the mechanical properties, a dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA) was employed. The dielectric breakdown strength and the impedance response were also measured in order to characterize the insulating properties of the nanocomposites and their potential use in high voltage applications. C1 [Polizos, G.; Tuncer, E.; Sauers, I.; James, D. R.; Ellis, A. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Appl Superconduct Grp, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [More, K. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Microscopy Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Polizos, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Appl Superconduct Grp, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI More, Karren/A-8097-2016; OI More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097; Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 FU U.S. Department of Energy - Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability; Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Scientific User Facilities Division; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy FX Research sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy - Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) research performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1219 BP 41 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3402331 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQB51 UT WOS:000280573400006 ER PT S AU Tuncer, E Polizos, G James, DR Sauers, I Ellis, AR More, KL AF Tuncer, Enis Polizos, Georgios James, D. Randy Sauers, Isidor Ellis, Alvin R. More, Karren L. BE Balachandran, U TI DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING (MATERIALS), VOL 56: TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Electrical insulation materials; dielectrics; nanocomposites; nanodielectrics ID NANODIELECTRICS AB Composite materials based on polymers are used in various engineering applications due to their ability to be tailored for a specific application. As a result a composite could be selected or designed for a high performance part such as field grading applications in high voltage technology. Presently, there exists no commercially available material for electric field control. For this reason in this study we characterize a polymeric system composed of a thermoplast polymer filled with nanometer size ceramic particles. Since it is hard to tailor or to predict properties of composites theoretically, an Edisonian approach is employed. Composites with different filler weight concentrations are prepared and their dielectric performance are characterized. Impedance spectroscopy technique at a constant frequency is used to determine the dielectric properties of the composites at low temperatures. Measurement results and potential applications of the composite systems are presented. C1 [Tuncer, Enis; Polizos, Georgios; James, D. Randy; Sauers, Isidor; Ellis, Alvin R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Appl Superconduct Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [More, Karren L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Microscopy Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tuncer, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Appl Superconduct Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI More, Karren/A-8097-2016; OI More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097; Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 FU U.S. Department of Energy - Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability; Superconductivity Program for Electric Power System [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX Research sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy - Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1219 BP 63 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3402334 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQB51 UT WOS:000280573400009 ER PT S AU Sauers, I Tuncer, E Polizos, G James, DR Ellis, AR Pace, MO AF Sauers, I. Tuncer, E. Polizos, G. James, D. R. Ellis, A. R. Pace, M. O. BE Balachandran, U TI VERY LOW FREQUENCY BREAKDOWN PROPERTIES OF ELECTRICAL INSULATION MATERIALS AT CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING (MATERIALS), VOL 56: TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Ctrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Very low frequency; VLF; high voltage breakdown; dc; liquid nitrogen; cryogenic dielectric ID TRIAXIAL HTS CABLE; VOLTAGE AB For long cables or equipment with large capacitance it is not always possible to conduct high voltage withstand tests at 60 Hz due to limitations in charging currents of the power supply. Very low frequency (typically at a frequency of 0 1 Hz) has been used for conventional cables as a way of getting around the charging current limitation For superconducting grid applications the same issues apply. However there is very little data at cryogenic temperatures on how materials perform at low frequency compared to 60 Hz and whether higher voltages should be applied when performing a high voltage acceptability test. Various materials including G 10 (fiberglass reinforced plastic or FRP), Cryoflex (TM) (a tape insulation used in some high temperature superconducting cables), kapton (commonly used polyimide), polycarbonate, and polyetherimide, and in liquid nitrogen alone have been tested using a step method for frequencies of 60 Hz, 0.1 Hz, and dc The dwell time at each step was chosen so that the aging factor would be the same in both the 60 Hz and 0 I Hz tests. The data indicated that, while there is a small frequency dependence for liquid nitrogen, there are significant differences for the solid materials studied. Breakdown data for these materials and for model cables will be shown and discussed. C1 [Sauers, I.; Tuncer, E.; Polizos, G.; James, D. R.; Ellis, A. R.; Pace, M. O.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Appl Superconduct Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sauers, I (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Appl Superconduct Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1219 BP 68 EP 74 DI 10.1063/1.3402335 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQB51 UT WOS:000280573400010 ER PT S AU Wang, G Yefremenko, V Novosad, V Datesman, A Pearson, J Shustakova, G Divan, R Chang, C McMahon, J Bleem, L Crites, AT Downes, T Mehl, J Meyer, SS Carlstrom, JE AF Wang, G. Yefremenko, V. Novosad, V. Datesman, A. Pearson, J. Shustakova, G. Divan, R. Chang, C. McMahon, J. Bleem, L. Crites, A. T. Downes, T. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Carlstrom, J. E. BE Balachandran, U TI THERMAL PROPERTIES OF SILICON NITRIDE BEAMS BELOW 1 KELVIN SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING (MATERIALS), VOL 56: TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Ctrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Phonon mean free path; heat capacity; thermal conductivity ID HEAT; CONDUCTIVITY; SCATTERING; SOLIDS AB We have investigated the thermal transport of long, narrow beams of silicon nitride at cryogenic temperatures. Simultaneously employing a superconducting Transition Edge Sensor (TES) as both a heater and a sensor, we measured the thermal conductance of 1 mu m thick silicon nitride beams of different lateral dimensions. Based upon these measurements, we calculate the thermal parameters of the beams. We utilize a boundary limited phonon scattering model and assume the phonon mean free path to be temperature independent in the calculation In the temperature range from 300 mK to 530 mK, the following results are obtained for 20 (30) mu m beams, the volume heat capacity is 0.083T+0.509T(3) J/m(3)-K, the width dependent phonon mean free path is 9.60 (11 05) mu m, and the width dependent thermal conductivity is 5.60x10(-3)T+3.41x10(-2)T(3) (6.50x10(-3)T+3.93x10(-2)T(3)) W/m-K. C1 [Wang, G.; Yefremenko, V.; Novosad, V.; Datesman, A.; Pearson, J.; Shustakova, G.; Bleem, L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RI Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1219 BP 75 EP 82 DI 10.1063/1.3402336 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQB51 UT WOS:000280573400011 ER PT S AU Martovetsky, NN Mann, TL Miller, JR Freudenberg, KD Reed, RP Walsh, RP McColskey, JD Evans, D AF Martovetsky, N. N. Mann, T. L. Miller, J. R. Freudenberg, K. D. Reed, R. P. Walsh, R. P. McColskey, J. D. Evans, D. BE Balachandran, U TI ITER CENTRAL SOLENOID COIL INSULATION QUALIFICATION SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING (MATERIALS), VOL 56: TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE High voltage insulation; cyclic load; voltage breakdown; elastic module AB An insulation system for ITER Central Solenoid must have sufficiently high electrical and structural strength. Design efforts to bring stresses in the turn and layer insulation within allowables failed. It turned out to be impossible to eliminate high local tensile stresses in the winding pack. When high local stresses can not be designed out, the qualification procedure requires verification of the acceptable structural and electrical strength by testing. We built two 4x4 arrays of the conductor jacket with two options of the CS insulation and subjected the arrays to 1.2 million compressive cycles at 60 MPa and at 76 K. Such conditions simulated stresses in the CS insulation. We performed voltage withstand tests and after end of cycling we measured the breakdown voltages between in the arrays. After that we dissectioned the arrays and studied micro cracks in the insulation. We report details of the specimens' preparation, test procedures and test results. C1 [Martovetsky, N. N.; Mann, T. L.; Miller, J. R.; Freudenberg, K. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US ITER Project Off, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Martovetsky, N. N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Reed, R. P.] Cryogenic Mat Inc, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Walsh, R. P.] Natl High Magnet Field lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [McColskey, J. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Evans, D.] Adv Cryogen Mat, Abingdon OX14 2HQ, Oxon, England. RP Martovetsky, NN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US ITER Project Off, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy by Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Oak Ridge National Laboratory under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 and by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1219 BP 135 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3402294 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQB51 UT WOS:000280573400018 ER PT S AU Barzi, E Andreev, N Bossert, M Kashikhin, VV Turrioni, D Yamada, R Zlobin, AV AF Barzi, E. Andreev, N. Bossert, M. Kashikhin, V. V. Turrioni, D. Yamada, R. Zlobin, A. V. BE Balachandran, U TI DEVELOPMENT AND STUDY OF NB(3)SN STRANDS AND CABLES FOR HIGH-FIELD ACCELERATOR MAGNETS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING (MATERIALS), VOL 56: TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Ctrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Rutherford cable; subelement merging; Nb(3)Sn; magnetic stability ID RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; PERFORMANCE; FERMILAB AB The high performance Nb(3)Sn strand produced by Oxford Superconducting Technology (OST) with the Restack Rod Process (RRP) and a 127 restack design is the baseline conductor presently used in the Fermi lab's accelerator magnet R&D program The original RRP-127 design was further improved in stability by increasing the Cu thickness between subelements after proving the effectiveness of this method in reducing subelement merging [1-3]. A number of RRP-127 billets of various cross sections (RRP-102/127, RRP-108/127 and RRP-114/127) were produced to optimize the design with respect to strand plastic deformation during cabling The behavior of these new strands was studied using virgin and deformed strand samples, and compared with that of the RRP-54/61 stack design. A Rutherford cable made of 0.7 mm strands was also produced to be used in high field quadrupoles. This paper describes the RRP-127 strand development, and results of strand and cable analyses. C1 [Barzi, E.; Andreev, N.; Bossert, M.; Kashikhin, V. V.; Turrioni, D.; Yamada, R.; Zlobin, A. V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Barzi, E (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1219 BP 183 EP 190 DI 10.1063/1.3402300 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQB51 UT WOS:000280573400023 ER PT S AU Collings, EW Sumption, MD Susner, MA Dietderich, DR Barzi, E Zlobin, AV Nijhuis, A AF Collings, E. W. Sumption, M. D. Susner, M. A. Dietderich, D. R. Barzi, E. Zlobin, A. V. Nijhuis, A. BE Balachandran, U TI COUPLING-CURRENT AND PERSISTENT-CURRENT MAGNETIZATIONS IN Nb3Sn RUTHERFORD CABLES AND STRANDS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING (MATERIALS), VOL 56: TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Nb3Sn; Rutherford cable; strand; coupling current; interstrand contact resistance; uniaxial pressure; persistent current; magnetization ID CONTACT RESISTANCE; AC LOSS; CORE AB Calorimetric and magnetic measurements of AC loss in Nb3Sn Rutherford cables were accompanied by magnetic measurements of persistent-current (hysteretic) loss in strands extracted from those cables. From the cable-loss measurements it is shown that the introduction of a stainless steel core increases the effective interstrand contact resistance (ICR), initially 0.3 mu Omega, by more than two orders of magnitude. Uniaxial pressure applied to the cable during winding and subsequently, seemingly by reducing side-by-side contact, increased the ICR. In an edge-on applied AC field the persistent-current cable loss was fully accounted for in terms of the individual-strand loss. The persistent-current loss measured for the cable in a face-on applied field was higher that that in an edge-on applied field, this may have been due to demagnetization effects. C1 [Collings, E. W.; Sumption, M. D.; Susner, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, CSMM, MSE Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Dietderich, D. R.] LBNL, Superconducting Magnet Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Barzi, E.; Zlobin, A. V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Nijhuis, A.] Univ Twente, Fac Appl Phys, Low Temp Div, Enschede, Netherlands. RP Collings, EW (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, CSMM, MSE Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Susner, Michael/B-1666-2013; Susner, Michael/G-3275-2015; Sumption, Mike/N-5913-2016 OI Susner, Michael/0000-0002-1211-8749; Susner, Michael/0000-0002-1211-8749; Sumption, Mike/0000-0002-4243-8380 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-95ER40900] FX The cables were wound at LBNL by H.V. Higley. Initial compaction and heat treatment of the CSMM-mounted cable packs were performed at FNAL courtesy of E. Barzi, with the assistance of B. Bianchi. Further compaction prior to impregnation was performed at OSU by L. Barnhart and R. Baldwin. J. Yue, Hyper Tech Research Ltd, performed the vacuum impregnation with CTD-101 resin and curing of the cable packs. Scanning electron microscopy and related measurements were performed on cable segments by X. Peng, Hyper Tech Research Ltd. The U.S. Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics, funded the research at LBNL, FNAL, and CSMM, in the latter case under DE-FG02-95ER40900. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1219 BP 191 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3402301 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQB51 UT WOS:000280573400024 ER PT S AU Coulter, JY Ugurlu, O Willis, JO Holesinger, TG Xie, YY AF Coulter, J. Y. Ugurlu, O. Willis, J. O. Holesinger, T. G. Xie, Y-Y. BE Balachandran, U TI IDENTIFYING AND INVESTIGATING J(c) VARIATIONS IN COATED CONDUCTORS FABRICATED BY MOCVD/IBAD SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING (MATERIALS), VOL 56: TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Y-based cuprates; coated conductors; high-T-c films; critical currents; magnetic field anisotropy; long length characterization AB A single-pass position dependent critical current l measurement is described that characterizes the pinning properties of long coated conductor tapes using magnetic fields applied bi-axially to the conductor. By this method, a 10 meter long MOCVD / IBAD conductor is shown to exhibit position-dependent variations in the I-c(H parallel to ab)/Ic(H parallel to c) ratio resulting from underlying variations in the microstructure. Regions with these variations were investigated nondestructively using angular anisotropy and c-axis magnetic field measurements at 75 K Results from analytical microscopy confirmed the presence of variations in rare earth oxide precipitate concentrations as a function of position that are attributed to be the cause of the pinning variations C1 [Coulter, J. Y.; Ugurlu, O.; Willis, J. O.; Holesinger, T. G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Xie, Y-Y.] SuperPower Inc, Schenectady, NY 12304 USA. RP Coulter, JY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy as part of Superconductivity for Electric Systems Program FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability as part of the Superconductivity for Electric Systems Program. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1219 BP 347 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3402322 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQB51 UT WOS:000280573400043 ER PT S AU Duckworth, RC Zhang, Y Gouge, MJ Rey, CM van der Laan, DC Clickner, C AF Duckworth, R. C. Zhang, Y. Gouge, M. J. Rey, C. M. van der Laan, D. C. Clickner, C. BE Balachandran, U TI VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION AND MECHANICAL STRENGTH IN SPLICE JOINTS MADE FROM AS-MANUFACTURED YBCO COATED CONDUCTORS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING (MATERIALS), VOL 56: TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE - ICMC SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Splice joints; voltage distribution; YBCO coated conductors AB With recommendations from wire manufacturers as a starting point, a series of solder joints were fabricated and characterized to determine the best method for producing repeatable, low-resistance and high-mechanical-strength splices in as-manufactured, stabilized YBCO coated conductors. From the 2.54 cm long splice joints that were fabricated, parameters such as solder material, stabilization material, fabrication method, and conductor geometry were varied to determine the impact of each on the properties of splice joints. Results indicate that the splice joints of lowest resistance were influenced primarily by the tape orientation in the joint and the stabilization material The lowest resistances were between 2 x 10(-8) Omega and 1.0 x 10(-7) in 4-mm wide tapes and were obtained from pure copper-stabilized tapes oriented with the YBCO layers in closest proximity. The voltage drop along the splice length indicated that only a fraction of the splice length contributes to the splice joint resistance. Mechanical characterization of splice joints showed that the joint resistance remained unchanged under axial stress up to a stress level at which the critical current of the tapes forming the joint degrades irreversibly. C1 [Duckworth, R. C.; Zhang, Y.; Gouge, M. J.; Rey, C. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, Y.; van der Laan, D. C.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [van der Laan, D. C.; Clickner, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Duckworth, RC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI van der Laan, Danko/L-5098-2016 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, LLC [DE-AI05-98OR22652]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC and under contract DE-AI05-98OR22652 with National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1219 BP 370 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3402325 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQB51 UT WOS:000280573400046 ER PT S AU Rabehl, R Carcagno, R Huang, Y Norris, B Sylvester, C AF Rabehl, R. Carcagno, R. Huang, Y. Norris, B. Sylvester, C. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI CRYOGENIC INFRASTRUCTURE UPGRADE OF THE FERMILAB MAGNET AND VERTICAL CAVITY TEST FACILITIES SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Test facilities; SRF cavity testing; magnet testing AB The Fermi lab Magnet Test Facility (MTF) and the Vertical Cavity Test Facility (VCTF), both located in Industrial Building 1 and serviced by a shared cryogenic infrastructure, provide cryogenic testing of superconducting magnets and superconducting radio-frequency cavities in support of programs such as the Tevatron, US-LHC, LARP, HINS, Project X, and the ILC. While MTF must continue to support a robust magnet test program, VCTF is expected to increase its cavity test throughput by a factor of five, reaching 250 cavity test cycles per year as cavity production ramps up. A cryogenic infrastructure upgrade program has been undertaken in preparation for meeting the challenge of this additional cavity test throughput. The cryogenic infrastructure improvements include dedicated ambient temperature vacuum pumps, a helium compressor, purification skids, and additional helium gas storage. This paper will elaborate on the goals of the upgrade program, the selected equipment, and foreseen integration and operations plans and issues. C1 [Rabehl, R.; Carcagno, R.; Huang, Y.; Norris, B.; Sylvester, C.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Rabehl, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 18 EP 25 DI 10.1063/1.3422353 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800003 ER PT S AU Rode, CH AF Rode, C. H. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI JEFFERSON LAB 12 GEV CEBAF UPGRADE SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Cryogenic; superconducting; radiofrequency; cryomodules; magnets AB The existing continuous electron beam accelerator facility (CEBAF) at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF) is a 5-pass, recirculating cw electron Linac operating at similar to 6 GeV and is devoted to basic research in nuclear physics. The 12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade is a $310M project, sponsored by the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Physics, that will expand its research capabilities substantially by doubling the maximum energy and adding major new experimental apparatus. The project received construction approval in September 2008 and has started the major procurement process. The cryogenic aspects of the 12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade includes: doubling the accelerating voltages of the Linacs by adding ten new high-performance, superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cryomodules (CMs) to the existing 42 1/4 cryomodules; doubling of the 2 K cryogenics plant; and the addition of eight superconducting magnets. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Rode, CH (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 26 EP 33 DI 10.1063/1.3422362 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800004 ER PT S AU Knudsen, P Ganni, V Yuksek, E Creel, J AF Knudsen, P. Ganni, V. Yuksek, E. Creel, J. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI REFRIGERATION RECOVERY FOR EXPERIMENT HALL HIGH TARGET LOADS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE helium; refrigerator; recovery; target AB The Qweak experiment at Jefferson Lab (JLab) is a 3000 W hydrogen target scheduled for the summer of 2010 and running for two years until the planned shut-down for 12GeV. The End Station Refrigerator (ESR) supports the three experiment halls, two of which may normally have a hydrogen target. The refrigerator for the ESR is a CTI/Helix 1500 W 4.5-K refrigerator nominally capable of supporting a 1250 W target load at 12 bar and 15-K (plus 1100 W of 4.5-K refrigeration). As such, this refrigerator is not capable of supporting the Qweak experiment target load in its present condition. Additionally, since the installation of an ambient air vaporizer for a single use, two week run duration of a high target load in the summer of 2003 there has been a consistent usage of the Central Helium Liquefier's (CHL's) 3 bar 4.5-K helium, supplied via an existing transfer-line to the ESR, for other high target loads. By the fall of 2004, it was apparent that this continued use of CHL's supercritical helium was routinely being sought by the hall experimenters. As such, a method of refrigeration recovery was proposed to reduce the support required of CHL for these high target loads, including the anticipated Qweak experiment, while utilizing the recovered CHL refrigeration from the target to increase ESR's 12 bar 15-K capacity. C1 [Knudsen, P.; Ganni, V.; Yuksek, E.; Creel, J.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Knudsen, P (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 201 EP 206 DI 10.1063/1.3422480 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800025 ER PT S AU Homan, J Montz, M Ganni, V Sidi-Yekhlef, A Knudsen, P Creel, J Arenius, D Garcia, S AF Homan, J. Montz, M. Ganni, V. Sidi-Yekhlef, A. Knudsen, P. Creel, J. Arenius, D. Garcia, S. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI THE LIQUID NITROGEN SYSTEM FOR CHAMBER A; A CHANGE FROM ORIGINAL FORCED FLOW DESIGN TO A NATURAL FLOW (THERMO SIPHON) SYSTEM SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE nitrogen; cycles; refrigeration; natural flow; gravity flow; thermo siphon AB NASA at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston is presently working toward modifying the original forced flow liquid nitrogen cooling system for the thermal shield in the space simulation chamber-A in Building 32 to work as a natural flow (thermo siphon) system. Chamber A is 19.8 m (65 ft) in diameter and 35.66 m (117 ft) high. The LN2 shroud environment within the chamber is approximately 17.4 m (57 ft) in diameter and 28 m (92 ft) high. The new thermo siphon system will improve the reliability, stability of the system. Also it will reduce the operating temperature and the liquid nitrogen use to operate the system. This paper will present the requirements for the various operating modes. System level thermodynamic comparisons of the existing system to the various options studied and the final option selected will be outlined. A thermal and hydraulic analysis to validate the selected option for the conversion of the current forced flow to natural flow design will be discussed. The proposed modifications to existing system to convert to natural circulation (thermo siphon) system and the design features to help improve the operations, and maintenance of the system will be presented. C1 [Homan, J.; Montz, M.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Ganni, V.; Sidi-Yekhlef, A.; Knudsen, P.; Creel, J.; Arenius, D.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Garcia, S.] Jacobs Technol Engn & Sci ESCG, JSC, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Homan, J (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 207 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422355 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800026 ER PT S AU Knudsen, P Ganni, V AF Knudsen, P. Ganni, V. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI HELIUM REFRIGERATOR LIQUID NITROGEN PRE-COOLER COMPONENT PARAMETER SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE helium; refrigerator; liquid nitrogen; pre-cooling AB It is not uncommon for helium refrigerators using liquid nitrogen (LN) pre-cooling to exhibit nitrogen usage significantly higher than estimated by the design. Often this is attributed to an underperforming 300 to 80-K helium-nitrogen heat exchanger(s) rather than the 300 to 80-K helium-helium heat exchanger(s), even though the return helium stream(s) exiting the cold box at the warm (ambient) end are significantly colder than the design goals. Furthermore, typically there is an specious emphasis on the size of the 300 to 80-K helium-nitrogen heat exchanger(s) to ensure the exiting nitrogen is as close to ambient temperature as possible, presumably to reduce the LN usage. However, in fact, it is the performance resulting from the size and the flow distribution of the 300 to 80-K helium-helium heat exchangers which has the prevalent influence on the nitrogen consumption. This paper examines the sensitivity of the key parameters in the design and operation of a refrigerator LN pre-cooler section affecting the LN consumption. C1 [Knudsen, P.; Ganni, V.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Knudsen, P (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1063/1.3422356 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800027 ER PT S AU Lombardo, V Barzi, E Norcia, G Lamm, M Turrioni, D Van Raes, T Zlobin, AV AF Lombardo, V. Barzi, E. Norcia, G. Lamm, M. Turrioni, D. Van Raes, T. Zlobin, A. V. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI STUDY OF HTS INSERT COILS FOR HIGH FIELD SOLENOIDS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE High temperature superconductors; BSCCO-2223; YBCO; angular measurements; bending tests; pancake coils; muon collider AB Fermilab is currently working on the development of high field magnet systems for ionization cooling of muon beams. The use of high temperature superconducting materials (HTS) is being considered for these solenoids using Helium refrigeration. Several studies have been performed on insert coils made of BSCCO-2223 tapes and second generation (2G) YBCO coated conductors, which are tested at various temperatures and at external fields of up to 14 T. Critical current (I(c)) measurements of YBCO short samples are presented as a function of bending stress, magnetic field and field orientation with respect to the sample surface. An analytical fit of critical current data as a function of field and field orientation is also presented. Results from several single-layer and double-layer pancake coils are also discussed. C1 [Lombardo, V.; Barzi, E.; Norcia, G.; Lamm, M.; Turrioni, D.; Van Raes, T.; Zlobin, A. V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lombardo, V (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 246 EP 253 DI 10.1063/1.3422481 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800031 ER PT S AU Barzi, E Andreev, N Brandt, J Carmignani, C Danuso, M Kashikhin, VV Kashikhin, VS Mintchev, S Mitchell, D Turrioni, D Rusy, A Zlobin, AV AF Barzi, E. Andreev, N. Brandt, J. Carmignani, C. Danuso, M. Kashikhin, V. V. Kashikhin, V. S. Mintchev, S. Mitchell, D. Turrioni, D. Rusy, A. Zlobin, A. V. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI SUPERCONDUCTING TRANSFORMER FOR SUPERCONDUCTING CABLE TESTS IN A MAGNETIC FIELD SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Rutherford cable; superconducting transformer; primary; secondary AB To meet the need in the applied superconductivity community of a cable test facility at high magnetic fields, a superconducting current transformer that was designed to deliver about 40 kA of DC current in Rutherford cables was designed and fabricated for operation in a 14T/16T solenoid with 77 mm bore. The existing infrastructure of the Short Sample Test Facility at Fermilab, including a 2000 A power supply for the primary circuit, and a fast data acquisition system, will be used for operating the transformer. Its design, sample holder development and commissioning are described, as well as the expected operational range. C1 [Barzi, E.; Andreev, N.; Brandt, J.; Kashikhin, V. V.; Kashikhin, V. S.; Mitchell, D.; Turrioni, D.; Rusy, A.; Zlobin, A. V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Carmignani, C.] Univ Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. [Danuso, M.; Mintchev, S.] Scuola Super Sant Anna, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. RP Barzi, E (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 421 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422384 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800053 ER PT S AU Demko, JA Duckworth, RC Gouge, MJ Knoll, D AF Demko, J. A. Duckworth, R. C. Gouge, M. J. Knoll, D. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI HEAT TRANSFER EXPERIMENTS AND ANALYSIS OF A SIMULATED HTS CABLE SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Superconducting cables; cryogenics; low temperature equipment AB Long-length high temperature superconducting (HIS) cable projects, over 1 km, are being designed that are cooled by flowing liquid nitrogen. The compact counter-flow cooling arrangement which has the supply and return stream in a single cryostat offers several advantages including smallest space requirement, least heat load, and reduced cost since a return cryostat is not required. One issue in long length HIS cable systems is the magnitude of the heat transfer radially through the cable. It is extremely difficult to instrument an HIS cable in service on the grid with the needed thermometry because of the issues associated with installing thermometers on high voltage components. A 5-meter long test system has been built that simulates a counter-flow cooled, HIS cable using a heated tube to simulate the cable. Measurements of the temperatures in the flow stream and on the tube wall can be made and compared to analysis. These data can be used to benchmark different HIS cable heat transfer and fluid flow analysis approaches. C1 [Demko, J. A.; Duckworth, R. C.; Gouge, M. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Knoll, D.] Ultera A Southwire, Nkt Cables Joints Venture, Carrollton, GA 30119 USA. RP Demko, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy - Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Research sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy - Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. The authors would like to thank Allan Hanson, Steve Hensley and others at Eden Cryogenics for their contributions to the design and fabrication of the test apparatus. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 429 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422386 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800054 ER PT S AU Maguire, J Folts, D Yuan, J Henderson, N Lindsay, D Knoll, D Rey, C Duckworth, R Gouge, M Wolff, Z Kurtz, S AF Maguire, J. Folts, D. Yuan, J. Henderson, N. Lindsay, D. Knoll, D. Rey, C. Duckworth, R. Gouge, M. Wolff, Z. Kurtz, S. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI STATUS AND PROGRESS OF A FAULT CURRENT LIMITING HTS CABLE TO BE INSTALLED IN THE CON EDISON GRID SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Superconducting cable; distribution voltage; and fault current limiting cable AB In the last decade, significant advances in the performance of second generation (2G) high temperature superconducting wire have made it suitable for commercially viable applications such as electric power cables and fault current limiters. Currently, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security is co-funding the design, development and demonstration of an inherently fault current limiting HTS cable under the Hydra project with American Superconductor and Consolidated Edison. The cable will be approximately 300m long and is being designed to carry 96 MVA at a distribution level voltage of 13.8kV. The underground cable will be installed and energized in New York City. The project is led by American Superconductor teamed with Con Edison, Ultera (Southwire and nkt cables joint venture), and Air Liquide. This paper describes the general goals, design criteria, status and progress of the project. Fault current limiting has already been demonstrated in 3 m prototype cables, and test results on a 25 m three-phase cable will be presented. An overview of the concept of a fault current limiting cable and the system advantages of this unique type of cable will be described. C1 [Maguire, J.; Folts, D.; Yuan, J.; Henderson, N.] Amer Superconductor Co, 64 Jackson Rd, Devens, MA 01434 USA. [Lindsay, D.; Knoll, D.] Ultera, Carrollton, GA 30119 USA. [Rey, C.; Duckworth, R.; Gouge, M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wolff, Z.; Kurtz, S.] Conedison, New York, NY 11002 USA. RP Maguire, J (reprint author), Amer Superconductor Co, 64 Jackson Rd, Devens, MA 01434 USA. FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Science and Technology Directorate FX The authors wish to thank the U.S. Department of Homeland Securitys Science and Technology Directorate for their financial support. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 445 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422388 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800056 ER PT S AU Rey, CM Duckworth, RC Demko, JA Ellis, A James, DR Gouge, MJ Tuncer, E AF Rey, C. M. Duckworth, R. C. Demko, J. A. Ellis, A. James, D. R. Gouge, M. J. Tuncer, E. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI TEST RESULTS FOR A 25 METER PROTOTYPE FAULT CURRENT LIMITING HTS CABLE FOR PROJECT HYDRA SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE superconductivity; fault-current; cable AB The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has tested a 25-m long prototype High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) cable with inherent Fault-Current Limiting (FCL) capability at its HTS cable test facility. The HTS-FCL cable and terminations were designed and fabricated by Ultera, which is a joint venture between Southwire and nkt cables. System integration and HTS wire were provided by American Superconductor Corporation who was the overall team leader of the project. The ultimate goal of the 25-m HTS-FCL cable test program was to verify the design and ensure the operational integrity for the eventual installation of a similar to 200-m fully functional HTS-FCL cable in the Consolidated Edison electric grid located in downtown New York City. The 25-m HTS-FCL cable consisted of a three-phase (3-Phi) HTS Triax (TM) design with a cold dielectric between the phases. The HTS-FCL cable had an operational voltage of 13.8 kV phase-to-phase (7967 V phase-to-ground) and an operating current of 4000 A(nns) per phase, which is the highest operating current to date of any HTS cable. The 25-m HTS-FCL cable was subjected to a series of cryogenic and electrical tests. Test results from the 25-m HTS-FCL cable are presented and discussed. C1 [Rey, C. M.; Duckworth, R. C.; Demko, J. A.; Ellis, A.; James, D. R.; Gouge, M. J.; Tuncer, E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rey, CM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 453 EP 460 DI 10.1063/1.3422389 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800057 ER PT S AU Martinez, A Klebaner, AL Theilacker, JC De Graff, BD Leibfritz, J AF Martinez, A. Klebaner, A. L. Theilacker, J. C. De Graff, B. D. Leibfritz, J. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI DESIGN AND TESTING OF THE NEW MUON LAB CRYOGENIC SYSTEM AT FERMILAB SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Test facilities; Superconducting RF; Cryomodule AB Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory is constructing a superconducting 1.3 GHz cryomodule test facility located at the New Muon Lab building. The facility will be used for testing and validating cryomodule designs as well as support systems. For the initial phase of the project, a single Type III plus 1.3 GHz cryomodule will be cooled and tested using a single Tevatron style standalone refrigerator. Subsequent phases involve testing as many as two full RF units consisting of up to six 1.3 GHz cryomodules with the addition of a new cryogenic plant. The cryogenic infrastructure consists of the refrigerator system, cryogenic distribution system as well as an ambient temperature pumping system to achieve 2 K operations with supporting purification systems. A discussion of the available capacity for the various phases versus the proposed heat loads is included as well as commissioning results and testing schedule. This paper describes the plans, status and challenges of this initial phase of the New Muon Lab cryogenic system. C1 [Martinez, A.; Klebaner, A. L.; Theilacker, J. C.; De Graff, B. D.; Leibfritz, J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Martinez, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 488 EP 495 DI 10.1063/1.3422394 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800061 ER PT S AU Kashikhin, VV Bossert, R Chlachidze, G Lamm, M Mokhov, NV Novitski, I Zlobin, AV AF Kashikhin, V. V. Bossert, R. Chlachidze, G. Lamm, M. Mokhov, N. V. Novitski, I. Zlobin, A. V. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI PERFORMANCE OF NB(3)SN QUADRUPOLE MAGNETS UNDER LOCALIZED THERMAL LOAD SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Superconducting magnets; quench margin; thermal analysis; radiation ID TEMPERATURE AB This paper describes the results of design and analyses performed on 120-mm Nb(3)Sn and NbTi quadrupole magnets with parameters relevant for the LHC IR upgrade. A realistic radiation heat load is evaluated in a wide luminosity range and translated into the magnet quench performance. The simulation results are supported by thermal measurements on a 90-mm Nb(3)Sn quadrupole coil. C1 [Kashikhin, V. V.; Bossert, R.; Chlachidze, G.; Lamm, M.; Mokhov, N. V.; Novitski, I.; Zlobin, A. V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kashikhin, VV (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 499 EP 506 DI 10.1063/1.3422395 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800062 ER PT S AU Bossert, R Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Chlachidze, G Kashikhin, VV Lamm, M Nobrega, F Novitski, I Tartaglia, M Yu, M Zlobin, AV AF Bossert, R. Ambrosio, G. Andreev, N. Chlachidze, G. Kashikhin, V. V. Lamm, M. Nobrega, F. Novitski, I. Tartaglia, M. Yu, M. Zlobin, A. V. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI DEVELOPMENT AND TEST OF COLLARING METHODS FOR Nb(3)SN QUADRUPOLE MAGNETS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Collars; Yoke; Dipole-symmetric; Quadrupole-symmetric; Nb(3)Sn coils ID LHC INTERACTION REGIONS; LARP AB Fermi lab is developing Nb(3)Sn quadrupole magnets for the planned upgrade of interaction regions of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Two distinctly different approaches have been employed, one using quadrupole-symmetric and one using dipole-symmetric collar laminations. This paper describes the design features of both collar types, collaring techniques for brittle Nb(3)Sn coils, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches. Results of mechanical analysis for quadrupoles based on dipole-type and quadrupole-type collars are presented. Magnet construction issues and test results are reported. Test results include coil and component strain measurements during construction. Plans for the completion and test of the first dipole-symmetric assembly are described. C1 [Bossert, R.; Ambrosio, G.; Andreev, N.; Chlachidze, G.; Kashikhin, V. V.; Lamm, M.; Nobrega, F.; Novitski, I.; Tartaglia, M.; Yu, M.; Zlobin, A. V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bossert, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 507 EP 514 DI 10.1063/1.3422396 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800063 ER PT S AU Yu, M Andreev, N Chlachidze, G Johnson, RP Kashikhin, VS Kashikhin, VV Lamm, MJ Lopes, ML Makarov, A Tartaglia, M Yonehara, K Zlobin, AV AF Yu, M. Andreev, N. Chlachidze, G. Johnson, R. P. Kashikhin, V. S. Kashikhin, V. V. Lamm, M. J. Lopes, M. L. Makarov, A. Tartaglia, M. Yonehara, K. Zlobin, A. V. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI MECHANICAL ANALYSIS AND TEST RESULTS OF 4-COIL SUPERCONDUCTING HELICAL SOLENOID MODEL SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Superconducting magnet; Muon beam cooling; Helical cooling channel; Four-coil helical solenoid AB Novel configurations of helical superconducting magnets for muon beam 6D phase space cooling channels and demonstration experiments are being designed at Fermilab. Operating as needed for the beam cooling in a cryogenic environment, the helical solenoid generates longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields; meanwhile, large Lorentz forces are produced, so rigid coil support structures need to be designed. A short model of a helical solenoid (HS), consisting of four coils and supporting structures, was designed, built and tested at Fermilab. The magnetic and mechanical designs were analyzed using TOSCA and ANSYS. The supporting structures were fabricated and assembled using SSC NbTi cable. Strain gauges were utilized to monitor the deformation of the structures due to both thermal contraction and Lorentz forces. The superconducting coils were trained during the test. The model should prove the design concept, fabrication technology, and the magnet system performance. C1 [Yu, M.; Andreev, N.; Chlachidze, G.; Kashikhin, V. S.; Kashikhin, V. V.; Lamm, M. J.; Lopes, M. L.; Makarov, A.; Tartaglia, M.; Yonehara, K.; Zlobin, A. V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Johnson, R. P.] Muons Inc, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Yu, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 515 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422397 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800064 ER PT S AU Soyars, W Basti, A Bedeschi, F Budagov, J Foley, M Harms, E Klebaner, A Nagaitsev, S Sabirov, B AF Soyars, W. Basti, A. Bedeschi, F. Budagov, J. Foley, M. Harms, E. Klebaner, A. Nagaitsev, S. Sabirov, B. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI SUPERFLUID HELIUM TESTING OF A STAINLESS STEEL TO TITANIUM PIPING TRANSITION JOINT SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Cryostat, RF cavity; Transition, bimetallic; Leak, superfluid; Testing, superfluid helium AB Stainless steel-to-titanium bimetallic transitions have been fabricated with an explosively bonded joint. This novel joining technique was conducted by the Russian Federal Nuclear Center, working under contract for the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. These bimetallic transitions are being considered for use in future superconducting radio-frequency cavity cryomodule assemblies. This application requires cryogenic testing to demonstrate that this transition joint remains leak-tight when sealing superfluid helium. To simulate a titanium cavity vessel connection to a stainless steel service pipe, bimetallic transition joints were paired together to fabricate piping assemblies. These piping assemblies were then tested in superfluid helium conditions at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory test facilities. The transition joint test program will be described. Fabrication experience and test results will be presented. C1 [Soyars, W.; Foley, M.; Harms, E.; Klebaner, A.; Nagaitsev, S.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Budagov, J.; Sabirov, B.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Basti, A.; Bedeschi, F.] Natl Inst Nucl Phys, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. RP Soyars, W (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. FU Fermi Research Alliance, LLC [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 601 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422408 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800074 ER PT S AU DeGraff, BD Bossert, RJ Pei, L Soyars, WM AF DeGraff, B. D. Bossert, R. J. Pei, L. Soyars, W. M. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI MEASUREMENTS OF SCRF CAVITY DYNAMIC HEAT LOAD IN HORIZONTAL TEST SYSYTEM SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Superconducting RF; Flowmeter; Dynamic Heat Loads; Test Facilities AB The Horizontal Test System (HIS) at Fermi lab is currently testing fully assembled, dressed superconducting radio frequency (SCRF) cavities. These cavities are cooled in a bath of superfluid helium at 1.8K. Dissipated RF power from the cavities is a dynamic heat load on the cryogenic system. The magnitude of heat flux from these cavities into the helium is also an important variable for understanding cavity performance. Methods and hardware used to measure this dynamic heat load are presented. Results are presented from several cavity tests and testing accuracy is discussed. C1 [DeGraff, B. D.; Bossert, R. J.; Pei, L.; Soyars, W. M.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP DeGraff, BD (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 609 EP 614 DI 10.1063/1.3422409 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800075 ER PT S AU Green, MA AF Green, M. A. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI RE-CONDENSATION AND LIQUEFACTION OF HELIUM AND HYDROGEN USING COOLERS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Coolers; Re-condensation; Liquefaction ID MAGNET; LEADS AB Coolers are used to cool cryogen free devices at temperatures from 5 to 30 K. Cryogen free cooling involves a temperature drop within the device being cooled and between the device and the cooler cold heads. Liquid cooling with a liquid cryogen distributed over the surface of a device combined with re-condensation can result in a much lower temperature drop between the cooler and the device being cooled. The next logical step beyond simple re-condensation is using a cooler to liquefy the liquid cryogen in the device. A number of tests of helium liquefaction and re-condensation of helium have been run using a pulse tube cooler in the drop-in mode. This report discusses the parameter space over which re-condensation and liquefaction for helium and hydrogen can occur. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 703 EP 710 DI 10.1063/1.3422421 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800086 ER PT S AU Schwenterly, SW Zhang, Y Pleva, EF Rufer, M AF Schwenterly, S. W. Zhang, Y. Pleva, E. F. Rufer, M. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI VACUUM STUDIES OF A PROTOTYPE COMPOSITE COIL DEWAR FOR HTSC TRANSFORMERS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Cryogenic tanks; thermal insulation; composites; multilayer insulation; heat transfer; vacuum; liquid nitrogen boiloff ID KVA SUPERCONDUCTING TRANSFORMER; POWER TRANSFORMER; WINDINGS; TESTS AB Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is collaborating with Waukesha Electric Systems (WES) to develop a high-temperature superconducting (HTSC) utility power transformer with primary and secondary coils cooled by liquid nitrogen. Since the vacuum-insulated cryogenic coil dewar surrounds the magnetic core limb and cannot form a shorted turn, non-conductive materials are required. Two test vessels and a small prototype dewar have been fabricated by Scorpius Space Launch Company with epoxy/fiberglass composites, using their proprietary PRESSURMAXX vessel technology. The effects of pumping time, bakeout temperature, and cryogenic vessel temperature on vacuum outgassing rates have been investigated. Outgassing rates of the individual materials used in vessel construction have also been measured. The results will be scaled up to determine the required pumping capacity for a full-size 25-MVA commercial transformer dewar. C1 [Schwenterly, S. W.; Zhang, Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Pleva, E. F.] Waukesha Elect Syst, Waukesha, WI 53186 USA. [Rufer, M.] Scorpius Space Launch Co, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA. RP Schwenterly, SW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC FX Research sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems, under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. The authors gratefully acknowledge the help of Dr. R.C. Duckworth in performing the materials outgassing measurements. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 764 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422428 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800093 ER PT S AU Johnson, WL Demko, JA Fesmire, JE AF Johnson, W. L. Demko, J. A. Fesmire, J. E. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI ANALYSIS AND TESTING OF MULTILAYER AND AEROGEL INSULATION CONFIGURATIONS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Multilayer insulation; aerogel; composite insulation materials AB Multilayer insulation systems that have robust operational characteristics have long been a goal of many research projects. Such thermal insulation systems may need to offer some degree of structural support and/or mechanical integrity during loss of vacuum scenarios while continuing to provide insulative value to the vessel. Aerogel-based composite blankets can be the best insulation materials in ambient pressure environments; in high vacuum, the thermal performance of aerogel improves by about one order of magnitude. Standard multilayer insulation (MU) is typically 50% worse at ambient pressure and at soft vacuum, but as much as two or three orders of magnitude better at high vacuum. Different combinations of aerogel blanket and multilayer insulation materials have been tested at the Cryogenics Test Laboratory of NASA Kennedy Space Center. Analysis performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory showed an importance to the relative location of the MU I and aerogel blankets. Apparent thermal conductivity testing under cryogenic-vacuum conditions was performed to verify the analytical conclusion. Tests results are shown to be in agreement with the analysis which indicated that the best performance is obtained with aerogel layers located in the middle of the blanket insulation system. C1 [Johnson, W. L.; Fesmire, J. E.] NASA, KT E, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32780 USA. [Demko, J. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 20775 USA. RP Johnson, WL (reprint author), NASA, KT E, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32780 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 780 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422431 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800095 ER PT S AU White, S Demko, J Tomich, A AF White, S. Demko, J. Tomich, A. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI FLEXIBLE AEROGEL AS A SUPERIOR THERMAL INSULATION FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR CABLE APPLICATIONS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Aerogel; cryogenic thermal insulation; MLI replacement; flexible cryostat; HTS; energy savings AB High temperature superconducting (HTS) cables are an advanced technology that can both strengthen and improve the national electrical distribution infrastructure. HTS cables require sufficient cooling to overcome inherent low temperature heat loading. Heat loads are minimized by the use of cryogenic envelopes or cryostats. Cryostats require improvement in efficiency, reliability, and cost reduction to meet the demanding needs of HTS conductors (1G and 2G wires). Aspen Aerogels has developed a compression resistant aerogel thermal insulation package to replace compression sensitive multi-layer insulation (MLI), the incumbent thermal insulation, in flexible cryostats for HTS cables. Oak Ridge National Laboratory tested a prototype aerogel package in a lab-scale pipe apparatus to measure the rate of heat invasion. The lab-scale pipe test results of the aerogel solution will be presented and directly compared to MU. A compatibility assessment of the aerogel material with HTS system components will also be presented. The aerogel thermal insulation solution presented will meet the demanding needs of HTS cables. C1 [White, S.; Tomich, A.] Aspen Aerogels Inc, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. [Demko, J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP White, S (reprint author), Aspen Aerogels Inc, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER85189] FX This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-FG02-08ER85189. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 788 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422432 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800096 ER PT S AU Fuerst, JD Gerbick, SM Kelly, MP Kedzie, M MacDonald, S Ostroumov, PN Pardo, RC Sharamentov, S Shepard, KW Zinkann, GP AF Fuerst, J. D. Gerbick, S. M. Kelly, M. P. Kedzie, M. MacDonald, S. Ostroumov, P. N. Pardo, R. C. Sharamentov, S. Shepard, K. W. Zinkann, G. P. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI ASSEMBLY, INSTALLATION, AND COMMISSIONING OF THE ATLAS UPGRADE CRYOMODULE SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE ATLAS heavy ion accelerator; superconducting rf cavity; cryomodule ID ACCELERATOR AB A new cryomodule containing seven low-beta superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities has been added to the ATLAS heavy ion linac, providing an additional 15 MV accelerating potential to the existing accelerator. We describe the final stages of cryomodule assembly, commissioning, and installation in the ATLAS accelerator. The clean techniques used to achieve low-particulate rf surfaces are presented, as are the module design features which enable clean assembly and reliable high-gradient operation. The thermal performance of the cryomodule is described, along with performance data for the SRF cavities. Details on subsystem performance including helium and nitrogen systems, vacuum systems, thermal and magnetic shields, slow and fast tuners, and survey/alignment systems are given. C1 [Fuerst, J. D.; Gerbick, S. M.; Kelly, M. P.; Kedzie, M.; MacDonald, S.; Ostroumov, P. N.; Pardo, R. C.; Sharamentov, S.; Zinkann, G. P.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Shepard, K. W.] TechSource Inc, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Fuerst, JD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 815 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422435 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800099 ER PT S AU Kuerzeder, T Conrad, J Eichhorn, R Fuerst, JD Garcia, BB Graef, HD Liebig, C Mueller, WFO Richter, A Schlander, F Sievers, S Weiland, T AF Kuerzeder, T. Conrad, J. Eichhorn, R. Fuerst, J. D. Garcia, B. Bravo Graef, H. -D. Liebig, C. Mueller, W. F. O. Richter, A. Schlander, F. Sievers, S. Weiland, T. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI INJECTOR UPGRADE FOR THE SUPERCONDUCTING ELECTRON ACCELERATOR S-DALINAC SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Cryostat design; SRF cavity; power couplers; RF AB Since 1991 the superconducting Darmstadt linear accelerator S-DALINAC provides an electron beam of up to 130 MeV for nuclear and astrophysical experiments. The accelerator consists of an injector and four main linac cryostats, where the superconducting cavities are operated in a liquid helium bath at 2 K. Currently, the injector delivers beams of up to 10 MeV with a current of up to 60 mu A. The upgrade aims to increase both parameters, the energy to 14 MeV and the current to 150 mu A. Due to an increase in the required RF power to 2 kW the old coaxial RF input couplers, being designed for a maximum power of 500 W, have to be replaced by new waveguide couplers. Consequently, modifications to the cryostat-module had become necessary. We review the design principles, the necessary changes in RF components (i.e. couplers, transition line, stub tuner), the production of the SRF cavities and the new magnetic shielding. A report on the status will be given. C1 [Kuerzeder, T.; Conrad, J.; Eichhorn, R.; Garcia, B. Bravo; Graef, H. -D.; Liebig, C.; Richter, A.; Schlander, F.; Sievers, S.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, Petersenstr 30, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. [Mueller, W. F. O.; Weiland, T.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. [Fuerst, J. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kuerzeder, T (reprint author), Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, Petersenstr 30, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. FU DFG through SFB [634] FX This work is supported by the DFG through SFB 634. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 831 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422437 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800101 ER PT S AU Peterson, TJ Carter, HF Foley, MH Klebaner, AL Nicol, TH Page, TM Theilacker, JC Wands, RH Wong-Squires, ML Wu, G AF Peterson, T. J. Carter, H. F. Foley, M. H. Klebaner, A. L. Nicol, T. H. Page, T. M. Theilacker, J. C. Wands, R. H. Wong-Squires, M. L. Wu, G. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI PURE NIOBIUM AS A PRESSURE VESSEL MATERIAL SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE niobium; SRF; superconductivity; RF cavities; pressure vessel AB Physics laboratories around the world are developing niobium superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities for use in particle accelerators. These SRF cavities are typically cooled to low temperatures by direct contact with a liquid helium bath, resulting in at least part of the helium container being made from pure niobium. In the U.S., the Code of Federal Regulations allows national laboratories to follow national consensus pressure vessel rules or use of alternative rules which provide a level of safety greater than or equal to that afforded by ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Thus, while used for its superconducting properties, niobium ends up also being treated as a material for pressure vessels. This report summarizes what we have learned about the use of niobium as a pressure vessel material, with a focus on issues for compliance with pressure vessel codes. We present results of a literature search for mechanical properties and tests results, as well as a review of ASME pressure vessel code requirements and issues. C1 [Peterson, T. J.; Carter, H. F.; Foley, M. H.; Klebaner, A. L.; Nicol, T. H.; Page, T. M.; Theilacker, J. C.; Wands, R. H.; Wong-Squires, M. L.; Wu, G.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Peterson, TJ (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 839 EP 848 DI 10.1063/1.3422438 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800102 ER PT S AU Pogue, N McIntyre, P Sattarov, A Blackburn, R Manus, R Marhauser, F Reece, C AF Pogue, N. McIntyre, P. Sattarov, A. Blackburn, R. Manus, R. Marhauser, F. Reece, C. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI SUPERCONDUCTING RF CAVITY FOR TESTING MATERIALS AND FABRICATION PROCESSES AT 1.3 GHZ AT OVER THREE TIMES THE BCS LIMIT OF NIOBIUM SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE microwave; cavity; heterostructure; dielectric; sapphire; linac ID SAPPHIRE AB A 1.3 GHz test cavity has been designed to test wafer samples of superconducting materials. The surface magnetic field on the sample wafer is 3.75 times greater than anywhere else on the cavity surface. The cavity also facilitates measurement of the rf surface resistance corresponding to a Q of 10(10). The cavity is operated in a TE01 mode. A high purity sapphire hemisphere is used to enhance the circulating field on the sample and suppress the fields on the remainder of the cavity surface. The sapphire purity must be tested for its loss tangent and dielectric constant. To test these properties a smaller sapphire rod of the same quality will be inserted into a CEBAF cavity operating in a TE01 mode. This will allow us to measure the temperature of the sapphire as a function of input energy and time, and the dielectric constant through its effect on the resonant frequency. C1 [Pogue, N.; McIntyre, P.; Sattarov, A.; Blackburn, R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Manus, R.; Marhauser, F.; Reece, C.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Pogue, N (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. FU DOE [DE-PS02-09ER09-05] FX This work is supported by the DOE Grant DE-PS02-09ER09-05. We thank John Dick (JPL), Alex Gurevich (NHMFL), Peter Kneisel (JLab), Hasan Padamsee (Cornell), and Sami Tantawi (SLAC). NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 849 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422439 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800103 ER PT S AU Wu, G Dhanaraj, N Cooley, L Hicks, D Hahn, E Burk, D Muranyi, W Foley, M Edwards, H Harms, E Champion, M Baars, D Compton, C AF Wu, G. Dhanaraj, N. Cooley, L. Hicks, D. Hahn, E. Burk, D. Muranyi, W. Foley, M. Edwards, H. Harms, E. Champion, M. Baars, D. Compton, C. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI TENSILE TESTS OF NIOBIUM MATERIAL FOR SRF CAVITIES SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE superconducting radio-frequency cavity; niobium; mechanical testing; niobium mechanical properties; residual resistivity ratio AB Mechanical tests of cavity-grade niobium samples were conducted to provide engineering information for the certification of 3rd-harmonic superconducting radio-frequency cavities and cryomodules. Large changes of mechanical properties occur throughout the cavity fabrication process due to the cold work introduced by forming, the heating introduced by electron beam welding, and the recovery of cold work during the anneal used to degas hydrogen after chemical processing. Data is provided here to show the different properties at various stages of fabrication, including both weld regions and samples from the bulk niobium far away from the weld. Measurements of RRR were used to assure that any contamination during annealing was negligible. C1 [Wu, G.; Dhanaraj, N.; Cooley, L.; Hicks, D.; Hahn, E.; Burk, D.; Muranyi, W.; Foley, M.; Edwards, H.; Harms, E.; Champion, M.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Baars, D.; Compton, C.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Wu, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Cooley, Lance/E-7377-2015; OI Cooley, Lance/0000-0003-3488-2980; Champion, Mark/0000-0002-5742-2568 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE AC02- 07CH11359] FX The work is supported by U.S. Department of Energy under contract # DE AC02- 07CH11359. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 857 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422440 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800104 ER PT S AU Brindza, P Sun, E Lassiter, S Fowler, M AF Brindza, P. Sun, E. Lassiter, S. Fowler, M. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI CRYOSTAT DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF THE SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETS FOR JEFFERSON LAB'S 11 GEV/C SUPER HIGH MOMENTUM SPECTROMETER SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Cryostat; Heat Load; Pressure Vessel Code; Finite Element Analysis; Superconducting Magnets; Spectrometer AB This paper describes the mechanical design and analysis of the cryostats for the two cos(2 theta) quadrupoles and the cos(theta) dipole. All the magnets are currently being bid for commercial fabrication. The results of finite element analysis for the magnet cryostat helium vessels and outer vacuum chambers which investigate the mechanical integrity under maximum allowable internal working pressure, maximum allowable external working pressure, and cryogenic temperature are discussed. The allowable stress criterion is determined based on the allowable stress philosophy of the ASME codes. The computed cryogenic heat load of the magnets is compared with the allowable cryogenic consumption budget. The presented cool-down time of the magnets was studied under the conditions of a limited supply rate and a controlled temperature differential of 50 K in the magnets. C1 [Brindza, P.; Sun, E.; Lassiter, S.; Fowler, M.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Brindza, P (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 957 EP 964 DI 10.1063/1.3422465 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800116 ER PT S AU Lassiter, S Brindza, P Sun, E Fowler, M Dickson, G AF Lassiter, S. Brindza, P. Sun, E. Fowler, M. Dickson, G. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI THE ANALYSIS AND MEASUREMENT OF COMPOSITE COIL PROPERTIES OF JEFFERSON LAB'S SUPER HIGH MOMENTUM SPECTROMETER (SHMS) SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNET COILS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Measurement Cryogenic Composite Coil Properties AB Jefferson Lab's 11 GeV/c Super High Momentum Spectrometer's superconducting cosine(2 theta) quadrupole magnets and the cosine(theta) dipole use a Nb-Ti, 36-strand Rutherford style cable wave-solder to a copper extruded substrate as their conductor. These magnets will operate at 4.4 K. Accurate analysis of the mechanical performance of the magnets under Lorentz forces and thermal stresses requires that the composite coil's physical properties at cryogenic temperatures be known. The composite coil design details including the geometry, components, epoxy glass, and its electrical insulation will be presented. The derivation of the composite coil's calculated physical properties values, using a mixing rule and by Finite Element Analysis (FEA) modeling of a sample coil will be given. The calculated values will be compared to recent measured values of representative samples of the composite coils. Comparison of the composite built up coil sample, measurements and calculated values will be discussed. C1 [Lassiter, S.; Brindza, P.; Sun, E.; Fowler, M.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Dickson, G.] Mat Res & Engn Inc, Longmont, CO 80501 USA. RP Lassiter, S (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. FU LLC under U.S. DOE [DEAC05- 06OR23177] FX Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DEAC05- 06OR23177. The U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purposes. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 965 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422467 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800117 ER PT S AU Sun, E Brindza, P Lassiter, S Fowler, M AF Sun, E. Brindza, P. Lassiter, S. Fowler, M. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF THE WARM-TO-COLD SUSPENSION LINKS FOR JEFFERSON LAB'S 11 GEV/C SUPER HIGH MOMENTUM SPECTROMETER SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Suspension Link; Finite Element; Superconducting Magnets; Cryogenic Temperature; Spectrometer; Quadrupole; Dipole AB This paper describes design and analysis performed for the warm-to-cold suspension links of the warm iron yoke superconducting quadrupole magnets, and superconducting dipole magnet. The results of investigation of titanium Ti-6Al-4V and Nitronic 50 stainless steel for the suspension links to support the cold mass, preloads, forces due to cryogenic temperature, and imbalanced magnetic forces from misalignments are presented. Allowable stresses at normal-case scenarios and worst-case scenarios, space constraints, and heat leak considerations are discussed. Principles of the ASME Pressure Vessel Code were used to determine allowable stresses. Optimal angles of the suspension links were obtained by calculation and finite element methods. The stress levels of suspension links at multiple scenarios are presented, discussed, and compared with the allowable stresses. C1 [Sun, E.; Brindza, P.; Lassiter, S.; Fowler, M.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Sun, E (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 973 EP 980 DI 10.1063/1.3422468 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800118 ER PT S AU Wu, H Liu, XK Wang, L Li, SY Guo, XL Pan, H Xu, FY Green, MA AF Wu, H. Liu, X. K. Wang, L. Li, S. Y. Guo, X. L. Pan, H. Xu, F. Y. Green, M. A. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS FOR A DOUBLE-BAND COLD MASS SUPPORT OF MICE COUPLING MAGNET SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE MICE coupling magnet; cold mass support; self-centered; double-band; FEA method AB The cooling channel of Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) consists of eighteen superconducting solenoid coils, which are magnetically hooked together. A pair of coupling magnets operating at 4 K is applied to produce up to 2.6 T magnetic field on the magnet centerline to keep muon beam within the RF cavity windows. The peak magnetic force on the coupling magnet from other magnets in the MICE channel is up to 500 kN in longitudinal direction, and the requirements for magnet center and axis azimuthal angle at 4 K. are stringent. A self-centered double-band cold mass support system with intermediate thermal interruption is applied for the coupling magnet. The physical center of the magnet does not change as it is cooled down from 300 K to 4.2 K with this support system. In this paper the design parameters of the support system are discussed. The integral analysis of the support system using FEA method was carried out to determine the tension forces in bands when various loads are applied. The magnet centre displacement and concentricity deviation form the axis of the warm bore are obtained, and the peak tension in support bands is also determined according to the simulation results. C1 [Wu, H.; Liu, X. K.; Wang, L.; Guo, X. L.; Pan, H.; Xu, F. Y.] Harbin Inst Technol, Inst Cryogen & Superconduct Technol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. [Li, S. Y.] Hilong Univ Sci & Technol, Harbin 150027, Peoples R China. [Green, M. A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wu, H (reprint author), Harbin Inst Technol, Inst Cryogen & Superconduct Technol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. FU cryogenics; superconducting technology innovation [985-2]; Office of Science; US-DOE under DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work is supported by funds of the cryogenics and superconducting technology innovation project under the 985-2 plan of the HIT. This work is also supported by the Office of Science, US-DOE under DOE contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 997 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422471 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800121 ER PT S AU Pan, H Liu, XK Wang, L Guo, XL Wu, H Chen, AB Green, MA AF Pan, H. Liu, X. K. Wang, L. Guo, X. L. Wu, H. Chen, A. B. Green, M. A. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND THERMAL ANALYSIS FOR THERMAL SHIELDS OF THE MICE COUPLING MAGNETS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE MICE coupling magnets; Thermal shield; FEA AB A superconducting coupling magnet made from copper matrix NbTi conductors operating at 4 K will be used in the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) to produce up to 2.6 T on the magnet centerline to keep the muon beam within the thin RF cavity windows. The coupling magnet is to be cooled by two cryocoolers with a total cooling capacity of 3 W at 4.2 K. In order to keep a certain operating temperature margin, the most important is to reduce the heat leakage imposed on cold surfaces of coil cold mass assembly. An intermediate temperature shield system placed between the coupling coil and warm vacuum chamber is adopted. The shield system consists of upper neck shield, main shields, flexible connections and eight supports, which is to be cooled by the first stage cold heads of two cryocoolers with cooling capacity of 55 W at 60 K each. The maximum temperature difference on the shields should be less than 20 K, so the thermal analyses for the shields with different thicknesses, materials, flexible connections for shields' cooling and structure design for their supports were carried out. 1100 Al is finally adopted and the maximum temperature difference is around 15 K with 4 mm shield thickness. The paper is to present detailed analyses on the shield system design. C1 [Pan, H.; Liu, X. K.; Wang, L.; Guo, X. L.; Wu, H.; Chen, A. B.] Harbin Inst Technol, Inst Cryogen & Superconduct Technol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. [Green, M. A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pan, H (reprint author), Harbin Inst Technol, Inst Cryogen & Superconduct Technol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. FU cryogenics and superconducting technology innovation [985-2]; Office of Science; US-DOE under DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work is supported by funds of the cryogenics and superconducting technology innovation project under the 985-2 plan of the HIT. This work is also supported by the Office of Science, US-DOE under DOE contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 1005 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422259 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800122 ER PT S AU Haug, F Pereira, H Silva, P Pezzetti, M Pavlov, O Pirotte, O Metselaar, J Efthymiopoulos, I Fabich, A Lettry, J Kirk, HG McDonald, KT Titus, P Bennett, JRJ AF Haug, F. Pereira, H. Silva, P. Pezzetti, M. Pavlov, O. Pirotte, O. Metselaar, J. Efthymiopoulos, I. Fabich, A. Lettry, J. Kirk, H. G. McDonald, K. T. Titus, P. Bennett, J. R. J. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI COOLING SYSTEM FOR THE MERIT HIGH-POWER TARGET EXPERIMENT SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE pulsed magnet; fast cycling cooling system; target experiment; muon collider AB MERIT is a proof-of-principle experiment of a target station suitable as source for future muon colliders or neutrino factories. When installed at the CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) I'S (Proton Synchrotron) complex fast-extracted high-intensity proton beams intercepted a free mercury jet inside a normal-conducting, pulsed 15-T capture solenoid magnet cooled with liquid nitrogen. Up to 25 MJ of Joule heat was dissipated in the magnet during a pulse. The fully automated, remotely controlled cryogenic system of novel design permitted the transfer of nitrogen by the sole means of differential pressures inside the vessels. This fast cycling system permitted several hundred tests in less than three weeks during the 2007 data taking campaign. C1 [Haug, F.; Pereira, H.; Silva, P.; Pezzetti, M.; Pavlov, O.; Pirotte, O.; Metselaar, J.; Efthymiopoulos, I.; Fabich, A.; Lettry, J.] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Kirk, H. G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [McDonald, K. T.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Titus, P.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Bennett, J. R. J.] CCLRC, RAL, Chilton OX11 0QX, England. RP Haug, F (reprint author), CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 1023 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422261 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800124 ER PT S AU Zlobin, AV Andreev, N Barzi, E Bossert, R Chlachidze, G Kashikhin, VS Kashikhin, VV Lamm, MJ Novitski, I Tartaglia, M Tompkins, JC Turrioni, D Yamada, R AF Zlobin, A. V. Andreev, N. Barzi, E. Bossert, R. Chlachidze, G. Kashikhin, V. S. Kashikhin, V. V. Lamm, M. J. Novitski, I. Tartaglia, M. Tompkins, J. C. Turrioni, D. Yamada, R. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI TESTING OF NB(3)SN QUADRUPOLE COILS USING MAGNETIC MIRROR STRUCTURE SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Quadrupole coil; magnetic mirror; magnet test ID PERFORMANCE; CABLES; FIELD; MODEL; LARP AB This paper describes the design and parameters of a quadrupole mirror structure for testing the mechanical, thermal and quench performance of single shell-type superconducting quadrupole coils at field, current and force levels similar to that of real magnet. The concept was experimentally verified by testing two quadrupole coils, previously used in quadrupole models, in the developed mirror structure in the temperature range from 4.5 to 1.9 K. The coils were instrumented with voltage taps, heaters, and strain gauges to monitor their mechanical and thermal properties and quench performance. A new quadrupole coil made of improved Nb(3)Sn RRP-108/127 strand and cable insulation based on E-glass tape was also tested using this structure. The fabrication and test results of the quadrupole mirror models are reported and discussed. C1 [Zlobin, A. V.; Andreev, N.; Barzi, E.; Bossert, R.; Chlachidze, G.; Kashikhin, V. S.; Kashikhin, V. V.; Lamm, M. J.; Novitski, I.; Tartaglia, M.; Tompkins, J. C.; Turrioni, D.; Yamada, R.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Zlobin, AV (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 1031 EP 1038 DI 10.1063/1.3422262 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800125 ER PT S AU Ganni, V Knudsen, P AF Ganni, V. Knudsen, P. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI OPTIMAL DESIGN AND OPERATION OF HELIUM REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS USING THE GANNI CYCLE SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE helium; cycles; refrigerator; screw compressor; efficiency AB The constant pressure ratio process, as implemented in the floating pressure - Ganni cycle, is a new variation to prior cryogenic refrigeration and liquefaction cycle designs that allows for optimal operation and design of helium refrigeration systems. This cycle is based upon the traditional equipment used for helium refrigeration system designs, i.e., constant volume displacement compression and critical flow expansion devices. It takes advantage of the fact that for a given load, the expander sets the compressor discharge pressure and the compressor sets its own suction pressure. This cycle not only provides an essentially constant system Carnot efficiency over a wide load range, but invalidates the traditional philosophy that the ('TS') design condition is the optimal operating condition for a given load using the as-built hardware. As such, the Floating Pressure-Ganni Cycle is a solution to reduce the energy consumption while increasing the reliability, flexibility and stability of these systems over a wide operating range and different operating modes and is applicable to most of the existing plants. This paper explains the basic theory behind this cycle operation and contrasts it to the traditional operational philosophies presently used. C1 [Ganni, V.; Knudsen, P.] TJNAF, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Ganni, V (reprint author), TJNAF, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 1057 EP 1071 DI 10.1063/1.3422267 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800128 ER PT S AU Arnold, P Decker, L Howe, D Urbin, J Homan, J Reis, C Creel, J Ganni, V Knudsen, P Sidi-Yekhlef, A AF Arnold, P. Decker, Lutz Howe, D. Urbin, J. Homan, Jonathan Reis, Carl Creel, J. Ganni, V. Knudsen, P. Sidi-Yekhlef, A. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI LARGE SCALE REFRIGERATION PLANT FOR GROUND TESTING THE JAMES WEBB TELESCOPE AT NASA JOHNSON SPACE CENTER SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE helium refrigerator; floating pressure; space telescope; NASA AB The James Webb Telescope is the successor to the Hubble Telescope and will be placed in an orbit of 1.5 million km from earth. Before launch in 2014, the telescope will be tested in NASA Johnson Space Center's (JSC) space simulation chamber, Chamber A. The tests will be conducted at deep space conditions. Chamber A's helium cryo-panels are currently cooled down to 20 K by two Linde 3.5 kW helium refrigerators. The new 12.5 kW, 20-K helium coldbox described in this paper is part of the upgrade to the chamber systems for this large test program. The Linde coldbox will provide refrigeration in several operating modes where the temperature of the chamber is being controlled with a high accuracy due to the demanding NASA test requirements. The implementation of two parallel expansion turbine strings and the Ganni cycle - Floating Pressure process results in a highly efficient and flexible process that minimizes the electrical input power. This paper will describe the collaboration and execution of the coldbox project. C1 [Arnold, P.; Decker, Lutz] Linde Kryotech AG, CH-8042 Pfungen, Switzerland. [Howe, D.; Urbin, J.] Linde Cryogen, Div Linde Proc Plants Inc, Tulsa, OK USA. [Homan, Jonathan] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Reis, Carl] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Hamilton Sundstrand Engn & Sci Contract Grp, Houston, TX USA. [Creel, J.; Ganni, V.; Knudsen, P.; Sidi-Yekhlef, A.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Newport News, VA USA. RP Arnold, P (reprint author), Linde Kryotech AG, CH-8042 Pfungen, Switzerland. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 1080 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422269 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800130 ER PT S AU Arenius, D Creel, J Dixon, K Ganni, V Knudsen, P AF Arenius, D. Creel, J. Dixon, K. Ganni, V. Knudsen, P. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI OVERVIEW AND STATUS OF THE 12 GeV CRYOGENIC SYSTEM UPGRADE AT JLAB SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE helium; refrigerator; CEBAF; Jefferson Laboratory AB As part of the planned Jefferson Laboratory's electron accelerator (CEBAF) power upgrade, ten additional superconducting RF cryomodules will be added to its accelerator linacs. Although physically the same size as each of the original 40 linac cryomodules, each new cryomodule will have approximately 4 times the acceleration power. To support the additional cryomodule heat loads generated, the existing 2K, 4600W Central Helium Liquefier (CHL) plant capacity will be doubled to a total of 9200W at 2K plus 24,000W at 35K for shield loads. The specified base line process cycle has been modeled after the laboratory's "Ganni Helium Cycle" process technology. In addition, a fourth physics experimental "Hall D" will be constructed which will have an additional stand alone 200W at 4K helium cryogenic plant. In October of 2008, Jefferson Laboratory (JLab) received approval for project "Critical Decision 3" construction phase status from the US Department of Energy. An overview of the planned cryogenic systems and current design baseline as it relates to operations will be presented. C1 [Arenius, D.; Creel, J.; Dixon, K.; Ganni, V.; Knudsen, P.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Arenius, D (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave,Suite 19, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 1087 EP 1091 DI 10.1063/1.3422270 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800131 ER PT S AU Theilacker, J Carter, H Foley, M Hurh, P Klebaner, A Krempetz, K Nicol, T Olis, D Page, T Peterson, T Pfund, P Pushka, D Schmitt, R Wands, R AF Theilacker, J. Carter, H. Foley, M. Hurh, P. Klebaner, A. Krempetz, K. Nicol, T. Olis, D. Page, T. Peterson, T. Pfund, P. Pushka, D. Schmitt, R. Wands, R. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI GUIDELINES FOR THE DESIGN, FABRICATION, TESTING, INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF SRF CAVITIES SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Safety; Niobium; Pressure Vessel; SRF AB Superconducting Radio-Frequency (SRF) cavities containing cryogens under pressure pose a potential rupture hazard to equipment and personnel. Generally, pressure vessels fall within the scope of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code however, the use of niobium as a material for the SRF cavities is beyond the applicability of the Code. Fermi lab developed a guideline to ensure sound engineering practices governing the design, fabrication, testing, installation and operation of SRF cavities. The objective of the guideline is to reduce hazards and to achieve an equivalent level of safety afforded by the ASME Code. The guideline addresses concerns specific to SRF cavities in the areas of materials, design and analysis, welding and brazing, pressure relieving requirements, pressure testing and quality control. C1 [Theilacker, J.; Carter, H.; Foley, M.; Hurh, P.; Klebaner, A.; Krempetz, K.; Nicol, T.; Olis, D.; Page, T.; Peterson, T.; Pfund, P.; Pushka, D.; Schmitt, R.; Wands, R.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Theilacker, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 1223 EP 1230 DI 10.1063/1.3422289 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800147 ER PT S AU Darve, C Balle, C Casas-Cubillos, J Claudet, S Feher, S Ferlin, G Kerby, J Metral, L Perin, A Peterson, T Prin, H Rabehl, R Vauthier, N Wagner, U van Weelderen, R AF Darve, C. Balle, C. Casas-Cubillos, J. Claudet, S. Feher, S. Ferlin, G. Kerby, J. Metral, L. Perin, A. Peterson, T. Prin, H. Rabehl, R. Vauthier, N. Wagner, U. van Weelderen, R. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI COMMISSIONING AND FIRST OPERATION OF THE LOW-BETA TRIPLETS AND THEIR ELECTRICAL FEED BOXES AT THE LARGE HADRON COLLIDER SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE LHC; superconductors; low-beta triplets; electrical feed-boxes; applied superconductivity AB The insertion regions located around the four interaction points of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are mainly composed of the low-beta triplets, the separation dipoles and their respective electrical feed-boxes (DFBX). The low-beta triplets are Nb-Ti superconductor quadrupole magnets, which operate at 215 T/m in superfluid helium at a temperature of 1.9 K. The commissioning and the first operation of these components have been performed. The thermo-mechanical behavior of the low-beta triplets and DFBX were studied. Cooling and control systems were tuned to optimize the cryogenic operation of the insertion regions. Hardware commissioning also permitted to test the system response. This paper summarizes the performance results and the lessons learned. C1 [Darve, C.; Feher, S.; Kerby, J.; Peterson, T.; Rabehl, R.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Balle, C.; Casas-Cubillos, J.; Claudet, S.; Ferlin, G.; Metral, L.; Perin, A.; Prin, H.; Vauthier, N.; Wagner, U.; van Weelderen, R.] European Org Nucl Res, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Darve, C (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. FU Department of Energy [AC02-76CH 00016] FX The consolidations of the low-E triplet and their electrical feed-boxes would never have been possible without the contribution of F. Antoniotti, O. Desebe and the TE/CRG technicians. M. Soubiran, P. Gomez, G. Fernandez-Penacoba, JF. Bel and the TE/CRG/Operation team provided a continuous and outstanding support during the hardware commissioning. The US-LHC program was leaded by J. Strait. This work was supported primarily by the Department of Energy under contract number AC02-76CH 00016. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 1283 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422296 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800154 ER PT S AU Ferracin, P AF Ferracin, P. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI LARP NB(3)SN QUADRUPOLE MAGNETS FOR THE LHC LUMINOSITY UPGRADE SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE LARP; Nb(3)Sn; quadrupole magnets; LHC Interaction Regions ID ACCELERATOR RESEARCH-PROGRAM; RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; HIGH-GRADIENT QUADRUPOLE; MODEL QUADRUPOLE; RACETRACK COILS; SUPPORT-STRUCTURE; DESIGN; FABRICATION; STRAND; TQS01 AB The US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) is a collaboration between four US laboratories (BNL, FNAL, LBNL, and SLAC) aimed at contributing to the commissioning and operation of the LHC and conducting R&D on its luminosity upgrade. Within LARP, the Magnet Program's main goal is to demonstrate that Nb(3)Sn superconducting magnets are a viable option for a future upgrade of the LHC Interaction Regions. Over the past four years, LARP has successfully fabricated and tested several R&D magnets: 1) the subscale quadrupole magnet SQ, to perform technology studies with 300 mm long racetrack coils, 2) the technology quadrupole TQ, to investigate support structure behavior with 1 m long cos2 theta coils, and 3) the long racetrack magnet LR, to test 3.6 m long racetrack coils. The next milestone consists in the fabrication and test of the 3.7 m long quadrupole magnet LQ, with the goal of demonstrating that Nb(3)Sn technology is mature for use in high energy accelerators. After an overview of design features and test results of the LARP magnets fabricated so far, this paper focuses on the status of the fabrication of LQ: we describe the production of the 3.4 m long cos2 theta coils, and the qualification of the support structure. Finally, the status of the development of the next 1 m long model HQ, conceived to explore stress and field limits of Nb(3)Sn superconducting magnets, is presented. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ferracin, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 1291 EP 1300 DI 10.1063/1.3422298 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800155 ER PT S AU van Weelderen, R Goiffon, T Perin, A Darve, C Doohan, RS Gilankar, SG AF van Weelderen, R. Goiffon, T. Perin, A. Darve, C. Doohan, R. S. Gilankar, S. G. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI COMMISSIONING AND FIRST OPERATION OF SUPERCONDUCTING LINKS AT THE LARGE HADRON COLLIDER (LHC) SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE LHC; Low Tc superconductors; Superconducting transfer lines; Superconducting links; Applied superconductivity AB The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) now under commissioning at CERN is a 26.7 km collider based on several thousand high-field superconducting magnets, the majority of which operating in superfluid helium below 2 K and some isolated magnets operating in normal helium at 4.5 K. Four superconducting links (DSLs) of about 76 m in length and one of about 517 m in length, were designed, constructed and installed over a three year period. Their purpose is to transport current over long distances whenever underground LHC space constraints prevents to put power converters, current feed boxes and magnets in each others' proximity. The four 76 m long DSLs transport current between current feed boxes and several of the isolated magnets, whereas the 517 in long DSL transports current between two current feed boxes. The links are comprised of cryogenic, vacuum-insulated, transfer lines housing one or more superconducting cables. The operating temperatures are about 5 K for the DSL part that houses the cable and about 60 K for the heat shield. Their commissioning and performance results at first operational experience in the beginning of 2008 are discussed. C1 [van Weelderen, R.; Goiffon, T.; Perin, A.] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Darve, C.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Doohan, R. S.; Gilankar, S. G.] Ctr Adv Technol, Indore 452013, India. RP van Weelderen, R (reprint author), CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 1301 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422299 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800156 ER PT S AU Perin, A Casas-Cubillos, J Claudet, S Darve, C Ferlin, G Millet, F Parente, C Rabehl, R Soubiran, M van Weelderen, R Wagner, U AF Perin, A. Casas-Cubillos, J. Claudet, S. Darve, C. Ferlin, G. Millet, F. Parente, C. Rabehl, R. Soubiran, M. van Weelderen, R. Wagner, U. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI COMMISSIONING OF THE CRYOGENICS OF THE LHC LONG STRAIGHT SECTIONS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE LHC; helium cryogenics; superconductor; electrical feedbox; HTS current leads; busbar; magnet AB The LHC is made of eight circular arcs interspaced with eight Long Straight Sections (LSS). Most powering interfaces to the LHC are located in these sections where the particle beams are focused and shaped for collision, cleaning and acceleration. The LSSs are constituted of several unique cryogenic devices and systems like electrical feed-boxes, standalone superconducting magnets, superconducting links, RF cavities and final focusing superconducting magnets. This paper presents the cryogenic commissioning and the main results obtained during the first operation of the LHC Long Straight Sections. C1 [Perin, A.; Casas-Cubillos, J.; Claudet, S.; Ferlin, G.; Millet, F.; Parente, C.; Soubiran, M.; van Weelderen, R.; Wagner, U.] CERN, Dept Technol, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Darve, C.; Rabehl, R.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Perin, A (reprint author), CERN, Dept Technol, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 1309 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422300 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800157 ER PT S AU Xu, FY Pan, H Wu, H Lui, XK Li, E Green, MA Dietderich, D Higley, HC Tam, DG Trillaud, F Wang, L AF Xu, F. Y. Pan, H. Wu, H. Lui, X. K. Li, E. Green, M. A. Dietderich, D. Higley, H. C. Tam, D. G. Trillaud, F. Wang, Li BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI MEASUREMENT OF RESISTANCE AND STRENGTH OF CONDUCTOR SPLICES IN THE MICE COUPLING MAGNETS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Splice Resistance; Splice Strength AB The superconducting magnets for the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment [1] (MICE) use a copper based Nb-Ti conductor with un-insulated dimensions of 0.95 by 1.60 mm. There may be as many as twelve splices in one MICE superconducting coupling coil. These splices are to be wound in the coil. The conductor splices produce Joule heating, which may cause the magnet to quench. A technique of making conductor splices was developed by ICST. Two types of 1-meter long of soldered lap-joints have been tested. Side-by-side splices and up-down one splices were studied theoretically and experimentally using two types of soft solder made of eutectic tin-lead solder and tin-silver solder. The resistances of the splices made by ICST were tested at LBNL at liquid helium temperatures over a range of magnetic fields up to 5 T. The breaking strength of 250 mm long splices was also measured at room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature. C1 [Xu, F. Y.; Pan, H.; Wu, H.; Lui, X. K.; Li, E.; Tam, D. G.; Wang, Li] HIT, ICST, Harbin 150080, Peoples R China. [Green, M. A.; Dietderich, D.; Higley, H. C.; Trillaud, F.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xu, FY (reprint author), HIT, ICST, Harbin 150080, Peoples R China. FU cryogenics and superconductivity engineering technology innovation; "985 Project" of the Harbin Institute of Technology; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under DOE [DE-AC-02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the fund for cryogenics and superconductivity engineering technology innovation, the second phase of the 985 Project of the Harbin Institute of Technology. This work was also supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under DOE contract DE-AC-02-05CH11231. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 1434 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3422319 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800172 ER PT S AU Hatfield, DR Miller, JR Martovetsky, N Kenney, SJ AF Hatfield, D. R. Miller, J. R. Martovetsky, N. Kenney, S. J. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI MODIFICATION OF CENTRAL SOLENOID MODEL COIL TEST FACILITY FOR RAPID TESTING OF CABLE-IN-CONDUIT CONDUCTORS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Cryogenics; Superconducting Magnets; Cable-in-Conduit Conductor AB This document describes proposed design modifications to the Central Solenoid Model Coil (CSMC) Test Facility at the Japan Atomic Energy Agency that will allow rapid test and changeout of central solenoid (CS) conductor samples and more precise and reliable characterization than is presently achievable elsewhere. Typically CS testing at the CSMC Test Facility is followed by testing at the SULTAN facility in Switzerland. The SULTAN facility has very short in-field length and a short length between the high field zone and the joints. This makes it difficult to obtain uniform distribution of current in the cable at low voltage levels, which defines the current sharing temperature. In a working magnet, like the ITER CS, there is a long length of conductor in the highest field, which provides a more uniform current distribution near current sharing. The modified facility will serve as an economical tool for ITER conductor testing. The test item will be a three turn sample, about 15 m long, placed in the background field of the CSMC. This new mode of operation will reduce the time of cooldown, warmup, and installation of the sample into the CSMC facility, which should significantly reduce the testing cost per sample. C1 [Hatfield, D. R.; Miller, J. R.; Martovetsky, N.; Kenney, S. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, ITER Project Off, Magnet Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hatfield, DR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, ITER Project Off, Magnet Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 1460 EP 1467 DI 10.1063/1.3422323 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800175 ER PT S AU Santodonato, LJ Walker, LMH Church, AJ Redmon, CM AF Santodonato, L. J. Walker, L. M. H. Church, A. J. Redmon, C. M. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI TEMPERATURE CONTROL DIAGNOSTICS FOR SAMPLE ENVIRONMENTS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 55A AND 55B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Tucson, AZ SP Adv Res Syst, Amuneal Mfg Corp, Cryofab, Cryomech, Cryocomp, DLH Ind, Essex Cryogen Mo Inc, GE Global Res Ctr, Janis Res Co, Linde Kryotech AG, Linde Nitrogen, Metropolitan Tucson Convent & Visitors, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Nexans, PHPK Technologies, Precis Cryogen Syst, RUAG, Sci Instruments, SuperPower Inc, SupraMagnetics, Velan DE Sample environment; cryogenic temperature control; PID control AB In a scientific laboratory setting, standard equipment such as cryocoolers are often used as part of a custom "sample environment" system designed to regulate temperature over a wide range. The end user may be more concerned with precise sample temperature control than with base temperature. Cryogenic systems, however, tend to be specified mainly in terms of cooling capacity and base temperature. Technical staff at scientific user facilities (and perhaps elsewhere) often wonder how to best specify and evaluate temperature control capabilities. Here we describe test methods and give results obtained at a user facility that operates a large sample environment inventory. Although this inventory includes a wide variety of temperature, pressure, and magnetic field devices, the present work focuses on cryocooler-based systems. C1 [Santodonato, L. J.; Walker, L. M. H.; Church, A. J.; Redmon, C. M.] Neutron Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Santodonato, LJ (reprint author), Neutron Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Santodonato, Louis/A-9523-2015 OI Santodonato, Louis/0000-0002-4600-685X NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0761-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1218 BP 1647 EP 1651 DI 10.1063/1.3422348 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BRC92 UT WOS:000282379800197 ER PT S AU Wang, YBJ Li, F Coenen, F Sanderson, R Xin, Q AF Wang, Yanbo J. Li, Fan Coenen, Frans Sanderson, Robert Xin, Qin BE Perner, P TI Hybrid DIAAF/RS: Statistical Textual Feature Selection for Language-Independent Text Classification SO ADVANCES IN DATA MINING: APPLICATIONS AND THEORETICAL ASPECTS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Industrial Conference on Data Mining CY JUL 12-14, 2010 CL Berlin, GERMANY DE Associative Classification; (Language-independent) Text Classification; Text Mining; Textual Feature Selection ID CATEGORIZATION; RETRIEVAL AB Textual Feature Selection (TFS) is an important phase in the process of text classification. It aims to identify the most significant textual features (i.e. key words and/or phrases), in a textual dataset, that serve to distinguish between text categories. In TFS, basic techniques can be divided into two groups: linguistic vs. statistical. For the purpose of building a language-independent text classifier, the study reported here is concerned with statistical TFS only. In this paper, we propose a novel statistical TFS approach that hybridizes the ideas of two existing techniques, DIAAF (Darmstadt Indexing Approach Association Factor) and RS (Relevancy Score). With respect to associative (text) classification, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can produce greater classification accuracy than other alternative approaches. C1 [Wang, Yanbo J.; Li, Fan] China Minsheng Banking Corp Ltd, Informat Management Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Coenen, Frans] Univ Liverpool, Dept Comp Sci, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. [Sanderson, Robert] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Xin, Qin] Simula Res Lab, Oslo, Norway. RP Wang, YBJ (reprint author), China Minsheng Banking Corp Ltd, Informat Management Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM wangyanbo@cmbc.com.cn; lifan@cmbc.com.cn; coenen@liverpool.ac.uk; rsanderson@lanl.gov; xin@simula.no RI Sanderson, Robert/A-3613-2013 OI Sanderson, Robert/0000-0003-4441-6852 FU China Minsheng Banking Corp., Ltd.; University of Liverpool; IBM China; Beijing eMay Softcom Technology Ltd; Beijing Friendship Hotel FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Jiongyu Li from the China Minsheng Banking Corp., Ltd., Professor Paul Leng and Chuntao Jiang from the University of Liverpool, Songpo Wang from IBM China, Fan Wu from the Beijing eMay Softcom Technology Ltd., and Zhijie Jia from the Beijing Friendship Hotel for their support with respect to the work described here. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-14399-1 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2010 VL 6171 BP 222 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BTG35 UT WOS:000286902300018 ER PT S AU Wu, W Greve, DW Oppenheim, IJ AF Wu, Wei Greve, David W. Oppenheim, Irving J. BE Nair, KM Priya, S TI SEMICONDUCTING METAL OXIDES AS OXYGEN SENSOR SO ADVANCES IN ELECTROCERAMIC MATERIALS II SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials Science and Technology 2009 Conference and Exhibition CY OCT 25-29, 2009 CL David L Lawrence Convention Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA SP Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Env Technol Div, ASM Int HO David L Lawrence Convention Ctr ID THICK-FILM AB Screen printing technique provides a simple and low cost method of fabricating thick film electronic circuit components. We are developing an inductively coupled wireless sensor using a metal oxide thick film for sensing the oxygen concentration at high temperatures encountered in combustor exhaust streams. The sensing films were evaluated at temperatures between 500 C and 800 C in a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen gas. Resistance measurements of TiO(2) and ZnO thick films will be presented. The inductively coupled oxygen sensor was tested at 650 C with various oxygen concentrations and the results will be discussed. C1 [Wu, Wei; Greve, David W.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Wu, W (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-92716-8 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2010 VL 221 BP 187 EP 193 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BTL70 UT WOS:000287221600017 ER PT S AU Wang, H Lin, HT Cooper, TA Wereszczak, AA AF Wang, Hong Lin, Hua-Tay Cooper, Thomas A. Wereszczak, Andrew A. BE Priya, S Weidenkaff, A Norton, DP TI MECHANICAL STRAIN AND PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF PZT STACKS RELATED TO SEMI-BIPOLAR ELECTRIC CYCLIC FATIGUE SO ADVANCES IN ELECTRONIC CERAMICS II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 18-23, 2009 CL Daytona Beach, FL AB PZT stacks that have an inter-digital internal electrode configuration were tested to more than 10(8) cycles. A 100-Hz semi-bipolar sine wave with a field range of +4.5/-0.9 kV/mm was used in cycling with a concurrently applied 20 MPa preload. Significant reductions in mechanical strain and piezoelectric coefficients were observed during the cycling depending on the measuring condition. Extensive surface discharges were also observed. These surface events, as well as related breakdown, resulted in the erosion of external electrode and the outcrop of internal electrode, which partially accounted for the observed reductions. The results from this study demonstrate the feasibility of using a semi-bipolar mode to drive a PZT stack under a mechanical preload and illustrate the potential fatigue performance of the stack in service. C1 [Wang, Hong; Lin, Hua-Tay; Cooper, Thomas A.; Wereszczak, Andrew A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ceram Sci & Technol Grp, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ceram Sci & Technol Grp, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wangh@ornl.gov RI Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016; Wang, Hong/O-1987-2016 OI Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X; Wang, Hong/0000-0002-0173-0545 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-45759-7 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 9 BP 67 EP 77 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BQI75 UT WOS:000281127600006 ER PT S AU Wereszczak, AA Kirkland, TP Jadaan, OM Wang, H AF Wereszczak, A. A. Kirkland, T. P. Jadaan, O. M. Wang, H. BE Priya, S Weidenkaff, A Norton, DP TI STRENGTH OF BISMUTH TELLURIDE SO ADVANCES IN ELECTRONIC CERAMICS II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 18-23, 2009 CL Daytona Beach, FL AB The fast-fracture or inert strength of a commercially available p- and n-type bismuth telluride was measured in uniaxial and biaxial flexure at 25 and 225 degrees C. The processing method is recognized to produce material anisotropy, so the orientation effect on strength was also explored. Two-parameter Weibull strength distributions for p- and n-type, orientation, and temperature are contrasted. N- and p-type had equivalent strength in the RZ-orientation but the n-type was slightly stronger in the RR-orientation. The strength in the RZ-orientation was approximately twice that of the RR-orientation for both the and p-types. Strength decreased by approximately 15% between 25 and 225 degrees C. Lastly, as-machined and cut surfaces produced equivalent strengths with the latter showing less strength scatter. C1 [Wereszczak, A. A.; Kirkland, T. P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jadaan, O. M.] Univ Wisconsin Platteville, Coll Engn Math & Sci, Platteville, WI 53831 USA. [Wang, H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Diffract & Thermophys Properties Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wereszczak, AA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013; Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867; Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X FU U.S. Department of Energy; Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency; Renewable Energy; Office of Vehicle Technologies; Propulsion Materials Program [DE-AC05-000R2.2725]; IJT-Battelle FX Research sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies, as part of the Propulsion Materials Program, under contract DE-AC05-000R2.2725 with IJT-Battelle, LLC. The authors thank ORNL's M. Lance and H. Wang for reviewing the manuscript, and H. -T. Lin for assisting with the scanning electron microscopy NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-45759-7 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 9 BP 131 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BQI75 UT WOS:000281127600011 ER PT B AU Klemic, GA Elcock, D AF Klemic, Gladys A. Elcock, Deborah BE Daniels, JA TI ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION MONITORING: PUBLIC DOSE LIMITS, MEASUREMENTS AND INTERPRETATION SO ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, VOL 4 SE Advances in Environmental Research-Nova LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Determination of the man-made component of the external radiation dose in the vicinity of a nuclear or radiological facility is performed by the facility operator to demonstrate compliance with regulations that limit the allowable dose to the public from man-made sources. Such measurements must include removal of the natural background radiation component that is typically in the same range as the public dose limits. Current technology is adequate to measure the total direct radiation levels, but distinguishing a potential man-made component from the naturally varying radiation background is a more complex problem. This chapter reviews the regulations on public dose limits in the United States and the technologies that are used for environmental monitoring. It also discusses issues associated with the interpretation of routine monitoring data. C1 [Klemic, Gladys A.] US Dept Homeland Secur, NUSTL, Sci & Technol Directorate, New York, NY 10014 USA. [Elcock, Deborah] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Klemic, GA (reprint author), US Dept Homeland Secur, NUSTL, Sci & Technol Directorate, 201 Varick St,5th Floor, New York, NY 10014 USA. EM gladys.klemic@dhs.gov; elcock@anl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-61668-169-2 J9 ADV ENVIRON RES-SER PY 2010 VL 4 BP 249 EP 257 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BSE32 UT WOS:000284283100013 ER PT S AU Guy, M Earle, P Ostrum, C Gruchalla, K Horvath, S AF Guy, Michelle Earle, Paul Ostrum, Chris Gruchalla, Kenny Horvath, Scott BE Cohen, PR Adams, NM Berthold, MR TI Integration and Dissemination of Citizen Reported and Seismically Derived Earthquake Information via Social Network Technologies SO ADVANCES IN INTELLIGENT DATA ANALYSIS IX, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Intelligent Data Analysis CY MAY 19-21, 2010 CL Tucson, AZ SP Sch Informat Sci, Technol & Arts, Univ Arizona, Sante Fe Inst, Univ Konstanz, ALADDIN Project DE Twitter; micro-blogging; social network; citizen reporting; earthquake; hazard; geospatial-temporal data; time series AB People in the locality of earthquakes are publishing anecdotal information about the shaking within seconds of their occurrences via social network technologies, such as Twitter. In contrast, depending on the size and location of the earthquake, scientific alerts can take between two to twenty minutes to publish. We describe TED (Twitter Earthquake Detector) a system that adopts social network technologies to augment earthquake response products and the delivery of hazard information. The TED system analyzes data from these social networks for multiple purposes: I) to integrate citizen reports of earthquakes with corresponding scientific reports 2) to infer the public level of interest in an earthquake for tailoring outputs disseminated via social network technologies and 3) to explore the possibility of rapid detection of a probable earthquake, within seconds of its occurrence, helping to fill the gap between the earthquake origin time and the presence of quantitative scientific data. C1 [Guy, Michelle; Earle, Paul; Ostrum, Chris] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Gruchalla, Kenny] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Horvath, Scott] US Geolog Survey Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Reston, VA USA. RP Guy, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU American Recovery and Reinvestment Act FX Funding provided by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act supported a student, Chris Ostrum, for the development of the TED system.Chris is currently at Sierra Nevada Corp, Englewood, CO, USA. We thank M. Hearne and H. Bolton for internal USGS reviews of this manuscript. Any use of trade, product,or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-13061-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6065 BP 42 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPN32 UT WOS:000279393300005 ER PT J AU Joseph, DP Venkateswaran, C Vennila, RS AF Joseph, D. Paul Venkateswaran, C. Vennila, R. Selva TI Critical Analysis on the Structural and Magnetic Properties of Bulk and Nanocrystalline Cu-Fe-O SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL OXIDES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; DOPED CU2O; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; CUPRIC OXIDE; THIN-FILMS; ZNO; PRESSURE; FERROMAGNETISM AB Nanocrystalline and bulk samples of "Fe"-doped CuO were prepared by coprecipitation and ceramic methods. Structural and compositional analyses were performed using X-ray diffraction, SEM, and EDAX. Traces of secondary phases such as CuFe2O4, Fe3O4, and alpha-Fe2O3 having peaks very close to that of the host CuO were identified from the Rietveld profile analysis and the SAED pattern of bulk and nanocrystalline Cu0.98Fe0.02O samples. Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) measurements show hysteresis at 300K for all the samples. The ferrimagnetic Neel transition temperature (T-N) was found to be around 465 degrees C irrespective of the content of "Fe", which is close to the T-N value of cubic CuFe2O4. High-pressure X-Ray diffraction studies were performed on 2% "Fe"-doped bulk CuO using synchrotron radiation. From the absence of any strong new peaks at high pressure, it is evident that the secondary phases if present could be less than the level of detection. Cu2O, which is diamagnetic by nature, was also doped with 1% of "Fe" and was found to show paramagnetic behavior in contrast to the "Fe" doped CuO. Hence the possibility of intrinsic magnetization of "Fe"-doped CuO apart from the secondary phases is discussed based on the magnetization and charge state of "Fe" and the host into which it is substituted. C1 [Joseph, D. Paul; Venkateswaran, C.] Univ Madras, Dept Nucl Phys, Ctr Mat Sci, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India. [Joseph, D. Paul] Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Vennila, R. Selva] Florida Int Univ, Ctr Study Matter Extreme Condit, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Vennila, R. Selva] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Venkateswaran, C (reprint author), Univ Madras, Dept Nucl Phys, Ctr Mat Sci, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India. EM cvunom@hotmail.com FU CSIR, Government of India; Air Force [212600548]; COMPRES FX D. Paul Joseph thanks the CSIR, Government of India, for the award of Senior Research Fellowship, 2007 and Dr. R. Justin Joseyphus, NIT, Trichy, for TEM measurements. The authors thank Prof. Dr. A. Narayansamy of their department and Prof. Dr. M. Palanichamy, Department of Chemistry, Anna University, for critical comments and fruitful discussions. R. S. Vennila acknowledges the Air Force Grant No. 212600548 and COMPRES for the financial support to carry out the above research. Also, the author thanks Prof. S. K. Saxena, Florida International University and Dr. H. P. Liermann of HPCAT (Sector 16), APS, Argonne National Laboratory for their help. Use of the HPCAT facility was supported by DOE-BES, DOE-NNSA (CDAC), NSF, DOD-TACOM, and the W. M. Keck foundation. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-8434 J9 ADV MATER SCI ENG JI Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. PY 2010 AR 715872 DI 10.1155/2010/715872 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 748DL UT WOS:000289370100001 ER PT S AU Hansen, E Jones, T Edwards, T Cozzi, A AF Hansen, Erich Jones, Timothy Edwards, Tommy Cozzi, Alex BE Fox, K Hoffman, E Manjooran, N Pickrell, G TI WASTE FORM DEVELOPMENT FOR SRS MOX PLANT EFFLUENT SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials Science and Technology 2009 Conference and Exhibition CY OCT 25-29, 2009 CL David L Lawrence Convention Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA SP Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Env Technol Div, ASM Int HO David L Lawrence Convention Ctr AB The Waste Solidification Building will process high activity waste (HAW) from the Mixed Oxide Fuel Fabrication plant. This work investigated the variability in the HAW waste stream and its impact on the ability to process the waste into a well mixed grout product using bench scale mixing. A statistically designed text matrix was developed on the maximum acidic composition of the HAW waste inputs of nitric acid, gallium, silver and other minor metals. Substitution of the element aluminum for gallium and copper for silver was considered, yielding 40 tests. The resulting acidic solutions were neutralized and pH adjusted to a pH of 1,2 using sodium hydroxide. These streams were blended with cement and zircon flour at a water to cement ratio of 0.3 to make grout. The grouts were mixed and visually determined to be homogenous. The fresh grout yield stress, 24 hour set time and 24 hour bleed liquid properties were measured. In all cases, there was no bleed liquid and the grouts set within 24 hours. The yield stress results ranged between 99 to 1495 Pascal, providing an indication of the required torque to yield a mixable grout. The yield stress decreases with increasing nitric acid concentration and increased with increasing gallium and other minor metals. Silver, undissolved solids fraction, pH, and density had no impact on the yield stress. As the water content in the neutralized/pH adjusted stream increased, the yield stress increased. C1 [Hansen, Erich; Jones, Timothy; Edwards, Tommy; Cozzi, Alex] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP Hansen, E (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-92729-8 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2010 VL 222 BP 21 EP 30 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BTL64 UT WOS:000287220500003 ER PT S AU Cozzi, AD AF Cozzi, A. D. BE Fox, K Hoffman, E Manjooran, N Pickrell, G TI FLAMMABLE GASSES IN THE SALTSTONE PROCESS FLOWSHEET SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials Science and Technology 2009 Conference and Exhibition CY OCT 25-29, 2009 CL David L Lawrence Convention Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA SP Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Env Technol Div, ASM Int HO David L Lawrence Convention Ctr AB The fate of flammables in the Saltstone process can be evaluated from the initial concentration in the process and the propensity to form or dissipate flammables in each operation of the Saltstone Production Facility (SPF) and Saltstone Disposal Facility (SDF). Flammable compounds in the Saltstone process can originate either as flammable compounds in the incoming salt solution, flammable compounds in the premix materials, or flammable compounds formed by the decomposition of trace materials added either as grinding aids for the dry materials or admixtures used to destabilize foaming of the Saltstone slurry. This work discusses the potential sources of volatiles that may be introduced into the Saltstone process and the mechanism for evolution of the volatiles in each of the process steps. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Cozzi, AD (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-92729-8 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2010 VL 222 BP 31 EP 39 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BTL64 UT WOS:000287220500004 ER PT S AU Matyas, J Vienna, JD Kimura, A Schaible, M Tate, RM AF Matyas, J. Vienna, J. D. Kimura, A. Schaible, M. Tate, R. M. BE Fox, K Hoffman, E Manjooran, N Pickrell, G TI DEVELOPMENT OF CRYSTAL-TOLERANT WASTE GLASSES SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials Science and Technology 2009 Conference and Exhibition CY OCT 25-29, 2009 CL David L Lawrence Convention Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA SP Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Env Technol Div, ASM Int HO David L Lawrence Convention Ctr ID BOROSILICATE GLASS; SPINEL CRYSTALS; GROWTH AB Crystal-tolerant high-level waste glasses are being developed to allow high waste loading without decreasing melter lifetime by keeping the spinel crystals small and suspended in the molten glass. Adding similar to 1 wt% NiO to the baseline glass resulted in formation of large spinel crystals, up to 210 mu m in size, and a crystal accumulation rate of similar to 227 mm/year, the highest of all tested glasses. When noble metals were added to this glass, large spinel crystals did not form and the accumulation rate decreased similar to 8.5 times. Adding similar to 5 wt% Fe(2)O(3) to the baseline glass resulted in a high number density of similar to 10-mu m spinel crystals that remained suspended in the glass melt even after 17 days at 850 degrees C. The accumulation rate of spinel crystals in high-chromia crucibles was only slightly higher than that in double crucibles, except for baseline glass that was similar to 2.6 times faster. The enrichment of this glass with chromium that leached from the wall resulted in an increased number density of similar to 50-mu m crystals. C1 [Matyas, J.; Vienna, J. D.; Kimura, A.; Schaible, M.; Tate, R. M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Matyas, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-92729-8 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2010 VL 222 BP 41 EP 50 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BTL64 UT WOS:000287220500005 ER PT S AU Billings, AL Jantzen, CM Herman, CC Marra, SL AF Billings, Amanda L. Jantzen, Carol M. Herman, Connie C. Marra, Sharon L. BE Fox, K Hoffman, E Manjooran, N Pickrell, G TI PHASE STABILITY OF DEFENSE WASTE PROCESSING FACILITY (DWPF) TYPE HIGH LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE GLASSES SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials Science and Technology 2009 Conference and Exhibition CY OCT 25-29, 2009 CL David L Lawrence Convention Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA SP Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Env Technol Div, ASM Int HO David L Lawrence Convention Ctr AB The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) at the Savannah River Site (SRS) has been vitrifying high-level radioactive waste (HLW) through a Joule heated melter since 1996. As part of waste quality acceptance, phase stability of the borosilicate glass waste forms must be determined. From the commencement of waste processing into the present-day, waste form compositions have varied and phase stability has continued to be determined by creating Time-Temperature-Transformation (TTT) diagrams. Crystallization behavior and TTT diagrams have been examined for varying glass waste compositions using isothermal heat treatments and X-ray diffraction (XRD) phase analysis. Typically, transition metal ferrite based spinel, nepheline, acmite, and lithium silicate crystalline phases are precipitated. Glass composition-crystalline phase stability relationships will be discussed for a recently processed composition and historical compositions. C1 [Billings, Amanda L.; Jantzen, Carol M.; Herman, Connie C.; Marra, Sharon L.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Billings, AL (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-92729-8 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2010 VL 222 BP 51 EP 61 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BTL64 UT WOS:000287220500006 ER PT S AU McCloy, JS Rodriguez, C Windisch, C Leslie, C Schweiger, MJ Riley, BR Vienna, JD AF McCloy, J. S. Rodriguez, C. Windisch, C. Leslie, C. Schweiger, M. J. Riley, B. R. Vienna, J. D. BE Fox, K Hoffman, E Manjooran, N Pickrell, G TI ALKALI/AKALINE-EARTH CONTENT EFFECTS ON PROPERTIES OF HIGH-ALUMINA NUCLEAR WASTE GLASSES SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials Science and Technology 2009 Conference and Exhibition CY OCT 25-29, 2009 CL David L Lawrence Convention Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA SP Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Env Technol Div, ASM Int HO David L Lawrence Convention Ctr ID VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; SILICATE-GLASSES; NEPHELINE; SPECTROSCOPY; MELTS; NA2O-AL2O3-SIO2; B-11; NMR AB A series of high alumina (>20 mass %) borosilicate glasses were made and characterized based on the assumption that the primary modifier cation field strength plays a significant role in mediating glass structure of nuclear waste glasses. Any crystallization upon quenching or after heat treatment at 950 degrees C for 24 hours was identified and quantified by X-ray diffraction. Particular note was taken of any aluminosilicates formed, such as those in the nepheline group (MAlSiO(4) where M=K, Na, Li), as these remove multiple glass-formers from the network upon crystallization. The relative roles of potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, and magnesium on glass structure and crystallization in high alumina glasses were explored using Raman and infrared vibrational spectroscopy. Strong evidence was found for the importance of four-membered rings in glasses with 10 mol % alkaline earths (Ca, Mg). C1 [McCloy, J. S.; Rodriguez, C.; Windisch, C.; Leslie, C.; Schweiger, M. J.; Riley, B. R.; Vienna, J. D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP McCloy, JS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI McCloy, John/D-3630-2013 OI McCloy, John/0000-0001-7476-7771 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-92729-8 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2010 VL 222 BP 63 EP 76 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BTL64 UT WOS:000287220500007 ER PT S AU Fox, KM Peeler, DK Edwards, TB AF Fox, Kevin M. Peeler, David K. Edwards, Thomas B. BE Fox, K Hoffman, E Manjooran, N Pickrell, G TI NEPHELINE CRYSTALLIZATION IN NUCLEAR WASTE GLASSES SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials Science and Technology 2009 Conference and Exhibition CY OCT 25-29, 2009 CL David L Lawrence Convention Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA SP Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Env Technol Div, ASM Int HO David L Lawrence Convention Ctr AB This study was undertaken in an attempt to reduce known conservatism in a model that relates the composition of a high level waste glass to its propensity for nepheline crystallization Upon slow cooling. Nepheline crystallization is to be avoided since it can reduce the chemical durability of a waste glass. A series of test glass compositions was selected, fabricated and characterized in support of this study. The results continued to identify compositional regions where the model remains conservative; however there was difficulty in identifying relationships among these compositions. An alternative nepheline discriminator was also evaluated but was shown to have difficulty in predicting nepheline crystallization in some of the slowly cooled glasses studied here. Further refinement of the current nepheline discriminator model may be possible using the data collected. C1 [Fox, Kevin M.; Peeler, David K.; Edwards, Thomas B.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Fox, KM (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-92729-8 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2010 VL 222 BP 77 EP 90 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BTL64 UT WOS:000287220500008 ER PT S AU Kobelev, AP Stefanovsky, SV Lebedev, VV Suntsov, DY Polkanov, MA Knyazev, OA Marra, JC AF Kobelev, A. P. Stefanovsky, S. V. Lebedev, V. V. Suntsov, D. Y. Polkanov, M. A. Knyazev, O. A. Marra, J. C. BE Fox, K Hoffman, E Manjooran, N Pickrell, G TI COLD CRUCIBLE VITRIFICATION OF SRS SB4 HLW SURROGATE AT HIGH WASTE LOADINGS SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials Science and Technology 2009 Conference and Exhibition CY OCT 25-29, 2009 CL David L Lawrence Convention Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA SP Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Env Technol Div, ASM Int HO David L Lawrence Convention Ctr AB Savannah River Site (SRS) waste surrogate /additives mixtures at 60 wt.% and 70 wt.% SB4 waste loadings were fed into the SIA Radon bench-scale cold crucible as slurries with water contents of similar to 50 and similar to 70 wt.%. In total, similar to 569.1 kg of feed was vitrified and similar to 186.6 kg of glassy product was produced. Average slurry feed rate (capacity), glass pour rate (productivity) and specific melt productivity achieved were similar to 6.7 kg/hr, similar to 2.2 kg/hr, and similar to 1200 kg/(m(2)xday), respectively. Melting ratio during processing of the slurry with water content of similar to 50 wt.% was lower (similar to 14 kWxhr/kg) as compared with processing of the slurry with higher water content (similar to 70 wt.%) -31-34 kWxhr/kg, because additional heat expenses were spent on water evaporation for the high water content feed. The cold crucible operated for similar to 91 hr. After operation, the cold crucible did not have visible traces of corrosion and was suitable for further operation. The vitrified product obtained in the bench-scale cold crucible was poured into 12 canisters and two portions of the melt at similar to 60 and similar to 70 wt.% waste loading were poured into heat-insulated 1L carbon steel vessels followed by their slow cooling to room temperature. The products sampled from canisters 1 to 6 were composed of amorphous phase and spinet with traces of nepheline. The glassy products poured in canisters 7 to 12 were composed of glass, spinel and nepheline. Leach resistance, viscosity and electric resistivity parameters of the materials restrict maximized SB4 waste loading to similar to 55-60 wt.% for the SB4 feed when processing in the SIA Radon CCIM. C1 [Kobelev, A. P.; Stefanovsky, S. V.; Lebedev, V. V.; Suntsov, D. Y.; Polkanov, M. A.; Knyazev, O. A.] SIA Radon, Moscow, Russia. [Marra, J. C.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Kobelev, AP (reprint author), SIA Radon, Moscow, Russia. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-92729-8 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2010 VL 222 BP 91 EP + PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BTL64 UT WOS:000287220500009 ER PT S AU Shet, S Ahn, KS Nuggehalli, R Yan, YF Deutsch, T Turner, J Al-Jassim, M AF Shet, Sudhakar Ahn, Kwang-Soon Nuggehalli, Ravindra Yan, Yanfa Deutsch, Todd Turner, John Al-Jassim, Mowafak BE Fox, K Hoffman, E Manjooran, N Pickrell, G TI INFLUENCE OF GAS FLOW RATE ON THE FORMATION OF ZnO NANORODS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL RESPONSE SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials Science and Technology 2009 Conference and Exhibition CY OCT 25-29, 2009 CL David L Lawrence Convention Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA SP Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Env Technol Div, ASM Int HO David L Lawrence Convention Ctr ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; THIN-FILMS; WATER; PHOTOCATALYSIS; ENHANCEMENT; ELECTRODES; GROWTH; TIO2 AB ZnO thin films are deposited in pure Ar and mixed Ar and N-2 gas ambient at substrate temperature of 500 degrees C by rf sputtering ZnO targets. All the films were deposited on fluorine doped tin oxide coated glass. We find that the presence of optimum N-2 to Ar ratio in the deposition ambient promotes the formation of well aligned ZnO nanorods. ZnO thin films grown at 25 % N-2 gas flow rate promoted aligned nanorods along c-axis exhibit significantly enhanced photoelectrochemical response, as compared to ZnO thin films grown at other N-2 to Ar gas flow ratios. Our results suggest that chamber ambient is very important for the formation of aligned nanostructures, which offer potential advantages for improving the efficiency of photoelectrochemical water splitting for H-2 production. C1 [Shet, Sudhakar; Yan, Yanfa; Deutsch, Todd; Turner, John; Al-Jassim, Mowafak] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Shet, Sudhakar; Nuggehalli, Ravindra] New Jersey Inst Technol, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Ahn, Kwang-Soon] Yeungnam Univ, Sch Display & Chem Engn, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. RP Shet, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. OI Deutsch, Todd/0000-0001-6577-1226 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-92729-8 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2010 VL 222 BP 267 EP + PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BTL64 UT WOS:000287220500025 ER PT B AU Clements, BE Addessio, FL Plohr, JN AF Clements, B. E. Addessio, F. L. Plohr, J. N. BE Gilat, R BanksSills, L TI The Effect of Inclusions on Phase Transformations in Dynamically Driven Plates SO ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND EXPERIMENTAL METHODS FOR MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES: THE JACOB ABOUDI VOLUME SE Solid Mechanics and its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MICROMECHANICAL ANALYSIS; COMPOSITES; TRANSITION; MODEL; IRON AB A thermodynamically consistent framework for the high-rate deformation of heterogeneous materials is presented. The model includes the effects of plasticity and phase transformations of the constituents. The effects of inclusions on the phase transformation characteristics of dynamically driven, particulate composite materials arc considered. C1 [Clements, B. E.; Plohr, J. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Addessio, F. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Clements, BE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bclements@lanl.gov; addessio@lanl.gov OI Clements, Brad/0000-0002-9664-637X NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-481-3466-3 J9 SOLID MECH APPL PY 2010 VL 168 BP 15 EP 26 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3467-0_2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA BNI19 UT WOS:000274629000002 ER PT B AU Mourad, HM Williams, TO Addessio, FL AF Mourad, Hashem M. Williams, Todd O. Addessio, Francis L. BE Gilat, R BanksSills, L TI A Computational Framework for Multiscale Analysis of Laminated Composite Plates SO ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND EXPERIMENTAL METHODS FOR MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES: THE JACOB ABOUDI VOLUME SE Solid Mechanics and its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DELAMINATION C1 [Mourad, Hashem M.; Williams, Todd O.; Addessio, Francis L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Williams, TO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T3, Mail Stop B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hmourad@lanl.gov; oakhill@lanl.gov; addessio@lanl.gov OI Mourad, Hashem/0000-0003-2621-3867 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-481-3466-3 J9 SOLID MECH APPL PY 2010 VL 168 BP 131 EP 144 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3467-0_10 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA BNI19 UT WOS:000274629000010 ER PT B AU Beyerlein, IJ Porwal, PK Zhu, YTT Xu, XF Phoenix, SL AF Beyerlein, Irene J. Porwal, Pankaj K. Zhu, Yuntian T. Xu, X. Frank Phoenix, S. Leigh BE Gilat, R BanksSills, L TI Probabilistic Strength of Carbon Nanotube Yarns SO ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND EXPERIMENTAL METHODS FOR MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES: THE JACOB ABOUDI VOLUME SE Solid Mechanics and its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TWISTED FIBER-BUNDLES; STATISTICAL-THEORY; FIBROUS COMPOSITES AB Carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns are nanoscale filamentary composites, consisting of thousands of CNTs in cross-section following helical paths at varying angles about the yarn axis. Ranging front 2-20 mu m in diameter and continuous in length, they are a potential replacement for currently available advanced reinforcement fibers. However, due to the statistical variation in the strength of the constituent CNTs and the inhomogeneous yarn microstructure, the strengths and strains-to-failure of CNT yarns vary widely. In this work, analytical and simulation models are applied to predict the relationship between Weibull strength CNTs and the statistical failure behavior of CNT yarns. The strengths of short, dry yarns (no polymer) with and without interfacial friction are predicted to be Gaussian. Such variations in strength are well known to lead to size effects in fibrous composites and other brittle materials. To estimate the effect of yarn length on strength, the statistical strength distribution for longer yarns than simulated is determined using the weakest link concept and presented its a function of yarn gauge length, twist angle, CNT Weibull parameters, and diameter. The resulting distribution is neither Gaussian nor Weibull. It is shown that the mean and variance in yarn strength both decrease with surface twist angle, number of CNTs in cross-section. and gauge length. C1 [Beyerlein, Irene J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Zhu, Yuntian T.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Xu, X. Frank] Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Phoenix, S. Leigh] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Porwal, Pankaj K.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. RP Beyerlein, IJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM irene@lanl.gov; pporwal@iitb.ac.in; ytzhu@ncsu.edu; x.xu@stevens.edu; slp6@cornell.edu NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-481-3466-3 J9 SOLID MECH APPL PY 2010 VL 168 BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3467-0_16 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA BNI19 UT WOS:000274629000016 ER PT J AU Merkli, M Berman, GP Sigal, IM AF Merkli, M. Berman, G. P. Sigal, I. M. TI Resonant Perturbation Theory of Decoherence and Relaxation of Quantum Bits SO ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review AB We describe our recent results on the resonant perturbation theory of decoherence and relaxation for quantum systems with many qubits. The approach represents a rigorous analysis of the phenomenon of decoherence and relaxation for general N-level systems coupled to reservoirs of bosonic fields. We derive a representation of the reduced dynamics valid for all times t >= 0 and for small but fixed interaction strength. Our approach does not involve master equation approximations and applies to a wide variety of systems which are not explicitly solvable. C1 [Merkli, M.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Math & Stat, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. [Berman, G. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sigal, I. M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Math, Toronto, ON M5S 2E4, Canada. RP Merkli, M (reprint author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Math & Stat, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. EM merkli@mun.ca FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA); NSERC [NA 7901, 205247] FX This work was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract no. DE-AC52-06NA25396 and by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract no. DE-AC52-07NA27344. This research was funded by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA). All statements of fact, opinion or conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be constructed as representing the official views or polices of IARPA, the ODNI, or the U.S. Government. I. M. Sigal also acknowledges a support by NSERC under Grant NA 7901. M. Merkli also acknowledges a support by NSERC under Grant 205247. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9120 J9 ADV MATH PHYS JI Adv. Math. Phys. PY 2010 AR 169710 DI 10.1155/2010/169710 PG 20 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA V25FR UT WOS:000208464400001 ER PT J AU Chen, Q Wang, MR Guo, ZY AF Chen, Qun Wang, Moran Guo, Zeng-Yuan TI Field Synergy Principle for Energy Conservation Analysis and Application SO ADVANCES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Optimization of mass and energy transfer process is critical to improve energy efficiency. In this contribution we introduce the field synergy principle as a unified principle for analyzing and improving the performance of the transfer process. Three field synergy numbers are introduced for heat, mass, and momentum transfer, respectively, and three cases are demonstrated for validation. The results indicate that the field synergy numbers will increase when reducing the angle between the velocity vector and the temperature gradient or the species concentration gradient fields in the convective heat or mass transfer, and the overall heat or mass transfer capability is therefore enhanced. In fluid flows, it will reduce the fluid flow drag to decrease the synergy number between the velocity and the velocity gradient fields over the entire domain and to decrease the product between the fluid viscosity and the velocity gradient at the boundary simultaneously. C1 [Wang, Moran] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chen, Qun; Guo, Zeng-Yuan] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Minist Educ, Key Lab Thermal Sci & Power Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Wang, MR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mwang@lanl.gov; demgzy@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Wang, Moran/A-1150-2010 FU National Key Fundamental R&D Program of China [G2007CB206901] FX This work was financially supported by the National Key Fundamental R&D Program of China (Grant no. G2007CB206901). NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 27 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1687-8132 EI 1687-8140 J9 ADV MECH ENG JI Adv. Mech. Eng. PY 2010 AR 129313 DI 10.1155/2010/129313 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA V22YO UT WOS:000208310700001 ER PT J AU Kang, QJ Wang, MR Mukherjee, PP Lichtner, PC AF Kang, Qinjun Wang, Moran Mukherjee, Partha P. Lichtner, Peter C. TI Mesoscopic Modeling of Multiphysicochemical Transport Phenomena in Porous Media SO ADVANCES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB We present our recent progress on mesoscopic modeling of multiphysicochemical transport phenomena in porous media based on the lattice Boltzmann method. Simulation examples include injection of CO2-saturated brine into a limestone rock, two-phase behavior and flooding phenomena in polymer electrolyte fuel cells, and electroosmosis in homogeneously charged porous media. It is shown that the lattice Boltzmann method can account for multiple, coupled physicochemical processes in these systems and can shed some light on the underlying physics occurring at the fundamental scale. Therefore, it can be a potential powerful numerical tool to analyze multiphysicochemical processes in various energy, earth, and environmental systems. C1 [Kang, Qinjun; Wang, Moran; Mukherjee, Partha P.; Lichtner, Peter C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci Grp, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, MR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci Grp, Div Earth & Environm Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mwang@lanl.gov RI Wang, Moran/A-1150-2010; Kang, Qinjun/A-2585-2010 OI Kang, Qinjun/0000-0002-4754-2240 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0431328]; U.S. Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research (BER); Los Alamos National Laboratory [20070760PRD4, 20080727PRD2] FX This article is based on research project supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant no. CHE-0431328 and the U.S. Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research (BER), and by LDRD projects 20070760PRD4 and 20080727PRD2 sponsored by Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 25 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-8132 J9 ADV MECH ENG JI Adv. Mech. Eng. PY 2010 AR 142879 DI 10.1155/2010/142879 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA V22YV UT WOS:000208311400001 ER PT J AU Peterson, GP Li, C Wang, MR Chen, G AF Peterson, G. P. Bud Li, Chen Wang, Moran Chen, Gang TI Micro/Nanotransport Phenomena in Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency SO ADVANCES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Peterson, G. P. Bud] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Li, Chen] Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Wang, Moran] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chen, Gang] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM bud.peterson@gatech.edu RI Chen, Gang/J-1325-2014 OI Chen, Gang/0000-0002-3968-8530 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-8132 J9 ADV MECH ENG JI Adv. Mech. Eng. PY 2010 AR 170590 DI 10.1155/2010/170590 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA V22YW UT WOS:000208311500001 ER PT J AU Jin, JM Lu, SH Li, SS Miller, NL AF Jin, Jiming Lu, Shihua Li, Suosuo Miller, Norman L. TI Impact of Land Use Change on the Local Climate over the Tibetan Plateau SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Observational data show that the remotely sensed leaf area index (LAI) has a significant downward trend over the east Tibetan Plateau (TP), while a warming trend is found in the same area. Further analysis indicates that this warming trend mainly results from the nighttime warming. The Single-Column Atmosphere Model (SCAM) version 3.1 developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research is used to investigate the role of land use change in the TP local climate system and isolate the contribution of land use change to the warming. Two sets of SCAM simulations were performed at the Xinghai station that is located near the center of the TP Sanjiang (three rivers) Nature Reserve where the downward LAI trend is largest. These simulations were forced with the high and low LAIs. The modeling results indicate that, when the LAI changes from high to low, the daytime temperature has a slight decrease, while the nighttime temperature increases significantly, which is consistent with the observations. The modeling results further show that the lower surface roughness length plays a significant role in affecting the nighttime temperature increase. C1 [Jin, Jiming] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci & Plants, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Jin, Jiming] Utah State Univ, Dept Soils, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Jin, Jiming] Utah State Univ, Dept Climate, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Lu, Shihua; Li, Suosuo] Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Miller, Norman L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Miller, Norman L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jin, JM (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci & Plants, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM jimingjin99@gmail.com RI Jin, Jiming/A-9678-2011 FU Utah Agricultural Experiment Station; K. C. Wong Fellowships, Chinese Academy of Sciences FX Support for this work was provided by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station. J. Jin was also supported by K. C. Wong Fellowships, Chinese Academy of Sciences. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 26 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2010 AR 837480 DI 10.1155/2010/837480 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V24IB UT WOS:000208403000045 ER PT J AU Jin, JM Miller, NL Schlegel, N AF Jin, Jiming Miller, Norman L. Schlegel, Nicole TI Sensitivity Study of Four Land Surface Schemes in the WRF Model SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 3.0 developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) includes three land surface schemes: the simple soil thermal diffusion (STD) scheme, the Noah scheme, and the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) scheme. We have recently coupled the sophisticated NCAR Community Land Model version 3 (CLM3) into WRF to better characterize land surface processes. Among these four land surface schemes, the STD scheme is the simplest in both structure and process physics. The Noah and RUC schemes are at the intermediate level of complexity. CLM3 includes the most sophisticated snow, soil, and vegetation physics among these land surface schemes. WRF simulations with all four land surface schemes over the western United States (WUS) were carried out for the 1 October 1995 through 30 September 1996. The results show that land surface processes strongly affect temperature simulations over the (WUS). As compared to observations, WRF-CLM3 with the highest complexity level significantly improves temperature simulations, except for the wintertime maximum temperature. Precipitation is dramatically overestimated by WRF with all four land surface schemes over the (WUS) analyzed in this study and does not show a close relationship with land surface processes. C1 [Jin, Jiming] Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Jin, Jiming] Dept Plants Soils & Climate, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Miller, Norman L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schlegel, Nicole] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Beverley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jin, JM (reprint author), Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM jimingjin99@gmail.com RI Jin, Jiming/A-9678-2011 FU Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA [2008-34610-19175, 2009-34610-19925]; NOAA CPPA [NA090AR4310195] FX Jiming Jin was supported by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA Special Grants no. 2008-34610-19175 and no. 2009-34610-19925. The study was also supported by the NOAA CPPA Grant no. NA090AR4310195. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 43 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2010 AR 167436 DI 10.1155/2010/167436 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V24IB UT WOS:000208403000005 ER PT J AU Satheesh, SK Vinoj, V Krishnamoorthy, K AF Satheesh, S. K. Vinoj, V. Krishnamoorthy, K. TI Assessment of Aerosol Radiative Impact over Oceanic Regions Adjacent to Indian Subcontinent Using Multisatellite Analysis SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Using data from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments, we have retrieved regional distribution of aerosol column single scattering albedo (parameter indicative of the relative dominance of aerosol absorption and scattering effects), a most important, but least understood aerosol property in assessing its climate impact. Consequently we provide improved assessment of short wave aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) (on both regional and seasonal scales) estimates over this region. Large gradients in north-south ARF were observed as a consequence of gradients in single scattering albedo as well as aerosol optical depth. The highest ARF (37Wm(-2) at the surface) was observed over the northern Arabian Sea during June to August period (JJA). In general, ARF was higher over northern Bay of Bengal (NBoB) during winter and premonsoon period, whereas the ARF was higher over northern Arabian Sea (NAS) during the monsoon and postmonsoon period. The largest forcing observed over NAS during JJA is the consequence of large amounts of desert dust transported from the west Asian dust sources. High as well as seasonally invariant aerosol single scattering albedos (similar to 0.98) were observed over the southern Indian Ocean region far from continents. The ARF estimates based on direct measurements made at a remote island location, Minicoy (8.3 degrees N, 73 degrees E) in the southern Arabian Sea are in good agreement with the estimates made following multisatellite analysis. C1 [Satheesh, S. K.] Indian Inst Sci, Divecha Ctr Climate Change, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Vinoj, V.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Krishnamoorthy, K.] Vikram Sarabhai Space Ctr, Space Phys Lab, Thiruvananthapuram 695022, Kerala, India. RP Satheesh, SK (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Divecha Ctr Climate Change, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. EM profsks@gmail.com RI Vinoj, V./C-3241-2008 OI Vinoj, V./0000-0001-8573-6073 FU Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi FX One of the authors (S. K. Satheesh) would like to thank Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi for the Swarna Jayanti Fellowship. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2010 AR 139186 DI 10.1155/2010/139186 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V24IB UT WOS:000208403000002 ER PT J AU Wehner, MF Bala, G Duffy, P Mirin, AA Romano, R AF Wehner, Michael F. Bala, G. Duffy, Phillip Mirin, Arthur A. Romano, Raquel TI Towards Direct Simulation of Future Tropical Cyclone Statistics in a High-Resolution Global Atmospheric Model SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB We present a set of high-resolution global atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations focusing on the model's ability to represent tropical storms and their statistics. We find that the model produces storms of hurricane strength with realistic dynamical features. We also find that tropical storm statistics are reasonable, both globally and in the north Atlantic, when compared to recent observations. The sensitivity of simulated tropical storm statistics to increases in sea surface temperature (SST) is also investigated, revealing that a credible late 21st century SST increase produced increases in simulated tropical storm numbers and intensities in all ocean basins. While this paper supports previous high-resolution model and theoretical findings that the frequency of very intense storms will increase in a warmer climate, it differs notably from previous medium and high-resolution model studies that show a global reduction in total tropical storm frequency. However, we are quick to point out that this particular model finding remains speculative due to a lack of radiative forcing changes in our time-slice experiments as well as a focus on the Northern hemisphere tropical storm seasons. C1 [Wehner, Michael F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bala, G.] Indian Inst Sci, Ctr Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Divecha Ctr Climate Change, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Duffy, Phillip] Climate Cent Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94301 USA. [Mirin, Arthur A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Romano, Raquel] Google Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Wehner, MF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS50F, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mfwehner@lbl.gov FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; DOE Earth System Modeling Program; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) [DE-AC03-76SF00098 (LBNL)] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) under Contract no. DE-AC03-76SF00098 (LBNL) and by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and with support from the DOE Earth System Modeling Program. The authors are grateful for advice from Joseph Sirutis (GFDL), Michael Fiorino (NOAA), and Benjamin Santer (LLNL). The authors thank the National Center for Energy Research (NERSC) for a generous preacceptance allocation of computational resources. NR 47 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2010 AR 915303 DI 10.1155/2010/915303 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V24IB UT WOS:000208403000046 ER PT S AU Baker, KL AF Baker, K. L. BE Assoufid, L Takacs, PZ Asundi, AK TI Characterization of the DT Ice Layer in a Fusion Capsule Using a Two-Dimensional X-Ray Shearing Interferometer SO ADVANCES IN METROLOGY FOR X-RAY AND EUV OPTICS III SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Metrology for X-Ray and EUV Optics III CY AUG 01-02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Metrology; X-rays; shearing interferometer; wave-front sensing AB This article presents the design and simulated performance of a two-dimensional x-ray shearing interferometer wavefront sensor. In particular, this phase sensitive x-ray wavefront sensor is evaluated for its ability to perform metrology on the DT ice layer in an inertial confinement fusion capsule. The interferometer uses crossed phase gratings in a single plane and is capable of operation over a wide range of x-ray energies by varying the grating material and thickness. The wave-front sensor is insensitive to vibrations and, unlike X-RayTalbot interferometers, recovers the full two-dimensional phase profile of the x-ray beam rather than the gradient in only one dimension. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Baker, KL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8297-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7801 AR 78010F DI 10.1117/12.859932 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BTQ95 UT WOS:000287816500012 ER PT S AU Barber, SK Morrison, GY Yashchuk, VV Gubarev, MV Geckeler, RD Buchheim, J Siewert, F Zeschke, T AF Barber, Samuel K. Morrison, Gregory Y. Yashchuk, Valeriy V. Gubarev, Mikhail V. Geckeler, Ralf D. Buchheim, Jana Siewert, Frank Zeschke, Thomas BE Assoufid, L Takacs, PZ Asundi, AK TI Developmental long trace profiler using optimally aligned mirror based pentaprism SO ADVANCES IN METROLOGY FOR X-RAY AND EUV OPTICS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Metrology for X-Ray and EUV Optics III CY AUG 01-02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE optical metrology; surface slope metrology; long trace profiler; LTP; develomental LTP; pentaprism; mirror based pentaprism; alignment ID OPTICS AB A low-budget surface slope measuring instrument, the Developmental Long Trace Profiler (DLTP), was recently brought into operation at the Advanced Light Source Optical Metrology Laboratory [Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 616, 212-223 (2010)]. The instrument is based on a precisely calibrated autocollimator and a movable pentaprism. The capability of the DLTP to achieve sub-microradian surface slope metrology has been verified via cross-comparison measurements with other high-performance slope measuring instruments when measuring the same high-quality test optics. In the present work, a further improvement of the DLTP is achieved by replacing the existing bulk pentaprism with a specially designed mirror based pentaprism. A mirror based pentaprism offers the possibility to eliminate systematic errors introduced by inhomogeneity of the optical material and fabrication imperfections of a bulk pentaprism. We provide the details of the mirror based pentaprism design and describe an original experimental procedure for precision mutual alignment of the mirrors. The algorithm of the alignment procedure and its efficiency are verified with rigorous ray tracing simulations. Results of measurements of a spherically curved test mirror and a flat test mirror using the original bulk pentaprism are compared with measurements using the new mirror based pentaprism, demonstrating the improved performance. C1 [Barber, Samuel K.; Morrison, Gregory Y.; Yashchuk, Valeriy V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Barber, SK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vvyashchuk@lbl.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8297-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7801 AR 780103 DI 10.1117/12.859925 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BTQ95 UT WOS:000287816500001 ER PT S AU McKinney, WR Anders, M Barber, SK Domning, EE Lou, YN Morrison, GY Salmassi, F Smith, BV Yashchuk, VV AF McKinney, Wayne R. Anders, Mark Barber, Samuel K. Domning, Edward E. Lou, Yunian Morrison, Gregory Y. Salmassi, Farhad Smith, Brian V. Yashchuk, Valeriy V. BE Assoufid, L Takacs, PZ Asundi, AK TI Studies in Optimal Configuration of the LTP SO ADVANCES IN METROLOGY FOR X-RAY AND EUV OPTICS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Metrology for X-Ray and EUV Optics III CY AUG 01-02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE slope measurement; LTP; long trace profiler; optical metrology; x-ray optics; synchrotron radiation; beamline ID LONG TRACE PROFILER; OPTICS AB Brightness preservation requirements for ever brighter synchrotron radiation and free electron laser beamlines require surface slope tolerances of x-ray optics on the order of 0.2 mu rad, or better. Hence, the accuracy of dedicated surface slope metrology must be 0.1 mu rad, or even less. Achieving this level of measurement accuracy with the flagship instrument at synchrotron radiation metrology laboratories, the Long Trace Profiler (LTP), requires all significant sources of systematic, random, and instrumental drift errors to be identified, and reduced or eliminated. In this respect, the performance of certain components of the Advanced Light Source LTP-II design [Kirschman, et al., Proc. SPIE, 7077, 70770A-12 (2008)] is analyzed, considering the principal justification for inclusion of each component, possible systematic error due to the quality of its optical material, and drift effects due to generated heat, etc. We investigate the effects of replacement of the existing diode laser with a fiber-coupled laser light source, and demonstrate that reducing the number of components by using a single beam on the surface under test (SUT), rather than an original double beam maintains, or even improves the accuracy of measurement with our LTP. Based on the performance of the upgraded LTP, we trace the further steps for improving of the LTP optical system. C1 [McKinney, Wayne R.; Anders, Mark; Barber, Samuel K.; Domning, Edward E.; Lou, Yunian; Morrison, Gregory Y.; Salmassi, Farhad; Smith, Brian V.; Yashchuk, Valeriy V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McKinney, WR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mailstop 2R0400,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wrmckinney@lbl.gov RI yu, yan/C-2322-2012; McKinney, Wayne/F-2027-2014 OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8297-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7801 AR 780106 DI 10.1117/12.861401 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BTQ95 UT WOS:000287816500004 ER PT S AU Qian, J Assoufid, L Liu, C Shi, B Liu, W AF Qian, J. Assoufid, L. Liu, C. Shi, B. Liu, W. BE Assoufid, L Takacs, PZ Asundi, AK TI Surface profile measurement of KB mirrors using Fizeau laser interferometer SO ADVANCES IN METROLOGY FOR X-RAY AND EUV OPTICS III SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Metrology for X-Ray and EUV Optics III CY AUG 01-02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Fizeau interferometer; stitching interferometer; KB mirror; profile coating AB Fizeau interferometer is the most commonly used interferometer for testing optical components. The aim of this work is to apply this technique to the measurement of elliptical Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) mirrors during their fabrication process. KB mirrors are widely used at synchrotron radiation facilities around the world for x-ray focusing. Fizeau interferometer can provide accurate measurements for KB mirrors. Recently a KB mirror that can focus X-ray down to 150 nm has been fabricated in the Argonne National Laboratory. C1 [Qian, J.; Assoufid, L.; Liu, C.; Shi, B.; Liu, W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Qian, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8297-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7801 AR 78010K DI 10.1117/12.860760 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BTQ95 UT WOS:000287816500014 ER PT S AU Yashchuk, VV Anderson, EH Barber, SK Bouet, N Cambie, R Conley, R McKinney, WR Takacs, PZ Voronov, DL AF Yashchuk, Valeriy V. Anderson, Erik H. Barber, Samuel K. Bouet, Nathalie Cambie, Rossana Conley, Raymond McKinney, Wayne R. Takacs, Peter Z. Voronov, Dmitriy L. BE Assoufid, L Takacs, PZ Asundi, AK TI Calibration of the modulation transfer function of surface profilometers with binary pseudo-random test standards: Expanding the application range SO ADVANCES IN METROLOGY FOR X-RAY AND EUV OPTICS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Metrology for X-Ray and EUV Optics III CY AUG 01-02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE surface metrology; surface profilometer; interferometric microscope; modulation transfer function; power spectral density; calibration; error reduction; fabrication tolerances; metrology of x-ray optics ID CROSS-CORRELATION CHOPPER; UNIFORMLY REDUNDANT ARRAYS; OF-FLIGHT SPECTROMETER; INTERFEROMETRY; ROUGHNESS AB A modulation transfer function (MTF) calibration method based on binary pseudo-random (BPR) gratings and arrays [Proc. SPIE 7077-7 (2007), Opt. Eng. 47(7), 073602-1-5 (2008)] has been proven to be an effective MTF calibration method for a number of interferometric microscopes and a scatterometer [Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 616, 172-82 (2010]. Here we report on a significant expansion of the application range of the method. We describe the MTF calibration of a 6 inch phase shifting Fizeau interferometer. Beyond providing a direct measurement of the interferometer's MTF, tests with a BPR array surface have revealed an asymmetry in the instrument's data processing algorithm that fundamentally limits its bandwidth. Moreover, the tests have illustrated the effects of the instrument's detrending and filtering procedures on power spectral density measurements. The details of the development of a BPR test sample suitable for calibration of scanning and transmission electron microscopes are also presented. Such a test sample is realized as a multilayer structure with the layer thicknesses of two materials corresponding to BPR sequence. The investigations confirm the universal character of the method that makes it applicable to a large variety of metrology instrumentation with spatial wavelength bandwidths from a few nanometers to hundreds of millimeters. C1 [Yashchuk, Valeriy V.; Anderson, Erik H.; Barber, Samuel K.; Cambie, Rossana; McKinney, Wayne R.; Voronov, Dmitriy L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yashchuk, VV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vvyashchuk@lbl.gov RI Conley, Ray/C-2622-2013; McKinney, Wayne/F-2027-2014; OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139; Bouet, Nathalie/0000-0002-5816-9429 NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8297-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7801 AR 78010B DI 10.1117/12.860049 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BTQ95 UT WOS:000287816500008 ER PT S AU Yuan, S Goldberg, KA Yashchuk, VV Celestre, R Mochi, I Macdougall, J Morrison, GY Smith, BV Domning, EE McKinney, WR Warwick, T AF Yuan, Sheng Goldberg, Kenneth A. Yashchuk, Valeriy V. Celestre, Richard Mochi, Iacopo Macdougall, James Morrison, Gregory Y. Smith, Brian V. Domning, Edward E. McKinney, Wayne R. Warwick, Tony BE Assoufid, L Takacs, PZ Asundi, AK TI At-wavelength Optical Metrology Development at the ALS SO ADVANCES IN METROLOGY FOR X-RAY AND EUV OPTICS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Metrology for X-Ray and EUV Optics III CY AUG 01-02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE at-wavelength; optical metrology; nano-focusing; mirror alignment; slope measurement; interferometer; x-ray optics; synchrotron radiation AB Nano-focusing and brightness preservation for ever brighter synchrotron radiation and free electron laser beamlines require surface slope tolerances of x-ray optics on the order of 100 nrad. While the accuracy of fabrication and ex situ metrology of x-ray mirrors has improved over time, beamline in situ performance of the optics is often limited by application specific factors such as x-ray beam heat loading, temperature drift, alignment, vibration, etc. In the present work, we discuss the recent results from the Advanced Light Source developing high accuracy, in situ, at-wavelength wavefront measurement techniques to surpass 100-nrad accuracy surface slope measurements with reflecting x-ray optics. The techniques will ultimately allow closed-loop feedback systems to be implemented for x-ray nano-focusing. In addition, we present a dedicated metrology beamline endstation, applicable to a wide range of in situ metrology and test experiments. The design and performance of a bendable Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) mirror with active temperature stabilization will also be presented. The mirror is currently used to study, refine, and optimize in situ mirror alignment, bending and metrology methods essential for nano-focusing application. C1 [Yuan, Sheng; Yashchuk, Valeriy V.; Celestre, Richard; McKinney, Wayne R.; Warwick, Tony] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yuan, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM shyuan1977@gmail.com RI McKinney, Wayne/F-2027-2014 OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8297-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7801 AR 78010D DI 10.1117/12.859946 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BTQ95 UT WOS:000287816500010 ER PT J AU Gaines, D Baker, GS Hubbard, SS Watson, D Brooks, S Jardine, P AF Gaines, David Baker, Gregory S. Hubbard, Susan S. Watson, David Brooks, Scott Jardine, Phil BE Miller, RD Holliger, K Bradford, JH TI Detecting Perched Water Bodies Using Surface-seismic Time-lapse Traveltime Tomography SO ADVANCES IN NEAR-SURFACE SEISMOLOGY AND GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR SE Geophysical Developments Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Advances in Near-Surface Seismology and Ground-Penetrating Radar held during the SEG Annual Meeting CY OCT 25-30, 2009 CL Houston, TX SP SEG ID INVERSION; REFLECTION; SATURATION; AQUIFER; SAND AB Applications of seismic time-lapse techniques generally are constrained to large-scale investigations associated with petroleum exploration and exploitation. There is growing interest in using geophysical methods to monitor near-surface phenomena, such as fluid flow in fractured or karstic bedrock, hydraulic infiltration, and anthropogenic manipulations during environmental remediation. Previous near-surface geophysical time-lapse studies have focused on electrical or electromagnetic (EM) techniques (including ground-penetrating radar) or borehole methods. To evaluate the utility of surface seismic time-lapse traveltime tomography, a site was monitored through time along a single 2D profile. The objective was to attribute increases in seismic P-wave velocity with the development of perched water bodies in the upper 4 m of the subsurface. The study was conducted in the Y-12 area of Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee, U.S.A., in conjunction with a broader multidisciplinary investigation on the fate and transport of contaminants. Because of previous anthropogenic alterations of the site associated with remediation efforts (e.g., replacing as much as 7 m of contaminated soil with poorly sorted limestone gravel fill during construction of a seepage basin cap), the near-surface hydrogeology was extremely heterogeneous and was hypothesized to have a large influence on differential infiltration, contaminant distribution, and contaminant remobilization. The seismic data were processed using a wavepath eikonal traveltime (WET) tomography approach, and a modified trend-analysis technique was applied to remove the larger spatial component associated with geologic variability. The final "residual" velocity-anomaly images were compared with wellbore hydrologic data and error analyses and were used to interpret the presence and geometry of perched water in the shallow subsurface. The study suggests that velocity estimates obtained from surface-seismic traveltime tomography methods are effective for indicating the spatial and temporal distribution of perched water bodies at the Oak Ridge site in the upper 4 m of the subsurface. C1 [Gaines, David; Baker, Gregory S.] Univ Tennessee, Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hubbard, Susan S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Watson, David; Brooks, Scott] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jardine, Phil] Univ Tennessee, Biosyst Engn & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Gaines, D (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dgaines1@utk.edu; gbaker@utk.edu; sshubbard@lbl.gov; watsondb@ornl.gov; brookssc@ornl.gov; pjardine@tennessee.edu RI Watson, David/C-3256-2016; Hubbard, Susan/E-9508-2010 OI Watson, David/0000-0002-4972-4136; NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA PO BOX 702740, TULSA, OK 74170 USA BN 978-1-56080-224-2 J9 GEOPHYS DEV SER PY 2010 VL 15 BP 415 EP 428 DI 10.1190/1.9781560802259.ch25 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA BC3UQ UT WOS:000352001900026 ER PT B AU MacKerrow, EP Watkins, JH AF MacKerrow, Edward P. Watkins, Jennifer H. BE Vink, P Kantola, J TI Measuring Cross-Cultural Stimulus-Responses on the Internet SO ADVANCES IN OCCUPATIONAL, SOCIAL, AND ORGANIZATIONAL ERGONOMICS SE Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE blog analysis; Internet social science; attitude diffusion; opinion swarms; weblog; web analytics AB The Internet is now an accepted form of discourse around the world on subjects ranging from the mundane to the serious. Weblogs, chat rooms, and forums provide a new source of data on attitude diffusion and opinions to events across the world. In addition to providing valuable data for social science research, the Internet is allowing new forms of social and political behavior to occur. In this paper we present initial research on measuring the rate of Internet activity to key events over time. We present measurements of stimulus-response temporal dynamics using open-source free web analysis tools. C1 [MacKerrow, Edward P.; Watkins, Jennifer H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Applicat & Technol Div, Ctr Anal Emerging Threats, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP MacKerrow, EP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Applicat & Technol Div, Ctr Anal Emerging Threats, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-3509-8 J9 ADV HUM FACT ERG SER JI ADV. HUMAN FACT. ERG. SER PY 2010 BP 59 EP 69 PG 11 WC Ergonomics SC Engineering GA BSY33 UT WOS:000286106600008 ER PT J AU Johnston, DC AF Johnston, David C. TI The puzzle of high temperature superconductivity in layered iron pnictides and chalcogenides SO ADVANCES IN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SPIN-DENSITY-WAVE; ZRCUSIAS-TYPE-STRUCTURE; INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; FE-57 MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC PHASE-DIAGRAM; FE-BASED SUPERCONDUCTORS; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RARE-EARTH; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES AB The response of the worldwide scientific community to the discovery in 2008 of superconductivity at Tc = 26 K in the Fe-based compound LaFeAsO1-xFx has been very enthusiastic. In short order, other Fe-based superconductors with the same or related crystal structures were discovered with Tc up to 56 K. Many experiments were carried out and theories formulated to try to understand the basic properties of these new materials and the mechanism for Tc. In this selective critical review of the experimental literature, we distill some of this extensive body of work, and discuss relationships between different types of experiments on these materials with reference to theoretical concepts and models. The experimental normal-state properties are emphasized, and within these the electronic and magnetic properties because of the likelihood of an electronic/magnetic mechanism for superconductivity in these materials. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Johnston, DC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM johnston@ameslab.gov RI Mushiake, Maki/A-2925-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; Iowa State University [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX The author is grateful to the following colleagues for providing figures: Jeffrey Lynn (Figure 2), Andreas Kreyssig [Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2 phase diagram in Figure 5], Adam Kaminski (Figure 13), Norman Mannella (Figure 21), Danel Orobengoa (Figure 14), Christopher Homes (Figure 24), Takashi Imai (Figure 33), Robert McQueeney (Figure 51), Yunping Wang (Figure 69), Andrew Christianson (top two panels of Figure 75), Rafael Fernandes (Figure 78), and Ulrich Welp for sending the data for the bottom panel of Figure 87. The author also thanks colleagues and collaborators for helpful discussions, especially Dimitri Basov, Elbio Dagotto, Leonardo Degiorgi, Rafael Fernandez, Alan Goldman, Philipp Hansmann, Bruce Harmon, Dmytro Inosov, Adam Kaminski, Vladimir Kogan, David Lynch, Igor Mazin, Robert McQueeney, Danel Orobengoa, Ruslan Prozorov, David Singh, David Vaknin, and Dan Wu. Special thanks go to Andreas Kreyssig for many discussions clarifying the crystallographic and magnetic structures and the reciprocal lattices of the Fe-based superconductors, and to Thomas Timusk and Christopher Homes for clarifying the units conventions used by the CMP optics community and for clarifying various aspects of optical properties. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. The research was preformed at the Ames Laboratory. Ames Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 602 TC 979 Z9 991 U1 39 U2 407 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0001-8732 EI 1460-6976 J9 ADV PHYS JI Adv. Phys. PY 2010 VL 59 IS 6 BP 803 EP 1061 AR PII 927730316 DI 10.1080/00018732.2010.513480 PG 259 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 660YA UT WOS:000282683200001 ER PT S AU Maxwell, RS Gee, RH Baumann, T Lacevic, N Herberg, JL Chinn, SC AF Maxwell, Robert S. Gee, Richard H. Baumann, Theodore Lacevic, Naida Herberg, Julie L. Chinn, Sarah C. BE Clarson, SJ Owen, MJ Smith, SD VanDyke, ME TI Characterization of Complex Engineering Silicones by H-1 Multiple Quantum NMR and Large Scale Molecular Dynamics Simulations SO ADVANCES IN SILICONES AND SILICONE-MODIFIED MATERIALS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Silicones and Silicone-Modified Materials Symposium CY SEP 10-14, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc, Proctor & Gamble, Amer Chem Soc ID POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE) NETWORK; FORCE-FIELDS; POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE; HETEROGENEITIES; SPECTROSCOPY; DERIVATION; EQUATION AB Static H-1 Multiple Quantum Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MQ-NMR) and large scale Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations have been used to understand structure property relationships in silicone networks with bi- and tri-modal topology and with both micro- and nano-scale inorganic fillers. The MQ-NMR method characterizes the residual dipolar couplings of the silicone chains that depend on the average molecular weight between physical or chemical constraints. The MQ-NMR experiments allow for quantitative characterization of network structure in these crosslinked and filled systems. Large scale MD simulations have allowed for the characterization of structural perturbations due to the presence of filler particles and the effect of such particles on the composite elastomer's response to strain. Specifically, the polymer-filler network is shown to mitigate the risk of cavitation in the network under tensile strain. C1 [Maxwell, Robert S.; Gee, Richard H.; Baumann, Theodore; Lacevic, Naida; Herberg, Julie L.; Chinn, Sarah C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Maxwell, RS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM maxwell7@linl.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2559-6 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2010 VL 1051 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1021/bk-2010-1051.ch007 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BAQ72 UT WOS:000305197500007 ER PT S AU Meek, TT Gwathney, K Narula, CK Walker, LR AF Meek, Thomas T. Gwathney, K. Narula, Chaitanya K. Walker, L. R. BE Bordia, RK Olevsky, EA TI HIGH DENSITY GREEN PELLETS OF ZRN FABRICATED BY PARTICLE PROCESSING SO ADVANCES IN SINTERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Sintering CY NOV 16-20, 2009 CL La Jolla, CA SP Amer Ceram Soc ID ZIRCONIUM; PRODUCTS; SIZE AB Fabrication of nitride nuclear fuels has generally been not successful due to instability of nitrides loss of americium nitride during the high temperature sintering process, (private communication with K. McClellan of Los Alamos National Laboratory) under hot pressing or conventional 1 atm sintering conditions to make net shapes. A low temperature-processing route that enables near net shapes in almost theoretical density is highly desirable. In order to carry out low-temperature pressing, it is necessary to synthesize nitride materials with controlled particle size. A compact made of the right mix of particles can be pressed at room-temperature to near theoretical density. In order to achieve controlled nitride powder synthesis, we are developing ceramic precursor processing that has been shown to offer unique advantages over conventional synthesis of advanced materials. In general, the precursors for metal nitrides already contain M-N bonds that are terminated into organic groups. A majority of these precursors are soluble in organic solvents enabling synthesis of powders. A major benefit of ceramic precursor processing is that the nano-particles of metal nitrides can be easily synthesized. These nano-particles can then be converted to particles of various sizes under carefully controlled thermal conditions. These powders have been blended to form bimodal distribution. Trimodal and continuous distributions are also under study. We should then be able to use these blends to isostatically press or uniaxial press samples to the desired fractional density (85%) at room temperature C1 [Meek, Thomas T.; Gwathney, K.; Narula, Chaitanya K.] Univ Tennessee, 434 Dougherty Engn Bld, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Narula, Chaitanya K.; Walker, L. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, MST Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Meek, TT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, 434 Dougherty Engn Bld, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-40849-0 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2010 VL 209 BP 21 EP + PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BTL74 UT WOS:000287222500003 ER PT S AU Eliassi-Rad, T Henderson, K AF Eliassi-Rad, Tina Henderson, Keith BE Chai, SK Salerno, JJ Mabry, PL TI Literature Search through Mixed-Membership Community Discovery SO ADVANCES IN SOCIAL COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Social Computing, Behavioral Modeling and Prediction CY MAR 30-31, 2010 CL Bethesda, MD DE Literature search; mixed-membership; community discovery ID VIRUS AB We introduce a new approach to literature search that is based on finding mixed-membership communities on an augmented coauthorship graph (ACA) with a scalable generative model. An ACA graph contains two types of edges: (1) coauthorship links and (2) links between researchers with substantial expertise overlap. Our solution eliminates the biases introduced by either looking at citations of a paper or doing a Web search. A case study on PubMed shows the benefits of our approach. C1 [Eliassi-Rad, Tina; Henderson, Keith] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Eliassi-Rad, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-560, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM eliassi@llnl.gov; keith@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-12078-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6007 BP 70 EP 78 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPW01 UT WOS:000280121900009 ER PT S AU Colbaugh, R Glass, K Ormerod, P AF Colbaugh, Richard Glass, Kristin Ormerod, Paul BE Chai, SK Salerno, JJ Mabry, PL TI Predictability and Prediction for an Experimental Cultural Market SO ADVANCES IN SOCIAL COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Social Computing, Behavioral Modeling and Prediction CY MAR 30-31, 2010 CL Bethesda, MD DE Social dynamics; prediction; theoretical analysis; empirical analysis AB Individuals are often influenced by the behavior of others, for instance because they wish to obtain the benefits of coordinated actions or infer otherwise inaccessible information. In such situations this social influence decreases the ex ante predictability of the ensuing social dynamics. We claim that, interestingly, these same social forces can increase the extent to which the outcome of a social process can be predicted very early in the process. This paper explores this claim through a theoretical and empirical analysis of the experimental music market described and analyzed in [1]. We propose a very simple model for this music market, assess the predictability of market outcomes through formal analysis of the model, and use insights derived through this analysis to develop algorithms for predicting market share winners, and their ultimate market shares, in the very early stages of the market. The utility of these predictive algorithms is illustrated through analysis of the experimental music market data sets [2]. C1 [Colbaugh, Richard] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Glass, Kristin] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM USA. [Ormerod, Paul] Volterra Consulting, London, England. RP Colbaugh, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rcolbau@sandia.gov; kglass@icasa.nmt.edu; pormerod@volterra.co.uk FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security; U.S. Department of Defense; Laboratory Directed Research; Development program at Sandia National Laboratories FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, the U.S. Department of Defense, and the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-12078-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6007 BP 79 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPW01 UT WOS:000280121900010 ER PT S AU Scholand, AJ Tausczik, YR Pennebaker, JW AF Scholand, Andrew J. Tausczik, Yla R. Pennebaker, James W. BE Chai, SK Salerno, JJ Mabry, PL TI Assessing Group Interaction with Social Language Network Analysis SO ADVANCES IN SOCIAL COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Social Computing, Behavioral Modeling and Prediction CY MAR 30-31, 2010 CL Bethesda, MD DE social language processing; social network analysis; network structure; communication; content analysis; group AB In this paper we discuss a new methodology, social language network analysis (SLNA), that combines tools from social language processing and network analysis to assess socially situated working relationships within a group. Specifically, SLNA aims to identify and characterize the nature of working relationships by processing artifacts generated with computer-mediated communication systems, such as instant message texts or emails. Because social language processing is able to identify psychological, social, and emotional processes that individuals are not able to fully mask, social language network analysis can clarify and highlight complex interdependencies between group members, even when these relationships are latent or unrecognized. C1 [Scholand, Andrew J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Tausczik, Yla R.; Pennebaker, James W.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Psychol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Scholand, AJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ajschol@sandia.gov; tausczik@mail.utexas.edu; pennebaker@mail.utexas.edu FU Army Research Institute [W91WAW-07-C-0029]; Sandia Laboratory Directed Research & Development Seniors Council FX Thanks to the Army Research Institute (W91WAW-07- C-0029) and the Sandia Laboratory Directed Research & Development Seniors Council for the funding that made this publication possible. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-12078-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6007 BP 248 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPW01 UT WOS:000280121900029 ER PT S AU Stiles, E Cui, XH AF Stiles, Everett Cui, Xiaohui BE Chai, SK Salerno, JJ Mabry, PL TI Workings of Collective Intelligence within Open Source Communities SO ADVANCES IN SOCIAL COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Social Computing, Behavioral Modeling and Prediction CY MAR 30-31, 2010 CL Bethesda, MD DE open source software; developers; collective intelligence; sourceforge; concurrent versions system ID SOFTWARE; MOTIVATION AB Open source communities have been of great interest for researchers recently, yet little can be agreed upon when it comes to developers motives. While it has been shown that participants are mostly driven to contribute based on work related needs, it has also been shown that they contribute to fulfill an ideological purpose. We believe that the majority of participants contribute to satisfy their own personal goals. We reveal how developers function as a collective intelligence by modeling the open source community as a disjoint group of contributors. We show that most developers contribute to only one project and only to a small portion of its source code. We demonstrated that useful functionality of most OSS software is an emergent phenomenon created by a collection of developers with different motivations and personal goals. C1 [Stiles, Everett] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stiles, E (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM estiles@utk.edu; cuix@ornl.gov FU Lockheed Martin Corporation Shared Vision fund and Oak Ridge National Laboratory Seed Money fund [32102276] FX This research was done at Oak Ridge National Laboratory as part of the Department of Energys Internship program. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle LLC for the US Department of Energy under contract number DEAC05-00OR22725. This work was supported in part by the Lockheed Martin Corporation Shared Vision fund and Oak Ridge National Laboratory Seed Money fund (3210-2276). The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the Department of Energy or the United States government. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DEAC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-12078-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6007 BP 282 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPW01 UT WOS:000280121900033 ER PT S AU Whitney, P Walsh, S AF Whitney, Paul Walsh, Stephen BE Chai, SK Salerno, JJ Mabry, PL TI Calibrating Bayesian Network Representations of Social-Behavioral Models SO ADVANCES IN SOCIAL COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Social Computing, Behavioral Modeling and Prediction CY MAR 30-31, 2010 CL Bethesda, MD DE Computational social science; calibration AB While human behavior has long been studied, recent and ongoing advances in computational modeling present opportunities for recasting research outcomes in human behavior. In this paper we describe how Bayesian networks can represent outcomes of human behavior research. We demonstrate a Bayesian network that represents political radicalization research - and show a corresponding visual representation of aspects of this research outcome. Since Bayesian networks can be quantitatively compared with external observations, the representation can also be used for empirical assessments of the research which the network summarizes. For a political radicalization model based on published research, we show this empirical comparison with data taken from the Minorities at Risk Organizational Behaviors database. C1 [Whitney, Paul; Walsh, Stephen] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Whitney, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM paul.whitney@pnl.gov; stephen.walsh@pnl.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-12078-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6007 BP 338 EP 345 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPW01 UT WOS:000280121900040 ER PT S AU Gallagher, B Eliassi-Rad, T AF Gallagher, Brian Eliassi-Rad, Tina BE Giles, L Smith, M Yen, J Zhang, HZ TI Leveraging Label-Independent Features for Classification in Sparsely Labeled Networks: An Empirical Study SO ADVANCES IN SOCIAL NETWORK MINING AND ANALYSIS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Social Network Analysis (SNAKDD 2008) CY AUG 24-27, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV DE Statistical relational learning; semi-supervised learning; social network analysis; feature extraction; collective classification AB We address the problem of within-network classification in sparsely labeled networks Recent work has demonstrated success with statistical relational learning (SRL) and semi-supervised learning (SSL) on such problems However; both approaches rely on the availability of labeled nodes to infer the values of missing labels When few labels are available; the performance of these approaches can degrade In addition, many such approaches are sensitive to the specific set of nodes labeled So; although average performance may be acceptable, the performance on a specific task may not We explore a complimentary approach to within-network classification, based on the use of label-independent (LI) features i.e., features calculated without using the values of class labels While previous work has made sonic use of LE features; the effects of these features on classification performance have not been extensively studied Here, we present an empirical study in order to better understand these effects Through experiments on several real-world data sets, we show that the use of LI features produces classifiers that are less sensitive to specific label assignments and can lead to performance improvements of over 40% for both SRL- and SSL-based classifiers We also examine the relative utility of individual LI features, and show that, in many cases, it is a combination of a few diverse network-based structural characteristics that is most informative C1 [Gallagher, Brian; Eliassi-Rad, Tina] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Gallagher, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-560, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-14928-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 5498 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1109/AOM.2010.5713574 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BRJ49 UT WOS:000282834900001 ER PT S AU Gemmen, R Abernathy, H Gerdes, K Koslowske, M McPhee, WA Tao, T AF Gemmen, Randall Abernathy, Harry Gerdes, Kirk Koslowske, Mark McPhee, William A. Tao, Tomas BE Bansal, NP Singh, P TI FUNDAMENTALS OF LIQUID TIN ANODE SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL (LTA-SOFC) OPERATION SO ADVANCES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS V SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 18-23, 2009 CL Daytona Beach, FL ID OXYGEN; DIFFUSION; METALS; SN AB An alternative high temperature fuel cell system, called Liquid Tin Anode Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (LTA-SOFC) technology, is presently under consideration by NETL given its ability to directly convert coal. Before such a fuel cell concept can be considered in system studies for commercial development, a detailed assessment for the electrochemical activity and oxygen diffusion within the liquid tin is needed. In addition, the fundamental thermodynamic operation of such a concept needs to be properly analyzed. In the present work, initial research efforts to characterize the tin electrochemistry on a button cell at 900 degrees C and with a tin thickness of 6mm show that both the temperature and the fuel type control the EIS signatures, and, hence, the various overpotentials present. Preliminary analysis of the data also suggests an effective oxygen diffusion coefficient of about 1E-3 cm(2)/s for the conditions tested, giving evidence that the process is not purely diffiisional through the anode. A detailed model that includes the multiple coupled reaction and transport mechanisms present will be required in order to describe oxygen transport in the tin. C1 [Gemmen, Randall; Abernathy, Harry; Gerdes, Kirk] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Gemmen, R (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-45754-2 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 4 BP 37 EP 52 DI 10.1002/9780470584316.ch3 PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BQI70 UT WOS:000281125900003 ER PT S AU Liu, WN Sun, X Koeppel, B Khaleel, MA AF Liu, W. N. Sun, X. Koeppel, B. Khaleel, M. A. BE Bansal, NP Singh, P TI CREEP BEHAVIOR OF GLASS/CERAMIC SEALANT USED IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS SO ADVANCES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS V SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 18-23, 2009 CL Daytona Beach, FL AB Creep deformation of glass sealant used in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) under operating temperature is not negligible. The goal of the study is to develop a creep model to capture the creep behavior of glass ceramic materials at high temperature and to investigate the effect of creep of glass ceramic sealant materials on stresses in glass seal and on the various interfaces of glass seal with other layers. The creep models were incorporated into SOFC-MP and Mentat FC, and finite element analyses were performed to quantify the stresses in various parts. The stress in glass seals were released due to its creep behavior during the operating environments. C1 [Liu, W. N.; Sun, X.; Koeppel, B.; Khaleel, M. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Liu, WN (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-45754-2 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 4 BP 203 EP 209 DI 10.1002/9780470584316.ch19 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BQI70 UT WOS:000281125900019 ER PT S AU Wang, YL Armstrong, BL Trejo, RM Bai, JM Watkins, TR Lara-Curzio, E AF Wang, Yanli Armstrong, Beth L. Trejo, Rosa M. Bai, Jianming Watkins, Thomas R. Lara-Curzio, Edgar BE Bansal, NP Singh, P TI MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CATHODE-INTERCONNECT INTERFACES IN PLANAR SOFCs SO ADVANCES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS V SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 18-23, 2009 CL Daytona Beach, FL ID FRACTURE ENERGY; LAYERS AB The residual stresses in manganese cobaltite, i.e., Mit(1.5)Co(1.5)O(4), coatings applied onto alloys 441 and Crofer 22 APU were determined by X-Ray Diffraction. The residual stresses were found to be tensile at 800 degrees C for both systems. The residual stress for spinel-coated AL441 relaxed with time and reached a value of 0.16 +/- 0.02 GPa after 300 minutes. The stress relaxation process was slower for spinel-coated Crofer and reached a value of 0.23 +/- 0.01 GPa after 500 minutes. Four-point bend SENB testing technique was used to evaluate the toughness of the interfaces between LSM 10, i.e., (La(0.9)Sr(0.1))(0.98)MnO(3+delta), and spinel-coated AL441 and Crofer. Sandwich test specimens were prepared by sintering the LSM10 layer at 900 degrees C for four hours in air or under pO(2) cyclic conditions. The strain energy release rate was found to be 1.52 +/- 0.11 J/m(2) for regular sintering and 1.47 +/- 0.15 J/m(2) for sintering with cyclic pO(2) treatment. This difference was found to be statistically insignificant. C1 [Wang, Yanli; Armstrong, Beth L.; Trejo, Rosa M.; Bai, Jianming; Watkins, Thomas R.; Lara-Curzio, Edgar] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, YL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Bai, Jianming/O-5005-2015; Watkins, Thomas/D-8750-2016; Armstrong, Beth/E-6752-2017 OI Watkins, Thomas/0000-0002-2646-1329; Armstrong, Beth/0000-0001-7149-3576 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-45754-2 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 4 BP 221 EP 229 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BQI70 UT WOS:000281125900021 ER PT J AU Cragg, GE Kerman, AK AF Cragg, George E. Kerman, Arthur K. TI On the quantum instability of attractive Bose systems SO ADVANCES IN THEORETICAL AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; GAS; ENERGY AB We explore the zero-temperature behavior of an assembly of bosons interacting through a zero-range, attractive potential. Because the two-body interaction admits a bound state, the many-body model is best described by a Hamiltonian that includes the coupling between atomic and molecular components. Due to the positive scattering length, the low-density collection is expected to remain stable against collapse despite the attraction between particles. Although a variational many-body analysis indicates a collapsing solution with only a molecular component to its condensate at low density, the expected atomic condensate solution can be obtained if the chemical potential is allowed to be complex valued. In addition to revealing two discrete eigenfrequencies associated with the molecular case, an expansion in small oscillations quantifies the imaginary part of the chemical potential as proportional to a coherent decay rate of the atomic condensate into a continuum of collective phonon excitations about the collapsing lower state. C1 [Cragg, George E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kerman, Arthur K.] MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kerman, Arthur K.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Cragg, GE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cragg@alum.mit.edu; kerman@mitlns.mit.edu FU MIT-Los Alamos Collaborative Research [19442-001-99-35]; LANL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) FX This work was primarily supported by the MIT-Los Alamos Collaborative Research Grant to Develop an Understanding of Bose-Einstein Condensates, contract number 19442-001-99-35. Partial support also came from the LANL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PRESS BOSTON, INC PI SOMERVILLE PA PO BOX 43502, SOMERVILLE, MA 02143 USA SN 1095-0761 J9 ADV THEOR MATH PHYS JI Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 14 IS 1 BP 29 EP 86 PG 58 WC Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 670AI UT WOS:000283391700002 ER PT S AU Nefian, AV Kim, T Moratto, Z Beyer, R Fong, T AF Nefian, Ara V. Kim, Taemin Moratto, Zachary Beyer, Ross Fong, Terry BE Bebis, G Boyle, R Parvin, B Koracin, D Chung, R Hammound, R Hussain, M Han, TK Crawfis, R Thalmann, D Kao, D Avila, L TI Lunar Terrain and Albedo Reconstruction of the Apollo 15 Zone SO ADVANCES IN VISUAL COMPUTING, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Visual Computing CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP UNR, DRI, LBNL, NASA Ames, Air Force Res Lab, Intel, DigitalPersona, Equinox, Ford, Hewlett Packard, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, iCore, Toyota, Delphi, Gen Elect, Microsoft MSDN, Volt AB Generating accurate three dimensional planetary models is becoming increasingly important as NASA plans manned missions to return to the Moon in the next decade. This paper describes a 3D surface and albedo reconstruction from orbital imagery. The techniques described here allow us to automatically produce seamless, highly accurate digital elevation and albedo models from multiple stereo image pairs while significantly reducing the influence of image noise. Our technique is. demonstrated on the entire set of orbital images retrieved by the Apollo 15 mission. C1 [Nefian, Ara V.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Kim, Taemin; Fong, Terry] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ames, IA 94035 USA. [Moratto, Zachary] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Ames, IA 94035 USA. [Beyer, Ross] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Nefian, AV (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-17288-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6453 BP 688 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BUW97 UT WOS:000290548000066 ER PT S AU Dillard, SE Prasad, L Grazzini, J AF Dillard, Scott E. Prasad, Lakshman Grazzini, Jacopo BE Bebis, G Boyle, R Parvin, B Koracin, D Chung, R Hammound, R Hussain, M Han, TK Crawfis, R Thalmann, D Kao, D Avila, L TI Region and Edge-Adaptive Sampling and Boundary Completion for Segmentation SO ADVANCES IN VISUAL COMPUTING, PT II SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Visual Computing CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP UNR, DRI, LBNL, NASA Ames, Air Force Res Lab, Intel, DigitalPersona, Equinox, Ford, Hewlett Packard, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, iCore, Toyota, Delphi, Gen Elect, Microsoft MSDN, Volt ID IMAGE SEGMENTATION; WATERSHEDS; CONTOURS AB Edge detection produces a set of points that are likely to lie on discontinuities between objects within an image. We consider faces of the Gabriel graph of these points, a sub-graph of the Delaunay triangulation. Features are extracted by merging these faces using size, shape and color cues. We measure regional properties of faces using a novel shape-adaptive sampling method that overcomes undesirable sampling bias of the Delaunay triangles. Instead, sampling is biased so as to smooth regional statistics within the detected object boundaries, and this smoothing adapts to local geometric features of the shape such as curvature, thickness and straightness. We further identify within the Gabriel graph regions having uniform thickness and orientation which are grouped into directional features for subsequent hierarchical region merging. C1 [Dillard, Scott E.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Prasad, Lakshman; Grazzini, Jacopo] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Dillard, SE (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-17273-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6454 BP 64 EP + PN II PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BUW95 UT WOS:000290547200007 ER PT S AU Sherman, WR O'Leary, P Whiting, ET Grover, S Wernert, EA AF Sherman, William R. O'Leary, Patrick Whiting, Eric T. Grover, Shane Wernert, Eric A. BE Bebis, G Boyle, R Parvin, B Koracin, D Chung, R Hammound, R Hussain, M Han, TK Crawfis, R Thalmann, D Kao, D Avila, L TI IQ-Station: A Low Cost Portable Immersive Environment SO ADVANCES IN VISUAL COMPUTING, PT II SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Visual Computing CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP UNR, DRI, LBNL, NASA Ames, Air Force Res Lab, Intel, DigitalPersona, Equinox, Ford, Hewlett Packard, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, iCore, Toyota, Delphi, Gen Elect, Microsoft MSDN, Volt ID VISUALIZATION AB The emergence of inexpensive 3D-TVs, affordable input and rendering hardware and open-source software has created a yeasty atmosphere for the development of low-cost immersive systems. A low cost system (here dubbed an IQ-station), fashioned from commercial off-the-shelf technology (COTS), coupled with targeted immersive applications can be a viable laboratory instrument for enhancing scientific workflow for exploration and analysis. The use of an IQ-station in a laboratory setting also has the potential of quickening the adoption of a more sophisticated immersive environment as a critical enabler in modern scientific and engineering workflows. Prior work in immersive environments generally required special purpose display systems, such as a head mounted display (HMD) or a large projector-based implementation, which have limitations in terms of cost, usability, or space requirements. The alternative platform presented here effectively addresses those limitations. This work brings together the needed hardware and software components to create a fully integrated immersive display and interface system that can be readily deployed in laboratories and common workspaces. By doing so, it is now feasible for immersive technologies to be included in researchers' day-to-day workflows. The IQ-station sets the stage for much wider adoption of immersive interfaces outside the small communities of virtual reality centers. In spite of this technical progress, the long-term success of these systems depends on resolving several important issues related to users and support. Key among these issues are: to what degree should hardware and software be customized; what applications and content are available; and how can a community be developed? C1 [Sherman, William R.; Wernert, Eric A.] Indiana Univ, Adv Visualizat Lab, Pervas Technol Inst, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [O'Leary, Patrick; Whiting, Eric T.; Grover, Shane] Idaho Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Modeling & Simulat, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Sherman, WR (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Adv Visualizat Lab, Pervas Technol Inst, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. FU Desert Research Institute (DRI); Center for Advanced Energy Studies (CAES); Idaho National Laboratory (INL); Pervasive Technology Institute (PTI); Indiana University (IU); INL Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) Program under DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-05ID14517]; RDECOM-STTC [N61339-04-C-0072]; Test Reactor Life Extension Program, Idaho National Laboratory FX The authors would like to thank the Desert Research Institute (DRI), the Center for Advanced Energy Studies (CAES), the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), the Pervasive Technology Institute (PTI) and Indiana University (IU) for facilities and support. We would also like to acknowledge the system development work of Keith Wilson, of the Idaho National Laboratory. This work was supported partially through the INL Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) Program under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517, RDECOM-STTC under Contract No. N61339-04-C-0072, and by Kelly Estes, Paul Henslee, and Julie Huntsman of the Advanced Test Reactor Life Extension Program, Idaho National Laboratory. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-17273-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6454 BP 361 EP + PN II PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BUW95 UT WOS:000290547200036 ER PT S AU Bouet, N Conley, R Biancarosa, J Divan, R Macrander, AT AF Bouet, N. Conley, R. Biancarosa, J. Divan, R. Macrander, A. T. BE Goto, S Khounsary, AM Morawe, C TI WSi(2)/Si Multilayer Sectioning by Reactive Ion Etching for Multilayer Laue Lens Fabrication SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS AND COMPONENTS V SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components V CY AUG 02-03, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID PLASMA; FLUORINE; SILICON C1 [Bouet, N.; Conley, R.; Biancarosa, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bouet, N (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Conley, Ray/C-2622-2013; OI Bouet, Nathalie/0000-0002-5816-9429 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8298-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7802 AR 780203 DI 10.1117/12.865306 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSU59 UT WOS:000285830000002 ER PT S AU Khounsary, A Lai, B Qian, J Khachatryan, R Maj, J Huang, XR AF Khounsary, Ali Lai, Barry Qian, Jun Khachatryan, Ruben Maj, Josef Huang, Xianrong BE Goto, S Khounsary, AM Morawe, C TI Beam Coherence and X-ray Windows SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS AND COMPONENTS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components V CY AUG 02-03, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Window; X-ray; coherence; single crystal; polish AB Beryllium windows are used on many X-ray synchrotron beamlines to separate and protect the ultra-high vacuum of the storage ring from the experimental environment. Currently, such a window is typically made of a thin, high-purity, beryllium foil, which may or may not have been polished. It is well known that these windows affect the transmitted beam quality. The impact ranges from imperceptible to profound, depending on the experiment. The degradation of the X-ray beam is of increasing importance and concern, however, and in fact, a number of beamlines now are run windowless or with a very small and thin silicon nitride window. There remain many instances where a large and robust window is desirable or necessary; it is for this reason that the development of windows that have little or no impact on the transmitted X-ray beam quality is important. This presentation reports on the progress in developing single-crystal beryllium X-ray windows. Due to its high purity and homogeneity, relative structural perfection, and high polishablity single-crystal beryllium is an attractive window material candidate, particularly for beamlines conducting imaging or coherence-based experiments. The development of thin, uniform windows with less than 1 nm rms surface roughness and their preliminary characterization results are presented. C1 [Khounsary, Ali; Lai, Barry; Qian, Jun; Khachatryan, Ruben; Maj, Josef; Huang, Xianrong] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Khounsary, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8298-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7802 AR 78020O DI 10.1117/12.877449 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSU59 UT WOS:000285830000016 ER PT S AU Shi, B Liu, CA Qian, J Liu, WJ Assoufid, L Khounsary, A Conley, R Macrander, AT AF Shi, Bing Liu, Chian Qian, Jun Liu, Wenjun Assoufid, Lahsen Khounsary, Ali Conley, Raymond, Jr. Macrander, Albert T. BE Goto, S Khounsary, AM Morawe, C TI Platinum Kirkpatrik-Baez mirrors for a hard x-ray microfocusing system made by profile coating SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS AND COMPONENTS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components V CY AUG 02-03, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE KB mirrors; hard x-ray optics; magnetron sputtering ID ELLIPTIC MIRRORS AB We report a successful fabrication and testing of the first set of Platinum (Pt)-coated Kirkpatrik-Baez (KB) mirrors for a submicrofocusing x-ray polychromatic beam from a conventional beamline (64 m long) at the 34-ID of Advanced Photon Source (APS). The set includes one 80 mm long mirror and one 40 mm short mirror fabricated by depositing Pt on finely polished spherical Silicon (Si) substrates using the APS-developed profile coating technique with the magnetron sputtering system. Profile coating masks were calculated through the coating profile data from metrology measurements acquired using interferometric stitching technique. Instead of flat substrates, spherical substrates (with shapes approximately mimicking the tangential profiles of the desired ellipses) were used, reducing the coating thickness and, thus, stress. The mirror pair was commissioned on the beamline and generated a 2-D spot with full width at half maximum (FWHM) 280 nm (V) x 150 nm (H). The detailed fabrication methods, metrology measurements, and calculations are discussed. C1 [Shi, Bing; Liu, Chian; Qian, Jun; Liu, Wenjun; Assoufid, Lahsen; Khounsary, Ali; Macrander, Albert T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shi, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Conley, Ray/C-2622-2013 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8298-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7802 AR 78020G DI 10.1117/12.861044 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSU59 UT WOS:000285830000012 ER PT S AU Voronov, DL Ahn, M Anderson, EH Cambie, R Chang, CH Goray, LI Gullikson, EM Heilmann, RK Salmassi, F Schattenburg, ML Warwick, T Yashchuk, VV Padmore, HA AF Voronov, Dmitriy L. Ahn, Minseung Anderson, Erik H. Cambie, Rossana Chang, Chih-Hao Goray, Leonid I. Gullikson, Eric M. Heilmann, Ralf K. Salmassi, Farhad Schattenburg, Mark L. Warwick, Tony Yashchuk, Valeriy V. Padmore, Howard A. BE Goto, S Khounsary, AM Morawe, C TI High efficiency multilayer blazed gratings for EUV and soft X-rays: Recent developments SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY/EUV OPTICS AND COMPONENTS V SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in X-Ray/EUV Optics and Components V CY AUG 02-03, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE diffraction grating; diffraction efficiency; blazed grating; multilayer coating; scanning beam interference lithography; wet anisotropic etch; EUV; soft x-rays; TEM ID SPUTTER-DEPOSITION; FILM DEPOSITION; MAGNETRON; SUBSTRATE; SIMULATION; SYSTEM AB Multilayer coated blazed gratings with high groove density are the best candidates for use in high resolution EUV and soft x-ray spectroscopy. Theoretical analysis shows that such a grating can be potentially optimized for high dispersion and spectral resolution in a desired high diffraction order without significant loss of diffraction efficiency. In order to realize this potential, the grating fabrication process should provide a perfect triangular groove profile and an extremely smooth surface of the blazed facets. Here we report on recent progress achieved at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) in fabrication of high quality multilayer coated blazed gratings. The blazed gratings were fabricated using scanning beam interference lithography followed by wet anisotropic etching of silicon. A 200 nm period grating coated with a Mo/Si multilayer composed with 30 bi-layers demonstrated an absolute efficiency of 37.6% in the 3(rd) diffraction order at 13.6 nm wavelength. The groove profile of the grating was thoroughly characterized with atomic force microscopy before and after the multilayer deposition. The obtained metrology data were used for simulation of the grating efficiency with the vector electromagnetic PCGrate-6.1 code. The simulations showed that smoothing of the grating profile during the multilayer deposition is the main reason for efficiency losses compared to the theoretical maximum. Investigation of the grating with cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy revealed a complex evolution of the groove profile in the course of the multilayer deposition. Impact of the shadowing and smoothing processes on growth of the multilayer on the surface of the sawtooth substrate is discussed. C1 [Voronov, Dmitriy L.; Anderson, Erik H.; Cambie, Rossana; Gullikson, Eric M.; Salmassi, Farhad; Warwick, Tony; Yashchuk, Valeriy V.; Padmore, Howard A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Voronov, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dlvoronov@lbl.gov RI Goray, Leonid/D-4426-2013; Heilmann, Ralf/D-4680-2009 OI Goray, Leonid/0000-0002-0381-9607; NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8298-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7802 AR 780207 DI 10.1117/12.861287 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSU59 UT WOS:000285830000005 ER PT J AU Bogan, MJ Boutet, S Chapman, HN Marchesini, S Barty, A Benner, WH Rohner, U Frank, M Hau-Riege, SP Bajt, S Woods, B Seibert, MM Iwan, B Timneanu, N Hajdu, J Schulz, J AF Bogan, Michael J. Boutet, Sebastien Chapman, Henry N. Marchesini, Stefano Barty, Anton Benner, W. Henry Rohner, Urs Frank, Matthias Hau-Riege, Stefan P. Bajt, Sasa Woods, Bruce Seibert, M. Marvin Iwan, Bianca Timneanu, Nicusor Hajdu, Janos Schulz, Joachim TI Aerosol Imaging with a Soft X-Ray Free Electron Laser SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION MICROSCOPY; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; PARTICLES; HOLOGRAPHY; MORPHOLOGY; DYNAMICS; GROWTH AB Lasers have long played a critical role in the advancement of aerosol science. A new regime of ultrafast laser technology has recently be realized, the world's first soft x-ray free electron laser. The Free electron LASer in Hamburg, FLASH, user facility produces a steady source of 10 femtosecond pulses of 7-32 nm x-rays with 1012 photons per pulse. The high brightness, short wavelength, and high repetition rate (>500 pulses per second) of this laser offers unique capabilities for aerosol characterization. Here we use FLASH to perform the highest resolution imaging of single PM2.5 aerosol particles in flight to date. We resolve to 35 nm the morphology of fibrous and aggregated spherical carbonaceous nanoparticles that existed for less than two milliseconds in vacuum. Our result opens the possibility for high spatial- and time-resolved single particle aerosol dynamics studies, filling a critical technological need in aerosol science. C1 [Bogan, Michael J.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford PULSE Inst Ultrafast Energy Sci, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bogan, Michael J.; Barty, Anton; Benner, W. Henry; Rohner, Urs; Frank, Matthias; Hau-Riege, Stefan P.; Woods, Bruce] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Chapman, Henry N.; Bajt, Sasa; Schulz, Joachim] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany. [Chapman, Henry N.] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. [Marchesini, Stefano] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rohner, Urs] TOFWERK AG, Thun, Switzerland. [Seibert, M. Marvin; Iwan, Bianca; Timneanu, Nicusor; Hajdu, Janos] Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Bogan, MJ (reprint author), SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford PULSE Inst Ultrafast Energy Sci, 2575 Sand Hill Rd MS59, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mbogan@slac.stanford.edu RI Marchesini, Stefano/A-6795-2009; Chapman, Henry/G-2153-2010; Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010; Timneanu, Nicusor/C-7691-2012; Bogan, Mike/I-6962-2012; Barty, Anton/K-5137-2014; Frank, Matthias/O-9055-2014; OI Chapman, Henry/0000-0002-4655-1743; Timneanu, Nicusor/0000-0001-7328-0400; Bogan, Mike/0000-0001-9318-3333; Barty, Anton/0000-0003-4751-2727; Seibert, Mark Marvin/0000-0003-0251-0744 FU U.S. Department of Energy [W-7405-Eng-48, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-AC02-76SF00515]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [05-SI-003]; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron; DFG Cluster of Excellence at the Munich Centre for Advanced Photonics; Helmholtz Society; Swedish Research Council FX Special thanks are due to the scientific and technical staff of the FLASH at DESY, Hamburg, in particular to R. Treusch, J. Schneider, S. Dusterer, T. Tschentscher, J. Feldhaus, R. L. Johnson, U. Hahn, T. Nunez, K. Tiedtke, S. Toleikis, E. L. Saldin, E. A. Schneidmiller, and M. V. Yurkov. We are grateful to our collaborators in T. Moller's group at Technische Universitat Berlin for accommodating our experiment in their vacuum chamber. This work was supported by the following agencies: The U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract W-7405-Eng-48 and in part under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (the project 05-SI-003 from the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of LLNL); the U.S. Department of Energy by the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory in part under contract number DE-AC02-76SF00515; the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, a research center of the Helmholtz Association. Additional support comes from the DFG Cluster of Excellence at the Munich Centre for Advanced Photonics (www.munich-photonics.de), from the Virtual Institute Program of the Helmholtz Society, and by the Swedish Research Council. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 44 IS 3 BP I EP VI DI 10.1080/02786820903485800 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 586NM UT WOS:000276917200001 ER PT J AU Ezell, MJ Johnson, SN Yu, Y Perraud, V Bruns, EA Alexander, ML Zelenyuk, A Dabdub, D Finlayson-Pitts, BJ AF Ezell, Michael J. Johnson, Stanley N. Yu, Yong Perraud, Veronique Bruns, Emily A. Alexander, M. Lizabeth Zelenyuk, Alla Dabdub, Donald Finlayson-Pitts, Barbara J. TI A New Aerosol Flow System for Photochemical and Thermal Studies of Tropospheric Aerosols SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; PARTICLE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ALPHA-PINENE; NATURAL SUNLIGHT; OZONOLYSIS; ATMOSPHERE; GROWTH; CHEMISTRY; OXIDATION AB For studying the formation and photochemical/thermal reactions of aerosols relevant to the troposphere, a unique, high-volume, slow-flow, stainless steel aerosol flow system equipped with UV lamps has been constructed and characterized experimentally. The total flow system length is 8.5 m and includes a 1.2 m section used for mixing, a 6.1 m reaction section and a 1.2 m transition cone at the end. The 45.7 cm diameter results in a smaller surface to volume ratio than is found in many other flow systems and thus reduces the potential contribution from wall reactions. The latter are also reduced by frequent cleaning of the flow tube walls which is made feasible by the ease of disassembly. The flow tube is equipped with ultraviolet lamps for photolysis. This flow system allows continuous sampling under stable conditions, thus increasing the amount of sample available for analysis and permitting a wide variety of analytical techniques to be applied simultaneously. The residence time is of the order of an hour, and sampling ports located along the length of the flow tube allow for time-resolved measurements of aerosol and gas-phase products. The system was characterized using both an "inert" gas (CO(2)) and particles (atomized NaNO(3)). Instruments interfaced directly to this flow system include a NO(x) analyzer, an ozone analyzer, relative humidity and temperature probes, a scanning mobility particle sizer spectrometer, an aerodynamic particle sizer spectrometer, a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, an integrating nephelometer, and a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer equipped with a long path (64 m) cell. Particles collected with impactors and filters at the various sampling ports can be analyzed subsequently by a variety of techniques. Formation of secondary organic aerosol from alpha-pinene reactions (NO(x) photooxidation and ozonolysis) are used to demonstrate the capabilities of this new system. C1 [Ezell, Michael J.; Johnson, Stanley N.; Perraud, Veronique; Bruns, Emily A.; Finlayson-Pitts, Barbara J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Alexander, M. Lizabeth; Zelenyuk, Alla] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Dabdub, Donald] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Finlayson-Pitts, BJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM bjfinlay@uci.edu RI Yu, Yong/G-6445-2010; bruns, emily/A-4558-2013; Perraud, Veronique/F-2830-2016 OI Perraud, Veronique/0000-0003-1247-9787 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division [DE-FG02-05ER64000, DE-AC06-76RL01830]; National Science Foundation [CHE-0431312] FX We are grateful to the U.S. Department of Energy ( Grant # DE-FG02-05ER64000) for support of this work. Additional support was provided by the AirUCI Environmental Molecular Science Institute funded by the National Science Foundation ( Grant # CHE-0431312). E. A. B. acknowledges financial support from a National Science Foundation graduate student fellowship. This research was in part in collaboration with the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division. PNNL is operated by the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract # DE-AC06-76RL01830. We appreciate helpful discussions with Prasad Pokkunuri. We are grateful for the invaluable technical expertise and advice from George Schade, Reliable Sheet Metal Works, Fullerton, CA; Lee Moritz, Ron Hulme, and Richard Busby of the UCI Physical Sciences Machine Shop; and Jorg Meyer of the UCI Chemistry Department Glassblowing Shop. Finally, we thank J. N. Pitts Jr. for helpful comments on the article. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 44 IS 5 BP 329 EP 338 DI 10.1080/02786821003639700 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 586NP UT WOS:000276917500001 ER PT J AU Cross, ES Onasch, TB Ahern, A Wrobel, W Slowik, JG Olfert, J Lack, DA Massoli, P Cappa, CD Schwarz, JP Spackman, JR Fahey, DW Sedlacek, A Trimborn, A Jayne, JT Freedman, A Williams, LR Ng, NL Mazzoleni, C Dubey, M Brem, B Kok, G Subramanian, R Freitag, S Clarke, A Thornhill, D Marr, LC Kolb, CE Worsnop, DR Davidovits, P AF Cross, Eben S. Onasch, Timothy B. Ahern, Adam Wrobel, William Slowik, Jay G. Olfert, Jason Lack, Daniel A. Massoli, Paola Cappa, Christopher D. Schwarz, Joshua P. Spackman, J. Ryan Fahey, David W. Sedlacek, Arthur Trimborn, Achim Jayne, John T. Freedman, Andrew Williams, Leah R. Ng, Nga L. Mazzoleni, Claudio Dubey, Manvendra Brem, Benjamin Kok, Greg Subramanian, R. Freitag, Steffen Clarke, Antony Thornhill, Dwight Marr, Linsey C. Kolb, Charles E. Worsnop, Douglas R. Davidovits, Paul TI Soot Particle StudiesInstrument Inter-ComparisonProject Overview SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAVITY-RING-DOWN; AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER MEASUREMENTS; DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; BLACK-CARBON; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; SULFURIC-ACID; MEXICO-CITY; INTEGRATING NEPHELOMETER; DENSITY CHARACTERIZATION AB An inter-comparison study of instruments designed to measure the microphysical and optical properties of soot particles was completed. The following mass-based instruments were tested: Couette Centrifugal Particle Mass Analyzer (CPMA), Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass SpectrometerScanning Mobility Particle Sizer (AMS-SMPS), Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2), Soot Particle-Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (SP-AMS) and Photoelectric Aerosol Sensor (PAS2000CE). Optical instruments measured absorption (photoacoustic, interferometric, and filter-based), scattering (in situ), and extinction (light attenuation within an optical cavity). The study covered an experimental matrix consisting of 318 runs that systematically tested the performance of instruments across a range of parameters including: fuel equivalence ratio (1.8 phi 5), particle shape (mass-mobility exponent (Dfm), 2.0 Dfm 3.0), particle mobility size (30 dm 300 nm), black carbon mass (0.07 mBC 4.2 fg) and particle chemical composition. In selected runs, particles were coated with sulfuric acid or dioctyl sebacate (DOS) (0.5 rve 201 nm) where rve is the change in the volume equivalent radius due to the coating material. The effect of non-absorbing coatings on instrument response was determined. Changes in the morphology of fractal soot particles were monitored during coating and denuding processes and the effect of particle shape on instrument response was determined. The combination of optical and mass based measurements was used to determine the mass specific absorption coefficient for denuded soot particles. The single scattering albedo of the particles was also measured. An overview of the experiments and sample results are presented. C1 [Cross, Eben S.; Onasch, Timothy B.; Ahern, Adam; Wrobel, William; Davidovits, Paul] Boston Coll, Dept Chem, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Cross, Eben S.; Onasch, Timothy B.; Ahern, Adam; Massoli, Paola; Trimborn, Achim; Jayne, John T.; Freedman, Andrew; Williams, Leah R.; Ng, Nga L.; Kolb, Charles E.; Worsnop, Douglas R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Slowik, Jay G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Olfert, Jason; Sedlacek, Arthur] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Lack, Daniel A.; Massoli, Paola; Schwarz, Joshua P.; Spackman, J. Ryan; Fahey, David W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Cappa, Christopher D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mazzoleni, Claudio; Dubey, Manvendra] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Brem, Benjamin] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kok, Greg; Subramanian, R.] Droplet Measurement Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Freitag, Steffen; Clarke, Antony] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Thornhill, Dwight; Marr, Linsey C.] Virginia Tech, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Olfert, Jason] Univ Alberta, Dept Mech Engn, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Mazzoleni, Claudio] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Lack, Daniel A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cross, ES (reprint author), MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM escross@mit.edu RI Slowik, Jay/F-4894-2011; Lucas, Elizabeth/E-2733-2010; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Kolb, Charles/A-8596-2009; Marr, Linsey/C-9698-2010; Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Mazzoleni, Claudio/E-5615-2011; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Subramanian, R/A-4913-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009 OI Slowik, Jay/0000-0001-5682-850X; Marr, Linsey/0000-0003-3628-6891; Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Subramanian, R/0000-0002-5553-5913; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017 FU Office of Science (BER), Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER63995]; National Science Foundation [ATM-052535, ATM-0854916]; NOAA; NASA; Upper Atmosphere Research Program; Gold-haber Distinguished Fellowship Program FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), Department of Energy (Atmospheric Science Program) grant No. DE-FG02-05ER63995 and the Atmospheric Chemistry Program of the National Science Foundation grants No. ATM-0525355 and ATM-0854916 to Boston College and Aerodyne Research, Inc. NOAA SP2 participation was supported by the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate, and Health of the Atmosphere Programs, and the NASA Radiation Sciences Program and Upper Atmosphere Research Program. J. Olfert would like to thank Cambustion Ltd. for lending the Couette CPMA for this study. J. Olfert acknowledges the Gold-haber Distinguished Fellowship Program for providing funding for this project. C. Mazzoleni would like to thank MTU for start-up funds for SEM analysis and Owen P. Mills and Claire F. Drom at the Applied Chemical and Morphological Analysis Laboratory for their support. NR 70 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 3 U2 73 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 44 IS 8 BP 592 EP 611 AR PII 924397787 DI 10.1080/02786826.2010.482113 PG 20 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 626JM UT WOS:000279962200002 ER PT J AU Schwarz, JP Spackman, JR Gao, RS Perring, AE Cross, E Onasch, TB Ahern, A Wrobel, W Davidovits, P Olfert, J Dubey, MK Mazzoleni, C Fahey, DW AF Schwarz, J. P. Spackman, J. R. Gao, R. S. Perring, A. E. Cross, E. Onasch, T. B. Ahern, A. Wrobel, W. Davidovits, P. Olfert, J. Dubey, M. K. Mazzoleni, C. Fahey, D. W. TI The Detection Efficiency of the Single Particle Soot Photometer SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED INCANDESCENCE; BLACK CARBON; MASS ANALYZER; AEROSOLS; STATE AB A single particle soot photometer (SP2) uses an intense laser to heat individual aerosol particles of refractory black carbon (rBC) to vaporization, causing them to emit detectable amounts of thermal radiation that are used to quantify rBC mass. This approach is well suited for the detection of the majority of rBC mass loading in the ambient atmosphere, which occurs primarily in the accumulation mode ( 1-300 fg-rBC/particle). In addition to operator choices about instrument parameters, SP2 detection of rBC number and/or mass can be limited by the physical process inherent in the SP2 detection technique namely at small rBC mass or low laser intensities, particles fail to heat to vaporization, a requirement for proper detection. In this study, the SP2's ability to correctly detect and count individual flame-generated soot particles was measured at different laser intensities for different rBC particle masses. The flame-generated soot aerosol used for testing was optionally prepared with coatings of organic and non-organic material and/or thermally denuded. These data are used to identify a minimum laser intensity for accurate detection at sea level of total rBC mass in the accumulation mode (300 nW/(220-nm PSL)), a minimum rBC mass ( 0.7-fg rBC-mass corresponding to 90 nm volume-equivalent diameter) for near-unity number detection efficiency with a typical operating laser intensity (450 nW/(220-nm PSL)), and a methodology using observed color temperature to recognize laser intensity insufficient for accurate rBC mass detection. Additionally, methods for measurement of laser intensity using either laboratory or ambient aerosol are presented. C1 [Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Gao, R. S.; Perring, A. E.; Fahey, D. W.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Perring, A. E.; Fahey, D. W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cross, E.; Onasch, T. B.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Ahern, A.; Wrobel, W.; Davidovits, P.] Boston Coll, Dept Chem, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Olfert, J.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Dubey, M. K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Mazzoleni, C.] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Schwarz, JP (reprint author), 325 Broadway R CSD 6, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Joshua.p.schwarz@noaa.gov RI Mazzoleni, Claudio/E-5615-2011; Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; FU NOAA; NASA; Office of Science (BER), Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER63995]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0525355] FX NOAASP2 participation was supported by the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate, and Health of the Atmosphere Programs, and the NASA Radiation Sciences Program and Upper Atmosphere Research Program. The intercomparison was supported in part by the Office of Science (BER), Department of Energy (Atmospheric Science Program) grant No. DE-FG02-05ER63995, and the Atmospheric Chemistry Program of the National Science Foundation, grant No. ATM-0525355. NR 25 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 38 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 44 IS 8 BP 612 EP 628 AR PII 924376370 DI 10.1080/02786826.2010.481298 PG 17 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 626JM UT WOS:000279962200003 ER PT J AU Abarham, M Hoard, JW Assanis, D Styles, D Sluder, CS Storey, JME AF Abarham, Mehdi Hoard, John W. Assanis, Dennis Styles, Dan Sluder, C. Scott Storey, John M. E. TI An Analytical Study of Thermophoretic Particulate Deposition in Turbulent Pipe Flows SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE DEPOSITION; THERMAL FORCE; TUBE; GAS AB The presence of a cold surface in non-isothermal pipe flows conveying submicron particles causes thermophoretic particulate deposition. In this study, an analytical method is developed to estimate thermophoretic particulate deposition efficiency and its effect on overall heat transfer coefficient of pipe flows in transition and turbulent flow regimes. The proposed analytical solution has been validated against experiments conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Exhaust gas carrying submicron soot particles was passed through pipes with a constant wall temperature and various designed boundary conditions to correlate transition and turbulent flow regimes. Prediction of the reduction in heat transfer coefficient and particulate mass deposited has been compared with experiments. The results of the analytical method are in a reasonably good agreement with experiments. C1 [Assanis, Dennis] Univ Michigan, Phoenix Mem Michigan Energy Inst, WE Lay Automot Lab 2045, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Styles, Dan] Ford Motor Co, Res & Adv Engn, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. [Sluder, C. Scott; Storey, John M. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Assanis, D (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Phoenix Mem Michigan Energy Inst, WE Lay Automot Lab 2045, Dept Mech Engn, 1231 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM assanis@umich.edu OI Sluder, Charles Scott/0000-0002-2597-1968 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 44 IS 9 BP 785 EP 795 DI 10.1080/02786826.2010.491841 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 668VT UT WOS:000283300900009 ER PT J AU Sullivan, RC Moore, MJK Petters, MD Kreidenweis, SM Qafoku, O Laskin, A Roberts, GC Prather, KA AF Sullivan, Ryan C. Moore, Meagan J. K. Petters, Markus D. Kreidenweis, Sonia M. Qafoku, Odeta Laskin, Alexander Roberts, Greg C. Prather, Kimberly A. TI Impact of Particle Generation Method on the Apparent Hygroscopicity of Insoluble Mineral Particles SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PARAMETER REPRESENTATION; CONDENSATION NUCLEUS ACTIVITY; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; DUST PARTICLES; HETEROGENEOUS CHEMISTRY; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; MIXING STATE; NITRIC-ACID; SOLUBILITIES; HUMIDITY AB Calcite (CaCO3) mineral particles are commonly generated by atomization techniques to study their heterogeneous chemistry, hygroscopicity, and cloud nucleation properties. Here we investigate the significant artifact introduced in generating calcium mineral particles through the atomization of a saturated suspension of the powder in water, by measuring particle hygroscopicity via CCN activation curves. Particles produced from atomization displayed hygroscopicities as large as kappa(app) > 0.1, 100 times more hygroscopic than that obtained for dry-generated calcite, kappa(app) = 0.0011. The hygroscopicity of the wet-generated particles increased as a function of time the calcite powder spent in water, and with decreasing particle size. Wet-generated calcium oxalate was more hygroscopic through wet- (kappa(app) = 0.34) versus dry-generation (kappa(app) = 0.048). Atomized calcium sulfate particles, however, were only slightly more hygroscopic (kappa(app) = 0.0045) than those generated dry (kappa(app) = 0.0016). Single-particle analysis by ATOFMS and SEM/EDX, and bulk analysis of the calcite powders by ICP-MS and IC revealed no significant soluble contaminants. The atomized particles were likely composed of components that dissolved from the powder and then re-precipitated, and appeared to contain little of the original mineral powder. The increased hygroscopicity of atomized calcite may have been caused by aqueous carbonate chemistry producing Ca(OH)(2), Ca(HCO3)(2), and metastable hydrates with increased solubility. Surface water adsorption may have also played a role, in addition to uncharacterized soluble components produced by wet-generation, and the precipitation of amorphous phases including glassy states. This study suggests that using wet-generation methods to suspend mineral dust samples will not produce particles with the correct physicochemical properties in laboratory studies, a finding which has important implications for past and future laboratory studies focusing on understanding relationships between the hygroscopicity and chemistry of mineral dust particles. C1 [Sullivan, Ryan C.; Moore, Meagan J. K.; Prather, Kimberly A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Sullivan, Ryan C.; Petters, Markus D.; Kreidenweis, Sonia M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Petters, Markus D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Qafoku, Odeta; Laskin, Alexander] Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Willey Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Roberts, Greg C.; Prather, Kimberly A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Prather, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM kprather@ucsd.edu RI Petters, Markus/D-2144-2009; Sullivan, Ryan/B-4674-2008; Prather, Kimberly/A-3892-2008; Laskin, Alexander/I-2574-2012; Kreidenweis, Sonia/E-5993-2011 OI Petters, Markus/0000-0002-4082-1693; Sullivan, Ryan/0000-0003-0701-7158; Prather, Kimberly/0000-0003-3048-9890; Laskin, Alexander/0000-0002-7836-8417; Kreidenweis, Sonia/0000-0002-2561-2914 FU NSF [ATM-0625526]; OBER/DOE at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RL0] FX We thank Kirsten Koehler for valuable discussions and sharing results with us. K.A.P. acknowledges funding support from NSF (Fund#ATM-0625526) for this research. SEM/EDX, ESEM, and ICP-MS analyses were performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by OBER/DOE and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. PNNL is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RL0. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 36 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 44 IS 10 BP 830 EP 846 DI 10.1080/02786826.2010.497514 PG 17 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 668WS UT WOS:000283305300003 ER PT J AU Wang, Z King, SM Freney, E Rosenoern, T Smith, ML Chen, Q Kuwata, M Lewis, ER Poschl, U Wang, W Buseck, PR Martin, ST AF Wang, Z. King, S. M. Freney, E. Rosenoern, T. Smith, M. L. Chen, Q. Kuwata, M. Lewis, E. R. Poeschl, U. Wang, W. Buseck, P. R. Martin, S. T. TI The Dynamic Shape Factor of Sodium Chloride Nanoparticles as Regulated by Drying Rate SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER MEASUREMENTS; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; WATER-VAPOR; MICROSTRUCTURAL REARRANGEMENT; DENSITY CHARACTERIZATION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; COMBINED MOBILITY; SLIP CORRECTION; SALT PARTICLES; MORPHOLOGY AB The influence of drying rate on the dynamic shape factor chi of NaCl particles was investigated. The drying rate at the efflorescence relative humidity (ERH) of 45% was controlled in a laminar flow tube and varied from 5.5 +/- 0.9 to 101 +/- 3 RH s(-1) at ERH, where RH represents one percent unit of relative humidity. Dry particles having mobility diameters of 23-84 nm were studied, corresponding to aqueous particles of 37-129 nm at the RH (57%) prior to drying. At each mobility diameter and drying rate, the critical supersaturation of cloud-condensation activation was also measured. The mobility diameter and the critical supersaturation were combined in an analysis to determine the value of chi. The measured values varied from 1.02 to 1.26. For fixed particle diameter the chi value decreased with increasing drying rate. For fixed drying rate, a maximum occurred in chi between 35- and 40-nm dry mobility diameter, with a lower chi for both smaller and larger particles. The results of this study, in conjunction with the introduced apparatus for obtaining quantified drying rates, can allow the continued development of a more detailed understanding of the morphology of submicron salt particles, with the potential for the follow-on development of quantitative modeling of evaporation and crystal growth at these dimensions. C1 [Wang, Z.; King, S. M.; Rosenoern, T.; Smith, M. L.; Chen, Q.; Kuwata, M.; Martin, S. T.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wang, Z.; King, S. M.; Rosenoern, T.; Smith, M. L.; Chen, Q.; Kuwata, M.; Martin, S. T.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wang, Z.; Wang, W.] Shandong Univ, Environm Res Inst, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Freney, E.; Buseck, P. R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Freney, E.; Buseck, P. R.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ USA. [Lewis, E. R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Poeschl, U.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Biogeochem Dept, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. RP Martin, ST (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, 29 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM scot_martin@harvard.edu RI Poschl, Ulrich/A-6263-2010; Kuwata, Mikinori/E-4437-2011; Wang, Zhe/C-1660-2012; Kuwata, Mikinori/N-1585-2013; Martin, Scot/G-1094-2015; sdu, eri/O-2991-2015; SDU, Environ Res/P-4462-2015; SDU, ERI/G-8937-2016; OI Poschl, Ulrich/0000-0003-1412-3557; Wang, Zhe/0000-0002-5627-6562; Kuwata, Mikinori/0000-0002-2834-859X; Martin, Scot/0000-0002-8996-7554; SDU, ERI/0000-0003-2503-7398; Freney, Evelyn/0000-0002-9363-9115 FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER64529]; Chinese Government; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This material is based upon work supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER64529. The particle images were collected at the LeRoy Eyring Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy within the Center for Solid State Science at Arizona State University. Zhe Wang was the recipient of a Chinese Government Scholarship for Postgraduates. E. Lewis was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. We thank John Shilling and George Biskos for the valuable discussion. NR 50 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 44 IS 11 BP 939 EP 953 DI 10.1080/02786826.2010.503204 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 668XD UT WOS:000283307200003 ER PT J AU Butler, KM McDaniel, MA McCabe, DP Dornburg, CC AF Butler, Karin M. McDaniel, Mark A. McCabe, David P. Dornburg, Courtney C. TI The Influence of Distinctive Processing Manipulations on Older Adults' False Memory SO AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION LA English DT Article DE False memory; Distinctive processing; Neuropsychological; Source memory; Frontal lobes ID AGE-DIFFERENCES; PRESENTATION MODALITY; RECALL; YOUNG; RECOGNITION; ITEM; RETRIEVAL; ATTENTION; DEMENTIA; WARNINGS AB Covertly generating item-specific characteristics for each studied word from DRM (Deese-Roediger-McDermott) lists decreases false memory in young adults. The typical interpretation of this finding is that item-specific characteristics act as additional unique source information bound to each studied item at encoding, and at retrieval young adults can use the absence of this type of information to reject non-presented associated words that might otherwise be falsely remembered. In two experiments, we examined whether healthy older adults could use this strategy to reduce their false memories in the DRM paradigm. In Experiment 1, low frontal lobe functioning was associated with increased false memory in the item-specific strategy condition. Experiment 2 found more memory intrusions under item-specific encoding and the same amount of false memory in auditory and visual presentation conditions, i.e., no modality effect, even with 8 s of encoding time. Both findings are consistent with impaired distinctive processing by older adults. C1 [McDaniel, Mark A.] Washington Univ, Dept Psychol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [McCabe, David P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Psychol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Dornburg, Courtney C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Butler, Karin M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Psychol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Butler, KM (reprint author), 1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Psychol, Logan Hall,MSC 03 2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM kmbutler@unm.edu NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1382-5585 J9 AGING NEUROPSYCHOL C JI Aging Neuropsychol. Cogn. PY 2010 VL 17 IS 2 BP 129 EP 159 AR PII 913517718 DI 10.1080/13825580903029715 PG 31 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 562MY UT WOS:000275057200001 ER PT S AU Owens, IJ Remelius, DK Tiee, JJ Buck, SE Whittemore, SR Thompson, DC Shirey, R AF Owens, Israel J. Remelius, Dennis K. Tiee, Joe J. Buck, Steven E. Whittemore, Stephen R. Thompson, David C. Shirey, Robert BE Henry, DJ TI Cross Delay Line Sensor Characterization SO AIRBORNE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, RECONNAISSANCE (ISR) SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications VII CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Photocathode; micro-channel plate and remote sensing AB There exists a wealth of information in the scientific literature on the physical properties and device characterization procedures for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), charge coupled device (CCD) and avalanche photodiode (APD) format detectors. Numerous papers and books have also treated photocathode operation in the context of photomultiplier tube (PMT) operation for either non imaging applications or limited night vision capability. However, much less information has been reported in the literature about the characterization procedures and properties of photocathode detectors with novel cross delay line (XDL) anode structures. These allow one to detect single photons and create images by recording space and time coordinate (X, Y & T) information. In this paper, we report on the physical characteristics and performance of a cross delay line anode sensor with an enhanced near infrared wavelength response photocathode and high dynamic range micro channel plate (MCP) gain (> 10(6)) multiplier stage. Measurement procedures and results including the device dark event rate (DER), pulse height distribution, quantum and electronic device efficiency (QE & DQE) and spatial resolution per effective pixel region in a 25 mm sensor array are presented. The overall knowledge and information obtained from XDL sensor characterization allow us to optimize device performance and assess capability. These device performance properties and capabilities make XDL detectors ideal for remote sensing field applications that require single photon detection, imaging, sub nano-second timing response, high spatial resolution (10's of microns) and large effective image format. C1 [Owens, Israel J.; Remelius, Dennis K.; Tiee, Joe J.; Buck, Steven E.; Whittemore, Stephen R.; Thompson, David C.; Shirey, Robert] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Owens, IJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8132-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7668 AR 766810 DI 10.1117/12.852406 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS38 UT WOS:000285628000033 ER PT J AU Baskin, JM Bertozzi, CR AF Baskin, Jeremy M. Bertozzi, Carolyn R. TI Copper-Free Click Chemistry: Bioorthogonal Reagents for Tagging Azides SO ALDRICHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE click chemistry; [3+2] cycloaddition; bioorthogonal reagent; cyclooctynes; azides ID 1,3-DIPOLAR CYCLOADDITION REACTION; LIVING SYSTEMS; IN-VIVO; PHOTOCLICK CHEMISTRY; ALKYNE CYCLOADDITION; TERMINAL ALKYNES; CROSS-LINKING; CANCER-CELLS; LIGATION; FUNCTIONALIZATION C1 [Baskin, Jeremy M.; Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Baskin, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM crb@berkeley.edu OI Baskin, Jeremy/0000-0003-2939-3138 NR 58 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 35 PU ALDRICH CHEMICAL CO INC PI MILWAUKEE PA 1001 WEST SAINT PAUL AVE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53233 USA SN 0002-5100 J9 ALDRICHIM ACTA JI Aldrichimica Acta PY 2010 VL 43 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 609QC UT WOS:000278671100002 ER PT S AU Kidwell, P Lebanon, G AF Kidwell, Paul Lebanon, Guy BE Viana, MAG Wynn, HP TI A Kernel Smoothing Approach to Censored Preference Data SO ALGEBRAIC METHODS IN STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY II SE Contemporary Mathematics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AMS Special Session on Algebraic Methods in Statistics and Probability CY MAR 27-29, 2009 CL Univ Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL SP AMS HO Univ Illinois Urbana Champaign DE Rank data; kernel smoothing; generating functions AB Many real world applications produce ranked data which is partially missing or tied. Heterogeneous patterns of ties and missing values require the development of statistically sound techniques for capturing information in varied ranking types. We examine the application of kernel smoothing to such data, with a kernel that is the discrete analogue of the triangular kernel on the real line. We demonstrate the use of generating functions and an asymptotic approximation in computing the kernel smoothing estimator for ranked data with arbitrary missing values and tie structure. C1 [Kidwell, Paul] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kidwell, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 1114 Bldg 141,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kidwellpaul@gmail.com; lebanon@cc.gatech.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA P.O. BOX 6248, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940 USA SN 0271-4132 BN 978-0-8218-4891-3 J9 CONTEMP MATH PY 2010 VL 516 BP 225 EP 237 PG 13 WC Mathematics; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BQI94 UT WOS:000281135400017 ER PT S AU Rocklin, M Pinar, A AF Rocklin, Matthew Pinar, Ali BE Kumar, R Sivakumar, D TI Computing an Aggregate Edge-Weight Function for Clustering Graphs with Multiple Edge Types SO ALGORITHMS AND MODELS FOR THE WEB GRAPH SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Algorithms and Models for the Web Graph CY DEC 16, 2010 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA HO Stanford Univ AB We investigate the community detection problem on graphs in the existence of multiple edge types. Our main motivation is that similarity between objects can be defined by many different metrics and aggregation of these metrics into a single one poses several important challenges, such as recovering this aggregation function from ground-truth, investigating the space of different clusterings, etc. In this paper, we address how to find an aggregation function to generate a composite metric that best resonates with the ground-truth. We describe two approaches: solving an inverse problem where we try to find parameters that generate a graph whose clustering gives the ground-truth clustering, and choosing parameters to maximize the quality of the ground-truth clustering. We present experimental results on real and synthetic benchmarks. C1 [Rocklin, Matthew] Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Pinar, Ali] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rocklin, M (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM mrocklin@cs.uchicago.edu; apinar@sandia.gov FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development program of Sandia National Laboratories; DOE Applied Mathematics Research Program FX This work is supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program of Sandia National Laboratories.; This author is also supported by DOE Applied Mathematics Research Program NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-18008-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6516 BP 25 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BXT68 UT WOS:000297030700004 ER PT S AU Bradonjic, M Hagberg, A Hengartner, NW Percus, AG AF Bradonjic, Milan Hagberg, Aric Hengartner, Nicolas W. Percus, Allon G. BE Kumar, R Sivakumar, D TI Component Evolution in General Random Intersection Graphs SO ALGORITHMS AND MODELS FOR THE WEB GRAPH SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Algorithms and Models for the Web Graph CY DEC 16, 2010 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA HO Stanford Univ DE General random intersection graphs; random graphs; branching processes; giant component; stochastic processes in relation with random discrete structures ID LARGE INDEPENDENT SETS; COMPLEX NETWORKS; MODELS AB Random intersection graphs (RIGs) are an important random structure with algorithmic applications in social networks, epidemic networks, blog readership, and wireless sensor networks. RIGs can be interpreted as a model for large randomly formed non-metric data sets. We analyze the component evolution in general RIGs, giving conditions on the existence and uniqueness of the giant component. Our techniques generalize existing methods for analysis of component evolution: we analyze survival and extinction properties of a dependent, inhomogeneous Galton-Watson branching process on general RIGs. Our analysis relies on bounding the branching processes and inherits the fundamental concepts of the study of component evolution in Erdos-Renyi graphs. The major challenge comes from the underlying structure of RIGs, which involves both a set of nodes and a set of attributes, with different probabilities associated with each attribute. C1 [Bradonjic, Milan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bradonjic, Milan; Hagberg, Aric] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hengartner, Nicolas W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Informat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Percus, Allon G.] Claremont Grad Univ, Sch Math Sci, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP Bradonjic, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM milan@lanl.gov; hagberg@lanl.gov; nickh@lanl.gov; allon.percus@cgu.edu FU Department of Energy ASCR program; Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI grant [FA9550-10-1-0569]; Office of Naval Research grant [N00014-10-1-0641]; DOE-LDRD [20080391ER] FX Part of this work was funded by the Department of Energy ASCR program, by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI grant FA9550-10-1-0569, and by the Office of Naval Research grant N00014-10-1-0641. Nicolas W. Hengartner was supported by DOE-LDRD 20080391ER NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-18008-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6516 BP 36 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BXT68 UT WOS:000297030700005 ER PT S AU Esfandiar, P Bonchi, F Gleich, DF Greif, C Lakshmanan, LVS On, BW AF Esfandiar, Pooya Bonchi, Francesco Gleich, David F. Greif, Chen Lakshmanan, Laks V. S. On, Byung-Won BE Kumar, R Sivakumar, D TI Fast Katz and Commuters: Efficient Estimation of Social Relatedness in Large Networks SO ALGORITHMS AND MODELS FOR THE WEB GRAPH SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Algorithms and Models for the Web Graph CY DEC 16, 2010 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA HO Stanford Univ ID GRAPH; QUADRATURE; MATRICES; MOMENTS; TIMES; NODES AB Motivated by social network data mining problems such as link prediction and collaborative filtering, significant research effort has been devoted to computing topological measures including the Katz score and the commute time. Existing approaches typically approximate all pairwise relationships simultaneously. In this paper, we are interested in computing: the score for a single pair of nodes, and the top-k nodes with the best scores from a given source node. For the pairwise problem, we apply an iterative algorithm that computes upper and lower bounds for the measures we seek. This algorithm exploits a relationship between the Lanczos process and a quadrature rule. For the top-k problem, we propose an algorithm that only accesses a small portion of the graph and is related to techniques used in personalized Page Rank computing. To test the scalability and accuracy of our algorithms we experiment with three real-world networks and find that these algorithms run in milliseconds to seconds without any preprocessing. C1 [Esfandiar, Pooya; Greif, Chen; Lakshmanan, Laks V. S.; On, Byung-Won] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Bonchi, Francesco] Yahoo Res, Barcelona, Spain. [Gleich, David F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Esfandiar, P (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. EM pooyae@cs.ubc.ca; bonchi@yahoo-inc.com; dfgleic@sandia.gov; greif@cs.ubc.ca; laks@cs.ubc.ca; bwon@cs.ubc.ca NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-18008-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6516 BP 132 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BXT68 UT WOS:000297030700013 ER PT S AU Theiler, J Matsekh, AM AF Theiler, James Matsekh, Anna M. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Total Least Squares for Anomalous Change Detection SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVI CY APR 05-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE total least squares; change detection; chronochrome; covariance equalization; anomaly detection AB A family of subtraction-based anomalous change detection algorithms is derived from a total least squares (TLSQ) framework. This provides an alternative to the well-known chronochrome algorithm, which is derived from ordinary least squares. In both cases, the most anomalous changes are identified with the pixels that exhibit the largest residuals with respect to the regression of the two images against each other. The family of TLSQ-based anomalous change detectors is shown to be equivalent to the subspace RX formulation for straight anomaly detection, but applied to the stacked space. However, this family is not invariant to linear coordinate transforms. On the other hand, whitened TLSQ is coordinate invariant, and special cases of it are equivalent to canonical correlation analysis and optimized covariance equalization. What whitened TLSQ offers is a generalization of these algorithms with the potential for better performance. C1 [Theiler, James; Matsekh, Anna M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Theiler, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jt@lanl.gov; matsekh@lanl.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8159-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7695 AR 76951H DI 10.1117/12.851935 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS80 UT WOS:000285716700051 ER PT S AU Jakowatz, CV Wahl, DE Yocky, DA AF Jakowatz, Charles V., Jr. Wahl, Daniel E. Yocky, David A. BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI A beamforming algorithm for bistatic SAR image formation SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XVII CY APR 08-09, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE SAR image formation; bistatic SAR; beamforming; backprojection AB Beamforming is a methodology for collection-mode-independent SAR image formation. It is essentially equivalent to backprojection. The authors have in previous papers developed this idea and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the approach to monostatic SAR image formation vis-a-vis the more standard and time-tested polar formatting algorithm (PFA). In this paper we show that beamforming for bistatic SAR imaging leads again to a very simple image formation algorithm that requires a minimal number of lines of code and that allows the image to be directly formed onto a three-dimensional surface model, thus automatically creating an orthorectified image. The same disadvantage of beamforming applied to monostatic SAR imaging applies to the bistatic case, however, in that the execution time for the beamforming algorithm is quite long compared to that of PFA. Fast versions of beamforming do exist to help alleviate this issue. Results of image reconstructions from phase history data are presented. C1 [Jakowatz, Charles V., Jr.; Wahl, Daniel E.; Yocky, David A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jakowatz, CV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8163-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7699 AR 769902 DI 10.1117/12.851871 PG 6 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BSS79 UT WOS:000285716500002 ER PT J AU Kuczynski, B Targan, E Madison, C Weiner, M Zhang, Y Reed, B Chui, HC Jagust, W AF Kuczynski, Beth Targan, Elizabeth Madison, Cindee Weiner, Michael Zhang, Yu Reed, Bruce Chui, Helena C. Jagust, William TI White matter integrity and cortical metabolic associations in aging and dementia SO ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA LA English DT Article DE PET; DTI; FA; Metabolism; White matter; Dementia; Alzheimer's disease ID ISCHEMIC VASCULAR-DISEASE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY; CEREBROVASCULAR-DISEASE; HIPPOCAMPAL ATROPHY; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; TRACT INTEGRITY; FDG-PET; DIFFUSION; MEMORY AB Background: Studies show that white matter hyperintensities, regardless of location, primarily affect frontal lobe metabolism and function. This report investigated how regional white matter integrity (measured as fractional anisotropy [FA]) relates to brain metabolism, to unravel the complex relationship between white matter changes and brain metabolism. Objective: To elucidate the relationship between white matter integrity and gray matter metabolism using diffusion tensor imaging and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography in a cohort of 16 subjects ranging from normal to demented (age, >55 years). Methods: Mean FA values from white matter regions underlying the medial prefrontal, inferiorlateral prefrontal, parietal association, and posterior temporal areas and the corpus callosum were regressed with glucose metabolism (by positron emission tomography), using statistical parametric mapping (P < 0.005; voxel cluster, > 100). Regional cerebral glucose metabolism was the primary outcome measure. According to our hypothesis, those hypometabolic cortical regions affected by Alzheimer's disease would correlate with a lower FA of associated tracks. Results: Our data show inter-regional positive correlations between FA and gray matter metabolism for the prefrontal cortex, temporal, and parietal regions. Our results suggest that left prefrontal FA is associated with left temporal and parietal metabolism. Further, left posterior temporal FA correlated with left prefrontal metabolism. Finally, bilateral parietal FA correlated with bilateral temporal metabolism. Conclusions: These regions are associated with cognitive processes affected in Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular disease, suggesting a link with white matter degeneration and gray matter hypometabolism. Therefore, cortical function and white matter degeneration are related in aging and dementia. (C) 2010 The Alzheimer's Association. All rights reserved. C1 [Kuczynski, Beth; Targan, Elizabeth; Madison, Cindee; Jagust, William] Univ Calif Berkeley, Helen Wills Neurosci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kuczynski, Beth; Targan, Elizabeth; Madison, Cindee; Jagust, William] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Reed, Bruce] Univ Calif Davis, Alzheimers Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Reed, Bruce] Univ Calif Davis, No Calif Vet Affairs Hlth Care Syst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Weiner, Michael; Zhang, Yu] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Chui, Helena C.] Univ So Calif, Dept Neurol, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Kuczynski, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Helen Wills Neurosci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM beth.kuczynski@gmail.com FU National Institute on Aging [AG 12435] FX The authors thank Drs. Charles De Carli and Christine Nordahl for the creation of the MDT2 template used in our analyses. We also thank Dr. Lothar Schad from the German Cancer Research Center and the University of Heidelberg for providing the DTI sequence, and Dr. Geon-Ho Jahng of Kyung-Hee University (Seoul, South Korea) and Dr. Norbert Schuff of the University of California at San Francisco for refining the sequence to guarantee quality DTI data. This study was funded by grant AG 12435 from the National Institute on Aging. The authors report no conflicts of interest involving this study. NR 41 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1552-5260 J9 ALZHEIMERS DEMENT JI Alzheimers. Dement. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 6 IS 1 BP 54 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.jalz.2009.04.1228 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 550GS UT WOS:000274116900005 PM 20129319 ER PT J AU Horton, CF Richards, GD White, TD Macdowell, A Jabbour, RS Nasiatka, J AF Horton, Caroline F. Richards, Gary D. White, Tim D. Macdowell, Alastair Jabbour, Rebecca S. Nasiatka, James TI Color centers induced in dental enamel during synchrotron microcomputed tomography: Phase I assessment. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 79th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physical-Anthropologists CY APR 14-17, 2010 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Assoc Phys Anthropol C1 [Horton, Caroline F.; Richards, Gary D.; White, Tim D.; Jabbour, Rebecca S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Human Evolut Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Richards, Gary D.] Univ Pacific, AA Dugoni Sch Dent, Dept Physiol Sci, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. [Macdowell, Alastair; Nasiatka, James] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. [Jabbour, Rebecca S.] St Marys Coll Calif, Dept Biol, Moraga, CA USA. RI MacDowell, Alastair/K-4211-2012 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2010 SU 50 BP 131 EP 131 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 565LT UT WOS:000275295200349 ER PT J AU Yang, IV Warg, LA Davidson, EJ Kelada, SNP Kubalanza, K Collins, FS Chesler, EJ Churchill, G Miller, D Aylor, D de Villena, F Schwartz, DA AF Yang, I. V. Warg, L. A. Davidson, E. J. Kelada, S. N. P. Kubalanza, K. Collins, F. S. Chesler, E. J. Churchill, G. Miller, D. Aylor, D. de Villena, F. Schwartz, D. A. TI INNATE IMMUNE GENE DISCOVERY USING MACROPHAGE RESPONSE TO PATHOGEN-ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERNS (PAMPS) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yang, I. V.; Warg, L. A.; Davidson, E. J.; Schwartz, D. A.] Natl Jewish Hlth, Denver, CO USA. [Kelada, S. N. P.; Kubalanza, K.; Collins, F. S.] NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Chesler, E. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Churchill, G.] Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. [Miller, D.; Aylor, D.; de Villena, F.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. EM yangi@njhealth.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2010 VL 181 MA A1273 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29TP UT WOS:000208771000274 ER PT J AU Xu, HW Zhao, YS Zhang, JZ Wang, YJ Hickmott, DD Daemen, LL Hartl, MA Wang, LP AF Xu, Hongwu Zhao, Yusheng Zhang, Jianzhong Wang, Yuejian Hickmott, Donald D. Daemen, Luke L. Hartl, Monika A. Wang, Liping TI Anisotropic elasticity of jarosite: A high-P synchrotron XRD study SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Jarosite; elastic properties; compressibility; bulk modulus; equation of state; synchrotron X-ray diffraction ID HIGH-PRESSURE; MINERALOGY; ALUNITE; LATTICE; STATE; MARS AB The elastic properties of jarosite were investigated using synchrotron X-ray diffraction coupled with a multi-anvil apparatus at pressures up to 8.1 GPa. With increasing pressure, the c dimension contracts Much more rapidly than a, resulting in a large anisotropy in compression. This behavior is consistent with the layered nature of the jarosite structure, in which the (001) [Fe(O,OH)(6)]/[SO(4)] sheets are held together via relatively weak K-O and hydrogen bonds. Fitting of the measured unit-cell parameters to the second-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state yielded a bulk modulus of 55.7 +/- 1.4 GPa and zero-pressure linear compressibilities of 3.2 x 10(-3) GPa(-1) for the a axis and 13.6 x 10(-3) GPa(-1) for the c axis. These parameters represent the first experimental determination of the elastic properties of jarosite. C1 [Xu, Hongwu; Hickmott, Donald D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Zhao, Yusheng; Zhang, Jianzhong; Wang, Yuejian; Daemen, Luke L.; Hartl, Monika A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wang, Liping] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Xu, HW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hxu@lanl.gov RI Hickmott, Donald/C-2886-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Hartl, Monika/F-3094-2014; Hartl, Monika/N-4586-2016; OI Hartl, Monika/0000-0002-6601-7273; Hartl, Monika/0000-0002-6601-7273; Xu, Hongwu/0000-0002-0793-6923; Zhang, Jianzhong/0000-0001-5508-1782 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-AC52-06NA25396]; COMPRES, the Consortium for Materials Properties Research in Earth Sciences under NSF [EAR 15554]; Mineral Physics Institute, Stony Brook University FX We thank J. Majzlan for helpful suggestions and R. Peterson and an anonymous reviewer for constructive reviews. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Use of the X17B2 beamline was supported by COMPRES, the Consortium for Materials Properties Research in Earth Sciences under NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR 15554 and by the Mineral Physics Institute, Stony Brook University. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, under DOE contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 95 IS 1 BP 19 EP 23 DI 10.2138/am.2010.3280 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 541PY UT WOS:000273431700003 ER PT J AU Lumpkin, GR Blackford, MG Smith, KL Whittle, KR Zaluzec, NJ Ryan, EA Baldo, P AF Lumpkin, Gregory R. Blackford, Mark G. Smith, Katherine L. Whittle, Karl R. Zaluzec, Nestor J. Ryan, Edward A. Baldo, Pete TI Ion irradiation of the TiO2 polymorphs and cassiterite SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE TiO2 polymorphs; anatase; brookite; rutile; cassiterite; ion irradiation; defect migration ID INDUCED AMORPHIZATION RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; BEAM-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; RADIATION-DAMAGE; RUTILE TIO2; MGO-AL2O3-SIO2; TOLERANCE; ELEMENTS; OXIDES AB Thin crystals of rutile, brookite, anatase, and cassiterite were irradiated in situ in the transmission electron microscope using 1.0 MeV Kr ions at 50-300 K. Synthetic rutile and natural cassiterite, with 0.1-0.2 wt% impurities, remain crystalline up to a fluence of 5 x 10(15) ions cm(-2) without evidence for amorphization at 50 K. Natural brookite and anatase, with 0.3-0.5 wt% impurities, become amorphous at fluences of 8.1 x 10(14) and 2.3 x 10(14) ions cm(-2), respectively. We have also studied two natural rutile samples containing similar to 1.7 and 1.2 wt% impurities. These samples became amorphous at 9.2 x 10(14) and 8.6 x 10(14) ions cm(-2) at 50 K, respectively. Further analyses of the fluence-temperature data for natural brookite, rutile, and anatase give critical amorphization temperatures of 168 +/- 11, 209 +/- 8, and 242 +/- 6 K, respectively. Results are briefly discussed with respect to several criteria for radiation resistance, including aspects of the structure, bonding, and energetics of defect formation and migration. C1 [Lumpkin, Gregory R.; Blackford, Mark G.; Smith, Katherine L.; Whittle, Karl R.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. [Zaluzec, Nestor J.; Ryan, Edward A.; Baldo, Pete] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lumpkin, GR (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, PMB 1, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. EM grl@ansto.gov.au RI Whittle, Karl/A-7404-2008; Lumpkin, Gregory/A-7558-2008 OI Whittle, Karl/0000-0002-8000-0857; FU U.S. DOE, Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-10-ENG-38]; Access to Major Research Facilities Program; Australian Government's FX The IVFM-Tandem Facility is supported as a User Facility by the U.S. DOE, Basic Energy Sciences, under contract W-31-10-ENG-38. We acknowledge financial support from the Access to Major Research Facilities Program that is a component of the International Science Linkages Program established under the Australian Government's innovation statement, Backing Australia's Ability. Synthetic rutile was provided by Lynn Boatner of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Natural samples of anatase and brookite were kindly provided by Alan Pring of the University of South Australia. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 95 IS 1 BP 192 EP 195 DI 10.2138/am.2010.3329 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 541PY UT WOS:000273431700027 ER PT S AU Xu, XX Su, TN Ehlert, S Bobela, D Beglau, D Pietka, G Li, Y Zhang, JY Yue, GZ Yan, BJ DeMaggio, G Worrel, C Lord, K Banerjee, A Yang, J Guha, S AF Xu, Xixiang Su, Tining Ehlert, Scott Bobela, David Beglau, Dave Pietka, Ginger Li, Yang Zhang, Jinyan Yue, Guozhen Yan, Baojie DeMaggio, Greg Worrel, Chris Lord, Ken Banerjee, Arindam Yang, Jeff Guha, Subhendu BE Wang, Q Yan, B Flewitt, A Tsai, CC Higashi, S TI High-efficiency Large-area Nanocrystalline Silicon Solar Cells Using MVHF Technology SO AMORPHOUS AND POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN-FILM SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - 2010 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium A on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mar Res Soc, Photovolta Technol Ctr, ITRI, NREL, ULVAC Inc, United Solar Ovon LLC AB We present the progress made in attaining high-efficiency large-area nc-Si: H based multi-junction solar cells using Modified Very High Frequency technology. We focused our effort on improving the spatial uniformity and homogeneity of nc-Si: H film growth and cell performance. We also conducted both indoor and outdoor light soaking studies and achieved 11.2% stabilized efficiency on large-area (>= 400 cm(2)) encapsulated a-Si: H/nc-Si: H/nc-Si: H triplejunction cells. C1 [Xu, Xixiang; Su, Tining; Ehlert, Scott; Beglau, Dave; Pietka, Ginger; Li, Yang; Zhang, Jinyan; Yue, Guozhen; Yan, Baojie; DeMaggio, Greg; Worrel, Chris; Lord, Ken; Banerjee, Arindam; Yang, Jeff; Guha, Subhendu] United Solar Ovon LLC, 1100 West Maple Rd, Troy, MI 48084 USA. [Bobela, David] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Xu, XX (reprint author), United Solar Ovon LLC, 1100 West Maple Rd, Troy, MI 48084 USA. FU US DOE under the Solar America Initiative Program [DE-FC36-07 GO 17053] FX The authors thank H. Fritzsche for valuable discussions, and S. Almutawalli, K. Younan, D. Wolf, T. Palmer, L. Sivec, N. Jackett, B. Sivec, J. Noch, J. Pfeiffer, G. St. John, B. Hang, B. Hartman, J. Piner, R. Capangpangan, R. Caraway, D. Tran, C. Steffes, S. Liu, J. Owens, as well as E. Chen for sample preparation and measurements. The work was supported by US DOE under the Solar America Initiative Program Contract No. DE-FC36-07 GO 17053. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-107-40800-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2010 VL 1245 BP 39 EP 44 DI 10.1557/PROC-1245-A02-01 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BH0IZ UT WOS:000395264900005 ER PT S AU Su, TT Bobela, D Xu, XX Ehlert, S Beglau, D Yue, GZ Yan, BJ Banerjee, A Yang, J Guha, S AF Su, Tining Bobela, David Xu, Xixiang Ehlert, Scott Beglau, Dave Yue, Guozhen Yan, Baojie Banerjee, Arindam Yang, Jeff Guha, Subhendu BE Wang, Q Yan, B Flewitt, A Tsai, CC Higashi, S TI Effects of Grain Boundaries on Performance of Hydrogenated Nanocrystalline Silicon Solar Cells SO AMORPHOUS AND POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN-FILM SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - 2010 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium A on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mar Res Soc, Photovolta Technol Ctr, ITRI, NREL, ULVAC Inc, United Solar Ovon LLC ID A-SI-H; MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON; DILUTION AB We investigate the effect of hydrogenation of grain boundaries on the performance of solar cells for hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) thin films. Using hydrogen effusion, we found that the amplitude of the lower temperature peak in the H-effusion spectra is strongly correlated to the open-circuit voltage in solar cells. This is attributed to the hydrogenation of grain boundaries in the nc-Si:H films. C1 [Su, Tining; Xu, Xixiang; Ehlert, Scott; Beglau, Dave; Yue, Guozhen; Yan, Baojie; Banerjee, Arindam; Yang, Jeff; Guha, Subhendu] United Solar Ovon LLC, 1100 West Maple Rd, Troy, MI 48084 USA. [Bobela, David] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Su, TN (reprint author), United Solar Ovon LLC, 1100 West Maple Rd, Troy, MI 48084 USA. FU US DOE under the Solar America Initiative Program [DE-FC36-07 GO 17053] FX The authors thank K. Younan, D. Wolf, T. Palmer, N. Jackett, L. Sivec, B. Hang, R. Capangpangan, J. Piner, G. St. John, A. Webster, J. Wrobel, B. Seiler, G. Pietka, C. Worrel, D. Tran, Y. Zhou, S. Liu, and E. Chen for sample preparation and measurements. We also thank H. Fritzsche for the in-depth discussions. The work was supported by US DOE under the Solar America Initiative Program Contract No. DE-FC36-07 GO 17053. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-107-40800-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2010 VL 1245 BP 113 EP 118 DI 10.1557/PROC-1245-A07-01 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BH0IZ UT WOS:000395264900015 ER PT S AU Xu, YQ Nemeth, B Hasoon, F Hong, LS Duda, A Wang, Q AF Xu, Yueqin Nemeth, Bill Hasoon, Falah Hong, Lusheng Duda, Anna Wang, Qi BE Wang, Q Yan, B Flewitt, A Tsai, CC Higashi, S TI P-LAYER OPTIMIZATION IN HIGH-PERFORMANCE A-SI:H SOLAR CELLS SO AMORPHOUS AND POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN-FILM SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - 2010 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium A on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mar Res Soc, Photovolta Technol Ctr, ITRI, NREL, ULVAC Inc, United Solar Ovon LLC AB We report our progress toward high-performance hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells fabricated in NREL's newly installed multi-chamber film Si deposition system. The a-Si: H layers are made by standard radio frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. This system produces a-Si: H p-i-n single-junction devices on Asahi U-type transparent conducting oxide glass with > 10% initial efficiency. The importance of the p-layer to the cell is identified: it plays a critical role in further improving cell performance. Our optimization process involves changing p-layer parameters such as dopant levels, bandgap, and thickness in cells as well as applying a double p-layer. With the optimized p-layer, we are able to increase the fill factor of our cells to as high as 72% while maintaining high open-circuit voltage. C1 [Xu, Yueqin; Nemeth, Bill; Hasoon, Falah; Duda, Anna; Wang, Qi] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Hong, Lusheng] Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Xu, YQ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-GO28308] FX The authors would like to thank Eugene Iwaniczko for helpful discussion. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC36-08-GO28308 to NREL. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-107-40800-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2010 VL 1245 BP 149 EP 154 DI 10.1557/PROC-1245-A07-15 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BH0IZ UT WOS:000395264900021 ER PT S AU Curtin, B Biswas, R Dalal, V AF Curtin, Benjamin Biswas, Rana Dalal, Vikram BE Wang, Q Yan, B Flewitt, A Tsai, CC Higashi, S TI Photonic Crystal Back Reflectors for Enhanced Absorption in Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells SO AMORPHOUS AND POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN-FILM SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - 2010 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium A on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mar Res Soc, Photovolta Technol Ctr, ITRI, NREL, ULVAC Inc, United Solar Ovon LLC AB Photonic crystal back reflectors offer enhanced optical absorption in thin-film solar cells, without undesirable losses. Rigorous simulations of photonic crystal back reflectors predicted maximized light absorption in amorphous silicon solar cells for a pitch of 700-800 nm. Simulations also predict that for typical 250 nm i-layer cells, the periodic photonic crystal back reflector can improve absorption over the ideal randomly roughened back reflector (or the '4n(2) classical limit') at wavelengths near the band edge. The PC back reflector provides even higher enhancement than roughened back reflectors for cells with even thinner i-layers. Using these simulated designs, we fabricated metallic photonic crystal back reflectors with different etch depths and i-layer thicknesses. The photonic crystals had a pitch of 760 nm and triangular lattice symmetry. The average light absorption increased with the PC back reflectors, but the greatest improvement (7-8%) in short circuit current was found for thinner i-layers. We have studied the dependence of cell performance on the etch depth of the photonic crystal. The photonic crystal back reflector strongly diffracts light and increases optical path lengths of solar photons. C1 [Curtin, Benjamin; Biswas, Rana; Dalal, Vikram] Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Biswas, Rana] Iowa State Univ, Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Curtin, B (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. FU NSF [ECCS-0824091, ECS0601377]; Ames Laboratory is operated for the Department of Energy by Iowa State University [DE-AC0207CH11385] FX We thank K. Han, N. Chakravarty, S. Pattnaik, and M. Noack for assistance with samples. We thank D. Vellenga and the North Carolina State University Nanofabrication Center for photolithography. We acknowledge support from the NSF under grants ECCS-0824091, ECS0601377 and the Iowa Powerfund. The Ames Laboratory is operated for the Department of Energy by Iowa State University under contract No. DE-AC0207CH11385. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-107-40800-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2010 VL 1245 BP 167 EP 172 DI 10.1557/PROC-1245-A07-21 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BH0IZ UT WOS:000395264900024 ER PT S AU Wienkes, LR Besaws, A Anderson, C Bobela, DC Stradins, P Kortshagen, U Kakalios, J AF Wienkes, L. R. Besaws, A. Anderson, C. Bobela, D. C. Stradins, P. Kortshagen, U. Kakalios, J. BE Wang, Q Yan, B Flewitt, A Tsai, CC Higashi, S TI Optical absorption in co-deposited mixed-phase hydrogenated amorphous/nanocrystalline silicon thin films SO AMORPHOUS AND POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN-FILM SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - 2010 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium A on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mar Res Soc, Photovolta Technol Ctr, ITRI, NREL, ULVAC Inc, United Solar Ovon LLC ID AMORPHOUS-SILICON; CONDUCTIVITY CHANGES; SOLAR-CELLS; SI AB The conductivity of amorphous/nanocrystalline hydrogenated silicon thin films (a/nc-Si:H) deposited in a dual chamber co-deposition system exhibits a non-monotonic dependence on the nanocrystal concentration. Optical absorption measurements derived from the constant photocurrent method (CPM) for similarly prepared materials are reported. The optical absorption spectra, in particular the subgap absorption, are found to be independent of nanocrystalline density for relatively small crystal fractions (< 4%). For films with a higher crystalline content, the absorption spectra indicate broader Urbach slopes and higher midgap absorption. These data are interpreted in terms of a model involving electron donation from the nanocrystals into the amorphous material. C1 [Wienkes, L. R.; Besaws, A.; Kakalios, J.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Anderson, C.; Kortshagen, U.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Bobela, D. C.; Stradins, P.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Besaws, A.] Coll Menominee Nation, Keshena, WI USA. RP Wienkes, LR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. OI Kortshagen, Uwe/0000-0001-5944-3656 FU NSF [NER-DMI-0403887, DMR-0705675]; NINN Characterization Facility; Xcel Energy grant under RDF [RD3-25]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; University of Minnesota Center for Nanostructure Applications; NSF MRSEC REU program FX This work was partially supported by the NSF under Grant Nos. NER-DMI-0403887 and DMR-0705675, the NINN Characterization Facility, the Xcel Energy grant under RDF Contract No. RD3-25, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, the University of Minnesota Center for Nanostructure Applications, and the NSF MRSEC REU program. The authors thank Yves Adjallah for the conductivity and Raman data. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-107-40800-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2010 VL 1245 BP 201 EP 206 DI 10.1557/PROC-1245-A09-03 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BH0IZ UT WOS:000395264900028 ER PT S AU Fields, JD Taylor, PC Bobela, DC Yan, B Yue, G AF Fields, J. D. Taylor, P. C. Bobela, D. C. Yan, B. Yue, G. BE Wang, Q Yan, B Flewitt, A Tsai, CC Higashi, S TI Investigation of Near-IR Emission from Hydrogenated Nanocrystalline Silicon - The Oxygen Defect Band SO AMORPHOUS AND POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN-FILM SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - 2010 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium A on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mar Res Soc, Photovolta Technol Ctr, ITRI, NREL, ULVAC Inc, United Solar Ovon LLC ID PRECIPITATION; FILMS AB Hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H), a mixture of nanometer sized crystallites and amorphous silicon tissue, demonstrates a photoluminescence band centered at similar to 0.7 eV, which emerges in response to annealing at an onset temperature of similar to 200-300 degrees C. This temperature range correlates well with hydrogen effusion spectroscopy studies, and evidence suggests thermal liberation of hydrogen from grain boundary regions allows oxidation of crystallite surfaces during annealing. We tentatively attribute the 0.7 eV PL in nc-Si: H to deep donor defect states related to oxygen precipitates, and argue for the possible involvement of dislocations inside of crystallites to accompany these precipitates. C1 [Fields, J. D.; Taylor, P. C.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Bobela, D. C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Yan, B.; Yue, G.] United Solar Ovon LLC, Troy, MI 48084 USA. RP Fields, JD (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU DOE grant through United Solar Ovanic under the Solar America Initiative Program [DE-FC36-07 GO 17053]; NSF [DMR-0073004]; NSF cooperative agreement through the Renewable Energy MRSEC at Colorado School of Mines FX This research was partially supported by a DOE grant through United Solar Ovanic under the Solar America Initiative Program Contract, No. DE-FC36-07 GO 17053, by an NSF grant, DMR-0073004, and by an NSF cooperative agreement through the Renewable Energy MRSEC at Colorado School of Mines. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-107-40800-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2010 VL 1245 BP 265 EP 270 DI 10.1557/PROC-1245-A13-01 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BH0IZ UT WOS:000395264900035 ER PT S AU Kiriluk, KG Williamson, DL Bobela, DC Taylor, PC Yan, B Yang, J Guha, S Madan, A Zhu, F AF Kiriluk, K. G. Williamson, D. L. Bobela, D. C. Taylor, P. C. Yan, B. Yang, J. Guha, S. Madan, A. Zhu, F. BE Wang, Q Yan, B Flewitt, A Tsai, CC Higashi, S TI A SAXS Study of Hydrogenated Nanocrystalline Silicon Thin Films SO AMORPHOUS AND POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN-FILM SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - 2010 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium A on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mar Res Soc, Photovolta Technol Ctr, ITRI, NREL, ULVAC Inc, United Solar Ovon LLC ID SI AB We have used small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) in conjunction with X-ray diffraction (XRD) to study the nanostructure of hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H). The crystallite size in the growth direction, as deduced from XRD data, is 24 nm with a preferred [220] orientation in the growth direction of the film. Fitting the SAXS intensity shows that the scattering derives from electron density fluctuations of both voids in the amorphous phase and H-rich clusters in the film, probably at the crystallite interfaces. The SAXS results indicate ellipsoidal shaped crystallites about 6 nm in size perpendicular to the growth direction. We annealed the samples, stepwise, and then measured the SAXS and ESR. At temperatures below 350 degrees C, we observe an overall increase in the size of the scattering centers on annealing but only a small change in the spin density, which suggests that bond reconstruction on the crystallite surfaces takes place with high efficacy. C1 [Kiriluk, K. G.; Williamson, D. L.; Taylor, P. C.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Bobela, D. C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Yan, B.; Yang, J.; Guha, S.] United Solar Ovon LLC, Troy, MI 48084 USA. [Madan, A.; Zhu, F.] MVSystems Inc, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kiriluk, KG (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-0702351, DMR-0073004]; NSF Renewable Energy Material Research Science and Engineering Center (REMRSEC) [DMR-08-20518]; Department of Energy through the SAI program [DE-FC36-07 GO 17053] FX The authors would like to thank the University of Colorado, Boulder for the use of their SAXSess setup. This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grants DMR-0702351 and DMR-0073004, and by the NSF Renewable Energy Material Research Science and Engineering Center (REMRSEC) under grant DMR-08-20518. The work at CSM and USO has also been partially funded by the Department of Energy through the SAI program under subcontract (DE-FC36-07 GO 17053). NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-107-40800-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2010 VL 1245 BP 271 EP 275 DI 10.1557/PROC-1245-A13-02 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BH0IZ UT WOS:000395264900036 ER PT S AU Groves, JR Hayes, GJ Li, JB DePaula, RF Hammond, RH Salleo, A Clemens, BM AF Groves, James R. Hayes, Garrett J. Li, Joel B. DePaula, Raymond F. Hammond, Robert H. Salleo, Alberto Clemens, Bruce M. BE Wang, Q Yan, B Flewitt, A Tsai, CC Higashi, S TI Biaxial Texturing of Inorganic Photovoltaic Thin Films Using Low Energy Ion Beam Irradiation During Growth SO AMORPHOUS AND POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN-FILM SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - 2010 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium A on Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology held at the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mar Res Soc, Photovolta Technol Ctr, ITRI, NREL, ULVAC Inc, United Solar Ovon LLC ID RECOMBINATION; TEMPLATES; SILICON AB We describe our efforts to control the grain boundary alignment in polycrystalline thin films of silicon by using a biaxially textured template layer of CaF2 for photovoltaic device applications. We have chosen CaF2 as a candidate material due to its close lattice match with silicon and its suitability as an ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) material. We show that the CaF2 aligns biaxially at a thickness of similar to 10 nm and, with the addition of an epitaxial CaF2 layer, has an in-plane texture of similar to 15 degrees. Deposition of a subsequent layer of Si aligns on the template layer with an in-plane texture of 10.8 degrees. The additional improvement of in-plane texture is similar to the behavior observed in more fully characterized IBAD materials systems. A germanium buffer layer is used to assist in the epitaxial deposition of Si on CaF2 template layers and single crystal substrates. These experiments confirm that an IBAD template can be used to biaxially orient polycrystalline Si. C1 [Groves, James R.; Hayes, Garrett J.; Salleo, Alberto; Clemens, Bruce M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Groves, James R.; DePaula, Raymond F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Hammond, Robert H.] Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Li, Joel B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Groves, JR (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. FU Stanford University's Global Climate and Energy Project FX This work is funded through an Exploratory Research Grant from the Stanford University's Global Climate and Energy Project. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-107-40800-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2010 VL 1245 BP 433 EP 438 DI 10.1557/PROC-1245-A20-06 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BH0IZ UT WOS:000395264900060 ER PT J AU Schalk, CM Luhring, TM Crawford, BA AF Schalk, Christopher M. Luhring, Thomas M. Crawford, Brian A. TI Summer microhabitat use of the Greater Siren (Siren lacertina) and Two-toed Amphiuma (Amphiuma means) in an isolated wetland SO AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA LA English DT Article DE Amphibian; aquatic habitat; aquatic salamanders; Caudata; depth; distribution ID TRITURUS; STRATIFICATION; AMBYSTOMA; AMPHIBIA; HABITS; NEWTS; DIET AB Although the habitats of the Greater Siren (Siren lacertina) and Two-toed Amphiuma (Amphiuma means) have been described on a coarse scale; the microhabitat(s) of these species has not been examined. We trapped from 12 June 2008 to 1 July 2008 in an isolated wetland on the Savannah River Site in South Carolina where these two salamander species occur in sympatry. Traps were set in three different microhabitats; the water's surface and benthic zone in deep water, and in a littoral zone. Siren lacertina captures were highest in the benthic zone, while A. means were captured more in the littoral zone. This differentiation in microhabitat usage may reflect a difference in prey availability or habitat structure; alternatively, it may be a response to interspecific interactions between species. C1 [Schalk, Christopher M.; Luhring, Thomas M.; Crawford, Brian A.] Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Schalk, Christopher M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Luhring, Thomas M.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Schalk, CM (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM cschalk@tamu.edu RI Luhring, Thomas/A-9489-2012 OI Luhring, Thomas/0000-0001-7982-5862 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0453493]; American Museum of Natural History; Savannah River Ecology Laboratory [DE-FC09-96SR18-546] FX We would like to thank B. Harris, C. R. Hickman, L. Lee, R. R. Sharitz, J. Sayre, A. R. Whitley, and J. D. Willson for their help with the design and fieldwork. L. A. Fitzgerald, D. J. Leavitt, J. D. Riedle, R. D. Semlitsch, N.L. Smolensky, and M. L. Treglia provided constructive comments on the manuscript. We thank J. W. Gibbons for his continual support and enthusiasm. Salamanders were captured under permit G-08-07 from the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources and under University of Georgia AUP approval # 2006-10069. Support was provided by the REU Program National Science Foundation Grant DBI-0453493, The American Museum of Natural History's Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Fund (awarded to TML), and the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory under Financial Assistance Award DE-FC09-96SR18-546 between the University of Georgia and the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0173-5373 J9 AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA JI Amphib. Reptil. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 2 BP 251 EP 256 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 585SM UT WOS:000276849300010 ER PT J AU Wang, GF Stender, AS Sun, W Fang, N AF Wang, Gufeng Stender, Anthony S. Sun, Wei Fang, Ning TI Optical imaging of non-fluorescent nanoparticle probes in live cells SO ANALYST LA English DT Review ID STOKES-RAMAN SCATTERING; INTERFERENCE CONTRAST MICROSCOPY; GOLD NANORODS; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; LIVING CELL; TRACKING; DYNAMICS; BIOLOGY; METAL; ENHANCEMENT AB Precise imaging of cellular and subcellular structures and dynamic processes in live cells is crucial for fundamental research in life sciences and in medical applications. Non-fluorescent nanoparticles are an important type of optical probe used in live-cell imaging due to their photostability, large optical cross-sections, and low toxicity. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in the optical imaging of non-fluorescent nanoparticle probes in live cells. C1 [Fang, Ning] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fang, N (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM nfang@iastate.edu RI Wang, Gufeng/B-3972-2011; Fang, Ning/A-8456-2011 NR 44 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2010 VL 135 IS 2 BP 215 EP 221 DI 10.1039/b916395f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 547WZ UT WOS:000273921800002 PM 20098755 ER PT J AU Shalliker, RA Guiochon, G AF Shalliker, R. Andrew Guiochon, Georges TI Solvent viscosity mismatch between the solute plug and the mobile phase: Considerations in the applications of two-dimensional HPLC SO ANALYST LA English DT Review ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SAMPLE SOLVENT; RADIAL HOMOGENEITY; COLUMNS; DISPERSION; EFFICIENCY; CONSEQUENCE; ELECTRODES; SHAPE AB Understanding the nature of viscosity contrast induced flow instabilities is an important aspect in the design of two-dimensional HPLC separations. When the viscosity contrast between the sample plug and the mobile phase is sufficiently large, the phenomenon known as viscous fingering can be induced. Viscous fingering is a flow instability phenomenon that occurs at the interface between two fluids with different viscosities. In liquid chromatography, viscous fingering results in the solute band undergoing a change in form as it enters into the chromatography column. Moreover, even in the absence of viscous fingering, band shapes change shape at low viscosity contrasts. These changes can result in a noticeable change in separation performance, with the result depending on whether the solvent pushing the solute plug has a higher or lower viscosity than the solute plug. These viscosity induced changes become more important as the solute injection volume increases and hence understanding the process becomes critical in the implementation of multidimensional HPLC techniques, since in these techniques the sample injection plug into the second dimension is an order of magnitude greater than in one-dimensional HPLC. This review article assesses the current understanding of the viscosity contrast induced processes as they relate to liquid chromatographic separation behaviour. C1 [Shalliker, R. Andrew] Univ Western Sydney, Australian Ctr Res Separat Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Shalliker, R. Andrew] Univ Western Sydney, Nanoscale Org & Dynam Grp, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Guiochon, Georges] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Guiochon, Georges] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Shalliker, RA (reprint author), Univ Western Sydney, Australian Ctr Res Separat Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. EM r.shalliker@uws.edu.au NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2010 VL 135 IS 2 BP 222 EP 229 DI 10.1039/b908633c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 547WZ UT WOS:000273921800003 PM 20098756 ER PT J AU Beveridge, AC Jett, JH Keller, RA Pratt, LR Yoshida, TM AF Beveridge, Andrew C. Jett, James H. Keller, Richard A. Pratt, Lawrence R. Yoshida, Thomas M. TI Reduction of diffusion broadening in flow by analysis of time-gated single-molecule data SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; CROSS-CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; TRANSPORT AB We describe the application of Extreme Value Statistics to the analysis of discrete species that possess distinguishable properties (fluorescence wavelength, fluorescence intensity, light scattering, etc.) as they cross a well-defined observation/probe region. Time-gated selection and extreme value data analysis result in increased resolution in analytical determinations. When only the data corresponding to the smallest crossing times are selected for analysis, the width of the diffusion band decreases for the measured parameter. The molecules with the smallest crossing times diffuse preferentially along the flow direction. A Monte Carlo technique and the probability density function (pdf) for a freely diffusing species are used to generate data streams to provide a theoretical basis for the aforementioned phenomenon. These calculations are included to characterize the effect of the average flow rate and the diffusion constant. We have also included a procedure for extracting the normal diffusion constant (D) from the Extreme Value Distribution. In contrast to standard flow analysis, which requires long path lengths, our approach is particularly suited for measurements in picolitre and nanolitre volumes and provides another dimension to single-molecule measurements in cellular size volumes. We believe that this is a general phenomenon that depends upon the details of the pdf, which can be complex. C1 [Keller, Richard A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Beveridge, Andrew C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Space & Response Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Jett, James H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Pratt, Lawrence R.] Tulane Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Yoshida, Thomas M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Keller, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM keller@lanl.gov RI Pratt, Lawrence/H-7955-2012; OI Pratt, Lawrence/0000-0003-2351-7451; Yoshida, Thomas/0000-0002-2333-7904 FU US Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration; NIH [RR018337-01]; NIH National Flow Cytometry Resource [RR-01315] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration. Funding was provided by the NIH (RR018337-01) and the NIH National Flow Cytometry Resource (RR-01315). NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 EI 1364-5528 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2010 VL 135 IS 6 BP 1333 EP 1338 DI 10.1039/b926956h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 600TM UT WOS:000278011800023 PM 20498883 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Maestre, R Harden, CS Ewing, RG Crawford, CL Hill, HH AF Fernandez-Maestre, Roberto Harden, Charles Steve Ewing, Robert Gordon Crawford, Christina Lynn Hill, Herbert Henderson, Jr. TI Chemical standards in ion mobility spectrometry SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; AMBIENT-PRESSURE; PLASMA CHROMATOGRAPHY; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; RESOLUTION; GAS; TIME; AIR; SEPARATION AB In ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), reduced mobility values (K(0)) are used as a qualitative measure of gas phase ions, and are reported in the literature as absolute values. Unfortunately, these values do not always match with those collected in the field. One reason for this discrepancy is that the buffer gas may be contaminated with moisture or other volatile compounds. In this study, the effect of moisture and organic contaminants in the buffer gas on the mobility of IMS standards and analytes was investigated for the first time using IMS directly coupled to mass spectrometry. 2,4-Dimethylpyridine, 2,6-di-tertbutylpyridine (DTBP), and tetrabutylammonium, tetrapropylammonium, tetraethylammonium, and tetramethylammonium chlorides were used as chemical standards. In general, the mobility of IMS standard product ions was not affected by small amounts of contamination while the mobilities of many analytes were affected. In the presence of contaminants in the buffer gas, the mobility of analyte ions is often decreased by forming ion-molecule clusters with the contaminant. To ensure the measurement of accurate reduced mobility values, two IMS standards are required: an instrument and a mobility standard. An instrument standard is not affected by contaminants in the buffer gas, and provides an accurate measurement of the instrumental parameters, such as voltage, drift length, pressure, and temperature. The mobility standard behaves like an analyte ion in that the compound's mobility is affected by low levels of contamination in the buffer gas. Prudent use of both of these standards can lead to improved measurement of accurate reduced mobility values. C1 [Fernandez-Maestre, Roberto; Crawford, Christina Lynn; Hill, Herbert Henderson, Jr.] Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Harden, Charles Steve] USA, SAIC, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr Operat, Gunpowder, MD 21010 USA. [Ewing, Robert Gordon] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Fernandez-Maestre, Roberto] Univ Cartagena, Grp Quim Aplicada, Programa Quim, Cartagena, Colombia. RP Hill, HH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM hhhill@wsu.edu OI Fernandez-Maestre, Roberto/0000-0001-6791-5318 FU Science Applications Intl.; SAIC/US Army, Edgewood Chemical Biological Center Operations FX This work was supported by a grant from Science Applications Intl. and in part by a grant from SAIC/US Army, Edgewood Chemical Biological Center Operations P.O. Box 68 Gunpowder, MD 21010-0068, USA. NR 53 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 38 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2010 VL 135 IS 6 BP 1433 EP 1442 DI 10.1039/b915202d PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 600TM UT WOS:000278011800039 PM 20369157 ER PT J AU Stevenson, PG Mnatsakanyan, M Guiochon, G Shalliker, RA AF Stevenson, Paul G. Mnatsakanyan, Mariam Guiochon, Georges Shalliker, R. Andrew TI Peak picking and the assessment of separation performance in two-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTRAL SIMILARITY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHEMOMETRIC DECONVOLUTION; FINGERPRINT ANALYSIS; LOCATING ANALYTES; ARRAY DETECTION; ACID ISOMERS; SPECTROMETRY; ALGORITHM; ORTHOGONALITY AB An algorithm was developed for 2DHPLC that automated the process of peak recognition, measuring their retention times, and then subsequently plotting the information in a two-dimensional retention plane. Following the recognition of peaks, the software then performed a series of statistical assessments of the separation performance, measuring for example, correlation between dimensions, peak capacity and the percentage of usage of the separation space. Peak recognition was achieved by interpreting the first and second derivatives of each respective one-dimensional chromatogram to determine the 1D retention times of each solute and then compiling these retention times for each respective fraction 'cut'. Due to the nature of comprehensive 2DHPLC adjacent cut fractions may contain peaks common to more than one cut fraction. The algorithm determined which components were common in adjacent cuts and subsequently calculated the peak maximum profile by interpolating the space between adjacent peaks. This algorithm was applied to the analysis of a two-dimensional separation of an apple flesh extract separated in a first dimension comprising a cyano stationary phase and an aqueous/THF mobile phase as the first dimension and a second dimension comprising C18-Hydro with an aqueous/MeOH mobile phase. A total of 187 peaks were detected. C1 [Stevenson, Paul G.; Mnatsakanyan, Mariam; Shalliker, R. Andrew] Univ Western Sydney Node, ACROSS, Parramatta, NSW, Australia. [Mnatsakanyan, Mariam; Shalliker, R. Andrew] Univ Western Sydney, Nanoscale Org, Parramatta, NSW, Australia. [Mnatsakanyan, Mariam; Shalliker, R. Andrew] Univ Western Sydney, Dynam Grp, Parramatta, NSW, Australia. [Stevenson, Paul G.; Shalliker, R. Andrew] Univ Western Sydney, Ctr Complementary Med Res, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia. [Guiochon, Georges] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Guiochon, Georges] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Shalliker, RA (reprint author), Univ Western Sydney Node, ACROSS, Parramatta, NSW, Australia. EM r.shalliker@uws.edu.au RI Stevenson, Paul/F-7285-2010 OI Stevenson, Paul/0000-0001-6780-6859 FU Phenomenex and UWS FX Two of the authors (PGS and MM) would like to acknowledge the receipt of UWS postgraduate research awards. This work was supported by a Phenomenex and UWS Partnership Grant. NR 40 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2010 VL 135 IS 7 BP 1541 EP 1550 DI 10.1039/b922759h PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 614ZH UT WOS:000279098000008 PM 20442968 ER PT J AU Kang, SH Lee, S Yeung, ES AF Kang, Seong Ho Lee, Seungah Yeung, Edward S. TI Digestion of individual DNA molecules by lambda-exonuclease at liquid-solid interface SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID GENETIC RECOMBINATION; BETA PROTEIN; PHAGE LAMBDA; SINGLE; DYNAMICS; KINETICS; SYSTEM AB Enzyme digestion of single DNA molecules was directly observed in real time by dual-color total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM). Individual lambda-DNA molecules labeled with the fluorescent dye, YOYO-1, were stretched in a laminar flow stream and immobilized on a bare fused-silica prism surface based on hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Enzyme digestion was initiated by the influx of lambda-exonuclease enzyme via capillary force. When the dye : bp ratio was higher than 1 : 20, the exact digestion rate could not be measured because of induced photocleavage of the DNA molecules. At a dye : bp ratio of 1 : 50, shortening of the DNA strand was recorded in real time. Unlike previous studies, the length-based digestion rate of lambda-exonuclease showed 3 distinct values in the range of 0.173(+/-0.024) to 0.462(+/-0.152) mm s(-1) at 37 degrees C. That is, different enzyme molecules exhibit different digestion dynamics. Digestion was also monitored based on the decrease in fluorescence intensity, but uncertainties were much larger due to the distance dependent excitation intensity in the TIRF mode. C1 [Kang, Seong Ho; Lee, Seungah; Yeung, Edward S.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kang, Seong Ho; Lee, Seungah; Yeung, Edward S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kang, Seong Ho] Chonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Jeonju 561756, South Korea. [Kang, Seong Ho] Chonbuk Natl Univ, Res Inst Phys & Chem RINPAC, Jeonju 561756, South Korea. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM yeung@ameslab.gov FU US Department of Energy [AC02-07CH11358]; Director of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences; Chonbuk National University FX The Ames Laboratory is operated for the US Department of Energy by Iowa State University for the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. This work was supported by the Director of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences and partially supported by research funds of Chonbuk National University in 2008. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2010 VL 135 IS 7 BP 1759 EP 1764 DI 10.1039/c0an00145g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 614ZH UT WOS:000279098000038 PM 20436973 ER PT J AU Roach, PJ Laskin, J Laskin, A AF Roach, Patrick J. Laskin, Julia Laskin, Alexander TI Nanospray desorption electrospray ionization: an ambient method for liquid-extraction surface sampling in mass spectrometry SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID THIN-LAYER-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HIGH-THROUGHPUT ANALYSIS; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; DESI; MECHANISMS; ANALYTES; PROBE AB Nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI) mass spectrometry is presented as an ambient pressure liquid extraction-ionization technique for analysis of organic and biological molecules on substrates. Analyte is desorbed into a solvent bridge formed between two capillaries and the analysis surface. One capillary supplies solvent to create and maintain the bridge, while the second capillary transports the dissolved analyte from the bridge to the mass spectrometer. A high voltage applied between the inlet of mass spectrometer and the primary capillary creates a self-aspirating nanospray. This approach enables the separation of desorption and ionization events, thus providing independent control of desorption, ionization, and transport of the analyte. We present analytical capabilities of the method and discuss its potential for imaging applications. C1 [Roach, Patrick J.; Laskin, Julia] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Laskin, Alexander] Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Roach, PJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, POB 999,MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Patrick.Roach@pnl.gov RI Roach, Patrick/G-5615-2012; Laskin, Alexander/I-2574-2012; Laskin, Julia/H-9974-2012 OI Laskin, Alexander/0000-0002-7836-8417; Laskin, Julia/0000-0002-4533-9644 FU W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL); US Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; Chemical Sciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US DOE FX The research was supported by the intramural research and development program of the W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by the US Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. EMSL is located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) operated by Battelle for the US DOE. Patrick Roach acknowledges the support from the Chemical Sciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US DOE. NR 36 TC 152 Z9 154 U1 13 U2 129 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2010 VL 135 IS 9 BP 2233 EP 2236 DI 10.1039/c0an00312c PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 639WM UT WOS:000281007300005 PM 20593081 ER PT J AU Sa, J Fernandes, DLA Aiouache, F Goguet, A Hardacre, C Lundie, D Naeem, W Partridge, WP Stere, C AF Sa, Jacinto Abreu Fernandes, Daniel Luis Aiouache, Farid Goguet, Alexandre Hardacre, Christopher Lundie, David Naeem, Wasif Partridge, William P. Stere, Cristina TI SpaciMS: spatial and temporal operando resolution of reactions within catalytic monoliths SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID STORAGE-REDUCTION CATALYST; SELF-SUSTAINED OSCILLATIONS; LEAN NOX TRAP; CO OXIDATION; STRUCTURED CATALYSTS; SUPPORTED CATALYSTS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; REGENERATION; TEMPERATURE; PLATINUM AB Monolithic catalysts are widely used as structured catalysts, especially in the abatement of pollutants. Probing what happens inside these monoliths during operation is, therefore, vital for modelling and prediction of the catalyst behavior. SpaciMS is a spatially resolved capillary-inlet mass spectroscopy system allowing for the generation of spatially resolved maps of the reactions within monoliths. In this study SpaciMS results combined with 3D CFD modelling demonstrate that SpaciMS is a highly sensitive and minimally invasive technique that can provide reaction maps as well as catalytic temporal behavior. Herein we illustrate this by examining kinetic oscillations during a CO oxidation reaction over a Pt/Rh on alumina catalyst supported on a cordierite monolith. These oscillations were only observed within the monolith by SpaciMS between 30 and 90% CO conversion. Equivalent experiments performed in a plug-flow reactor using this catalyst in a crushed form over a similar range of reaction conditions did not display any oscillations demonstrating the importance of intra monolith analysis. This work demonstrates that the SpaciMS offers an accurate and comprehensive picture of structured catalysts under operation. C1 [Sa, Jacinto; Aiouache, Farid; Goguet, Alexandre; Hardacre, Christopher; Stere, Cristina] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. [Abreu Fernandes, Daniel Luis] Univ Aveiro, Dept Quim, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. [Lundie, David] Hiden Analyt Ltd, Warrington WA5 7UN, Cheshire, England. [Naeem, Wasif] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Elect Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Belfast BT9 5AH, Antrim, North Ireland. [Partridge, William P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stere, C (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, David Keir Bldg,Stranmillis Rd, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. EM a.goguet@qub.ac.uk OI Hardacre, Christopher/0000-0001-7256-6765 FU EPSRC FX We acknowledge EPSRC for funding. NR 32 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2010 VL 135 IS 9 BP 2260 EP 2272 DI 10.1039/c0an00303d PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 639WM UT WOS:000281007300009 PM 20697617 ER PT J AU Sun, XF Kelly, RT Tang, KQ Smith, RD AF Sun, Xuefei Kelly, Ryan T. Tang, Keqi Smith, Richard D. TI Ultrasensitive nanoelectrospray ionization-mass spectrometry using poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchips with monolithically integrated emitters SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID NANO-ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION; MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; ION-SOURCE; CHIP; PERFORMANCE; DROPLETS; CHANNELS; REGIME; TIP AB Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is a widely used substrate for microfluidic devices, as it enables facile fabrication and has other distinctive properties. However, for applications requiring highly sensitive nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nanoESI-MS) detection, the use of PDMS microdevices has been hindered by a large chemical background in the mass spectra that originates from the leaching of uncross-linked oligomers and other contaminants from the substrate. A more general challenge is that microfluidic devices containing monolithically integrated electrospray emitters are frequently unable to operate stably in the nanoflow regime where the best sensitivity is achieved. In this report, we extracted the contaminants from PDMS substrates using a series of solvents, eliminating the background observed when untreated PDMS microchips are used for nanoESI-MS, such that peptides at concentrations of 1 nM were readily detected. Optimization of the integrated emitter geometry enabled stable operation at flow rates as low as 10 nL min(-1). C1 [Sun, Xuefei; Kelly, Ryan T.; Tang, Keqi; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Sun, Xuefei/C-5597-2009; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Kelly, Ryan/B-2999-2008 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Kelly, Ryan/0000-0002-3339-4443 FU US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research; NIH National Center for Research Resources [RR018522]; DOE [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830] FX We thank Dr. Ioan Marginean for helpful discussions. Portions of this research were supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research, the NIH National Center for Research Resources (RR018522). This research was performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a US DOE national scientific user facility located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in Richland, WA. PNNL is a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for the DOE under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. NR 51 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 39 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2010 VL 135 IS 9 BP 2296 EP 2302 DI 10.1039/c0an00253d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 639WM UT WOS:000281007300014 PM 20617264 ER PT J AU Regan, J Letant, S Adams, K Nguyen, N Derlet, R Cohen, S Vitalis, E Tammero, L Ortiz, J McBride, M Birch, J AF Regan, John Letant, Sonia Adams, Kristl Nguyen, Nga Derlet, Robert Cohen, Stuart Vitalis, Elizabeth Tammero, Lance Ortiz, Josue McBride, Mary Birch, James TI A sample-in-answer-out instrument for the detection of multiple respiratory pathogens in unprepared nasopharyngeal swab samples SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; TRANSCRIPTASE-PCR ASSAY; AUTONOMOUS DETECTION; DETECTION SYSTEM; INFLUENZA-A; VIRUSES; AGENTS; IDENTIFICATION; IMMUNOASSAY; PERFORMANCE AB Multiplex RT-PCR suspension array assays provide a powerful tool for identifying the causative agent(s) of respiratory infections. These assays are time consuming and laborious on a time-per-sample basis if only a few samples require processing. To address this shortcoming and provide an automated solution for fast detection and identification of viral pathogens, we developed the first automated multiplex RT-PCR suspension array instrument capable of handling unprepared clinical samples. The instrument requires less than 3 minutes of hands-on time for a result generated in similar to 2.5 hours. In analytical studies, the instrument performed as well as manually performed assays. The performance of the instrument and loaded multiplex viral detection assay was then tested using unprepared nasopharyngeal samples. The instrument-performed assay detected 61 of 71 RSV positive samples, for a sensitivity of 85.9%. Adenovirus (n = 5) and influenza B (n = 3) were less prevalent in the sample set, but detected to similar levels, 80% and 75%, respectively. The same sample set was also tested using FDA approved immuno-assay rapid tests, and the instrument was found to be more sensitive than the rapid tests with the sole exception being influenza A (n = 16), which was poorly detected due to significant sequence mismatches between the influenza A primer/probe set included in the multiplex mixture and the circulating influenza A strains. Overall, these data demonstrate the developed prototype platform performs multiplex array assays as well as hand-performed assays, and that the instrument's sensitivity and specificity are dictated by the quality of the loaded multiplex assay. C1 [Regan, John; Letant, Sonia; Adams, Kristl; Vitalis, Elizabeth; Tammero, Lance; Ortiz, Josue; McBride, Mary; Birch, James] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Nguyen, Nga; Derlet, Robert; Cohen, Stuart] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Regan, J (reprint author), Life Technol, 850 Lincoln Ctr Dr, Foster City, CA 94404 USA. EM jack.regan@lifetech.com FU LLNL [05-ERD-049]; National Institute for Health [U01-AI061184]; US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48, DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The development of MAAI and completion of the clinical evaluation would not have been possible without contributions from Anthony Makarewicz, Dean Hadley, John Dzenitis, Benjamin Hindson, Bruce Henderer, John Breneman, Ryan Mahnke, William Benett, Thomas Metz, Steve Brown, and Thomas Slezak of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and Danielle Manning and Ramandeep Bains of the UC Davis Medical Center. We would also like to thank Graham Marshall at Global FIA, Inc. for assistance in constructing the fluidic manifold; David Schnurr of the Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory (VRDL) at the California State Department of Health Services; James Jacobson and John Carrano of Luminex Corporation and BAE Systems for building, providing, and servicing the LX50 analyzers. We would like to acknowledge Stephen Lindstrom and Dean Erdman of the CDC for generously providing proprietary influenza and RSV signatures. This work was funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at LLNL under project tracking code 05-ERD-049 and by the National Institute for Health (U01-AI061184). This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract W-7405-Eng-48 and in part under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2010 VL 135 IS 9 BP 2316 EP 2322 DI 10.1039/c0an00223b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 639WM UT WOS:000281007300017 PM 20596587 ER PT J AU Kauffman, DR Star, A AF Kauffman, Douglas R. Star, Alexander TI Graphene versus carbon nanotubes for chemical sensor and fuel cell applications SO ANALYST LA English DT Review ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; METAL NANOPARTICLES; OXYGEN-REDUCTION; GRAPHITE OXIDE; ANCHORING SEMICONDUCTOR; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; DOPED GRAPHENE; LARGE-AREA; SINGLE AB Graphene, an atomically thin layer of sp(2) hybridized carbon, has emerged as a promising new nanomaterial for a variety of exciting applications including chemical sensors and catalyst supports. In this article, we survey modern methods of graphene production and functionalization with an emphasis on the development of chemical sensors and fuel cell electrodes with brief comparisons to state-of-the-art carbon nanotube-based systems. C1 [Kauffman, Douglas R.; Star, Alexander] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Kauffman, Douglas R.; Star, Alexander] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Star, A (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. EM astar@pitt.edu RI Star, Alexander/C-3399-2013; OI Kauffman, Douglas/0000-0002-7855-3428 FU Bayer Corporation; National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) under RDS [DE-AC26-04NT41817] FX D.R.K. acknowledges a graduate student fellowship through the Bayer Corporation. This work was performed in support of ongoing research in sensor systems and diagnostics at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) under RDS contract DE-AC26-04NT41817. NR 127 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 13 U2 124 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2010 VL 135 IS 11 BP 2790 EP 2797 DI 10.1039/c0an00262c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 666SA UT WOS:000283138100004 PM 20733998 ER PT J AU Zorba, V Mao, XL Russo, RE AF Zorba, Vassilia Mao, Xianglei Russo, Richard E. TI Optical far- and near-field femtosecond laser ablation of Si for nanoscale chemical analysis SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Laser ablation; LIBS; Silicon; Far-field; Near-field; Laser spectroscopy; Semiconductor materials ID INDUCED-BREAKDOWN SPECTROMETRY; MICROSCOPY; SCALE AB Extending spatial resolution in laser-based chemical analysis to the nanoscale becomes increasingly important as nanoscience and nanotechnology develop. Implementation of femtosecond laser pulses arises as a basic strategy for increasing resolution since it is associated with spatially localized material damage. In this work we study femtosecond laser far- and near-field processing of silicon (Si) at two distinct wavelengths (400 and 800 nm), for nanoscale chemical analysis. By tightly focusing femtosecond laser beams in the far-field, we were able to produce sub-micrometer craters. In order to further reduce the crater size, similar experiments were performed in the near-field through sub-wavelength apertures, resulting in the formation of sub-30-nm craters. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used for chemical analysis with a goal to identify the minimum crater size from which spectral emission could be measured. Emission from sub-micrometer craters (full width at half maximum) was possible, which are among the smallest ever reported for femtosecond LIBS. C1 [Zorba, Vassilia; Mao, Xianglei; Russo, Richard E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Russo, Richard E.] Appl Spectra, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rerusso@lbl.go RI Zorba, Vassilia/C-4589-2015 FU Chemical Science Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This research has been supported by the Chemical Science Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors are pleased to acknowledge helpful discussions with Paul Berdahl of LBNL. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 396 IS 1 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1007/s00216-009-3136-7 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 530BO UT WOS:000272564100016 PM 19787342 ER PT J AU Moore, DS AF Moore, David S. TI Long-term data archiving SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moore, DS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, DE-9,MS-P952, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM moored@lanl.gov RI Moore, David/C-8692-2013 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 396 IS 1 BP 189 EP 192 DI 10.1007/s00216-009-3224-8 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 530BO UT WOS:000272564100020 PM 19838825 ER PT J AU Martin, AN Farquar, GR Jones, AD Frank, M AF Martin, Audrey N. Farquar, George R. Jones, A. Daniel Frank, Matthias TI Human breath analysis: methods for sample collection and reduction of localized background effects SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO15) CY MAY 17-20, 2009 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE DE Bioanalytical methods; Breath analysis; GC-MS; VOC; Breath condensate ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; 2-DIMENSIONAL GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MULTIBED SORPTION TRAP; EXHALED BREATH; LUNG-CANCER; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ALVEOLAR BREATH; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE AB Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was applied, in conjunction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, to the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in human breath samples without requiring exhaled breath condensate collection. A new procedure, exhaled breath vapor (EBV) collection, involving the active sampling and preconcentration of a breath sample with a SPME fiber fitted inside a modified commercial breath-collection device, the RTube (TM), is described. Immediately after sample collection, compounds are desorbed from the SPME fiber at 250 degrees C in the GC-MS injector. Experiments were performed using EBV collected at -80 degrees C and at room temperature, and the results compared to the traditional method of collecting exhaled breath condensate at -80 degrees C followed by passive SPME sampling of the collected condensate. Methods are compared in terms of portability, ease-of-use, speed of analysis, and detection limits. The need for a clean air supply for the study subjects is demonstrated using several localized sources of VOC contaminants including nail polish, lemonade, and gasoline. Various simple methods to supply clean inhaled air to a subject are presented. Chemical exposures are used to demonstrate the importance of providing cleaned air (organic vapor respirator) or an external air source (tubing stretched to a separate room). These techniques allow for facile data interpretation by minimizing background contaminants. It is demonstrated herein that this active SPME breath-sampling device provides advantages in the forms of faster sample collection and data analysis, apparatus portability and avoidance of power or cooling requirements, and performance for sample collection in a contaminated environment. C1 [Martin, Audrey N.; Farquar, George R.; Frank, Matthias] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Martin, Audrey N.; Jones, A. Daniel] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Farquar, GR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM gfarquar@llnl.gov RI Jones, Arthur/C-2670-2013; Frank, Matthias/O-9055-2014 OI Jones, Arthur/0000-0002-7408-6690; NR 72 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 40 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 396 IS 2 BP 739 EP 750 DI 10.1007/s00216-009-3217-7 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 534PU UT WOS:000272910400022 PM 19844696 ER PT J AU Shvartsburg, AA Tang, KQ Smith, RD AF Shvartsburg, Alexandre A. Tang, Keqi Smith, Richard D. TI Differential Ion Mobility Separations of Peptides with Resolving Power Exceeding 50 SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ESI-FAIMS-MS; GAS-PHASE SEPARATIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CONFORMERS; SENSITIVITY; BRADYKININ; PROTEOMICS; RESOLUTION; ANALYZERS; MIXTURES AB Differential ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) or field asymmetric waveform IMS (FAIMS) separates gas-phase ions by mobility differences with respect to the electric field intensity. A major emerging FAIMS application is the fractionation of proteolytic digests. Using a planar FAIMS unit with helium/nitrogen mixtures, we have increased FAIMS resolving powers for peptide analyses from the prior maximum of similar to 20-30 to similar to 50-70. The resolution improved nearly 3-fold, allowing, in particular, separation of previously unresolved conformers. C1 [Shvartsburg, Alexandre A.; Tang, Keqi; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU Battelle; NIH National Center for Research Resources [RR18522] FX We thank J. J. Dunyach Thermo Scientific) for his help with instrumentation, Drs. D. Barnett and R. Guevremont for providing their measurements for peptides using cylindrical FAIMS, and Dr. R. Mabrouki for the peptide samples. Portions of this work were supported by Battelle and the NIH National Center for Research Resources (Grant RR18522). NR 24 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 1 BP 32 EP 35 DI 10.1021/ac902133n PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 539OT UT WOS:000273265700009 PM 19938817 ER PT J AU Mukundan, H Xie, HZ Price, D Kubicek-Sutherland, JZ Grace, WK Anderson, AS Martinez, JS Hartman, N Swanson, BI AF Mukundan, Harshini Xie, Hongzhi Price, Dominique Kubicek-Sutherland, Jessica Z. Grace, W. Kevin Anderson, Aaron S. Martinez, Jennifer S. Hartman, Nile Swanson, Basil I. TI Quantitative Multiplex Detection of Pathogen Biomarkers on Multichannel Waveguides SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; LIVE CELLS AB No single biomarker can accurately predict disease. An ideal biodetection technology should be capable of the quantitative, reproducible, and sensitive detection of a limited suite of such molecules. To this end, we have developed a multiplex biomarker assay for protective antigen and lethal factor of the Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin using semiconductor quantum dots as the fluorescence reporters on our waveguide-based biosensor platform. The platform is extendable to a wide array of biomarkers, facilitating rapid, quantitative, sensitive, and multiplex detection, better than achievable by conventional immunoassay. Our assay allows for the sensitive (limit of detection 1 pM each), specific (minimal nonspecific binding), and rapid (15 min) detection of these biomarkers in complex biological samples (e.g., serum). To address the issue of reproducibility in measurement and to increase our sample throughput, we have incorporated multichannel waveguides capable of simultaneous multiplex detection of biomarkers in three samples in quadruplicate. In this paper, we present the design, fabrication, and development of multichannel waveguides for the simultaneous detection of lethal factor and protective antigen in serum. Evaluation of the multichannel waveguide shows an excellent concordance with single-channel data and effective, simultaneous, and reproducible measurement of lethal toxins in three samples. C1 [Mukundan, Harshini; Xie, Hongzhi; Price, Dominique; Kubicek-Sutherland, Jessica Z.; Grace, W. Kevin; Anderson, Aaron S.; Swanson, Basil I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hartman, Nile] NGimat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Martinez, Jennifer S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Swanson, BI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM basil@lanl.gov OI Kubicek-Sutherland, Jessica/0000-0001-6215-4871 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We thank Dr. Jurgen Schmidt for many useful suggestions and helpful discussions. This work was supported by a LDRD Directed Research Award to B.I.S. and Bette Korber. This work was performed, in pail, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, user facility at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396). NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 1 BP 136 EP 144 DI 10.1021/ac901497g PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 539OT UT WOS:000273265700028 PM 20000585 ER PT J AU Fittschen, UEA Havrilla, GJ AF Fittschen, Ursula E. A. Havrilla, George J. TI Picoliter Droplet Deposition Using a Prototype Picoliter Pipette: Control Parameters and Application in Micro X-ray Fluorescence SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SPECTROMETRY; XRF; MICROFLUORESCENCE; TECHNOLOGY; PARTICLES; SAMPLES; SLICES; FUTURE; GLASS; IRON AB In this study, we introduce a Hewlett-Packard prototype picoliter pipette, the "thermal inkjet picofluidic system" MPS), for analytical purposes. In contrast to the use of actual inkjet printers, this instrument allows for control of all energy and time settings. We are able to show that in contrast to techniques delivering microliter and nanoliter volumes, evaporation has a major influence on the deposition of picoliter volumes and has to be treated seriously when picoliter depositions are applied in the laboratory for calibration purposes. We developed a strategy to reduce evaporation by varying different parameters, thereby achieving a precision of less than 10% for elemental depositions ranging from 1 to 300 picoliters and 1 to 2000 pg elemental deposits. Additionally, we determined the performance of the micro X-ray fluorescence (MXRF), instruments in terms of limit of detection (LODs), focal spot size, sensitivity, and precision and evaluated the TIPS deposits as reference materials for MXRF using single and multielement solutions. A linear response was observed with correlation coefficients from 0.991 to 0.999 for elemental deposits on AP1 film, and there was a standard deviation from 1 to 40%, depending on the element and the mass deposited. LOD's for Ni deposits on AP1 films were found to range from low picogram levels to subpicogram levels. The dried deposits were characterized for size and shape using light microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to estimate matrix effects and the area covered with sample material for the MXRF analysis. Diameters from 14 to 39 mu m and thicknesses from 200 nm to 2 mu m were measured. The accuracy of the dried spot approach was demonstrated by comparing multielement deposits from the TIPS with the NIST SRMs 1833 and 1832 thin film standards for MXRF analysis. The deviation from the SRMs was found to be better than 10%. C1 [Fittschen, Ursula E. A.; Havrilla, George J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fittschen, UEA (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Inst Inorgan & Appl Chem, Martin Luther King Pl 6, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. EM Ursula.fittschen@chemie.uni-hamburg.de RI fittschen, ursula/Q-1049-2015; OI Havrilla, George/0000-0003-2052-7152 FU Deutsche Forschungs Gemeinschaft (DFG) [LA-UR 09-05361]; National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX The authors thank Hewlett-Packard for the loan of the TIPS instrument. The TIPS is a prototype laboratory device used internally at Hewlett-Packard and with selected research partners. We also thank the Deutsche Forschungs Gemeinschaft (DFG) for funding the guest research stay Of Ursula Fittschen at LANL mid Chris Sparks from SVTC for the Auger measurement (LA-UR 09-05361). Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by the Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 1 BP 297 EP 306 DI 10.1021/ac901979p PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 539OT UT WOS:000273265700048 PM 19938818 ER PT J AU Achyuthan, KE Whitten, DG Branch, DW AF Achyuthan, Komandoor E. Whitten, David G. Branch, Darren W. TI Supramolecular Self-Assembling Cyanine as an Alternative to Ethidium Bromide Displacement in DNA-Drug Model Interactions during High Throughput Screening SO ANALYTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BINDING; POLYAMINES; CONDENSATION; DESIGN; ASSAY; DYES; ELECTROPHORESIS; SELECTIVITY; MECHANISM; AFFINITY AB Supramolecular self-assembling cyanine and spermine binding to genomic DNA was a model for DNA-drug interactions during high throughput screening. Spermine competitively inhibited the self-assembly of cyanine upon DNA scaffolds as signaled by decreased fluorescence from the DNA-cyanine J-aggregate. The sequence of DNA exposure to cyanine or spermine was critical in determining the magnitude of inhibition. Methanol potentiated spermine inhibition by >10-fold. The IC(50) and association constant (K(a)) in 16% methanol were 0.35 +/- 0.03 mu M and 2.86 x 10(6) M(-1) respectively, relative to 3.97 +/- 0.47 mu M and 0.25 x 10(6) M(-1) respectively, in buffer. Increasing concentrations of cyanine overcame spermine inhibition, demonstrating the reversibility of DNA-drug interactions. lambda DNA interacted similarly with spermine and cyanine, confirming system flexibility. The model drug, dye and methanol effects are discussed in detail. Cyanine might be a safer alternative to the mutagenic ethidium bromide for investigating DNA-drug interactions. C1 [Achyuthan, Komandoor E.; Branch, Darren W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Biosensors & Nanomat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Whitten, David G.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Achyuthan, KE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Biosensors & Nanomat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM kachyut@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency-Joint Science and Technology Office (DTRA-JSTO) [MIPR9FO89XR052-0, AA07-CBT008]; Sandia's Laboratory [139586, 105874] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. K. E. A. thanks the Defense Threat Reduction Agency-Joint Science and Technology Office (DTRA-JSTO) for funding (Project #MIPR9FO89XR052-0, Contract #AA07-CBT008). This work was also partially supported by Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research and Development Projects #139586 (K. E. A.) and #105874 (D. W. B.). NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU JAPAN SOC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY PI TOKYO PA 26-2 NISHIGOTANDA 1 CHOME SHINAGAWA-KU, TOKYO, 141, JAPAN SN 0910-6340 J9 ANAL SCI JI Anal. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 55 EP 61 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 544JT UT WOS:000273653500009 PM 20065588 ER PT J AU Todea, AM Merca, A Bogge, H Glaser, T Pigga, JM Langston, MLK Liu, TB Prozorov, R Luban, M Schroder, C Casey, WH Muller, A AF Todea, Ana Maria Merca, Alice Boegge, Hartmut Glaser, Thorsten Pigga, Joseph M. Langston, Melissa L. K. Liu, Tianbo Prozorov, Ruslan Luban, Marshall Schroeder, Christian Casey, William H. Mueller, Achim TI Porous Capsules {(M)M-5}(12)Fe-30(III) (M = Mo-VI, W-VI): Sphere Surface Supramolecular Chemistry with 20 Ammonium Ions, Related Solution Properties, and Tuning of Magnetic Exchange Interactions SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE assembly processes; counterion effects; magnetic properties; polyoxometalates; supramolecular chemistry ID CLUSTERS; KEPLERATE; WHEELS; UNITS; LINK C1 [Todea, Ana Maria; Merca, Alice; Boegge, Hartmut; Glaser, Thorsten; Mueller, Achim] Univ Bielefeld, Fak Chem, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. [Pigga, Joseph M.; Langston, Melissa L. K.; Liu, Tianbo] Lehigh Univ, Dept Chem, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Prozorov, Ruslan; Luban, Marshall] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Schroeder, Christian] Univ Appl Sci Bielefeld, Dept Engn Sci & Math, D-33602 Bielefeld, Germany. [Casey, William H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Casey, William H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Muller, A (reprint author), Univ Bielefeld, Fak Chem, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. EM a.mueller@uni-bielefeld.de RI Prozorov, Ruslan/A-2487-2008; Glaser, Thorsten/H-5187-2013; Liu, Tianbo/D-8915-2017; OI Prozorov, Ruslan/0000-0002-8088-6096; Glaser, Thorsten/0000-0003-2056-7701; Liu, Tianbo/0000-0002-8181-1790; Muller, Achim/0000-0003-0117-4021 FU Fonds der Chemischen Industrie; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [FOR945]; Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; National Science Foundation [CHM0723312] FX We thank Prof. Pierre Gouzerh (Paris) for discussions. A.M. and T.G. acknowledge continuous financial support by the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (in the framework of Forschergruppe FOR945 "Nanomagnets"). Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. TL. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (CHM0723312). NR 56 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 3 BP 514 EP 519 DI 10.1002/anie.200905460 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 552BX UT WOS:000274262800005 PM 20013836 ER PT J AU Ko, HH Zhang, ZX Chueh, YL Saiz, E Javey, A AF Ko, Hyunhyub Zhang, Zhenxing Chueh, Yu-Lun Saiz, Eduardo Javey, Ali TI Thermoresponsive Chemical Connectors Based on Hybrid Nanowire Forests SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE adhesion; gels; nanostructures; nanowires; noncovalent interactions ID GECKO FOOT-HAIR; N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE; ADHESION; HYDROGELS; ARRAYS C1 [Ko, Hyunhyub; Zhang, Zhenxing; Chueh, Yu-Lun; Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ko, Hyunhyub; Zhang, Zhenxing; Chueh, Yu-Lun; Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ko, Hyunhyub; Zhang, Zhenxing; Chueh, Yu-Lun; Saiz, Eduardo; Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Zhenxing] Lanzhou Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Magnetism & Magnet Mat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. RP Javey, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ajavey@eecs.berkeley.edu RI Javey, Ali/B-4818-2013; Ko, Hyunhyub/C-4848-2009; Zhang, Zhenxing/A-8762-2008; Chueh, Yu-Lun/E-2053-2013 OI Zhang, Zhenxing/0000-0002-4946-0492; Chueh, Yu-Lun/0000-0002-0155-9987 FU DARPA/DSO; NSF Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems; Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center; China Scholarship Council; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory FX This work was supported by DARPA/DSO, NSF Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems, and Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center. Z.Z. acknowledges a fellowship from the China Scholarship Council. The nanowire synthesis part of this project was supported by a Laboratory Directed Research and Development grant from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 23 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 3 BP 616 EP 619 DI 10.1002/anie.200904724 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 552BX UT WOS:000274262800029 PM 19998296 ER PT J AU Weinert, EE Plate, L Whited, CA Olea, C Marletta, MA AF Weinert, Emily E. Plate, Lars Whited, Charlotte A. Olea, Charles, Jr. Marletta, Michael A. TI Determinants of Ligand Affinity and Heme Reactivity in H-NOX Domains SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE bioinorganic chemistry; heme proteins; iron; ligand affinity; structural biology ID SOLUBLE GUANYLATE-CYCLASE; NITRIC-OXIDE; MYOGLOBIN; HEMOGLOBIN; MECHANISM; PROTEINS; MODEL C1 [Weinert, Emily E.; Marletta, Michael A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Calif Inst Quantitat Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Plate, Lars; Olea, Charles, Jr.; Marletta, Michael A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marletta, Michael A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marletta, Michael A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Whited, Charlotte A.] CALTECH, Dept Chem, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Marletta, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Calif Inst Quantitat Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM marletta@berkeley.edu OI Weinert, Emily/0000-0002-4986-8682; Plate, Lars/0000-0003-4363-6116 FU National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [F32L090174]; NIH [GM 070671]; Rogers Family Foundation FX Funding for this research was provided by the National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Award F32L090174 (E.E.W.), NIH grant GM 070671 (M.A.M.), and a grant from the Rogers Family Foundation (M.A.M.). NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 4 BP 720 EP 723 DI 10.1002/anie.200904799 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 554GR UT WOS:000274424000007 PM 20017169 ER PT J AU Pushkar, Y Long, X Glatzel, P Brudvig, GW Dismukes, GC Collins, TJ Yachandra, VK Yano, J Bergmann, U AF Pushkar, Yulia Long, Xi Glatzel, Pieter Brudvig, Gary W. Dismukes, G. Charles Collins, Terrence J. Yachandra, Vittal K. Yano, Junko Bergmann, Uwe TI Direct Detection of Oxygen Ligation to the Mn4Ca Cluster of Photosystem II by X-ray Emission Spectroscopy SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE coordination modes; manganese; photosystem II; spectroscopic methods; X-ray emission spectroscopy ID WATER OXIDATION; MN; TRANSITION; COMPLEXES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FLUORESCENCE; CHEMISTRY; MECHANISM; DIOXYGEN; CRYSTAL C1 [Pushkar, Yulia; Long, Xi; Yachandra, Vittal K.; Yano, Junko] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bergmann, Uwe] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, SSRL, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Glatzel, Pieter] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Brudvig, Gary W.] Yale Univ, Dept Chem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Dismukes, G. Charles] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Collins, Terrence J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Yachandra, VK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vkyachandra@lbl.gov; jyano@lbl.gov; bergmann@slac.stanford.edu RI Dismukes, Gerard/I-4905-2012; Glatzel, Pieter/E-9958-2010; Collins, Terrence/A-9807-2017 OI Dismukes, Gerard/0000-0003-0155-0541; Glatzel, Pieter/0000-0001-6532-8144; Collins, Terrence/0000-0003-2611-9184 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [EB-001962, R01 EB001962]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 55302, R01 GM055302, R56 GM055302] NR 21 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 4 BP 800 EP 803 DI 10.1002/anie.200905366 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 554GR UT WOS:000274424000027 PM 20017172 ER PT J AU Shustova, NB Mazej, Z Chen, YS Popov, AA Strauss, SH Boltalina, OV AF Shustova, Natalia B. Mazej, Zoran Chen, Yu-Sheng Popov, Alexey A. Strauss, Steven H. Boltalina, Olga V. TI Saturnene Revealed: X-ray Crystal Structure of D-5d-C60F20 Formed in Reactions of C-60 with A(x)MF(y) Fluorinating Agents (A = Alkali Metal; M=3d Metal) SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE fluorination; fluorofullerenes; fullerenes; metal fluorides; X-ray diffraction ID FULLERENE; C60F20; RAMAN C1 [Shustova, Natalia B.; Strauss, Steven H.; Boltalina, Olga V.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Mazej, Zoran] Jozef Stefan Inst, Dept Inorgan Chem & Technol, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Chen, Yu-Sheng] Univ Chicago, ChemMatCARS, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Argonne Natl Lab,Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Popov, Alexey A.] Leibniz Inst Solid State & Mat Res, Dept Electrochem & Conducting Polymers, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. RP Strauss, SH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM steven.strauss@colostate.edu; olga.boltalina@colostate.edu RI Popov, Alexey/A-9937-2011; OI Popov, Alexey/0000-0002-7596-0378; Shustova, Natalia/0000-0003-3952-1949 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 4 BP 812 EP 815 DI 10.1002/anie.200905832 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 554GR UT WOS:000274424000030 PM 20041462 ER PT J AU Yang, H Beavers, CM Wang, ZM Jiang, A Liu, ZY Jin, HX Mercado, BQ Olmstead, MM Balch, AL AF Yang, Hua Beavers, Christine M. Wang, Zhimin Jiang, An Liu, Ziyang Jin, Hongxiao Mercado, Brandon Q. Olmstead, Marilyn M. Balch, Alan L. TI Isolation of a Small Carbon Nanotube: The Surprising Appearance of D-5h(1)-C90 SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; fullerenes; samarium; X-ray diffraction ID CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION; STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; C-90 FULLERENES; STABLE ISOMERS; MINOR ISOMERS; C-60; TEMPERATURE; C-84; CAGE C1 [Yang, Hua; Wang, Zhimin; Jiang, An; Liu, Ziyang] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Chem, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. [Mercado, Brandon Q.; Olmstead, Marilyn M.; Balch, Alan L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Beavers, Christine M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jin, Hongxiao] China Jiliang Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Hangzhou 310018, Peoples R China. RP Liu, ZY (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Dept Chem, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. EM zyliu@zju.edu.cn; mmolmstead@ucdavis.edu; albalch@ucdavis.edu RI Beavers, Christine/C-3539-2009 OI Beavers, Christine/0000-0001-8653-5513 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [20971108]; National Science Foundation [CHE-0716843]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Z.-Y.L. thanks the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20971108), and A.L.B and M.M.O. thank the National Science Foundation (CHE-0716843) for support. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. DOE (Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231). NR 30 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 5 BP 886 EP 890 DI 10.1002/anie.200906023 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 556SP UT WOS:000274612500008 PM 20025012 ER PT J AU Crossley, EL Aitken, JB Vogt, S Harris, HH Rendina, LM AF Crossley, Ellen L. Aitken, Jade B. Vogt, Stefan Harris, Hugh H. Rendina, Louis M. TI Selective Aggregation of a Platinum-Gadolinium Complex Within a Tumor-Cell Nucleus SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE bioinorganic chemistry; DNA; gadolinium; platinum; tumors ID NEUTRON-CAPTURE THERAPY; MOTEXAFIN-GADOLINIUM; TERPYRIDINE COMPLEXES; CONTRAST AGENTS; DNA; BORON; CANCER; RADIOSENSITIZER; GLIOBLASTOMA; LIGANDS C1 [Harris, Hugh H.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Crossley, Ellen L.; Aitken, Jade B.; Rendina, Louis M.] Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Vogt, Stefan] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Harris, HH (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. EM rendina@chem.usyd.edu.au RI Harris, Hugh/A-4983-2008; Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013; OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Harris, Hugh/0000-0002-3472-8628 FU Commonwealth of Australia; U.S. Department of Energy [W-31-109-Eng-38]; Australian Research Council [DP0986055, DP0984722, DP0985807] FX We are most grateful to Dr. A. Levina and Dr. P. Witting (The University of Sydney) for their valuable assistance with the ICP-MS analyses of tumor and endothelial cells, P. MacKay (The University of Sydney) for the preparation of cells for the XRF studies, and Dr. R. Clarke (The University of Sydney) for enlightening discussions. This research was supported by the Australian Synchrotron Research Program, which is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia under the Major National Research Facilities Program. The use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract no. W-31-109-Eng-38. The research was also supported by Australian Research Council grants to L.M.R. (DP0986055) and H.H.H. (DP0984722 and DP0985807 (QEII Fellowship)). NR 31 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 34 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 7 BP 1231 EP 1233 DI 10.1002/anie.200902309 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 560NT UT WOS:000274910100007 PM 20077549 ER PT J AU Wang, SA Alekseev, EV Ling, J Skanthakumar, S Soderholm, L Depmeier, W Albrecht-Schmitt, TE AF Wang, Shuao Alekseev, Evgeny V. Ling, Jie Skanthakumar, S. Soderholm, L. Depmeier, Wulf Albrecht-Schmitt, Thomas E. TI Neptunium Diverges Sharply from Uranium and Plutonium in Crystalline Borate Matrixes: Insights into the Complex Behavior of the Early Actinides Relevant to Nuclear Waste Storage SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE actinides; borates; mixed-valent compounds; redox chemistry; solid-state reactions ID STRUCTURAL HIERARCHY; MINERALS; RADIATION; IV C1 [Wang, Shuao; Alekseev, Evgeny V.; Ling, Jie; Albrecht-Schmitt, Thomas E.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Wang, Shuao; Alekseev, Evgeny V.; Ling, Jie; Albrecht-Schmitt, Thomas E.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Alekseev, Evgeny V.; Depmeier, Wulf] Univ Kiel, Dept Crystallog, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. [Skanthakumar, S.; Soderholm, L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Albrecht-Schmitt, TE (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM talbrec1@nd.edu RI Ling, Jie/A-4136-2011; Wang, Shuao/H-7373-2012; OI Alekseev, Evgeny/0000-0002-4919-5211 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-01ER15187, DE-FG02-01ER16026, DE-SC0001089]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [DE 412/30-2, DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We are grateful for support provided by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, Heavy Elements Program, U.S. Department of Energy, under Grants DE-FG02-01ER15187, DE-FG02-01ER16026. This material is based upon work supported as part of the Materials Science of Actinides, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001089, by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for support within the DE 412/30-2 research project, and under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 at Argonne National Laboratory. We thank Professors Gregory S. Girolami and Peter C. Burns for helpful discussions. NR 24 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 41 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 7 BP 1263 EP 1266 DI 10.1002/anie.200906127 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 560NT UT WOS:000274910100015 PM 20084654 ER PT J AU Kan, E Xiang, HJ Lee, C Wu, F Yang, JL Whangbo, MH AF Kan, Erjun Xiang, Hongjun Lee, Changhoon Wu, Fang Yang, Jinlong Whangbo, Myung-Hwan TI Ferroelectricity in Perovskites with s(0) A-Site Cations: Toward Near-Room-Temperature Multiferroics SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE density functional calculations; ferroelectric distortion; indium; Jahn-Teller distortion; perovskite phases ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; BIFEO3; POLARIZATION; STABILITY; MOLECULES; EXCHANGE; PROGRESS; CRYSTAL; SOLIDS; PBTIO3 C1 [Kan, Erjun; Lee, Changhoon; Whangbo, Myung-Hwan] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Xiang, Hongjun] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Wu, Fang] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Sch Sci, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Yang, Jinlong] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei, Peoples R China. RP Whangbo, MH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM mike_whangbo@ncsu.edu RI Kan, Erjun/A-4322-2009; Yang, Jinlong/D-3465-2009; wu, fang/B-5119-2011; Xiang, Hongjun/I-4305-2016 OI Kan, Erjun/0000-0003-0433-4190; Yang, Jinlong/0000-0002-5651-5340; Xiang, Hongjun/0000-0002-9396-3214 FU U.S. DOE [DE-FG02-86ER45259]; NERSC Center; National Natural Science Foundation of China [50121202, 20533030, 10474087]; National Key Basic Research Program [2006CB922004]; SCCAS; Shanghai Supercomputer Center FX The work at NCSU was supported by U.S. DOE under Grant No. DE-FG02-86ER45259 and by the resources of the NERSC Center. The work in China was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (50121202, 20533030, 10474087), National Key Basic Research Program under Grant No.2006CB922004, the USTC-HP HPC project, and the SCCAS and Shanghai Supercomputer Center. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 9 BP 1603 EP 1606 DI 10.1002/anie.200905997 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564RS UT WOS:000275234800012 PM 20127774 ER PT J AU Zou, GF Luo, HM Ronning, F Sun, BQ McCleskey, TM Burrell, AK Bauer, E Jia, QX AF Zou, Guifu Luo, Hongmei Ronning, Filip Sun, Baoquan McCleskey, Thomas M. Burrell, Anthony K. Bauer, Eve Jia, Q. X. TI Facile Chemical Solution Deposition of High-Mobility Epitaxial Germanium Films on Silicon SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE germanium; mobility; solution deposition; thin films ID THREADING DISLOCATION DENSITY; POLYMER-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; STRAIN RELAXATION; SI; LAYERS; GE; SURFACTANT; SI(001) C1 [Zou, Guifu; Ronning, Filip; McCleskey, Thomas M.; Burrell, Anthony K.; Bauer, Eve; Jia, Q. X.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Luo, Hongmei] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Sun, Baoquan] Soochow Univ, Funct Nano & Soft Mat Lab, Suzhou 215123, Peoples R China. RP Zou, GF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gfzou@lanl.gov; bqsun@suda.edu.cn; qxjia@lanl.gov RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; ZOU, GUIFU/C-8498-2011; McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; sun, Baoquan/N-7225-2013; OI Ronning, Filip/0000-0002-2679-7957; Mccleskey, Thomas/0000-0003-3750-3245 FU US Department of Energy; National Natural Science Foundation of China [60976050] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the US Department of Energy through the LAN L/LDRD program and the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT) for this work. B.Q.S. thanks the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60976050) for support. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 37 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 10 BP 1782 EP 1785 DI 10.1002/anie.200905804 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 566QQ UT WOS:000275388300010 PM 20140919 ER PT J AU Zhang, S Shao, YY Yin, GP Lin, YH AF Zhang, Sheng Shao, Yuyan Yin, Geping Lin, Yuehe TI Electrostatic Self-Assembly of a Pt-around-Au Nanocomposite with High Activity towards Formic Acid Oxidation SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE heterogeneous catalysis; nanoparticles; oxidation; platinum; self-assembly ID FUEL-CELLS; OXYGEN-REDUCTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION; ALLOY NANOPARTICLES; CATALYSTS; PD; ELECTROCATALYSTS; ELECTROOXIDATION; PALLADIUM; CRYSTALS C1 [Zhang, Sheng; Yin, Geping] Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Chem Engn & Technol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Sheng; Shao, Yuyan; Lin, Yuehe] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yin, GP (reprint author), Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Chem Engn & Technol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. EM yingphit@hit.edu.cn; yuehe.lin@pnl.gov RI Zhang, Sheng/H-2452-2011; Shao, Yuyan/A-9911-2008; Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0001-7532-1923; Shao, Yuyan/0000-0001-5735-2670; Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 FU DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; China Scholarship Council; Natural Science Foundation of China [50872027] FX S.Z. and Y.S. contributed equally to this work. The work was done at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and was supported by a LDRD program. The characterization was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. PNNL is operated for the DOE by Battelle under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. S.Z. acknowledges a fellowship from the China Scholarship Council and PNNL to perform this work at PNNL. G.Y. acknowledges the support from the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50872027). NR 40 TC 191 Z9 193 U1 27 U2 158 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 12 BP 2211 EP 2214 DI 10.1002/anie.200906987 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 574QT UT WOS:000276008000024 PM 20186901 ER PT J AU Scroggins, ST Chi, YG Frechet, JMI AF Scroggins, Steven T. Chi, Yonggui Frechet, Jean M. I. TI Polarity-Directed One-Pot Asymmetric Cascade Reactions Mediated by Two Catalysts in an Aqueous Buffer SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article ID DIPHENYLPROLINOL SILYL ETHER; CROSS-ALDOL REACTION; MICHAEL ADDITION; ENANTIOSELECTIVE MICHAEL; CONJUGATED NITROALKENES; 4 STEREOCENTERS; PRIMARY AMINE; ALDEHYDES; WATER; ORGANOCATALYST C1 [Scroggins, Steven T.; Chi, Yonggui; Frechet, Jean M. I.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Scroggins, Steven T.; Chi, Yonggui; Frechet, Jean M. I.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frechet, JMI (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Chi, Yonggui Robin/H-9607-2013; Chi, Yonggui Robin/B-7023-2011 OI Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163; Chi, Yonggui Robin/0000-0003-0573-257X FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-ACO2-05CH11231] FX Financial support of this research by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences, and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No DE-ACO2-05CH11231 is acknowledged with thanks NR 67 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 13 BP 2393 EP 2396 DI 10.1002/anie.200902945 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 579LU UT WOS:000276372900024 PM 19688803 ER PT J AU Lu, JL Stair, PC AF Lu, Junling Stair, Peter C. TI Low-Temperature ABC-Type Atomic Layer Deposition: Synthesis of Highly Uniform Ultrafine Supported Metal Nanoparticles SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE atomic layer deposition; low-temperature techniques; metal nanoparticles; palladium; supported catalysts ID PD/SIO2 CATALYSTS; CLUSTERS; TITANIA; GROWTH; SILICA; SIZE C1 [Lu, Junling; Stair, Peter C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Lu, Junling; Stair, Peter C.] Northwestern Univ, Ctr Catalysis & Surface Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Stair, Peter C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Stair, PC (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM pstair@northwestern.edu RI Lu, Junling/F-3791-2010 OI Lu, Junling/0000-0002-7371-8414 FU Dow Chemical Company; DOE [DE-FG02-03ER15457]; AFOSR [MURI F49620-02-1-0381, DURIP FA-9550-07-1-0526]; DTRA JSTO [FA9550-06-1-0558] FX This work was financially supported by Dow Chemical Company under Dow methane challenge project. The ALD system construction was funded by DOE (DE-FG02-03ER15457), AFOSR (MURI F49620-02-1-0381, DURIP FA-9550-07-1-0526), and DTRA JSTO FA9550-06-1-0558. The authors thank Jeffrey W. Elam, Jeffrey T. Miller, Neng Guo and Kathryn M. Kosuda for the technical assistance, and David D. Graf, Lin Luo and Harold H. Kung for the constructive discussions. NR 29 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 7 U2 70 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 14 BP 2547 EP 2551 DI 10.1002/anie.200907168 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 584FU UT WOS:000276737300012 PM 20229555 ER PT J AU Rinehart, JD Kozimor, SA Long, JR AF Rinehart, Jeffrey D. Kozimor, Stosh A. Long, Jeffrey R. TI Tetranuclear Uranium Clusters by Reductive Cleavage of 3,5-Dimethylpyrazolate SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE actinides; cluster compounds; mixed-valence compounds; small-molecule activation; uranium ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; VALENT URANIUM; COMPLEXES; PYRAZOLATE; LIGAND; METAL; DINITROGEN; CHEMISTRY; TRIVALENT; CRYSTAL C1 [Rinehart, Jeffrey D.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kozimor, Stosh A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Long, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jrlong@berkeley.edu NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 14 BP 2560 EP 2564 DI 10.1002/anie.200906605 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 584FU UT WOS:000276737300015 PM 20198669 ER PT J AU Kang, SH Lee, S Yeung, ES AF Kang, Seong Ho Lee, Seungah Yeung, Edward S. TI Detection of Single Enzyme Molecules inside Nanopores on the Basis of Chemiluminescence SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE analytical methods; chemiluminescence; enzymes; nanopores; single-molecule studies ID FIREFLY LUCIFERASE; INDIVIDUAL MOLECULES; REPORTER GENE; MICROSCOPY C1 [Lee, Seungah; Yeung, Edward S.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kang, Seong Ho] Chonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Jeonju 561756, South Korea. [Kang, Seong Ho] Chonbuk Natl Univ, Res Inst Phys & Chem RINPC, Jeonju 561756, South Korea. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM yeung@ameslab.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences; Chonbuk National University [2008] FX The Ames Laboratory is operated for the US Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11358. This research was supported by the Director of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences and partially supported by research funds of Chonbuk National University in 2008. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 14 BP 2603 EP 2606 DI 10.1002/anie.200906713 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 584FU UT WOS:000276737300024 PM 20213783 ER PT J AU Kisielowski, C Ramasse, QM Hansen, LP Brorson, M Carlsson, A Molenbroek, AM Topsoe, H Helveg, S AF Kisielowski, Christian Ramasse, Quentin M. Hansen, Lars P. Brorson, Michael Carlsson, Anna Molenbroek, Alfons M. Topsoe, Henrik Helveg, Stig TI Imaging MoS2 Nanocatalysts with Single-Atom Sensitivity SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE chalcogens; electron microscopy; heterogeneous catalysis; molybdenum; single-atom imaging ID FULLERENE-LIKE NANOPARTICLES; HYDROTREATING CATALYSTS; INORGANIC NANOTUBES; S NANOCLUSTERS; MORPHOLOGY; MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; SITES C1 [Hansen, Lars P.; Brorson, Michael; Molenbroek, Alfons M.; Topsoe, Henrik; Helveg, Stig] Haldor Topsoe Res Labs, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Kisielowski, Christian; Ramasse, Quentin M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94708 USA. [Carlsson, Anna] FEI Co, NL-5651 GG Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP Helveg, S (reprint author), Haldor Topsoe Res Labs, Nymollevej 55, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. EM sth@topsoe.dk OI Carlsson, Anna/0000-0002-8554-0895 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Microscopy was performed at NCEM, which is supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The research was carried out for the Helios Solar Energy Research Center, which is funded under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 23 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 18 U2 109 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 15 BP 2708 EP 2710 DI 10.1002/anie.200906752 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 584VC UT WOS:000276780500010 PM 20232425 ER PT J AU Tangirala, R Baker, JL Alivisatos, AP Milliron, DJ AF Tangirala, Ravisubhash Baker, Jessy L. Alivisatos, A. Paul Milliron, Delia J. TI Modular Inorganic Nanocomposites by Conversion of Nanocrystal Superlattices SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE composites; ligand exchange; nanostructures; self-assembly; solution processing ID ELECTRIC-FIELD; NANORODS; FILMS; TRANSISTORS; ARRAYS; PHASE C1 [Tangirala, Ravisubhash; Milliron, Delia J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Baker, Jessy L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn & Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Alivisatos, A. Paul] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Milliron, DJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Milliron, Delia/D-6002-2012; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015 OI Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048 FU Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; U S Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We gratefully acknowledge D K Ko for providing PbSe nanocrystals, S Aloni for assistance with TEM imaging, A Hexemer for assistance and guidance with GISAXS measurements, and R Y Wang and J J Urban for several helpful discussions J L B was supported by a doctoral fellowship from the National Science Foundation This work was supported in part by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and work was completed at the Molecular Foundry, support by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U S Department of Energy under contract no DE-AC02-05CH11231 NR 34 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 53 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 16 BP 2878 EP 2882 DI 10.1002/anie.200906642 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 589FE UT WOS:000277131200009 PM 20301153 ER PT J AU Daly, SR Piccoli, PMB Schultz, AJ Todorova, TK Gagliardi, L Girolami, GS AF Daly, Scott R. Piccoli, Paula M. B. Schultz, Arthur J. Todorova, Tanya K. Gagliardi, Laura Girolami, Gregory S. TI Synthesis and Properties of a Fifteen-Coordinate Complex: The Thorium Aminodiboranate [Th(H3BNMe2BH3)(4)] SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE actinides; boron; coordination numbers; density functional calculations; neutron diffraction ID CRYSTAL NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; COORDINATION-NUMBER; TRANSITION-METAL; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; HYDRIDE COMPLEX; BOROHYDRIDE; URANIUM(IV); REACTIVITY; ELEMENTS; LANTHANIDE C1 [Daly, Scott R.; Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Sch Chem Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Piccoli, Paula M. B.; Schultz, Arthur J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gagliardi, Laura] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Todorova, Tanya K.] Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Chem, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. RP Schultz, AJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Sch Chem Sci, 600 S Matthews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ajschultz2@gmail.com; gagliard@umn.edu; girolami@scs.illinois.edu RI Todorova, Tanya/M-1849-2013 OI Todorova, Tanya/0000-0002-7731-6498 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [CHE 0750422]; PG Research Foundation; US Department of Energy, BES-Materials Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX G.S.G. thanks the U.S. National Science Foundation (CHE 0750422) and the PG Research Foundation for support of this work. We thank Scott R. Wilson and Teresa Prussak-Wieckowska for collecting the XRD data. Work at Argonne was supported by the US Department of Energy, BES-Materials Science, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 42 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 19 BP 3379 EP 3381 DI 10.1002/anie.200905797 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 596AQ UT WOS:000277656100025 PM 20301151 ER PT J AU Kohse-Hoinghaus, K Osswald, P Cool, TA Kasper, T Hansen, N Qi, F Westbrook, CK Westmoreland, PR AF Kohse-Hoeinghaus, Katharina Osswald, Patrick Cool, Terrill A. Kasper, Tina Hansen, Nils Qi, Fei Westbrook, Charles K. Westmoreland, Phillip R. TI Biofuel Combustion Chemistry: From Ethanol to Biodiesel SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Review DE biofuel; biomass; combustion; mass spectrometry; reactive intermediates ID JET-STIRRED REACTOR; PHOTOIONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TUNABLE SYNCHROTRON PHOTOIONIZATION; DIMETHYL ETHER OXIDATION; LOW-PRESSURE; METHYL BUTANOATE; FUEL-RICH; KINETIC-MODEL; CLOSTRIDIUM-ACETOBUTYLICUM; OXYGENATED HYDROCARBONS C1 [Kohse-Hoeinghaus, Katharina; Osswald, Patrick] Univ Bielefeld, Dept Chem, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. [Cool, Terrill A.] Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kasper, Tina; Hansen, Nils] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Qi, Fei] Univ Sci & Technol China, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Hefei 230029, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Westbrook, Charles K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Westmoreland, Phillip R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kohse-Hoinghaus, K (reprint author), Univ Bielefeld, Dept Chem, Univ Str 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. RI Kohse-Hoinghaus, Katharina/A-3867-2012; Hansen, Nils/G-3572-2012; Osswald, Patrick/N-3377-2013; Qi, Fei/A-3722-2012; Kasper, Tina/A-2975-2017 OI Osswald, Patrick/0000-0002-2257-2988; Kasper, Tina/0000-0003-3993-5316 FU DFG [KO1363/18-1 and 18-3]; Fonds der Chemischen Industrie; German Academic Exchange Service; Division of Chemical Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy (USDOE) [DE-FG02-01ER15180, DE-FG02-91ER14192, DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Chemical Sciences Division, US Army Research Office; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Natural Science Foundation of China [50925023]; National Basic Research Program of China (973) [2007CB815204]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2007DFA61310] FX The authors wish to thank the numerous present and past students and postdocs in their groups who have been instrumental in the research highlighted in this Review Many of them are named as co-authors in the original articles cited in this work In particular Hanna Goldenberg, Nicole Labbe. Wenjun Li, Yuyang Li, Zhenyu Tian, Jung Wang, and Bin Yang are acknowledged for their valuable contributions to the data collection and evaluation for many of the experiments covered herein K K H is grateful to Michael Letzgus and Kutwen Zhang for the design of the title graphics and to Regine Schroder fin assisting with some technical details in the preparation of the manuscript Also, K K H acknowledges continuing support of part of this research by DFG under contracts KO1363/18-1 and 18-3, by Fonds der Chemischen Industrie, and by the German Academic Exchange Service The work has also been supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy (USDOE), to part under grams DE-FG02-01ER15180 (TAC) and DE-FG02-91ER14192 (PRW), and by the Chemical Sciences Division, US Army Research Office (TAC) Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000 The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Materials Sciences Division of the USDOE under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory FQ is grateful for support of part this research by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 50925023, National Basic Research Program of China (973) under grant 2007CB815204, and Ministry of Science and Technology of China under grant 2007DFA61310 K K H expresses her gratitude to Jason Hill, Mani Sarathy, Priyank Saxena, Philippe Dogma, Thomas Litzinger, Charles McEnally, James Liao, David Davidson, Rodolphe Minetti, Peter Glarborg, and Catherine Duynslaegher for providing original graphics for Figures 1, 2, 5, 11, 12, 13, 24, 25, 26, 31-33 NR 143 TC 254 Z9 257 U1 29 U2 234 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 21 BP 3572 EP 3597 DI 10.1002/anie.200905335 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 599RU UT WOS:000277931600003 PM 20446278 ER PT J AU Delfino, I Cerullo, G Cannistraro, S Manzoni, C Polli, D Dapper, C Newton, WE Guo, YS Cramer, SP AF Delfino, Ines Cerullo, Giulio Cannistraro, Salvatore Manzoni, Cristian Polli, Dario Dapper, Christie Newton, William E. Guo, Yisong Cramer, Stephen P. TI Observation of Terahertz Vibrations in the Nitrogenase FeMo Cofactor by Femtosecond Pump-Probe Spectroscopy SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE bioinorganic chemistry; nitrogenases; pump-probe spectroscopy; vibrational spectroscopy ID IRON-MOLYBDENUM COFACTOR; CHARGE-TRANSFER DYNAMICS; PYROCOCCUS-FURIOSUS RUBREDOXIN; RESONANCE RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; NORMAL-MODE ANALYSIS; COHERENCE SPECTROSCOPY; N-2 REDUCTION; ACTIVE-SITE; STATE; PLASTOCYANIN C1 [Guo, Yisong; Cramer, Stephen P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cramer, Stephen P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cerullo, Giulio; Manzoni, Cristian; Polli, Dario] Politecn Milan, IFN CNR, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy. [Dapper, Christie; Newton, William E.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biochem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Cramer, SP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM spjcramer@ucdavis.edu RI Polli, Dario/B-4809-2011; Manzoni, Cristian/F-6669-2011; Cerullo, Giulio/F-6534-2011; cannistraro, salvatore/D-4598-2015; Guo, Yisong/C-7785-2009 OI Polli, Dario/0000-0002-6960-5708; Manzoni, Cristian/0000-0002-4169-8869; Cerullo, Giulio/0000-0002-9534-2702; cannistraro, salvatore/0000-0002-0228-7311; Guo, Yisong/0000-0002-4132-3565 FU NIH [GM-65440, EB-001962]; NSF [CHE-0745353]; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science; JASRI FX This work was funded by the NIH (GM-65440 and EB-001962 to S.P.C.), the NSF (CHE-0745353 to S.P.C.), and the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research (S.P.C.). Use of APS is supported by DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science. SPring-8 is funded by JASRI. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 23 BP 3912 EP 3915 DI 10.1002/anie.200906787 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 608PC UT WOS:000278596800009 PM 20411554 ER PT J AU Kennedy, S Karotsis, G Beavers, CM Teat, SJ Brechin, EK Dalgarno, S AF Kennedy, Stuart Karotsis, Georgios Beavers, Christine M. Teat, Simon J. Brechin, Euan K. Dalgarno, Scott TI Metal-Organic Calixarene Nanotubes SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE calixarenes; magnetism; nanostructures; nanotubes; self-assembly ID BENZOATE COMPLEXES; CAPSULES; DINUCLEAR; ACID C1 [Kennedy, Stuart; Dalgarno, Scott] Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Karotsis, Georgios; Brechin, Euan K.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Chem, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Beavers, Christine M.; Teat, Simon J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dalgarno, S (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. EM ebrechin@staffmail.ed.ac.uk; S.J.Dalgarno@hw.ac.uk RI Beavers, Christine/C-3539-2009; Kennedy, Stuart/D-5248-2014; Brechin, Euan/M-5130-2014; Dalgarno, Scott/A-7358-2010 OI Beavers, Christine/0000-0001-8653-5513; Kennedy, Stuart/0000-0002-1769-8797; Brechin, Euan/0000-0002-9365-370X; Dalgarno, Scott/0000-0001-7831-012X FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; EPSRC FX The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We thank the EPSRC for financial support of this work. NR 35 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 35 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 25 BP 4205 EP 4208 DI 10.1002/anie.201001078 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 611ST UT WOS:000278843400005 PM 20446328 ER PT J AU Mohanty, P Ortalan, V Browning, ND Arslan, I Fei, YW Landskron, K AF Mohanty, Paritosh Ortalan, Volkan Browning, Nigel D. Arslan, Ilke Fei, Yingwei Landskron, Kai TI Direct Formation of Mesoporous Coesite Single Crystals from Periodic Mesoporous Silica at Extreme Pressure SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE coesite; high-pressure chemistry; mesoporous materials; mesoporous silica; silicon ID POROSITY C1 [Mohanty, Paritosh; Landskron, Kai] Lehigh Univ, Dept Chem, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Browning, Nigel D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Browning, Nigel D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Fei, Yingwei] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Landskron, K (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Chem, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM kal205@lehigh.edu RI Fei, Yingwei/F-3709-2011; OI Fei, Yingwei/0000-0001-9955-5353; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 25 BP 4301 EP 4305 DI 10.1002/anie.201001114 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 611ST UT WOS:000278843400028 PM 20449861 ER PT J AU Pavlik, JW Barabanschikov, A Oliver, AG Alp, EE Sturhahn, W Zhao, JY Sage, JT Scheidt, WR AF Pavlik, Jeffrey W. Barabanschikov, Alexander Oliver, Allen G. Alp, E. Ercan Sturhahn, Wolfgang Zhao, Jiyong Sage, J. Timothy Scheidt, W. Robert TI Probing Vibrational Anisotropy with Nuclear Resonance Vibrational Spectroscopy SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE iron porphyrinates; Mossbauer spectroscopy; NO complexes; NRVS (nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy) ID SOLUBLE GUANYLYL CYCLASE; HEME NITROSYLS; AXIAL LIGAND; DYNAMICS; IRON; NO; DERIVATIVES; PORPHYRINS; MECHANISM; PROTEINS C1 [Pavlik, Jeffrey W.; Oliver, Allen G.; Scheidt, W. Robert] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Barabanschikov, Alexander; Sage, J. Timothy] Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Barabanschikov, Alexander; Sage, J. Timothy] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res Complex Syst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Alp, E. Ercan; Sturhahn, Wolfgang; Zhao, Jiyong] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Scheidt, WR (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM scheidt.1@nd.edu RI Barabanschikov, Alexander/L-3048-2013 FU National Institutes of Health [GM-38401]; National Science Foundation [PHY-0545787]; US Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX We thank the National Institutes of Health for support of this research under Grant GM-38401 to W.R.S. and the National Science Foundation under PHY-0545787 to J.T.S. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38. NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 26 BP 4400 EP 4404 DI 10.1002/anie.201000928 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 616OV UT WOS:000279219600006 PM 20422668 ER PT J AU Villa, A Veith, GM Prati, L AF Villa, Alberto Veith, Gabriel M. Prati, Laura TI Selective Oxidation of Glycerol under Acidic Conditions Using Gold Catalysts SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE glycerol; gold; oxidation; platinum; supported catalysts ID AQUEOUS-PHASE OXIDATION; SOLID CATALYSTS; PARTICLE-SIZE; AU; PD; CARBON; NANOPARTICLES; CHEMICALS; ALCOHOLS; AIR C1 [Villa, Alberto; Prati, Laura] Univ Milan, Dept Inorgan Chem L Malatesta, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Veith, Gabriel M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Prati, L (reprint author), Univ Milan, Dept Inorgan Chem L Malatesta, Via Venezian 21, I-20133 Milan, Italy. EM laura.prati@unimi.it RI Villa, Alberto/H-7355-2013; Prati, Laura/Q-3970-2016 OI Villa, Alberto/0000-0001-8656-6256; Prati, Laura/0000-0002-8227-9505 FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy; Fondazione Cariplo FX A.V. and L.P. gratefully acknowledge Fondazione Cariplo for financial support. A portion of this research, at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (STEM), was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy and by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy under contract with UT-Battelle, LLC (G.M.V.). NR 29 TC 133 Z9 134 U1 6 U2 109 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 26 BP 4499 EP 4502 DI 10.1002/anie.201000762 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 616OV UT WOS:000279219600030 PM 20461742 ER PT J AU Tappan, BC Steiner, SA Luther, EP AF Tappan, Bryce C. Steiner, Stephen A., III Luther, Erik P. TI Nanoporous Metal Foams SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Review DE aerogels; metals; nanofoams; nanostructures; porous materials ID GOLD NANOPARTICLE CATALYSTS; COHERENT EXPANDED AEROGELS; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; NITROGEN-RICH; FORMALDEHYDE AEROGELS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS; HYDROGEN STORAGE; OXIDE AEROGELS C1 [Tappan, Bryce C.; Luther, Erik P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam & Energet Mat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Tappan, Bryce C.; Luther, Erik P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Steiner, Stephen A., III] MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Tappan, BC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam & Energet Mat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM btappan@lanl.gov; ssteiner@alum.mit.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD Program for this work. The Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Agency. We thank Dr. Daniel Pressl for his diligent translation of this Review into German, Prof Nicholas Leventis and Dr. Juergen Biener for scientific contributions, Dr. Joseph Mang for USANS measurements and analysis, Dr. Brian Scott for determination of the X-ray crystal structure of CoBTA, Dr. Oktay Uzun for donation of nanoparticles, and Prof Petey Young, Prof Robert West, Dr. Jackie Veauthier, Dr. Gregory Long, Dr. Desiree Plata, Prof A. John Hart, Dr. John Mills, and Dr. Lauren DeFlores for helpful conversations and edits. NR 125 TC 163 Z9 163 U1 26 U2 278 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 27 BP 4544 EP 4565 DI 10.1002/anie.200902994 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 620OF UT WOS:000279508500003 PM 20514651 ER PT J AU Macfarlane, RJ Jones, MR Senesi, AJ Young, KL Lee, B Wu, JS Mirkin, CA AF Macfarlane, Robert J. Jones, Matthew R. Senesi, Andrew J. Young, Kaylie L. Lee, Byeongdu Wu, Jinsong Mirkin, Chad A. TI Establishing the Design Rules for DNA-Mediated Colloidal Crystallization SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE colloidal crystals; DNA; nanomaterials ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOPARTICLES; ORGANIZATION; MOLECULES; SIZE C1 [Macfarlane, Robert J.; Senesi, Andrew J.; Young, Kaylie L.; Mirkin, Chad A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. [Jones, Matthew R.; Wu, Jinsong; Mirkin, Chad A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. [Lee, Byeongdu] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mirkin, CA (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2190 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. EM chadnano@northwestern.edu RI Mirkin, Chad/E-3911-2010; OI Lee, Byeongdu/0000-0003-2514-8805 FU NSF-NSEC; AFOSR; NIH; DoD; Non-Equilibrium Energy Research Center (NERC); Energy Fontier Research Center, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0000989]; Northwestern University; NSF; NDSEG; E.I. DuPont de Nemours Co.; Dow Chemical Company; State of Illinois; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We acknowledge George Schatz for helpful discussions regarding the theoretical calculations of DNA flexibility and relative DNA concentrations in aggregates. C.A.M. acknowledges the NSF-NSEC and the AFOSR for grant support. He also is grateful for a NIH Director's Pioneer Award and an NSSEF Fellowship from the DoD. Portions of this work were supported as part of the Non-Equilibrium Energy Research Center (NERC), an Energy Fontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0000989. R.J.M. acknowledges Northwestern University for a Ryan Fellowship. M.R.J. acknowledges Northwestern University for a Ryan Fellowship and the NSF for a Graduate Research Fellowship. K.L.Y. acknowledges the NSF and the NDSEG for Graduate Research Fellowships. Portions of this work were performed at the DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team (DND-CAT) located at Sector 5 of the Advanced Photon Source (APS). DND-CAT is supported by E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., The Dow Chemical Company, and the State of Illinois. Use of the APS was supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 21 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 4 U2 65 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 27 BP 4589 EP 4592 DI 10.1002/anie.201000633 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 620OF UT WOS:000279508500009 PM 20486143 ER PT J AU la O', GJ Ahn, SJ Crumlin, E Orikasa, Y Biegalski, MD Christen, HM Shao-Horn, Y AF la O', Gerardo Jose Ahn, Sung-Jin Crumlin, Ethan Orikasa, Yuki Biegalski, Michael D. Christen, Hans M. Shao-Horn, Yang TI Catalytic Activity Enhancement for Oxygen Reduction on Epitaxial Perovskite Thin Films for Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE electrochemistry; epitaxy; fuel cells; heterogeneous catalysis; perovskite phases ID LA1-XSRXMN1-YCOYO3+/-DELTA PEROVSKITES; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; SURFACE EXCHANGE; DIFFUSION; TRANSPORT; KINETICS; LA1-XSRXCOO3-DELTA; HETEROSTRUCTURES; INTERFACES; ELECTRODE C1 [la O', Gerardo Jose; Ahn, Sung-Jin; Crumlin, Ethan; Orikasa, Yuki; Shao-Horn, Yang] MIT, Electrochem Energy Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Biegalski, Michael D.; Christen, Hans M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shao-Horn, Y (reprint author), MIT, Electrochem Energy Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM shaohorn@mit.edu RI Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013 OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469 FU NSF [CBET 08-44526]; DOE [SISGR DE-SC0002633]; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Korean Government [KRF-2008-357-D00119]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. DOE FX This work was supported in part by the NSF (CBET 08-44526), DOE (SISGR DE-SC0002633), and King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. S.-J.A is grateful for financial support from the Korean Government (KRF-2008-357-D00119). The portion of research performed at ORNL CNMS was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. DOE. NR 31 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 9 U2 87 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 31 BP 5344 EP 5347 DI 10.1002/anie.201001922 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 632XY UT WOS:000280464200022 PM 20572230 ER PT J AU Saar, BG Zeng, YN Freudiger, CW Liu, YS Himmel, ME Xie, XS Ding, SY AF Saar, Brian G. Zeng, Yining Freudiger, Christian W. Liu, Yu-San Himmel, Michael E. Xie, X. Sunney Ding, Shi-You TI Label-Free, Real-Time Monitoring of Biomass Processing with Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE biofuels; cellulose; delignification; nonlinear optics; Raman spectroscopy ID LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; BLACK SPRUCE; CELL-WALLS; PRETREATMENT; BIOFUELS C1 [Saar, Brian G.; Freudiger, Christian W.; Xie, X. Sunney] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zeng, Yining; Liu, Yu-San; Himmel, Michael E.; Ding, Shi-You] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO USA. [Zeng, Yining; Liu, Yu-San; Himmel, Michael E.; Ding, Shi-You] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bioenergy Sci Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Freudiger, Christian W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Xie, XS (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM xie@chemistry.harvard.edu; shi.you.ding@nrel.gov RI Ding, Shi-You/O-1209-2013 FU Army Research Office; Boehringer Ingelheim; US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER64500]; BioEnergy Science Center is a U.S. Department of Energy Bioenergy Research Center; Office of Biological & Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science; Office of the Biomass FX We thank G. R. Holtom and M. B. J. Roeffaers for helpful discussions. B.G.S. was supported by the Army Research Office through an NDSEG fellowship. C.W.F. was supported by a Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds Ph.D. fellowship. This work is also supported by the US Department of Energy: the instrumentation and data analysis is funded under grant DE-FG02-07ER64500, and the BioEnergy Science Center is a U.S. Department of Energy Bioenergy Research Center supported by the Office of Biological & Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science; the delignification process is funded by the Office of the Biomass Program. NR 21 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 50 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 32 BP 5476 EP 5479 DI 10.1002/anie.201000900 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 635ZR UT WOS:000280697600012 PM 20589818 ER PT J AU Yu, P Wang, SA Alekseev, EV Depmeier, W Hobbs, DT Albrecht-Schmitt, TE Phillips, BL Casey, WH AF Yu, Ping Wang, Shuao Alekseev, Evgeny V. Depmeier, Wulf Hobbs, David T. Albrecht-Schmitt, Thomas E. Phillips, Brian L. Casey, William H. TI Technetium-99 MAS NMR Spectroscopy of a Cationic Framework Material that Traps TcO4- Ions SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE cationic frameworks; host-guest systems; magic-angle spinning; NMR spectroscopy; technetium C1 [Wang, Shuao; Albrecht-Schmitt, Thomas E.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Wang, Shuao; Albrecht-Schmitt, Thomas E.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Alekseev, Evgeny V.; Depmeier, Wulf] Univ Kiel, Dept Crystallog, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. [Hobbs, David T.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Casey, William H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Phillips, Brian L.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Albrecht-Schmitt, TE (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM talbrec1@nd.edu; brian.phillips@sunysb.edu; whcasey@ucdavis.edu OI Alekseev, Evgeny/0000-0002-4919-5211 FU U.S. Department of Energy, the Office of Science, and the Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001089]; DOE [DE-FG02-01ER15187, DE-FG02-01ER16026]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [DE 412/30-2]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC09-08SR22470] FX This material is based upon work supported as part of the Materials Science of Actinides, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, the Office of Science, and the Office of Basic Energy Sciences under the award no. DE-SC0001089. Additional support was provided by the DOE, Heavy Elements Program, under grant nos. DE-FG02-01ER15187, DE-FG02-01ER16026, and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft within the research project no. DE 412/30-2. The Savannah River National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by the Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, LLC under contract no. DE-AC09-08SR22470. MAS=magic-angle spinning. NR 9 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 34 BP 5975 EP 5977 DI 10.1002/anie.201002646 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 641DT UT WOS:000281105600031 PM 20632429 ER PT J AU Wang, CM Luo, HM Jiang, DE Li, HR Dai, S AF Wang, Congmin Luo, Huimin Jiang, De-en Li, Haoran Dai, Sheng TI Carbon Dioxide Capture by Superbase-Derived Protic Ionic Liquids SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE anions; carbon capture; carbon dioxide; ionic liquids; superbases ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SOLVATOCHROMIC DYE; CO2 CAPTURE; NILE RED; CHEMISTRY; SOLVENT; HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; SOLUBILITY; ABSORPTION; MIXTURES C1 [Wang, Congmin; Li, Haoran] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Chem, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Wang, Congmin; Jiang, De-en; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Luo, Huimin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, HR (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Dept Chem, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM lihr@zju.edu.cn; dais@ornl.gov RI Jiang, De-en/D-9529-2011; Wang, Congmin/I-7889-2013; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Jiang, De-en/0000-0001-5167-0731; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; National Natural Science Foundation of China [20976151, 20704035, 20773109, 20990221] FX This work was supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20976151, No. 20704035, No. 20773109, and No. 20990221). NR 42 TC 175 Z9 184 U1 14 U2 186 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 34 BP 5978 EP 5981 DI 10.1002/anie.201002641 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 641DT UT WOS:000281105600032 PM 20632428 ER PT J AU Apostolidis, C Schimmelpfennig, B Magnani, N Lindqvist-Reis, P Walter, O Sykora, R Morgenstern, A Colineau, E Caciuffo, R Klenze, R Haire, RG Rebizant, J Bruchertseifer, F Fanghanel, T AF Apostolidis, Christos Schimmelpfennig, Bernd Magnani, Nicola Lindqvist-Reis, Patric Walter, Olaf Sykora, Richard Morgenstern, Alfred Colineau, Eric Caciuffo, Roberto Klenze, Reinhardt Haire, Richard G. Rebizant, Jean Bruchertseifer, Frank Fanghaenel, Thomas TI [An(H2O)(9)](CF3SO3)(3) (An = U-Cm, Cf): Exploring Their Stability, Structural Chemistry, and Magnetic Behavior by Experiment and Theory SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE actinides; coordination modes; hydrates; lanthanides ID APPROXIMATE COULOMB POTENTIALS; AUXILIARY BASIS-SETS; M = LA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; TRIVALENT LANTHANIDE; ACTINIDE CHEMISTRY; URANIUM TRIIODIDE; OPTICAL-SPECTRA; AQUA ION C1 [Schimmelpfennig, Bernd; Lindqvist-Reis, Patric; Klenze, Reinhardt] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Nukl Entsorgung, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Apostolidis, Christos; Magnani, Nicola; Morgenstern, Alfred; Colineau, Eric; Caciuffo, Roberto; Rebizant, Jean; Bruchertseifer, Frank; Fanghaenel, Thomas] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Transuranium Elements, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Walter, Olaf] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Tech Chem, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Sykora, Richard] Univ S Alabama, Dept Chem, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Haire, Richard G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Transuranium Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Lindqvist-Reis, P (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Nukl Entsorgung, POB 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM patric.lindqvist@kit.edu OI Caciuffo, Roberto G. M./0000-0002-8708-6219 NR 65 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 5 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 36 BP 6343 EP 6347 DI 10.1002/anie.201001077 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 648JG UT WOS:000281688700014 PM 20575123 ER PT J AU Wang, XQ Dai, S AF Wang, Xiqing Dai, Sheng TI Ionic Liquids as Versatile Precursors for Functionalized Porous Carbon and Carbon-Oxide Composite Materials by Confined Carbonization SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article ID MESOPOROUS CARBONS; POLYACRYLONITRILE; NANOPARTICLES; MICROSPHERES; CATALYSIS; SOLVENTS; POLYMER C1 [Wang, Xiqing; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov RI Wang, Xiqing/E-3062-2010; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Wang, Xiqing/0000-0002-1843-008X; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Biosciences, and Geosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-OR22725]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX This research was supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Biosciences, and Geosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. We thank Dr. Huimin Luo and Dr. Gary A. Baker for providing ionic liquids, Dr. Miaofang Chi for high-resolution TEM, and Dr. Harry Meyer for XPS analysis. NR 34 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 10 U2 97 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 37 BP 6664 EP 6668 DI 10.1002/anie.201003163 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 658GC UT WOS:000282477500040 PM 20677305 ER PT J AU Baker, SN Baker, GA AF Baker, Sheila N. Baker, Gary A. TI Luminescent Carbon Nanodots: Emergent Nanolights SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Review DE fluorescence; graphene; nanoparticles; nanotechnology; quantum dots ID IMAGING IN-VIVO; QUANTUM DOTS; ELECTROGENERATED CHEMILUMINESCENCE; LOW CYTOTOXICITY; IONIC LIQUIDS; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; GRAPHITE; GRAPHENE; SIZE C1 [Baker, Sheila N.; Baker, Gary A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Baker, SN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016 OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX This work was sponsored by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC NR 57 TC 1478 Z9 1518 U1 265 U2 1589 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 38 BP 6726 EP 6744 DI 10.1002/anie.200906623 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 659BF UT WOS:000282541300004 PM 20687055 ER PT J AU Sala, X Ertem, MZ Vigara, L Todorova, TK Chen, WZ Rocha, RC Aquilante, F Cramer, CJ Gagliardi, L Llobet, A AF Sala, Xavier Ertem, Mehmed Z. Vigara, Laura Todorova, Tanya K. Chen, Weizhong Rocha, Reginaldo C. Aquilante, Francesco Cramer, Christopher J. Gagliardi, Laura Llobet, Antoni TI The cis-[Ru-II(bpy)(2)(H2O)(2)](2+) Water-Oxidation Catalyst Revisited SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE density functional calculations; energy conversion; reaction mechanisms; ruthenium; water oxidation ID COMPLEX; SITE C1 [Ertem, Mehmed Z.; Cramer, Christopher J.; Gagliardi, Laura] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Ertem, Mehmed Z.; Cramer, Christopher J.; Gagliardi, Laura] Univ Minnesota, Inst Supercomp, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Sala, Xavier; Vigara, Laura; Llobet, Antoni] Inst Chem Res Catalonia ICIQ, Tarragona 43007, Spain. [Chen, Weizhong; Rocha, Reginaldo C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Todorova, Tanya K.; Aquilante, Francesco; Gagliardi, Laura] Univ Geneva, Dept Chim Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Llobet, Antoni] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Quim, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. RP Cramer, CJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM cramer@umn.edu; gagliard@umn.edu; allobet@iciq.es RI Aquilante, Francesco /L-6147-2013; Sala, Xavier/N-7363-2013; Cramer, Christopher/B-6179-2011; Todorova, Tanya/M-1849-2013; Llobet, Antoni/C-3296-2016 OI Sala, Xavier/0000-0002-7779-6313; Cramer, Christopher/0000-0001-5048-1859; Todorova, Tanya/0000-0002-7731-6498; Llobet, Antoni/0000-0002-6176-5272 FU EU [212508]; MICINN [CSD2006-0003, CTQ2007-67918]; U.S. NSF [CHE-0610183]; Swiss NSF [200021-111645/1]; LANL-LDRD FX Support was received from SOLAR-H2 (EU 212508) and the MICINN (Consolider Ingenio 2010 (CSD2006-0003, CTQ2007-67918)). C.J.C. and L.G. thank the U.S. NSF (CHE-0610183) and Swiss NSF (200021-111645/1). The work at Los Alamos was supported by the LANL-LDRD program. X.S. is grateful for a Torres Quevedo contract from MICINN. bpy=2,2'-bipyridine. NR 18 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 42 BP 7745 EP 7747 DI 10.1002/anie.201002398 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 674RT UT WOS:000283766300029 PM 20821776 ER PT J AU Wu, HM Bai, F Sun, ZC Haddad, RE Boye, DM Wang, ZW Fan, HY AF Wu, Huimeng Bai, Feng Sun, Zaicheng Haddad, Raid E. Boye, Daniel M. Wang, Zhongwu Fan, Hongyou TI Pressure-Driven Assembly of Spherical Nanoparticles and Formation of 1D-Nanostructure Arrays SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE high-pressure chemistry; nanostructures; phase transitions; self-assembly; small-angle X-ray scattering ID RIETVELD TEXTURE ANALYSIS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; PHASE SYNTHESIS; AU NANOWIRES; SUPERLATTICES; ORGANIZATION C1 [Wu, Huimeng; Fan, Hongyou] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Bai, Feng; Sun, Zaicheng; Haddad, Raid E.; Fan, Hongyou] Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Boye, Daniel M.] Davidson Coll, Dept Phys, Davidson, NC 28035 USA. [Wang, Zhongwu] Cornell Univ, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Wilson Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Fan, HY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM hfan@sandia.gov RI Sun, Zaicheng/B-5397-2012 OI Sun, Zaicheng/0000-0001-5277-5308 FU US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; BES; Sandia National Laboratory; NSF [DMI-0625897]; NIH/NIGMS through NSF [DMR-0225180] FX The authors acknowledge Dr. Bryan Kaehr and Dr. Detlef-M. Smilgies for their comments. This research was supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE), the BES Program, the LDRD program of Sandia National Laboratory, and the NSF (DMI-0625897). The Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source is supported by the NSF and NIH/NIGMS through NSF award DMR-0225180. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US DOE under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 48 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 45 BP 8431 EP 8434 DI 10.1002/anie.201001581 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 677TV UT WOS:000284015600025 PM 20669206 ER PT J AU Sasaki, K Naohara, H Cai, Y Choi, YM Liu, P Vukmirovic, MB Wang, JX Adzic, RR AF Sasaki, Kotaro Naohara, Hideo Cai, Yun Choi, Yong Man Liu, Ping Vukmirovic, Miomir B. Wang, Jia X. Adzic, Radoslav R. TI Core-Protected Platinum Monolayer Shell High-Stability Electrocatalysts for Fuel-Cell Cathodes SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE core/shell particles; fuel cells; monolayers; palladium; platinum ID OXYGEN-REDUCTION; DISSOLUTION; CATALYSTS; SURFACES; ALLOY; NANOPARTICLES; INSTABILITY; PT(111); METALS; PEMFCS C1 [Sasaki, Kotaro; Cai, Yun; Choi, Yong Man; Liu, Ping; Vukmirovic, Miomir B.; Wang, Jia X.; Adzic, Radoslav R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Naohara, Hideo] Toyota Motor Co Ltd, Fuel Cell Syst Dev Div, Susono 4101193, Japan. RP Adzic, RR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM adzic@bnl.gov RI Wang, Jia/B-6346-2011; cai, yun/G-2689-2013; Choi, YongMan/N-3559-2014 OI Choi, YongMan/0000-0003-4276-1599 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences; Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Toyota Motor Corporation; DOE BES [DE-FG02-03ER15688] FX This work was carried out at Brookhaven National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886, with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and supported by its Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, and its Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, within the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and Toyota Motor Corporation. We thank the National Energy Research Scientific Computing (NERSC) Center, the Center for Functional Nanomaterials at Brookhaven National Laboratory, and Prof. M. C. Lin for CPU time. Work at the NSLS was supported by the DOE BES grant DE-FG02-03ER15688. We thank Hugh Isaacs and Radoslav Atanasoski for stimulating discussions. NR 27 TC 315 Z9 318 U1 27 U2 252 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 46 BP 8602 EP 8607 DI 10.1002/anie.201004287 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 678CC UT WOS:000284045400010 PM 20931587 ER PT J AU Kanai, Y Srinivasan, V Meier, SK Vollhardt, KPC Grossman, JC AF Kanai, Yosuke Srinivasan, Varadharajan Meier, Steven K. Vollhardt, K. Peter C. Grossman, Jeffrey C. TI Mechanism of Thermal Reversal of the (Fulvalene)tetracarbonyldiruthenium Photoisomerization: Toward Molecular Solar-Thermal Energy Storage SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; C-C activation; isomerization; photochemistry; ruthenium ID COMPLEXES; BOND; DERIVATIVES; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; REARRANGEMENTS; ISOMERIZATION; COORDINATION; DYNAMICS; LIGAND C1 [Kanai, Yosuke] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Livermore, CA 94554 USA. [Srinivasan, Varadharajan; Grossman, Jeffrey C.] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Meier, Steven K.; Vollhardt, K. Peter C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kanai, Y (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Livermore, CA 94554 USA. EM ykanai@llnl.gov; kpcv@berkeley.edu; jcg@mit.edu RI Kanai, Yosuke/B-5554-2016 FU UC Berkeley; NSF [CHE-0907800]; U.S. Department of Energy at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07A27344]; MIT Energy Initiative FX This study was supported by the Sustainable Products and Solutions Program at UC Berkeley and the NSF (CHE-0907800). Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07A27344. J.C.G. and V. S. are grateful for support for this work from the MIT Energy Initiative seed fund program. All calculations were performed at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. We thank Dusan Coso for performing the DSC experiments and Professors R. G. Bergman, A. Majumdar, and R. A. Segalman for valuable discussions. NR 48 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 27 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 47 BP 8926 EP 8929 DI 10.1002/anie.201002994 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 705PP UT WOS:000286149700020 PM 20949567 ER PT J AU Mazumder, V Chi, MF More, KL Sun, SH AF Mazumder, Vismadeb Chi, Miaofang More, Karren L. Sun, Shouheng TI Synthesis and Characterization of Multimetallic Pd/Au and Pd/Au/FePt Core/Shell Nanoparticles SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE core/shell particles; gold; heterogeneous catalysis; nanoparticles; palladium ID OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; METAL NANOCRYSTALS; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; PD C1 [Mazumder, Vismadeb; Sun, Shouheng] Brown Univ, Dept Chem, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Chi, Miaofang; More, Karren L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sun, SH (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Chem, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM ssun@brown.edu RI Chi, Miaofang/Q-2489-2015; More, Karren/A-8097-2016 OI Chi, Miaofang/0000-0003-0764-1567; More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy FX Partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Program. Research at the ORNL SHaRE User Facility was supported by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 15 TC 108 Z9 110 U1 9 U2 117 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 49 BP 9368 EP 9372 DI 10.1002/anie.201003903 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 693FP UT WOS:000285210300008 PM 20853383 ER PT J AU Zhou, G Barrio, L Agnoli, S Senanayake, SD Evans, J Kubacka, A Estrella, M Hanson, JC Martinez-Arias, A Fernandez-Garcia, M Rodriguez, JA AF Zhou, Gong Barrio, Laura Agnoli, Stefano Senanayake, Sanjaya D. Evans, Jaime Kubacka, Anna Estrella, Michael Hanson, Jonathan C. Martinez-Arias, Arturo Fernandez-Garcia, Marcos Rodriguez, Jose A. TI High Activity of Ce1-xNixO2-y for H-2 Production through Ethanol Steam Reforming: Tuning Catalytic Performance through Metal-Oxide Interactions SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE ceria; ethanol; hydrogen production; nickel; steam reforming ID GAS SHIFT REACTION; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; BIO-ETHANOL; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; NI; WATER; NANOPARTICLES; SURFACES; ADSORPTION C1 [Zhou, Gong; Barrio, Laura; Agnoli, Stefano; Senanayake, Sanjaya D.; Estrella, Michael; Hanson, Jonathan C.; Rodriguez, Jose A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Evans, Jaime] Cent Univ Venezuela, Fac Ciencias, Caracas 1020 A, Venezuela. [Kubacka, Anna; Martinez-Arias, Arturo; Fernandez-Garcia, Marcos] CSIC, Inst Catalisis & Petroleoquim, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rodrigez@bnl.gov RI Barrio, Laura/A-9509-2008; Zhou, Gong/C-7085-2009; Fernandez-Garcia, Marcos/A-8122-2014; Kubacka, Anna /B-8054-2015; Senanayake, Sanjaya/D-4769-2009 OI Barrio, Laura/0000-0003-3496-4329; Kubacka, Anna /0000-0002-3504-0032; Senanayake, Sanjaya/0000-0003-3991-4232 FU US Department of Energy (DOE), Chemical Sciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Science [DE-AC02-98CH10086]; Divisions of Materials and Chemical Sciences of the US DOE; Marie Curie [IOF-219674]; Universidad Central de Venezuela; Comunidad de Madrid [DIVERCEL S2009/ENE-1745]; MICINN [CTQ2006-15600/BQU, CTQ2009-14527/BQU] FX The research at BNL was financed by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Chemical Sciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Science (DE-AC02-98CH10086). The National Synchrotron Light Source is supported by the Divisions of Materials and Chemical Sciences of the US DOE. L. B. acknowledges funding by the FP7 People program under the project Marie Curie IOF-219674. J.E. thanks INTEVEP and IDB for research grants that made possible part of this research at the Universidad Central de Venezuela. Research at the ICP-CSIC was financed by the Comunidad de Madrid (DIVERCEL S2009/ENE-1745) and the MICINN (CTQ2006-15600/BQU and CTQ2009-14527/BQU), to whom we are grateful. NR 37 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 58 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 50 BP 9680 EP 9684 DI 10.1002/anie.201004966 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 693FW UT WOS:000285211000022 PM 21064065 ER PT J AU Liu, N Giessen, H AF Liu, Na Giessen, Harald TI Coupling Effects in Optical Metamaterials SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Review DE interactions; metamaterials; nanostructures; photonics ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; NEGATIVE REFRACTIVE-INDEX; RING RESONATOR METAMATERIALS; PHOTONIC METAMATERIALS; PLASMONIC METAMATERIAL; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; RESONANCES; LIGHT; PERMEABILITY; SILVER C1 [Giessen, Harald] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys 4, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Giessen, Harald] Univ Stuttgart, Res Ctr SCOPE, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Liu, Na] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Giessen, H (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys 4, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM giessen@physik.uni-stuttgart.de RI Liu, Na/C-8190-2014 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SPP1391, FOR557]; Landesstiftung BW; BMBF [13N9155, 13N10146] FX We would like to acknowledge theoretical support from Hui Liu and Thomas Weiss. We thank Sven Hein for his illustrations of metamaterials, as well as Hedi Grabeldinger and Monika Ubl for technical assistance. This work was financially supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SPP1391 and FOR557), by Landesstiftung BW, and by the BMBF (13N9155 and 13N10146). NR 90 TC 119 Z9 120 U1 23 U2 154 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 51 BP 9838 EP 9852 DI 10.1002/anie.200906211 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 695SF UT WOS:000285392200010 PM 21154486 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, A Chi, MF Ortalan, V Browning, ND Gates, BC AF Kulkarni, Apoorva Chi, Miaofang Ortalan, Volkan Browning, Nigel D. Gates, Bruce C. TI Atomic Resolution of the Structure of a Metal-Support Interface: Triosmium Clusters on MgO(110) SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE aberration-corrected STEM; metal-support interfaces; MgO; molecular clusters; surface chemistry ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNESIUM-OXIDE; SURFACE; MGO; LIGAND; COMPLEXES; OXIDATION; CATALYSTS; ZEOLITE C1 [Kulkarni, Apoorva; Ortalan, Volkan; Browning, Nigel D.; Gates, Bruce C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Browning, Nigel D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Chi, Miaofang] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Browning, ND (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM nbrowning@ucdavis.edu; bcgates@ucdavis.edu RI Chi, Miaofang/Q-2489-2015; OI Chi, Miaofang/0000-0003-0764-1567; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X FU National Science Foundation [CTS-05-00511]; ExxonMobil; Division of Scientific User Facilities, DOE Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, GOALI Grant CTS-05-00511, and by ExxonMobil. We acknowledge the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), a national user facility operated by Brookhaven National Laboratory on behalf of the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, for access to beam line X-18B. The electron microscopy experiments were performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory SHaRE User Facility, which is supported by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, DOE Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2010 VL 49 IS 52 BP 10089 EP 10092 DI 10.1002/anie.201005105 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 696DL UT WOS:000285422000009 PM 21110363 ER PT J AU Lavraud, B Opitz, A Gosling, JT Rouillard, AP Meziane, K Sauvaud, JA Fedorov, A Dandouras, I Genot, V Jacquey, C Louarn, P Mazelle, C Penou, E Larson, DE Luhmann, JG Schroeder, P Jian, L Russell, CT Foullon, C Skoug, RM Steinberg, JT Simunac, KD Galvin, AB AF Lavraud, B. Opitz, A. Gosling, J. T. Rouillard, A. P. Meziane, K. Sauvaud, J. -A. Fedorov, A. Dandouras, I. Genot, V. Jacquey, C. Louarn, P. Mazelle, C. Penou, E. Larson, D. E. Luhmann, J. G. Schroeder, P. Jian, L. Russell, C. T. Foullon, C. Skoug, R. M. Steinberg, J. T. Simunac, K. D. Galvin, A. B. TI Statistics of counter-streaming solar wind suprathermal electrons at solar minimum: STEREO observations SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Interplanetary physics; Energetic particles; Interplanetary shocks; Ionosphere; Wave-particle interactions ID VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; HELIOS PLASMA-EXPERIMENT; INTERACTION REGIONS; DISTRIBUTIONS; DEPLETIONS; CONNECTION; INTERFACES; EVOLUTION; EVENTS; MODEL AB Previous work has shown that solar wind suprathermal electrons can display a number of features in terms of their anisotropy. Of importance is the occurrence of counter-streaming electron patterns, i.e., with "beams" both parallel and anti-parallel to the local magnetic field, which is believed to shed light on the heliospheric magnetic field topology. In the present study, we use STEREO data to obtain the statistical properties of counter-streaming suprathermal electrons (CSEs) in the vicinity of corotating interaction regions (CIRs) during the period March-December 2007. Because this period corresponds to a minimum of solar activity, the results are unrelated to the sampling of large-scale coronal mass ejections, which can lead to CSE owing to their closed magnetic field topology. The present study statistically confirms that CSEs are primarily the result of suprathermal electron leakage from the compressed CIR into the upstream regions with the combined occurrence of halo depletion at 90 degrees pitch angle. The occurrence rate of CSE is found to be about 15-20% on average during the period analyzed (depending on the criteria used), but superposed epoch analysis demonstrates that CSEs are preferentially observed both before and after the passage of the stream interface ( with peak occurrence rate >35% in the trailing high speed stream), as well as both inside and outside CIRs. The results quantitatively show that CSEs are common in the solar wind during solar minimum, but yet they suggest that such distributions would be much more common if pitch angle scattering were absent. We further argue that (1) the formation of shocks contributes to the occurrence of enhanced counter-streaming sunward-directed fluxes, but does not appear to be a necessary condition, and ( 2) that the presence of small-scale transients with closed-field topologies likely also contributes to the occurrence of counter-streaming patterns, but only in the slow solar wind prior to CIRs. C1 [Lavraud, B.; Opitz, A.; Sauvaud, J. -A.; Fedorov, A.; Dandouras, I.; Genot, V.; Jacquey, C.; Louarn, P.; Mazelle, C.; Penou, E.] Univ Toulouse UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Lavraud, B.; Opitz, A.; Sauvaud, J. -A.; Fedorov, A.; Dandouras, I.; Genot, V.; Jacquey, C.; Louarn, P.; Mazelle, C.; Penou, E.] CNRS, UMR 5187, Toulouse, France. [Gosling, J. T.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rouillard, A. P.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Space Environm Phys Grp, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. [Meziane, K.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Phys, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. [Larson, D. E.; Luhmann, J. G.; Schroeder, P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jian, L.; Russell, C. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Foullon, C.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Ctr Fus Space & Astrophys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Skoug, R. M.; Steinberg, J. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Simunac, K. D.; Galvin, A. B.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Lavraud, B (reprint author), Univ Toulouse UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, 9 Ave Colonel Roche, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. EM benoit.lavraud@cesr.fr RI Foullon, Claire/A-3539-2009; Jian, Lan/B-4053-2010; Galvin, Antoinette/A-6114-2013; OI Foullon, Claire/0000-0002-2532-9684; Jian, Lan/0000-0002-6849-5527; Dandouras, Iannis/0000-0002-7121-1118; Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298 NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 1 BP 233 EP 246 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 550OI UT WOS:000274136900022 ER PT J AU Narita, Y Gary, SP AF Narita, Y. Gary, S. P. TI Inertial-range spectrum of whistler turbulence SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Interplanetary physics; Plasma waves and turbulence; Space plasma physics; Turbulence; Wave-wave interactions ID ELECTRON MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; SOLAR-WIND; ANISOTROPY AB We develop a theoretical model of an inertial-range energy spectrum for homogeneous whistler turbulence. The theory is a generalization of the Iroshnikov-Kraichnan concept of the inertial-range magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. In the model the dispersion relation is used to derive scaling laws for whistler waves at highly oblique propagation with respect to the mean magnetic field. The model predicts an energy spectrum for such whistler waves with a spectral index -2.5 in the perpendicular component of the wave vector and thus provides an interpretation about recent discoveries of the second inertial-range of magnetic energy spectra at high frequencies in the solar wind. C1 [Narita, Y.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Gary, S. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Narita, Y (reprint author), Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, Mendelssohnstr 3, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. EM y.narita@tu-bs.de FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Budesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie; Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft-und Raumfahrt, Germany [50 OC 0901] FX This work is supported by the program "Solar wind turbulence at short wavelengths" of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The work of YN was also supported by Budesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie and Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft-und Raumfahrt, Germany, under contract 50 OC 0901.; Topical Editor I. A. Daglis thanks one anonymous referee for her/his help in evaluating this paper. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 2 BP 597 EP 601 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 561RH UT WOS:000274995800024 ER PT J AU Bhattacharjee, PS Sud, YC Liu, X Walker, GK Yang, R Wang, J AF Bhattacharjee, P. S. Sud, Y. C. Liu, X. Walker, G. K. Yang, R. Wang, J. TI Importance of including ammonium sulfate ((NH4)(2)SO4) aerosols for ice cloud parameterization in GCMs SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric composition and structure (Aerosols and particles; Cloud physics and chemistry); Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (Climatology) ID BOREAL-SUMMER CIRCULATION; SCHUBERT SCHEME MCRAS; MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS; MODEL DESCRIPTION; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; SULFURIC-ACID; PART II; NUCLEATION; MICROPHYSICS AB A common deficiency of many cloud-physics parameterizations including the NASA's microphysics of clouds with aerosol-cloud interactions (hereafter called McRAS-AC) is that they simulate lesser (larger) than the observed ice cloud particle number (size). A single column model (SCM) of McRAS-AC physics of the GEOS4 Global Circulation Model (GCM) together with an adiabatic parcel model (APM) for ice-cloud nucleation (IN) of aerosols were used to systematically examine the influence of introducing ammonium sulfate (NH4)(2)SO4 aerosols in McRAS-AC and its influence on the optical properties of both liquid and ice clouds. First an (NH4)(2)SO4 parameterization was included in the APM to assess its effect on clouds vis-A -vis that of the other aerosols. Subsequently, several evaluation tests were conducted over the ARM Southern Great Plain (SGP) and thirteen other locations (sorted into pristine and polluted conditions) distributed over marine and continental sites with the SCM. The statistics of the simulated cloud climatology were evaluated against the available ground and satellite data. The results showed that inclusion of (NH4)(2)SO4 into McRAS-AC of the SCM made a remarkable improvement in the simulated effective radius of ice cloud particulates. However, the corresponding ice-cloud optical thickness increased even more than the observed. This can be caused by lack of horizontal cloud advection not performed in the SCM. Adjusting the other tunable parameters such as precipitation efficiency can mitigate this deficiency. Inclusion of ice cloud particle splintering invoked empirically further reduced simulation biases. Overall, these changes make a substantial improvement in simulated cloud optical properties and cloud distribution particularly over the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the GCM. C1 [Bhattacharjee, P. S.; Yang, R.] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Sud, Y. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Liu, X.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Walker, G. K.] SAIC Gen Sci Operat, Beltsville, MD USA. [Wang, J.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Bhattacharjee, PS (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM perths3@gmail.com RI Bhattacharjee, Partha/B-1620-2009; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Wang, Jun/A-2977-2008 OI Bhattacharjee, Partha/0000-0003-1117-0649; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-7334-0490 FU NASA [NNX06AF30G]; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NESSF) [NNX08AV02H]; NASA MAP [NNX09AI80G]; DOE [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX This work is funded by NASA grants NNX06AF30G-Global Environmental Change-hazards and regional impacts, NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NESSF) grant NNX08AV02H, and NASA MAP program (NNX09AI80G). The other authors are funded through MAP proposal. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. We also thank Xiping Zeng for helpful discussion on ice particle splintering and our reviewers for useful recommendations for better clarity and comparison to other GCM parameterizations.; Topical Editor F. D'Andrea thanks three anonymous referees for their help in evaluating this paper. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 2 BP 621 EP 631 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 561RH UT WOS:000274995800026 ER PT J AU Welling, DT AF Welling, D. T. TI The long-term effects of space weather on satellite operations SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Interplanetary physics; Energetic particles; Magnetospheric physics; General or miscellaneous ID ANOMALIES; ENVIRONMENT AB Integrated lifetime radiation damage may cause spacecraft to become more susceptible to operational anomalies by changing material characteristics of electronic components. This study demonstrates and quantifies the impact of these effects by examining the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) satellite anomaly database. Energetic particle data from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) is used to construct the total lifetime particle exposure a satellite has received at the epoch of an anomaly. These values are compared to the satellite's chronological age and the average exposure per year (calculated over two solar cycles.) The results show that many anomalies occur on satellites that have received a total lifetime high-energy particle exposure that is disproportionate to their age. In particular, 10.8% of all events occurred on satellites that received over two times more 20 to 40 MeV proton lifetime particle exposure than predicted using an average annual mean. This number inflates to 35.2% for 40 to 80 MeV protons and 33.7% for >= 2 MeV electrons. Overall, 73.5% of all anomalies occurred on a spacecraft that had experienced greater than two times the expected particle exposure for one of the eight particle populations used in this study. Simplistically, this means that the long term radiation background exposure matters, and that if the background radiation is elevated during the satellite's lifetime, the satellite is likely to experience more anomalies than satellites that have not been exposed to the elevated environment. C1 [Welling, D. T.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Welling, DT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dwelling@lanl.gov RI Welling, Daniel/C-1970-2013 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1361 EP 1367 DI 10.5194/angeo-28-1361-2010 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 618XP UT WOS:000279389700015 ER PT J AU Ridley, AJ Gombosi, TI Sokolov, IV Toth, G Welling, DT AF Ridley, A. J. Gombosi, T. I. Sokolov, I. V. Toth, G. Welling, D. T. TI Numerical considerations in simulating the global magnetosphere SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; Plasma convection; Magnetospheric physics; Magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions; Space plasma physics; Numerical simulation studies ID IONOSPHERE-THERMOSPHERE MODEL; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; 3-DIMENSIONAL MHD SIMULATION; SOLAR-WIND CONTROL; GEOTAIL OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION; JOVIAN MAGNETOSPHERE; EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; CONVECTION PATTERNS; ELECTRIC POTENTIALS AB Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models of the global magnetosphere are very good research tools for investigating the topology and dynamics of the near-Earth space environment. While these models have obvious limitations in regions that are not well described by the MHD equations, they can typically be used (or are used) to investigate the majority of magnetosphere. Often, a secondary consideration is overlooked by researchers when utilizing global models - the effects of solving the MHD equations on a grid, instead of analytically. Any discretization unavoidably introduces numerical artifacts that affect the solution to various degrees. This paper investigates some of the consequences of the numerical schemes and grids that are used to solve the MHD equations in the global magnetosphere. Specifically, the University of Michigan's MHD code is used to investigate the role of grid resolution, numerical schemes, limiters, inner magnetospheric density boundary conditions, and the artificial lowering of the speed of light on the strength of the ionospheric cross polar cap potential and the build up of the ring current in the inner magnetosphere. It is concluded that even with a very good solver and the highest affordable grid resolution, the inner magnetosphere is not grid converged. Artificially reducing the speed of light reduces the numerical diffusion that helps to achieve better agreement with data. It is further concluded that many numerical effects work nonlinearly to complicate the interpretation of the physics within the magnetosphere, and so simulation results should be scrutinized very carefully before a physical interpretation of the results is made. Our conclusions are not limited to the Michigan MHD code, but apply to all MHD models due to the limitations of computational resources. C1 [Ridley, A. J.; Gombosi, T. I.; Sokolov, I. V.; Toth, G.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Space Environm Modeling, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Welling, D. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ridley, AJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ctr Space Environm Modeling, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM ridley@umich.edu RI Ridley, Aaron/F-3943-2011; Gombosi, Tamas/G-4238-2011; Toth, Gabor/B-7977-2013; Welling, Daniel/C-1970-2013; Sokolov, Igor/H-9860-2013 OI Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534; Gombosi, Tamas/0000-0001-9360-4951; Toth, Gabor/0000-0002-5654-9823; Sokolov, Igor/0000-0002-6118-0469 FU NSF [ATM0639336]; AFOSR [FA9550-07-1-0434] FX This research was supposed by NSF through grants ATM0639336, and AFOSR grant FA9550-07-1-0434. The NOAA GOES and NASA ACE data were provided by CDAWEB. The Dst index was provided by the University of Kyoto. NR 112 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1589 EP 1614 DI 10.5194/angeo-28-1589-2010 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 645EC UT WOS:000281432700013 ER PT J AU Teh, WL Sonnerup, BUO Birn, J Denton, RE AF Teh, W. -L. Sonnerup, B. U. Oe. Birn, J. Denton, R. E. TI Resistive MHD reconstruction of two-dimensional coherent structures in space SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric physics; Magnetopause, cusp, and boundary layers; Space plasma physics; Magnetic reconnection; Numerical simulation studies ID MAGNETIC-FIELD MEASUREMENTS; MAGNETOPAUSE STRUCTURES; CLUSTER DATA; SOLAR-WIND; RECONNECTION; TRANSECTS; MOTION; EVENT AB We present a reconstruction technique to solve the steady resistive MHD equations in two dimensions with initial inputs of field and plasma data from a single space-craft as it passes through a coherent structure in space. At least two components of directly measured electric fields (the spacecraft spin-plane components) are required for the reconstruction, to produce two-dimensional (2-D) field and plasma maps of the cross section of the structure. For convenience, the resistivity tensor eta is assumed diagonal in the reconstruction coordinates, which allows its values to be estimated from Ohm's law, E + v x B = eta . j. In the present paper, all three components of the electric field are used. We benchmark our numerical code by use of an exact, axi-symmetric solution of the resistive MHD equations and then apply it to synthetic data from a 3-D, resistive, MHD numerical simulation of reconnection in the geomagnetic tail, in a phase of the event where time dependence and deviations from 2-D are both weak. The resistivity used in the simulation is time-independent and localized around the reconnection site in an ellipsoidal region. For the magnetic field, plasma density, and pressure, we find very good agreement between the reconstruction results and the simulation, but the electric field and plasma velocity are not predicted with the same high accuracy. C1 [Teh, W. -L.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sonnerup, B. U. Oe.; Denton, R. E.] Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Birn, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Teh, WL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM waileong.teh@gmail.com FU NASA [NNG-05GG26G, NNX08AV81G] FX This work was supported by NASA grant NNG-05GG26G (B. U. O. S.) and NASA grant NNX08AV81G (MMS theory program) (R. E. D.). NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 11 BP 2113 EP 2125 DI 10.5194/angeo-28-2113-2010 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 687EM UT WOS:000284760900011 ER PT J AU Kharzeev, DE AF Kharzeev, Dmitri E. TI Topologically induced local P and CP violation in QCD x QED SO ANNALS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Topological effects; Quantum chromodynamics; Relativistic heavy ion collisions; Parity violation ID WEINBERG-SALAM THEORY; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; ODD BUBBLES; PARITY VIOLATION; EARLY UNIVERSE; HOT QCD; INSTANTONS; ELECTRODYNAMICS; VACUUM; PSEUDOPARTICLE AB The existence of topological solutions and axial anomaly open a possibility of P and CP violation in QCD. For a reason that has not yet been established conclusively, this possibility is not realized in strong interactions - the experimental data indicate that a global P and CP violation in QCD is absent. Nevertheless, the fluctuations of topological charge in QCD vacuum, although not observable directly, are expected to play an important role in the breaking of U-A(1) symmetry and in the mass spectrum and other properties of hadrons. Moreover, in the presence of very intense external electromagnetic fields topological solutions of QCD can induce local P- and CP-odd effects in the SUc(3) x U-em(1) gauge theory that can be observed in experiment directly. Here I show how these local parity-violating phenomena can be described by using the Maxwell-Chern-Simons, or axion, electrodynamics as an effective theory. Local P- and CP-violation in hot QCD matter can be observed in experiment through the "chiral magnetic effect" - the separation of electric charge along the axis of magnetic field. Very recently, STAR Collaboration presented an observation of the electric charge asymmetry with respect to reaction plane in relativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kharzeev, Dmitri E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kharzeev, Dmitri E.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Kharzeev, DE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kharzeev@bnl.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX I am grateful to K. Fukushima, Yu. Kovchegov, A. Krasnitz, E. Levin, L. McLerran, R. Pisarski, M. Tytgat, R. Venugopalan, H. Warringa, and A. Zhitnitsky for enjoyable collaborations on the topics discussed here. I am indebted to T.D. Lee, J. Sandweiss and S. Voloshin for many enlightening discussions. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 77 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-4916 EI 1096-035X J9 ANN PHYS-NEW YORK JI Ann. Phys. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 325 IS 1 SI SI BP 205 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.aop.2009.11.002 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 548GE UT WOS:000273947200007 ER PT J AU Wilbanks, TJ Kates, RW AF Wilbanks, Thomas J. Kates, Robert W. TI Beyond Adapting to Climate Change: Embedding Adaptation in Responses to Multiple Threats and Stresses SO ANNALS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERS LA English DT Article DE climate change adaptation; hazards; resilience; sustainability ID DAMAGE COSTS; CONTEXT AB Climate change impacts are already being experienced in every region of the United States and every part of the world-most severely in Arctic regions- and adaptation is needed now. Although climate change adaptation research is still in its infancy, significant adaptation planning in the United States has already begun in a number of localities. This article seeks to broaden the adaptation effort by integrating it with broader frameworks of hazards research, sustainability science, and community and regional resilience. To extend the range of experience, we draw from ongoing case studies in the Southeastern United States and the environmental history of New Orleans to consider the multiple threats and stresses that all communities and regions experience. Embedding climate adaptation in responses to multiple threats and stresses helps us to understand climate change impacts, themselves often products of multiple stresses, to achieve community acceptance of needed adaptations as cobenefits of addressing multiple threats, and to mainstream the process of climate adaptation through the larger envelope of social relationships, communication channels, and broad-based awareness of needs for risk management that accompany community resilience. C1 [Wilbanks, Thomas J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wilbanks, TJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6038, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wilbankstj@ornl.gov; rwkates@gmail.com NR 29 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 40 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0004-5608 J9 ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR JI Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. PY 2010 VL 100 IS 4 BP 719 EP 728 PG 10 WC Geography SC Geography GA 682QM UT WOS:000284418100002 ER PT S AU Bierbaum, RL AF Bierbaum, Rene L. GP IEEE TI A Conceptual Model for "Inherent Reliability" for Nuclear Weapons SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2010 PROCEEDINGS SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium/International Symposium on Product Quality and Integrity CY JAN 25-28, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP AIAA, IEEE, ASQ, IEST, IIE, SAE, SOLE, SRE, SSS DE bathtub curve; inherent reliability; one-shot devices; test and evaluation AB Many people, when thinking about different stages of a particular device's life vis-a-vis defectiveness, use the notion of the "bathtub curve" as a model. However this model is not fully applicable for the class of systems referred to as one-shot or single-shot systems. Key attributes of these systems are outlined in [1]: they typically stay in dormant storage until called upon for one-time use. Common examples of one-shot devices are air-bags in vehicles, fire suppression systems, certain types of safety features in nuclear power plants, missiles, thermal batteries, and some stand-by systems. This paper will focus on a particular example of one-shot systems, nuclear weapons, but the concepts presented are relevant for one-shot devices in general. A new model will be proposed as an alternative to the bathtub curve for one-shot systems. The new model includes two regimes: birth defect dominated and time-dependent dominated. A short discussion of why a bathtub curve might mistakenly be inferred is included. Finally, the relationship between inherent and estimated reliability will be described in the context of this model. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bierbaum, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS9007, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM rlbierb@sandia.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-1-4244-5103-6 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2010 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BTL33 UT WOS:000287207000069 ER PT S AU Wang, GF Driskell, JD Hill, AA Dufek, EJ Lipert, RJ Porter, MD AF Wang, Gufeng Driskell, Jeremy D. Hill, April A. Dufek, Eric J. Lipert, Robert J. Porter, Marc D. BE Yeung, ES Zare, RN TI Rotationally Induced Hydrodynamics: Fundamentals and Applications to High-Speed Bioassays SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 3 SE Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE rotating disk electrode; mass transport; immunoassay; gold nanoparticles (GNPs); surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS); atomic force microscopy (AFM); extrinsic Raman labels (ERLs) ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; LATERAL-FLOW IMMUNOASSAY; PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; CAPTURE SUBSTRATE ROTATION; LUMINESCENT QUANTUM DOTS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; MASS-TRANSPORT; ELECTRICAL DETECTION; ANTIBODY-BINDING; DETECTION LIMITS AB Bioassays are indispensable tools in areas ranging from fundamental life science research to clinical practice. improving assay speed and levels of detection will have a profound impact in all of these areas. We recently developed a rapid, sensitive format for immunosorbent assays that expedites antigen mass transport by rotating the capture substrate. This review outlines the theoretical foundation of rotationally induced hydrodynamics and its application in heterogeneous assays. We describe a general solution that solves the rates of immunoreactions on rotating capture substrates, taking into account both diffusion and the rate of reaction between antibody and antigen. The general solution applies to a wide range of rotation rates, including mass transport limited to reaction rate limited assays, and is validated experimentally. We discuss several applications that demonstrate how immunoassays can be tailored to increase speed as well as lower the limit of detection of viral particles, pathogens, toxins, and proteins. C1 [Wang, Gufeng; Lipert, Robert J.] Iowa State Univ, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wang, Gufeng; Lipert, Robert J.] Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Driskell, Jeremy D.] Univ Georgia, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hill, April A.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dufek, Eric J.; Porter, Marc D.] Univ Utah, Nano Inst Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. [Dufek, Eric J.; Porter, Marc D.] Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. [Dufek, Eric J.; Porter, Marc D.] Univ Utah, Dept Chem Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. [Dufek, Eric J.; Porter, Marc D.] Univ Utah, Dept Bioengn, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. [Dufek, Eric J.; Porter, Marc D.] Univ Utah, Dept Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. RP Wang, GF (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM blipert@ameslab.gov; marc.porter@utah.edu RI Wang, Gufeng/B-3972-2011; Lipert, Robert/A-8571-2009; Dufek, Eric/B-8847-2017; OI Dufek, Eric/0000-0003-4802-1997; Driskell, Jeremy/0000-0001-5082-898X NR 82 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 23 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1936-1327 BN 978-0-8243-4403-0 J9 ANNU REV ANAL CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem. PY 2010 VL 3 BP 387 EP 407 DI 10.1146/annurev.anchem.111808.073644 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BQB83 UT WOS:000280599500018 PM 20636048 ER PT S AU Dietrich, JA McKee, AE Keasling, JD AF Dietrich, Jeffrey A. McKee, Adrienne E. Keasling, Jay D. BE Kornberg, RD Raetz, CRH Rothman, JE Thorner, JW TI High-Throughput Metabolic Engineering: Advances in Small-Molecule Screening and Selection SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY, VOL 79 SE Annual Review of Biochemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE biosensors; directed evolution; FACS; synthetic biology; transcription factors ID ADENOSYLMETHIONINE-DEPENDENT METHYLTRANSFERASES; L-TYROSINE PRODUCTION; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DIRECTED EVOLUTION; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; IN-VITRO AB Metabolic engineering for the overproduction of high-value small molecules is dependent upon techniques in directed evolution to improve production titers. The majority of small molecules targeted for overproduction are inconspicuous and cannot be readily obtained by screening. We provide a review on the development of high-throughput colorimetric, fluorescent, and growth-coupled screening techniques, enabling inconspicuous small-molecule detection. We first outline constraints on throughput imposed during the standard directed evolution workflow (library construction, transformation, and screening) and establish a screening and selection ladder on the basis of small-molecule assay throughput and sensitivity. An in-depth analysis of demonstrated screening and selection approaches for small-molecule detection is provided. Particular focus is placed on in vivo biosensor-based detection methods that reduce or eliminate in vitro assay manipulations and increase throughput. We conclude by providing our prospectus for the future, focusing on transcription factor-based detection systems as a natural microbial mode of small-molecule detection. C1 [Dietrich, Jeffrey A.; Keasling, Jay D.] UCSF UCB Joint Grad Grp Bioengn Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dietrich, Jeffrey A.; McKee, Adrienne E.; Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Synthet Biol Dept, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. [Dietrich, Jeffrey A.; McKee, Adrienne E.; Keasling, Jay D.] DOE Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 94208 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Calif Inst Quantitat Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dietrich, JA (reprint author), UCSF UCB Joint Grad Grp Bioengn Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jadietrich@berkeley.edu RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088 NR 151 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 5 U2 72 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-4154 BN 978-0-8243-0879-7 J9 ANNU REV BIOCHEM JI Annu. Rev. Biochem.. PY 2010 VL 79 BP 563 EP 590 DI 10.1146/annurev-biochem-062608-095938 PG 28 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BPX29 UT WOS:000280225300020 PM 20367033 ER PT S AU Yeates, TO Crowley, CS Tanaka, S AF Yeates, Todd O. Crowley, Christopher S. Tanaka, Shiho BE Rees, DC Dill, KA Williamson, JR TI Bacterial Microcompartment Organelles: Protein Shell Structure and Evolution SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOPHYSICS, VOL 39 SE Annual Review of Biophysics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE carboxysome; molecular transport; protein assembly; nanocompartments; protein shell ID SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM LT2; B-12-DEPENDENT 1,2-PROPANEDIOL DEGRADATION; HALOTHIOBACILLUS-NEAPOLITANUS CARBOXYSOMES; CYANOBACTERIUM SYNECHOCOCCUS PCC7942; THIOBACILLUS-NEAPOLITANUS; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE; ELECTRON CRYOTOMOGRAPHY; CONCENTRATING MECHANISM; GENE AB Some bacteria contain organelles or microcompartments consisting of a large virion-like protein shell encapsulating sequentially acting enzymes. These organized microcompartments serve to enhance or protect key metabolic pathways inside the cell. The variety of bacterial microcompartments provide diverse metabolic functions, ranging from CO(2) fixation to the degradation of small organic molecules. Yet they share an evolutionarily related shell, which is defined by a conserved protein domain that is widely distributed across the bacterial kingdom. Structural studies on a number of these bacterial microcompartment shell proteins are illuminating the architecture of the shell and highlighting its critical role in controlling molecular transport into and out of microcompartments. Current structural, evolutionary, and mechanistic ideas are discussed, along with genomic studies for exploring the function and diversity of this family of bacterial organelles. C1 [Yeates, Todd O.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Yeates, Todd O.; Crowley, Christopher S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Yeates, Todd O.; Tanaka, Shiho] Univ Calif Los Angeles, UCLA DOE Inst Genom & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Yeates, TO (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM yeates@mbi.ucla.edu OI Yeates, Todd/0000-0001-5709-9839 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI081146, R01 AI081146]; NIGMS NIH HHS [P01 GM031299, P01 GM031299-23] NR 77 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 6 U2 34 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1936-122X BN 978-0-8243-1839-0 J9 ANNU REV BIOPHYS JI Annu. Rev. Biophys. PY 2010 VL 39 BP 185 EP 205 DI 10.1146/annurev.biophys.093008.131418 PG 21 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA BPJ16 UT WOS:000278959400010 PM 20192762 ER PT S AU Dunkle, JA Cate, JHD AF Dunkle, Jack A. Cate, Jamie H. D. BE Rees, DC Dill, KA Williamson, JR TI Ribosome Structure and Dynamics During Translocation and Termination SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOPHYSICS, VOL 39 SE Annual Review of Biophysics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE protein synthesis; proofreading; X-ray crystallography; cryo-electron microscopy; single-molecule spectroscopy ID STOP CODON RECOGNITION; PEPTIDYL-TRANSFER-RNA; HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; ELONGATION-FACTOR G; MESSENGER-RNA; RELEASE FACTOR; 70S RIBOSOME; TRANSLATION TERMINATION; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AB Protein biosynthesis, or translation, occurs on the ribosome, a large RNA-protein assembly universally conserved in all forms of life. Over the last decade, structures of the small and large ribosomal subunits and of the intact ribosome have begun to reveal the molecular details of how the ribosome works. Both cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography continue to provide fresh insights into the mechanism of translation. In this review, we describe the most recent structural models of the bacterial ribosome that shed light on the movement of messenger RNA and transfer RNA on the ribosome after each peptide bond is formed, a process termed translocation. We also discuss recent structures that reveal the molecular basis for stop codon recognition during translation termination. Finally, we review recent advances in understanding how bacteria handle errors in both translocation and termination. C1 [Dunkle, Jack A.; Cate, Jamie H. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cate, Jamie H. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cate, Jamie H. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dunkle, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jcate@lbl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01-GM65050] NR 96 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 14 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1936-122X BN 978-0-8243-1839-0 J9 ANNU REV BIOPHYS JI Annu. Rev. Biophys. PY 2010 VL 39 BP 227 EP 244 DI 10.1146/annurev.biophys.37.032807.125954 PG 18 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA BPJ16 UT WOS:000278959400012 PM 20192776 ER PT S AU Szobota, S Isacoff, EY AF Szobota, Stephanie Isacoff, Ehud Y. BE Rees, DC Dill, KA Williamson, JR TI Optical Control of Neuronal Activity SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOPHYSICS, VOL 39 SE Annual Review of Biophysics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE photostimulation; optogenetics; SPARK; LiGluR; channelrhodopsin; halorhodopsin ID IONOTROPIC GLUTAMATE-RECEPTOR; AMINO-ACID NEUROTRANSMITTERS; LIGHT-INDUCED DEPOLARIZATION; SHAKER K+ CHANNEL; IN-VIVO; NEURAL CIRCUITRY; REMOTE-CONTROL; OPTOGENETIC CONTROL; ECTOPIC EXPRESSION; ION CHANNELS AB Advances in optics, genetics, and chemistry have enabled the investigation of brain function at all levels, from intracellular signals to single synapses, whole cells, circuits, and behavior. Until recent years, these research tools have been utilized in an observational capacity: imaging neural activity with fluorescent reporters, for example, or correlating aberrant neural activity with loss-of-function and gain-of-function pharmacological or genetic manipulations. However, optics, genetics, and chemistry have now combined to yield a new strategy: using light to drive and halt neuronal activity with molecular specificity and millisecond precision. Photostimulation of neurons is noninvasive, has unmatched spatial and temporal resolution, and can be targeted to specific classes of neurons. The optical methods developed to date encompass a broad array of strategies, including photorelease of caged neurotransmitters, engineered light-gated receptors and channels, and naturally light-sensitive ion channels and pumps. In this review, we describe photostimulation methods, their applications, and opportunities for further advancement. C1 [Szobota, Stephanie; Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Szobota, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ehud@berkeley.edu FU NEI NIH HHS [PN2 EY018241, 5PN2EY018241] NR 98 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 50 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1936-122X BN 978-0-8243-1839-0 J9 ANNU REV BIOPHYS JI Annu. Rev. Biophys. PY 2010 VL 39 BP 329 EP 348 DI 10.1146/annurev.biophys.093008.131400 PG 20 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA BPJ16 UT WOS:000278959400017 PM 20192766 ER PT S AU Kim, YS Pivovar, BS AF Kim, Yu Seung Pivovar, Bryan S. BE Prausnitz, JM Doherty, MF Segalman, RA TI Moving Beyond Mass-Based Parameters for Conductivity Analysis of Sulfonated Polymers SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF CHEMICAL AND BIOMOLECULAR ENGINEERING, VOL 1 SE Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE sulfonated polymers; conductivity; water uptake; fuel cells; morphology ID PROTON-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; POLY(ARYLENE ETHER SULFONE); FUEL-CELL APPLICATIONS; PERFLUOROSULFONIC ACID MEMBRANES; NAFION MEMBRANES; ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES; IONOMER MEMBRANES; MULTIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; WATER-CONTENT AB The proton conductivity of polymer electrolytes is critical for fuel cells and has therefore been studied in significant detail. The conductivity of sulfonated polymers has been linked to material characteristics to elucidate trends. Mass-based measurements based on water uptake and ion exchange capacity are two of the most common material characteristics used to make comparisons between polymer electrolytes, but they have significant limitations when correlated to proton conductivity. These limitations arise in part because different polymers can have significantly different densities and because conduction occurs over length scales more appropriately represented by volume measurements rather than mass. Herein we establish and review volume-related parameters that can be used to compare the proton conductivity of different polymer electrolytes. Morphological effects on proton conductivity are also considered. Finally, the impact of these phenomena on designing next-generation sulfonated polymers for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells is discussed. C1 [Pivovar, Bryan S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Hydrogen Technol & Syst Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Kim, Yu Seung] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pivovar, BS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Hydrogen Technol & Syst Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM yskim@lanl.gov; bryan_pivovar@nrel.gov NR 125 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 24 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1947-5438 BN 978-0-8243-5201-1 J9 ANNU REV CHEM BIOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng. PY 2010 VL 1 BP 123 EP 148 DI 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-073009-101309 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BQV42 UT WOS:000281964200007 PM 22432576 ER PT S AU Cairns, EJ Albertus, P AF Cairns, Elton J. Albertus, Paul BE Prausnitz, JM Doherty, MF Segalman, RA TI Batteries for Electric and Hybrid-Electric Vehicles SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF CHEMICAL AND BIOMOLECULAR ENGINEERING, VOL 1 SE Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE anode materials; cathode materials; high-energy batteries ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; NICKEL/METAL-HYDRIDE BATTERIES; HYDROXIDE ACTIVE MATERIAL; MANGANESE OXIDE SPINELS; HIGH-CAPACITY; ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; MULTICOMPONENT DIFFUSION; RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES AB Batteries have powered vehicles for more than a century, but recent advances, especially in lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, are bringing a new generation of electric-powered vehicles to the market. Key barriers to progress include system cost and lifetime, and derive from the difficulty of making a high-energy, high-power, and reversible electrochemical system. Indeed, although humans produce many mechanical and electrical systems, the number of reversible electrochemical systems is very limited. System costs may be brought down by using cathode materials less expensive than those presently employed (e.g., sulfur or air), but reversibility will remain a key challenge. Continued improvements in the ability to synthesize and characterize materials at desired length scales, as well as to use computations to predict new structures and their properties, are facilitating the development of a better understanding and improved systems. Battery research is a fascinating area for development as well as a key enabler for future technologies, including advanced transportation systems with minimal environmental impact. C1 [Cairns, Elton J.; Albertus, Paul] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cairns, Elton J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cairns, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ejcairns@lbl.gov; albertus@berkeley.edu RI Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012 OI Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591 NR 133 TC 108 Z9 110 U1 11 U2 183 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1947-5438 BN 978-0-8243-5201-1 J9 ANNU REV CHEM BIOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng. PY 2010 VL 1 BP 299 EP 320 DI 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-073009-100942 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BQV42 UT WOS:000281964200014 PM 22432583 ER PT S AU Canfield, PC Bud'ko, SL AF Canfield, Paul C. Bud'ko, Sergey L. BE Langer, JS TI FeAs-Based Superconductivity: A Case Study of the Effects of Transition Metal Doping on BaFe2As2 SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, VOL 1 SE Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID MAGNETIC SUPERCONDUCTORS; IRON-PNICTIDES; COMPOUND; PRESSURE; NMR AB The recently discovered FeAs-based superconductors are a new, promising set of materials for technological and basic research. They offer transition temperatures as high as 55 K as well as essentially isotropic, and extremely large, upper, superconducting critical fields, in excess of 40 T at 20 K. In addition, they may well provide insight into exotic superconductivity that extends beyond just FeAs-based superconductivity, perhaps even shedding light on the still-perplexing CuO-based high-T-c, materials. Whereas superconductivity can be induced in the RFeAsO (R = rare earth) and AEFe(2)As(2) (AE = Ba, Sr, Ca) families by several means, transition metal (TM) doping of BaFe2As2 [e.g., Ba(Fe1-xTMx)(2)As-2] offers the easiest experimental access to a wide set of materials and states. In this review, we present an overview and summary of the effect of TM-doping (TM = Co, Ni, Cu, Pd, and Rh) on BaFe2As2. The resulting phase diagrams reveal the nature of the interaction between the structural, magnetic, and superconducting phase transitions in these compounds and delineate a region of phase space that allows for the stabilization of superconductivity. C1 [Canfield, Paul C.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Canfield, PC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM canfield@ameslab.gov; budko@ameslab.gov RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 90 TC 220 Z9 221 U1 13 U2 89 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1947-5454 BN 978-0-8243-5001-7 J9 ANNU REV CONDEN MA P JI Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. PY 2010 VL 1 BP 27 EP 50 DI 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-104041 PG 24 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BQV41 UT WOS:000281964000002 ER PT S AU Bader, SD Parkin, SSP AF Bader, S. D. Parkin, S. S. P. BE Langer, JS TI Spintronics SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, VOL 1 SE Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID DRIVEN MAGNETIZATION DYNAMICS; MESOSCOPIC SPIN-VALVE; HGTE QUANTUM-WELLS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; TRANSFER TORQUES; NANOMAGNETISM; SEMICONDUCTORS; INJECTION; MAGNETORESISTANCE AB Spintronics encompasses the ever-evolving field of magnetic electronics. It is an applied discipline that is so forward-looking that much of the research that supports it is at the center of basic condensed matter physics. This review provides a perspective on recent developments in switching magnetic moments by spin-polarized currents, electric fields, and photonic fields. Developments in the field continue to be strongly dependent on the exploration and discovery of novel material systems. An array of novel transport and thermoelectric effects dependent on the interplay between spin and charge currents have been explored theoretically and experimentally in recent years. The review highlights select areas that hold promise for future investigation and attempts to unify and further inform the field. C1 [Bader, S. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bader, S. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Parkin, S. S. P.] IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP Bader, SD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM bader@anl.gov RI Parkin, Stuart/D-2521-2012; Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013 NR 83 TC 186 Z9 186 U1 27 U2 242 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1947-5454 BN 978-0-8243-5001-7 J9 ANNU REV CONDEN MA P JI Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. PY 2010 VL 1 BP 71 EP 88 DI 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-104123 PG 18 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BQV41 UT WOS:000281964000004 ER PT S AU Daub, EG Carlson, JM AF Daub, Eric G. Carlson, Jean M. BE Langer, JS TI Friction, Fracture and Earthquakes SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, VOL 1 SE Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE earthquake dynamics; constitutive laws; plastic deformation; amorphous materials ID STATE-DEPENDENT FRICTION; SLIP-WEAKENING BEHAVIOR; SAN-ANDREAS SYSTEM; DYNAMIC RUPTURE; CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS; HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; PUNCHBOWL FAULT; SURFACE-ENERGY AB A primary goal in seismology is to identify constraints arising from the small-scale physics of friction and fracture that can provide bounds on seismic hazard and ground motion at the fault scale. Here, we review the multiscale earthquake rupture problem and describe a physical model for the deformation of amorphous Materials such as granular fault gouge. The model is based on shear transformation zone (STZ) theory, a microscopic model for plastic deformation. STZ theory ties fault weakening to the evolution of an effective temperature, which quantifies configurational disorder and captures the spontaneous formation and growth of narrow shear bands in the fault gouge. C1 [Daub, Eric G.; Carlson, Jean M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Daub, Eric G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Daub, Eric G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Daub, EG (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM edaub@lanl.gov; carlson@physics.ucsb.edu NR 114 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 22 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1947-5454 BN 978-0-8243-5001-7 J9 ANNU REV CONDEN MA P JI Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. PY 2010 VL 1 BP 397 EP 418 DI 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-104025 PG 22 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BQV41 UT WOS:000281964000018 ER PT S AU Mundaca, L Neij, L Worrell, E McNeil, M AF Mundaca, Luis Neij, Lena Worrell, Ernst McNeil, Michael BE Gadgil, A Liverman, DM TI Evaluating Energy Efficiency Policies with Energy-Economy Models SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES, VOL 35 SE Annual Review of Environment and Resources LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE household sector; induced technological change; policy evaluation; policy instruments; technology choice determinants ID INDIVIDUAL DISCOUNT RATES; LONG-TERM ENERGY; MARKET TRANSFORMATION; TECHNOLOGICAL-CHANGE; DECISION-MAKING; TOP-DOWN; CONSERVATION; BOTTOM; DURABLES; PURCHASE AB The growing complexities of energy systems, environmental problems, and technology markets are driving and testing most energy-economy models to their limits. To further advance bottom-up models from a multidisciplinary energy efficiency policy evaluation perspective, we review and critically analyze bottom-up energy-economy models and corresponding evaluation studies on energy efficiency policies to induce technological change. We use the household sector as a case study. Our analysis focuses on decision frameworks for technology choice, type of evaluation being carried out, treatment of market and behavioral failures, evaluated policy instruments, and key determinants used to mimic policy instruments. Although the review confirms criticism related to energy-economy models (e.g., unrealistic representation of decision making by consumers when choosing technologies), they provide valuable guidance for policy evaluation related to energy efficiency. Different areas to further advance models remain open, particularly related to modeling issues, techno-economic and environmental aspects, behavioral determinants, and policy considerations. C1 [Mundaca, Luis; Neij, Lena] Lund Univ, Int Inst Ind Environm Econ, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Worrell, Ernst] Univ Utrecht, Dept Innovat & Environm Sci, NL-3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands. [McNeil, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy & Environm Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mundaca, L (reprint author), Lund Univ, Int Inst Ind Environm Econ, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. EM luis.mundaca@iiiee.lu.se; lena.neij@iiiee.lu.se; E.Worrell@uu.nl; MAMcNeil@lbl.gov RI Worrell, Ernst/L-5455-2013 OI Worrell, Ernst/0000-0002-0199-9755 NR 140 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 11 U2 37 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1543-5938 BN 978-0-8243-2335-6 J9 ANNU REV ENV RESOUR JI Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour PY 2010 VL 35 BP 305 EP 344 DI 10.1146/annurev-environ-052810-164840 PG 40 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BSJ59 UT WOS:000284721100012 ER PT J AU Kurtz, MJ Bollen, J AF Kurtz, Michael J. Bollen, Johan TI Usage Bibliometrics SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASTROPHYSICS DATA SYSTEM; ELECTRONIC JOURNAL USAGE; OPEN-ACCESS ARTICLES; CITATION ANALYSIS; HALF-LIFE; INFORMATION-RETRIEVAL; SCIENTIFIC WORKFLOWS; DIGITAL LIBRARY; SCIENCE POLICY; SEARCH PROCESS C1 [Kurtz, Michael J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bollen, Johan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Res Lib, Digital Lib Res & Prototyping Team, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Kurtz, MJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kurtz@cfa.harvard.edu; jbollen@lanl.gov RI KURTZ, Michael /B-3890-2009; OI Kurtz, Michael/0000-0002-6949-0090 FU NASA [NCC5-189]; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; Digital Library Research and Prototyping Team at the Research Library of the Los Alamos National Laboratory FX Michael Kurtz would like to acknowledge the long term collaboration with the Astrophysics Data System (ADS) group at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, especially Guenther Eichhorn, Alberto Accomazzi, and Edwin Henneken. The ADS is supported by NASA grant NCC5-189. Johan Bollen would like to thank Herbert Van de Sompel and the Digital Library Research and Prototyping Team at the Research Library of the Los Alamos National Laboratory for their support in developing many of the ideas and much of the research presented in this paper. The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation supported the MESUR project to develop usage-based impact metrics from 2006 to 2008. NR 170 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 7 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0066-4200 J9 ANNU REV INFORM SCI JI Annu. Rev. Inform. Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 44 BP 3 EP 64 PG 62 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 818XK UT WOS:000294789800002 ER PT S AU Launey, ME Buehler, MJ Ritchie, RO AF Launey, Maximilien E. Buehler, Markus J. Ritchie, Robert O. BE Clarke, DR Ruhle, M Zok, F TI On the Mechanistic Origins of Toughness in Bone SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH, VOL 40 SE Annual Review of Materials Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE fracture; deformation; mechanisms; length scales ID HUMAN CORTICAL BONE; PLASTIC FRACTURE-MECHANICS; FATIGUE-CRACK-PROPAGATION; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; OSTEOGENESIS-IMPERFECTA; COLLAGEN FIBRILS; HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE; BIOMIMETIC MATERIALS; MINERAL CRYSTALS; TOUGHENING MECHANISM AB One of the most intriguing protein materials found in nature is bone, a material composed of assemblies of tropocollagen molecules and tiny hydroxyapatite mineral crystals that form an extremely tough, yet lightweight, adaptive and multifunctional material. Bone has evolved to provide structural support to organisms, and therefore its mechanical properties are of great physiological relevance. In this article, we review the structure and properties of bone, focusing on mechanical deformation and fracture behavior from the perspective of the multidimensional hierarchical nature of its structure. In fact, bone derives its resistance to fracture with a multitude of deformation and toughening mechanisms at many size scales ranging from the nanoscale structure of its protein molecules to the macroscopic physiological scale. C1 [Launey, Maximilien E.; Ritchie, Robert O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Buehler, Markus J.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Ritchie, Robert O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Launey, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MELauney@lbl.gov; mbuehler@MIT.EDU; RORitchie@lbl.gov RI Buehler, Markus/C-4580-2008; Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Buehler, Markus/0000-0002-4173-9659; Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 NR 124 TC 173 Z9 173 U1 12 U2 112 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1531-7331 BN 978-0-8243-1740-9 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2010 VL 40 BP 25 EP 53 DI 10.1146/annurev-matsci-070909-104427 PG 29 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BQE94 UT WOS:000280818700002 ER PT S AU Pharr, GM Herbert, EG Gao, YF AF Pharr, George M. Herbert, Erik G. Gao, Yanfei BE Clarke, DR Ruhle, M Zok, F TI The Indentation Size Effect: A Critical Examination of Experimental Observations and Mechanistic Interpretations SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH, VOL 40 SE Annual Review of Materials Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE hardness; metals; strength; dislocations; nanoindentation; modeling ID STRAIN GRADIENT PLASTICITY; DISCRETE DISLOCATION SIMULATION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SPHERICAL INDENTATION; WEDGE INDENTATION; CONVENTIONAL THEORY; NANO-INDENTATION; ELASTIC-MODULUS; FINITE-ELEMENT; CONTACT AREA AB The indentation size effect is one of several size effects on strength for which "smaller is stronger." Through use of geometrically self-similar indenters such as cones and pyramids, the size effect is manifested as an increase in hardness with decreasing depth of penetration and becomes important at depths of less than approximately 1 mu m. For spherical indenters, the diameter of the sphere is the most important length scale; spheres with diameters of less than approximately 100 mu m produce measurably higher hardnesses. We critically review experimental observations of the size effect, focusing on the behavior of crystalline metals, and examine prevailing ideas on the mechanisms responsible for the effect in light of recent experimental observations and computer simulations. C1 [Pharr, George M.; Herbert, Erik G.; Gao, Yanfei] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Pharr, George M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gao, Yanfei] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pharr, GM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM pharr@utk.edu; eherbert@utk.edu; ygao7@utk.edu RI Gao, Yanfei/F-9034-2010 OI Gao, Yanfei/0000-0003-2082-857X NR 80 TC 145 Z9 148 U1 9 U2 126 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1531-7331 BN 978-0-8243-1740-9 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2010 VL 40 BP 271 EP 292 DI 10.1146/annurev-matsci-070909-104456 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BQE94 UT WOS:000280818700011 ER PT S AU Tang, M Carter, WC Chiang, YM AF Tang, Ming Carter, W. Craig Chiang, Yet-Ming BE Clarke, DR Ruhle, M Zok, F TI Electrochemically Driven Phase Transitions in Insertion Electrodes or Lithium-Ion Batteries: Examples in Lithium Metal Phosphate Olivines SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH, VOL 40 SE Annual Review of Materials Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE lithium intercalation compounds; phase transition kinetics; nucleation and growth; electrical overpotential; phase-field model ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; CHEMICAL DIFFUSION; NEGATIVE-ELECTRODE; NANOSCALE OLIVINES; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; CATHODE MATERIAL; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MISCIBILITY GAP; DISCHARGE MODEL AB The thermodynamics and kinetics of phase transformations in electrochemical systems are reviewed. Phase transitions in LiMPO4(M = Fe, Mn, Ni, Co) olivines are highlighted. The phase transformation phenomena in LiMPO4 are diverse and include thermodynamic effects of particle size and applied overpotential, the appearance of metastable phases, and the effects of defects from atomic disorder and aliovalent doping. Such phenomena also include kinetic effects such as interface motion and diffusion of Li-electron complexes. The nature of phase transitions directly influences electrode performance in battery applications. Reduced particle size and doping can reduce or eliminate room-temperature Li miscibility gaps, which in turn affect characteristics of state of charge versus voltage and the elastic energy clue to volume mismatches between phases. Near the conditions for a phase transition, Li diffusion coefficients are reduced. Nucleation and growth kinetics produce a series of phase transition sequences, which can result in the accumulation of noncrystalline phases during electrochemical cycling. C1 [Tang, Ming] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Carter, W. Craig; Chiang, Yet-Ming] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Chiang, YM (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM tang25@llnl.gov; ccarter@mit.edu; ychiang@mit.edu RI Carter, W/K-2406-2012 NR 90 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 8 U2 97 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1531-7331 BN 978-0-8243-1740-9 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2010 VL 40 BP 501 EP 529 DI 10.1146/annurev-matsci-070909-104435 PG 29 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BQE94 UT WOS:000280818700020 ER PT S AU Barouch, DH Korber, B AF Barouch, Dan H. Korber, Bette TI HIV-1 Vaccine Development After STEP SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MEDICINE SE Annual Review of Medicine LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE HIV-1; viral diversity; antigen design; T cell vaccines; antibody vaccines ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; T-CELL RESPONSES; GP120 ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; SUBTYPE-B ENVELOPE; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; RHESUS-MONKEYS; TYPE-1 INFECTION; VIRAL ESCAPE; CLASS-I AB Despite more than 2 5 years of concerted worldwide research, the development of a safe and effective HIV-1 vaccine remains elusive. Prototype antibody-based and T cell-based HIV-1 vaccines have failed to show efficacy in clinical trials to date. Next-generation HIV-1 vaccine candidates are in various stages of preclinical and clinical development, but key scientific obstacles pose major challenges for the field. Critical hurdles include the enormous global diversity of the virus and the challenges associated with generating broadly reactive neutralizing antibody and cellular immune responses. We review the current state of the HIV-1 vaccine field and outline strategies that are being explored to overcome these roadblocks. C1 [Barouch, Dan H.] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Vaccine Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Barouch, Dan H.] Ragon Inst MGH MIT & Harvard, Boston, MA USA. [Korber, Bette] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Korber, Bette] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87545 USA. RP Barouch, DH (reprint author), Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Vaccine Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM dbarouch@bidmc.harvard.edu OI Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU National Institutes of Health [AI078526, AI066924, AI066305, AI1058727, AI067854, AI061734]; Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard FX D.H.B. acknowledges support from the National Institutes of Health (AI078526, AI066924, AI066305, AI1058727, AI067854), the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (#38643, #38614), the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, and the Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard. B.K. acknowledges support from the National Institutes of Health (AI067854, AI061734). NR 99 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 10 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4219 BN 978-0-8243-0561-1 J9 ANNU REV MED JI Annu. Rev. Med. PY 2010 VL 61 BP 153 EP 167 DI 10.1146/annurev.med.042508.093728 PG 15 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 559WB UT WOS:000274857600011 PM 20059334 ER PT S AU Kerfeld, CA Heinhorst, S Cannon, GC AF Kerfeld, Cheryl A. Heinhorst, Sabine Cannon, Gordon C. BE Gottesman, S Harwood, CS TI Bacterial Microcompartments SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MICROBIOLOGY, VOL 64, 2010 SE Annual Review of Microbiology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE carboxysome; horizontal gene transfer; bacterial organelle; polyhedral bacterial inclusions ID CO2 CONCENTRATING MECHANISMS; ETHANOLAMINE AMMONIA-LYASE; SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM LT2; COENZYME B-12-DEPENDENT DEGRADATION; CYANOBACTERIUM SYNECHOCOCCUS SP; INORGANIC CARBON FLUXES; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; THIOBACILLUS-NEAPOLITANUS; CARBOXYSOME SHELL; 1,2-PROPANEDIOL UTILIZATION AB Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are organelles composed entirely of protein They promote specific metabolic processes by encapsulating and colocalizing enzymes with their substrates and cofactors, by protecting vulnerable enzymes in a defined microenvironment, and by sequestering toxic or volatile intermediates Prototypes of the BMCs are the carboxysomes of autotrophic bacteria However, structures of similar polyhedral shape are being discovered in an ever-increasing number of heterotrophic bacteria, where they participate in the utilization of specialty carbon and energy sources Comparative genomics reveals that the potential for this type of compartmentalization is widespread across bacterial phyla and suggests that genetic modules encoding BMCs are frequently laterally transferred among bacteria The diverse functions of these BMCs suggest that they contribute to metabolic innovation in bacteria in a broad range of environments C1 [Kerfeld, Cheryl A.] US Dept Energy Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Kerfeld, Cheryl A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Heinhorst, Sabine; Cannon, Gordon C.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Kerfeld, CA (reprint author), US Dept Energy Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. NR 69 TC 117 Z9 117 U1 6 U2 42 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-4227 BN 978-0-8243-1164-3 J9 ANNU REV MICROBIOL JI Annu. Rev. Microbiol. PY 2010 VL 64 BP 391 EP 408 DI 10.1146/annurev.micro.112408.134211 PG 18 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BSA47 UT WOS:000284030600021 PM 20825353 ER PT S AU Bhatti, AA Lincoln, D AF Bhatti, Anwar A. Lincoln, Don BE Holstein, BR Haxton, WC Jawahery, A TI Jet Physics at the Tevatron SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE, VOL 60 SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE QCD; jet cross section; dijet resonance search; compositeness; extra dimensions ID HADRON-HADRON COLLISIONS; CERN PBARP COLLIDER; INCLUSIVE JET; CROSS-SECTION; EXTRA DIMENSIONS; (P)OVER-BAR-P COLLISIONS; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; STANDARD MODEL; DETECTOR; QUARK AB Jets have been used to verify the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), measure the structure of the proton, and search for physics beyond the Standard Model. In this article, we review the current status of jet physics at the Tevatron, a root s = 1.96 TeV p (p) over bar collider at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. We report on recent measurements of the inclusive jet production cross section, dijet production measurements, and the results of searches for physics beyond the Standard Model using jets. C1 [Bhatti, Anwar A.] Rockefeller Univ, Lab Expt High Energy Phys, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Lincoln, Don] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bhatti, AA (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, Lab Expt High Energy Phys, New York, NY 10065 USA. EM bhatti@fnal.gov; lincoln@fnal.gov NR 94 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0163-8998 BN 978-0-8243-1560-3 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2010 VL 60 BP 267 EP 297 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.012809.104430 PG 31 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BSX34 UT WOS:000286042800011 ER PT S AU Gelis, F Iancu, E Jalilian-Marian, J Venugopalan, R AF Gelis, Francois Iancu, Edmond Jalilian-Marian, Jamal Venugopalan, Raju BE Holstein, BR Haxton, WC Jawahery, A TI The Color Glass Condensate SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE, VOL 60 SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE quantum chromodynamics; saturation; deep-inelastic scattering; glasma; multiparticle production; quark-gluon plasma; heavy-ion collisions ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; INELASTIC EP SCATTERING; STRONG EXTERNAL SOURCES; HIGH-ENERGY SCATTERING; HIGH-DENSITY QCD; SMALL-X; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; SATURATION PHYSICS AB We provide a broad overview of the theoretical status and phenomenological applications of the color glass condensate effective field theory, which describes universal properties of saturated gluons in hadron wave functions that are extracted from deep-inelastic scattering and hadron-hadron collision experiments at high energies. C1 [Gelis, Francois; Iancu, Edmond] CEA Saclay, Inst Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Jalilian-Marian, Jamal] Baruch Coll, Dept Nat Sci, New York, NY 10010 USA. [Jalilian-Marian, Jamal] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Venugopalan, Raju] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gelis, F (reprint author), CEA Saclay, Inst Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM francois.gelis@cea.fr; edmond.iancu@cea.fr; jamal.jalilian-marian@baruch.cuny.edu; raju@bnl.gov NR 221 TC 358 Z9 360 U1 0 U2 7 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0163-8998 BN 978-0-8243-1560-3 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2010 VL 60 BP 463 EP 489 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.010909.083629 PG 27 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BSX34 UT WOS:000286042800018 ER PT S AU de Gouvea, A Saoulidou, N AF de Gouvea, Andre Saoulidou, Niki BE Holstein, BR Haxton, WC Jawahery, A TI Fermilab's Intensity Frontier SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE, VOL 60 SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE rare processes; precision measurements; neutrinos; muons; kaons ID NUMBER-NONCONSERVATION; NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS; FLAVOR VIOLATION; STANDARD MODEL; GAUGE THEORIES; MUON; PHYSICS; LEPTON; DECAYS; DETECTOR AB Particle physics experiments at the intensity frontier aim to probe nature through precision studies of the properties and interactions of its basic constituents, using intense particle beams and innovative detectors. We review the physics potential of several of these experiments, especially those that can be very effectively pursued at Fermilab in the near and intermediate future, assuming that a new intense proton source Project X will be available. We concentrate on flavor-violating phenomena that have been identified as the main particle physics drivers for Project X: the study of neutrino masses and mixing through long-baseline neutrino oscillations; searches for rare, flavor-violating muon processes; and precision measurements of kaon decays into neutrinos, K -> pi nu(nu) over bar. We also comment on other opportunities, such as measurements of the anomalous magnetic moment of muon and neutrino-matter scattering. C1 [de Gouvea, Andre] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Saoulidou, Niki] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Particle Phys Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP de Gouvea, A (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM degouvea@northwestern.edu; niki@fnal.gov NR 100 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0163-8998 BN 978-0-8243-1560-3 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2010 VL 60 BP 513 EP 538 DI 10.1146/annurev-nucl-100809-131949 PG 26 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BSX34 UT WOS:000286042800020 ER PT S AU Duan, HY Fuller, GM Qian, YZ AF Duan, Huaiyu Fuller, George M. Qian, Yong-Zhong BE Holstein, BR Haxton, WC Jawahery, A TI Collective Neutrino Oscillations SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE, VOL 60 SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE neutrino masses and mixings; neutrino spectral swaps/splits; supernova neutrino signals ID CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; ELECTRON-CAPTURE SUPERNOVAE; EARLY UNIVERSE; FLAVOR TRANSFORMATION; ACCRETION SHOCK; MASS HIERARCHY; DENSE MATTER; 3 DIMENSIONS; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; EXPLOSIONS AB We review the rich phenomena associated with neutrino flavor transformation in the presence of neutrino self-coupling. Our exposition centers on three collective neutrino oscillation scenarios: (a) a simple bipolar neutrino system that initially consists of monoenergetic nu(e) and (nu) over bar (e), (b) a homogeneous and isotropic neutrino gas with multiple neutrino/antineutrino species and continuous energy spectra, and (e) a generic neutrino gas in an anisotropic environment. We use each of these scenarios to illustrate key facets of collective neutrino oscillations. We discuss the implications of collective neutrino flavor oscillations for core-collapse supernova physics and for the prospects of obtaining and/or constraining fundamental neutrino properties, such as the neutrino mass hierarchy and theta(13) from a future observed supernova neutrino signal. C1 [Duan, Huaiyu] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fuller, George M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Qian, Yong-Zhong] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Duan, HY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM Huaiyu.Duan@MailAPS.org; gfuller@ucsd.edu; qian@physics.umn.edu NR 135 TC 179 Z9 179 U1 0 U2 6 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0163-8998 BN 978-0-8243-1560-3 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2010 VL 60 BP 569 EP 594 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.012809.104524 PG 26 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BSX34 UT WOS:000286042800022 ER PT S AU Brau, JE Jaros, JA Ma, H AF Brau, James E. Jaros, John A. Ma, Hong BE Holstein, BR Haxton, WC Jawahery, A TI Advances in Calorimetry SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE, VOL 60 SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE calorimeters; energy measurement; particle identification; compensation ID WATER CHERENKOV DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; HIGH-ENERGY-PHYSICS; LARGE-SIZE LSO; LIQUID-ARGON; ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER; NEUTRINO INTERACTIONS; HADRON CALORIMETERS; COLLIDER DETECTOR; URANIUM AB We review recent advances in calorimetry for high-energy physics. We provide an overview of the fundamentals of calorimetry, then survey calorimeters used in recent experiments, which represent the current state of the art. We conclude with descriptions of several research and development efforts and discuss future directions of the field. C1 [Brau, James E.] Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Jaros, John A.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ma, Hong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brau, JE (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM jimbrau@uoregon.edu; john@slac.stanford.edu; hma@bnl.gov NR 119 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 7 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0163-8998 BN 978-0-8243-1560-3 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2010 VL 60 BP 615 EP 644 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.012809.104449 PG 30 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BSX34 UT WOS:000286042800024 ER PT S AU Coppe, JP Desprez, PY Krtolica, A Campisi, J AF Coppe, Jean -Philippe Desprez, Pierre-Yves Krtolica, Ana Campisi, Judith TI The Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype: The Dark Side of Tumor Suppression SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE SE Annual Review of Pathology-Mechanisms of Disease LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE aging; cancer; inflammation; proliferation; invasion ID ONCOGENE-INDUCED SENESCENCE; PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; HUMAN-DIPLOID FIBROBLASTS; BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA; PANCREATIC-CANCER CELLS; RAS-INDUCED SENESCENCE; TISSUE GROWTH-FACTOR; CELLULAR SENESCENCE; REPLICATIVE SENESCENCE AB Cellular senescence is a tumor-suppressive mechanism that permanently arrests cells at risk for malignant transformation. However, accumulating evidence shows that senescent cells can have deleterious effects on the tissue microenvironment. The most significant of these effects is the acquisition of a senescence-associated secretor phenotype (SASP) that turns senescent fibroblasts into proinflammatory cells that have the ability to promote tumor progression. C1 [Coppe, Jean -Philippe; Krtolica, Ana; Campisi, Judith] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Desprez, Pierre-Yves; Campisi, Judith] Ruck Inst Age Res, Novato, CA 94945 USA. [Desprez, Pierre-Yves] Calif Pacific Med Ctr, Canc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA. RP Coppe, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pydesprez@cpmcri.org FU NIA NIH HHS [P01 AG017242, P01 AG041122, R37 AG009909] NR 149 TC 559 Z9 566 U1 10 U2 86 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1553-4006 BN 978-0-8243-4305-7 J9 ANNU REV PATHOL-MECH JI Annu. Rev. Pathol.-Mech. Dis. PY 2010 VL 5 BP 99 EP 118 DI 10.1140/annurev-pathol-121808-102144 PG 20 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 562DU UT WOS:000275030400005 PM 20078217 ER PT S AU Wang, LW AF Wang, Lin-Wang BE Leone, SR Cremer, PS Groves, JT Johnson, MA Richmond, G TI Novel Computational Methods for Nanostructure Electronic Structure Calculations SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 61 SE Annual Review of Physical Chemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE density functional theory; nanocrystal; electronic structure; plane-wave pseudopotential; linear scaling method ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; SMALL SEMICONDUCTOR CRYSTALLITES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; CDSE QUANTUM DOTS; PSEUDOPOTENTIAL THEORY; ORBITAL METHOD; BASIS-SET; SIZE AB Experimentally relevant nanocrystals often contain a few thousands to hundreds of thousands of atoms. Yet, to understand their electronic structures, surface and impurity effects, atomic relaxations, interior electric fields, carrier dynamics, and transports, it is often necessary to carry out atomistic simulations. Owing to the advance of recent algorithm developments and improved supercomputer powers, it is now possible to calculate such nanocrystals based on ab initio methods. In this review, we discuss the numerical algorithms (the plane-wave pseudopotential method and the real-space finite-difference method) used in conventional density-functional-theory calculations, which enable the simulations of systems up to one or two thousand atoms. We also introduce methods designed specifically for nanostructure calculations. These methods [the charge-patching method (CPM) and the linear scaling three-dimensional fragment method (LS3DF)] can be used to calculate systems with hundreds of thousands of atoms. Whereas CPM is an approximation with ab initio quality, the LS3DF method is an O(N) method with essentially the same results as the direct methods. The computational aspects of the algorithms, especially for their parallelization scalability, are also emphasized in the review. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, LW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LWWang@lbl.gov NR 141 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 39 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-426X BN 978-0-8243-1061-5 J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2010 VL 61 BP 19 EP 39 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.012809.103344 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BOX60 UT WOS:000277960500002 PM 20055669 ER PT S AU Choi, CL Alivisatos, AP AF Choi, Charina L. Alivisatos, A. Paul BE Leone, SR Cremer, PS Groves, JT Johnson, MA Richmond, G TI From Artificial Atoms to Nanocrystal Molecules: Preparation and Properties of More Complex Nanostructures SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 61 SE Annual Review of Physical Chemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE quantum dot; nanocrystal molecule; plasmon ruler; tetrapod; chemical transformations of nanocrystals ID SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM RODS; ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; CATION-EXCHANGE; MONODISPERSE NANOCRYSTALS; COLLOIDAL NANOCRYSTALS; METAL NANOPARTICLES; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; GOLD NANOCRYSTALS; ELECTRONIC STATES; CDTE NANOCRYSTALS AB Quantum clots, which have found widespread use in fields such as biomedicine, photovoltaics, and electronics, are often called artificial atoms due to their size-dependent physical properties. Here this analogy is extended to consider artificial nanocrystal molecules, formed from well-defined groupings of plasmonically or electronically coupled single nanocrystals. Just as a hydrogen molecule has properties distinct from two uncoupled hydrogen atoms, a key feature of nanocrystal molecules is that they exhibit properties altered from those of the component nanoparticles due to coupling. The nature of the coupling between nanocrystal atoms and its response to vibrations and deformations of the nanocrystal molecule bonds are of particular interest. We discuss synthetic approaches, predicted and observed physical properties, and prospects and challenges toward this new class of materials. C1 [Choi, Charina L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Choi, CL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM APAlivisatos@lbl.gov RI Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015 OI Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048 FU NEI NIH HHS [PN2 EY016546, PN2EY016546] NR 90 TC 118 Z9 118 U1 15 U2 128 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-426X BN 978-0-8243-1061-5 J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2010 VL 61 BP 369 EP 389 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.012809.103311 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BOX60 UT WOS:000277960500018 PM 20055683 ER PT S AU Scheller, HV Ulvskov, P AF Scheller, Henrik Vibe Ulvskov, Peter BE Merchant, S Briggs, WR Ort, D TI Hemicelluloses SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY, VOL 61 SE Annual Review of Plant Biology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE xyloglucan; xylan; mannan; glucomannan; mixed-linkage glucan; plant cell wall ID PLANT-CELL WALLS; PEA STEM SEGMENTS; SUSPENSION-CULTURED CELLS; FERULIC ACID ESTERASE; REDUCING END-GROUPS; GLUCURONOXYLAN BIOSYNTHESIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MIXED-LINKAGE; XYLOGLUCAN OLIGOSACCHARIDES; BETA-GLUCAN AB Hemicelluloses are polysaccharides in plant cell walls that have beta(1 -> 4)-linked backbones with an equatorial configuration. Hemicelluloses include xyloglucans, xylans, mannans and glucomannans, and beta-(1 -> 3,1 -> 4)-glucans. These types of hemicelluloses are present in the cell walls of all terrestrial plants, except for beta-(1 -> 3,1 -> 4)-glucans, which are restricted to Poales and a few other groups. The detailed structure of the hemicelluloses and their abundance vary widely between different species and cell types. The most important biological role of hemicelluloses is their contribution to strengthening the cell wall by interaction with cellulose and, in some walls, with lignin. These features are discussed in relation to widely accepted models of the primary wall. Hemicelluloses are synthesized by glycosyltransferases located in the Golgi membranes. Many glycosyltransferases needed for biosynthesis of xyloglucans and mannans are known. In contrast, the biosynthesis of xylans and beta-(1 -> 3,1 -> 4)-glucans remains very elusive, and recent studies have led to more questions than answers. C1 [Scheller, Henrik Vibe] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Joint BioEnergy Inst, Feedstocks Div, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. [Ulvskov, Peter] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Plant Biol & Biotechnol, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. RP Scheller, HV (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Joint BioEnergy Inst, Feedstocks Div, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. EM hscheller@lbl.gov; ulvskov@life.ku.dk RI Scheller, Henrik/A-8106-2008; Ulvskov, Peter/I-1228-2014 OI Scheller, Henrik/0000-0002-6702-3560; Ulvskov, Peter/0000-0003-3776-818X NR 166 TC 626 Z9 645 U1 59 U2 475 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1543-5008 BN 978-0-8243-0661-8 J9 ANNU REV PLANT BIOL JI Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. PY 2010 VL 61 BP 263 EP 289 DI 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042809-112315 PG 27 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BPI54 UT WOS:000278924400012 PM 20192742 ER PT B AU Bradbury, A AF Bradbury, Andrew BE Kontermann, R Dubel, S TI Coning Hybridoma cDNA by RACE SO ANTIBODY ENGINEERING, VOL 1, SECOND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VARIABLE REGION GENES; CELL-LINES; AMPLIFICATION; ANTIBODY; DOMAINS; PRIMERS; CLONING; CHAINS; EXPRESSION; LIBRARIES C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div B, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bradbury, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div B, MS-M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM amb@lanl.gov OI Bradbury, Andrew/0000-0002-5567-8172 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA BN 978-3-642-01143-6 PY 2010 BP 15 EP 20 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-01144-3_2 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-01144-3 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA BOZ46 UT WOS:000278106700002 ER PT B AU Timchalk, C AF Timchalk, Charles BE Satoh, T Gupta, RC TI BIOMONITORING OF PESTICIDES: PHARMACOKINETICS OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS AND CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES SO ANTICHOLINESTERASE PESTICIDES: METABOLISM, NEUROTOXICITY, AND EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT; PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; PHARMACOKINETIC/PHARMACODYNAMIC MODEL; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; IN-VITRO; PHARMACODYNAMIC MODEL; METABOLITE EXCRETION; HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Timchalk, C (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN P7-59, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 128 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 3RD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-470-64050-0; 978-0-470-41030-1 PY 2010 BP 267 EP 287 PG 21 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BCI20 UT WOS:000310238800021 ER PT J AU Kuiken, C AF Kuiken, Carla TI Designing a low-cost drug resistance database for viral hepatitis SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Review ID C VIRUS; SEQUENCE DATABASE; HCV AB Plans are outlined for a new database for hepatitis antiviral drug resistance mutations that will be closely linked to existing sequence databases. The new database will contain an infrastructure to store all available information on drug resistance mutations for the virus and a mutation can be searched by itself or in conjunction with the sequence information. Self-maintaining and self-updating sequence databases already exist for several viruses. The resistance mutation database would be annotated by authorized users, recruited from among clinicians and researchers familiar with each virus. The new database would provide a central location to find known drug resistance mutations for HBV and HCV; the ability to search the sequence database for each (combination of) mutations, retrieve alignments of relevant sections, and analyse mutation context and other background information; and rapid inclusion of newly found mutations without the need to wait for a publication. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, HIV Database Project, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Kuiken, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, HIV Database Project, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM Kuiken@lanl.gov FU HIV databases; Division of AIDS of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA [Y1AI830902] FX We thank our colleagues at the HIV databases for their help and support. Funding for this work was provided by the Division of AIDS of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA (HIV database project, contract number Y1AI830902). NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2010 VL 15 IS 3 BP 517 EP 520 DI 10.3851/IMP1554 PN B PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 629QS UT WOS:000280215400010 PM 20516573 ER PT S AU Newman, L AF Newman, L. BE Kulakow, PA Pidlisnyuk, VV TI PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER SO APPLICATION OF PHYTOTECHNOLOGIES FOR CLEANUP OF INDUSTRIAL, AGRICULTURAL, AND WASTEWATER CONTAMINATION SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C - Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Application of Phytotechnologies for Cleanup of Industrial, Agricultural and Wastewater Contamination CY JUN 04-07, 2007 CL Kamenetz Podilsky, UKRAINE SP NATO Sci Peace Program DE phytoremediation; groundwater; solvents; hybrid poplar; combination technologies ID TREES; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; POLLUTANTS; METABOLISM; VOLATILE; POPLAR; 2E1 AB Groundwater contamination is a problem facing many if not all nations. Most common engineering solutions are expensive and require dedicated personnel to set up and maintain. Phytoremediation offers a low cost, low technology approach to remediate groundwater. Phytoremediation has been shown to be affective for a variety of contaminants, with plants capable of degrading the chemicals to non-toxic metabolites. Ways are being developed to assist plants in reaching deep aquifer waters beyond the root zones of trees. Plant are being examined to determine the genes involved in the metabolism of the contaminants, as well as genetic engineering of plants for enhanced capabilities. Plant associated microbes are also being explored as a way to improve phytoremediation capabilities. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Newman, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-90-481-3590-5 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR PY 2010 BP 177 EP 187 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3592-9_12 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Environmental; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BMR29 UT WOS:000273388200012 ER PT S AU Melgaard, DK Scholand, AJ Larson, KW AF Melgaard, D. K. Scholand, A. J. Larson, K. W. BE Tescher, AG TI Scene kinetics mitigation using factor analysis with derivative factors SO APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING XXXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXIII CY AUG 02-04, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Clutter Removal; Target Detection; Staring Sensor; Background estimation ID CLUTTER; MISREGISTRATION; TRACKING AB Line of sight jitter in staring sensor data combined with scene information can obscure critical information for change analysis or target detection. Consequently before the data analysis, the jitter effects must be significantly reduced. Conventional principal component analysis (PCA) has been used to obtain basis vectors for background estimation; however PCA requires image frames that contain the jitter variation that is to be modeled. Since jitter is usually chaotic and asymmetric, a data set containing all the variation without the changes to be detected is typically not available. An alternative approach, Scene Kinetics Mitigation, first obtains an image of the scene. Then it computes derivatives of that image in the horizontal and vertical directions. The basis set for estimation of the background and the jitter consists of the image and its derivative factors. This approach has several advantages including: 1) only a small number of images are required to develop the model, 2) the model can estimate backgrounds with jitter different from the input training images, 3) the method is particularly effective for sub-pixel jitter, and 4) the model can be developed from images before the change detection process. In addition the scores from projecting the factors on the background provide estimates of the jitter magnitude and direction for registration of the images. In this paper we will present a discussion of the theoretical basis for this technique, provide examples of its application, and discuss its limitations. C1 [Melgaard, D. K.; Scholand, A. J.; Larson, K. W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Melgaard, DK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8294-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7798 AR 77982J DI 10.1117/12.863950 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BTQ34 UT WOS:000287763500074 ER PT J AU Martinez, D Grigoriev, I Salamov, A AF Martinez, Diego Grigoriev, Igor Salamov, Asaf TI ANNOTATION OF PROTEIN-CODING GENES IN FUNGAL GENOMES SO APPLIED AND COMPUTATIONAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Fungi; Genome Annotation; Gene Recognition; Annotation Pipelines ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PREDICTION PROGRAMS; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENTS; YEAST; COMPLEXES; ELEMENTS; INTRONS; DNA AB We describe the annotation process for fungal genome sequencing projects, with special emphasis on protein-coding genes. The characteristics of gene structures in various fungal phyla and strength and weaknesses of the available gene prediction programs are discussed. The automated pipelines used for annotation of fungal genomes at various large-scale sequencing centers are also reviewed. C1 [Martinez, Diego; Grigoriev, Igor; Salamov, Asaf] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Martinez, D (reprint author), DOE Joint Genome Inst, 2800 Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Los Alamos National Laboratory [W-7405-ENG-36] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-ENG-36. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU MINISTRY COMMUNICATIONS & HIGH TECHNOLOGIES REPUBLIC AZERBAIJAN PI BAKU PA BAKU STATE UNIV, INST APPLIED MATHEMATICS, Z KHALILOV STR 23, BAKU, AZ 1148, AZERBAIJAN SN 1683-3511 EI 1683-6154 J9 APPL COMPUT MATH-BAK JI Appl. Comput. Math. PY 2010 VL 9 SI SI BP 56 EP 65 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 597DA UT WOS:000277735000005 ER PT J AU Brown, CF Serne, RJ Catalano, JG Krupka, KM Icenhower, JP AF Brown, Christopher F. Serne, R. Jeffrey Catalano, Jeffrey G. Krupka, Kenneth M. Icenhower, Jonathan P. TI Mineralization of contaminant uranium and leach rates in sediments from Hanford, Washington SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VADOSE ZONE SEDIMENTS; SITE; SPECIATION; SPECTROSCOPY; COMPLEXES; HEMATITE; EXAFS; DEPTH AB Five U-contaminated sediment samples collected near nuclear waste storage and processing facilities at Hanford, Washington, were subjected to characterization and leach tests. Discrete U-bearing particles and U-rich areas were identified using SEM analysis, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy revealed that the U-bearing phases contained U, Si, Ca, and Fe. The presence of Al in the spectra was consistent with the observation of complex intergrowths between U-bearing and aluminosilicate solids. Analysis of U-rich regions by XANES spectroscopy showed that all the U was present as the uranyl cation (UO(2)(2+)). EXAFS spectroscopy indicated the presence of adsorbed uranyl and uranyl silicate precipitates. Flow-through column leach tests revealed that U release from the contaminated sediments was non-linear and U solution concentrations failed to reach steady-state conditions. In sum, the data are in accord with a model of U mineralization caused by precipitation in geochemically-isolated pore spaces. Further, the release of U from these sediments is limited by very slow dissolution kinetics of uranyl phases coupled with slow transport of uranyl from the site of removal to bulk pore solution. The data reported in this investigation call into question the efficacy of using equilibrium-based K(d) models to describe the behavior of U in oxidizing environments. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brown, Christopher F.; Serne, R. Jeffrey; Krupka, Kenneth M.; Icenhower, Jonathan P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Catalano, Jeffrey G.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Catalano, Jeffrey G.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Brown, CF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN P7-22, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM christopher.brown@pnl.gov RI Icenhower, Jonathan/E-8523-2011; Catalano, Jeffrey/A-8322-2013 OI Catalano, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9311-977X FU Bechtel Hanford, Inc., (Richland, WA); DOE-EMSP [FG07-ER0263495]; DOE [DE AC05 76RL01830]; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences and Office of Biological and Environmental Research; National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources FX The authors acknowledge Bechtel Hanford, Inc., (Richland, WA) for providing funding for this research. Additionally, part of this research was supported by DOE-EMSP Grant FG07-ER0263495 (JGC). Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE AC05 76RL01830. Portions of this research were conducted at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL). SSRL is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences and Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.10.005 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 547XM UT WOS:000273923200009 ER PT J AU Kucharik, M Wendroff, B AF Kucharik, Milan Wendroff, Burton TI Multidimensional first and second order symmetric Strang splitting for hyperbolic systems SO APPLIED NUMERICAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Multidimensional hyperbolic systems; Lax-Friedrichs; Lax-Wendroff; Symmetric splitting; Optimal stability ID DIFFERENCE-SCHEMES; CONSERVATION-LAWS AB We propose an algebraic basis for symmetric Strang splitting for first and second order accurate schemes for hyperbolic systems in N dimensions. Examples are given for two and three dimensions. Optimal stability is shown for symmetric systems. Lack of strong stability is shown for a non-symmetric example. Some numerical examples are presented for some Euler-like constant coefficient problems. (C) 2009 IMACS. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kucharik, Milan; Wendroff, Burton] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kucharik, Milan] Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn, CR-11519 Prague 1, Czech Republic. RP Kucharik, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-5,MS-B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kucharik@lanl.gov; bbw@lanl.gov FU US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; DOE Advance Simulation and Computing (ASC) Program; DOE Office of Science ASCR Program; Laboratory Directed Research and Development program (LDRD); Czech Ministry of Education [6840770022] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. The authors acknowledge the partial support of the DOE Advance Simulation and Computing (ASC) Program and the DOE Office of Science ASCR Program, and the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program (LDRD) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. M. Kucharik has been supported in part by the Czech Ministry of Education grant MSM 6840770022. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9274 EI 1873-5460 J9 APPL NUMER MATH JI Appl. Numer. Math. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 60 IS 1-2 BP 74 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.apnum.2009.09.007 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 531VA UT WOS:000272696600007 ER PT J AU Kawamura, Y Shimizu, Y Oshikawa, H Uematsu, M Haller, EE Itoh, KM AF Kawamura, Yoko Shimizu, Yasuo Oshikawa, Hiroyuki Uematsu, Masashi Haller, Eugene E. Itoh, Kohei M. TI Critical Displacement of Host-Atoms for Amorphization in Germanium Induced by Arsenic Implantation SO APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPE SUPERLATTICES; DOPANT DIFFUSION; SILICON; KINETICS; MOSFETS; DAMAGE AB We evaluated quantitatively the germanium (Ge) displacement induced by arsenic (As) implantation as a function of the depth from the sample surface both in the amorphous and single-crystalline regions using (70)Ge/(nat)Ge isotope superlattices (SLs). The profiles of (74)Ge in the Ge isotope SLs were measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry and the sample structure along the depth was observed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. The critical Ge displacement for amorphization induced by As implantation is found to be 0.75 nm, which is independent of the implantation doses. This value is 50% larger than 0.5 nm for Si. (C) 2010 The Japan Society of Applied Physics C1 [Kawamura, Yoko; Shimizu, Yasuo; Oshikawa, Hiroyuki; Uematsu, Masashi; Itoh, Kohei M.] Keio Univ, Sch Fundamental Sci & Technol, Kohoku Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. [Haller, Eugene E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kawamura, Y (reprint author), Keio Univ, Sch Fundamental Sci & Technol, Kohoku Ku, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. EM yoko@a5.keio.jp RI Shimizu, Yasuo/A-8116-2011; Itoh, Kohei/C-5738-2014 OI Shimizu, Yasuo/0000-0002-6844-8165; FU Japan Science and Technology Agency; Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Science and Technology; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan FX We gratefully acknowledge Professor W. Vandervorst, Y. Ohji, H. Ito, H. Ishikawa, S. Ito, and T. Handa for fruitful discussions. This work has been supported in part by the Research Program on Collaborative Development of Innovative Seeds by Japan Science and Technology Agency, Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Science and Technology, and a Grant-in-Aid for the Keio Global Center of Excellence for High-Level Global Cooperation for Leading-Edge Platform on Access Spaces from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN SOC APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1882-0778 J9 APPL PHYS EXPRESS JI Appl. Phys. Express PY 2010 VL 3 IS 7 AR 071303 DI 10.1143/APEX.3.071303 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 631YB UT WOS:000280385500006 ER PT J AU Wee, SH Goyal, A Zuev, YL Cantoni, C Selvamanickam, V Specht, ED AF Wee, Sung Hun Goyal, Amit Zuev, Yuri L. Cantoni, Claudia Selvamanickam, V. Specht, Eliot D. TI Formation of Self-Assembled, Double-Perovskite, Ba2YNbO6 Nanocolumns and Their Contribution to Flux-Pinning and J(c) in Nb-Doped YBa2Cu3O7-delta Films SO APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTOR; NANODOTS AB Ba2RENbO6 (RE = rare earth elements including Y) compounds are considered new additives for superior flux-pinning in YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) films due to their excellent chemical inertness to and large lattice mismatches with YBCO. Simultaneous laser ablation of a YBCO target and a Nb metal foil attached to the surface of the target resulted in epitaxial growth of YBCO films having columnar defects comprised of self-aligned Ba2YNbO6 (BYNO) nanorods parallel to the c-axis of the film. Compared to pure YBCO, YBCO+BYNO films exhibited no T-c reduction as well as superior J(c) performance with higher self-and in-field J(c) by a factor of 1.5-7 and also exhibited a strong J(c) peak for H parallel to c indicative of strong c-axis correlated flux-pinning. (C) 2010 The Japan Society of Applied Physics DOI: 10.1143/APEX.3.023101 C1 [Wee, Sung Hun; Goyal, Amit; Zuev, Yuri L.; Cantoni, Claudia; Specht, Eliot D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wee, Sung Hun] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Zuev, Yuri L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Selvamanickam, V.] Univ Houston, Dept Mech Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Wee, SH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009; Cantoni, Claudia/G-3031-2013 OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163; Cantoni, Claudia/0000-0002-9731-2021 FU U.S. DOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability-Advanced Cables and Conductors with UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. Department of Energy FX We would like to thank SuperPower Inc. for providing the Hastelloy substrates with the multilayer configuration of IBAD MgO layer/Homoepitaxial MgO layer/Epitaxial LaMnO3. This research was sponsored by the U.S. DOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability-Advanced Cables and Conductors under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC managing contractor for Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 20 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 16 PU JAPAN SOC APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1882-0778 J9 APPL PHYS EXPRESS JI Appl. Phys. Express PY 2010 VL 3 IS 2 AR 023101 DI 10.1143/APEX.3.023101 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 569PV UT WOS:000275611000014 ER PT J AU Kanfer, R Wolf, MB Kantrowitz, TM Ackerman, PL AF Kanfer, Ruth Wolf, Mark B. Kantrowitz, Tracy M. Ackerman, Phillip L. TI Ability and Trait Complex Predictors of Academic and Job Performance: A Person-Situation Approach SO APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE LA English DT Article ID ASSESSING INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; ADULT INTELLIGENCE; SELECTION METHODS; WORK MOTIVATION; SELF-CONCEPT; VALIDITY; KNOWLEDGE; DETERMINANTS; METAANALYSIS; INTERESTS AB A battery of cognitive ability, knowledge, and non-ability measures were administered to 105 college students enrolled in a cooperative school-work program and used to predict academic and job performance. Composite scores for each domain were derived from factor analyses of 11 measures of verbal, numerical, and spatial abilities, four measures of domain knowledge, and 27 measures of personality and motivational traits, vocational interests, and self-assessments. Both ability and non-ability trait composites were significant predictors of academic performance, but only the non-ability trait composites predicted job performance. Implications for the integrative assessment of individual differences and their predictive validities for performance in different active work contexts, as well as the importance of trait composites across contexts, are discussed. C1 [Kanfer, Ruth] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wolf, Mark B.] Georgia Inst Technol, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Kanfer, R (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Psychol, Rm 226,JS Coon Bldg,654 Cherry St,MC 0170, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM rk64@prism.gatech.edu NR 70 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-994X J9 APPL PSYCHOL-INT REV JI Appl. Psychol.-Int. Rev.-Psychol. Appl.-Rev. Int. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 59 IS 1 SI SI BP 40 EP 69 DI 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2009.00415.x PG 30 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 545FX UT WOS:000273719000003 ER PT J AU Zhang, GH Wu, H Zhang, JG Liu, JM Yin, YX Chen, JX Gledenov, YM Sedysheva, MV Khuukhenkhuu, G Koehler, PE Szalanski, PJ AF Zhang, Guohui Wu, Hao Zhang, Jiaguo Liu, Jiaming Yin, Yuxiang Chen, Jinxiang Gledenov, Yu. M. Sedysheva, M. V. Khuukhenkhuu, G. Koehler, P. E. Szalanski, P. J. TI Cross section measurement for the Mo-95(n, alpha)Zr-92 reaction at 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 MeV SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Mo-95; (n alpha) reaction; Cross section; Gridded ionization chamber AB Measurements of cross sections of the 95Mo(n, alpha)Zr-92 reaction at E-n=4.0. 5.0 and 6.0 MeV were carried out at the 4.5 MV Van de Graaff of Peking University, China. A twin gridded ionization chamber and two large-area Mo-95 samples were adopted. Fast neutrons were produced through the D(d, n)He-3 reaction by using a deuterium gas target. A small U-238 fission chamber was employed for absolute neutron flux determination. Present data are compared with existing evaluations and measurement. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Guohui; Wu, Hao; Zhang, Jiaguo; Liu, Jiaming; Yin, Yuxiang; Chen, Jinxiang] Peking Univ, State Key Lab Nucl Phys & Technol, Inst Heavy Ion Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Gledenov, Yu. M.; Sedysheva, M. V.] JINR, Frank Lab Neutron Phys, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Khuukhenkhuu, G.] Natl Univ Mongolia, Nucl Res Ctr, Ulaanbaatar, Mongol Peo Rep. [Koehler, P. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Szalanski, P. J.] Univ Lodz, Inst Phys, Lodz, Poland. RP Zhang, GH (reprint author), Peking Univ, State Key Lab Nucl Phys & Technol, Inst Heavy Ion Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM guohuizhang@pku.edu.cn RI Szalanski, Pawel/F-9428-2011 OI Szalanski, Pawel/0000-0002-2047-7792 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [10875006, 10811120014]; China nuclear Data Center; Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR-NSFC) [07-02-92104] FX This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10875006, 10811120014), China nuclear Data Center and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR-NSFC 07-02-92104). The authors are indebted to Prof. Jianyong Wang, Ms. Jianhua Gong and Mr. Xiangjun Yang for their kind help in operating the 4.5 MV Van de Graaff accelerator of Peking University. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 68 IS 1 BP 180 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.09.013 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 580BQ UT WOS:000276422300031 PM 19811925 ER PT J AU Meyer, KA Ng, KC Gu, ZJ Pan, ZW Whitten, WB Shaw, RW AF Meyer, Kent A. Ng, Kin C. Gu, Zhanjun Pan, Zhengwei Whitten, William B. Shaw, Robert W. TI Combined Apertureless Near-Field Optical Second-Harmonic Generation/Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging and Nanoscale Limit of Detection SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Apertureless; Near-field; NSOM; Second-harmonic generation; SHG; Tip enhancement; Nonlinear; Zinc oxide; Nanowire; Nanorod; Surface; Degradation; Passivation; Carbonate ID ZINC-OXIDE NANOWIRES AB A dual function atomic force/near-field scanning optical microscope (AFM/NSOM) with an ultrafast laser excitation source was used to investigate apertureless, tip enhanced second-harmonic generation (SHG) of ZnO nanowires with spatial resolution below the optical diffraction limit. Single-wire SHG spectra show little to no contribution from bandgap or other emission. Polarization data established values for chi(33)/chi(31) close to previous estimates and confirm the SHG process. Experimental results indicate that the SHG signal was reduced for nanowires after exposure to an atmosphere of carbon dioxide and water vapor. An equation was derived for estimating the minimum chi((2)) detectable using apertureless SHG NSOM. C1 [Meyer, Kent A.; Whitten, William B.; Shaw, Robert W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ng, Kin C.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Chem, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Gu, Zhanjun; Pan, Zhengwei] Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Gu, Zhanjun; Pan, Zhengwei] Univ Georgia, Fac Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Shaw, RW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM shawrw@ornl.gov RI Gu, Zhanjun/A-7592-2013; OI Gu, Zhanjun/0000-0003-3717-2423; Pan, Zhengwei/0000-0002-3854-958X FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; University of Georgia Research Foundation; U.S. Office of Naval Research [N004315578] FX This research was supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. Additional support (ZJP, ZWP) was received from the University of Georgia Research Foundation, and the U.S. Office of Naval Research (under contract No. N004315578). We thank Lawrence Allard and Kevin Shuford for helpful discussions. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 21 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 64 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 543CV UT WOS:000273548500002 PM 20132588 ER PT J AU Sadeghi, B Bergmann, U AF Sadeghi, Behnam Bergmann, Uwe TI The Codex of a Companion of the Prophet and the Quran of the Prophet SO ARABICA LA English DT Article DE Qur'an; Prophet Muhammad; Utman; Ibn Mas'ud; Islamic origins; palimpsest AB The essay discusses a manuscript of the Quran dating from the first half of the seventh century AD. The text does not belong to the. Utmanic textual tradition, making this the only known manuscript of a non-.Utmanic text type. The essay compares this text type with those of the. Utmanic and other Companion textual traditions in order to shed light on the Prophetic prototype. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, SSRL, Stanford, CA USA. NR 81 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0570-5398 J9 ARABICA JI Arabica PY 2010 VL 57 IS 4 BP 343 EP 436 DI 10.1163/157005810X504518 PG 94 WC History; Religion SC History; Religion GA V29OH UT WOS:000208757200001 ER PT J AU Spring, S Scheuner, C Lapidus, A Lucas, S Del Rio, TG Tice, H Copeland, A Cheng, JF Chen, F Nolan, M Saunders, E Pitluck, S Liolios, K Ivanova, N Mavromatis, K Lykidis, A Pati, A Chen, A Palaniappan, K Land, M Hauser, L Chang, YJ Jeffries, CD Goodwin, L Detter, JC Brettin, T Rohde, M Goker, M Woyke, T Bristow, J Eisen, JA Markowitz, V Hugenholtz, P Kyrpides, NC Klenk, HP AF Spring, Stefan Scheuner, Carmen Lapidus, Alla Lucas, Susan Del Rio, Tijana Glavina Tice, Hope Copeland, Alex Cheng, Jan-Fang Chen, Feng Nolan, Matt Saunders, Elizabeth Pitluck, Sam Liolios, Konstantinos Ivanova, Natalia Mavromatis, Konstantinos Lykidis, Athanasios Pati, Amrita Chen, Amy Palaniappan, Krishna Land, Miriam Hauser, Loren Chang, Yun-Juan Jeffries, Cynthia D. Goodwin, Lynne Detter, John C. Brettin, Thomas Rohde, Manfred Goeker, Markus Woyke, Tanja Bristow, Jim Eisen, Jonathan A. Markowitz, Victor Hugenholtz, Philip Kyrpides, Nikos C. Klenk, Hans-Peter TI The Genome Sequence of Methanohalophilus mahii SLPT Reveals Differences in the Energy Metabolism among Members of the Methanosarcinaceae Inhabiting Freshwater and Saline Environments SO ARCHAEA-AN INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; BOUND ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; ACETYL-BETA-LYSINE; SP-NOV; METHANOCOCCOIDES-EUHALOBIUS; HALOPHILIC METHANOGEN; METHANOLOBUS-SICILIAE; COMPONENT PARTS; MICROBIAL MAT; ARCHAEA AB Methanohalophilus mahii is the type species of the genus Methanohalophilus, which currently comprises three distinct species with validly published names. Mhp. mahii represents moderately halophilic methanogenic archaea with a strictly methylotrophic metabolism. The type strain SLPT was isolated from hypersaline sediments collected from the southern arm of Great Salt Lake, Utah. Here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome sequence and annotation. The 2,012,424 bp genome is a single replicon with 2032 protein-coding and 63 RNA genes and part of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea project. A comparison of the reconstructed energy metabolism in the halophilic species Mhp. mahii with other representatives of the Methanosarcinaceae reveals some interesting differences to freshwater species. C1 [Spring, Stefan; Scheuner, Carmen; Goeker, Markus; Klenk, Hans-Peter] DSMZ German Collect Microorganisms & Cell Culture, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. [Lapidus, Alla; Lucas, Susan; Del Rio, Tijana Glavina; Tice, Hope; Copeland, Alex; Cheng, Jan-Fang; Chen, Feng; Nolan, Matt; Saunders, Elizabeth; Pitluck, Sam; Liolios, Konstantinos; Ivanova, Natalia; Mavromatis, Konstantinos; Lykidis, Athanasios; Pati, Amrita; Land, Miriam; Hauser, Loren; Chang, Yun-Juan; Jeffries, Cynthia D.; Goodwin, Lynne; Woyke, Tanja; Bristow, Jim; Eisen, Jonathan A.; Hugenholtz, Philip; Kyrpides, Nikos C.] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Saunders, Elizabeth; Goodwin, Lynne; Detter, John C.; Brettin, Thomas] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chen, Amy; Palaniappan, Krishna; Markowitz, Victor] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Biol Data Management & Technol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Land, Miriam; Hauser, Loren; Chang, Yun-Juan; Jeffries, Cynthia D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Rohde, Manfred] HZI Helmholtz Ctr Infect Res, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. [Eisen, Jonathan A.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis Genome Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Spring, S (reprint author), DSMZ German Collect Microorganisms & Cell Culture, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. EM ssp@dsmz.de; hpk@dsmz.de RI Hugenholtz, Philip/G-9608-2011; Hauser, Loren/H-3881-2012; Lapidus, Alla/I-4348-2013; Land, Miriam/A-6200-2011; Kyrpides, Nikos/A-6305-2014; Spring, Stefan/N-6933-2013 OI Eisen, Jonathan A./0000-0002-0159-2197; Lapidus, Alla/0000-0003-0427-8731; Land, Miriam/0000-0001-7102-0031; Kyrpides, Nikos/0000-0002-6131-0462; Spring, Stefan/0000-0001-6247-0938 FU US Department of Energy's Office of Science; University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06NA25396]; UT-Battelle and Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; German Research Foundation (DFG) [INST 599/1-2] FX The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the help of Maren Schroder for growing Mhp. mahii cells and Susanne Schneider for DNA extraction and quality control (both at DSMZ). This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, and by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC52-07NA27344, and Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC02-06NA25396, UT-Battelle and Oak Ridge National Laboratory under Contract no. DE-AC05-00OR22725. German Research Foundation (DFG) supported DSMZ under INST 599/1-2. NR 73 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 20 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1472-3646 J9 ARCHAEA JI Archaea PY 2010 AR 690737 DI 10.1155/2010/690737 PG 16 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 740JX UT WOS:000288790400001 ER PT J AU Heber, EM Hughes, AM Pozzi, ECC Itoiz, ME Aromando, RF Molinari, AJ Garabalino, MA Nigg, DW Trivillin, VA Schwint, AE AF Heber, Elisa M. Monti Hughes, Andrea Pozzi, Emiliano C. C. Itoiz, Maria E. Aromando, Romina F. Molinari, Ana J. Garabalino, Marcela A. Nigg, David W. Trivillin, Veronica A. Schwint, Amanda E. TI Development of a model of tissue with potentially malignant disorders (PMD) in the hamster cheek pouch to explore the long-term potential therapeutic and/or toxic effects of different therapeutic modalities SO ARCHIVES OF ORAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Potentially malignant disorders; PMD; Hamster cheek pouch; Carcinogenesis protocols; Long-term follow-up ID NEUTRON-CAPTURE THERAPY; SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; ORAL-CANCER MODEL; CARCINOGENESIS MODEL; FIELD CANCERIZATION; EXPRESSION; HEAD; BNCT; NECK; P53 AB Objective: Given that locoregional recurrences developing from a tissue with potentially malignant disorders (PMD) in oral mucosa are a frequent cause of therapeutic failure, and that tissue with PMD is dose-limiting, the aim of the present study was to develop a model of tissue with PMD to evaluate the long-term therapeutic/toxic effects of different therapeutic modalities. Materials and methods: We evaluated 5 carcinogenesis protocols based on topical application of the carcinogen dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene in the hamster cheek pouch, twice a week for 4, 6, 7, and 8 weeks and the classical 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Results: Long-term follow-up (8 months after protocol completion) was only possible with the 4- and 6-week carcinogenesis protocols. Tumour development increased progressively with time and aggressiveness of the carcinogenesis protocols. The time at which tumours developed in >90% of the animals was at protocol completion (TO) for the 12-week protocol, 1 month post-TO for the 8-week protocol, 3 months post-TO for the 7-week protocol and 4 months post-TO for the 6-week protocol. <40% of the animals in the 4-week protocol developed tumours within the 8 months follow-up period. DNA synthesis rose as a function of time and protocol aggressiveness. Conclusions: The 6-week carcinogenesis protocol was selected for long-term studies of different therapeutic modalities in tissue with PMD because it permitted long-term follow-up and guaranteed tumour development in >90% of the animals. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Heber, Elisa M.; Monti Hughes, Andrea; Pozzi, Emiliano C. C.; Itoiz, Maria E.; Molinari, Ana J.; Garabalino, Marcela A.; Trivillin, Veronica A.; Schwint, Amanda E.] Natl Atom Energy Commiss, Dept Radiobiol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Itoiz, Maria E.; Aromando, Romina F.] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Dent, Dept Oral Pathol, RA-1122 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Nigg, David W.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Schwint, AE (reprint author), Natl Atom Energy Commiss, Dept Radiobiol, Av Gen Paz 1499,B1650KNA San Martin, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM schwint@cnea.gov.ar OI Schwint, Amanda Elena/0000-0001-6727-3669 FU Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica, Argentina [PICT2006-00700] FX This work was partially supported by a grant from Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica of Argentina.; AMH, MEI, VAT and AES are members of the National Research Council (CONICET).; Funding: Grant of Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica, Argentina (PICT2006-00700). NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0003-9969 EI 1879-1506 J9 ARCH ORAL BIOL JI Arch. Oral Biol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 55 IS 1 BP 46 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.10.010 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 556EE UT WOS:000274571300008 PM 19945092 ER PT S AU Patton, RM Potok, TE AF Patton, Robert M. Potok, Thomas E. BE Rutkowski, L Scherer, R Tadeusiewicz, R Zadeh, LA Zurada, JM TI Discovering Potential Precursors of Mammography Abnormalities Based on Textual Features, Frequencies, and Sequences SO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND SOFT COMPUTING, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing (ICAISC 2010) CY JUN 13-17, 2010 CL Zakopane, POLAND SP Polish Neural Network Soc, Acad Management, Czestochowa Univ Technol, Dept Comp Engn, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc, Poland Chapter AB Diagnosing breast cancer from mammography reports is heavily dependant on the time sequences of the patient visits. In the work described; we take a longitudinal view of the text of a patient's mammogram reports to explore the existence of certain phrase patterns that indicate future abnormalities may exist for the patient. Our approach uses various text analysis techniques combined with Haar wavelets for the discovery and analysis of such precursor phrase patterns. We believe the results show significant promise for the early detection of breast cancer and other breast abnormalities. C1 [Patton, Robert M.; Potok, Thomas E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Patton, RM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM pattonrm@ornl.gov; potokte@ornl.gov OI Potok, Thomas/0000-0001-6687-3435; Patton, Robert/0000-0002-8101-0571 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-13207-0 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2010 VL 6113 BP 657 EP 664 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQR35 UT WOS:000281606000082 ER PT S AU Rohrer, B AF Rohrer, Brandon BE Baum, E Hutter, M Kitzelmann, E TI What we might look for in an AGI benchmark SO ARTRIFICIAL GENERAL INTELLIGENCE, AGI 2010 SE Advances in Intelligent Systems Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Artificial General Ingelligence, AGI 2010 CY MAR 05-08, 2010 CL Lugano, SWITZERLAND SP Assoc Advancement Artificial Intelligence, KurzweilAI net, Univ Lugano, Fac Informat AB A benchmark in the field of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) would allow evaluation and comparison of the many computational intelligence algorithms that have been developed. In this paper I propose that an ideal benchmark would possess seven key characteristics: fitness, breadth, specificity, low cost, simplicity, range, and task focus. C1 [Rohrer, Brandon] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rohrer, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories; Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ATLANTIS PRESS PI PARIS PA 29 AVENUE LAVMIERE, PARIS, 75019, FRANCE SN 1951-6851 BN 978-90-78677-36-9 J9 ADV INTEL SYS RES PY 2010 VL 10 BP 133 EP 138 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BG8BG UT WOS:000392160600023 ER PT J AU Wiggins, M Dieckmann, J Brodrick, J AF Wiggins, Matthew Dieckmann, John Brodrick, James TI Solid-State Lighting, Part 1: Technology SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Wiggins, Matthew; Dieckmann, John] TIAX LLC, Cambridge, MA USA. [Brodrick, James] US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Wiggins, M (reprint author), TIAX LLC, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 52 IS 1 BP 64 EP 66 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 572DY UT WOS:000275808700014 ER PT S AU Shrestha, SS Maxwell, GM AF Shrestha, Som S. Maxwell, Gregory M. GP ASHRAE TI An Experimental Evaluation of HVAC-Grade Carbon-Dioxide Sensors-Part 2: Performance Test Results SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2010, VOL 116, PT 1 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASHRAE Winter Conference CY JAN 23-27, 2010 CL Orlando, FL AB This is the second paper in a four-part series reporting on the test and evaluation of typical carbon-dioxide sensors used in building HVAC applications. Fifteen models of NDIR HVAC-grade CO(2) sensors were tested and evaluated to determine the accuracy, linearity, repeatability, and hysteresis of each sensor This paper describes the performance of the sensors and provides a comparison with the manufacturers' specifications. The sensors were tested at 40% relative humidity, 73 degrees F (22.8 degrees C) temperature, 14.70 psia (101.35 kPa) pressure, and at five different CO(2) concentrations (400, 750, 1100, 1450, and 1800 ppm). The test results showed a wide variation in sensor performance among the various manufacturers and in some cases a wide variation among sensors of the same model. In all, 45 sensors were evaluated: three from each of the 15 models. Among the 15 models tested, eight models have a single-lamp, single-wavelength configuration, four models have a dual-lamp, single-wavelength configuration, and three models have a single-lamp, dual-wavelength configuration. C1 [Shrestha, Som S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Shrestha, SS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. OI Shrestha, Som/0000-0001-8399-3797 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2010 VL 116 BP 260 EP 270 PN 1 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BTQ48 UT WOS:000287777000028 ER PT S AU Shrestha, SS Maxwell, GM AF Shrestha, Som S. Maxwell, Gregory M. GP ASHRAE TI An Experimental Evaluation of HVAC-Grade Carbon-Dioxide Sensors-Part 3: Humidity, Temperature, and Pressure Sensitivity Test Results SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2010, VOL 116, PT 1 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASHRAE Winter Conference CY JAN 23-27, 2010 CL Orlando, FL AB This is the third paper in a four-part series reporting on the test and evaluation of typical carbon-dioxide sensors used in building HVAC applications. Fifteen models of NDIR HVAC-grade CO(2) sensors were tested and evaluated to determine the humidity, temperature, and pressure sensitivity of the sensors. This paper reports the performance of the sensors at various relative humidity, temperature, and pressure levels common to building HVAC applications and provides a comparison with manufacturer specifications. Among the 15 models tested, eight models have a single-lamp, single-wavelength configuration, four models have a dual-lamp, single-wavelength configuration, and three models have a single-lamp, dual-wavelength configuration. The sensors were tested in a chamber specifically fabricated for this research. A description of the apparatus and the method of test are described in Part 1 (Shrestha and Maxwell 2009). The test result showed a wide variation in humidity, temperature, and pressure sensitivity of CO(2) sensors among manufacturers. In some cases, significant variations in sensor performance exist between sensors of the same model. Even the natural variation in relative humidity could significantly vary readings of some CO(2) sensor readings. The effects of temperature and pressure variation on NDIR CO(2) sensors are unavoidable without an algorithm to compensate for the changes. For the range of temperature and pressure variation in an air-conditioned space, the effect of pressure variation is more significant compared to the effect of temperature variation. C1 [Shrestha, Som S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Shrestha, SS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. OI Shrestha, Som/0000-0001-8399-3797 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2010 VL 116 BP 271 EP 283 PN 1 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BTQ48 UT WOS:000287777000029 ER PT S AU Karagiozis, A Derome, D Carmeliet, J Desjarlais, A AF Karagiozis, Achilles Derome, Dominique Carmeliet, Jan Desjarlais, Andre GP ASHRAE TI Modeling the Hygrothermal Behavior of Field-Tested Walls Exposed to South Carolina Conditions SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2010, VOL 116, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASHRAE Transactions 2010 Annual Conference CY JUN 26-30, 2010 CL Albuquerque, NM AB This ASHRAE project looked at the nature, significance and control of solar-driven vapor diffusion in wall systems. The project combined experimental and simulation work to provide an in-depth characterization of the phenomena occurring during inwards vapor diffusion in insulated wall assemblies. This paper presents the modeling of the results of a field study that was performed over a period of 2 years and where possible occurrence of solar driven diffusion was documented for different wall assemblies. The specifics of the modeling such walls under climatic conditions are presented and discussed. The verification of the modeling results against the field testing results once more demonstrated the importance of obtaining the complete description of the wall systems, along with any degradation that occurred during the test period. Excellent agreement was found for the wall case when accurate material properties and description of wall systems was available. It is important to use material property data of the specific wall system during the validation phase of the hygrothermal modeling. C1 [Karagiozis, Achilles; Desjarlais, Andre] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Technol Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Karagiozis, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Technol Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2010 VL 116 BP 424 EP 434 PN 2 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BTY96 UT WOS:000288475800045 ER PT S AU Deru, M AF Deru, Michael GP ASHRAE TI Moving Toward Better GHG Calculations for Buildings SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2010, VOL 116, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASHRAE Transactions 2010 Annual Conference CY JUN 26-30, 2010 CL Albuquerque, NM ID EMISSIONS AB Buildings are responsible for approximately 40% of the primary energy use and 36% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the U.S. As we move toward reducing GHG emissions, we need reliable methods for estimating emissions and emission reductions. GHG emissions come from all life cycle stages of a building; however, this paper focuses on those associated with energy used in the building. Many data sources and tools are available for calculating the GHG emissions from building activities, but they have different assumptions, different data sources, different system boundaries, and there are no agreed-upon standards. Therefore, results of GHG emission calculations are neither consistent nor comparable. They often do not include the full life cycle of the energy and fuels and do not account for the regional and temporal variations in power generation and emissions. Temporal variations become important as load-shifting technologies and renewable energy generation are added to buildings. This paper presents the issues associated with estimating buildings-related GHG emissions and estimates the impacts of each issue. Recent and planned projects will provide more detailed regional and hourly data, but there are still many uncertainties and more work to do to develop accurate, easy-to-use tools. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Bldg & Thermal Syst, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Deru, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Bldg & Thermal Syst, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2010 VL 116 BP 652 EP 661 PN 2 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BTY96 UT WOS:000288475800063 ER PT B AU Ekoto, IW Aronsson, U Park, SW Coban, WF Andersson, O Foster, DE Miles, PC Reitz, RD AF Ekoto, Isaac W. Aronsson, Ulf Park, Sung Wook Coban, William F. Andersson, Oivind Foster, David E. Miles, Paul C. Reitz, Rolf D. GP ASME TI UHC AND CO EMISSIONS SOURCES FROM A LIGHT-DUTY DIESEL ENGINE UNDERGOING LATE-INJECTION LOW-TEMPERATURE COMBUSTION SO ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE 2009, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal-Combustion-Engine-Division Fall Technical Conference CY SEP 27-30, 2009 CL Lucerne, SWITZERLAND SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div ID GASES AB Low load carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions sources are examined in an optically accessible, light-duty diesel engine employing a late-injection, low-temperature combustion strategy. The study focus is to identify the cause of the rapid degradation in emissions and efficiency as injection timing is retarded. The in-cylinder progression of mixing and combustion processes is examined through ultraviolet planar laser-induced fluorescence (UV PLIF) imaging of hydrocarbon spatial distributions. Spectrally-resolved, deep-UV LIF measurements are also used to construct late-cycle spatial distributions of CO, C(2), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons within the clearance volume. Engine-out emissions measurements and numerical results from both detailed chemistry homogeneous reactor and multidimensional simulations complement the measurements. The measured spatial distributions show that while most fuel accumulates on the bowl-pip during high-temperature heat-release, much of it is transported into the squish-volume by the reverse squish flow. Homogeneous reactor simulations further show that expansion cooling quenches reactions, preventing the transition to high-temperature heat-release for mixtures with an equivalence ratio below 0.6. Lean squish-volume mixtures, coupled with wall heat losses, severely inhibit squish volume fuel oxidation. Further retarding injection timing exacerbates quenching, resulting in a two-fold increase in UHC emissions and a 33% increase in CO, primarily from the squish-volume. C1 [Ekoto, Isaac W.; Coban, William F.; Miles, Paul C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Ekoto, IW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4363-5 PY 2010 BP 163 EP 172 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRL36 UT WOS:000283013000017 ER PT B AU Powell, CF Kastengren, AL Liu, Z Fezzaa, K AF Powell, C. F. Kastengren, A. L. Liu, Z. Fezzaa, K. GP ASME TI THE EFFECTS OF DIESEL INJECTOR NEEDLE MOTION ON SPRAY STRUCTURE SO ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE 2009, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal-Combustion-Engine-Division Fall Technical Conference CY SEP 27-30, 2009 CL Lucerne, SWITZERLAND SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div AB The internal structure of diesel fuel injectors is known to have a significant impact on the steady-state fuel distribution within the spray. However, little experimental or computational work has been performed on the dynamics of fuel injectors. Recent studies have shown that it is possible to measure the three-dimensional geometry of the injector nozzle, and to track changes in that geometry as the needle opens and closes in real time. This has enabled the dynamics of the injector to be compared with the dynamics of the spray, and allows CFD simulations to use realistic time-dependent flow passage geometries. In this study, x-ray phase-enhanced imaging has been used to perform time-resolved imaging of the needle seat area in several common-rail diesel injection nozzles. The fuel distributions of the sprays emitted by these injectors were also studied with fast x-ray radiography. Correlations between eccentric motions of the injector needle valve and oscillations in the fuel density as it emerges from the nozzle are examined. CFD modeling is used to interpret the effect of needle motion on fuel flow. C1 [Powell, C. F.; Kastengren, A. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Powell, CF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4363-5 PY 2010 BP 207 EP 217 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRL36 UT WOS:000283013000022 ER PT B AU Yin, SJ Dickson, TL Williams, PT Bass, BR AF Yin, Shengjun Dickson, Terry L. Williams, Paul T. Bass, B. Richard BE Segall, A TI STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR INFLUENCE COEFFICIENTS FOR EXTERNAL SURFACE FLAWS IN BOILING WATER REACTOR PRESSURE VESSELS SO ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2009, VOL 3: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB Over the service life of a nuclear power plant, the Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) may undergo many cool-down and heat-up thermal-hydraulic transients associated with, for example, scheduled refueling outages and other normal operational transients, or even possible overcooling transients. These thermal-hydraulic events can act on postulated surface flaws in BWRs and therefore impose potential risk on the structure integrity of Reactor Pressure Vessels (RPVs). Internal surface flaws are of interest for the BWRs under overcooling accidental scenarios, while external surface flaws are more vulnerable when the BWRs are subjected to heat-up transients. Stress Intensity Factor Influence Coefficient (SIFIC) databases for application to linear elastic fracture mechanics analyses of BWR pressure vessels which typically have an internal radius to wall thickness ratio (R(i)/t) between 15 and 20 were developed for external surface breaking flaws. This paper presents three types of surface flaws necessary in fracture analyses of BWRs: (1) finite-length external surface flaws with aspect ratio of 2, 6, and 10. (2) infinite-length axial external surface flaws; and (3) 360 degrees circumferential external surface flaws. These influence coefficients have been implemented and validated in the FAVOR fracture mechanics code developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Although these SIFIC databases were developed in application to RPVs subjected to thermal-hydraulic transients, they could also be applied to RPVs under other general loading conditions. C1 [Yin, Shengjun; Dickson, Terry L.; Williams, Paul T.; Bass, B. Richard] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yin, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4366-6 PY 2010 BP 241 EP 251 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRF59 UT WOS:000282619600028 ER PT B AU Nanstad, RK Brumovsky, M Callejas, RH Gillemot, F Korshunov, M Lee, BS Lucon, E Scibetta, M Minnebo, P Nilsson, KF Miura, N Onizawa, K Planman, T Server, W Burgos, B Serrano, M Viehrig, HW AF Nanstad, Randy K. Brumovsky, Milan Hernandez Callejas, Rogelio Gillemot, Ferenc Korshunov, Mikhail Lee, Bong Sang Lucon, Enrico Scibetta, Marc Minnebo, Philip Nilsson, Karl -Fredrik Miura, Naoki Onizawa, Kunio Planman, Tapio Server, William Burgos, Brian Serrano, Marta Viehrig, Hans-Werner BE Segall, A TI IAEA COORDINATED RESEARCH PROJECT ON MASTER CURVE APPROACH TO MONITOR FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF RPV STEELS: FINAL RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENTAL EXERCISE TO SUPPORT CONSTRAINT EFFECTS SO ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2009, VOL 3: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div ID CLEAVAGE FRACTURE; COMPACT SPECIMEN; TEMPERATURE; CALIBRATION; TRANSITION; PARAMETER; MODEL AB The precracked Charpy single-edge notched bend, SE(B), specimen (PCC) is the most likely specimen type to be used for determination of the reference temperature, To, with reactor pressure vessel (RPV) surveillance specimens. Unfortunately, for many RPV steels, significant differences have been observed between the To temperature for the PCC specimen and that obtained from the 25-mm thick compact specimen [ITC(T)], generally considered the standard reference specimen for To. This difference in To has often been designated a specimen bias effect, and the primary focus for explaining this effect is loss of constraint in the PCC specimen. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has developed a coordinated research project (CRP) to evaluate various issues associated with the fracture toughness Master Curve for application to light-water RPVs. Topic Area 1 of the CRP is focused on the issue of test specimen geometry effects, with emphasis on determination of To with the PCC specimen and the bias effect. Topic Area 1 has an experimental part and an analytical part. Participating organizations for the experimental part of the CRP performed fracture toughness testing of various steels, including the reference steel JRQ (A533-B-1) often used for IAEA studies, with various types of specimens under various conditions. Additionally, many of the participants took part in a round robin exercise on finite element modeling of the PCVN specimen, discussed in a separate paper. Results from fracture toughness tests are compared with regard to effects of specimen size and type on the reference temperature To. It is apparent from the results presented that the bias observed between the PCC specimen and larger specimens for Plate JRQ is not nearly as large as that obtained for Plate 13B (-11 degrees C vs -37 degrees C) and for some of the results in the literature (bias values as much as -45 degrees C). This observation is consistent with observations in the literature that show significant variations in the bias that are dependent on the specific materials being tested. There are various methods for constraint adjustments and two methods were used that reduced the bias for Plate 13B from -37 degrees C to - 13 degrees C in one case and to 11 degrees C in the second case. Unfortunately, there is not a consensus methodology available that accounts for the differences observed with different materials. Increasing the M(lim) value in the ASTM E-1921 to ensure no loss of constraint for the PCC specimen is not a practicable solution because the PCC specimen is derived from CVN specimens in RPV surveillance capsules and larger specimens are normally not available. Resolution of these differences are needed for application of the master curve procedure to operating RPVs, but the research needed for such resolution is beyond the scope of this CRP. C1 [Nanstad, Randy K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nanstad, RK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Scibetta, Marc/0000-0002-1600-4896; Lucon, Enrico/0000-0002-3021-4785 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4366-6 PY 2010 BP 573 EP 585 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRF59 UT WOS:000282619600066 ER PT B AU Smith, AC AF Smith, Allen C. BE Feldman, MR TI Radiation Heat Transfer Environment in Fire and Furnace Tests of Radioactive Materials Packages SO ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB The Hypothetical Accident Conditions (HAC) sequential tests of radioactive materials (RAM) packages includes a thermal test to confirm the ability of the package to withstand a transportation fire event. The test specified by the regulations (10 CFR 71) consists of a 30 minute, all engulfing, hydrocarbon fuel fire, with an average flame temperature of at least 800 degrees C. The requirements specify an average emissivity for the fire of at least 0.9, which implies an essentially black radiation environment. Alternate tests which provide equivalent total heat input at the 800 degrees C time averaged environmental temperature may also be employed. When alternate tests methods are employed, such as furnace or gaseous fuel fires, the equivalence of the radiation environment may require justification. The effects of furnace and open confinement fire environments are compared with the regulatory fire environment, including the effects of gases resulting from decomposition of package overpack materials. The results indicate that furnace tests can produce the required radiation heat transfer environment, i.e., equivalent to the postulated pool fire. An open enclosure, with transparent (low emissivity) fire does not produce an equivalent radiation environment. C1 Savannah River Nucl Solut, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Smith, AC (reprint author), Savannah River Nucl Solut, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM allen.smith@srnl.doe.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4370-3 PY 2010 BP 63 EP 71 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRF60 UT WOS:000282620000009 ER PT B AU Gupta, NK AF Gupta, Narendra K. BE Feldman, MR TI Thermal Analysis of Drum Type Radioactive Material (RAM) Packaging Arrays in Storage SO ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB Drum type packages are routinely used to transport radioactive material (RAM) in the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) complex. These packages are designed to meet the federal regulations described in 10 CFR 71.([1]) In recent years, there has been a greater need to use these packagings to store the excess fissile material, especially plutonium for long term storage. While the design requirements for safe transportation of these packagings are well defined, the requirements for safe long term storage are not well established. Since the RAM contents in the packagings produce decay heat, it is important that they are stored carefully to prevent overheating of the containment vessel (CV) seals to prevent any leakage and the impact limiter to maintain the package structural integrity. This paper analyzes different storage arrays for a typical 9977 packaging for thermal considerations and makes recommendations for their safe storage under normal operating conditions. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Gupta, NK (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM nick.gupta@srnl.doe.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4370-3 PY 2010 BP 73 EP 79 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRF60 UT WOS:000282620000010 ER PT B AU Snow, SD Morton, DK Pleins, EL Keating, R AF Snow, Spencer D. Morton, Dana K. Pleins, Edward L. Keating, Robert BE Feldman, MR TI STRAIN-BASED ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR ENERGY-LIMITED EVENTS SO ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel (B&PV) Code is primarily a stress-based acceptance criteria code. These criteria are applicable to force, displacement, and energy-controlled loadings and ensure a factor of safety against failure. However, stress-based acceptance criteria are often excessively conservative for one time energy-limited events such as accidental drops and impacts. For several years, the ASME Working Group on Design of Division 3 Containments has been developing the Design Articles for Section III, Division 3, "Containments for Transportation and Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Material and Waste," and has wanted to expand the design articles to include strain-based acceptance criteria for accidental drops of containments. The Division 3 Working Group asked the Working Group on Design Methodology (WGDM) to assist in developing strain-based acceptance criteria. This paper discusses the current proposed strain-based acceptance criteria, associated limitations of use, its background development, and the current status. C1 [Snow, Spencer D.; Morton, Dana K.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Snow, SD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Spencer.Snow@inl.gov; Dana.Morton@inl.gov; pleinsel@westinghouse.com; rkeating@mpr.com NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4370-3 PY 2010 BP 91 EP 96 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRF60 UT WOS:000282620000012 ER PT B AU Watkins, RW Hensel, SJ Jordan, JM AF Watkins, Robert W. Hensel, Stephen J. Jordan, Jeffrey M. BE Feldman, MR TI PACKAGING AND TRANSPORTATION OF NEPTUNIUM OXIDE SO ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB The Savannah River Site's FIB-Line Facility completed a campaign in which fifty (50) cans of neptunium oxide were produced and shipped to the Idaho National Laboratory in the 9975 shipping container. This shipping campaign involved the addition of neptunium oxide to the 9975 Safety Analysis Report for Packaging (SARP) as a new content and subsequently a Letter of Amendment to the SARP content table. This paper will address the proper steps which should be taken to add a new content table to the SARP. It will also address the importance of product sampling and understanding the material shipping requirements of a SARP. C1 [Watkins, Robert W.; Hensel, Stephen J.; Jordan, Jeffrey M.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Watkins, RW (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4370-3 PY 2010 BP 97 EP 99 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRF60 UT WOS:000282620000013 ER PT B AU Li, J Tam, SW Liu, YY AF Li, Jie Tam, Shiu-Wing Liu, Yung Y. BE Feldman, MR TI BURN BEHAVIOR OF A POLYURETHANE FOAM IMPACT LIMITER SO ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB We recently studied the burn behavior of a polyurethane (PU) foam-filled impact limiter a design for both the Mixed-Oxide Fresh Fuel Package and the Hanford Unirradiated Fuel Package (HUFP) that have been certified for shipment of their authorized contents by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the U.S. Department of Energy, respectively. In this paper, we examined the mechanisms of thermal degradation of PU foam by reaction type and flame temperature. Evidence suggests that, for an air-tight impact limiter, the pyrolysis reaction dominates initially in the limiter enclosure. The pyrolysis generates a large amount of highly flammable gases, creating the conditions necessary for a subsequent combustion reaction near the vent holes where air is abundant. The coupled heat release from the combustion of these flammable gases and oxygen drives the jet flames to burn at a very high temperature. The three-dimensional finite-element analysis code, ANSYS Mechanical, was used to model the HUFP package (with the PU foam-filled impact limiters) and compute the temperatures near the seal region of the containment boundary of the package. We examined the effects of various parameters including fire duration, chimney flow, foam thickness loss, and jet flame temperature on the thermal performance of the package. The results indicate that, under the simulated conditions, the O-ring seal temperature near the packaging containment boundary rose to varying degrees, but it did not exceed the seal temperature limit of 400 degrees F (204 degrees C). The remaining foam thickness is critical to maintain package safety. C1 [Li, Jie; Tam, Shiu-Wing; Liu, Yung Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4370-3 PY 2010 BP 101 EP 108 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRF60 UT WOS:000282620000014 ER PT B AU Chen, K Tsai, HC Fabian, B Liu, Y Shuler, J AF Chen, Kun Tsai, Hanchung Fabian, Bud Liu, Yung Shuler, James BE Feldman, MR TI A RADIOFREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID) TEMPERATURE-MONITORING SYSTEM FOR EXTENDED MAINTENANCE OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS PACKAGING SO ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB A temperature-monitoring system based on radiofrequency identification (RFID) has been developed for extending the maintenance period of the nuclear material packaging for storage and transportation. The system consists of tags, readers, and application software. The tag, equipped with a temperature sensor, is attached to the exterior of a package. The application software enables remote reading, via radio waves, of the temperature from the sensor in the tag. The system reports any temperature violations immediately via e-mail or text message, and/or posts the alarm on a secure website. The system can monitor thousands of packages and record individual temperature histories in a database. The first type of packaging that will benefit from the RFID technology is Model 9977, which has been certified by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to ship and store fissile materials such as plutonium and uranium. The recorded data can be correlated to the temperature of the containment O-ring seals, based on the decay heat load of the contents. Accelerated aging studies of the Viton (R) GLT O-rings have shown that temperature is one of the key parameters governing the life of the O-ring seals, which maintain the integrity of the containment boundary of the package. Use of the RFID temperature-monitoring system to verify that the surface temperature remains below a certain threshold will make it possible to extend the leak-test period of the package from one year to up to five years. The longer leak-rate testing interval will yield a cost savings of up to $10,000 per package over five years. This work was conducted by Argonne National Laboratory in support of the DOE Packaging Certification Program, Office of Environmental Management, Office of Packaging and Transportation (EM-63). C1 [Chen, Kun; Tsai, Hanchung; Fabian, Bud; Liu, Yung] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chen, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4370-3 PY 2010 BP 109 EP 115 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRF60 UT WOS:000282620000015 ER PT B AU Wu, TT AF Wu, Tsu-te BE Feldman, MR TI An Analytical Method of Determining Damage Initiation for Potential Use in Establishing Strain-Based Failure Criteria SO ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB This paper proposes a methodology for analytically determining the initiation of ductile fracture due to the nucleation, growth, and coalescence of voids. Since structural damages in the shipping packages of radioactive materials are judged to be mainly caused by ductile fracture rather than shear fracture due to shear band localization, the proposed methodology has potential use in establishing strain-based failure criteria. The proposed methodology is based on the concept that, to ensure its structural integrity, a package should be designed within the maximum load-carrying capability. The load-carrying capabilities for various states of stress can be determined from the load-displacement relationships obtained from the numerical simulations of various specimen tests. As a result, the maximum equivalent plastic strain corresponding to the maximum load-carrying capability can be expressed in terms of stress triaxiality. This paper demonstrates that it is possible to analytically determine the effective plastic strains at the damage initiation in the state of multiple stresses where the load-carrying capacity is at maximum. By considering both material and geometrical nonlinearity in the mathematical representations of structures, the maximum load-carrying capabilities can be calculated as long as the stress-strain data is given. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP Wu, TT (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. EM tsu-te.wu@srnl.doe.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4370-3 PY 2010 BP 127 EP 136 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRF60 UT WOS:000282620000017 ER PT B AU Wu, TT AF Wu, Tsu-te BE Feldman, MR TI Dynamic Analysis of Shipping Cask Subjected to Sequential Bolt Preload and Impact Loads SO ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB This paper presents an improved methodology for evaluating the dynamic responses of shipping casks subjected to the sequential HAC impact loads. The methodology utilizes the import technique of the finite-element mesh and the analytical results form one dynamic analysis using explicit numerical integration scheme into another dynamic analysis also using explicit numerical integration scheme. The new methodology presented herein has several advantages over conventional methods An example problem is analyzed to illustrate the application of the present methodology in evaluating the structural responses of a shipping cask to the sequential HAC loading. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP Wu, TT (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. EM tsu-te.wu@srnl.doe.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4370-3 PY 2010 BP 137 EP 144 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRF60 UT WOS:000282620000018 ER PT B AU Dickson, T Yin, SJ Williams, P AF Dickson, Terry Yin, Shengjun Williams, Paul BE Feldman, MR TI A GENERALIZATION OF THE FAVOR CODE TO INCLUDE BWR GEOMETRIES AND HEAT-UP TRANSIENTS SO ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE, VOL 7: OPERATIONS, APPLICATIONS AND COMPONENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB The FAVOR computer code, developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), under United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) funding, has been and continues to be extensively applied by analysts from the nuclear industry and regulators at the NRC to apply established fracture mechanics and risk-informed methodologies to assess / update regulations designed to insure that the structural integrity of aging and increasingly radiation-embrittled nuclear reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) is maintained throughout the life of the reactor. C1 [Dickson, Terry; Yin, Shengjun; Williams, Paul] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Dickson, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM tyd@ornl.gov; sy5@ornl.gov; ptw@ornl.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4370-3 PY 2010 BP 323 EP 331 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRF60 UT WOS:000282620000038 ER PT B AU Crawford, AL Spears, RE Russell, MJ AF Crawford, Anthony L. Spears, Robert E. Russell, Mark J. BE Karamanos, SA TI ELIMINATING CONSERVATISM IN THE PIPING SYSTEM ANALYSIS PROCESS THROUGH APPLICATION OF A SUITE OF LOCALLY APPROPRIATE SEISMIC INPUT MOTIONS SO ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE, VOL 8: SEISMIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div AB Seismic analysis is of great importance in the evaluation of nuclear systems due to the heavy influence such loading has on their designs. Current Department of Energy seismic analysis techniques for a nuclear safety-related piping system typically involve application of a single conservative seismic Input applied to the enure system [1]. A significant portion of this conservatism comes from the need to address the overlapping uncertainties in the seismic Input and in the building response that transmits that input motion to the piping system. The approach presented in this paper addresses these two sources of uncertainty through the application of a suite of 32 earthquake realizations with equal probability of occurrence whose collective performance addresses the total uncertainty while each individual motion represents a single variation of it. It represents an extension of the soil-structure interaction analysis methodology of SEI/ASCE 43-05 [2] from the structure to individual piping components Because this approach is computationally intensive, automation and other measures have been developed to make such an analysis efficient. These measures are detailed in this paper. C1 [Crawford, Anthony L.; Spears, Robert E.; Russell, Mark J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Crawford, AL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, 2525 N Fremont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Anthony.Crawford@inl.gov; Robert.Spears@inl.gov; Mark.Russell@inl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4371-0 PY 2010 BP 59 EP 64 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRF61 UT WOS:000282620500009 ER PT S AU Bradley, J AF Bradley, J. BE Henning, T TI The Astromineralogy of Interplanetary Dust Particles SO ASTROMINERALOGY, SECOND EDITION SE Lecture Notes in Physics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MAJOR ELEMENT COMPOSITION; MOLECULAR-CLOUD MATERIAL; IRON-NICKEL SULFIDES; SILICATE MINERALOGY; INTERSTELLAR GRAINS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; SOLAR-SYSTEM; COMET; METEORITES AB Some chondritic interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) collected in the stratosphere are from comets. Because comets accreted at heliocentric distances beyond the giant planets, presolar grains or "astrominerals" with solar and non-solar isotopic compositions are expected to be even more abundant in cometary IDPs than in primitive meteorites. Non-solar D/H and N-15/N-14 isotopic enrichments in chondritic IDPs are associated with a carbonaceous carrier. These H and N enrichments are attributed to extreme mass fractionation during chemical reactions in cold (10-100 K), dense interstellar molecular clouds. Enstatite (MgSiO3) and forsterite (Mg2SiO4) crystals in IDPs are physically and compositionally similar to enstatite and forsterite grains detected around young and old stars by the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO), and large non-solar oxygen isotopic compositions recently measured in some IDP silicates establish that they are presolar silicates. The compositions, mineralogy, and optical properties of a class of grains in IDPs, known as GEMS, are consistent with those of interstellar "amorphous silicates". Non-solar isotopic compositions measured in several GEMS confirm that they are interstellar silicate grains, one of the fundamental building blocks of solar systems. Submicrometer FeNi sulfide astrominerals like those found in IDPs may be responsible for a broad similar to 23.5 mu m feature observed around protostars and protoplanetary discs by ISO. The first sample of a known comet (81P/Wild 2) was returned to Earth in 2006 by the Stardust mission. Contrary to expectations, the "Wild 2" sample does not resemble "cometary" IDPs and it does not contain abundant astromaterials. Instead, this particular Kuiper Belt comet resembles chondritic meteorites from the asteroid belt, which reinforces the astrophysical significance of IDPs as perhaps the most cosmically primitive materials available for laboratory investigations. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bradley, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM bradley33@llnl.gov NR 95 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 978-3-642-13258-2 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2010 VL 815 BP 259 EP 276 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-13259-9_6 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-13259-9 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mineralogy; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mineralogy; Physics GA BRP56 UT WOS:000283333100006 ER PT B AU Neilsen, EH Gottschalk, EE AF Neilsen, Eric H., Jr. Gottschalk, Erik E. BE Mizumoto, Y Morita, KI Ohishi, M TI A Prototype Data Processing System for JDEM SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XIX SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY OCT 04-08, 2009 CL Sapporo, JAPAN ID ARCHIVE AB Fermilab is developing a prototype data processing system for the Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM) Science Operations Center (SOC). The SOC requires tools for systematic and timely execution of computing jobs; data management; and systematic record keeping for provenance, workflow organization, and quality control. Drawing on our experience in processing large volumes of data, we are constructing a prototype system using existing infrastructure and a variety of tools, including distributed computing and mass data storage infrastructure at Fermi lab. This system provides an environment within and against which potential architectures and components of the production system can be evaluated. We describe the prototype and its uses. C1 [Neilsen, Eric H., Jr.; Gottschalk, Erik E.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Neilsen, EH (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-748-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 434 BP 341 EP 344 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BUU27 UT WOS:000290361300075 ER PT B AU Blaschke, D Klahn, T Weber, F AF Blaschke, D. Klahn, T. Weber, F. BE Vasconcellos, CAZ Bodmann, BEJ Stoecker, H Reboucas, MJ Bezerra, VB Greiner, W TI CONSTRAINTS ON THE NUCLEAR EOS FROM NEUTRON STAR OBSERVABLES SO ASTRONOMY AND RELATIVISTIC ASTROPHYSICS: NEW PHENOMENA AND NEW STATES OF MATTER IN THE UNIVERSE (IWARA07) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Astronomy and Relativistic Astrophysics CY OCT 03-06, 2007 CL Joao Pessoa, BRAZIL SP CAPES, Univ Fed Paraiba, Programa Posgraduacao Fis DE Nuclear matter; quark matter; equation of state; neutron stars; pulsars ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; X-RAY BINARIES; R-MODE INSTABILITY; STRANGE STARS; COMPACT STARS; QUARK MATTER; DENSE MATTER; 1122 HZ; OSCILLATIONS; MASS AB Depending on the density reached in the cores of neutron stars, such objects may contain stable phases of novel matter found nowhere else in the Universe. This article gives a brief overview of these phases of matter and discusses astrophysical constraints on the high-density equation of state associated with ultra-dense nuclear matter. C1 [Blaschke, D.] Uniwersytet Wroclawski, Inst Fizyki Teoretycznej, Pl M Borna 9, PL-50204 Wroclaw, Poland. [Blaschke, D.] JINR, Bogoliubov Lab Theoret Phys, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Klahn, T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Weber, F.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Blaschke, D (reprint author), Uniwersytet Wroclawski, Inst Fizyki Teoretycznej, Pl M Borna 9, PL-50204 Wroclaw, Poland. EM blaschke@ift.uni.wroc.pl; thomas.klaehn@googlemail.com; fweber@sciences.sdsu.edu FU Polish Ministry for Science and Higher Education [N N202 0953 33]; Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [PHY-0457329]; Research Corporation FX We thank our collaborators H. Grigorian, S. Popov, and D. Voskresensky for their comments and for their contributions to the results reported here. D. Blaschke was supported in part by the Polish Ministry for Science and Higher Education under contract No. N N202 0953 33. T. Klahn is grateful for partial support from the Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The research of F. Weber is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant PHY-0457329, and by the Research Corporation. NR 92 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4304-87-0 PY 2010 BP 31 EP 46 DI 10.1142/9789814304887_0003 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG9TG UT WOS:000393841400003 ER PT J AU Bottacini, E Ajello, M Greiner, J Pian, E Rau, A Palazzi, E Covino, S Ghisellini, G Kruhler, T Yoldas, AK Cappelluti, N Afonso, P AF Bottacini, E. Ajello, M. Greiner, J. Pian, E. Rau, A. Palazzi, E. Covino, S. Ghisellini, G. Kruehler, T. Yoldas, A. Kuepcue Cappelluti, N. Afonso, P. TI PKS 0537-286, carrying the information of the environment of SMBHs in the early Universe SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; X-rays: galaxies; galaxies: high-redshift; quasars: individual PKS 0537-286; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY-SPECTRA; HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASAR; RADIO-LOUD QUASARS; LOW-ENERGY CUTOFFS; BL-LAC OBJECTS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; PROTON BLAZAR; GAMMA-RAYS; TELESCOPE AB Context. The high-redshift (z = 3.1) blazar PKS 0537-286, belonging to the flat spectrum radio quasar blazar subclass, is one of the most luminous active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the Universe. Blazars are very suitable candidates for multiwavelength observations. Indeed, the relativistic beaming effect at work within the jet enhances their luminosity. This in turn allows the properties of the extragalactic jets, the powering central engine, and the surrounding environment to be derived. Aims. Our aim is to present the results of a multifrequency campaign from the near-IR to hard X-ray energies on PKS 0537-286 and give insight into the physical environment where the radiation processes take place. Methods. We observed the source at different epochs from 2006 to 2008 with INTEGRAL and Swift, and nearly simultaneously with ground-based optical telescopes. We also analyzed two archival spectra taken with XMM-Newton in 1999 and 2005. A comparative analysis of the results is performed. Results. The X-ray continuum of the blazar, as sampled by XMM, is described by a power law of index Gamma = 1.2, modified by variable absorption at the soft X-rays, as found in other high-redshift QSOs. Modest X-ray continuum variability is found in the Swift observations. The combined Swift/BAT and Swift/XRT spectrum is very hard (Gamma =1.3). This, together with the non simultaneous EGRET detection and the more recent non detection by Fermi-LAT, constrains the peak of the high-energy component robustly. The optical/UV data, heavily affected by intervening Ly alpha absorption, indicate the presence of a bright thermal accretion disk that decreased in luminosity between 2006 and 2008. We infer from this a reduction of the BLR radius. When taking this into account, the 2006 and 2008 SEDs are compatible with a model based on synchrotron radiation and external inverse Compton scattering where the accretion-disk luminosity decreases between the 2 epochs by a factor 2, while the bulk Lorentz factor remains unchanged and the magnetic field changed only marginally. C1 [Bottacini, E.; Greiner, J.; Rau, A.; Kruehler, T.; Cappelluti, N.; Afonso, P.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Ajello, M.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, KIPAC, Menlo Pk, CA 91125 USA. [Pian, E.] Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Palazzi, E.] Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Pian, E.; Yoldas, A. Kuepcue] ESO, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Covino, S.; Ghisellini, G.] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Osservatorio Astron Brera, I-23807 Merate, Italy. [Kruehler, T.] Tech Univ Munich, Universe Cluster, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Bottacini, E (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85741 Garching, Germany. EM eub@mpe.mpg.de RI Palazzi, Eliana/N-4746-2015; OI Ghisellini, Gabriele/0000-0002-0037-1974; Cappelluti, Nico/0000-0002-1697-186X; Palazzi, Eliana/0000-0002-8691-7666; Covino, Stefano/0000-0001-9078-5507; Kruehler, Thomas/0000-0002-8682-2384; Pian, Elena/0000-0001-8646-4858 FU ASI-INAF [I/023/05/0]; ASI [I/088/06/0A]; DFG FX We thank Marcella Brusa for providing information on XMM-observation and Francesco Longo for the help with data analysis. E. Pian acknowledges financial support from ASI-INAF I/023/05/0 and ASI I/088/06/0A. T. K. acknowledges support by the DFG cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe". The anonymous referee is acknowledged for his helpful comments, which improved the manuscript. We also thank the INTEGRAL and the Swift team for the observations and the NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 509 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200913260 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 550VM UT WOS:000274159400080 ER PT J AU Hauschildt, PH Baron, E AF Hauschildt, P. H. Baron, E. TI A 3D radiative transfer framework VI. PHOENIX/3D example applications SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiative transfer; methods: numerical; stars: atmospheres ID STELLAR ATMOSPHERE PROGRAM; PARALLEL IMPLEMENTATION AB Aims. We demonstrate the application of our 3D radiative transfer framework in the model atmosphere code PHOENIX for a number of spectrum synthesis calculations for very different conditions. Methods. The 3DRT framework discussed in the previous papers of this series was added to our general-purpose model atmosphere code PHOENIX/1D and an extended 3D version PHOENIX/3D was created. The PHOENIX/3D code is parallelized via the MPI library using a hierarchical domain decomposition and displays very good strong scaling. Results. We present the results of several test cases for widely different atmosphere conditions and compare the 3D calculations with equivalent 1D models to assess the internal accuracy of the 3D modeling. In addition, we show the results for a number of parameterized 3D structures. Conclusions. With presently available computational resources it is possible to solve the full 3D radiative transfer (including scattering) problem with the same micro-physics as included in 1D modeling. C1 [Hauschildt, P. H.; Baron, E.] Hamburger Sternwarte, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. [Baron, E.] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Baron, E.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hauschildt, PH (reprint author), Hamburger Sternwarte, Gojenbergsweg 112, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. EM yeti@hs.uni-hamburg.de; baron@ou.edu RI Baron, Edward/A-9041-2009 OI Baron, Edward/0000-0001-5393-1608 FU DFG [1351, SFB 676]; NSF [AST-0707704]; US DOE [DE-FG02-07ER41517, DE-AC03-76SF00098]; State of Hamburg FX This work was supported in part by DFG GrK 1351 and SFB 676, as well as NSF grant AST-0707704, and US DOE Grant DE-FG02-07ER41517. The calculations presented here were performed at the Hochstleistungs Rechenzentrum Nord (HLRN); at the Hamburger Sternwarte IBM Regatta Systems, Apple G5, and Delta Opteron clusters financially supported by the DFG and the State of Hamburg; and at the National Energy Research Supercomputer Center (NERSC), which is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. We thank all these institutions for a generous allocation of computer time. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 509 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200913064 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 550VM UT WOS:000274159400048 ER PT J AU Iovino, A Cucciati, O Scodeggio, M Knobel, C Kovac, K Lilly, S Bolzonella, M Tasca, LAM Zamorani, G Zucca, E Caputi, K Pozzetti, L Oesch, P Lamareille, F Halliday, C Bardelli, S Finoguenov, A Guzzo, L Kampczyk, P Maier, C Tanaka, M Vergani, D Carollo, CM Contini, T Kneib, JP Le Fevre, O Mainieri, V Renzini, A Bongiorno, A Coppa, G de la Torre, S de Ravel, L Franzetti, P Garilli, B Le Borgne, JF Le Brun, V Mignoli, M Pello, R Peng, Y Perez-Montero, E Ricciardelli, E Silverman, JD Tresse, L Abbas, U Bottini, D Cappi, A Cassata, P Cimatti, A Koekemoer, AM Leauthaud, A Maccagni, D Marinoni, C McCracken, HJ Memeo, P Meneux, B Porciani, C Scaramella, R Schiminovich, D Scoville, N AF Iovino, A. Cucciati, O. Scodeggio, M. Knobel, C. Kovac, K. Lilly, S. Bolzonella, M. Tasca, L. A. M. Zamorani, G. Zucca, E. Caputi, K. Pozzetti, L. Oesch, P. Lamareille, F. Halliday, C. Bardelli, S. Finoguenov, A. Guzzo, L. Kampczyk, P. Maier, C. Tanaka, M. Vergani, D. Carollo, C. M. Contini, T. Kneib, J. -P. Le Fevre, O. Mainieri, V. Renzini, A. Bongiorno, A. Coppa, G. de la Torre, S. de Ravel, L. Franzetti, P. Garilli, B. Le Borgne, J. -F. Le Brun, V. Mignoli, M. Pello, R. Peng, Y. Perez-Montero, E. Ricciardelli, E. Silverman, J. D. Tresse, L. Abbas, U. Bottini, D. Cappi, A. Cassata, P. Cimatti, A. Koekemoer, A. M. Leauthaud, A. Maccagni, D. Marinoni, C. McCracken, H. J. Memeo, P. Meneux, B. Porciani, C. Scaramella, R. Schiminovich, D. Scoville, N. TI The zCOSMOS redshift survey: how group environment alters global downsizing trends SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: interactions ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; VLT DEEP SURVEY; COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; LOW-DENSITY ENVIRONMENTS; CLUSTER SPIRAL NGC-4522; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; RAY-SELECTED CLUSTERS; GALAXY GROUPS; STELLAR MASS AB Context. Groups of galaxies are a common environment, bridging the gap between starforming field galaxies and quiescent cluster galaxies. Within groups secular processes could be at play, contributing to the observed strong decrease of star formation with cosmic time in the global galaxy population. Aims. We took advantage of the wealth of information provided by the first similar to 10 000 galaxies of the zCOSMOS-bright survey and its group catalogue to study in detail the complex interplay between group environment and galaxy properties. Methods. The classical indicator F-blue, i.e., the fraction of blue galaxies, proved to be a simple but powerful diagnostic tool. We studied its variation for different luminosity and mass selected galaxy samples, divided as to define groups/field/isolated galaxy subsamples. Results. Using rest-frame evolving B-band volume-limited samples, the groups galaxy population exhibits significant blueing as redshift increases, but maintains a systematic difference (a lower F-blue) with respect to the global galaxy population, and an even larger difference with respect to the isolated galaxy population. However moving to mass selected samples it becomes apparent that such differences are largely due to the biased view imposed by the B-band luminosity selection, being driven by the population of lower mass, bright blue galaxies for which we miss the redder, equally low mass, counterparts. By carefully focusing the analysis on narrow mass bins such that mass segregation becomes negligible we find that only for the lowest mass bin explored, i.e., log(M-*/M-circle dot) <= 10.6, does a significant residual difference in color remain as a function of environment, while this difference becomes negligible toward higher masses. Conclusions. Our results indicate that red galaxies of mass log(M-*/M-circle dot) >= 10.8 are already in place at z similar to 1 and do not exhibit any strong environmental dependence, possibly originating from so-called nature or internal mechanisms. In contrast, for lower galaxy masses and redshifts lower than z similar to 1, we observe the emergence in groups of a population of nurture red galaxies: slightly deviating from the trend of the downsizing scenario followed by the global galaxy population, and more so with cosmic time. These galaxies exhibit signatures of group-related secular physical mechanisms directly influencing galaxy evolution. Our analysis implies that these mechanisms begin to significantly influence galaxy evolution after z similar to 1, a redshift corresponding to the emergence of structures in which these mechanisms take place. C1 [Iovino, A.; Cucciati, O.; Guzzo, L.; de la Torre, S.] Astron Observ, INAF, I-20159 Milan, Italy. [Cucciati, O.; Tasca, L. A. M.; Kneib, J. -P.; Le Fevre, O.; de la Torre, S.; de Ravel, L.; Le Brun, V.; Tresse, L.; Cassata, P.] Univ Aix Marseille, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13388 Marseille, France. [Scodeggio, M.; Tasca, L. A. M.; Franzetti, P.; Garilli, B.; Bottini, D.; Maccagni, D.; Memeo, P.] IASF Milano, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Knobel, C.; Kovac, K.; Lilly, S.; Caputi, K.; Oesch, P.; Kampczyk, P.; Maier, C.; Carollo, C. M.; Peng, Y.; Silverman, J. D.; Porciani, C.] ETH, Inst Astron, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bolzonella, M.; Zamorani, G.; Zucca, E.; Pozzetti, L.; Bardelli, S.; Vergani, D.; Coppa, G.; Mignoli, M.; Cappi, A.] Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Lamareille, F.; Contini, T.; Le Borgne, J. -F.; Pello, R.; Perez-Montero, E.] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Toulouse Tarbes, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Halliday, C.] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Finoguenov, A.; Bongiorno, A.; Meneux, B.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-84571 Garching, Germany. [Tanaka, M.; Mainieri, V.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Renzini, A.; Ricciardelli, E.] Univ Padua, Dept Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Abbas, U.] Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, I-10025 Turin, Italy. [Cassata, P.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Cimatti, A.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Leauthaud, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Koekemoer, A. M.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Marinoni, C.] Ctr Phys Theor, F-13288 Marseille, France. [McCracken, H. J.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Meneux, B.] Univ Sternwarte, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Porciani, C.] Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Scaramella, R.] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. [Schiminovich, D.] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Scoville, N.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Iovino, A (reprint author), Astron Observ, INAF, Via Brera 28, I-20159 Milan, Italy. EM angela.iovino@brera.inaf.it RI Bardelli, Sandro/O-9369-2015; Mignoli, Marco/O-9426-2015; Cappi, Alberto/O-9391-2015; Zucca, Elena/O-9396-2015; Bolzonella, Micol/O-9495-2015; Pello, Roser/G-4754-2010; Le Fevre, Olivier/G-7389-2011; Kneib, Jean-Paul/A-7919-2015 OI Pozzetti, Lucia/0000-0001-7085-0412; Bongiorno, Angela/0000-0002-0101-6624; Scodeggio, Marco/0000-0002-2282-5850; Franzetti, Paolo/0000-0002-6986-0127; Vergani, Daniela/0000-0003-0898-2216; Scaramella, Roberto/0000-0003-2229-193X; Oesch, Pascal/0000-0001-5851-6649; Maier, Christian/0000-0001-6405-2182; Garilli, Bianca/0000-0001-7455-8750; Zamorani, Giovanni/0000-0002-2318-301X; Perez Montero, E/0000-0003-3985-4882; Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048; Bardelli, Sandro/0000-0002-8900-0298; Mignoli, Marco/0000-0002-9087-2835; Cappi, Alberto/0000-0002-9200-7167; Zucca, Elena/0000-0002-5845-8132; Bolzonella, Micol/0000-0003-3278-4607; Iovino, Angela/0000-0001-6958-0304; bottini, dario/0000-0001-6917-041X; Kneib, Jean-Paul/0000-0002-4616-4989 FU INAF [PRIN-2007/1.06.10.08]; ASI [ASI/COFIS/WP3110 I/026/07/0] FX We acknowledge support from an INAF contract PRIN-2007/1.06.10.08 and an ASI grant ASI/COFIS/WP3110 I/026/07/0. NR 109 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 509 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200912558 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 550VM UT WOS:000274159400052 ER PT J AU Vergani, D Zamorani, G Lilly, S Lamareille, F Halliday, C Scodeggio, M Vignali, C Ciliegi, P Bolzonella, M Bondi, M Kovac, K Knobel, C Zucca, E Caputi, K Pozzetti, L Bardelli, S Mignoli, M Iovino, A Carollo, CM Contini, T Kneib, JP Le Fevre, O Mainieri, V Renzini, A Bongiorno, A Coppa, G Cucciati, O de la Torre, S de Ravel, L Franzetti, P Garilli, B Kampczyk, P Le Borgne, JF Le Brun, V Maier, C Pello, R Peng, Y Montero, EP Ricciardelli, E Silverman, JD Tanaka, M Tasca, L Tresse, L Abbas, U Bottini, D Cappi, A Cassata, P Cimatti, A Guzzo, L Koekemoer, AM Leauthaud, A Maccagni, D Marinoni, C McCracken, HJ Memeo, P Meneux, B Oesch, P Porciani, C Scaramella, R Capak, P Sanders, D Scoville, N Taniguchi, Y AF Vergani, D. Zamorani, G. Lilly, S. Lamareille, F. Halliday, C. Scodeggio, M. Vignali, C. Ciliegi, P. Bolzonella, M. Bondi, M. Kovac, K. Knobel, C. Zucca, E. Caputi, K. Pozzetti, L. Bardelli, S. Mignoli, M. Iovino, A. Carollo, C. M. Contini, T. Kneib, J. -P. Le Fevre, O. Mainieri, V. Renzini, A. Bongiorno, A. Coppa, G. Cucciati, O. de la Torre, S. de Ravel, L. Franzetti, P. Garilli, B. Kampczyk, P. Le Borgne, J. -F. Le Brun, V. Maier, C. Pello, R. Peng, Y. Montero, E. Perez Ricciardelli, E. Silverman, J. D. Tanaka, M. Tasca, L. Tresse, L. Abbas, U. Bottini, D. Cappi, A. Cassata, P. Cimatti, A. Guzzo, L. Koekemoer, A. M. Leauthaud, A. Maccagni, D. Marinoni, C. McCracken, H. J. Memeo, P. Meneux, B. Oesch, P. Porciani, C. Scaramella, R. Capak, P. Sanders, D. Scoville, N. Taniguchi, Y. TI K plus a galaxies in the zCOSMOS survey Physical properties of systems in their post-starburst phase SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE galaxies: evolution; galaxies: fundamental parameters; galaxies: luminosity function, mass function; cosmology: observations; galaxies: formation ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; STAR-FORMATION HISTORIES; OLD STELLAR POPULATIONS; VLT DEEP SURVEY; MASS ASSEMBLY HISTORY; DELTA-STRONG GALAXIES; E+A-GALAXIES; REDSHIFT SURVEY; CLUSTER GALAXIES; DISTANT CLUSTERS AB Aims. The identities of the main processes triggering and quenching star-formation in galaxies remain unclear. A key stage in evolution, however, appears to be represented by post-starburst galaxies. To investigate the prevalence of these galaxies and their impact on galaxy evolution in general, we initiated a multiwavelength study of galaxies with k + a spectral features in the well-studied COSMOS field. Methods. We examine a mass-selected sample of k + a galaxies in the COSMOS field at z = 0.48-1.2 using the spectroscopic zCOSMOS sample. To classify galaxies in their k + a phase, we use a spectroscopic criterion, based on the amplitude of the H delta absorption line and the absence of the [OII] emission line. We develop our analysis for a well-defined sample by imposing stringent confidence levels on the spectroscopic redshifts and spectral measurements. We compare our results for two mass-selected samples of star-forming and quiescent galaxies selected using a purely spectral classification scheme from the 10 000 zCOSMOS catalogue (i.e., based on measurements of 4000 angstrom break and EW[OII]). Results. In our mass-limited sample, k+a galaxies occupy the brightest tail of the luminosity distribution. They are as massive as quiescent galaxies and populate the green valley in the colour versus luminosity (or stellar mass) distribution. A small percentage (<8%) of these galaxies have radio and/or X-ray counterparts (implying an upper limit to the SFR of similar to 8 M(circle dot) yr(-1)). Over the entire redshift range explored, the class of post-starburst galaxies is morphologically a heterogeneous population with a similar incidence of bulge-dominated and disky galaxies. This distribution does not vary with the strength of the H delta absorption line but instead with stellar mass in a way reminiscent of the well-known mass-morphology relation. The results about the incidence of asymmetries and the concentration of the light distribution derived from HST/ACS images imply that this galaxy population possibly represents an intermediate stage of galaxy evolution. Although k+a galaxies are also found in underdense regions, they appear to reside typically in a similarly rich environment as quiescent galaxies on a physical scale of similar to 2-8 Mpc, and in groups they show a morphological early-to-late type ratio similar to the quiescent galaxy class. With the current data set, we do not find evidence of statistical significant evolution in either the number/mass density of k + a galaxies at intermediate redshift with respect to the local values, or the spectral properties, although more solid results on this and other aspects will be obtained following the completion of the survey. Conclusions. Several mechanisms related and unrelated to the environment are at work in quenching star-formation activity in galaxies on short timescales (<1 Gyr). Those galaxies, which are affected by a sudden quenching of their star-formation activity, may increase the stellar mass of the red-sequence by up to a non-negligible level of similar to 10%. C1 [Vergani, D.; Zucca, E.; Pozzetti, L.; Bardelli, S.; Mignoli, M.; Cappi, A.] Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Vergani, D.; Zamorani, G.; Vignali, C.; Ciliegi, P.; Bolzonella, M.; Carollo, C. M.; Coppa, G.; Kampczyk, P.; Maier, C.; Peng, Y.; Silverman, J. D.; Cimatti, A.; Oesch, P.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Lilly, S.; Kovac, K.; Knobel, C.; Caputi, K.] ETH Honggerberg, Inst Astron, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Lamareille, F.; Contini, T.; Le Borgne, J. -F.; Pello, R.; Montero, E. Perez] Univ Toulouse, Lab Astrophys Toulouse Tarbes, CNRS, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Halliday, C.] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Scodeggio, M.; Franzetti, P.; Garilli, B.; Tasca, L.; Bottini, D.; Maccagni, D.; Memeo, P.] IASF Milano, INAF, Milan, Italy. [Bondi, M.] Ist Radioastron, INAF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Iovino, A.; de la Torre, S.; Guzzo, L.] Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, Milan, Italy. [Kneib, J. -P.; Le Fevre, O.; Cucciati, O.; de Ravel, L.; Le Brun, V.; Tresse, L.; Cassata, P.] Lab Astrophys Marseille, Marseille, France. [Mainieri, V.; Tanaka, M.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Renzini, A.; Ricciardelli, E.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Bongiorno, A.; Meneux, B.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-84571 Garching, Germany. [Abbas, U.] Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. [Koekemoer, A. M.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Leauthaud, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Leauthaud, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, BCCP, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marinoni, C.] Ctr Phys Theor, Marseille, France. [McCracken, H. J.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Meneux, B.] Univ Sternwarte, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Porciani, C.] Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Scaramella, R.] Osservatorio Roma, INAF, Monte Porzio Catone, RM, Italy. [Capak, P.; Scoville, N.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Sanders, D.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Taniguchi, Y.] Ehime Univ, Res Ctr Space & Cosm Evolut, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. RP Vergani, D (reprint author), Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, Via Ranzani 1, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. EM daniela.vergani@oabo.inaf.it RI Bardelli, Sandro/O-9369-2015; Mignoli, Marco/O-9426-2015; Pello, Roser/G-4754-2010; Le Fevre, Olivier/G-7389-2011; Vignali, Cristian/J-4974-2012; Kneib, Jean-Paul/A-7919-2015; Bolzonella, Micol/O-9495-2015; Cappi, Alberto/O-9391-2015; Zucca, Elena/O-9396-2015 OI Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048; Bardelli, Sandro/0000-0002-8900-0298; Mignoli, Marco/0000-0002-9087-2835; Vignali, Cristian/0000-0002-8853-9611; Kneib, Jean-Paul/0000-0002-4616-4989; Bolzonella, Micol/0000-0003-3278-4607; Vergani, Daniela/0000-0003-0898-2216; Oesch, Pascal/0000-0001-5851-6649; Garilli, Bianca/0000-0001-7455-8750; Cappi, Alberto/0000-0002-9200-7167; Zucca, Elena/0000-0002-5845-8132 FU [ASI/COFIS/WP3110 I/026/07/0] FX This work has been supported in part by the grant ASI/COFIS/WP3110 I/026/07/0. We thank the referee for providing constructive comments. NR 106 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 509 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200912802 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 550VM UT WOS:000274159400054 ER PT B AU Annovi, A Beretta, M Laurelli, P Bossini, E Cavasinni, V Crescioli, F Dell'Orso, M Giannetti, P Piendibene, M Punzi, G Sarri, F Vivarelli, I Volpi, G Sartori, L Boveia, A Brubaker, E Canelli, F Dunford, M Kapliy, A Kim, YK Melachrinos, C Shochet, M Tuggle, J DeBerg, H McCarn, A Neubauer, M Franklin, M Mills, C Kimura, N Yorita, K Proudfoot, J Zhang, J Tripiccione, R AF Annovi, A. Beretta, M. Laurelli, P. Bossini, E. Cavasinni, V. Crescioli, F. Dell'Orso, M. Giannetti, P. Piendibene, M. Punzi, G. Sarri, F. Vivarelli, I. Volpi, G. Sartori, L. Boveia, A. Brubaker, E. Canelli, F. Dunford, M. Kapliy, A. Kim, Y. K. Melachrinos, C. Shochet, M. Tuggle, J. DeBerg, H. McCarn, A. Neubauer, M. Franklin, M. Mills, C. Kimura, N. Yorita, K. Proudfoot, J. Zhang, J. Tripiccione, R. BE Leroy, C Rancoita, PG Barone, M Gaddi, A Price, L Ruchti, R TI THE EVOLUTION OF FTK, A REAL-TIME TRACKER FOR HADRON COLLIDER EXPERIMENTS SO ASTROPARTICLE, PARTICLE AND SPACE PHYSICS, DETECTORS AND MEDICAL PHYSICS APPLICATIONS SE Astroparticle Particle Space Physics Radiation Interaction Detectors and Medical Physics Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conferences on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics on Astroparticle, Particle, Space Physics, Detectors and Medical Physics Applications CY OCT 05-09, 2009 CL Villa Olmo, ITALY ID PROCESSOR AB We describe the architecture evolution of the highly-parallel dedicated processor FTK, which is driven by the simulation of LHC events at high luminosity (10(34) cm(-2) s(-1)). FTK is able to provide precise on-line track reconstruction for future hadronic collider experiments. The processor, organized in a two-tiered pipelined architecture, execute very fast algorithms based on the use of a large bank of pre-stored patterns of trajectory points (first tier) in combination with full resolution track fitting to refine pattern recognition and to determine off-line quality track parameters. We describe here how the high luminosity simulation results have produced a new organization of the hardware inside the FTK processor core. C1 [Annovi, A.; Beretta, M.; Laurelli, P.] INFN Frascati, Frascati, Italy. [Bossini, E.; Cavasinni, V.; Crescioli, F.; Dell'Orso, M.; Giannetti, P.; Piendibene, M.; Punzi, G.; Sarri, F.; Vivarelli, I.; Volpi, G.; Sartori, L.] Univ Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. [Bossini, E.; Cavasinni, V.; Crescioli, F.; Dell'Orso, M.; Giannetti, P.; Piendibene, M.; Punzi, G.; Sarri, F.; Vivarelli, I.; Volpi, G.; Sartori, L.] INFN Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Boveia, A.; Brubaker, E.; Canelli, F.; Dunford, M.; Kapliy, A.; Kim, Y. K.; Melachrinos, C.; Shochet, M.; Tuggle, J.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [DeBerg, H.; McCarn, A.; Neubauer, M.] Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL USA. [Franklin, M.; Mills, C.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kimura, N.; Yorita, K.] Waseda Univ, Tokyo, Japan. [Proudfoot, J.; Zhang, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Tripiccione, R.] Univ Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Tripiccione, R.] INFN Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. RP Annovi, A (reprint author), INFN Frascati, Frascati, Italy. EM alberto.annovi@lnf.infn.it NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4307-51-2 J9 ASTROPART PART SPACE PY 2010 VL 5 BP 653 EP 657 DI 10.1142/9789814307529_0107 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BH0AL UT WOS:000394471200107 ER PT B AU Liu, ZK Chang, YH Hung, WC Boggs, SE Bandstra, MS Bellm, EE Perez-Becker, D Wunderer, CB Zoglauer, A Amman, M Luke, PN Chang, HK Chiu, JL Liang, JS Lin, CH Huang, MA Run, RS Chiang, SJ Jean, P AF Liu, Zong-Kai Chang, Yuan-Hann Hung, Wei-Che Boggs, Steven E. Bandstra, Mark S. Bellm, Eric E. Perez-Becker, Daniel Wunderer, Cornelia B. Zoglauer, Andreas Amman, Mark Luke, Paul N. Chang, Hsiang-Kuang Chiu, Jeng-Lun Liang, Jau-Shian Lin, Chih-Hsun Huang, Minghuey A. Run, Ray-Shine Chiang, Shueng-Jung Jean, Pierre BE Leroy, C Rancoita, PG Barone, M Gaddi, A Price, L Ruchti, R TI OVERVIEW OF THE NUCLEAR COMPTON TELESCOPE (NCT) SO ASTROPARTICLE, PARTICLE AND SPACE PHYSICS, DETECTORS AND MEDICAL PHYSICS APPLICATIONS SE Astroparticle Particle Space Physics Radiation Interaction Detectors and Medical Physics Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conferences on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics on Astroparticle, Particle, Space Physics, Detectors and Medical Physics Applications CY OCT 05-09, 2009 CL Villa Olmo, ITALY AB The Nuclear Compton Telescope (NCT) is a balloon-borne telescope designed to study astrophysical sources of nuclear line emission and polarization at soft gamma-ray (0.210 MeV) energies. The heart of NCT is an array of 12 cross-strip germanium detectors, designed to provide 3D positions for each photon interaction with full 3D position resolution. Tracking 3D positions enables Compton imaging, effectively reduces background, and enables the measurement of polarization. NCT has a novel, ultra compact design optimized for studying nuclear line emission in the critical 0.5-2 MeV range, and polarization in the 0.2-0.5 MeV range. The NCT instrument was successfully launched from Fort Sumner, New Mexico on May 17, 2009. We will present an overview of the instrument, its major scientific goals and some results from 2009 flight. C1 [Liu, Zong-Kai; Chang, Yuan-Hann; Hung, Wei-Che] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, 300 Jhongda Rd, Jhongli 320, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. [Boggs, Steven E.; Bandstra, Mark S.; Bellm, Eric E.; Perez-Becker, Daniel; Wunderer, Cornelia B.; Zoglauer, Andreas] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Amman, Mark; Luke, Paul N.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chang, Hsiang-Kuang; Chiu, Jeng-Lun; Liang, Jau-Shian] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. [Lin, Chih-Hsun] Acad Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Huang, Minghuey A.; Run, Ray-Shine; Chiang, Shueng-Jung] Natl United Univ, Miaoli 360, Miaoli County, Taiwan. [Jean, Pierre] CESR, F-31028 Toulouse, France. RP Liu, ZK (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, 300 Jhongda Rd, Jhongli 320, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. EM zkliu@ssl.berkeley.edu FU NASA [NNG04WC38G]; National Space Organization (NSPO) in Taiwan [96-NSPO(B)-SP-FA04-01] FX The NCT project is funded by NASA under Grant #NNG04WC38G for the NCT-US team and by the National Space Organization (NSPO) in Taiwan under Grant 96-NSPO(B)-SP-FA04-01 for NCT-Taiwan team. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4307-51-2 J9 ASTROPART PART SPACE PY 2010 VL 5 BP 785 EP 789 DI 10.1142/9789814307529_0125 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BH0AL UT WOS:000394471200125 ER PT J AU Belczynski, K Holz, DE Fryer, CL Berger, E Hartmann, DH O'Shea, B AF Belczynski, Krzysztof Holz, Daniel E. Fryer, Chris L. Berger, Edo Hartmann, Dieter H. O'Shea, Brian TI ON THE ORIGIN OF THE HIGHEST REDSHIFT GAMMA-RAY BURSTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE binaries: general; gamma rays: bursts; stars: formation ID MASS-METALLICITY RELATION; COMPACT OBJECT MERGERS; POPULATION-III STARS; NEUTRON-STARS; BLACK-HOLES; LUMINOSITY EVOLUTION; MILLISECOND PULSARS; EARLY UNIVERSE; GRB 080913; AFTERGLOW AB GRB 080913 and GRB 090423 are the most distant gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) known to date, with spectroscopically determined redshifts of z = 6.7 and z = 8.1, respectively. The detection of bursts at this early epoch of the universe significantly constrains the nature of GRBs and their progenitors. We perform population synthesis studies of the formation and evolution of early stars, and calculate the resulting formation rates of short- and long-duration GRBs at high redshift. The peak of the GRB rate from Population II stars occurs at z similar to 7 for a model with efficient/fast mixing of metals, while it is found at z similar to 3 for an inefficient/slow metallicity evolution model. We show that in the redshift range 6 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 10, essentially all GRBs originate from Population II stars, regardless of the metallicity evolution model. These stars (having small, but non-zero metallicity) are the most likely progenitors for both long GRBs (collapsars) and short GRBs (neutron star-neutron star or blackhole-neutron star mergers) at this epoch. Although the predicted intrinsic rates of long and short GRBs are similar at these high redshifts, observational selection effects lead to higher (a factor of similar to 10) observed rates for long GRBs. We conclude that the two recently observed high-z GRB events are most likely long GRBs originating from Population II collapsars. C1 [Belczynski, Krzysztof; Holz, Daniel E.; Fryer, Chris L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Belczynski, Krzysztof] Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. [Berger, Edo] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hartmann, Dieter H.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [O'Shea, Brian] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Belczynski, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kbelczyn@nmsu.edu; daniel@restmass.com; clfreyer@lanl.gov; eberger@astro.princeton.edu; hdieter@CLEMSON.EDU; oshea@msu.edu FU KBN [N203 302835.] FX We thank the anonymous referee and Duncan Lorimer, Thomas Maccarone, and Ardrzej Zdziarski. K.B. acknowledges support from KBN grant N N203 302835. NR 103 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 708 IS 1 BP 117 EP 126 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/1/117 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 532ZM UT WOS:000272790400012 ER PT J AU Rozo, E Wechsler, RH Rykoff, ES Annis, JT Becker, MR Evrard, AE Frieman, JA Hansen, SM Hao, JG Johnston, DE Koester, BP McKay, TA Sheldon, ES Weinberg, DH AF Rozo, Eduardo Wechsler, Risa H. Rykoff, Eli S. Annis, James T. Becker, Matthew R. Evrard, August E. Frieman, Joshua A. Hansen, Sarah M. Hao, Jiangang Johnston, David E. Koester, Benjamin P. McKay, Timothy A. Sheldon, Erin S. Weinberg, David H. TI COSMOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS FROM THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY MaxBCG CLUSTER CATALOG SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmological parameters; cosmology: observations; large-scale structure of universe ID POWER-SPECTRUM NORMALIZATION; MASS FLUCTUATION SPECTRUM; OPTICAL RICHNESS RELATION; LUMINOUS GALAXY CLUSTERS; X-RAY TEMPERATURES; DARK ENERGY; MATTER; ABUNDANCE; SCATTER; SET AB We use the abundance and weak-lensing mass measurements of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey maxBCG cluster catalog to simultaneously constrain cosmology and the richness-mass relation of the clusters. Assuming a flat ACDM cosmology, we find sigma(8)(Omega(m)/0.25)(0.41) = 0.832 +/- 0.033 after marginalization over all systematics. In common with previous studies, our error budget is dominated by systematic uncertainties, the primary two being the absolute mass scale of the weak-lensing masses of the maxBCG clusters, and uncertainty in the scatter of the richness-mass relation. Our constraints are fully consistent with the WMAP five-year data, and in a joint analysis we find sigma(8) = 0.807 +/- 0.020 and Omega(m) = 0.265 +/- 0.016, an improvement of nearly a factor of 2 relative to WMAP5 alone. Our results are also in excellent agreement with and comparable in precision to the latest cosmological constraints from X-ray cluster abundances. The remarkable consistency among these results demonstrates that cluster abundance constraints are not only tight but also robust, and highlight the power of optically selected cluster samples to produce precision constraints on cosmological parameters. C1 [Rozo, Eduardo; Weinberg, David H.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Wechsler, Risa H.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Wechsler, Risa H.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Rykoff, Eli S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Annis, James T.; Frieman, Joshua A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Becker, Matthew R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Becker, Matthew R.; Frieman, Joshua A.; Koester, Benjamin P.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Evrard, August E.; Hao, Jiangang; McKay, Timothy A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Evrard, August E.; McKay, Timothy A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Evrard, August E.; McKay, Timothy A.] Michigan Ctr Theoret Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Frieman, Joshua A.; Koester, Benjamin P.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Hansen, Sarah M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Hansen, Sarah M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Johnston, David E.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Sheldon, Erin S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Weinberg, David H.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Rozo, E (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM erozo@mps.ohio-state.edu RI Hao, Jiangang/G-3954-2011; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Evrard, August/0000-0002-4876-956X; Hao, Jiangang/0000-0003-0502-7571 FU Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics; NSF [AST 0707985, AST-0807304, AST-0708150]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515, DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Terman Fellowship at Stanford University; TABASGO foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England FX We thank Hao-Yi Wu for a careful reading of the manuscript and helpful comments. E. R. was funded by the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at The Ohio State University and by NSF grant AST 0707985. R. H. W. was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-76SF00515 and by a Terman Fellowship at Stanford University. E. S. R. would like to thank the TABASGO foundation. T. A. M. was funded in part by the National Science Foundation under grant number AST-0807304. This work is supported in part by U. S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. A. E. E. acknowledges support from NSF AST-0708150.; Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the U. S. Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSS Web site is http://www.sdss.org/. NR 64 TC 251 Z9 251 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 708 IS 1 BP 645 EP 660 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/1/645 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 532ZM UT WOS:000272790400058 ER PT J AU D'Andrea, CB Sako, M Dilday, B Frieman, JA Holtzman, J Kessler, R Konishi, K Schneider, DP Sollerman, J Wheeler, JC Yasuda, N Cinabro, D Jha, S Nichol, RC Lampeitl, H Smith, M Atlee, DW Bassett, B Castander, FJ Goobar, A Miquel, R Nordin, J Ostman, L Prieto, JL Quimby, R Riess, AG Stritzinger, M AF D'Andrea, Chris B. Sako, Masao Dilday, Benjamin Frieman, Joshua A. Holtzman, Jon Kessler, Richard Konishi, Kohki Schneider, D. P. Sollerman, Jesper Wheeler, J. Craig Yasuda, Naoki Cinabro, David Jha, Saurabh Nichol, Robert C. Lampeitl, Hubert Smith, Mathew Atlee, David W. Bassett, Bruce Castander, Francisco J. Goobar, Ariel Miquel, Ramon Nordin, Jakob Ostman, Linda Prieto, Jose L. Quimby, Robert Riess, Adam G. Stritzinger, Maximilian TI TYPE II-P SUPERNOVAE FROM THE SDSS-II SUPERNOVA SURVEY AND THE STANDARDIZED CANDLE METHOD SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology: observations; distance scale; supernovae: general; surveys ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; RED SUPERGIANT PROGENITOR; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; IA SUPERNOVAE; LIGHT CURVES; DARK ENERGY; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; OPTICAL PHOTOMETRY AB We apply the Standardized Candle Method (SCM) for Type II Plateau supernovae (SNe II-P), which relates the velocity of the ejecta of a SN to its luminosity during the plateau, to 15 SNe II-P discovered over the three season run of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II Supernova Survey. The redshifts of these SNe-0.027 < z < 0.144-cover a range hitherto sparsely sampled in the literature; in particular, our SNe II-P sample contains nearly as many SNe in the Hubble flow (z > 0.01) as all of the current literature on the SCM combined. We find that the SDSS SNe have a very small intrinsic I-band dispersion (0.22 mag), which can be attributed to selection effects. When the SCM is applied to the combined SDSS-plus-literature set of SNe II-P, the dispersion increases to 0.29 mag, larger than the scatter for either set of SNe separately. We show that the standardization cannot be further improved by eliminating SNe with positive plateau decline rates, as proposed in Poznanski et al. We thoroughly examine all potential systematic effects and conclude that for the SCM to be useful for cosmology, the methods currently used to determine the Fe II velocity at day 50 must be improved, and spectral templates able to encompass the intrinsic variations of Type II-P SNe will be needed. C1 [D'Andrea, Chris B.; Sako, Masao] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Dilday, Benjamin; Jha, Saurabh] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Frieman, Joshua A.; Kessler, Richard] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Frieman, Joshua A.; Kessler, Richard] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Frieman, Joshua A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Holtzman, Jon] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Konishi, Kohki; Yasuda, Naoki] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Chiba 2778582, Japan. [Schneider, D. P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sollerman, Jesper; Stritzinger, Maximilian] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Sollerman, Jesper] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Wheeler, J. Craig] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Cinabro, David] Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Nichol, Robert C.; Lampeitl, Hubert; Smith, Mathew] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, Hants, England. [Smith, Mathew; Bassett, Bruce] Univ Cape Town, Dept Math & Appl Math, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Atlee, David W.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bassett, Bruce] S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Observatory, South Africa. [Castander, Francisco J.] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Goobar, Ariel; Nordin, Jakob; Ostman, Linda] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Albanova Univ Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Goobar, Ariel; Nordin, Jakob; Ostman, Linda] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Miquel, Ramon] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain. [Miquel, Ramon] Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Prieto, Jose L.] Carnegie Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Quimby, Robert] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Riess, Adam G.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Riess, Adam G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Stritzinger, Maximilian] Carnegie Observ, Las Campanas Observ, La Serena, Chile. RP D'Andrea, CB (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM cdandrea@physics.upenn.edu RI Yasuda, Naoki/A-4355-2011; OI Bassett, Bruce/0000-0001-7700-1069; Sollerman, Jesper/0000-0003-1546-6615; Miquel, Ramon/0000-0002-6610-4836; stritzinger, maximilian/0000-0002-5571-1833 FU Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England FX C. D. thanks Dovi Poznanski and Peter Nugent for numerous helpful conversations. Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSS Web Site is http://www.sdss.org/. The SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions. The Participating Institutions are the American Museum of Natural History, Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, University of Basel, University of Cambridge, Case Western Reserve University, University of Chicago, Drexel University, Fermilab, the Institute for Advanced Study, the Japan Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, the Korean Scientist Group, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST), Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), the Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA), New Mexico State University, Ohio State University, University of Pittsburgh, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the United States Naval Observatory, and the University of Washington. The Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) is a joint project of the University of Texas at Austin, the Pennsylvania State University, Stanford University, Ludwig-Maximillians-Universitat Munchen, and Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen. The HET is named in honor of its principal benefactors, William P. Hobby and Robert E. Eberly. The Marcario Low-resolution Spectrograph is named for Mike Marcario of High Lonesome Optics, who fabricated several optics for the instrument but died before its completion; it is a joint project of the Hobby-Eberly Telescope partnership and the Instituto de Astronomia de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. The Apache Point Observatory 3.5 m telescope is owned and operated by the Astrophysical Research Consortium. We thank the observatory director, Suzanne Hawley, and site manager, Bruce Gillespie, for their support of this project. The Subaru Telescope is operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; we thank Takashi Hattori for his support during our observing run at Subaru. The William Herschel Telescope is operated by the Isaac Newton Group, the Nordic Optical Telescope is operated jointly by Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, and the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) is operated by the Fundacion Galileo Galilei of the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), all on the island of La Palma in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. Observations at the ESO New Technology Telescope at La Silla Observatory were made under programme IDs 77.A-0437, 78.A-0325, and 79.A-0715. Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. We thank R. Kirshner, P. Challis, and S. Blondin for assistance with the spectroscopic observations at Magellan. The Hiltner 2.4 m telescope of the MDM Observatory is owned and operated by the University of Michigan, Dartmouth College, the Ohio State University, Columbia University, and Ohio University. NR 67 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 708 IS 1 BP 661 EP 674 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/1/661 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 532ZM UT WOS:000272790400059 ER PT J AU Sesar, B Ivezic, Z Grammer, SH Morgan, DP Becker, AC Juric, M De Lee, N Annis, J Beers, TC Fan, XH Lupton, RH Gunn, JE Knapp, GR Jiang, LH Jester, S Johnston, DE Lampeitl, H AF Sesar, Branimir Ivezic, Zeljko Grammer, Skyler H. Morgan, Dylan P. Becker, Andrew C. Juric, Mario De Lee, Nathan Annis, James Beers, Timothy C. Fan, Xiaohui Lupton, Robert H. Gunn, James E. Knapp, Gillian R. Jiang, Linhua Jester, Sebastian Johnston, David E. Lampeitl, Hubert TI LIGHT CURVE TEMPLATES AND GALACTIC DISTRIBUTION OF RR LYRAE STARS FROM SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY STRIPE 82 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy: halo; Galaxy: stellar content; Galaxy: structure; methods: data analysis; stars: horizontal-branch; stars: statistics; stars: variables: other ID SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; SAGITTARIUS DWARF GALAXY; HORIZONTAL-BRANCH STARS; MILKY-WAY TOMOGRAPHY; STELLAR HALO; SURVEY VIEW; VARIABLES; SDSS; SUBSTRUCTURE; METALLICITY AB We present an improved analysis of halo substructure traced by RR Lyrae stars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) stripe 82 region. With the addition of SDSS-II data, a revised selection method based on new ugriz light curve templates results in a sample of 483 RR Lyrae stars that is essentially free of contamination. The main result from our first study persists: the spatial distribution of halo stars at galactocentric distances 5-100 kpc is highly inhomogeneous. At least 20% of halo stars within 30 kpc from the Galactic center can be statistically associated with substructure. We present strong direct evidence, based on both RR Lyrae stars and main-sequence stars, that the halo stellar number density profile significantly steepens beyond a Galactocentric distance of similar to 30 kpc, and a larger fraction of the stars are associated with substructure. By using a novel method that simultaneously combines data for RR Lyrae and main-sequence stars, and using photometric metallicity estimates for main-sequence stars derived from deep co-added u-band data, we measure the metallicity of the Sagittarius dSph tidal stream (trailing arm) toward R. A. similar to 2(h)-3(h) and decl. similar to 0 degrees to be 0.3 dex higher ([Fe/H] = -1.2) than that of surrounding halo field stars. Together with a similar result for another major halo substructure, the Monoceros stream, these results support theoretical predictions that an early forming, smooth inner halo, is metal-poor compared to high surface brightness material that have been accreted onto a later-forming outer halo. The mean metallicity of stars in the outer halo that are not associated with detectable clumps may still be more metal-poor than the bulk of inner-halo stars, as has been argued from other data sets. C1 [Sesar, Branimir; Ivezic, Zeljko; Grammer, Skyler H.; Morgan, Dylan P.; Becker, Andrew C.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Juric, Mario] Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [De Lee, Nathan] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Annis, James; Lampeitl, Hubert] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Beers, Timothy C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Beers, Timothy C.] Michigan State Univ, JINA, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Fan, Xiaohui; Jiang, Linhua] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Lupton, Robert H.; Gunn, James E.; Knapp, Gillian R.; Johnston, David E.] Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Jester, Sebastian] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Sesar, B (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, POB 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Jiang, Linhua/H-5485-2016 OI Jiang, Linhua/0000-0003-4176-6486 FU National Science Foundation [PHY05-51164, AST 61-5991, AST 07-07901, AST 05-51161, PHY-0503584, AST-0807444, PHY 08-22648]; Taplin Fellowship; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England FX This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant PHY05-51164. B. S. and Z. I. acknowledge support by NSF grants AST 61-5991 and AST 07-07901, and by NSF grant AST 05-51161 to LSST for design and development activity, and acknowledge the hospitality of the KITP at the University of California, Santa Barbara where part of this work was completed. Z. I. acknowledges the hospitality of the Aspen Center for Physics. M. J. gratefully acknowledges support from the Taplin Fellowship, and NSF grants PHY-0503584 and AST-0807444. T. C. B. acknowledges partial support from PHY 08-22648: Physics Frontier Center/Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA), awarded by the U. S. National Science Foundation. We are grateful to Kathy Vivas (CIDA) for helpful comments and discussions. Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSS Web site is http://www.sdss.org/. The SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions. The Participating Institutions are the American Museum of Natural History, Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, University of Basel, University of Cambridge, Case Western Reserve University, University of Chicago, Drexel University, Fermilab, the Institute for Advanced Study, the Japan Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, the Korean Scientist Group, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST), Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), the Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA), New Mexico State University, Ohio State University, University of Pittsburgh, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the United States Naval Observatory, and the University of Washington. NR 88 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 708 IS 1 BP 717 EP 741 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/1/717 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 532ZM UT WOS:000272790400062 ER PT J AU Abbasi, R Abdou, Y Ackermann, M Adams, J Ahlers, M Andeen, K Auffenberg, J Bai, X Baker, M Barwick, SW Bay, R Alba, JLB Beattie, K Bechet, S Becker, JK Becker, KH Benabderrahmane, ML Berdermann, J Berghaus, P Berley, D Bernardini, E Bertrand, D Besson, DZ Bissok, M Blaufuss, E Boersma, DJ Bohm, C Bolmont, J Boeser, S Botner, O Bradley, L Braun, J Breder, D Burgess, T Castermans, T Chirkin, D Christy, B Clem, J Cohen, S Cowen, DF D'Agostino, MV Danninger, M Day, CT De Clercq, C Demirors, L Depaepe, O Descamps, F Desiati, P de Vries-Uiterweerd, G DeYoung, T Diaz-Velez, JC Dreyer, J Dumm, JP Duvoort, MR Edwards, WR Ehrlich, R Eisch, J Ellsworth, RW Engdegard, O Euler, S Evenson, PA Fadiran, O Fazely, AR Feusels, T Filimonov, K Finley, C Foerster, MM Fox, BD Franckowiak, A Franke, R Gaisser, TK Gallagher, J Ganugapati, R Gerhardt, L Gladstone, L Goldschmidt, A Goodman, JA Gozzini, R Grant, D Griesel, T Gross, A Grullon, S Gunasingha, RM Gurtner, M Ha, C Hallgren, A Halzen, F Han, K Hanson, K Hasegawa, Y Heise, J Helbing, K Herquet, P Hickford, S Hill, GC Hoffman, KD Hoshina, K Hubert, D Huelsnitz, W Hulss, JP Hulth, PO Hultqvist, K Hussain, S Imlay, RL Inaba, M Ishihara, A Jacobsen, J Japaridze, GS Johansson, H Joseph, JM Kampert, KH Kappes, A Karg, T Karle, A Kelley, JL Kenny, P Kiryluk, J Kislat, F Klein, SR Klepser, S Knops, S Kohnen, G Kolanoski, H Kopke, L Kowalski, M Kowarik, T Krasberg, M Kuehn, K Kuwabara, T Labare, M Laihem, K Landsman, H Lauer, R Leich, H Lennarz, D Lucke, A Lundberg, J Lunemann, J Madsen, J Majumdar, P Maruyama, R Mase, K Matis, HS McParland, CP Meagher, K Merck, M Meszaros, P Middell, E Milke, N Miyamoto, H Mohr, A Montaruli, T Morse, R Movit, SM Munich, K Nahnhauer, R Nam, JW Nieen, P Nygren, DR Odrowski, S Olivas, A Olivo, M Ono, M Panknin, S Patton, S de los Heros, CP Petrovic, J Piegsa, A Pieloth, D Pohl, AC Porrata, R Potthoff, N Price, PB Prikockis, M Przybylski, GT Rawlins, K Redl, P Resconi, E Rhode, W Ribordy, M Rizzo, A Rodrigues, JP Roth, P Rothmaier, F Rott, C Roucelle, C Rutledge, D Ryckbosch, D Sander, HG Sarkar, S Satalecka, K Schlenstedt, S Schmidt, T Schneider, D Schukraft, A Schulz, O Schunck, M Seckel, D Semburg, B Seo, SH Sestayo, Y Seunarine, S Silvestri, A Slipak, A Spiczak, GM Spiering, C Stamatikos, M Stanev, T Stephens, G Stezelberger, T Stokstad, RG Stoufer, MC Stoyanov, S Strahler, EA Straszheim, T Sulanke, KH Sullivan, GW Swillens, Q Taboada, I Tarasova, O Tepe, A Ter-Antonyan, S Terranova, C Tilav, S Tluczykont, M Toale, PA Tosi, D Turcan, D van Eijndhoven, N Vandenbroucke, J Van Overloop, A Voigt, B Walck, C Waldenmaier, T Walter, M Wendt, C Westerhoff, S Whitehorn, N Wiebusch, CH Wiedemann, A Wikstrom, G Williams, DR Wischnewski, R Wissing, H Woschnagg, K Xu, XW Yodh, G Yoshida, S AF Abbasi, R. Abdou, Y. Ackermann, M. Adams, J. Ahlers, M. Andeen, K. Auffenberg, J. Bai, X. Baker, M. Barwick, S. W. Bay, R. Alba, J. L. Bazo Beattie, K. Bechet, S. Becker, J. K. Becker, K. -H. Benabderrahmane, M. L. Berdermann, J. Berghaus, P. Berley, D. Bernardini, E. Bertrand, D. Besson, D. Z. Bissok, M. Blaufuss, E. Boersma, D. J. Bohm, C. Bolmont, J. Boeser, S. Botner, O. Bradley, L. Braun, J. Breder, D. Burgess, T. Castermans, T. Chirkin, D. Christy, B. Clem, J. Cohen, S. Cowen, D. F. D'Agostino, M. V. Danninger, M. Day, C. T. De Clercq, C. Demiroers, L. Depaepe, O. Descamps, F. Desiati, P. de Vries-Uiterweerd, G. DeYoung, T. Diaz-Velez, J. C. Dreyer, J. Dumm, J. P. Duvoort, M. R. Edwards, W. R. Ehrlich, R. Eisch, J. Ellsworth, R. W. Engdegard, O. Euler, S. Evenson, P. A. Fadiran, O. Fazely, A. R. Feusels, T. Filimonov, K. Finley, C. Foerster, M. M. Fox, B. D. Franckowiak, A. Franke, R. Gaisser, T. K. Gallagher, J. Ganugapati, R. Gerhardt, L. Gladstone, L. Goldschmidt, A. Goodman, J. A. Gozzini, R. Grant, D. Griesel, T. Gross, A. Grullon, S. Gunasingha, R. M. Gurtner, M. Ha, C. Hallgren, A. Halzen, F. Han, K. Hanson, K. Hasegawa, Y. Heise, J. Helbing, K. Herquet, P. Hickford, S. Hill, G. C. Hoffman, K. D. Hoshina, K. Hubert, D. Huelsnitz, W. Huelss, J. -P. Hulth, P. O. Hultqvist, K. Hussain, S. Imlay, R. L. Inaba, M. Ishihara, A. Jacobsen, J. Japaridze, G. S. Johansson, H. Joseph, J. M. Kampert, K. -H. Kappes, A. Karg, T. Karle, A. Kelley, J. L. Kenny, P. Kiryluk, J. Kislat, F. Klein, S. R. Klepser, S. Knops, S. Kohnen, G. Kolanoski, H. Koepke, L. Kowalski, M. Kowarik, T. Krasberg, M. Kuehn, K. Kuwabara, T. Labare, M. Laihem, K. Landsman, H. Lauer, R. Leich, H. Lennarz, D. Lucke, A. Lundberg, J. Luenemann, J. Madsen, J. Majumdar, P. Maruyama, R. Mase, K. Matis, H. S. McParland, C. P. Meagher, K. Merck, M. Meszaros, P. Middell, E. Milke, N. Miyamoto, H. Mohr, A. Montaruli, T. Morse, R. Movit, S. M. Muenich, K. Nahnhauer, R. Nam, J. W. Nieen, P. Nygren, D. R. Odrowski, S. Olivas, A. Olivo, M. Ono, M. Panknin, S. Patton, S. de los Heros, C. Perez Petrovic, J. Piegsa, A. Pieloth, D. Pohl, A. C. Porrata, R. Potthoff, N. Price, P. B. Prikockis, M. Przybylski, G. T. Rawlins, K. Redl, P. Resconi, E. Rhode, W. Ribordy, M. Rizzo, A. Rodrigues, J. P. Roth, P. Rothmaier, F. Rott, C. Roucelle, C. Rutledge, D. Ryckbosch, D. Sander, H. -G. Sarkar, S. Satalecka, K. Schlenstedt, S. Schmidt, T. Schneider, D. Schukraft, A. Schulz, O. Schunck, M. Seckel, D. Semburg, B. Seo, S. H. Sestayo, Y. Seunarine, S. Silvestri, A. Slipak, A. Spiczak, G. M. Spiering, C. Stamatikos, M. Stanev, T. Stephens, G. Stezelberger, T. Stokstad, R. G. Stoufer, M. C. Stoyanov, S. Strahler, E. A. Straszheim, T. Sulanke, K. -H. Sullivan, G. W. Swillens, Q. Taboada, I. Tarasova, O. Tepe, A. Ter-Antonyan, S. Terranova, C. Tilav, S. Tluczykont, M. Toale, P. A. Tosi, D. Turcan, D. van Eijndhoven, N. Vandenbroucke, J. Van Overloop, A. Voigt, B. Walck, C. Waldenmaier, T. Walter, M. Wendt, C. Westerhoff, S. Whitehorn, N. Wiebusch, C. H. Wiedemann, A. Wikstroem, G. Williams, D. R. Wischnewski, R. Wissing, H. Woschnagg, K. Xu, X. W. Yodh, G. Yoshida, S. CA IceCube Collaboration TI SEARCH FOR HIGH-ENERGY MUON NEUTRINOS FROM THE "NAKED-EYE" GRB 080319B WITH THE ICECUBE NEUTRINO TELESCOPE (vol 701, pg 1721, 2009) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Correction C1 [Abbasi, R.; Andeen, K.; Baker, M.; Berghaus, P.; Boersma, D. J.; Braun, J.; Chirkin, D.; Desiati, P.; Diaz-Velez, J. C.; Dumm, J. P.; Eisch, J.; Finley, C.; Ganugapati, R.; Gladstone, L.; Grullon, S.; Halzen, F.; Hanson, K.; Hill, G. C.; Hoshina, K.; Jacobsen, J.; Kappes, A.; Karle, A.; Kelley, J. L.; Krasberg, M.; Landsman, H.; Maruyama, R.; Merck, M.; Montaruli, T.; Morse, R.; Rodrigues, J. P.; Ryckbosch, D.; Schneider, D.; Strahler, E. A.; Wendt, C.; Westerhoff, S.; Whitehorn, N.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Abdou, Y.; Descamps, F.; de Vries-Uiterweerd, G.; Feusels, T.; Van Overloop, A.] Univ Ghent, Dept Subatom & Radiat Phys, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Ackermann, M.; Alba, J. L. Bazo; Benabderrahmane, M. L.; Berdermann, J.; Bernardini, E.; Bolmont, J.; Boeser, S.; Franke, R.; Kislat, F.; Klepser, S.; Lauer, R.; Leich, H.; Majumdar, P.; Middell, E.; Nahnhauer, R.; Pieloth, D.; Satalecka, K.; Schlenstedt, S.; Spiering, C.; Sulanke, K. -H.; Tarasova, O.; Tluczykont, M.; Tosi, D.; Voigt, B.; Walter, M.; Wischnewski, R.] DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany. [Adams, J.; Danninger, M.; Han, K.; Hickford, S.; Seunarine, S.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Ahlers, M.; Sarkar, S.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. [Auffenberg, J.; Becker, K. -H.; Breder, D.; Gurtner, M.; Helbing, K.; Kampert, K. -H.; Karg, T.; Potthoff, N.; Semburg, B.; Tepe, A.] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany. [Bai, X.; Clem, J.; Evenson, P. A.; Gaisser, T. K.; Hussain, S.; Kuwabara, T.; Nieen, P.; Seckel, D.; Stanev, T.; Stoyanov, S.; Tilav, S.] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Bai, X.; Clem, J.; Evenson, P. A.; Gaisser, T. K.; Hussain, S.; Kuwabara, T.; Nieen, P.; Seckel, D.; Stanev, T.; Stoyanov, S.; Tilav, S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Barwick, S. W.; Nam, J. W.; Silvestri, A.; Yodh, G.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Bay, R.; D'Agostino, M. V.; Filimonov, K.; Kiryluk, J.; Klein, S. R.; Porrata, R.; Price, P. B.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Woschnagg, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Beattie, K.; Day, C. T.; Edwards, W. R.; Gerhardt, L.; Goldschmidt, A.; Joseph, J. M.; Kiryluk, J.; Klein, S. R.; Matis, H. S.; McParland, C. P.; Nygren, D. R.; Patton, S.; Przybylski, G. T.; Stezelberger, T.; Stokstad, R. G.; Stoufer, M. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bechet, S.; Bertrand, D.; Labare, M.; Petrovic, J.; Swillens, Q.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Fac Sci CP 230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Becker, J. K.; Dreyer, J.; Milke, N.; Muenich, K.; Rhode, W.; Wiedemann, A.] TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Berley, D.; Blaufuss, E.; Christy, B.; Ehrlich, R.; Ellsworth, R. W.; Goodman, J. A.; Hoffman, K. D.; Huelsnitz, W.; Meagher, K.; Olivas, A.; Redl, P.; Roth, P.; Schmidt, T.; Straszheim, T.; Sullivan, G. W.; Turcan, D.; Wissing, H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Besson, D. Z.; Kenny, P.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Huelss, J. -P.; Laihem, K.; Lennarz, D.; Schukraft, A.; Wiebusch, C. H.; Wissing, H.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. [Bohm, C.; Burgess, T.; Hulth, P. O.; Hultqvist, K.; Johansson, H.; Nygren, D. R.; Seo, S. H.; Walck, C.; Wikstroem, G.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Botner, O.; Engdegard, O.; Hallgren, A.; Lundberg, J.; Olivo, M.; de los Heros, C. Perez; Pohl, A. C.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Bradley, L.; Cowen, D. F.; DeYoung, T.; Foerster, M. M.; Fox, B. D.; Grant, D.; Ha, C.; Meszaros, P.; Prikockis, M.; Rutledge, D.; Slipak, A.; Stephens, G.; Toale, P. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Castermans, T.; Herquet, P.; Kohnen, G.] Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. [Cohen, S.; Demiroers, L.; Ribordy, M.; Terranova, C.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, High Energy Phys Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Cowen, D. F.; Meszaros, P.; Movit, S. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [De Clercq, C.; Depaepe, O.; Hubert, D.; Rizzo, A.] Vrije Univ Brussels, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Duvoort, M. R.; Heise, J.; van Eijndhoven, N.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Phys & Astron, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands. [Fadiran, O.; Japaridze, G. S.] Clark Atlanta Univ, CTSPS, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. [Fazely, A. R.; Gunasingha, R. M.; Imlay, R. L.; Ter-Antonyan, S.; Xu, X. W.] Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. [Franckowiak, A.; Kolanoski, H.; Kowalski, M.; Lucke, A.; Mohr, A.; Panknin, S.; Waldenmaier, T.] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Gallagher, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kappes, A.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Pohl, A. C.] Kalmar Univ, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, S-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. [Gozzini, R.; Griesel, T.; Koepke, L.; Kowarik, T.; Luenemann, J.; Piegsa, A.; Rothmaier, F.; Sander, H. -G.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Gross, A.; Odrowski, S.; Resconi, E.; Roucelle, C.; Schulz, O.; Sestayo, Y.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69177 Heidelberg, Germany. [Hasegawa, Y.; Inaba, M.; Ishihara, A.; Mase, K.; Miyamoto, H.; Ono, M.; Yoshida, S.; IceCube Collaboration] Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan. [Kuehn, K.; Rott, C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kuehn, K.; Rott, C.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Madsen, J.; Spiczak, G. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, River Falls, WI 54022 USA. [Rawlins, K.] Univ Alaska, Dept Phys & Astron, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Stamatikos, M.] NASA, Astroparticle Phys Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Taboada, I.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Taboada, I.] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Williams, D. R.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Abbasi, R (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Wiebusch, Christopher/G-6490-2012; Kowalski, Marek/G-5546-2012; Botner, Olga/A-9110-2013; Hallgren, Allan/A-8963-2013; Tjus, Julia/G-8145-2012; Auffenberg, Jan/D-3954-2014; Maruyama, Reina/A-1064-2013; Sarkar, Subir/G-5978-2011 OI Wiebusch, Christopher/0000-0002-6418-3008; Auffenberg, Jan/0000-0002-1185-9094; Maruyama, Reina/0000-0003-2794-512X; Sarkar, Subir/0000-0002-3542-858X NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 708 IS 1 BP 911 EP 912 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/708/1/911 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 532ZM UT WOS:000272790400077 ER PT S AU Berman, GP Bishop, AR Chernobrod, BM Chumak, OO Gorshkov, VN Torous, SV AF Berman, G. P. Bishop, A. R. Chernobrod, B. M. Chumak, O. O. Gorshkov, V. N. Torous, S. V. BE Korotkova, O TI The effects of phase diffuser on scintillations of laser radiation for long-distance propagation in the atmosphere SO ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves IV CY JAN 25-26, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE AB We consider theoretically and numerically the suppression of fluctuations (scintillations) of a laser beam propagating through turbulent atmospheres by applying a phase modulator. Both spatial and temporal phase variations introduced by this phase modulator are analyzed. The explicit dependences of the scintillation index on the initial correlation length and finite-time phase variations for long propagation paths are obtained. Results of modeling and numerical simulations are presented. We demonstrate that an appropriately chosen phase modulator can significantly suppress the scintillations of the laser beam caused by turbulent atmospheres. C1 [Berman, G. P.; Chernobrod, B. M.; Gorshkov, V. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-4 & CNLS MS B213, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Gorshkov, Vyacheslav/J-3329-2015 OI Gorshkov, Vyacheslav/0000-0002-7700-5649 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7984-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7588 AR 758804 DI 10.1117/12.840721 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BSH12 UT WOS:000284396600003 ER PT J AU Koch, D Schulz, M Kinne, S McNaughton, C Spackman, JR Balkanski, Y Bauer, S Berntsen, T Bond, TC Boucher, O Chin, M Clarke, A De Luca, N Dentener, F Diehl, T Dubovik, O Easter, R Fahey, DW Feichter, J Fillmore, D Freitag, S Ghan, S Ginoux, P Gong, S Horowitz, L Iversen, T Kirkevag, A Klimont, Z Kondo, Y Krol, M Liu, X Miller, R Montanaro, V Moteki, N Myhre, G Penner, JE Perlwitz, J Pitari, G Reddy, S Sahu, L Sakamoto, H Schuster, G Schwarz, JP Seland, O Stier, P Takegawa, N Takemura, T Textor, C van Aardenne, JA Zhao, Y AF Koch, D. Schulz, M. Kinne, S. McNaughton, C. Spackman, J. R. Balkanski, Y. Bauer, S. Berntsen, T. Bond, T. C. Boucher, O. Chin, M. Clarke, A. De Luca, N. Dentener, F. Diehl, T. Dubovik, O. Easter, R. Fahey, D. W. Feichter, J. Fillmore, D. Freitag, S. Ghan, S. Ginoux, P. Gong, S. Horowitz, L. Iversen, T. Kirkevag, A. Klimont, Z. Kondo, Y. Krol, M. Liu, X. Miller, R. Montanaro, V. Moteki, N. Myhre, G. Penner, J. E. Perlwitz, J. Pitari, G. Reddy, S. Sahu, L. Sakamoto, H. Schuster, G. Schwarz, J. P. Seland, O. Stier, P. Takegawa, N. Takemura, T. Textor, C. van Aardenne, J. A. Zhao, Y. TI Evaluation of black carbon estimations in global aerosol models (vol 9, pg 9001, 2009) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Koch, D.; Bauer, S.; Perlwitz, J.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Koch, D.; Bauer, S.; Perlwitz, J.] NASA GISS, New York, NY USA. [Schulz, M.; Balkanski, Y.; Textor, C.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Kinne, S.; Feichter, J.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Schuster, G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Bond, T. C.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Klimont, Z.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [van Aardenne, J. A.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Spackman, J. R.; Fahey, D. W.; Schwarz, J. P.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Spackman, J. R.; Fahey, D. W.; Schwarz, J. P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McNaughton, C.; Clarke, A.; Freitag, S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kondo, Y.; Moteki, N.; Sahu, L.; Sakamoto, H.; Takegawa, N.] Univ Tokyo, RCAST, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. [Krol, M.] Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Berntsen, T.; Iversen, T.; Myhre, G.] Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [Boucher, O.; Dubovik, O.; Reddy, S.] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, CNRS, Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Chin, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Dentener, F.] Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Joint Res Ctr, EC, Ispra, Italy. [Diehl, T.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Easter, R.; Ghan, S.; Liu, X.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ginoux, P.; Horowitz, L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Gong, S.] ARQM Meteorol Serv Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Zhao, Y.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fillmore, D.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Liu, X.; Penner, J. E.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [De Luca, N.; Montanaro, V.; Pitari, G.] Univ Aquila, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Stier, P.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Iversen, T.; Kirkevag, A.; Seland, O.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Myhre, G.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. RP Koch, D (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM dkoch@giss.nasa.gov RI Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Balkanski, Yves/A-6616-2011; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014; Bond, Tami/A-1317-2013; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009; Krol, Maarten/B-3597-2010; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Miller, Ron/E-1902-2012; Boucher, Olivier/J-5810-2012; Boucher, Olivier/K-7483-2012; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012 OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Bond, Tami/0000-0001-5968-8928; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460; Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; NR 1 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 28 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 BP 79 EP 81 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 551QR UT WOS:000274224600007 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, G Dobbie, S AF Kulkarni, G. Dobbie, S. TI Ice nucleation properties of mineral dust particles: determination of onset RHi, IN active fraction, nucleation time-lag, and the effect of active sites on contact angles SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL NUCLEATION; DIFFUSION CHAMBER; SOURCE REGIONS; AEROSOL; PARAMETERIZATION; ATLANTIC; VAPOR; TROPOSPHERE; CLIMATE; CLOUDS AB A newly developed ice nucleation experimental set up was used to investigate the heterogeneous ice nucleation properties of three Saharan and one Spanish dust particle samples. It was observed that the spread in the onset relative humidities with respect to ice (RHi) for Saharan dust particles varied from 104% to 110%, whereas for the Spanish dust from 106% to 110%. The elemental composition analysis shows a prominent Ca feature in the Spanish dust sample which could potentially explain the differences in nucleation threshold. Although the spread in the onset RHi for the three Saharan dust samples were in agreement, the active fractions and nucleation time-lags calculated at various temperature and RHi conditions were found to differ. This could be due to the subtle variation in the elemental composition of the dust samples, and surface irregularities like steps, cracks, cavities etc. A combination of classical nucleation theory and active site theory is used to understand the importance of these surface irregularities on the nucleability parameter, contact angle that is widely used in ice cloud modeling. These calculations show that the surface irregularities can reduce the contact angle by approximately 10 degrees. C1 [Kulkarni, G.; Dobbie, S.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. RP Kulkarni, G (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM gourihar.kulkarni@pnl.gov NR 48 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 BP 95 EP 105 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 551QR UT WOS:000274224600009 ER PT J AU Subramanian, R Kok, GL Baumgardner, D Clarke, A Shinozuka, Y Campos, TL Heizer, CG Stephens, BB de Foy, B Voss, PB Zaveri, RA AF Subramanian, R. Kok, G. L. Baumgardner, D. Clarke, A. Shinozuka, Y. Campos, T. L. Heizer, C. G. Stephens, B. B. de Foy, B. Voss, P. B. Zaveri, R. A. TI Black carbon over Mexico: the effect of atmospheric transport on mixing state, mass absorption cross-section, and BC/CO ratios SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED INCANDESCENCE; ELEMENTAL CARBON; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; FINE-PARTICLE; EMISSIONS; AEROSOL; CITY; MONOXIDE; TRENDS; SOOT AB A single particle soot photometer (SP2) was operated on the NCAR C-130 during the MIRAGE campaign (part of MILAGRO), sampling black carbon (BC) over Mexico. The highest BC concentrations were measured over Mexico City (sometimes as much as 2 mu g/m(3)) and over hill-fires to the south of the city. The age of plumes outside of Mexico City was determined using a combination of HYSPLIT trajectories, WRF-FLEXPART modeling and CMET balloon tracks. As expected, older, diluted air masses had lower BC concentrations. A comparison of carbon monoxide (CO) and BC suggests a CO background of around 65 ppbv, and a background-corrected BC/COnet ratio of 2.89 +/- 0.89 (ng/m(3)-STP)/ppbv (average +/- standard deviation). This ratio is similar for fresh emissions over Mexico City, as well as for aged airmasses. Comparison of light absorption measured with a particle soot absorption photometer (PSAP) and the SP2 BC suggests a BC mass-normalized absorption cross-section (MAC) of 10.9 +/- 2.1 m(2)/g at 660 nm (or 13.1 m(2)/g @ 550 nm, assuming MAC is inversely dependent on wavelength). This appears independent of aging and similar to the expected absorption cross-section for aged BC, but values, particularly in fresh emissions, could be biased high due to instrument artifacts. SP2-derived BC coating indicators show a prominent thinly-coated BC mode over the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA), while older air masses show both thinly-coated and thickly-coated BC. Some 2-day-old plumes do not show a prominent thickly-coated BC mode, possibly due to preferential wet scavenging of the likely-hydrophilic thickly-coated BC. C1 [Subramanian, R.; Kok, G. L.] Droplet Measurement Technol, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Baumgardner, D.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Clarke, A.; Shinozuka, Y.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Campos, T. L.; Heizer, C. G.; Stephens, B. B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [de Foy, B.] St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. [Voss, P. B.] Smith Coll, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. [Zaveri, R. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Subramanian, R (reprint author), Droplet Measurement Technol, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM randomsubu@gmail.com RI Subramanian, R/A-4913-2013; Stephens, Britton/B-7962-2008; de Foy, Benjamin/A-9902-2010; OI Subramanian, R/0000-0002-5553-5913; Stephens, Britton/0000-0002-1966-6182; de Foy, Benjamin/0000-0003-4150-9922; Zaveri, Rahul/0000-0001-9874-8807 FU National Science Foundation [0511780, ATM0810950, ATM0511833-0022095000] FX The C130 SP2 measurements were funded by the National Science Foundation under grant #0511780. The WRF modeling work was supported by NSF grant #ATM0810950, while the CMET balloon work was made possible by NSF grant #ATM0511833-0022095000. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and/or READY website (http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.html) sed in this publication. NR 53 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 7 U2 45 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 BP 219 EP 237 DI 10.5194/acp-10-219-2010 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 551QR UT WOS:000274224600017 ER PT J AU Moffet, RC Henn, TR Tivanski, AV Hopkins, RJ Desyaterik, Y Kilcoyne, ALD Tyliszczak, T Fast, J Barnard, J Shutthanandan, V Cliff, SS Perry, KD Laskin, A Gilles, MK AF Moffet, R. C. Henn, T. R. Tivanski, A. V. Hopkins, R. J. Desyaterik, Y. Kilcoyne, A. L. D. Tyliszczak, T. Fast, J. Barnard, J. Shutthanandan, V. Cliff, S. S. Perry, K. D. Laskin, A. Gilles, M. K. TI Microscopic characterization of carbonaceous aerosol particle aging in the outflow from Mexico City SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MILAGRO FIELD CAMPAIGN; X-RAY-MICROANALYSIS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ORGANIC AEROSOLS; BLACK CARBON; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES; MCMA-2003 CAMPAIGN; METROPOLITAN-AREA AB This study was part of the Megacities Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) field campaign conducted in Mexico City metropolitan area during spring 2006. The physical and chemical transformations of particles aged in the outflow from Mexico City were investigated for the transport event of 22 March 2006. A detailed chemical analysis of individual particles was performed using a combination of complementary microscopy and micro-spectroscopy techniques. The applied techniques included scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) coupled with near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) and computer controlled scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (CCSEM/EDX). As the aerosol plume evolves from the city center, the organic mass per particle increases and the fraction of carbon-carbon double bonds (associated with elemental carbon) decreases. Organic functional groups enhanced with particle age include: carboxylic acids, alkyl groups, and oxygen bonded alkyl groups. At the city center (T0) the most prevalent aerosol type contained inorganic species (composed of sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and potassium) coated with organic material. At the T1 and T2 sites, located northeast of T0 (similar to 29 km and similar to 65 km, respectively), the fraction of homogenously mixed organic particles increased in both size and number. These observations illustrate the evolution of the physical mixing state and organic bonding in individual particles in a photochemically active environment. C1 [Moffet, R. C.; Henn, T. R.; Tivanski, A. V.; Hopkins, R. J.; Kilcoyne, A. L. D.; Tyliszczak, T.; Gilles, M. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Henn, T. R.] Univ Wurzburg, Dept Phys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Desyaterik, Y.; Shutthanandan, V.; Laskin, A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Fast, J.; Barnard, J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Cliff, S. S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Perry, K. D.] Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Gilles, MK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mkgilles@lbl.gov RI Laskin, Alexander/I-2574-2012; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013 OI Laskin, Alexander/0000-0002-7836-8417; FU Department of Energy's office of Biological and Environmental Research; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Glenn T. Seaborg Fellowship; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC06-76RL0] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support provided by the Atmospheric Science Program of the Department of Energy's office of Biological and Environmental Research. R. C. Moffet acknowledges additional financial support from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Glenn T. Seaborg Fellowship. R. C. Moffet also thanks Satoshi Takahama for extremely helpful guidance with STXM data analysis techniques. The STXM/NEXAFS particle analysis was performed at beamlines 11.0.2 and 5.3.2 and the SXRF analysis at beamline 10.3.1 at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The work at the Advanced Light Source was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The CCSEM/EDX particle analysis was performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. PNNL is operated by the US Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RL0. T. R. Henn thanks the student exchange program between the University of Wurzburg and U. C. Berkeley (curator Professor A. Forchel, Wurzburg and NSF IGERT program at UCB, DGE-0333455, Nanoscale Science and Engineering-From Building Blocks to Functional Systems). S. S. Cliff and K. D. Perry gratefully acknowledge Yongjing Zhao and Donna Hamamoto for analytical support at beamline 10.3.1. NR 72 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 46 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 961 EP 976 DI 10.5194/acp-10-961-2010 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 554BH UT WOS:000274410000008 ER PT J AU Fisher, JA Jacob, DJ Purdy, MT Kopacz, M Le Sager, P Carouge, C Holmes, CD Yantosca, RM Batchelor, RL Strong, K Diskin, GS Fuelberg, HE Holloway, JS Hyer, EJ McMillan, WW Warner, J Streets, DG Zhang, Q Wang, Y Wu, S AF Fisher, J. A. Jacob, D. J. Purdy, M. T. Kopacz, M. Le Sager, P. Carouge, C. Holmes, C. D. Yantosca, R. M. Batchelor, R. L. Strong, K. Diskin, G. S. Fuelberg, H. E. Holloway, J. S. Hyer, E. J. McMillan, W. W. Warner, J. Streets, D. G. Zhang, Q. Wang, Y. Wu, S. TI Source attribution and interannual variability of Arctic pollution in spring constrained by aircraft (ARCTAS, ARCPAC) and satellite (AIRS) observations of carbon monoxide SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; SURFACE OBSERVATIONS; OZONE POLLUTION; ASIAN OUTFLOW; BLACK CARBON; BERING-SEA; TRANSPORT; EMISSIONS; PACIFIC; CO AB We use aircraft observations of carbon monoxide (CO) from the NASA ARCTAS and NOAA ARCPAC campaigns in April 2008 together with multiyear (2003-2008) CO satellite data from the AIRS instrument and a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to better understand the sources, transport, and interannual variability of pollution in the Arctic in spring. Model simulation of the aircraft data gives best estimates of CO emissions in April 2008 of 26 Tg month(-1) for Asian anthropogenic, 9.4 for European anthropogenic, 4.1 for North American anthropogenic, 15 for Russian biomass burning (anomalously large that year), and 23 for Southeast Asian biomass burning. We find that Asian anthropogenic emissions are the dominant source of Arctic CO pollution everywhere except in surface air where European anthropogenic emissions are of similar importance. Russian biomass burning makes little contribution to mean CO (reflecting the long CO lifetime) but makes a large contribution to CO variability in the form of combustion plumes. Analysis of two pollution events sampled by the aircraft demonstrates that AIRS can successfully observe pollution transport to the Arctic in the mid-troposphere. The 2003-2008 record of CO from AIRS shows that interannual variability averaged over the Arctic cap is very small. AIRS CO columns over Alaska are highly correlated with the Ocean Nino Index, suggesting a link between El Nino and Asian pollution transport to the Arctic. AIRS shows lower-than-average CO columns over Alaska during April 2008, despite the Russian fires, due to a weakened Aleutian Low hindering transport from Asia and associated with the moderate 2007-2008 La Nina. This suggests that Asian pollution influence over the Arctic may be particularly large under strong El Nino conditions. C1 [Fisher, J. A.; Jacob, D. J.; Purdy, M. T.; Kopacz, M.; Le Sager, P.; Carouge, C.; Holmes, C. D.; Yantosca, R. M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fisher, J. A.; Jacob, D. J.; Purdy, M. T.; Kopacz, M.; Le Sager, P.; Carouge, C.; Holmes, C. D.; Yantosca, R. M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Batchelor, R. L.; Strong, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Diskin, G. S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Fuelberg, H. E.] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Holloway, J. S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Holloway, J. S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Hyer, E. J.] USN, Res Lab, UCAR Visiting Scientist Program, Monterey, CA USA. [McMillan, W. W.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [McMillan, W. W.; Warner, J.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Streets, D. G.; Zhang, Q.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zhang, Q.] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wang, Y.] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wu, S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Wu, S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Fisher, JA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jafisher@fas.harvard.edu RI Strong, Kimberly/D-2563-2012; Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Fisher, Jenny/J-3979-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Wang, Yuxuan/C-6902-2014; Holmes, Christopher/C-9956-2014; Yantosca, Robert/F-7920-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Carouge, Claire/A-4755-2012 OI Fisher, Jenny/0000-0002-2921-1691; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Wang, Yuxuan/0000-0002-1649-6974; Holmes, Christopher/0000-0002-2727-0954; Yantosca, Robert/0000-0003-3781-1870; Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350; Carouge, Claire/0000-0002-0313-8385 FU NASA; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Science; Canadian Foundation for Innovation; Canadian Space Agency; Environment Canada, Government of Canada; Ontario Research Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Northern Scientific Training Program; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Atlantic, Nova Scotia and Ontario Innovation Trusts; AIRS Project Office; National Defense Science and Engineering FX This work was supported by the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program and the NASA Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program. The FTS measurements at Eureka were made as part of the Canadian Arctic ACE validation campaigns and by the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change, supported by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Science, Canadian Foundation for Innovation, Canadian Space Agency, Environment Canada, Government of Canada International Polar Year funding, Ontario Research Fund, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Northern Scientific Training Program, Polar Continental Shelf Program, and the Atlantic, Nova Scotia and Ontario Innovation Trusts. WWM thanks the AIRS Project Office for support. JAF acknowledges support from a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship. NR 81 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 29 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 977 EP 996 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 554BH UT WOS:000274410000009 ER PT J AU Lewandowski, PA Eichinger, WE Holder, H Prueger, J Wang, J Kleinman, LI AF Lewandowski, P. A. Eichinger, W. E. Holder, H. Prueger, J. Wang, J. Kleinman, L. I. TI Vertical distribution of aerosols in the vicinity of Mexico City during MILAGRO-2006 Campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; FIELD CAMPAIGN; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; EXTINCTION RATIOS; LIDAR MEASUREMENT; ELEMENTAL CARBON; TIME EVOLUTION; AIR-QUALITY; DENSITY; MASS AB On 7 March 2006, a mobile, ground-based, vertical pointing, elastic lidar system made a North-South transect through the Mexico City basin. Column averaged, aerosol size distribution (ASD) measurements were made on the ground concurrently with the lidar measurements. The ASD ground measurements allowed calculation of the column averaged mass extinction efficiency (MEE) for the lidar system (1064 nm). The value of column averaged MEE was combined with spatially resolved lidar extinction coefficients to produce total aerosol mass concentration estimates with the resolution of the lidar (1.5m vertical spatial and 1 s temporal). Airborne ASD measurements from DOE G-1 aircraft made later in the day on 7 March 2006, allowed the evaluation of the assumptions of constant ASD with height and time used for estimating the column averaged MEE. The results showed that the aerosol loading within the basin is about twice what is observed outside of the basin. The total aerosol base concentrations observed in the basin are of the order of 200 mu g/m(3) and the base levels outside are of the order of 100 mu g/m(3). The local heavy traffic events can introduce aerosol levels near the ground as high as 900 mu g/m(3). The article presents the methodology for estimating aerosol mass concentration from mobile, ground-based lidar measurements in combination with aerosol size distribution measurements. An uncertainty analysis of the methodology is also presented. C1 [Lewandowski, P. A.; Eichinger, W. E.] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Holder, H.] Duke Univ, Rayleigh, NC USA. [Prueger, J.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wang, J.; Kleinman, L. I.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lewandowski, PA (reprint author), Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM piotr-lewandowski@uiowa.edu RI Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011 NR 54 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 1017 EP 1030 DI 10.5194/acp-10-1017-2010 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 554BH UT WOS:000274410000011 ER PT J AU Russell, PB Bergstrom, RW Shinozuka, Y Clarke, AD DeCarlo, PF Jimenez, JL Livingston, JM Redemann, J Dubovik, O Strawa, A AF Russell, P. B. Bergstrom, R. W. Shinozuka, Y. Clarke, A. D. DeCarlo, P. F. Jimenez, J. L. Livingston, J. M. Redemann, J. Dubovik, O. Strawa, A. TI Absorption Angstrom Exponent in AERONET and related data as an indicator of aerosol composition SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; SINGLE SCATTERING ALBEDO; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; MEXICO-CITY; SPECTRAL DEPENDENCE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLAR IRRADIANCE; RETRIEVAL; PARTICLES AB Recent results from diverse air, ground, and laboratory studies using both radiometric and in situ techniques show that the fractions of black carbon, organic matter, and mineral dust in atmospheric aerosols determine the wavelength dependence of absorption (often expressed as Absorption Angstrom Exponent, or AAE). Taken together, these results hold promise of improving information on aerosol composition from remote measurements. The main purpose of this paper is to show that AAE values for an Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) set of retrievals from Sun-sky measurements describing full aerosol vertical columns are also strongly correlated with aerosol composition or type. In particular, we find AAE values near 1 (the theoretical value for black carbon) for AERONET-measured aerosol columns dominated by urban-industrial aerosol, larger AAE values for biomass burning aerosols, and the largest AAE values for Sahara dust aerosols. These AERONET results are consistent with results from other, very different, techniques, including solar flux-aerosol optical depth (AOD) analyses and airborne in situ analyses examined in this paper, as well as many other previous results. Ambiguities in aerosol composition or mixtures thereof, resulting from intermediate AAE values, can be reduced via cluster analyses that supplement AAE with other variables, for example Extinction Angstrom Exponent (EAE), which is an indicator of particle size. Together with previous results, these results strengthen prospects for determining aerosol composition from space, for example using the Glory Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS), which seeks to provide retrievals of multi-wavelength single-scattering albedo (SSA) and aerosol optical depth (and therefore aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) and AAE), as well as shape and other aerosol properties. Multidimensional cluster analyses promise additional information content, for example by using the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) to add AAOD in the near ultraviolet and CALIPSO aerosol layer heights to reduce height-absorption ambiguity. C1 [Russell, P. B.; Strawa, A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Bergstrom, R. W.; Redemann, J.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. [Shinozuka, Y.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Clarke, A. D.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [DeCarlo, P. F.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [DeCarlo, P. F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Livingston, J. M.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Dubovik, O.] Univ Lille, CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. RP Russell, PB (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM philip.b.russell@nasa.gov RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; DeCarlo, Peter/B-2118-2008; Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; DeCarlo, Peter/0000-0001-6385-7149; Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460 FU NASA [NNX08AD39G]; NSF [ATM05-11521, NSF-ATM-0513116]; NSF/UCAR [S05-39607] FX PBR, RWB, JML, JR, and AS were supported by the NASA Radiation Science Program. ADC and YS were supported by NSF grant number ATM05-11521. PFD and JLJ were supported by NASA NNX08AD39G, NSF/UCAR S05-39607, and NSF-ATM-0513116. We appreciate helpful discussions with Brent Holben and Lorraine Remer on AERONET measurements, with Omar Torres on OMI future measurements and with Brian Cairns on Glory APS measurements, as well as internal reviews by Robert Chatfield and Laura Iraci. NR 72 TC 200 Z9 205 U1 4 U2 62 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 1155 EP 1169 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 554BH UT WOS:000274410000019 ER PT J AU Lin, CJ Pan, L Streets, DG Shetty, SK Jang, C Feng, X Chu, HW Ho, TC AF Lin, C. -J. Pan, L. Streets, D. G. Shetty, S. K. Jang, C. Feng, X. Chu, H. -W. Ho, T. C. TI Estimating mercury emission outflow from East Asia using CMAQ-Hg SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GASEOUS ELEMENTAL MERCURY; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; SCIENTIFIC UNCERTAINTIES; AMBIENT AIR; PARTICULATE MERCURY; SPECIATED MERCURY; DEPOSITION FLUXES; CHINA; MODEL; TRANSPORT AB East Asia contributes to nearly 50% of the global anthropogenic mercury emissions into the atmosphere. Recently, there have been concerns about the long-range transport of mercury from East Asia, which may lead to enhanced dry and wet depositions in other regions. In this study, we performed four monthly simulations (January, April, July and October in 2005) using CMAQ-Hg v4.6 for a number of emission inventory scenarios in an East Asian model domain. Coupled with mass balance analyses, the chemical transport of mercury in East Asia and the resulted mercury emission outflow were investigated. The total annual mercury deposition in the region was estimated to be 821 Mg, with 396Mg contributed by wet deposition and 425 Mg by dry deposition. Anthropogenic emissions were responsible for most of the estimated deposition (75%). The deposition caused by emissions from natural sources was less important (25%). Regional mercury transport budgets showed strong seasonal variability, with a net removal of RGM (7-15 Mg month(-1)) and PHg (13-21 Mg month(-1)) in the domain, and a net export of GEM (60-130 Mg month(-1)) from the domain. The outflow caused by East Asian emissions (anthropogenic plus natural) was estimated to be in the range of 1369-1671 Mgyr(-1), of which 50-60% was caused by emissions from natural sources. The emission outflow represented about 75% of the total mercury emissions in the region, and would contribute to 20-30% of mercury deposition in remote receptors. C1 [Lin, C. -J.] Lamar Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. [Lin, C. -J.] S China Univ Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Pan, L.; Chu, H. -W.] Lamar Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. [Streets, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Shetty, S. K.; Ho, T. C.] Lamar Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. [Jang, C.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Feng, X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Environm Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Peoples R China. RP Lin, CJ (reprint author), Lamar Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. EM jerry.lin@lamar.edu RI Feng, Xinbin/F-4512-2011; Pan, Li/G-1327-2012; Lin, Che-Jen/K-1808-2013; OI Feng, Xinbin/0000-0002-7462-8998; Lin, Che-Jen/0000-0001-5990-3093; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU Texas Air Research Center [078LUB3068A]; Texas Commission on Environmental Quality [582-7-83975]; USEPA Office of Air Quality Planning Standards [6-321-0210288]; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences FX The study is sponsored in parts by the Texas Air Research Center (Project No: 078LUB3068A), Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (Umbrella Contract No. 582-7-83975), USEPA Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards (RTI Subcontract Number: 6-321-0210288), and the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The funding support is gratefully acknowledged. NR 63 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1853 EP 1864 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 559TS UT WOS:000274851500023 ER PT J AU Jobson, BT Volkamer, RA Velasco, E Allwine, G Westberg, H Lamb, BK Alexander, ML Berkowitz, CM Molina, LT AF Jobson, B. T. Volkamer, R. A. Velasco, E. Allwine, G. Westberg, H. Lamb, B. K. Alexander, M. L. Berkowitz, C. M. Molina, L. T. TI Comparison of aromatic hydrocarbon measurements made by PTR-MS, DOAS and GC-FID during the MCMA 2003 Field Experiment SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; REACTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; O-2 HERZBERG BANDS; INTERCOMPARISON EXPERIMENT NOMHICE; MEXICO-CITY; AIR-QUALITY; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; RATE CONSTANTS AB A comparison of aromatic hydrocarbon measurements is reported for the CENICA supersite in the district of Iztapalapa during the Mexico City Metropolitan Area field experiment in April 2003 (MCMA 2003). Data from three different measurement methods were compared: a Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS), long path measurements using a UV Differential Optical Absorption Spectrometer (DOAS), and Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization analysis (GC-FID) of canister samples. The principle focus was on the comparison between PTR-MS and DOAS data. Lab tests established that the PTR-MS and DOAS calibrations were consistent for a suite of aromatic compounds including benzene, toluene, p-xylene, ethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, phenol and styrene. The point sampling measurements by the PTR-MS and GC-FID showed good correlations (r=0.6), and were in reasonable agreement for toluene, C-2-alkylbenzenes and C-3-alkylbenzenes. The PTR-MS benzene data were consistently high, indicating interference from ethylbenzene fragmentation for the 145 Td drift field intensity used in the experiment. Correlations between the open-path data measured at 16-m height over a 860-m path length (retroreflector in 430m distance), and the point measurements collected at 37-m sampling height were best for benzene (r=0.61), and reasonably good for toluene, C-2-alkylbenzenes, naphthalene, styrene, cresols and phenol (r>0.5). There was good agreement between DOAS and PTR-MS measurements of benzene after correction for the PTR-MS ethylbenzene interference. Mixing ratios measured by DOAS were on average a factor of 1.7 times greater than the PTR-MS data for toluene, C-2-alkylbenzenes, naphthalene and styrene. The level of agreement for the toluene data displayed a modest dependence on wind direction, establishing that spatial gradients - horizontal, vertical, or both - in toluene mixing ratios were significant, and up to a factor of 2 despite the fact that all measurements were conducted above roof level. Our analysis highlights a potential problem in defining a VOC sampling strategy that is meaningful for the comparison with photochemical transport models: meaningful measurements require a spatial fetch that is comparable to the grid cell size of models, which is typically a few 10 km(2). Long-path DOAS measurements inherently average over a larger spatial scale than point measurements. The spatial representativeness can be further increased if observations are conducted outside the surface roughness sublayer, which might require measurements at altitudes as high as 10s of metres above roof level. C1 [Jobson, B. T.; Allwine, G.; Westberg, H.; Lamb, B. K.] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Volkamer, R. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Volkamer, R. A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Velasco, E.] Molina Ctr Energy & Environm MCE2, La Jolla, CA USA. [Volkamer, R. A.; Molina, L. T.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Alexander, M. L.; Berkowitz, C. M.] Battelle Pacific NW, Richland, WA USA. RP Jobson, BT (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM tjobson@wsu.edu RI Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; OI Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; Jobson, Bertram/0000-0003-1812-9745 FU US Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; Camille and Henry Dreyfus Postdoctral Fellowship in Environmental Chemistry; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX A portion of the research was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the US Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Rainer Volkamer acknowledges support from the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Postdoctral Fellowship in Environmental Chemistry and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for a Feodor-Lynen Fellowship. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1989 EP 2005 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 559TS UT WOS:000274851500032 ER PT J AU Adhikary, B Carmichael, GR Kulkarni, S Wei, C Tang, Y D'Allura, A Mena-Carrasco, M Streets, DG Zhang, Q Pierce, RB Al-Saadi, JA Emmons, LK Pfister, GG Avery, MA Barrick, JD Blake, DR Brune, WH Cohen, RC Dibb, JE Fried, A Heikes, BG Huey, LG O'Sullivan, DW Sachse, GW Shetter, RE Singh, HB Campos, TL Cantrell, CA Flocke, FM Dunlea, EJ Jimenez, JL Weinheimer, AJ Crounse, JD Wennberg, PO Schauer, JJ Stone, EA Jaffe, DA Reidmiller, DR AF Adhikary, B. Carmichael, G. R. Kulkarni, S. Wei, C. Tang, Y. D'Allura, A. Mena-Carrasco, M. Streets, D. G. Zhang, Q. Pierce, R. B. Al-Saadi, J. A. Emmons, L. K. Pfister, G. G. Avery, M. A. Barrick, J. D. Blake, D. R. Brune, W. H. Cohen, R. C. Dibb, J. E. Fried, A. Heikes, B. G. Huey, L. G. O'Sullivan, D. W. Sachse, G. W. Shetter, R. E. Singh, H. B. Campos, T. L. Cantrell, C. A. Flocke, F. M. Dunlea, E. J. Jimenez, J. L. Weinheimer, A. J. Crounse, J. D. Wennberg, P. O. Schauer, J. J. Stone, E. A. Jaffe, D. A. Reidmiller, D. R. TI A regional scale modeling analysis of aerosol and trace gas distributions over the eastern Pacific during the INTEX-B field campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; NORTH-AMERICA; TRANSPACIFIC TRANSPORT; POLLUTION TRANSPORT; ASIAN AEROSOLS; AIR-POLLUTION; MINERAL DUST; ORGANIC MASS; EMISSIONS; AIRCRAFT AB The Sulfur Transport and dEposition Model (STEM) is applied to the analysis of observations obtained during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-Phase B (INTEX-B), conducted over the eastern Pacific Ocean during spring 2006. Predicted trace gas and aerosol distributions over the Pacific are presented and discussed in terms of transport and source region contributions. Trace species distributions show a strong west (high) to east (low) gradient, with the bulk of the pollutant transport over the central Pacific occurring between similar to 20 degrees N and 50 degrees N in the 2-6 km altitude range. These distributions are evaluated in the eastern Pacific by comparison with the NASA DC-8 and NSF/NCAR C-130 airborne measurements along with observations from the Mt. Bachelor (MBO) surface site. Thirty different meteorological, trace gas and aerosol parameters are compared. In general the meteorological fields are better predicted than gas phase species, which in turn are better predicted than aerosol quantities. PAN is found to be significantly overpredicted over the eastern Pacific, which is attributed to uncertainties in the chemical reaction mechanisms used in current atmospheric chemistry models in general and to the specifically high PAN production in the SAPRC-99 mechanism used in the regional model. A systematic underprediction of the elevated sulfate layer in the eastern Pacific observed by the C-130 is another issue that is identified and discussed. Results from source region tagged CO simulations are used to estimate how the different source regions around the Pacific contribute to the trace gas species distributions. During this period the largest contributions were from China and from fires in South/Southeast and North Asia. For the C-130 flights, which operated off the coast of the Northwest US, the regional CO contributions range as follows: China (35%), South/Southeast Asia fires (35%), North America anthropogenic (20%), and North Asia fires (10%). The transport of pollution into the western US is studied at MBO and a variety of events with elevated Asian dust, and periods with contributions from China and fires from both Asia and North America are discussed. The role of heterogeneous chemistry on the composition over the eastern Pacific is also studied. The impacts of heterogeneous reactions at specific times can be significant, increasing sulfate and nitrate aerosol production and reducing gas phase nitric acid levels appreciably (similar to 50%). C1 [Adhikary, B.; Carmichael, G. R.; Kulkarni, S.; Wei, C.; Tang, Y.; D'Allura, A.; Mena-Carrasco, M.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Adhikary, B.] Kathmandu Univ, Sch Engn, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal. [Streets, D. G.; Zhang, Q.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pierce, R. B.; Al-Saadi, J. A.; Avery, M. A.; Barrick, J. D.; Sachse, G. W.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Emmons, L. K.; Pfister, G. G.; Fried, A.; Shetter, R. E.; Campos, T. L.; Cantrell, C. A.; Flocke, F. M.; Weinheimer, A. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Brune, W. H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dibb, J. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Heikes, B. G.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Huey, L. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [O'Sullivan, D. W.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Singh, H. B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Dunlea, E. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dunlea, E. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Crounse, J. D.; Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Schauer, J. J.; Stone, E. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, Madison, WI USA. [Jaffe, D. A.] Univ Washington, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. [Reidmiller, D. R.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kulkarni, S (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM sarika-kulkarni@uiowa.edu RI Mena-Carrasco, Marcelo/B-8483-2012; Mena-Carrasco, Marcelo/L-9730-2016; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; wei, chao/E-4379-2011; Crounse, John/E-4622-2011; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008 OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X; O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; FU NASA [NNG04GC58G]; NSF [0613124] FX We would like to thank the INTEX-B science team. This work was supported by a NASA grants (NNG04GC58G and INTEX-B). The heterogeneous chemistry portion was based on work done under a NSF grant (0613124). The authors would also like to acknowledge NOAA and Atmospheric Brown Cloud project for support of the Trinidad Head and Kathmandu measurements. NR 55 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 21 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 5 BP 2091 EP 2115 DI 10.5194/acp-10-2091-2010 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 568ER UT WOS:000275505500002 ER PT J AU Liang, Q Stolarski, RS Kawa, SR Nielsen, JE Douglass, AR Rodriguez, JM Blake, DR Atlas, EL Ott, LE AF Liang, Q. Stolarski, R. S. Kawa, S. R. Nielsen, J. E. Douglass, A. R. Rodriguez, J. M. Blake, D. R. Atlas, E. L. Ott, L. E. TI Finding the missing stratospheric Br-y: a global modeling study of CHBr3 and CH2Br2 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC EXPLORATORY MISSION; BROMINE CHEMISTRY; TROPICAL PACIFIC; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; PEM-TROPICS; TRANSPORT; BROMOFORM; TROPOSPHERE; AIR; HALOCARBONS AB Recent in situ and satellite measurements suggest a contribution of similar to 5 pptv to stratospheric inorganic bromine from short-lived bromocarbons. We conduct a modeling study of the two most important short-lived bromocarbons, bromoform (CHBr3) and dibromomethane (CH2Br2), with the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry Climate Model (GEOS CCM) to account for this missing stratospheric bromine. We derive a 'top-down' emission estimate of CHBr3 and CH2Br2 using airborne measurements in the Pacific and North American troposphere and lower stratosphere obtained during previous NASA aircraft campaigns. Our emission estimate suggests that to reproduce the observed concentrations in the free troposphere, a global oceanic emission of 425 Gg Br yr(-1) for CHBr3 and 57 Gg Br yr(-1) for CH2Br2 is needed, with 60% of emissions from open ocean and 40% from coastal regions. Although our simple emission scheme assumes no seasonal variations, the model reproduces the observed seasonal variations of the short-lived bromocarbons with high concentrations in winter and low concentrations in summer. This indicates that the seasonality of short-lived bromocarbons is largely due to seasonality in their chemical loss and transport. The inclusion of CHBr3 and CH2Br2 contributes similar to 5 pptv bromine throughout the stratosphere. Both the source gases and inorganic bromine produced from source gas degradation (Br-y(VSLS)) in the troposphere are transported into the stratosphere, and are equally important. Inorganic bromine accounts for half (2.5 pptv) of the bromine from the inclusion of CHBr3 and CH2Br2 near the tropical tropopause and its contribution rapidly increases to similar to 100% as altitude increases. More than 85% of the wet scavenging of Br-y(VSLS) occurs in large-scale precipitation below 500 hPa. Our sensitivity study with wet scavenging in convective updrafts switched off suggests that Br-y(VSLS) in the stratosphere is not sensitive to convection. Convective scavenging only accounts for similar to 0.2 pptv (4%) difference in inorganic bromine delivered to the stratosphere. C1 [Liang, Q.; Stolarski, R. S.; Kawa, S. R.; Douglass, A. R.; Rodriguez, J. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Liang, Q.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA Postdoctoral Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Nielsen, J. E.; Ott, L. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Nielsen, J. E.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Atlas, E. L.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Ott, L. E.] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Liang, Q (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM qing.liang@nasa.gov RI Liang, Qing/B-1276-2011; Ott, Lesley/E-2250-2012; Douglass, Anne/D-4655-2012; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Kawa, Stephan/E-9040-2012; Stolarski, Richard/B-8499-2013; Rodriguez, Jose/G-3751-2013 OI Stolarski, Richard/0000-0001-8722-4012; Rodriguez, Jose/0000-0002-1902-4649 FU NASA FX This research was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. We thank Stephan Fueglistaler for helpful discussions on transport in the tropical tropopause layer. We also acknowledge the useful comments from two anonymous reviewers. NR 72 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 5 BP 2269 EP 2286 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 568ER UT WOS:000275505500013 ER PT J AU Apel, EC Emmons, LK Karl, T Flocke, F Hills, AJ Madronich, S Lee-Taylor, J Fried, A Weibring, P Walega, J Richter, D Tie, X Mauldin, L Campos, T Weinheimer, A Knapp, D Sive, B Kleinman, L Springston, S Zaveri, R Ortega, J Voss, P Blake, D Baker, A Warneke, C Welsh-Bon, D de Gouw, J Zheng, J Zhang, R Rudolph, J Junkermann, W Riemer, DD AF Apel, E. C. Emmons, L. K. Karl, T. Flocke, F. Hills, A. J. Madronich, S. Lee-Taylor, J. Fried, A. Weibring, P. Walega, J. Richter, D. Tie, X. Mauldin, L. Campos, T. Weinheimer, A. Knapp, D. Sive, B. Kleinman, L. Springston, S. Zaveri, R. Ortega, J. Voss, P. Blake, D. Baker, A. Warneke, C. Welsh-Bon, D. de Gouw, J. Zheng, J. Zhang, R. Rudolph, J. Junkermann, W. Riemer, D. D. TI Chemical evolution of volatile organic compounds in the outflow of the Mexico City Metropolitan area SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PROTON-TRANSFER-REACTION; REACTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INTERCOMPARISON EXPERIMENT NOMHICE; CHARACTERIZING OZONE PRODUCTION; AIR-QUALITY; FORMALDEHYDE MEASUREMENTS; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; FIELD CAMPAIGNS; URBAN AIR; WRF-CHEM AB The volatile organic compound (VOC) distribution in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) and its evolution as it is uplifted and transported out of the MCMA basin was studied during the 2006 MILAGRO/MIRAGE-Mex field campaign. The results show that in the morning hours in the city center, the VOC distribution is dominated by non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) but with a substantial contribution from oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs), predominantly from primary emissions. Alkanes account for a large part of the NMHC distribution in terms of mixing ratios. In terms of reactivity, NMHCs also dominate overall, especially in the morning hours. However, in the afternoon, as the boundary layer lifts and air is mixed and aged within the basin, the distribution changes as secondary products are formed. The WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry) model and MOZART (Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers) were able to approximate the observed MCMA daytime patterns and absolute values of the VOC OH reactivity. The MOZART model is also in agreement with observations showing that NMHCs dominate the reactivity distribution except in the afternoon hours. The WRF-Chem and MOZART models showed higher reactivity than the experimental data during the nighttime cycle, perhaps indicating problems with the modeled nighttime boundary layer height. A northeast transport event was studied in which air originating in the MCMA was intercepted aloft with the Department of Energy (DOE) G1 on 18 March and downwind with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) C130 one day later on 19 March. A number of identical species measured aboard each aircraft gave insight into the chemical evolution of the plume as it aged and was transported as far as 1000 km downwind; ozone was shown to be photochemically produced in the plume. The WRF-Chem and MOZART models were used to examine the spatial extent and temporal evolution of the plume and to help interpret the observed OH reactivity. The model results generally showed good agreement with experimental results for the total VOC OH reactivity downwind and gave insight into the distributions of VOC chemical classes. A box model with detailed gas phase chemistry (NCAR Master Mechanism), initialized with concentrations observed at one of the ground sites in the MCMA, was used to examine the expected evolution of specific VOCs over a 1-2 day period. The models clearly supported the experimental evidence for NMHC oxidation leading to the formation of OVOCs downwind, which then become the primary fuel for ozone production far away from the MCMA. C1 [Apel, E. C.; Emmons, L. K.; Karl, T.; Flocke, F.; Hills, A. J.; Madronich, S.; Lee-Taylor, J.; Fried, A.; Weibring, P.; Walega, J.; Richter, D.; Tie, X.; Mauldin, L.; Campos, T.; Weinheimer, A.; Knapp, D.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Sive, B.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Kleinman, L.; Springston, S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Zaveri, R.; Ortega, J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Voss, P.] Smith Coll, Amherst, MA USA. [Voss, P.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Blake, D.; Baker, A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Warneke, C.; Welsh-Bon, D.; de Gouw, J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO USA. [Zheng, J.; Zhang, R.] Texas A&M, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. [Rudolph, J.] York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Junkermann, W.] Res Ctr Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, IMK IFU, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Riemer, D. D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Apel, EC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM apel@ucar.edu RI Zheng, Jun/E-6772-2010; Junkermann, Wolfgang/A-7416-2013; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Madronich, Sasha/D-3284-2015; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Baker, Angela /A-1666-2011; Zhang, Renyi/A-2942-2011; Lee-Taylor, Julia/B-7409-2008; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Madronich, Sasha/0000-0003-0983-1313; Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Lee-Taylor, Julia/0000-0003-0989-1113; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; Baker, Angela K./0000-0001-7845-422X; Zaveri, Rahul/0000-0001-9874-8807; Junkermann, Wolfgang/0000-0002-7461-3024 FU NASA [NNG06GB29G]; National Science Foundation FX The authors would like to thank University of New Hampshire students Karl Haase, Rich Luciano, and Theresa Balanger for their incredible work with chromatograms. Thanks also to Geoff Tyndall and Rebecca Hornbrook for helpful discussions. We gratefully acknowledge the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program for funding this research (award number NNG06GB29G). The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 83 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 6 U2 59 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 5 BP 2353 EP 2375 DI 10.5194/acp-10-2353-2010 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 568ER UT WOS:000275505500018 ER EF